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FINANCE MANAGER II
GETTING STARTED
USER'S MANUAL
Version 1.2
Hooper International
P.O. Box 62219
Colorado Springs, CO 80962
Copyright (C) 1986 '87 '88 by Hooper International, Inc.
All rights reserved.
EVALUATION COPY NOTICE
This evaluation copy of Finance Manager II - General Ledger is
provided as User-Supported software. Please see section 8 in this
manual for details of this marketing approach.
This evaluation disk provides our complete Finance Manager - General
Ledger module package. We have completely re-written this program in
order to provide a common menu interface with our other software
packages. Because of this common Master Menu interface, some users
think that part of this General Ledger module is missing. This is not
so, each software module is sold separately (see order form at back of
manual) in order to keep the cost down on modules and functions users
may not need. In fact many small businesses may never require other
financial modules thus saving unnecessary costs and overhead.
Due to disk space limitations however the Graphics capabilities could
not be included in this evaluation copy. With your registered copy
the graphics function will work on the IBM Graphics, Hercules or other
compatible display boards.
This Evaluation Copy of Finance Manager II is provided to allow you to
use and try out this program before purchasing it. This copy will
allow you to enter up to 11 months of transactions which allows ample
time to determine its use for your application. This software took
over two years to create and thus we have limited the transaction
inputs (11 months) to encourage those who are using this program to
register their copy.
We are proud to present this new version for your inspection and,
should you choose to use it, ask that you continue to support FINANCE
MANAGER by promptly paying your registration fee. With your help, you
may continue to count on our help. Moreover, we want you to know that
we sincerely appreciate your cooperation, as well as your faith in us.
MANUAL ARCHIVE CREDIT
This Finance Manager manual was archived (compressed) using the user-
supported ARCE file utility distributed by System Enhancement
Associates. We thank them for allowing us to use this utility to
compress this manual.
If you are interested in this archive utility please request
information at the address below:
System Enhancement Associates
21 New Street
Wayne, NJ 07470
RESTRICTED PERMISSION TO COPY
FINANCE MANAGER is not a public domain program. It is Copyright (C)
1986 '87 '88 by Hooper International.
Clubs and other non-profit organizations are granted permission by
Hooper International to copy the evaluation version of this program,
as well as its documentation, for member use only. It is imperative
that you be aware that said member use is subject to the following
strictly-enforced restrictions:
No price may be charged, by club or user group, for the software
or documentation. A distribution fee may be charged solely for
the cost of the diskette, as long as the total charge does not
exceed $10.
It is imperative that club members be informed of the
user-support concept, which allows them to become familiar with
FINANCE MANAGER through evaluation and hands-on use. It is also
imperative that member users be informed that the program as well
as its documentation is the sole property of Hooper
International. Members, without exception, must be encouraged to
support its use by sending their user payments directly to Hooper
International.
The program or documentation is fully protected by Hooper
International and may not be modified in any way or manner
whatsoever. The complete package must be distributed intact, as
a self-complementing unit.
Reproduction or translation of any part of this work, without the
written permission of the copyright owner, is unlawful.
Copyright (C) 1986, '87, '88 Hooper International
i
WARRANTY INFORMATION
HOOPER INTERNATIONAL LICENSES THIS SOFTWARE AND MANUAL "AS IS" WITHOUT
WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE PARTICULAR PURPOSE. HOOPER INTERNATIONAL DOES NOT
WARRANT THAT THE "FINANCE MANAGER" SOFTWARE WILL MEET YOUR
REQUIREMENTS, OR THAT THE OPERATION OF FINANCE MANAGER WILL BE
UNINTERRUPTED OR ERROR FREE.
IN NO EVENT WILL HOOPER INTERNATIONAL BE LIABLE FOR CONSEQUENTIAL,
INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT OR OTHER DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY LOST PROFITS,
LOST SAVINGS, OR OTHER INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT
OF THE USE OF, OR INABILITY TO USE, THESE PROGRAMS, EVEN IF HOOPER
INTERNATIONAL HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES, OR
FOR ANY CLAIM BY ANY OTHER PARTY.
FINANCE MANAGER II is an extraordinary, easy-to-understand,
user-supported software package. Since we are dedicated to customer
satisfaction, we heartily recommend that you take advantage of the
incredible money-saving opportunity that we offer, allowing you to use
the evaluation copy in order to determine its suitability to your
individual financial application. Please do this, and discover for
yourself that this software is easy to use and certainly what you've
been hoping it would be, before registering your copy with us. We
sincerely value customer satisfaction.
Since we are so confident of your satisfaction with our software, we
are able to offer evaluation copies at an unbelievable minimal cost to
you. We therefore urge you to take advantage of inspecting and
evaluating this software, including hand-on use for your particular
needs and financial applications. This is an unprecedented
opportunity for complete customer satisfaction before you make any
outlay of money for an individually-registered copy. We want your
name to be added to our ever-growing list of satisfied customers
throughout the world!
Please keep in mind, WE DO NOT ACCEPT RETURNS OR GIVE REFUNDS ON
REGISTERED COPIES. Instead, we give you every opportunity to try the
software before you decide to register your copy. We will, however,
replace defective disks for a minimal shipping and handling charge of
$5.00, for up to a period of 90 days from initial shipping date.
Please note that defective disks must be returned prepaid and insured
by sender. In this way, we are assured of complete customer
satisfaction. And, as you can see, we value your business.
Hooper International does not guarantee, warrant, or claim that any of
the non-released modules will become available at a future date. The
viability and planned development of these modules, as well as their
scheduling, will be determined solely by Hooper International.
ii
FINANCE MANAGER II - GETTING STARTED
PREFACE
Before Reading Any Further . . .
If you are eager to get started, you might save time by reading the
guidelines listed in this preface. Depending on your level of
bookkeeping and computer expertise, certain sections of the manuals
are more essential than others.
If You've Already Used FINANCE MANAGER . . .
If you already have a working knowledge of some of the earlier
versions of FINANCE MANAGER, you will be pleased to see all of the
specially-enhanced features of the FINANCE MANAGER II program.
Before you start working, read the "Getting Started" section of this
manual, which explains the new installation procedures. If you are
using the General Ledger Module, please read the "Upgrade
Compatibility" Section of that manual, since it includes instructions
on converting your data to the new format. If you have any questions
while you are working, simply refer to the documentation.
If You Are An Experienced User of Menu-Driven Software . . .
If you have used quite a few software packages, especially those
designed for the IBM PC or compatibles, you are more familiar with the
terms used for configuring your system. You might, therefore, want to
take the following shortcuts:
- Read the Introduction and Getting Started section of this
manual.
- Take a look at the sample accounts (HOME and WORK) on the
DOCUMENTATION AND DEMO disk, while using the documentation as a
guide and a reference.
- Set up your own set of books by using the sample accounts as an
example, or as a framework. Be sure to follow the guidelines
and procedures as presented in the manual, and you'll be on your
way to incredibly-easy, hassle-free bookkeeping.
If You Are An Experienced Bookkeeper . . .
If you have a working knowledge of bookkeeping and accounting, you
will have an easier time understanding the terms used in the FINANCE
MANAGER manuals. Initially, however, we recommend that you read all
of the manuals in order to learn how to properly and completely
utilize all of the fantastic features available to you.
PAGE 1
FINANCE MANAGER II - GETTING STARTED
If You Have Little Or No Experience With Software Or Bookkeeping...
If you have used few menu-driven software packages in the past, and
you're not an expert bookkeeper, you would do well to make the whole
thing easier for yourself by reading all manuals completely --
mentally following all of the procedures outlined. We strongly
suggest that you read completely through the documentation at least
once, merely to become familiar with some of the terms you will be
expected to know. Next, repeat the documentation process, this time
using the program.
For All Users ...
When using FINANCE MANAGER, keep in mind the steps listed below:
- Format your new disks before beginning. (Inexperienced users
sometimes forget this basic DOS step.)
- Always use a backup copy of your program disk. (Inexperienced
users are inclined to forget to save their original disk, to
fall back on, should something happen to the disk they are
using.)
- Carefully follow all instructions in the manuals, for optimum
understanding, before using FINANCE MANAGER.
This guide is intended for use by all users of FINANCE MANAGER II. It
does not assume that the user has extensive accounting expertise. It
is suggested, however, that users with no accounting or bookkeeping
background obtain a basic accounting textbook as a supplemental
reference.
If You Have Any Questions . . .
If you have any questions or opinions about FINANCE MANAGER II, please
return the User-Comment Form in the back of the manual.
PAGE 2
FINANCE MANAGER II - GETTING STARTED
AUTHOR'S NOTES
History of FINANCE MANAGER
The FINANCE MANAGER series was created as a result of our own basic
need for an affordable financial software package. We needed a simple
and workable system, to keep track of both income and expenses.
Unfortunately, the price for available software packages was
prohibitive.
Consequently, it became clear that a new and affordable program would
have to be created and written by us, and it would have to eliminate
the piles of notes and receipts that were needed each year in order to
compute income taxes. In 1981, therefore, the original version of
FINANCE MANAGER was created. It was written for the Atari 800, with
64K bytes of memory. This program provided a one-timeframe look at
the entire fiscal year, while storing all necessary information from
the inevitable notes and receipts. If bookkeeping was to become a
"piece of cake", this was surely a sweet start!
In 1983, the initial basic FINANCE MANAGER was converted to the widely
accepted IBM PC format. This second version was splendidly enhanced,
and was able to track finances by month instead of merely by year.
Furthermore, it was now able to categorize assets and liabilities. At
this stage, it became a true mini-bookkeeping system, and it was
available to fit the limited budget of those who could not before
afford an expensive software package.
Friends and acquaintances, consequently, began using FINANCE MANAGER.
Some of these early users were small business owners and
entrepreneurs, while others simply needed FINANCE MANAGER to assist
them with their ordinary, everyday personal finances and bookkeeping.
They all, however, told their friends about the incredibly low cost
and easy system they were using, inviting them to try it.
This first group of users, many of whom had no accounting background,
sent us valuable input in the form of suggestions and ideas.
Expressing our sentiments, they wanted easy-to-use software that
required minimal setup time. And, like us, they disliked the idea of
spending outrageous amounts for expensive software packages.
User needs in mind, FINANCE MANAGER evolved into a simple, but
comprehensive, financial software package, yet offered at an
incredibly low price that any computer user could afford. By early
1984, many more people were using our program, and telling us they
loved it!
Availability of FINANCE MANAGER
An exceptional and workable program in hand, we decided to distribute
as many copies as needed to people in need of an inexpensive,
comprehensive bookkeeping system. As you are perhaps aware, we
PAGE 3
FINANCE MANAGER II - GETTING STARTED
employed a user-support method of distribution, feeling it would prove
to be a viable method of exposing computer users to our grass-roots,
user-friendly program.
By mid 1984, the program became available throughout the country,
distributed through users' groups and computer clubs. We owe the
success of FINANCE MANAGER to all of these interested early supporters
who stood with us in the belief of quality, easy-to-use software, at
unbelievably low cost.
Today, most of our first users continue to use FINANCE MANAGER, and
they continue to feel it is the best bookkeeping package available to
them. Through the years, we have listened to what they needed and,
because of their comments, ideas, and suggestions, FINANCE MANAGER has
evolved and expanded to the greatly enhanced package that it is today.
We sincerely thank all of our users for their continued support. By
purchasing our program, and telling their friends how greatly it helps
them, while easing their record-keeping burden, they have made it
possible for us to offer further enhancements and welcome updates.
There is no doubt that user support has put us where we are today.
And it is gratifying to know that there are people who, on their own,
pay for something that they have been invited to try without any
initial pre-paid cash outlay. Our final pleasure and thanks comes
when these same people send us their check, to pay for the product,
because they genuinely enjoy using it.
At this time, we continue to employ the user-support concept of
distributing FINANCE MANAGER, knowing that most of you will register
your copies with us, making it legal for you to use them. Your
registration fee provides the resources to continually enhance FINANCE
MANAGER, thus providing newer, updated versions for your ongoing
needs.
Needless to say, we are proud to present this new version for your
inspection and, should you choose to use it, ask that you continue to
support FINANCE MANAGER by promptly paying your registration fee.
With your help, you may continue to count on our help. Moreover, we
want you to know that we sincerely appreciate your cooperation, as
well as your faith in us.
PAGE 4
FINANCE MANAGER II - GETTING STARTED
FINANCE MANAGER SYSTEM FLOWCHART
-------------------
| FINANCE MANAGER |
| MASTER MENU |
-------------------
|
---------------------------------------------------------------
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
SYSTEM GENERAL ACCOUNTS ACCOUNTS To be FINANCIAL ORDER
UTILITIES LEDGER PAYABLE RECEIVABLE Announced UTILITIES FORM
--------------------
| SYSTEM UTILITIES |
| MENU |
--------------------
|
-------------------------
| | |
| | |
CHANGE CHANGE CHANGE
REPORT COMPANY SYSTEM
DATE NAME DEFAULTS
PAGE 5
FINANCE MANAGER II - GETTING STARTED
TABLE OF CONTENTS
RESTRICTED PERMISSION TO COPY .................................. i
WARRANTY INFORMATION ........................................... ii
PREFACE ........................................................ 1
AUTHOR'S NOTES ................................................. 3
SYSTEM FLOWCHARTS .............................................. 5
INTRODUCTION ................................................... 7
SECTION ONE - GETTING STARTED .................................. 8
1a - Essential hardware .................................... 8
1b - Installing Finance Manager ............................ 8
1c - Installing Additional Modules ......................... 10
1d - Starting up the Finance Manager program ............... 11
1e - The sample accounts ................................... 12
1f - Unique functions of Finance Manager ................... 12
SECTION TWO - FINANCE MANAGER II MASTER MENU.................... 15
2a - System utilities menu ................................. 15
2b - Changing the date ..................................... 16
2c - Changing the company name ............................. 16
2d - Changing the system defaults .......................... 17
SECTION THREE - THE GENERAL LEDGER MODULE ...................... 20
SECTION FOUR - THE ACCOUNT RECONCILIATION MODULE................ 22
SECTION FIVE - THE FINANCIAL UTILITIES MODULE .................. 23
SECTION SIX - THE ACCOUNTS PAYABLE MODULE ...................... 25
SECTION SEVEN - THE ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE MODULE ................. 26
SECTION EIGHT - USER SUPPORT ................................... 27
8a - The user-supported concept ............................ 27
8b - If you have comments, suggestions, or questions ....... 28
8c - Why should I pay? .................................... 28
8d - Upgrade policy ........................................ 29
PAGE 6
FINANCE MANAGER II - GETTING STARTED
INTRODUCTION
The proper management of financial resources is the determining factor
in the survival of any business, large or small, public or private.
FINANCE MANAGER II is a splendid tool for you, the small business
owner or individual, to easily manage your financial resources. The
program, moreover, is easy to follow and designed for those with a
minimum of bookkeeping experience.
