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- WORLD, Page 42SAUDI ARABIAA Modest Step Forward
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- King Fahd loosens his grip on the government
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- Fifteen years ago, when King Fahd was still Crown Prince, he
- pledged to establish a citizens' consultative council upon
- ascending Saudi Arabia's throne. But after he came to power in
- 1982, Fahd found ample excuses to confine decision making within
- a narrow family circle. Then came Iraq's 1990 invasion of Kuwait
- and the subsequent arrival of more than 500,000 U.S. troops in
- the region. While President Bush maintained that Desert Storm
- was not designed to promote democracy in the gulf's
- oilagarchies, the campaign to liberate Kuwait prodded
- conservative Arab rulers to broaden public participation.
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- Last week King Fahd finally introduced modest but
- significant political reforms. He extended the concept of shura
- (consultation) beyond the informal tradition of hearing
- petitions from private citizens. In an 83-article decree, he
- announced plans to establish a 60-member consultative council,
- and he also codified governmental protections of personal
- freedoms for 7 million subjects and 5 million foreign residents.
- Since the edict also affirmed the absolute authority of the
- monarch, it neither transforms Saudi Arabia into a model
- democracy nor positions Fahd as a regional pioneer. The Emir of
- Kuwait, for instance, has made a bolder pledge: to hold
- parliamentary elections next fall. Nonetheless, Fahd's decree
- represents a serious step toward including nonroyal voices in
- policy discussion.
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- Tellingly, the first of the articles declares that the
- reforms are all grounded in Muslim theology. By affirming his
- devotion to Islam, the monarch hopes to enlist the support of
- clerics and scholars. Without their backing, Fahd risks losing
- control of the ideological battleground between progressive
- middle-class Saudis and conservative religious extremists, who
- have launched a campaign denouncing secular influences. In
- recent months fundamentalists have increased their harassment
- of women who dress "immodestly" and have intruded into homes
- where people are suspected of drinking alcohol. Fahd's decree
- bans such actions.
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- The composition of the new council remains a mystery. It
- may embrace only technocrats or include religious and tribal
- leaders as well. "This is just the beginning of a process of
- building a political system," says Shireen Hunter, of
- Washington's Center for Strategic and International Studies. It
- may create new unpre dictability, but it should also reinforce
- public support for the regime.
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