^B{^#!16!30 August^N! Feast day of Saints Felix and Audauctus, St Fantinus, St Pammachius, St Margaret Ward, and St Ruan or Rumon.
^B{1762^B} The French defeated Frederick II, King of Prussia, at Johannesburg. ^B{1860^B} The first British tramway, operated by the Birkenhead Street Railway, was inaugurated by an American, George Francis Train. ^B{1862^B} 'Stonewall' Jackson led the Confederates to victory at the second Battle of Bull Run, in Virginia, during the American Civil War. ^B{1881^B} The first stereo system, for a telephonic broadcasting service, was patented in Germany by Clement Adler. ^B{1901^B} Hubert Cecil Booth patented the vacuum cleaner. ^B{1916^B} Paul von Hindenburg became Chief of the General Staff of Germany. ^B{1939^B} In anticipation of German bombing, the great evacuation of children from British cities began, four days before the outbreak of World War II. ^B{1941^B} The siege of Leningrad by German forces began (ended in Jan 1943). ^B{1963^B} To reduce the risk of accidental nuclear war, the 'Hotline' between the US President and the Soviet Premier was established.
^B{^I{^#!14!Born ^N}Jacques Louis David, French painter, ^B{1748^B}; Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, English writer, ^B{1797^B}; Ernest Rutherford, New Zealand physicist, ^B{1871^B}; Raymond Massey, Canadian film actor, ^B{1896^B}; Fred MacMurray, US film actor, ^B{1908^B}; Denis Healey, British politician, ^B{1917^B}; Jean Claude Killy, French ski champion, ^B{1943^B}.^B}
^B{^I{^#!14!Died ^N}Cleopatra, queen of Egypt, ^B{30 BC^B}; Louis XI, King of France, ^B{1483^B}; John Ross, Scottish explorer, ^B{1856^B}; Georges Sorel, French socialist philosopher, ^B{1922^B}; J(oseph) J(ohn) Thomson, English physicist, ^B{1940^B}.
