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CP(1L) CP(1L)
NNAAMMEE
cp - copy files
SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
ccpp [options] source dest
ccpp [options] source... directory
Options:
[-abdfilprsuvxPR] [-S backup-suffix] [-V {num-
bered,existing,simple}] [--backup] [--no-dereference]
[--force] [--interactive] [--one-file-system] [--preserve]
[--recursive] [--update] [--verbose] [--suffix=backup-
suffix] [--version-control={numbered,existing,simple}]
[--archive] [--path] [--link] [--symbolic-link] [--help]
[--version]
DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
This manual page documents the GNU version of ccpp. If the
last argument names an existing directory, ccpp copies each
other given file into a file with the same name in that
directory. Otherwise, if only two files are given, it
copies the first onto the second. It is an error if the
last argument is not a directory and more than two files
are given. By default, it does not copy directories.
OOPPTTIIOONNSS
_-_a_, _-_-_a_r_c_h_i_v_e
Preserve as much as possible of the structure and
attributes of the original files in the copy. The
same as _-_d_p_R.
_-_b_, _-_-_b_a_c_k_u_p
Make backups of files that are about to be over-
written or removed.
_-_d_, _-_-_n_o_-_d_e_r_e_f_e_r_e_n_c_e
Copy symbolic links as symbolic links rather than
copying the files that they point to, and preserve
hard link relationships between source files in the
copies.
_-_f_, _-_-_f_o_r_c_e
Remove existing destination files.
_-_i_, _-_-_i_n_t_e_r_a_c_t_i_v_e
Prompt whether to overwrite existing regular desti-
nation files.
_-_l_, _-_-_l_i_n_k
Make hard links instead of copies of non-
directories.
_-_P_, _-_-_p_a_t_h
Form the pathname of each destination file by
appending to the target directory a slash and the
FSF GNU File Utilities 1
CP(1L) CP(1L)
pathname of the source file. The last argument
given to ccpp must be the name of an existing direc-
tory. For example, the command `cp --path a/b/c
existing_dir' copies the file _a_/_b_/_c to _e_x_i_s_t_-
_i_n_g___d_i_r_/_a_/_b_/_c_, creating any missing intermediate
directories.
_-_p_, _-_-_p_r_e_s_e_r_v_e
Preserve the original files' owner, group, permis-
sions, and timestamps.
_-_r Copy directories recursively, copying all non-
directories as if they were regular files.
_-_s_, _-_-_s_y_m_b_o_l_i_c_-_l_i_n_k
Make symbolic links instead of copies of non-
directories. All source files must be absolute
pathnames (starting with `/') unless the destina-
tion files are in the current directory. This
option produces an error message on systems that do
not support symbolic links.
_-_u_, _-_-_u_p_d_a_t_e
Do not copy a nondirectory that has an existing
destination with the same or newer modification
time.
_-_v_, _-_-_v_e_r_b_o_s_e
Print the name of each file before copying it.
_-_x_, _-_-_o_n_e_-_f_i_l_e_-_s_y_s_t_e_m
Skip subdirectories that are on different filesys-
tems from the one that the copy started on.
_-_R_, _-_-_r_e_c_u_r_s_i_v_e
Copy directories recursively.
_-_-_h_e_l_p Print a usage message and exit with a non-zero sta-
tus.
_-_-_v_e_r_s_i_o_n
Print version information on standard error then
exit.
_-_S_, _-_-_s_u_f_f_i_x _b_a_c_k_u_p_-_s_u_f_f_i_x
The suffix used for making simple backup files can
be set with the SSIIMMPPLLEE__BBAACCKKUUPP__SSUUFFFFIIXX environment
variable, which can be overridden by this option.
If neither of those is given, the default is `~',
as it is in Emacs.
_-_V_, _-_-_v_e_r_s_i_o_n_-_c_o_n_t_r_o_l _{_n_u_m_b_e_r_e_d_,_e_x_i_s_t_i_n_g_,_s_i_m_p_l_e_}
The type of backups made can be set with the VVEERR--
SSIIOONN__CCOONNTTRROOLL environment variable, which can be
FSF GNU File Utilities 2
CP(1L) CP(1L)
overridden by this option. If VVEERRSSIIOONN__CCOONNTTRROOLL is
not set and this option is not given, the default
backup type is `existing'. The value of the VVEERR--
SSIIOONN__CCOONNTTRROOLL environment variable and the argument
to this option are like the GNU Emacs `version-
control' variable; they also recognize synonyms
that are more descriptive. The valid values are
(unique abbreviations are accepted):
`t' or `numbered'
Always make numbered backups.
`nil' or `existing'
Make numbered backups of files that already
have them, simple backups of the others.
`never' or `simple'
Always make simple backups.
FSF GNU File Utilities 3