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$Unique_ID{COW00144}
$Pretitle{233A}
$Title{Antigua and Barbuda
Statistical Profile of Antigua and Barbuda}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{Central Intelligence Agency}
$Affiliation{United States Government}
$Subject{antigua
rate
million
barbuda
saint
est
since
caribbean
km
labor}
$Date{1990}
$Log{National Anthem*49500010.aud
Map of Antigua and Barbuda*0014401.scf
Flag of Antigua and Barbuda*0014402.scf
}
Country: Antigua and Barbuda
Book: CIA World Factbook
Author: Central Intelligence Agency
Affiliation: United States Government
Date: 1990
[Hear National Anthem]
[See Map of Antigua and Barbuda]
[See Flag of Antigua and Barbuda]
Statistical Profile of Antigua and Barbuda
Geography
Total area: 440 km2; land area: 440 km2; includes Redonda
Comparative area: slightly less than 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries: none
Coastline: 153 km
Maritime claims:
Contiguous zone: 24 nm
Extended economic zone: 200 nm
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Climate: tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation
Terrain: mostly low-lying limestone and coral islands with some higher
volcanic areas
Natural resources: negligible; pleasant climate fosters tourism
Land use: 18% arable land; 0% permanent crops; 7% meadows and pastures; 16%
forest and woodland; 59% other
Environment: subject to hurricanes and tropical storms (July to October);
insufficient freshwater resources; deeply indented coastline provides many
natural harbors
Note: 420 km east-southeast of Puerto Rico
People
Population: 63,711 (July 1989), growth rate 0.2% (1989)
Birth rate: 19 births/1,000 population (1989)
Death rate: 6 deaths/1,000 population (1989)
Net migration rate: - 11 migrants/1,000 population (1989)
Infant mortality rate: 11 deaths/1,000 live births (1989)
Life expectancy at birth: 70 years male, 73 years female (1989)
Total fertility rate: 1.7 children born/woman (1989)
Nationality: noun--Antiguan(s); adjective--Antiguan
Ethnic divisions: almost entirely of black African origin; some of British,
Portuguese, Lebanese, and Syrian origin
Religion: Anglican (predominant), other Protestant sects, some Roman Catholic
Language: English (official), local dialects
Literacy: 90% (est.)
Labor force: 30,000; 82% commerce and services, 11% agriculture, 7% industry
(1983)
Organized labor: Antigua and Barbuda Public Service Association (ABPSA),
membership 500; Antigua Trades and Labour Union (ATLU), 10,000 members;
Antigua Workers Union (AWU), 10,000 members (1986 est.)
Government
Long-form name: none
Type: independent state recognizing Elizabeth II as Chief of State
Capital: Saint John's
Administrative divisions: 6 parishes and 2 dependencies*; Barbuda*, Redonda*,
Saint George, Saint John, Saint Mary, Saint Paul, Saint Peter, Saint Philip
Independence: 1 November 1981 (from UK)
Constitution: 1 November 1981
Legal system: based on English common law; British Caribbean Court of Appeal
has exclusive original jurisdiction and an appellate jurisdiction
National holiday: Independence Day, 1 November (1981)
Branches: bicameral legislative, 17-member elected House of Representatives
and 17-member appointed Senate; executive--prime minister and Cabinet;
judiciary--Court of Appeals
Leaders:
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by
Governor General Sir Wilfred Ebenezer JACOBS (since 1 November 1981,
previously Governor since NA 1976);
Head of Government--Prime Minister Vere Cornwall BIRD, Sr. (since NA 1976);
Deputy Prime Minister Lester BIRD (since 1976)
Suffrage: universal suffrage at age 18
Elections: every five years; last election held 9 March 1989
Political parties and leaders: Antigua Labor Party (ALP), Vere C. Bird, Sr.,
Lester Bird; United National Democratic Party (UNDP), Dr. Ivor Heath
Voting strength: (March 1989 election) House of Representatives--ALP 15 seats,
UNDP 1 seat, independent 1 seat
Communists: negligible
Other political or pressure groups: Antigua Caribbean Liberation Movement
