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- ENVIRONMENT, Page 68BEST OF 1991
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- 1. ANTARCTICA TREATY
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- Believe it or not, the White Continent has already been
- fouled by oil spills and garbage dumps, but efforts are under
- way to prevent further damage. All but two of the 26 nations
- that jointly set policy on Antarctica, including the U.S.,
- agreed on a treaty that will ban mining and mineral exploration
- on the continent for at least 50 years.
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- 2. JOHN SUNUNU'S RESIGNATION
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- The White House chief of staff was notorious for his
- hostility to environmentalists and their agenda. If it was good
- for the earth but bad for business, Sununu's opposition
- generally persuaded the President -- witness the
- Administration's refusal to take global warming seriously.
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- 3. TOXINS RECONSIDERED
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- Fresh studies and new interpretations of old data
- suggested that some feared substances -- dioxin, radon and
- asbestos -- were less toxic or carcinogenic than previously
- thought. They aren't exactly part of a complete breakfast, but
- slight exposures aren't inevitably fatal either.
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- 4. DERAILMENT OF THE ENERGY BILL
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- The Johnston-Wallop energy bill in the Senate downplayed
- conservation, boosted nuclear power and called for oil
- exploration in Alaska's pristine Arctic National Wildlife
- Refuge. It was this last provision that sparked the threat of
- a filibuster, forcing the bill's sponsors to bail out.
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- 5. DRIFT NETS BACK IN THE DOCK
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- After years of moral and political pressure from around
- the world, Japan finally agreed that its commercial fishing
- fleets would stop using drift nets by the end of 1992. These
- enormous webworks float through the oceans, efficiently
- gathering up food fish but also killing dolphins and other
- marine mammals.
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- . . . AND THE WORST
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- 1. VANISHING OZONE
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- The Antarctic ozone hole has gone global. Under assault by
- man-made chlorofluorocarbons, levels of the vital stratospheric
- gas have begun to decline over temperate latitudes both north
- and south of the equator, including the skies above most of the
- continental U.S. The thinning ozone layer lets more solar
- ultraviolet light reach the ground, and the incidence of skin
- cancer and cataracts is likely to rise as a result.
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- 2. GULF WAR
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- The impact of bombs and marauding armies was bad enough.
- So why did Iraq have to dump millions of gallons of oil into
- the fragile waters of the Persian Gulf and thus devastate its
- marine life? And set an estimated 650 oil-well fires that spewed
- untold tons of smoke into the air? Some of the direst
- predictions, including altered weather patterns across Asia,
- failed to materialize, and the well fires were put out in only
- eight months (actually faster than expected). But in Kuwait
- itself, the air remained acrid the whole time, and the oil that
- seeped into the sandy soil will stay there for years.
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- 3. MOUNT PINATUBO'S ERUPTION
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- The big blowup of 1991 rained volcanic ash on the
- Philippines and triggered massive mudslides. It also lofted 15
- million to 20 million tons of sulfur dioxide high into the
- atmosphere, creating droplets of sulfuric acid that will reflect
- some of the sun's heat back into space. That could hold off
- global warming for a few years, but when the volcanic gas
- dissipates, The earth could make up for lost time and heat up
- uncomfortably fast.
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- 4. WHITE HOUSE ON WETLANDS
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- During his presidential campaign, George Bush promised "no
- net loss of wetlands." But under pressure from business, his
- Administration proposed a new definition of a wetland that would
- open at least 12 million hectares (30 million acres) of
- off-limits land to development. It was a good try, but
- opposition prompted the White House to back away, at least
- temporarily, from a policy change that was all wet.
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- 5. BIOSPHERE 2
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- Eight Biosphereans in color-coordinated jumpsuits plan to
- spend two years in an enclosed 1.3-hectare (3.15-acre) microcosm
- of earth. But since real scientists do not understand even
- simple ecosystems yet, the idea that anyone can accurately
- simulate an entire world is just short of ridiculous.
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