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- THE WEEK, Page 24HEALTH & SCIENCEFaulty Circuits
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- Bad brain wiring may underlie obsessive-compulsive disorder
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- Chronic acute anxieties about sex, violence and contamination
- are bizarre and debilitating. Sufferers of so-called
- obsessive-compulsive disorder -- about 2% of populations
- worldwide -- constantly repeat such simple actions as washing
- their hands, manically checking doors and stoves, and hoarding
- newspapers. Scientists who have long suspected that a key
- problem is a malfunction in the brain's circuitry now have
- strong evidence to support that idea. According to researchers
- at the University of California, Los Angeles, successful
- behavior-modification therapy and drug treatment both have a
- marked effect on a central region of the brain that governs the
- learning of habits and routines.
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- In their study, published in Archives of General
- Psychiatry, one group of patients was treated by scientists with
- the drug Prozac while those in the second group met regularly
- with a therapist who worked on helping them acquire control over
- their senseless fears and urges through deconditioning
- exercises. In 10 weeks, about two-thirds of the patients in both
- groups had improved. Brain scans of responsive patients showed
- a decrease in metabolic activity in the brain's right caudate
- nucleus.
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- Normally, the caudate nucleus filters the flood of anxious
- feelings and sensations that are relayed from the orbital
- cortex, an area of the brain just above the eyes, and sends only
- the significant ones on to the thalamus for further action. But
- in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder, says
- neuroscientist Lewis Baxter, who led the team, the caudate
- nucleus is "a poor executive officer. He's bombarded with
- messages from worrywarts. But instead of setting priorities, he
- gets excited about all the messages and passes them on to the
- dispatcher."
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