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$Unique_ID{COW00572}
$Pretitle{405}
$Title{United Kingdom
The British National Anthem}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{Embassy of the United Kingdom, Washington DC}
$Affiliation{Embassy of the United Kingdom, Washington DC}
$Subject{god
tune
save
national
anthem
british
king
queen
song
long}
$Date{1990}
$Log{}
Country: United Kingdom
Book: Facts about the United Kingdom
Author: Embassy of the United Kingdom, Washington DC
Affiliation: Embassy of the United Kingdom, Washington DC
Date: 1990
The British National Anthem
The British national anthem - 'God Save the Queen' - originated in a
patriotic song first publicly performed in London in 1745. The song came
to be referred to as the national anthem from about the beginning of the
nineteenth century. It is now performed at royal and state occasions
and in connection with certain ceremonies.
Both the words and tune are anonymous and may date back to the
seventeenth century. They were first published in the early 1740s in a
collection of songs called Thesaurus Musicus. In July 1745 the 'Young
Pretender' to the British throne, Prince Charles Edward Stuart, grandson of
King James II, landed on the west coast of Scotland and in September defeated
the army of King George II at Prestonpans, near Edinburgh. This 'Jacobite'
threat evoked patriotic movements in favour of the Hanoverian dynasty,
particularly in London, which felt itself threatened by the Jacobite advance.
After news of Prestonpans had reached London, Dr Thomas Arne, the composer of
'Rule Britannia' and leader of the band at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane,
arranged 'God Save the King' for performance at the theatre by soloists and
chorus after the play (Ben Jonson's The Alchemist) on 28 September. The
performance was a tremendous success and was repeated nightly thereafter. A
few days later a setting arranged by Arne's pupil, Charles Burney, was
performed at Convent Garden. It was then taken up by other theatres, and soon
spread outside London. The custom of greeting the King with the song as he
entered a place of public amusement was soon established.
The Words
There is no authorised version of the national anthem - the words being
a matter of tradition rather than official decree. Attempts made to provide
a set of verses different from the original ones include those by Shelley
in 1819; by Ebenezer Elliot, the 'Corn Law Rhymer', in 1830; by Sir William
Watson in 1894; and by James Elroy Flecker in 1915. In the event none of
these verses has supplanted those used at the 1745 public performance.
Nowadays it is usual on official occasions to sing the first verse only.
The words, expressing hopes for the Sovereign's long and prosperous reign,
are as folows:
God save our gracious Queen!
Long live our noble Queen!
God save the Queen!
Send her victorious,
Happy and glorious,
Long to reign over us,
God save the Queen.
The other traditional verses, rarely sung nowadays, are:
O Lord our God arise,
Scatter her enemies,
And make them fall;
Confound their politics,
Frustrate their knavish tricks,
On Thee our hopes we fix,
God save us all.
Thy choicest gifts in store
On her be pleased to pour;
Long may she reign.
May she defend our laws,
And ever give us cause,
To sing with heart and voice,
God save the Queen.
Use of the Tune Overseas
In addition to its use in the British national anthem the tune has
been used in several other countries.
European visitors to eighteenth-century Britain seem to have been
struck by the popularity of 'God Save the King', and to have realised the
social and political advantage of such a patriotic musical symbol. In
1763 the tune was published in Holland but its British origin was
acknowledged. In 1790 a newspaper in Denmark published a poem written for
the birthday of Christian VII to be sung to the tune of 'God Save the King'.
In 1793 a German newspaper provided a set of verses which were adopted by
a number of the German states, and the tune became so well known that many
soon believed it to be of German origin. Some time later Russia adopted
the tune, Russian verses were written for it, and the song remained in use
for state occasions until 1833, when a new national anthem was composed.
In Switzerland, the British tune has long been used in both German-speaking
and French-speaking parts, as it has in Liechtenstein. At one time Sweden
used it for a national song.
'God Save the King' was sung in the American Colonies before
independence, and use continued to be made of the tune after the creation
of the United States of America. The national song, now usually known
in the United States as 'America' ('My Country, 'tis of thee') with
words written by Dr S.F. Smith in 1831, is sung to the tune of the British
national anthem.
The great many composers who have used the tune, frequently as the
basis for sets of variations, include Haydn, Beethoven, Weber, and Brahms.