General Information
FINANCE MANAGER is a personal or small-business financial-management
program for the IBM PC, XT, AT, and PS/2 (or compatibles ). It is
thorough, efficient, and simple to use, consisting of a series of
modules designed to assist the beginning or advanced user in managing
all types of financial/bookkeeping systems. The modules may be used
exclusive of one another (except for Account Reconciliation), or they
may be used together, in any combination. The Accounts Payable and
Receivable modules do however require the General Ledger module.
Available separately, the modules are as follows (see order form at
the back of this manual to order):
General Ledger
Account Reconciliation
Accounts Payable
Accounts Receivable
Financial Utilities
FINANCE MANAGER II will become an essential part of your own business
and/or personal financial-management program.
This documentation describes how to get started using the FINANCE
MANAGER II program. Next, it separately describes the functions
available in each of the modules.
An exceptionally easy and low-cost way to manage your financial
resources, FINANCE MANAGER II provides the best and most comprehensive
personal or small-business financial program available. We look
forward to hearing from you, and any comments about this program may
be included on the user comment form on the last page of this manual.
PAGE 7
FINANCE MANAGER II - GETTING STARTED
SECTION ONE - GETTING STARTED
Before you initially start using FINANCE MANAGER II, be sure you take
the time to learn some of the basic preliminary procedures necessary
to operate the program, as well as being certain you know some of the
basic overall system features. In this section, these elements are
discussed in detail.
1a - Essential Hardware
The minimum system hardware requirements and options are as follows:
REQUIRED:
- IBM PC, XT, AT, or PS/2 (or compatibles)
- Monochrome or color graphics board with 80-column display
- 256K bytes memory
- 2 floppy disk drives (or 1 high-density drive)
- IBM Disk Operating System (DOS Version 2.0 through 3.3)
OPTIONAL:
- Hard disk
- 80-column (or 132-column) printer
- Up to 640K memory
- Hercules graphics card
- EGA graphics card
1b - Installing Finance Manager
In order to run FINANCE MANAGER II for the first time, on your own
computer, be sure to format your new blank disks (beginners tend to
overlook this step). And remember, if you have received a new version
of FINANCE MANAGER, you need to re-install it as if it were a new
module. If you are installing a new version we suggest that you use
new blank disks or if you are using a hard disk to delete all the old
Finance Manager program files (be sure you do not delete your data
files). The procedures for installing the disks are outlined in the
steps below:
Quick install for advanced DOS users:
Make a backup copy of all the Finance Manager disks by using the
DOS COPY *.* command and put the original disks away. Next copy
all of the "HOME.*" and "WORK.*" files from these disks to a blank
data disk.
If you are using a hard disk, simply copy all of the Finance
Manager disks into any directory (suggest directory name \FM).
PAGE 8
FINANCE MANAGER II - GETTING STARTED
Next copy the CONFIG.SYS file from the General Ledger Master
Program disk to your DOS power-up disk (or root directory for hard
disk users). If you already have a CONFIG.SYS file be sure that
you add the two commands "FILES=20" and "BUFFERS=20".
To run Finance Manager type in "RUN" or "FM". You may also add a
filename parameter when running FM (e.g. FM C:\FM\WORK).
If you have two 360K floppy disk drives:
1. Using the DOS "FORMAT" command, format blank disks. The number
of disks required for each module to be installed is as
follows:
General Ledger (and/or Acct. Reconcil.) 2 disks.
Financial Utilities 1 disk.
Accounts Receivable 2 disks.
Accounts Payable 2 disks.
When installing Finance Manager the install procedure will ask
you for your DOS disk used when you power-up your computer. It
will add a CONFIG.SYS file to this disk (see DOS manual for
details). If a CONFIG.SYS file already exists on this disk it
will modify it (if nessessary).
You will also need one additional disk to be used as your data
disk when setting up your own set of books. (When formatting
disks beginners should remember that the DOS disk goes in drive
A, and the blank disk goes in drive B. Then type FORMAT B:).
2. Label each set of two disks as follows: The first is labeled
"Program Disk", the second is labeled "Documentation and Demo
Disk". Also label the additional data disk "Data Disk".
Remember to also label each disk with the module you are
installing, so you don't confuse the disks from one module with
those from another (i.e. "GENERAL LEDGER PROGRAM DISK").
3. Put the ORIGINAL (not the blank disk) Finance Manager II
General Ledger Master Program Disk in drive A.
4. From the A> prompt type in the command: INSTALL
5. Follow the instructions on the screen while running the INSTALL
procedure.
6. After completing the INSTALL procedures, FILE AWAY the original
FINANCE MANAGER II disks for safe keeping. You should never
use the original disks.
7. Place your DOS power-up disk in drive A.
8. Re-boot the computer by using "Ctrl Alt Del" or by turning the
power off and on.
9. Take the DOS power-up disk out of drive A and put in your
newly-created FINANCE MANAGER II program disk (any module).
PAGE 9
FINANCE MANAGER II - GETTING STARTED
10. Place the Documentation and Demo Disk in drive B, in order to
use the demo accounts.
11. Type in the command: RUN (or FM).
12. You should now be running FINANCE MANAGER II. If you are not,
simply repeat steps 1 - 11.
If you have a high density or 3 1/2" (at least 720K) disk drive:
Follow instructions for two floppy-disk drives above. After you
have completed the INSTALL procedure, you may opt to copy all of
the files from the PROGRAM DISK and the DOCUMENTATION AND DEMO
DISK on to one high-density disk.
Another option, if you have more than one module, would be to copy
all of the "FM.COM", "*.CHN", & "*.00?" files to one "PROGRAM
DISK" (* and ? = any character) which would eliminate the need to
swap disks when running different modules.
If you have a hard disk:
1. Create a directory on your hard disk (e.g., MD \FM).
2. Change to this newly-created directory by using the DOS "CD"
command (e.g., CD \FM). Remember, all programs, documentation
and data will be placed in this directory.
3. Put the ORIGINAL (not the blank disk) Finance Manager II
General Ledger Master Program Disk in drive A.
4. From the A> prompt type in the command: INSTALL
5. Follow the instructions on the screen while running the INSTALL
procedure.
6. After completing the INSTALL procedures, FILE AWAY the original
FINANCE MANAGER II disks for safe keeping. You should never
use the original disks.
7. Re-boot the computer by using "Ctrl Alt Del", or simply by
turning the power off and on.
8. Change to the newly created directory (as above).
9. Type in the command: RUN (or FM).
10. You should now be running FINANCE MANAGER II. If you are not,
simply repeat above steps 1-9.
1c - Installing Additional Modules
PAGE 10
FINANCE MANAGER II - GETTING STARTED
If you have already been using FINANCE MANAGER, and you merely want to
install a new module you simply have to follow the instructions above.
When running the install procedure it will ask you which module(s) you
are installing.
When labeling disks, remember to mark each disk with the appropriate
module name, in order to avoid confusion.
If you work with a hard disk, remember to put all program modules in
the same directory. Data files, however, may be in any other
directory.
1d - Starting up the FINANCE MANAGER II Program
After you have installed your disks as outlined above, you are ready
to start using FINANCE MANAGER II. To execute FINANCE MANAGER II on a
regular basis, follow the procedures below:
1. Insert the FINANCE MANAGER II Program Disk, which you have
created, into drive A. If you use a hard disk, simply change
to your FINANCE MANAGER directory as above.
2. Insert your Data Disk (or Documentation and Demo Disk, to use
the demo accounts) in drive B. This step is not necessary if
you use a hard disk.
3. Type RUN.
4. The first screen contains a FINANCE MANAGER II logon notice.
Press any key to continue.
5. The next screen asks you for your data disk drive, directory,
and file name:
ENTER DISK DRIVE(A-H):_: ENTER DIRECTORY:_______________________
ENTER FILE NAME:________
6. Insert your Data Disk (or your Demo Disk, if using demo
accounts) in drive B:. Then answer the "ENTER DISK DRIVE"
prompt with "B". If using a hard disk, answer with "C".
For advanced hard-disk users, you may wish to enter the
directory (see your DOS manual) to select files in other
directories. If you are using directories, enter your
directory at the "ENTER DIRECTORY:" prompt. If not, simply
press RETURN at this point.
NOTE: When using the Demo accounts, use your DOCUMENTATION AND
DEMO DISK. And when you want to set up your own set of
books, use your blank DATA DISK which you created above.
7. At the "ENTER FILE NAME" prompt, type in the name of the file,
or simply press ENTER to accept the name as shown.
PAGE 11
FINANCE MANAGER II - GETTING STARTED
The existing files are listed at the bottom half of the screen.
By using the left and right keypad arrows, you can change the
default value in the "Filename" field. Typing in a filename
which does not exist automatically creates a new data file with
that name. To eliminate the need to enter the disk drive and
the file name each time you run FINANCE MANAGER, you should
modify the RUN.BAT file by adding a command line parameter to
the "FM" command. For example, if you want to use drive B: at
all times, and also want to use the file name "MYFILE", you
should change (edit) the RUN.BAT file command "FM" to
"FM B:MYFILE". (See your DOS manual on how to edit files using
EDLIN). When you run FINANCE MANAGER, it will automatically
use the selected file in drive B:, without again asking you.
8. You should now be at the FINANCE MANAGER II Master Menu
(referred to as the "Master Menu").
9. If, for example, you now want to run the General Ledger, press
the F2 key (use the "F2" key on the left (or top) side of your
keyboard) to run the General Ledger Main Menu.
1e - The Sample Accounts
The HOME and WORK files mentioned above are two demo accounts which
are included on the FINANCE MANAGER II Documentation & Demo Disk.
They include a typical Chart of Accounts, to allow you to demo while
you are learning the different functions of FINANCE MANAGER. They
also provide you with a sample of the different types of transactions
you may employ on the modules you are using. If you are new to
FINANCE MANAGER, print some reports while using the demo accounts, in
order to familiarize yourself with the reports and functions of the
modules. See the Reports Section, in the Users Manual, for the Module
you will be using. Thoroughly analyze these reports, noting the types
of transactions and which accounts were being used. This will be a
tremendous help when you are entering your transactions, since most
people employ similar types of transactions.
It is important for you to understand that the sample packages
included in the program have been created exclusively as instruction
tools, to be used to help those who are learning to use FINANCE
MANAGER. Please, do not try to expand them for use as your own Chart
of Accounts, since they contain beginning balances as well as existing
transactions. They are intended to be used merely as samples to
facilitate the learning process.
In order to use these sample accounts, follow all of the steps in
"Starting Up the FINANCE MANAGER II Program" section above, selecting
either the "HOME" or "WORK" file at the file name prompt.
1f - Unique Functions of FINANCE MANAGER II
THE ESCAPE (ESC) KEY: The Escape key plays a vital role when using
FINANCE MANAGER II. First of all, it allows you
PAGE 12
FINANCE MANAGER II - GETTING STARTED
to stop virtually any function, and get you back
to where you were before you called something
up. (Beginners, especially, will appreciate
this function.)
If you are at an input screen, and you do not
want to continue to a new screen or a new
transaction, the Escape key allows you to return
to the menu.
If you are entering data and you make an error
in a certain field, the Escape key allows you to
exit the function and return to the menu before
any input data is saved.
If you are already at a menu, Escape allows you
to return to a previous menu. Selection ESC on
the Master Menu is used to end the program, as
well as to select a different set of books.
If you would like to stop a report from
printing, you can do so via the Escape key.
INPUT and EDIT MODE: There are two different modes for entering data:
the input mode and the edit mode. Certain
keystrokes allow you to switch from input mode
to edit mode. When entering data, the default
is INPUT mode.
To enter edit mode, press keypad "right arrow"
when in position 1 of any field. While in edit
mode, you may use the keypad arrows, as well as
the Home, End, Ins, Del, and Backspace keys.
To leave edit mode and enter input mode, move to
the first position of the field by using the
keypad "left arrow". Press the Backspace key.
You are now in input mode.
You can differentiate between edit and input
mode by the highlighting shades. Simply
remember that when the shading is solid, you are
in input mode; when it is dotted, you are in
edit mode.
THE FUNCTION KEYS: At each of the FINANCE MANAGER II Menus, there
is a series of "F" selections. The "F" or
"function" keys are the two vertical rows of
keys located on the far left side of the
keyboard. These keys are used at the screen
menus, in order to select the function you wish
to do.
PAGE 13
FINANCE MANAGER II - GETTING STARTED
BACKING UP TO When you are entering data in various fields,
PREVIOUS FIELDS for instance, when you are entering the Chart of
Accounts or transactions, you can back up to a
previous field by pressing the Backspace key
when you are in the first position of a given
field. Likewise, you can move back to a
previous field by pressing the keypad UP arrow
key.
You cannot use the keypad UP arrow when you are
in a "Select" field. Examples of a "Select"
field is the "Enter Filename" prompt discussed
earlier in this section. Other examples of
"Select" fields are the fields used for
selecting account numbers in Chart of Accounts,
budget, and transaction input.
PRINTER PAUSE KEY When you are printing reports to your printer,
or to the disk, you may "PAUSE" the report by
pressing any key (except Esc) while it is
printing. This will cause the report to pause
until you press any key to continue. When using
this feature, please remember that some printers
have print buffers which will cause the printing
to continue until this buffer is completely
printed. It will only stop printing at that
time.
PAGE DOWN KEY (PgDn) The PgDn key may be used to accept the remaining
default inputs on the screen (i.e. skip to
bottom of screen) without the need to press the
Enter (or Return) key at each input field. This
is very useful, for example, when you need to
change only one input field on a screen and need
a fast way to skip to the bottom of the input
screen.
TAB & SHIFT TAB The Tab and Shift Tab keys duplicate the Enter
and Backspace keys respectively.
PAGE 14
FINANCE MANAGER II - GETTING STARTED
SECTION TWO - FINANCE MANAGER II MASTER MENU
The FINANCE MANAGER II Master Menu is the first menu to appear after
you log on (enter filename) to the system. The Master Menu appears as
follows:
--------------------------------------
| FINANCE MANAGER II MASTER MENU |
--------------------------------------
| |
| ESC End/Restart Program |
| F1 System Utilities Menu |
| F2 General Ledger |
| F3 Accounts Payable |
| F4 Accounts Receivable |
| F5 To be announced |
| F6 To be announced |
| F7 Financial Utilities |
| F8 Order Form |
| |
| ENTER YOUR SELECTION: |
| |
| |
--------------------------------------
This documentation discusses getting started, as well as the System
Utilities Menu. For explanations on how to use the other master menu
selections, see the Users Manual for that selection. In the sections
which follow, we will briefly discuss features of each of the other
financial modules.
2a - System Utilities Menu
The System Utilities Menu, which is selection F1 on the Master Menu,
contains functions which affect all of the modules. By selecting
option F1, the System Utilities Menu appears as follows:
PAGE 15
FINANCE MANAGER II - GETTING STARTED
--------------------------------------
| SYSTEM UTILITIES MENU |
--------------------------------------
| |
| |
| ESC Return to Main Menu |
| |
| F1 Change Date |
| F2 Change Company Name |
| F3 Change System Defaults |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| ENTER YOUR SELECTION: |
| |
| |
--------------------------------------
The System Utilities menu allows you to change the system date (the
date that prints on your reports), as well as the company name that
prints on your reports, and the system defaults.
