^B{^#!16!3 August^N! Feast day of St Walthen or Waltheof, St Germanus of Auxerre, and St Thomas of Hales or Dover.
^B{1492^B} Christopher Columbus left Palos de la Frontera in Andalusia, Spain, on his first voyage of discovery. ^B{1778^B} La Scala opera house opened in Milan, Italy. ^B{1858^B} Lake Victoria, the source of the Nile, was discovered by the English explorer John Speke. ^B{1904^B} A British expedition, led by Col Francis E Younghusband, became the first westerners to enter the 'Forbidden City' of Lhasa, Tibet. ^B{1914^B} Germany declared war on France. ^B{1914^B} The first ships passed through the completed Panama Canal. ^B{1940^B} Latvia was incorporated into the USSR as a constituent republic. ^B{1958^B} The USS ^I{Nautilus^I}, the first nuclear submarine, passed under the North Pole. ^B{1963^B} The Beatles played The Cavern in their home town, Liverpool, for the last time.
^B{^I{^#!14!Born ^N}Joseph Paxton, English architect, ^B{1801^B}; Stanley Baldwin, British statesman, ^B{1867^B}; King Haakon VII of Norway, ^B{1872^B}; Rupert Brooke, English poet, ^B{1887^B}; Tony Bennett, US singer, ^B{1926^B}; Martin Sheen, US actor, ^B{1940^B}; Osvaldo Ardiles, Argentine footballer, ^B{1953^B}.^B}
^B{^I{^#!14!Died ^N}James II, King of Scotland, ^B{1460^B}; Richard Arkwright, English inventor, ^B{1792^B}; Roger Casement, Irish nationalist, ^B{1916^B}; Joseph Conrad, British novelist, ^B{1924^B}; Colette, French novelist, ^B{1954^B}; Lenny Bruce, US comedian, ^B{1966^B}.
