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- REVIEWS, Page 69BOOKSCollision of Cultures
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- By JOHN SKOW
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- TITLE: FATHERS AND CROWS
- AUTHOR: William T. Vollmann
- PUBLISHER: Viking; 990 pages; $30
-
- THE BOTTOM LINE: The second bleak volume in a relentlessly
- pessimistic novel cycle about the coming of white men to North
- America.
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- At the age of 32, novelist William Vollmann displays the
- exasperating immaturities of a precocious teenager. He is a
- self-mythologizer who refers to himself with heavy irony as
- "William the Blind." He is utterly and humorlessly self-absorbed
- and believes his own sensibility to be unique. He rolls out for
- display every nut and grain that he has squirreled.
-
- Given this, and a good deal more that is off-putting,
- Viking deserves much credit for taking on the titanic
- seven-novel cycle that Vollmann calls Seven Dreams: A Book of
- North American Landscapes. The theme is mighty -- the repeated
- collisions between European and Native American cultures -- and
- perhaps no one with a realistic view of what is possible would
- have attempted it. But Vollmann's long and relentless chronicle
- is worth the patience it requires.
-
- The cycle's first volume was The Ice-Shirt, a brooding
- narration of the settling of Greenland and Vinland. Fathers and
- Crows has six glossaries, endless footnotes, maps and epigraphs,
- a 47-page biography of St. Ignatius Loyola and nearly 1,000
- pages. It relates Jesuit efforts to convert Huron and Iroquois
- Indians in the early 17th century, but the author prepares his
- narration so thoroughly that major characters are not introduced
- before the book's tardy midpoint.
-
- This gloomy and roughly powerful novel is not a
- politically correct sermon on cultural diversity. There are no
- heroes of tolerance here, native or otherwise, although Vollmann
- grudgingly admires Samuel de Champlain, the stodgy soldier who
- founded Quebec. French lay explorers craved beaver pelts. The
- priestly black gowns wore hair shirts and spiked girdles in
- self-mortification, and lusted to harvest souls. They strove to
- break down native sexual and religious customs, but, as Vollmann
- tells it, were more tolerant of the Indians' prolonged and
- joyous ritual torture of captured enemies. Tribes sold their
- souls (literally) as dearly as possible, in return for iron
- hatchets, copper cook pots, measles and smallpox, a few guns
- and, rather late in the game, brandy. When they could, they
- caught the Jesuits and tortured them, thus increasing the
- clerics' chances of canonization. (Pere Jean de Brebeuf, one of
- the murdered Jesuits, was made a saint in 1930).
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- The black gowns returned the favor. Catherine Tekakwitha,
- a 24-year-old Iroquois virgin who died of self-mortification in
- 1680, having been convinced that her animal nature was sinful
- and must be scourged, was declared blessed by Pope John Paul II
- three centuries later. So ends a chronicle in which fanaticism
- and torture become indistinguishable. And in which the most
- fully rounded character is that of the obsessed and eccentric
- author, interrupting himself constantly with marginal ironies
- and references to his own 20th century travels, looking on in
- fascination and disgust, and wishing all dogmatists, as he says
- in his dedication, "a warm stay in Hell."
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