2b - Changing the Date
Changing the date is only necessary if you have not set the date at
the time you powered up your computer (either manually using the DOS
DATE command, or automatically with an internal clock board). This is
the date which will appear on your screen and on your printed reports.
It is not used for any other function. Remember, it does not change
the date of your system clock, and it will be automatically reset if
you exit the program. If your computer does not set the time
automatically, you should set a new date every time you run FINANCE
MANAGER, or your reports will have the wrong date. The currently set
date is shown in the upper left-hand corner of your screen.
1. To change the date, select F1 on the System Utilities Menu.
The following prompt appears:
REPORT HEADING DATE:__-__-__
2. After typing in the desired date, press ENTER.
2c - Changing the Company Name
The "company name" is a two-line name which will appear at the top of
your screen and on all reports. This name is tied to the current
Chart of Accounts you are working on. It is, however, only used for
report purposes and does not change your data file name.
1. Select F2 from the System Utilities menu. The following
PAGE 16
FINANCE MANAGER II - GETTING STARTED
prompts appear:
LINE 1:______________________________
LINE 2:______________________________
2. At Line 1, type the new company name.
3. At Line 2, type any title which you would like on all reports.
2d - Changing the System Defaults
The system defaults are preset in the program. Remember, they do not
have to be changed in order to run the program. Some of the
parameters, however, may be reset or changed by you, depending on what
type of hardware you have. Each set of books (data file) has its own
configuration file, and must be set separately while using that set of
books.
To change the system defaults, follow the procedures listed below:
1. Select F3 from the System Utilities menu. The following screen
appears:
NUMBER OF LINES PER PAGE (Usually 66):__
PRINTER CONTROL CODES (Escape Sequences):
Optional Initialization Setup:___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
Compressed Mode (17 cpi):___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
Normal Mode (10 cpi):___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
100% IBM COMPATIBLE (Y/N)?_ DISPLAY SCREEN IN COLOR (Y/N)?_
DISPLAY DATE IN U.S. FORMAT (Y/N)?_ Foreground Color(0-15):_
DOES PRINTER HAVE 14-INCH PAPER (Y/N)?_ Background Color(0-15):_
PRINT ACCOUNTS WITH ZERO AMOUNTS(Y/N)?_
ACCOUNT NUMBERS FOR RECONCILIATION:
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
2. "NUMBER OF LINES PER PAGE" refers to the number of lines on a
page. This is usually 66 on 11-inch-long paper, printing at 6
lines per inch. For example, if the length of your paper is 11
inches long, you would multiply the paper length by the number
of lines per inch (e.g. 11 X 6 = 66) to arrive at the 66 lines
per page of paper. The number of actual lines printed is
determined by the system, and is somewhat less, in order to
leave a top and a bottom margin.
3. The "PRINTER CONTROL CODES" are used to customize FINANCE
MANAGER to your printer. The inputs for these fields are the
escape sequences which change your printer modes (see your
printer manual for proper codes). All inputs are numbers from
0 to 255. If you do not know what codes to use for your
printer, simply leave all fields blank.
PAGE 17
FINANCE MANAGER II - GETTING STARTED
a. The "Optional Initialization Setup" will allow you to
send a special setup string to the printer when you run
FINANCE MANAGER. It is usually blank, and usually is
used only by advanced users. It may, for example, be
used to move your printer's default left margin, or it
may be used to change printer font you are using.
b. The "Compressed Mode" is used to change your printer font
to its 17-characters-per-inch compressed-font mode. For
Epson, use "15" in the first field.
c. The "Normal Mode" is to change your printer font back to
its normal 10-characters-per-inch mode. For Epson, use
"18" in the first field.
4. Answer the "100% IBM compatible" with "Y" (yes) if you have an
IBM PC or a 100% clone equivalent to this machine.
5. Answer "DISPLAY SCREEN IN COLOR" with "Y" (yes) if you have a
color display board and you would like FINANCE MANAGER to use
color. If you select color, you will next be prompted for a
"Foreground Color" and "Background Color". You must enter a
number between 0 and 15 (as requested), and the Foreground
Color must be different from the Background Color. A list of
approximate colors selections is as follows:
0 = Black 4 = Red
1 = Blue 5 = Magenta
2 = Green 6 = Brown
3 = Cyan 7 = White
8 - 15 Give you the same colors as above but
brighter (e.g. 9=light blue).
6. If you live in the U.S.A., you will probably want to answer the
"DISPLAY DATE IN U.S. FORMAT" prompt with "Y" (yes). This
will cause all date displays and prompts to be in the MM-DD-YY
format. If you answer with "N" (no), you will be using the
DD.MM.YY date format. Be sure to note that when using the
DD.MM.YY format, the time displays will be using a 24-hour time
display, without "am" or "pm" (i.e. 18:00 instead of 6:00pm).
7. If you happen to have a wide-carriage printer, and are using
14'' paper, you should answer "DOES PRINTER HAVE 14" PAPER"
with a "Y" (yes). This will allow you to print trended reports
on the entire width of the paper. A "N" (no) answer to this
prompt will keep all printouts within 8 1/2" (80 characters) of
paper width.
8. If you prefer to skip the printing of accounts with zero amount
balances, on reports, answer the "PRINT ACCOUNTS WITH ZERO
AMOUNTS" prompt with a "N" (no).
9. The "ACCOUNT NUMBERS FOR RECONCILIATION" field is used by the
account reconciliation module. If you are not using this
PAGE 18
FINANCE MANAGER II - GETTING STARTED
module you may leave the account number fields blank. If you
are using it be sure to enter all the account numbers that you
will want to reconcile (e.g., checking account numbers, credit
card or loan account numbers, etc.). Entering these account
numbers causes FINANCE MANAGER II to save the transaction data,
after running the End of Period postings, in order to avoid
reconciliation problems in the new year which are caused by
previous-year transactions.
Change or add any necessary default parameters. To do this, refer to
the documentation for your individual hardware. After adding any
data, press ENTER. If you wish to leave any field as is, press ENTER.
In order to clear a field, enter a blank space.
The above procedure will create a file called "????.CNF" on your data
disk. The "????" will be replaced with the name of the data file you
are working on (i.e. if you are using the HOME demo files, the file
created will have a name of "HOME.CNF"). You should create a
configuration file for each of your data files. Each data file thus
has its own configuration. If you wish to save time, you may copy the
configuration file from one set of books to another set by using the
DOS "COPY" command.
Four sample printer configuration files are on the GENERAL LEDGER
DOCUMENTATION & DEMO DISK. These files can be copied to your DATA
DISK and renamed to "????.CNF", where the "????" is the name of your
data files. Select whichever file matches your printer brand.
However, it is not necessary to use these files since they are only
provided as sample configurations. These configuration filenames are
as follows:
EPSON.CNF, HP-LASER.CNF, JUKI.CNF, PROWRITE.CNF
PAGE 19
FINANCE MANAGER II - GETTING STARTED
SECTION THREE - THE GENERAL LEDGER MODULE
The FINANCE MANAGER II, General Ledger Module, is a menu-driven,
double-entry bookkeeping system which is suitable for personal or for
small business use. Although it is easy to use, you must have an
understanding of double-entry (debits and credits) bookkeeping. For
the novice, sample accounts are provided to assist you in setting up
your accounts, as well as examples of basic transactions.
The General Ledger Module keeps track of assets, liabilities, net
worth, income and expenses. It also assists the small business owner
in spotting financial trends. The program records transactions,
categorizes them into various accounts, and generates a variety of
financial statements, reports and graphs.
In addition to being a powerful management tool for the small
business, this module assists you, the individual, in the tasks
necessary to keep track of your financial standing. It performs
day-to-day functions such as monitoring the balances of bank accounts,
credit cards, loans, etc. Furthermore, this module tracks how closely
you are sticking to a budget. It documents all of your belongings,
thus providing a backup record for insurance purposes. The General
Ledger Module also provides a record of earnings and expenses, in
order to assist you in preparing your income tax paperwork.
The outstanding bookkeeping features in the General Ledger program
include the following:
* Maintains Accounts
- Stores up to 1999 accounts
- Tracks monthly budget for income and expense accounts
- Maintains multiple sets of books
- Provides three subtotal levels
- Maintains a detailed list of everything you own, and
everyone you owe
* Records Transactions
- Allows up to 32,000 transactions per year (3,800 with
floppy disks)
- Sorts transactions by date order or by order of input
- Permits multiple debits and credits per transaction
- Allows user to easily correct and/or delete transactions
- Provides a check-number input field when entering
transactions
- Allows user to enter transactions from a previous month or
year
* Creates Financial Reports
- Provides full range of financial reports
- Reports by month, quarter, or year
- Provides summary, or trended (by month) reports
* Performs Fiscal Year Tasks
- All closing entries performed automatically by the system
- Beginning balances automatically set for new accounting
PAGE 20
FINANCE MANAGER II - GETTING STARTED
period
- Variable fiscal year, or accounting period capability
* Creates Graphs of your account balances.
System Features of the General Ledger Module
The advanced system features include the following:
* Defaults for input fields, to minimize data entry
* Validation of all inputs
* Customized configuration
* Ability to store reports to a disk file
* Active Chart-of-Accounts listing on bottom half of blank input
screens
PAGE 21
FINANCE MANAGER II - GETTING STARTED
SECTION FOUR - THE ACCOUNT RECONCILIATION MODULE
The Account Reconciliation Module has been created to help you by
automating the balancing of your checkbook, a feature everyone
appreciates. It can also help you to monitor and balance your credit
card statements.
This module will keep track of all transactions for a particular
account. It will show which transactions have "Cleared", or are
included in the balance on your bank statement, and which transactions
remain outstanding. This helpful feature provides a perfect method
for balancing your checking account statements, as well as any loan or
charge card statements which you may have.
With this effective and time-saving module, you will be able to
balance statements easily and efficiently, without spending the usual
time-consuming hours trying to figure out where you are out of
balance. Moreover, if your checking account happens to be out of
balance, the Account Reconciliation will tell you the exact amount you
are off. This reconciliation process is simple, since all data
required for reconciliation is entered when you are entering ordinary,
everyday transactions, making any additional data inputs unnecessary.
Furthermore, you will also see which transactions (deposits, payments,
credits, etc.) your financial institution does not have in its
statement-of-account balance, but you have entered in yours.
Consequently, you may balance and verify your accounts, quickly and
simply, each time you receive a financial statement.
The Account Reconciliation also provides the option of allowing you to
print a listing of outstanding transactions on a particular account.
Comparing this listing to your statement(s) will help you to discover
any discrepancies you may have.
It is recommended that you have at least 512K of memory to use this
module.
PAGE 22
FINANCE MANAGER II - GETTING STARTED
SECTION FIVE - THE FINANCIAL UTILITIES MODULE
The Financial Utilities Module allows you to make common financial
calculations with minimal effort and time. The functions included in
this module are as follows:
LOAN ANALYSIS: Payments, original loan amounts, interest rates, terms,
and amortization schedules.
DEPRECIATION: Straight line, straight percent, declining balance,
sum-of-the-years-digits, ACRS, MACRS, and Alternate
MACRS methods.
INVESTMENTS: Present and future value of annuities, internal rate of
return, net present value, bond price, and bond yield
to maturity.
Examples of some basic functions
A monthly loan payment can be quickly calculated using any interest
rate, over any time period. It is a wonderfully useful tool when
thinking about purchasing a car, a boat, or a house with borrowed
money, and wanting to know what the cost per month would be. You are
able to quickly compare different monthly payments for loans of
different interest rates, loan amounts, and payment terms. All
options are available to you at a glance.
The loan-amortization schedule will show you what your loan payments
will be, as described above. It will take that payment figure and
calculate how much of your payment is going to principle, how much is
going to interest, and what the remaining balance on the loan is. You
will, moreover, be able to see the balance on a loan after each months
payment, during the life of regular mortgages, or auto and boat loans.
The depreciation schedule creates a report of what the yearly
depreciation of an asset is. It takes into account the purchase price
of the product, its salvage value, and the useful life of the asset.
With this easy-to-use function, the calculated depreciation expense
can easily be entered into your asset and expense accounts, without
any unnecessary educated guesses as to what the amount of depreciation
for that year should be.
The Present Value calculation will take a monthly payment for an
annuity, and calculate the present value (its worth today) of that
amount. One usage is if you bought a car and took out a four-year
loan at 12% interest. The payment is 263.34 per month, but you can't
remember what the loan amount was. The answer: $10,000.
The Future Value calculation will take a monthly payment amount and
calculate the future value of that amount. An example, might be your
IRA retirement fund, and you want to know how much you will have to
retire on. For example: If you put 166.67 per month (a total of 2,000
per year) into an IRA account, which earned 10% interest per year,
after 30 years (360 months) you would have $178,381.53.
PAGE 23
FINANCE MANAGER II - GETTING STARTED
There's no doubt that you will have great fun discovering how much
money you saved, or spent, by using these easy-to-follow Financial
Utilities calculations. Furthermore, you will now have the pleasure
of knowing what the financial effect of decision making is, before you
make the decisions and, perhaps more importantly, before you speak to
your banker.
In summary, it is most important for you to be well informed, and know
the impacts of any decision making, before your important financial
decisions are make.
PAGE 24
FINANCE MANAGER II - GETTING STARTED
SECTION SIX - THE ACCOUNTS PAYABLE MODULE
The FINANCE MANAGER Accounts Payable Module provides a great way to
keep track of all your vendor payables. The module is an essential
element in managing your cash flow. Vendor information and balances
are always available through on-line features. This simple to use
module will greatly enhance your ability to track and pay vendors on
time. Multiple distribution and full integration into your General
Ledger will save you hours of time, effort and money.
Some of the outstanding features of the Accounts Payable Module
include the following:
- Use continuous form checks Complete reports include:
- Manual checks allowed - Accounts payable journal
- Prior period adjustments allowed - Schedule of payables
- Fully integrated with your G/L - Vendor activity report
- Enter misc. debits and credits - Vendor accounts list
- Pre or post date transactions - Sorted Vendor labels
- Use window envelopes for checks - Non-posted transactions
- Select payments by due date, discount - Non-posted payments
date or vendor - Computer generated checks
- Up to 2,000 vendors setup - G/L distribution report
- Up to 32,000 transactions per year
- Easy to correct/delete transactions
- Print summary or trended balance reports
- Posts to General Ledger in summary or detail format.
This module will automate the payment of all invoices. You will never
miss another discount or due date thus save your company money. All
checks are printed by computer thus saving hours of check writing time
as well.
All reports (except checks) can be printed or displayed on the screen
for fast on-line account information. All reports can be printed or
displayed any number of times, and at any time.
Posting to the General Ledger does not have to be completed in order
to see account balances or write checks. It must be completed,
however, in order to update your General Ledger accounts. Since the
posting system is "Smart", you may post any number of times in one
month, without any double posting errors.
