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- REVIEWS, Page 76BOOKSThe Physicist As Magician
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- By MICHAEL D. LEMONICK
-
- TITLE: GENIUS: THE LIFE AND SCIENCE OF RICHARD FEYNMAN
- AUTHOR: James Gleick
- PUBLISHER: Pantheon; 531 pages; $27.50
-
- THE BOTTOM LINE: A monumental portrait of one of the
- giants of modern science, at once definitive and crystal clear.
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- "There are two kinds of geniuses," the eminent
- mathematician Mark Kac once remarked. "An ordinary genius is a
- fellow that you and I would be just as good as, if we were only
- many times better." The other kind Kac called magicians. "Even
- after we understand what they have done, the process by which
- they have done it is completely dark . . . Richard Feynman is
- a magician of the highest caliber."
-
- That may come as a surprise to those who have read
- Feynman's two popular autobiographies, Surely You're Joking, Mr.
- Feynman! and What Do You Care What Other People Think?, or to
- those who watched him dip a bit of rubber in ice water during
- the Challenger accident investigation, making it crack and
- proving that cold temperatures had led to the space shuttle's
- 1986 crash. Feynman's public image was that of a skirt-chasing,
- bongo-playing wise guy, a man who thought he was smarter than
- anyone else, and who therefore probably deserved to be taken
- down a peg.
-
- Yet as James Gleick makes clear in his monumental and
- deeply thoughtful biography, the Brooklyn-bred and -accented
- Feynman, who died of cancer in 1990 at 72, really was smarter
- than just about anyone else. He was a physicist's physicist who
- saw more deeply into the workings of nature than anyone but
- Einstein and perhaps a handful of others. His greatest
- achievement was the theory of quantum electrodynamics, which
- described the behavior of subatomic particles, atoms, light,
- electricity and magnetism. He also made significant
- contributions to areas outside his own field, including
- astrophysics, solid-state physics and computer science -- a rare
- breadth of accomplishment in the rigidly specialized scientific
- world.
-
- What made Feynman a magician, though, was not any one of
- these achievements by itself, but the way he went about them.
- One of the common-nonsensical premises of quantum physics is
- that particles can travel from one place to another without
- traversing the space in between, and Feynman's thought process
- seemed to go from problem to solution in just about the same
- way. He rarely studied what was already known about a problem
- before attacking it. He was more interested in getting the
- solution than in doing the problem according to the rules, and
- he often ended up reinventing physics as he went.
-
- This focus on answers rather than methods first became
- evident when Feynman led the math team in high school in Far
- Rockaway, New York. As undergraduates at M.I.T., he and a
- friend, Theodore Welton, re-created for themselves much of the
- physics discovered in the quantum revolution that had taken
- place in Europe during the 1920s. And although he shared the
- 1965 Nobel Prize for the theory of quantum electrodynamics with
- Julian Schwinger and Shin'ichiro Tomonaga, Feynman had an
- approach that was typically bizarre. Instead of using
- conventional calculations, he invented "Feynman diagrams,"
- arrows and squiggles that mapped the comings and goings of
- particles so effectively that they are now a standard tool of
- physicists.
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- Relying in part on sources never before made available to
- the public, Gleick explains with crystal clarity the paradoxes
- of quantum physics -- a subject that Feynman himself said
- nobody understands -- just as he laid bare the arcana of higher
- mathematics in his 1987 best seller, Chaos. Gleick also uncovers
- some of the forces that created a man who could devotedly nurse
- his first wife as she lay dying of tuberculosis in a sanatorium a
- few miles from the wartime Manhattan Project, where he worked,
- yet later in life could make a sport out of picking women up in
- bars; a man who despised hero worship yet wrote books in which
- he was the hero; a man who rarely taught classes or took on
- doctoral students but is regarded as one of physics' great
- teachers. If some questions remain about exactly what made
- Feynman Feynman, and not just a garden-variety genius, that is
- no fault of Gleick's. A magician who reveals all his secrets,
- even from beyond the grave, is a magician no longer.
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