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- THE WEEK, Page 17HEALTH & SCIENCEGrim Fallout from Chernobyl
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- Sooner than expected, cancer begins to hit children who were
- downwind
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- One of the most disturbing predictions following the near
- meltdown of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant on April 26, 1986,
- was that cancer cases would eventually begin to rise in areas
- affected by fallout from the accident. What no one suspected was
- that it would happen so soon, or that many of the first victims
- would be children. Two reports in Nature, one by the World
- Health Organization and one by health officials in Belarus, the
- ex-Soviet republic that was immediately downwind from Chernobyl
- on that fateful day, indicate that childhood thyroid cancer has
- skyrocketed from an average of four cases a year to about 60.
- Most severely affected was the Gomel region, hit first by the
- radiation: the thyroid cancer rate there is now about 80 times
- the world average. "The only reasonable explanation," write the
- Belarus officials, "is that it is a direct consequence of the
- accident at Chernobyl."
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- In retrospect, the phenomenon makes sense: the thyroid
- gland tends to concentrate iodine ingested by the body, and
- radioactive iodine was released in bulk during the accident.
- Moreover, radiation is known to cause thyroid cancer, and
- children are especially susceptible. But previous studies of
- nuclear accidents in Britain and the U.S. and studies of
- nuclear-weapons testing in Japan and the South Pacific have
- failed to prove a fallout-cancer correlation conclusively. The
- probable difference this time: the radiation was more highly
- concentrated and hit a heavily populated area.
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