The Accounts Payable Module is fully integrated into your General
Ledger Module, and all G/L accounts are easily updated by pressing one
key.
This is one of the easiest and error-free ways to track vendor
balances and pay invoices on time. Like the other FINANCE MANAGER
modules, you don't have to be an accountant in order to figure out how
to use it.
PAGE 25
FINANCE MANAGER II - GETTING STARTED
SECTION SEVEN - THE ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE MODULE
The FINANCE MANAGER Accounts Receivable Module provides a simple way
to keep track of all of your customer receivables. It allows you to
set up customers, and bill them, using balance-forward accounting by
printing statements which show all outstanding activity.
Some of the outstanding features of the Accounts Receivable Module
include the following:
- Up to 2000 customers Complete reports include:
- Multiple G/L distributions - Accounts Receivable Journal
- Integrated with your G/L - Balance Forward Statements
- Prior period adjustments allowed - Receivable Aging Report
- Post-dated transactions allowed - Schedule of Receivables
- Finance charges - Customer Accounts List
- Miscellaneous debits & credits - Customer Address Labels
- Balance-forward accounting - Non-posted Transaction Journal
- Statements for window envelopes - G/L distribution report
- Prior-period information on-line - Customer Invoices
- Up to 32,000 transactions per year
- Posts to General Ledger in summary or detail format
- Custom message on monthly statements
When using balance-forward accounting, only the transactions for the
statement period you select are shown. Outstanding balances from a
prior period are shown only as a single Beginning Balance amount. You
may, at any time, print a statement for a prior period and see all
detail for that period.
All reports can be printed or displayed on the screen for fast on-line
account information. All reports can be printed or displayed any
number of times, and at any time.
Posting does not have to be completed in order to see account
balances. It must be completed, however, in order to update your
General Ledger. Since the posting system is "Smart", you may post any
number of times in one month, without any errors.
The Accounts Receivable Module is fully integrated into your General
Ledger Module, and all GL accounts are easily updated by pressing one
key.
In short, the Accounts Receivable Module is one of the easiest-to-use,
error-free ways to help you track all customer receivable accounts.
And like other FINANCE MANAGER modules, you don't have to be an
accountant in order to figure out how to use it.
PAGE 26
FINANCE MANAGER II - GETTING STARTED
SECTION EIGHT - USER SUPPORT
FINANCE MANAGER II IS USER-SUPPORTED SOFTWARE! If you are using this
software, and find it to be of value to you, your payment is necessary
and appreciated. The suggested purchase price is a true bargain.
Please send your check or money order to:
HOOPER INTERNATIONAL
P.O. Box 62219
Colorado Springs, CO 80962
As a user of FINANCE MANAGER II, we invite you to share with your
friends and other users by making a copy of the evaluation copy of
this program. For payment, we continue to employ the honor system,
which has worked for us and for you, our user. In the long run, the
$40.00 suggested price is incidental when compared to the many
benefits and time-saving factors derived from using this superb
program. We invite you to use, share, and enjoy!
8a - The User-Supported Concept
User-supported software is an experiment in the distribution of
computer programs. It is based on the following beliefs:
- The value and utility of software is best assessed by the user
on his or her own system.
- The creation of personal computer software can and should be
supported by the computing community.
- The copying of programs should be encouraged, rather than
restricted.
- Quality software should be available at reasonable cost.
Anyone may request a copy of a user-supported program by sending a
blank, formatted disk to the author of the program. An addressed,
postage-paid return mailer must accompany the disk. A copy of the
program, with documentation on the disk, is then sent by return mail.
The program carries a notice suggesting a payment of the registration
fee to the program's author.
Free distribution of software, and voluntary payment for its use,
eliminates costs for advertising and copy-protection schemes. Users
obtain quality software at reduced cost. They have the advantage of
trying the software before buying, and they can do so at their own
pace and in the comfort of their own home or office. We all know the
best programs survive, based purely on their quality and usefulness.
Please join in the experiment. If you believe in these ideals, and
use the program, your payment is necessary and solicited to help make
the experiment viable and workable.
PAGE 27
FINANCE MANAGER II - GETTING STARTED
8b - If You Have Comments, Suggestions, or Questions . . .
It is our express goal to provide you with the highest-quality,
easiest-to-use programs at the lowest price.
The best way to receive help with your questions, or response to your
suggestions, is to call or send a letter to us. Or simply use the
User Comment Form on the last page of this manual. Be sure to
carefully detail the problem and all symptoms (perhaps providing a
printout as an example, if applicable). Please include a stamped,
self-addressed return envelope. We will respond to all such
questions, as soon as possible.
Before writing or calling, however, we encourage you to please read
over the documentation one more time, looking for an answer to your
questions or a solution to your problem.
If you are a REGISTERED USER you may call us at (719)528-8989 for
instant help with your problem or question. We do not charge for
customer support like others.
If you are NOT a REGISTERED USER (not having paid for your copy of the
program), we may not be able to answer your questions specifically.
The honor system must prove to be a viable method of distributing this
program, and registering it in your name, in order for us to answer
your questions about its use or specific applications of your needs.
We're sure you understand that our time is a limited resource, and
that it is only fair to spend it on our registered paid-in-full users.
As you know, that's the way the system works!
If you have any comments or suggestions regarding FINANCE MANAGER II,
please let us know. We appreciate all comments and, in future
versions of FINANCE MANAGER II, we will certainly implement the
suggestions that are advantageous to other users as well.
8c - Why Should I Pay?
You are trusted to use this copy of FINANCE MANAGER II for evaluation
purposes only, until the requested payment is made. Some of the
obvious reasons for sending in your payment are listed below:
- You will feel better about using FINANCE MANAGER II if you know
you are a paid-in-full registered user.
- When we receive your payment, we will send you the latest
version of FINANCE MANAGER II. This is the version with the
newest features and enhancements. Please note: NEW FEATURES ARE
BEING ADDED REGULARLY TO THIS PROGRAM.
- You will receive the complete documentation on the disk, and
also have the option of purchasing a printed manual, as well as
PAGE 28
FINANCE MANAGER II - GETTING STARTED
other available modules.
- You will receive our quarterly newsletter which provides hints
on using Finance Manager as well as keeps you abreast of new
enhancements which become available.
- You will be entitled to our free customer support whenever you
have any questions or problems with operational procedures.
- We will add your name to our list of registered users. As each
new version comes out, you will automatically receive a mailing
which gives you the option of buying the new version for a very
nominal upgrade fee.
- Make money! When your friends register their copies and put
your registration number on their order form you will receive a
$10 commission check from us. This commission does not apply
for subsequent orders and will be paid once a quarter.
- Last, but not least, you will receive priority treatment if you
call or write to us with problems or questions.
8d - Upgrade Policy
As more fully outlined above, when you send in your payment with the
version number of your copy, we will send you a registered copy of the
latest version of FINANCE MANAGER II. You will then be automatically
notified of all future releases. These will be available to you for a
nominal upgrade fee (usually $10).
PAGE 29
FINANCE MANAGER II
GENERAL LEDGER MODULE
USER'S MANUAL
Version 1.2
Hooper International
P.O. Box 62219
Colorado Springs, CO 80962
Copyright (C) 1986, '87 '88 by Hooper International
All rights reserved.
FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
TABLE OF CONTENTS
UPGRADE COMPATIBILITY WARNING .................................. 2
SECTION ONE - GETTING STARTED
1a - Introduction .......................................... 3
1b - System Flowcharts ..................................... 4
1c - Setting up your own books ............................. 5
SECTION TWO - THE GENERAL LEDGER MAIN MENU ..................... 7
SECTION THREE - THE CHART OF ACCOUNTS .......................... 8
3a - What is a Chart of Accounts? ......................... 8
3b - Types of account numbers .............................. 8
3c - Organization of the Chart of Accounts ................. 9
3d - Subtotals ............................................. 10
3e - Chart of Account data fields .......................... 10
3f - Getting familiar with the Chart of Accounts ........... 11
3g - Entering your Chart of Accounts ....................... 12
3h - Making changes/modifying the Chart of Accounts ........ 14
3i - Deleting Chart of Account numbers ..................... 15
3j - Creating a new set of books with the same
Chart of Accounts ..................................... 15
3k - Suggested method for setting beginning balances ....... 16
SECTION FOUR - INCOME AND EXPENSE BUDGET ....................... 17
SECTION FIVE - TRANSACTIONS .................................... 19
5a - Entering transactions ................................. 19
5b - Entering multiple debit or credit transactions ........ 21
5c - Changing transactions ................................. 23
5d - Deleting transactions ................................. 24
5e - Points to remember .................................... 25
SECTION SIX - ACCOUNT RECONCILIATION ........................... 26
6a - Selecting an account .................................. 26
6b - Clearing transactions ................................. 26
6c - Printing outstanding transactions ..................... 27
6d - Running the reconciliation ............................ 27
6e - If you are out of balance ............................. 28
SECTION SEVEN - REPORTS ........................................ 30
7a - Explanations of reports ............................... 30
7b - General instructions for generating reports ........... 32
SECTION EIGHT - GRAPHICS ....................................... 36
8a - Hardware requirements for graphics display ............ 36
8b - Creating graphs ....................................... 36
SECTION NINE - SORTING TRANSACTIONS ............................ 38
PAGE 1
FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
SECTION TEN - CHANGING ACCOUNT NUMBERS ......................... 39
SECTION ELEVEN - END OF PERIOD POSTINGS ........................ 40
SECTION TWELVE - ENHANCEMENTS & HINTS .......................... 42
12a - Enhancements by version .............................. 42
12b - Helpful hints and suggestions ........................ 43
SECTION THIRTEEN - FINANCE MANAGER II DISK FILE NAMES .......... 45
APPENDIX A - BASIC ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES ....................... 46
APPENDIX B - SAMPLE REPORTS AND GRAPHS ......................... 52
USER COMMENT FORM .............................................. 53
ORDER FORM ..................................................... 54
UPGRADE COMPATIBILITY WARNING
THIS VERSION OF FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER HAS A NEW DATA
FILE FORMAT. THIS FORMAT CHANGE MAKES DATA FILES FROM ALL PRIOR
VERSIONS INCOMPATIBLE WITH THIS NEW VERSION. A DATAFILE CONVERSION
PROGRAM IS INCLUDED ON YOUR GENERAL LEDGER DOCUMENTATION AND DEMO
DISK. TO USE THIS CONVERSION PROGRAM FOLLOW THE STEPS LISTED BELOW:
1. Copy the CONV-12.COM file from your ORIGINAL registered FINANCE
MANAGER DOCUMENTATION AND DEMO DISK to the DATA disk with the files
to be converted.
2. Put this data disk in the default drive and enter the command
"CONV-12". Before converting your older data files you must be
sure that your data disk has free space of equal to or greater than
the size of your "????????.GLT" datafile. Also, be sure you have a
backup copy of your data disk before running this conversion
program.
3. Enter the filename of the file to be converted.
If you have data files from versions prior to FINANCE MANAGER II
version 1.0, we have older conversion programs available, please
contact us by phone and we will be happy to help you.
CONVERSION PROGRAM IS ONLY AVAILABLE TO REGISTERED USERS.
PAGE 2
FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
SECTION ONE - GETTING STARTED
1a - Introduction
The FINANCE MANAGER - General Ledger module is a menu-driven,
double-entry bookkeeping system which is suitable for personal or
small business use. It is easy to use, but you must understand
double-entry (debits and credits) bookkeeping. For the novice, sample
accounts are provided to assist you in setting up your accounts, and
examples of basic transactions are provided.
The General Ledger keeps track of assets, liabilities, net worth,
income, and expenses. It also assists the small business owner in
spotting financial trends. The program records transactions,
categorizes them into various accounts, and generates a variety of
financial statements, reports, and graphs.
In addition to being a powerful management tool for the small
business, this module assists you, the individual, in the tasks
necessary to keep track of your financial standing. It performs
day-to-day functions such as monitoring the balances of bank accounts,
credit cards, loans, etc. In addition, this module tracks how closely
you are sticking to a budget. It documents all of your belongings,
thus providing a backup record for insurance purposes. The General
Ledger Module also provides a record of earnings and expenses, to
assist you in preparing your income tax paperwork.
The outstanding bookkeeping features in the General Ledger program
include the following:
* Maintains Accounts
- Stores up to 1999 accounts
- Tracks monthly budget for income and expense accounts
- Maintains multiple sets of books (e.g. home and work)
- Provides three subtotal levels
- Reconciles checking accounts or other accounts
- Maintains a detailed list of everything you own and
everyone you owe
* Records Transactions
- Allows up to 32,000 transactions per year (3,800 with
floppy disks)
- Sorts transactions by date order or by input order
- Permits multiple debits and credits per transaction
- Allows user to easily correct and/or delete transactions
- Provides a check number input field when entering
transactions
- Allows user to enter transactions from a previous month or
year
* Creates Financial Reports
- Provides full range of financial reports
PAGE 3
FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
- Reports by month, quarter or year
- Provides summary or trended (by month) reports
* Performs Fiscal Year Tasks
- All closing entries performed automatically by the system
- Beginning balances automatically set for new accounting
period
- Variable fiscal year or accounting period capability
* Creates Graphs of monthly account balances
System Features of the FINANCE MANAGER General Ledger Program
The advanced system features of FINANCE MANAGER include the following:
* Defaults for input fields to minimize data entry
* Validation of all inputs
* Customized configuration
* Ability to store reports to a disk file
* Active Chart of Accounts listing on bottom half of input screens
1b - System Flowcharts
-------------
| MAIN MENU |
-------------
|
--------------------------------------------------------
| | | | | |
INPUT FIND/CHANGE REPORTS CHART OF ACCOUNT UTILITY
TRANS TRANSACTION MENU ACCOUNTS RECONCIL MENU
MENU MENU
----------------
| REPORTS MENU |
----------------
|
----------------------------------------------------------------
| | | | | | | | |
GENERAL | INCOME | SOURCES | CHART OF | TRIAL
JOURNAL | STATEMENT | & USES | ACCOUNTS | BALANCE
ACCOUNT BALANCE BUDGET BUDGET
HISTORY SHEET VARIANCE LISTING
PAGE 4
FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
--------------------------
| CHART OF ACCOUNTS MENU |
--------------------------
|
---------------------
| |
INPUT INPUT
CHART OF ACCOUNTS INCOME & EXPENSE
BUDGET
-------------------------------
| ACCOUNT RECONCILIATION MENU |
-------------------------------
|
------------------------------------------
| | | |
SELECT CLEAR PRINT RUN
ACCOUNT OUTSTANDING OUTSTANDING RECONCILIATION
TO TRANSACTIONS TRANSACTIONS
RECONCILE
------------------
| UTILITIES MENU |
------------------
|
-------------------------------------------
| | | |
GRAPHICS SORT CHANGE END OF
DISPLAY TRANSACTIONS TRANSACTION PERIOD
ACCOUNT POSTING
NUMBER
1c - Setting up your own books
Below is a list of steps to follow when using the FINANCE MANAGER
General Ledger for the first time. This list assumes that you have
read the "Getting Started Manual", and that you are now ready to set
up your own "live" data files. These brief steps are not intended to
replace reading the manual, but are merely intended to provide a
systematic step-by-step way of getting going on your own.
