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- ISRAEL, Page 44Hold the Euphoria
-
- Labor's victory could bring considerable new vigor to the
- Middle East peace negotiations, but reaching a solution is still
- a tough game
-
- By LISA BEYER/JERUSALEM -- With reporting by Dean Fischer/Cairo
- and J.F.O. McAllister/Washington
-
-
- Arabs are ecstatic. Washington is pleased. Half, at least,
- of Israel is cheering. Compared with the alternative of a Shamir
- victory, Labor's electoral triumph is such good news for the
- Middle East peace process that deflating expectations almost
- seems churlish. Nevertheless, it is clear that attaining a
- comprehensive peace will be no romp in the garden for Labor
- leader Yitzhak Rabin when he becomes Prime Minister, even
- though his promise to accelerate negotiations brings a real
- commitment -- always lacking in Shamir -- to address the
- substance of a settlement.
-
- As all parties prepare for the next round of talks to get
- under way in Rome, it is easy to forget just who Rabin is. He
- is, after all, the former Defense Minister who ordered his army
- to use "force, strength and blows" to stop the intifadeh. He is
- the ex-general who, during Israel's 1982 invasion of Lebanon,
- proposed tightening up the siege on Beirut by cutting off food
- and water to the populace. This reserved, taciturn man is no
- tender heart, no dove.
-
- Still, the ebullient mood in most capitals reflects optimism
- that Rabin can make a difference. Despite his record -- or
- perhaps because of it -- he may be far more able than Shamir to
- come to terms with the Arabs. He has pledged not only to grant
- substantial autonomy to the Palestinians in the West Bank and
- Gaza in the immediate future, but also to give back at least
- part of the land itself one day. And because of his demonstrated
- toughness, he is trusted by his compatriots to make a deal that
- will not sell Israel out.
-
- An agreement on autonomy ought to be reasonably easy to
- reach. While Shamir's government did little to narrow the gap
- between its modest notions of self-rule and the demands by the
- Palestinians for a virtually sovereign state, Rabin suggests he
- will offer a relatively generous deal, giving the Palestinians
- control over everything but security, foreign affairs, borders
- and Jewish settlements. The danger is that the Palestinians,
- flushed with hope, will demand still more. But with Washington
- in full accord, Rabin could well fulfill his campaign promise to
- strike a deal within a year.
-
- The key move for both Washington and the Palestinians is
- Rabin's intention to slow the growth of Jewish settlements in
- the territories. He rejects the all-out freeze that the
- Palestinians have demanded and the Bush Administration would
- prefer, but has made plans to abolish financial incentives for
- building what he calls "political settlements" -- those in
- populated Palestinian areas that the Labor Party might one day
- relinquish in a land-for-peace swap.
-
- That alone should improve Israel's strained relations with
- Washington and prod the Bush Administration into reconsidering
- the $10 billion in loan guarantees Jerusalem wants to help
- resettle Russian Jews. Insofar as the settlement imbroglio was
- part of a campaign to show Israeli voters that the U.S.
- relationship was in jeopardy under Shamir, it has done its
- work. In part, the President simply likes Rabin better than the
- stubborn Shamir; moreover, caught in a tough presidential race,
- Bush would like to repair his relations with American Jewish
- voters.
-
- But a renewed coziness between the U.S. and Israel may cost
- Washington some of the credibility it gained in the Arab world
- when it balked on the guarantees. At the same time, Rabin's plan
- to focus his peace efforts on the Palestinians, leaving Israel's
- conflict with the Syrians for later, may, according to some
- Middle East watchers, provoke Damascus to try to disrupt the
- negotiations. Of all Israel's neighbors, the Syrians were the
- least enthusiastic about Rabin's victory. Some experts believe
- Damascus views the results with fear and loathing because any
- rapprochement between Jerusalem and Washington is regarded as
- a loss of influence for Syria. Others insist that President
- Hafez Assad may seize the opportunity offered by Rabin's
- election to show more flexibility, in order to steer the
- negotiations in a direction more to his liking. Whatever Syria's
- direction, for any progress to be made, all the Arabs will have
- to match Rabin in moderation.
-
- The most auspicious new element in the peace process is
- Rabin's belief in territorial compromise, but that it is the
- hardest thing to accomplish. Polls show that large numbers of
- Israelis continue to oppose land concessions, and the
- relatively hawkish Rabin rejects the idea of returning all the
- territory captured during the 1967 war. But, says Israeli
- political scientist Ehud Sprinzak, "you won't be hearing from
- the Israeli spokesmen anymore about the sanctity of Eretz
- Yisrael," a catchphrase in Israel that includes the West Bank
- and Gaza Strip.
-
- For the moment, the election results suggest that the
- national consensus for Rabin's view is strong. Yet the anger
- and anxiety of the 120,000 Jewish settlers, not to mention
- Likud's solid minority, remain an impediment to any permanent
- solution. The hope is that Rabin is smart and tough enough to
- keep Jewish opposition in check. His previous tenure as Prime
- Minister in the mid-1970s was plodding and inept and ended in
- scandal. Friends say he has changed. And so, perhaps, have a
- majority of Israelis, who now appear to be more interested in
- solving the Arab conflict than in worshipping an ideology.
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