(ACLM), a small leftist nationalist group led by Leonard (Tim) Hector; Antigua
Trades and Labor Union (ATLU), headed by Noel Thomas
Member of: CARICOM, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ILO, IMF, ISO, OAS,
UN, UNESCO, WHO, WMO
Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Edmund Hawkins LAKE; Chancery at Suite
2H, 3400 International Drive NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone (202) 362-5211
or 5166, 5122, 5225; there is an Antiguan Consulate in Miami; US--the US
Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Antigua and Barbuda, and in his
absence, the Embassy is headed by Charge d'Affaires Reginald James McHUGH;
Embassy at Queen Elizabeth Highway, Saint John's (mailing address is FPO Miami
34054); telephone (809) 462-3505 or 3506
Flag: red with an inverted isosceles triangle based on the top edge of the
flag; the triangle contains three horizontal bands of black (top), light blue,
and white with a yellow rising sun in the black band
Economy
Overview: The economy is primarily service oriented, with tourism the single
most important determinant of economic performance. During the period 1983-86,
real GDP expanded at an annual average rate of 8%, led by the strong tourism
and construction sectors. Tourism's contribution to GDP, as measured by value
added in hotels and restaurants, rose from about 14% in 1983 to 17% in 1987,
and stimulated growth in other sectors--particularly in construction,
communications, and public utilities. During the same period the combined
share of agriculture and manufacturing declined from 12% to less than 10%.
Antigua and Barbuda is one of the few areas in the Caribbean experiencing a
labor shortage in some sectors of the economy.
GDP: $215 million, per capita $3,380; real growth rate 7.5% (1987 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1.0% (1987)
Unemployment rate: 10% (1987)
Budget: revenues $70 million; expenditures $140 million, including capital
expenditures of $76 million (1987 est.)
Exports: $30.8 est. million, including reexports of $13 million (f.o.b.,
1987); commodities--petroleum products 46%, manufactures 29%, food and live
animals 14%, machinery and transport equipment 11%; partners--Trinidad and
Tobago 40%, Barbados 8%, US 0.3%
Imports: $278.9 million (c.i.f., 1987 est.); commodities--food and live
animals, machinery and transport equipment, manufactures, chemicals, oil;
partners--US 27%, UK 14%, CARICOM 7%, Canada 4%, other 48%
External debt: $245.4 million (1987)
Industrial production: growth rate 10% (1987)
Electricity: 48,800 kW capacity; 89 million kWh produced, 1,400 kWh per capita
(1988)
Industries: tourism, construction, light manufacturing (clothing, alcohol,
household appliances)
Agriculture: cotton, sugar, livestock
Aid: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-80),
$20 million
Currency: East Caribbean dollar (plural--dollars); 1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100
cents
Exchange rates: East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US $1--2.70 (fixed rate since
1976)
Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March
Communications
Railroads: 64 km 0.760-meter narrow gauge and 13 km 0.610-meter gauge used
almost exclusively for handling sugarcane
Highways: 240 km
Ports: St. John's
Merchant marine: 58 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 193,257 GRT/291,504
DWT; includes 39 cargo, 1 refrigerated cargo, 8 container, 5 roll-on/roll-off
cargo, 2 chemical tanker, 2 liquefied gas, 1 short-sea passenger
Civil air: 10 major transport aircraft
Airports: 2 total, 2 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways
2,440-3,659 m
Telecommunications: good automatic telephone system; 6,700 telephones;
tropospheric scatter links with Saba and Guadeloupe; stations--4 AM, 2 FM, 2
TV, 2 shortwave; 1 coaxial submarine cable; 1 satellite ground station
Defense Forces
Branches: Antigua and Barbuda Defense Force, Royal Antigua and Barbuda Police
Force (includes the Coast Guard)
Military manpower: NA
Military budget: NA