1. If you have not already done so, follow the INSTALL procedures in
the Getting Started Manual.
2. Start FINANCE MANAGER (see Getting Started Manual). To set up
your own books you should have a blank data disk in drive B: (not
necessary if you have a hard disk).
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FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
3. At the Disk drive prompt enter the drive letter where you want to
put your data files, usually B: (or C: if you have a hard disk).
4. At the Enter Filename prompt, enter the name (any name) of the
data file you want to create. Next, answer the Create File (Y/N)
with a "Y".
5. Enter the two line company name you wish to see on your reports.
(See Changing the company name in the Getting Started Manual).
6. You will now be at the Master Menu.
7. OPTIONAL: If you wish you may go to the System Utilities Menu and
change any system defaults. This may, however, be done
at any time, and it is not necessary in order to run the
General Ledger.
8. Next you must set up your Chart of Accounts (See Section Three -
The Chart of Accounts).
9. After setting up your Accounts, you may print a copy of it using
the Chart of Account Report (Section Seven - Reports).
10. You are now ready to Enter Transactions (Section Five -
Transactions).
11. After you have entered some transactions you may print a General
Journal Report to see what you have done so far (Section Seven -
Reports).
12. Print any other reports as required. The two most useful
financial reports are the Income Statement and the Balance Sheet.
Again these basic steps are only intended to show you the order of
getting started with your own books. Please read all related sections
before beginning.
PAGE 6
FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
SECTION TWO - THE GENERAL LEDGER MAIN MENU
The General Ledger Main Menu is a starting point for virtually all of
the FINANCE MANAGER features which are needed to perform the General
Ledger functions. It may be compared to a "Table of Contents" for the
General Ledger program. It can also guide you to all of the other
sub-menus for the entire General Ledger program.
The General Ledger Main Menu appears as follows:
--------------------------------------
| GENERAL LEDGER MAIN MENU |
--------------------------------------
| |
| ESC Return to Master Menu |
| |
| F1 Input Transactions |
| F2 CHANGE/Delete Transactions |
| F3 REPORTS Menu |
| F4 CHART OF ACCOUNTS Menu |
| F5 Account Reconciliation Menu |
| F6 Utility Menu |
| |
| |
| ENTER YOUR SELECTION: |
| |
| |
--------------------------------------
Note that many of the selections are used to go on to other menus.
All of the "F" selections are discussed in later sections in this
documentation.
PAGE 7
FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
SECTION THREE - THE CHART OF ACCOUNTS
The Chart of Accounts is the foundation upon which your financial
management program is built. Creating an accurate and logical Chart
of Accounts is imperative, if you wish to correctly input and retrieve
data. We strongly recommend that you review the sample Chart of
Accounts on the two demo files, and use them as guides in setting up
your own accounts.
In this section, we first describe the elements included in a Chart of
Accounts; then we describe the procedures for entering, changing, or
deleting account numbers. If you don't have much expertise in
double-entry bookkeeping, or in the terminology used, you will find it
worthwhile to become acquainted with some of the basic principles
described in Appendix A.
The Chart of Accounts Menu is selection F4 at the General Ledger Main
Menu. It appears as follows:
---------------------------------------
|GENERAL LEDGER CHART OF ACCOUNTS MENU|
---------------------------------------
| |
| ESC Return to GL Main Menu |
| |
| F1 Update Chart of Accounts |
| F2 Input/Change Budgets |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| ENTER YOUR SELECTION: |
| |
| |
---------------------------------------
3a - What is a Chart of Accounts?
The Chart of Accounts is a detailed listing of all your financial
accounts. This listing includes all assets, liabilities, income and
expenses. Also included are a Capital account and a Retained Earnings
account.
3b - Types of Account Numbers
Each transaction posted to FINANCE MANAGER, must be posted to at least
two accounts from the Chart of Accounts. At least one account is
debited, and at least one account is credited, during each
transaction.
PAGE 8
FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
A total of 1999 different accounts may be listed in your Chart of
Accounts. Each account must be assigned a type code, and a number
between 1 and 9999. The account types are represented as follows:
A = ASSETS Money you have. Things you own. Money owed to
you (includes cash, car, furniture, etc.).
L = LIABILITIES Debts (e.g., loans, credit cards).
C = CAPITAL OR EQUITY Starting net worth or money invested in company.
R = RETAINED EARNINGS Used by the system to record net income and net
equity (shows all profit related increases or
decreases in equity).
I = INCOME Earnings, paychecks, cash received.
E = EXPENSE Money you pay out for goods or services (e.g.,
rent, gas, food, etc.).
3c - Organization of the Chart of Accounts
A sample Chart of Accounts listing is included in Appendix B. After
reviewing this listing, notice the following characteristics:
- The Asset accounts are assigned the lowest numbers. Followed by
Liabilities, Capital/Equity, Retained Earnings, Income, and then
Expenses.
- There is only one Retained Earnings "R" account type.
- All accounts of the same type are grouped together.
- Numbers are not assigned in immediate sequence. This helps when
inserting new account numbers at a later date. New account
numbers can be inserted in the most logical sequence.
- We suggest assigning account numbers as listed below, so that
all accounts of the same type are grouped together in the same
series of account numbers:
1 - 1999 Assets
2000 - 2999 Liabilities
3000 - 3999 Capital and Retained Earnings
4000 - 4999 Income
5000 - 5999 Expenses
- Account numbers ending with a 9 or a 99 are subtotal account
numbers.
PAGE 9
FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
3d - Subtotals
Account numbers which end in "9" or "99" are reserved for subtotals in
the Chart of Accounts. They are provided exclusively for you to use
in defining your own subtotal groups.
Again, by referring to the sample Chart of Accounts listing in
Appendix B, or by looking at the Sample Accounts on your screen, you
can see how the subtotals may be labeled and used.
By referring to the sample Income Statement in Appendix B, you can see
how FINANCE MANAGER calculates your designated totals and subtotals:
- Subtotal group 1 consists of account numbers ending in "9".
These account numbers provide a subtotal of all accounts of the
same type since the last group 1 subtotal.
- Subtotal group 2 uses accounts ending in "99". These accounts
subtotal back to the previous 99. Also, group 2 accounts clear
the balance of any group 1 subtotal account.
- You do not need to assign an account number for Grand Totals.
On reports, the FINANCE MANAGER program automatically creates a
bottom line figure, or a Grand Total, for each account type.
- You may set up as many or as few subtotal accounts as you wish.
The only restriction is in the number of eligible account
numbers between 9 and 9999. The General Ledger Program allows a
total of 1999 actual accounts.
- Subtotal numbers should be assigned the same account type as the
group of accounts for which they are creating subtotals.
- Subtotals should each be assigned a unique, descriptive name and
short name (see below for definition of "short name").
As mentioned above, these accounts are for subtotals only. They do
not have beginning balances, and you are not allowed to post
transactions to them; however, you may graph them using the graphics
function described in Section Eight.
3e - Chart of Accounts Data Fields
Each account in the Chart of Accounts includes several elements.
These elements, or fields, are used when entering data for each
account. The method for entering accounts is described later in this
section. The data fields are defined below:
ACCOUNT NUMBER The first field entered is the account number.
If the account is a normal account (as opposed
to a subtotal account), FINANCE MANAGER prompts
you for all of the fields listed below. If the
account is a subtotal account (determined by
PAGE 10
FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
whether or not the number ends with a "9"), the
program prompts you for all of the information
listed below except the Beginning Balance.
ACCOUNT NAME The account name entered should clearly identify
the specific account or subtotal field.
SHORT NAME This field consists of a unique five-character
abbreviation of the account name. You may
assign any five characters to identify an
account. This Short Name will be used as an
account identifier when entering transactions.
You should try to keep SHORT NAMES unique.
ACCOUNT TYPE This field consists of a one-character account
identification. The following values are the
only values allowed: A, L, C, R, I, or E.
BEGINNING BALANCE The beginning balance is usually zero, but the
beginning-balance option is provided for your
convenience. Any time you enter a beginning
balance of more than zero, or make a change to a
beginning balance, you run the risk of an
out-of-balance situation. The default value for
the beginning balance is zero. You cannot enter
a beginning balance on subtotal accounts.
PLEASE NOTE: Income & expense accounts are
period accounts and thus do not
have a beginning balance.
NOTE: When you enter amounts, use a positive number. A positive
beginning balance is always the normal balance associated with
that specific account type (e.g., Assets = debit, Liabilities =
credit, etc.) See Appendix A for a detailed explanation.
3f - Getting Familiar with the Chart of Accounts
Before beginning to enter your own Chart of Accounts, follow the
procedures listed below, using only the Demo Accounts.
1. After starting FINANCE MANAGER , select your "set of books"
(see the Getting Started Manual). For learning purposes,
select the file "HOME". At the FINANCE MANAGER Master Menu,
select F2.
2. Now you are at the General Ledger Main Menu. Select F4. This
brings you to the General Ledger Chart of Accounts Menu.
3. At the General Ledger Chart of Accounts Menu, select F1. The
next screen displays the following fields:
Enter Account Number (1-9999):____
PAGE 11
FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
Enter Account Name:_________________________ Enter Short Name:_____
Enter Account Type (A,L,C,R,I,E):_ Enter Beginning Balance:_________
4. The cursor will be positioned at the "Enter Account Number"
prompt.
On the lower half of your screen, you can see a portion of the
active Chart of Accounts. Seeing your accounts as they appear
in the Chart of Accounts is helpful when you are inserting new
accounts into an existing Chart of Accounts.
The highlighted account is a pointer, showing the selected
account. To move the highlighted account up or down, press the
up or down arrows on the keypad while the cursor is positioned
at the Enter Account Number prompt. If you move the default
pointer down a few lines, notice how the list scrolls.
You may select an existing account number by moving the
highlighted pointer up or down to the desired account and then
press ENTER. To set up a NEW account number you must type in a
new account number.
Again, notice how the Demo file Chart of Accounts is organized.
These are typical examples of Chart of Accounts.
5. If you like, enter some data into the Sample Accounts for
practice.
6. To return to the Chart of Accounts Menu, press ESC.
Before entering your own Chart of Accounts, practice by entering a new
account number into one of the existing sample accounts. This will
familiarize you with how to enter/change account numbers.
3g - Entering Your Chart of Accounts
When you actually enter your own Chart of Accounts, it would be a good
idea to collate your paperwork, checks, statements, etc. in a logical
account number and order type (i.e. Put all assets together in the
order you want them to appear on reports, but don't forget about
possible subtotals).
When you enter your Chart of Accounts, be sure to have an organized
plan of the different accounts you wish to enter. You may wish to use
the sample accounts as an example, but you should not use the Demo
files as your own accounts. You must create a new file and enter all
new accounts.
To create a new file, first return to the FINANCE MANAGER Master Menu
(Press the ESC key until your are there). When you are at the Master
Menu, enter one more ESC. The program will then prompt "DO YOU WANT
TO RESTART (Y/N):_" Enter "Y".
PAGE 12
FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
Read over the Getting Started manual for detailed instructions on
assigning/creating a filename and new database.
NOTE: Remember, if you have a hard disk, your new file should be
created on drive C:. If you have two floppy disks, your new
file should be created on drive B:. Keep this in mind when you
are entering the disk drive prompt data.
After creating a new file, you are ready to enter your new Chart of
Accounts. The procedures listed below may be used as an example
either when trying to enter new accounts into the existing Sample
Accounts, or when entering your own Chart of Accounts.
1. Select F1 at the Chart of Accounts Menu.
2. At the input screen, the cursor should be positioned at the
"Enter Account Number" prompt. Unless you are entering your
very first account number into a new Chart of Accounts, there
should already be default data in this field.
3. Instead of using the default data, enter a new number. For
example, you might want to enter an account for a Certificate
of Deposit. Since this account is an asset, it would be
assigned a number between 1 and 1999.
4. First, enter the account number. For example:
Enter Account Number (1-9999):550_
5. Assign the account name:
Enter Account Name:Certificate of Deposit___
6. Assign a unique short name:
Enter Short Name:C.D._
7. Assign the account type:
Enter Account Type (A,L,C,R,I,E):A
8. Enter the beginning balance:
Enter Beginning Balance:0________
When entering beginning balances the program will inform you
that you are out of balance. This is normal until you have
entered all of your beginning balances. See section 3k -
Setting Beginning Balances for more information.
9. If you make a mistake in a previous field and would like to
change it, you can go back to a previous field by pressing the
Backspace key.
10. Once all of the data has been entered correctly, answer "Y" at
the "ARE INPUTS CORRECT Y/N:". (If you want to answer "N", the
PAGE 13
FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
cursor returns to the account number prompt and the previous
input is ignored.)
11. Your new account is now entered into the FINANCE MANAGER Chart
of Accounts.
NOTE: Please note that the account number just added is now
inserted into the list at the bottom half of your screen.
Use the cursor keys, when at the account number field
described above, when you wish to scroll through the
active account numbers to find the one you just added.
If you have added your account correctly, it will now be
in numeric order in this list.
12. The cursor should once again be at the account number field.
Repeat steps 2 - 11 until you have finished entering all of
your initial Chart of Account accounts. To return to the Chart
of Accounts menu at any time, enter ESC.
13. Any time you need to print a current Chart of Accounts listing,
you can do so by using the Reports Menu (see Section 7 - Chart
of Accounts report).
3h - Making Changes/Modifying the Chart of Accounts
The steps below outline the procedure for making a change in the Chart
of Accounts.
1. Select F1 at the Chart of Accounts Menu.
2. With the cursor at the account number prompt, type in the
account number you wish to change. Instead of typing a number,
you may accept the default account by simply pressing ENTER.
To choose a different account, move the highlighted pointer
line by using the up and down keypad arrows.
3. Because the account number you have entered is an existing
account, the system prompts:
ACTIVE ACCOUNT Modify/Delete/Quit(M/D/Q):_
Answer this prompt with "M". You are now in the change mode.
4. Make any desired changes. Press ENTER to leave any field as
is.
5. If you would like to go back to a previous field while you are
entering data, you may do so by pressing the Backspace key.
6. After you have entered data in and/or skipped over all of the
input fields, the system prompts "ARE INPUTS CORRECT Y/N:"
Press "Y" to accept your changes. If you enter "N" instead,
the system ignores any modifications and the cursor returns to
the account number field.
PAGE 14
FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
3i - Deleting Chart of Account Numbers
When deleting account numbers from the chart of accounts there must be
a zero beginning balance on the account, and there may be no
transactions using that account number. If there is a beginning
balance or transactions for the account to be deleted, FINANCE MANAGER
will not allow the account to be deleted. If you have a beginning
balance, or transactions for the account, you must follow the steps
listed below in order to delete the account.
Practice deleting accounts from the Sample Accounts before deleting an
account from your own Chart of Accounts.
