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- ENVIRONMENT, Page 57THE BEST OF 1992
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- 1. Al Gore's Election
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- Only a year ago, environmentalists were resigned to
- spending four more years as voices crying in the wilderness. The
- anti-ecology Bush-Quayle Administration looked tough to beat,
- and among the Democrats who weren't going to try was Al Gore,
- author of the environmental manifesto Earth in the Balance. Now
- that he will head Clinton's green team, look for efforts to
- boost energy efficiency, preserve wetlands and reduce global
- warming. But don't assume that the more controversial ideas in
- Gore's book, like taxes on carbon-dioxide emissions, will win
- approval from his boss, much less Congress.
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- 2. Ozone Rescue
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- An ozone hole over Antarctica that threatened more
- penguins than people was one thing, but when scientists said a
- similar hole might soon open over heavily populated areas of the
- Northern Hemisphere, world leaders were scared into action. They
- toughened the 1987 Montreal Protocol by speeding up the phaseout
- of CFCs and other chemicals that destroy the ozone layer.
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- 3. The U.S. Energy Bill
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- It wasn't ideal, but the Energy Policy Act of 1992
- included incentives for renewable energy, set efficiency
- standards for appliances and mandated use of nonpetroleum fuel
- in some of the government's vehicles. Best of all, Congress
- dropped President Bush's plan to sell oil-drilling leases in the
- pristine Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.
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- 4. The E-Lamp Light Bulb
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- Standard light bulbs glow by sending electric current
- through a filament or gas. But there are better ways to get a
- shine. The E-Lamp, designed by the Silicon Valley firms
- Intersource Technologies Inc. and Diablo Research, sets phosphor
- glowing by bombarding it with radio waves. When the bulbs go on
- the market next year, they will cost up to $20 each, but they
- should last about 14 years and save more than enough energy to
- be worth the price.
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- 5. Pollution-Rights Trading
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- Pollution became a hot commodity as utilities began
- trading the right to emit sulfur dioxide, a cause of acid rain.
- The cleanest companies profit by selling pollution "credits,"
- while dirtier utilities pay for their excesses -- all while
- keeping the nation as a whole within clean-air limits. Next year
- watch for sulfur-dioxide emissions to join pork bellies on the
- Chicago Board of Trade.
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- ...AND THE WORST
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- Overpopulation
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- Reports of runaway birthrates fueled Malthusian fears,
- though Malthus himself could never have envisioned the severe
- environmental degradation caused by the earth's 5.4 billion
- inhabitants. The latest U.N. projections show that the human
- family is growing much faster than previously thought: the
- world's population is expected to almost double, to 10 billion,
- by 2050.
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- Whale Hunting
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- For six years member nations of the International Whaling
- Commission have respected its ban on hunting minke whales --
- majestic creatures that can reach 30 ft. (9 m) in length. But
- last summer Norway decided the whales were too plentiful to
- become extinct and said its boats would hunt the minke again.
- Iceland went further, quitting the IWC altogether.
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- Damming of the Danube
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- The beautiful blue Danube is threatened by the nearly
- complete Gabcikovo Dam, which stretches across the river between
- Hungary and Slovakia. The Hungarians formally abandoned the
- project last spring, arguing that flooding would damage
- wetlands. But the Slovaks claimed that too much work and money
- had already gone into the project and pressed on.
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- Brazilian Scandal
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- When he took office as President of Brazil in 1990,
- Fernando Collor de Mello promised that protecting the Amazon
- rain forest would be a top priority. Collor did earn praise for
- hosting the Earth Summit and setting aside a huge reserve for
- indigenous rain forest dwellers, but critics charged that the
- President's main priority was feathering his own nest, and the
- resulting corruption scandal forced him from office.
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- Earth Summit
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- The June megameeting in Rio made world leaders focus on
- ecology, and press coverage raised the level of green
- consciousness around the planet. So far, however, follow-up has
- been minimal, and the Earth Summit has to be deemed a
- disappointment. The summiteers made no progress at all toward
- solving some of the planet's most pressing problems, including
- forest destruction and overpopulation.
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