1. If there is a beginning balance on the account, you must move
the beginning balance amount to a new account number. Do this
by ADDING the beginning balance from this account, to the
beginning balance of another account. Next, change the
beginning balance to zero on the account to be deleted. This
procedure will ensure that after you delete the account you
will still be in balance.
2. If there are any transactions for the account number you are
trying to delete, FINANCE MANAGER will tell you so. In order
to remove these transactions, you should follow the procedures
in Section Ten - Changing Account Numbers.
3. After successfully following steps one and two, as shown above,
you will now be allowed to delete the account.
4. To actually delete the account, select F1 at the Chart of
Accounts Menu.
5. Then enter the number of the account to be deleted while at the
Enter Account Number prompt. The system will then prompt:
ACTIVE ACCOUNT Modify/Delete/Quit(M/D/Q):_
6. Select "D". The account is removed. If the account has either
a beginning balance, or transactions, the system will tell you
and the deletion will not be completed.
3j - Creating A New Set of Books With the Same Chart of Accounts
To create a set of books for a different company or name, but with the
same Chart of Accounts, copy the "[filename].CHR" file from your data
disk to a new data disk. Then, rename the file. By doing this, you
can avoid the process of re-entering the Chart of Accounts. Next, it
is important that you set the beginning balances for all accounts to
zero.
PAGE 15
FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
3k - Suggested Method for Setting Beginning Balances
When setting up your books for the first time, you must set your
beginning balances. If you are starting a new company, your beginning
balances would be zero, so this section obviously wouldn't apply to
you.
The method for setting the beginning balances is explained below:
1. This method is to enter beginning balances when setting up your
Chart of Accounts. Please note that while you are setting up
account numbers with beginning balances, the system will tell
you how much you are out of balance. Do not be concerned with
this out-of-balance condition before all of your Asset and
Liability accounts are added, and your beginning balances are
set.
2. After you have finished entering all of your Asset and
Liability beginning balances, you would normally be out of
balance by the difference between your total assets, less your
total liabilities (this is the out-of-balance amount shown on
your screen). Enter this difference in your first
Capital/Equity type "C" account beginning balance. This amount
is your starting Equity. After doing this, the out-of-balance
message will go away.
PAGE 16
FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
SECTION FOUR - INCOME AND EXPENSE BUDGET
FINANCE MANAGER allows you to keep track of your budget for any given
income or expense account. You can determine how closely you are
adhering to your budget by printing the Budget Variance report (See
section Seven "Reports" and also Appendix B for examples).
The procedures in this section describe how to add budget amounts to
your FINANCE MANAGER database:
1. At the Chart of Accounts Menu, select F2.
2. The following screen appears:
Enter Month of Budget (1-13):__
Enter Account Number (1-9999):____ Enter JANUARY Budget:_______
3. Enter the month number of the budget you would like to enter.
Enter Month of Budget (1-13):13
Month 13 is used for all months. For example, if you want to
set up a budget for your car payment, which is the same every
month, you would select month 13. When entering the Budget
amount, this amount would be entered in all 12 months. This
eliminates having to enter the same budget figure 12 times (one
for each month).
4. At the Enter Account Number, you should enter the account
number for which you would like to set up a budget.
Enter Account Number (1-9999):5000
This account number must be an active Income or Expense account
which has previously been set up during your Chart of Accounts
setup. This field works similar to the account number field
used in the Chart of accounts setup. The active income and
expense accounts which may have budget amounts assigned to
them, are listed at the bottom half of the screen.
The current selected account, and it's default data, are
highlighted by the default line pointer. Remember, the
highlighted default account pointer can be moved up/down via
the up/down keypad arrow key. The selected budget month can
also be changed by using the left/right keypad arrow keys to
move to the next or previous month. The keypad arrow keys are
only active when at the Enter Account Number field.
5. Next,enter the monthly budget amount for the selected month.
Enter ALL MONTH Budget:200____
After you have entered this amount you will return to the Enter
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FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
Account Number field and you may enter a budget for another
account or month.
You may now select another account number, or use the BACKSPACE key
(or left/right keypad keys) to change the month number.
When you have finished entering budget data, press ESC to return to
the Chart of Accounts Menu. At that point your budget will be written
to disk and saved. You may print a copy of all of your budget data by
printing the Budget Listing report (see Section Seven on reports).
As mentioned above, the budget data you enter is reported in the
Budget Variance report. The Budget Variance report can be run either
as a year-to-date cumulative report, or as a trended (by month)
report.
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FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
SECTION FIVE - TRANSACTIONS
Any transaction which changes your financial standing, such as from
making a savings account deposit to being charged interest on a loan,
should be recorded in your FINANCE MANAGER program. These
transactions are recorded via Journal Entries.
We refer to Journal Entries as "Transactions". Anything affecting
your Balance Sheet, or Income Statement position, (i.e. anything
involving money) needs to be stored in FINANCE MANAGER as a
transaction.
5a - Entering Transactions
Each transaction involves the debiting of one account, and the
crediting of another account. When entering debits and credits, an
easy rule to remember is that a credit is where money (or funds) come
from, and a debit is where money goes to. If you are new to double
entry bookkeeping, some basic sample transactions are included on the
demo accounts. Print a General Journal report (see Section Seven) to
get a listing of these sample transactions.
As you enter each transaction, FINANCE MANAGER checks it to ensure
that it is in balance (i.e. Debit $ = Credit $). If your accounts in
your Chart of Accounts have been set up in balance, FINANCE MANAGER
will always keep your accounts in balance.
1. To begin entering transactions, select F1 "Input Transactions"
at the General Ledger Main Menu. The following screen appears:
Item Date:__-__-__ Description:_____________________
DEBIT:Check Num:_____ Account Number:____ Amount:_________
CREDIT:Check Num:_____ Account Number:____ Amount:_________
2. When entering transactions, the last transaction entered always
provides the default data (unless, of course, this is your very
first FINANCE MANAGER transaction). To accept default data in
any field, simply press ENTER in that field.
3. Enter the Item Date:
Item Date:_1-12-87
The item date is the date on which the actual transaction
occurred.
4. Enter the description:
Description:Safeway Food Store___
The "Description" field may be used to specify the purpose of
the transaction. For example, you may want to indicate why or
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FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
to whom a check was written.
5. Enter the debit check number:
DEBIT:Check Num:____
In the Check Num field, you may enter the check number for the
transaction, or you may use the field to indicate other
qualities about the transaction. For instance, if the
transaction involved an automated teller, you might indicate
"ATM" in the check number field. If the transaction involved a
deposit, you might want to indicate "DEP" in the check number
field. In this case, we would leave the field blank since the
check is written as a credit, and the check number would be
entered in the credit check number field. If this would have
been a deposit, we might have put "DEP" in this field.
FINANCE MANAGER can automatically increment the check number
for you, once the initial check number has been input. To
increment check numbers, press "+" and ENTER. Also, you have
an option of entering "=" which will make the check number the
same as your last transactions check number. To clear a check
number just enter a space and press ENTER.
6. Enter the debit account number:
Account Number:5050 [Food]
At the debit and credit Account prompt, you may fill in the
account number, or you can choose the account (the Chart of
Accounts are highlighted on the lower half of the screen) by
using the keypad arrows with Num Lock off. Press ENTER when
the highlighted account has been selected.
7. Enter the debit amount:
Amount:143.27___
This is the amount of the check written to Safeway Food Store.
8. Enter the credit check number:
CREDIT:Check Num:1234
As this example is for a check written the check number should
be entered. Also, see debit check number above.
9. Enter the credit account number:
Account Number:1010 [Checking Account]
10. Enter the credit amount:
Amount:143.27___
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FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
The Debit Amount/Credit Amount should, in most cases, match one
another. If you do not enter a credit amount, the program
defaults to the same amount as the debit amount.
If the debit and credit amounts do not match, the program tells
you that your account is out of balance. If you need multiple
debit or credit transactions, refer to "Entering Multiple Debit
or Credit Transactions" below).
11. If you are entering a transaction and you want to go back to a
previous field, you can back up by using the Backspace key.
12. You may abort the transaction at any time by pressing ESC.
13. To accept the transaction:
ARE INPUTS CORRECT (Y/N):Y
Answer the prompt with "Y". FINANCE MANAGER will accept the
transaction. The cursor will then return to the Item Date
field ready for the next transaction. If you answer this
prompt with a "N" you will return to the date field and be
allowed to make any changes/corrections necessary.
14. After you have entered all desired transactions, press ESC to
return to the General Ledger Main Menu.
5b - Entering Multiple Debit or Credit Transactions
Most transactions have only one debit and one credit. There are some
instances, however, when there are several debits or credits for a
single transaction. FINANCE MANAGER allows for multiple debit and/or
credit entry, thus preventing out of balance situations. The maximum
multiple transaction parts in one transaction is 25.
Multiple debit or credit transactions are entered just like any other
transaction, except the initial debit and credit amounts are
different. For example:
You would like to record a furniture purchase of $100.00. The
check was written for $105.50 because of sales tax. You have
decided to record your sales tax in a separate account, so you
need to debit both "Furniture" [Asset] and "Sales Tax" [Expense].
This transaction has two debits and one credit. To complete this
transaction, follow the steps outlined below:
1. Follow steps 1-5 in "Entering Transactions".
2. Enter the debit account number:
Account Number:1700 [furniture]
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FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
3. Enter the subtotal purchase amount:
Amount:100.00
4. Enter the check number for the credit account:
CREDIT:Check Num:1023
5. Enter the account number:
Account Number:1010 [Checking Account]
6. Enter the credit amount:
Amount: 105.50
7. At the prompt, answer "Y".
ARE INPUTS CORRECT (Y/N):Y
8. At the "Out of Balance" prompt, answer "Y".
TRANSACTION IS OUT OF BALANCE, CONTINUE (Y/N):Y
9. When the screen reappears, notice that there is a column
labeled "CUM AMT", at the right,which registers the cumulative
credit and debit amounts.
10. Now the second part of the transaction needs to be recorded,
namely, the recording of the sales tax for the transaction.
11. Enter the debit account number:
Account Number:5670 [sales tax]
12. Enter the sales tax amount:
Amount:5.50
Note that the system default for the debit amount field is the
cumulative remaining amount to balance the transaction.
13. Answer the "ARE INPUTS CORRECT" prompt with a "Y":
ARE INPUTS CORRECT (Y/N):Y
14. In this example, the transaction would now be in balance.
You may, in some cases, have a situation in which there are more than
two debits for one credit, or multiple credits for one debit. FINANCE
MANAGER continues to prompt you for more debit/credit amounts until
the transaction is in balance, up to a maximum of 25 parts. You can
have FINANCE MANAGER calculate the amount needed to balance the
transaction by pressing ENTER while in the amount field.
Also of note: When you are entering multiple transactions, FINANCE
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FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
MANAGER will go to either the debit or credit side of the transaction,
depending on which has a lower cumulative amount. If you wish to put
an amount on the other side of the transaction, move forward or
backward by using the return and backspace keys respectively.
5c - Changing Transactions
If you discover an error in an earlier transaction, or if you would
like to change previously entered information, FINANCE MANAGER allows
you to do so. Outlined below are the procedures for changing
previously entered transactions:
1. Select "F2" at the General Ledger Main Menu.
2. The system prompts you for "Transaction Search Data".
3. Enter data in the fields which you want to match that data.
For example, if you want to search for all transactions which
have a description of "Safeway Food Store", you would move to
the description field and enter the description. Upper and
lower case do not matter, and you do not have to complete the
description. For example, if you entered only the first part
of the description, "safe", FINANCE MANAGER will find all
descriptions which begin with the letters "safe" (i.e.
"Safeway Food Store"). You could also add a month and year
parameter to the search, and you would find only the "safe"
descriptions in a particular month.
Any field left blank is an assumed wildcard for that field.
Therefore, if you leave ALL of the fields blank, all
transactions are selected by the search.
4. Next, FINANCE MANAGER searches for all transactions containing
the values you have specified. As each transaction is
displayed, the program displays the following prompt:
Modify/Delete/Continue/Reverse/Begin/End/+/-/Quit:
You must select M,D,C,R,B,E,+,-, or Q. Where:
M = Modify (change) transaction shown.
D = Delete (remove) transaction shown.
C = Continue (find next transaction that matches search).
R = Reverse continue (find prior tran. that matches search).
B = Beginning (go to first transaction in file).
E = Ending (go to last transaction in file).
+ = Go to next consecutive transaction in file.
- = Go to prior consecutive transaction in file.
Q = Quit transaction search.
5. As long as you continue to answer the above prompt with "C",
FINANCE MANAGER continues searching for all transactions
containing the values you have specified. Selecting "R" does
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FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
the same as "C" except it searches backwards.
6. Answering the prompt with a "+" causes FINANCE MANAGER to
display the next consecutive transaction; a "-" shows you the
previous transaction.
7. Entering a "B" or an "E" will take you to the Beginning or End
of the transaction file respectivly. It ignores your search
paramaters.
8. When the search function displays the transaction you wish to
change, answer the prompt with an "M" (Modify).
9. You are now in the change mode. ENTER leaves a field
unchanged. Change data in any field by typing in the new value
for the given field.
10. If you have made a mistake, or would like to return to a
previous field, use the Backspace key. Use the ESC key to
ignore your changes and return to the Main Menu.
11. If your changes cause the transaction to be out of balance, the
system will not accept your change. You must re-enter your
changes, making sure your cumulative debits equal cumulative
credits.
NOTE: If you are changing a transaction with multiple debits and/or
credits you can not change the number of parts the transaction
had originally. If you need to change the number of parts of a
transaction we suggest that you delete the old transaction and
add a completely new one.
5d - Deleting Transactions
To delete or remove a transaction permanently, do the following:
1. Select F2 at the General Ledger Main Menu.
2. Enter search data and find desired transaction as described in
"Changing Transactions".
3. When the transaction you wish to delete is displayed on the
screen, answer "D" at the:
Modify/Delete/Continue/Reverse/Begin/End/+/-/Quit:
4. When you are deleting a multiple part transaction, all parts of
the transaction are deleted.
5. After you have deleted the desired transaction(s), you may use
the "Sort" function. (See Section Nine "General Ledger
Utilities Menu - Sorting Transactions.") When sorting the
transactions, the program frees disk space formerly used by
deleted transactions.
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FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
5e - Points to Remember
Each transaction must have at least one debit and one credit.
When entering transactions, try to remember that when you write a
check, in most cases the transaction should reflect a credit to your
checking account. Likewise, when you make a deposit to a bank
account, the transaction usually should reflect a debit to the bank
account.
ANOTHER WAY OF REMEMBERING DEBITS AND CREDITS: A CREDIT IS WHERE MONEY
CAME FROM AND A DEBIT IS WHERE MONEY IS GOING TO.
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FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
SECTION SIX - ACCOUNT RECONCILIATION
The account reconciliation function has been created to automate the
balancing of your checkbook. It can also help you to monitor your
credit card statements. This module must be purchased separately (see
order form).
To begin the FINANCE MANAGER account reconciliation process, select F5
at the General Ledger Main Menu. F5 brings you to the Account
Reconciliation Menu. The Account Reconciliation Menu appears as
follows:
----------------------------------------
| NO ACCOUNT SELECTED |
----------------------------------------
| |
| ESC Return to GL Main Menu |
| |
| F1 Select Account to Reconcile |
| F2 Clear Outstanding Transactions |
| F3 Print Outstanding Transactions |
| F4 Run Reconciliation |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| ENTER YOUR SELECTION: |
| |
| |
----------------------------------------
6a - Selecting An Account
1. To start reconciling an account, select F1 at the Account
Reconciliation Menu. The system prompts you as follows:
Enter Account to Reconcile:___
2. After you answer the prompt with the account number you wish to
reconcile, the system begins to read the transactions for the
designated account. A counting register appears on the screen.
3. When FINANCE MANAGER finishes reading all transactions for the
selected account, the Account Reconciliation Menu reappears,
but the heading "NO ACCOUNT SELECTED" is replaced with the name
of the selected account (e.g. "Checking Account").
6b - Clearing Transactions
The next step in the reconciliation process is the flagging (clearing)
PAGE 26
FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
of any of the transactions shown on your bank statement, or on any
other statements. To flag transactions, follow the procedures listed
below:
1. Select F2 at the Account Reconciliation Menu. The next screen
lists all transactions for that account.
2. The far right column of the listing is labeled "CL". To clear
a transaction, first move the cursor/pointer to the desired
transaction. To move the cursor/pointer, use the up/down
keypad arrows. In the column labeled "CL", flag the
transaction by entering "Y" or "*". Whether you type "Y" or
"*", the flag always appears as "*".
3. If you accidentally flag a transaction that has not cleared on
your statement, typing a space removes the flag.
4. After you have finished flagging all cleared transactions, hit
the ESC key to return to the menu.
NOTE: You must flag every transaction shown on your bank statement.
If one of the transactions shown on your bank statement is not
reflected in your FINANCE MANAGER transactions, you must return
to the Input Transactions selection on the main menu and add the
missing transaction.
6c - Printing Outstanding Transactions
FINANCE MANAGER provides you with a listing of all transactions which
you have not yet flagged as "cleared". To obtain this listing, select
F3 at the Account Reconciliation Menu.
1. The following prompt appears:
TO SCREEN/PRINTER/DISK (S/P/D):_
2. Select S,P or D above for report destination. The listing of
outstanding transactions will be printed.
If you select "D" for disk, the system will prompt you for a
disk filename. Enter a filename of up to eight characters.
The file will be saved on your data disk with the file
extension of ".RPT". If a file with the name entered already
exists, the system will tell you so and ask if you want to
delete the old file. If you answer "N", the report will be
appended to the already existing disk file.
6d - Running the Reconciliation
After flagging all cleared transactions, you are ready to actually
reconcile your statement to your posted transactions.
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FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
1. Select "F4" at the Account Reconciliation Menu.
2. Answer the following prompt:
ENTER STATEMENT ENDING BALANCE:_________
3. After entering the ending balance from your statement, press
ENTER. FINANCE MANAGER then begins to calculate the
reconciliation.
4. After FINANCE MANAGER finishes its calculations, the
reconciliation results appear. An out-of-balance sample is
shown below:
YOUR ENDING BALANCE: 719.47
==========
STATEMENT ENDING BALANCE 1900.00
PLUS 1 OUTSTANDING DEBITS 995.00
LESS 10 OUTSTANDING CREDITS -2181.84
----------
ADJUSTED STATEMENT BALANCE 713.16
==========
DIFFERENCE 6.31
Print a Copy of this Reconciliation (Y/N):_
If you want a printed (on your printer) copy of the
reconciliation display answer the yes/no question above with a
"Y". Answering with a "N" will take you back to the menu.
6e - If You Are Out Of Balance
If your ending balance is higher than the bank's balance, or another
financial institution's adjusted ending balance, chances are you have
missed one of the following:
1. You did not enter a service charge in your transactions.
2. You marked a deposit or payment (debit) as cleared, but the
deposit or payment is not reflected on your statement.
3. You forgot to enter an automatic withdrawal (credit) or an ATM
transaction in your FINANCE MANAGER transactions.
4. You entered a check or charge as a debit instead of a credit.
If your ending balance is lower than the bank's adjusted ending
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FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
balance, chances are you have overlooked something. For example:
1. You entered a check (credit) twice in FINANCE MANAGER.
2. You flagged a check or credit as cleared, but it is not
reflected on your statement.
3. You forgot to record a deposit in FINANCE MANAGER.
4. You entered a deposit or payment as a credit instead of a
debit.
If you are out of balance, it might help to print an Account History
Report (see Appendix B) on the account you are trying to reconcile.
This report lists all debits and credits posted to the specific
account. You can then compare your debits and credits with the bank's
transactions on your account.
Also, remember that the Account Reconciliation Menu provides the
option of allowing you to print a listing of outstanding transactions
on the particular account. Comparing this listing to your
statement(s) may help you to discover the discrepancy. There should
be no items on your listing which are on the bank's statement.
PAGE 29
FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
SECTION SEVEN - REPORTS
FINANCE MANAGER Reports Menu allows you to generate a full spectrum of
financial statements from your own database. The Reports Menu (F3 on
the General Ledger Main Menu) appears as follows:
--------------------------------------
| GENERAL LEDGER REPORTS MENU |
--------------------------------------
| |
| ESC Return to GL Main Menu |
| |
| F1 GENERAL JOURNAL |
| F2 Account History |
| F3 INCOME STATEMENT |
| F4 BALANCE SHEET |
| F5 Sources & Uses of Funds |
| F6 Budget Variance |
| F7 CHART OF ACCOUNTS |
| F8 Budget Listing |
| F9 Trial Balance |
| |
| ENTER YOUR SELECTION: |
| |
--------------------------------------
Explanations of the available reports are listed below. Examples of
the reports are shown in Appendix B.
Reports can be generated to show financial standing for a month, a
range of months, a quarter, a year, etc. In this section, we discuss
how reports can help you to get optimum results from your FINANCE
MANAGER program.
7a - Explanations of Reports
Each of the available FINANCE MANAGER General Ledger reports are
described below. Samples of these reports are shown in Appendix B or
may be printed while using the DEMO accounts (see Getting Started
manual).
General Journal Report: This report is a listing of all transactions
which took place during a specified period of
time.
Account History: An Account History Report can trace the
transaction activity against given account
numbers from your Chart of Accounts. You can
specify only one account, or you can get a
history for all of your accounts. This report
is excellent for keeping track of your
checking account activity. It is also very
helpful in tracking loan payments, thus
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FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
monitoring your loan balance. It can help
keep track of variations in monthly utility or
phone bills. You may want to keep in mind
that the Account History Report can be a very
long report if you select more than a few
accounts.
Income Statement: Also called a Profit and Loss report, the
Income Statement shows the net income (or net
loss, as the case may be) for a given period
of time. Simply stated, it is the total
income, less the total expenses. The report
may be run either as a cumulative report for a
specified period of time, or it may be trended
by month.
Balance Sheet Report: The Balance Sheet shows your financial
position or financial condition. The Balance
Sheet shows the ending balance for all of the
asset, liability, and equity accounts. For
more information on the basic elements of a
Balance Sheet, see Appendix A. The Balance
Sheet may also be run either as a cumulative
or as a trended report.
Sources and Uses This is a two-part report. The first part of
of Funds Statement: the report shows each account that qualifies
as a source of funds. Adjacent to each
account name is the amount of the "source".
The second part of the report lists the
accounts which reflect the use of the source
funds listed above. The bottom line total for
each part of the report should match. This
report can be either cumulative or trended.
Budget Variance Report: This reports the difference between the
monthly amount budgeted for a particular
expense account, and the actual amount used
for that expense account. If the Budget
Variance report is being generated for more
than one month, the report shows only
cumulative amounts, with one variance for the
cumulative amounts.
Chart of Accounts: This report lists the most current Chart of
Accounts. This is the report that should be
run before and after you make any changes to
the Chart of Accounts.
Budget Listing: This, like the Chart of Accounts, is a listing
of accounts. The accounts listed, however,
are only those which may have budget amounts
assigned to them (i.e., income and expense
accounts). The account name is listed,
accompanied by all other account data.
Instead of including a column for "Beginning
PAGE 31
FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
Balances", there is a column for "Budget
Amounts".
Trial Balance: This report provides a quick look at current
balances on all accounts. It is like a income
statement and balance sheet combined into one.
In old manual accounting systems, this report
would tell you if you are in balance. It is
provided here mainly as a convenience and for
completeness.
7b - General Instructions for Generating Reports
When using FINANCE MANAGER to generate financial reports, you have
three options. First, you can simply list reports to the screen.
Second, if you have a printer, you can print a hard copy of the
reports. You also have the option of sending your reports to a disk
file instead of to the printer. With this option, reports can be
stored and printed at a later date.
A "Destination" prompt is an option for each of the available reports.
To select the destination, answer the prompt below:
TO SCREEN/PRINTER/DISK (S/P/D):_
If you select "D" for disk, the system will prompt you for a disk
filename. Enter a filename of up to eight characters. The file will
be saved on your data disk with the file extension of ".RPT". If a
file with the name entered already exists, the system will tell you so
and ask if you want to delete the old file. If you answer "N", the
report will be appended to the already existing disk file.
When you select "P" for printer, you may pause the printing by
pressing any key. Please keep in mind that most printers have a print
buffer, so the report continues to print until the buffer is empty.
For most reports, you also need to specify reporting dates via the
"Date" prompt. The date prompt appears as follows:
ENTER DATE RANGE FOR REPORTS:
STARTING Month:__ Year:__
ENDING Month:__ Year:__
These dates determine which months and years are shown on your
reports. The ending month and year must be within twelve months of
the starting month and year. To get a year-to-date report, you might
select the dates 1-87 through 12-87. Likewise, if you want a first
quarter report, you could select 1-87 through 3-87.
When entering prompts for reports, remember that you may back up to a
previous field by pressing the Backspace key. If you want to go back
to the reports menu while you are at the input screen, press ESC. If
you want to return to the reports menu after your report has finished
listing to the screen, press ENTER.
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FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
Since there are different reporting options within reports, below are
some of the different types of input screen displays and the reports
to which they apply.
1. To run GENERAL JOURNAL (F1) or BUDGET VARIANCE (F6), the
guidelines below apply:
a. Make your selection (F1 or F6).
b. The following screen appears:
TO SCREEN/PRINTER/DISK (S/P/D):_
ENTER DATE RANGE FOR REPORTS:
STARTING Month:__ Year:__
ENDING Month:__ Year:__
c. First, type in the destination for your report. Then,
enter the reporting dates.
2. When you are selecting ACCOUNT HISTORY (F2), the procedures
below apply:
a. Select F2 at the Reports Menu.
b. The following screen appears:
TO SCREEN/PRINTER/DISK (S/P/D):_
ENTER DATE RANGE FOR REPORTS:
STARTING Month:__ Year:__
ENDING Month:__ Year:__
DO YOU WANT COMPRESSED REPORT (Y/N):_
ACCOUNT NUMBER RANGE:
STARTING ACCOUNT:____
ENDING ACCOUNT:____
c. First, type in the destination for your report. Then,
enter the reporting dates.
d. Answer the "Compressed Reports" prompt. Compressed will
print more than one selected account per page to conserve
paper. See Appendix B for examples of a compressed and a
regular Account History report.
e. Enter the starting through the ending account numbers.
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FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
3. To run the INCOME STATEMENT (F3), the BALANCE SHEET (F4), or
the SOURCES AND USES OF FUNDS Report (F5), follow the
procedures below:
a. Select F3, F4, or F5 at the Reports Menu. The following
screen appears:
TO SCREEN/PRINTER/DISK (S/P/D):_
ENTER DATE RANGE FOR REPORTS:
STARTING Month:__ Year:__
ENDING Month:__ Year:__
DO YOU WANT A TRENDED REPORT(Y/N):_
b. First, type in the destination for your report.
c. Next, enter the reporting dates at the date range prompt.
d. Then, answer the "Trended Report" prompt. If you select
"Y", your reports will be trended by month. If you
select "N", your reports will show cumulative
year-to-date amounts. To see the difference between a
trended regular reports, refer to the examples in
Appendix B.
4. To print the CHART OF ACCOUNTS (F7) listing, do the following:
a. Select F7 at the Reports Menu.
b. The only prompt you need to answer is the "Destination"
prompt.
5. The BUDGET LISTING (F8) is similar to the Chart of Accounts
listing, with a few variations:
a. Select F8 at the Reports Menu. The following screen
appears:
TO SCREEN/PRINTER/DISK (S/P/D):_
STARTING MONTH:__
ENDING MONTH:__
DO YOU WANT A TRENDED REPORT(Y/N):_
b. Answer the Screen/Printer/Disk prompt.
c. At the designated prompt, enter the month for which you
want the listing.
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FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
d. Then, answer the "Trended Report" prompt. If you select
"N", your report will show a cumulative amount for all
months. If you select "Y", your reports will show the
budget for each month on a seperate page.
6. The TRIAL BALANCE (F9) will prompt you for the following:
a. Select F9 at the Reports Menu. The following screen
appears:
TO SCREEN/PRINTER/DISK (S/P/D):_
AS OF Month:__ Year:__
b. Answer the Screen/Printer/Disk prompt.
c. At the "AS OF" prompt, enter the month and year that you
want the report for.
NOTE: Do NOT try to print a report (e.g. the selection "P" at the
"S/P/D" prompt) if you don't have a printer. If you try to do
so, you will get an error message.
If you are unfamiliar with financial reports, try as many reports as
you like, using the sample accounts. Doing so will give you an idea
of how the reports look and how they might be used.
PAGE 35
FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
SECTION EIGHT - GRAPHICS
The Graphics feature on the General Ledger Utilities Menu allows you
to create graphs using data from your own FINANCE MANAGER database.
The graphics feature allows you to plot any active account balance by
month.
8a - Hardware Requirements for Graphics Display
In order to use the Graphics Display feature, you must have an IBM
color/graphics (CGA) display board, a EGA graphics board, a IBM PS/2
computer, or a Hercules graphics display board.
To get a hard copy printout of the graphics display, you must have an
Epson (or 100% compatible) dot matrix printer.
8b - Creating Graphs
To begin creating graphs, follow the procedures below:
1. At the General Ledger Main Menu, select F6 "Utilities Menu".
The General Ledger Utilities Menu is shown below:
-----------------------------------------
| GENERAL LEDGER UTILITIES MENU |
-----------------------------------------
| |
| ESC Return to GL Main Menu |
| |
| F1 Graphics Display |
| F2 Sort Transactions |
| F3 Change Account # for all Trans |
| F4 End of Period Postings |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| ENTER YOUR SELECTION: |
| |
| |
-----------------------------------------
2. Select option F1 "Graphics Display".
3. The input screen appears as follows:
ENTER DATE RANGE FOR GRAPHS: STARTING Month:__ Year:__
ENDING Month:__ Year:__
Account Number to Graph:__
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FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
4. The dates determine which months and years are shown on your
graph. The ending month and year must be within twelve months
of the starting month and year.
5. Fill in the Account Number field. When the cursor is
positioned at this field, you may use the keypad arrows to move
the default account pointer (the Chart of Accounts is listed in
the bottom half of the input screen), or you may type in the
account number.
6. Normally the lowest number on the Y axis of the graph is the
same as the lowest value of all months graphed and the highest
point on your graph will be the highest data value to be
graphed. For example, if you are tracking "Expenses -
Telephone", and the lowest amount spent is $100 dollars in the
month of March, then the bar representing the month of March
would be flush with the X axis of the graph.
FINANCE MANAGER will ask the following:
-----------------------------------------
| |
| MINIMUM Y-Axis will be:____________ |
| |
| MAXIMUM Y-Axis will be:____________ |
| |
-----------------------------------------
The defaults for the MINIMUM and MAXIMUM (bottom and top of
graph respectively) values will be the minimum and maximum
values of the data you are graphing. If you want to change the
upper or lower bounds of your graph enter new values. Normally
you would accept the defaults by pressing ENTER at each prompt.
7. After you have entered the minimum and maximum, FINANCE MANAGER
generates a bar graph on your screen.
8. To print the graph, press "P". This only works if you have an
Epson or 100% compatible printer. If you do not have an Epson
Printer, you should try using the "Ctrl PrtSc" key. Before
using this second alternative, however, you should execute the
DOS "GRAPHICS" command (see your DOS manual). If these methods
do not work on your computer, you will not be able to print a
copy of your graphics display.
PAGE 37
FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
SECTION NINE - SORTING TRANSACTIONS
FINANCE MANAGER always keeps transactions organized in the order in
which they are input. The Sort function allows the user to choose the
manner in which FINANCE MANAGER sorts or organizes the transactions.
Transactions may be sorted either by date of input or by transaction
date.
To start sorting transactions, select "F2" at the General Ledger
Utilities Menu. The following screen appears:
--------------------------------------
| SELECT SORT ORDER |
--------------------------------------
| |
| |
| ESC Return to Utilities Menu |
| |
| F1 Transaction Input Order |
| F2 Date Order |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| ENTER YOUR SELECTION: |
| |
| |
--------------------------------------
1. Select the order in which you would like to sort the
transactions.
2. FINANCE MANAGER automatically sorts all transactions.
3. Press any key to exit and return to the Main Menu when the sort
is completed.
If you have more transactions than memory can hold at one time, the
default disk drive is used to store a temporary file while sorting
transactions. Therefore, the default drive must have enough free disk
space and must not be write-protected.
If there is not enough space on your default drive to sort your file,
you must put an empty disk in this drive (usually drive A:). If you
do run out of disk space, your sort is aborted and your transaction
file remains unchanged. Finance Manager will tell you before it
creates a temporary sort file to allow you to insert a blank disk in
your default drive.
PAGE 38
FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
SECTION TEN - CHANGING ACCOUNT NUMBERS
Selection F3 on the General Ledger Utilities Menu allows you to change
the account number of every transaction posted to a specific Chart of
Accounts account number. It is a sort of "Global Replace" feature.
For example, if you want to change the "Telephone" expense account
number from account 320 to account 4320, you could do so by using this
feature. First, you would create a new account 4320. Then, you would
run this utility to change all transactions for account 320 to account
4320.
WARNING: Since this is an advanced feature, we do not recommend it for
beginners. It is very important to first make a backup copy
of the data disk before proceeding any further with this
function. If you do something wrong, it is much easier if
you have a backup copy and are thus able to go back to the
old Chart of Accounts and transaction file.
To execute this function, follow the instructions below:
1. Select F3 at the General Ledger Utilities Menu. The following
appears:
Enter Old Account Number:____ Enter New Account Number:____
2. At the "Enter Old Account Number" prompt, type in the account
number you wish to change (in the example above, you would
enter account number 320).
3. At the "Enter New Account Number" prompt, type in the account
number which replaces the old number. In the example above,
this account number would be 4320. As mentioned on the input
screen, the new account number must be a valid, active Chart of
Accounts number.
After the function has completed, FINANCE MANAGER returns to the
General Ledger Utilities Menu.
PAGE 39
FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
SECTION ELEVEN - End of Period POSTINGS
End of Period postings are performed only at the end of an accounting
period (usually 1 year). They close out all of the accounts and
permanently post transactions. When the End of Period postings are
run, all closing entries are made automatically and net income is
posted to the retained earnings beginning balance.
After the income and expense accounts are closed, the remaining
accounts have their beginning balances updated for the new period
(usually a year). All beginning balances are equal to the ending
balances as of the date through which you posted. The transaction
file is updated and you are ready to start the new period's
transactions.
The best time to actually run End of Period posting is on January 1,
or on the first day of the new accounting period. They should only be
run after you are sure that there are no more transactions to be
posted in the old accounting period, and AFTER YOU HAVE MADE A BACKUP
COPY OF THE DATA DISK.
NOTE: It is imperative that you make a backup disk copy of your data
before you run End of Period posting. If you need to get a
listing of your last accounting period's transactions, your
backup data disk is your only way to recreate the last
accounting period. Furthermore, once you have run an End of
Period posting, you cannot generate reports for the months
contained in the transaction file prior to running End of Period
posting.
It is only necessary to run an End of Period posting if you are
running out of disk space (or have 32,000 transactions). You can keep
your transaction files active as long as you want, provided you have
enough disk space.
The procedures for running End of Period posting are listed below:
1. Select F4 at the General Ledger Utilities Menu. The first
screen that appears contains several notices and warnings
regarding the End of Period posting utility. TAKE HEED OF ALL
NOTICES AND WARNINGS ON THIS SCREEN!
2. Again, be sure you have made a backup data disk.
3. At the bottom of the screen is the prompt "Do You Want To
Continue (Y/N):_". If you answer "N", you return to the
General Ledger Utilities Menu. If you answer "Y", you are
prompted for a date range.
Post Through Month:__ Year:__
4. You can select any period for End of Period postings. Enter
the month and year of the end of your accounting period. To
move back to the previous field, use the Backspace key.
PAGE 40
FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
5. Again, FINANCE MANAGER allows you to double-check your entries
by prompting "ARE YOU SURE (Y/N):" If you answer "N", you
return to the date prompt. You may at any time (up to this
point) abort the function by using the ESC key.
6. By answering "Y", the End of Period posting function executes.
All transactions are erased and End of Period balances are
posted. When the posting is completed, the notice "END OF
PERIOD Posting Completed" appears.
7. Before you use this function, first try using it on the SAMPLE
ACCOUNTS ONLY.
PAGE 41
FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
SECTION TWELVE - ENHANCEMENTS & HINTS
12a - Enhancements by version
FINANCE MANAGER I
2.0 - First major release.
2.1 - Multiple debits/credits per transaction.
- Trended financial reports.
2.2 - Graphics capability.
- Adjustable fiscal year capability.
- Ability to send reports to disk file.
3.0 - Date input format changed.
- Ability to accept up to $9 million in balances.
- Better error checks added.
- Display of filenames on the disk.
4.0 - Check number field added to transactions.
- Multiple debit and credit transactions enhanced to include
cumulative totals and automatic default to balance
transactions.
- Configuration parameters for color.
- Monthly budget for income and expense accounts.
- Budget Variance report added.
- Elimination of zero amounts from reports.
- Defaults set for Y/N prompts.
- Elimination of extra ENTER keystrokes on completed input
fields.
- Automatic check increment added.
- Modification of "Change Transaction" selection to start
from a selected date and then step forward through each
transaction one by one until stopped by the user.
- Added time display when at menus.
- Report file sent to disk changed to an ASCII format.
4.1 - Transaction file always kept sorted in date order.
- Defaults shown on Y/N prompts.
- Added default disk drive and filename option when running
program.
- Fix alpha/numeric error on check number format.
FINANCE MANAGER II
1.0 - Major re-write of FINANCE MANAGER I.
- Sort options provided (input or date order).
- Much faster memory resident sort.
- Subdirectory support.
- International date/time option.
- Transaction search data expanded to include all input
fields.
- Up to 1,999 accounts available on Chart of Accounts.
- Full screen editing.
- Much faster, on-line Account Reconciliation added.
PAGE 42
FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
- Support of 14"-wide printers.
- BCD math eliminates rounding errors.
- Active accounts displayed at Chart of Accounts input
screen.
- Default filename accepted as a command line parameter.
- Ability to have multiple years on-line in one disk file.
- Up to 30,000 transactions on-line.
- Ability to run in 256K. Will use up to 640K memory for
faster speed.
- Printer pause feature.
- Edit mode for changing data.
- Enhanced reporting format and features.
- Simplified installation procedures.
1.1 - Added some features from FINANCE MANAGER I which were not
originally included in FM II.
- Provided a "all 12 months the same" budget amount entry.
- Added error check to simplify account deletion.
- Allow transaction input of up to 99 million.
- Faster movement between menu selections.
- Smaller program files to save disk space.
- Default data disk drive and directories user definable.
1.2 - New simple one-step install procedure for all modules.
- Multiple transaction delete on one search.
- Enhanced transaction search:
* Description search will search entire string for
match (not position sensitive).
* Go to first or last record of transaction file.
* Added a "Reverse Search" to find prior transaction
match.
- PgDn (page down) key will skip to end of input screen for
faster inputs.
- TAB & SHIFT-TAB added for duplication of ENTER and
BACKSPACE keys respectively.
- Inputs will now accept international character inputs
(decimal 32-175).
- Calculation speed now 5 times faster than version 1.0 (with
hard disk).
- One graphics module supports CGA, EGA, PCJR, PS/2 and
Hercules boards.
- Color graphics display.
- Printer configuration input fields increased from 9 to 12.
- Editing of fields allowed during initial input of data.
- Insert toggle added for data input editing.
- Credit check number defaults to debit check number.
- Trended budget listing.
- Trial Balance report added.
12b - Helpful Hints and Suggestions
* Keep a CURRENT backup copy of your data disk each time you
update your data. This will safeguard against loss of data due
to power outage or other equally frustrating problem.
PAGE 43
FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
* Use the Shift PrtSc keys to make a hardcopy of current screen
display.
* When End-of-Period posting is run, closing entries are made to
the first type "R" Retained Earnings account.
* To eliminate having to put in the disk drive and filename each
time you run FINANCE MANAGER, you should modify the RUN.BAT file
and add a command line parameter to the "FM" command. For
example, if you want to always use drive B: and filename "HOME",
you should change the RUN.BAT file command "FM" to "FM B:HOME".
When you run FINANCE MANAGER it will automatically use the file
"HOME" in drive B:.
* If when you are entering transactions you want the check number
to be the same as the last check number (only works for actual
decimal numbers) enter "=" at the check number input field. The
"+" key will increment last check number input.
PAGE 44
FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
SECTION THIRTEEN - FINANCE MANAGER II DISK FILE NAMES
Listed below is a description of files on your FINANCE MANAGER disks.
If you have an evaluation version, some of these files will not be
included due to disk space limitations.
PROGRAM DISK
File name Description
------------ -------------------------------------------------------
RUN BAT - Use to run FINANCE MANAGER.
CONFIG SYS - Needed to run FINANCE MANAGER (See CONFIG.SYS in your
DOS manual).
FM COM - FINANCE MANAGER II executable file.
FM 000 - Main module overlay 0.
FMGL CHN - GL main program module.
FMGL 000 - GL main module overlay 0.
FMGL 001 - GL main module overlay 1.
INSTALL COM - Installation program (use to install this program).
README BAT - Display this information on screen.
FM DOC - GL documentation manual (see PRINTDOC below).
HOME CHR - HOME demo Chart of Accounts data file.
HOME GLT - HOME demo transaction data file.
PRINT-GL BAT - Prints documentation manuals on your printer (PRN).
WORK CHR - WORK demo Chart of Accounts data file.
WORK GLT - WORK demo transaction data file.
EPSON CNF - Sample configuration file for EPSON printer.
HP-LASER CNF - Sample configuration file for HP Laserwriter printer.
JUKI CNF - Sample configuration file for JUKI printer.
PROWRITE CNF - Sample configuration file for PROWRITER printer.
PAGE 45
FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
APPENDIX A
BASIC ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES
In this section, we would like to give you an overview of basic
accounting principles. Most of the examples in this section refer
primarily to various business transactions. They can, however, easily
be adapted to apply to an individual's financial transactions.
B1 - Accounting Elements
To have complete accounting records, all transactions and events which
affect the basic accounting elements must be recorded. The basic
accounting elements are ASSETS, LIABILITIES and CAPITAL or EQUITY.
These elements are defined below:
ASSETS: Items of value which are owned by the business or by
the individual are assets. Examples of assets are
money, accounts receivable, merchandise, furniture,
machinery, buildings, and land.
LIABILITIES: A liability is any obligation to pay a debt.
Liabilities include accounts payable, taxes payable,
bank loans, and notes to creditors.
CAPITAL/EQUITY: The amount by which the assets exceed the liabilities
is termed capital, or owner's equity in the business.
The word "equity", in this sense, means "interest in".
The terms proprietorship, net worth, or capital are
all synonyms for owner's equity. If there are no
liabilities, the owner's equity is equal to the total
amount of assets.
B2 - The Accounting Equation
The relationship between the three basic accounting elements can be
expressed in the following simple equation:
ASSETS = LIABILITIES + CAPITAL/EQUITY
In order to increase equity in a business, the owner must either
increase the assets without increasing the liabilities or decrease the
liabilities without decreasing the assets. In order to increase the
assets and equity without investing more money or other property, the
business must operate at a profit (profit and losses are described
later).
Below are examples of the effect of transactions on the accounting
equation:
1. An increase in an asset offset by an increase in equity; for
instance, opening a bank account with a deposit of $5,000.
As a result of this transaction, the assets are increased.
Since no liabilities are involved, the equity also increases
by the same amount. The equation is as follows:
PAGE 46
FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
ASSETS = LIABILITIES + CAPITAL/EQUITY
$5,000 = $0 + $5,000
(cash) (owner's equity)
2. An increase in an asset, offset by an increase in a
liability. For example, you purchase office equipment for
$4,000 on 30-day credit. The result is an increase in assets
and an increase in an accounts-payable liability. The
equation is as follows:
ASSETS = LIABILITIES + CAPITAL/EQUITY
$4,000 = $4,000 + $0
(office (accounts
equipment) payable)
3. An increase in one asset, offset by a decrease in another
asset. For example, the purchase of office supplies for $100
cash. In this case, the office supplies asset account
increases by $100, and the cash asset account decreases by
$100, causing the assets, liabilities, and equity to remain
unchanged. The equation is as follows:
ASSETS = LIABILITIES + CAPITAL/EQUITY
supplies $100
cash <$100>
____
$0 = $0 + $0
4. An increase in an asset, offset by an increase in equity
resulting from revenue. For example, you receive $500 cash
from a client for services. This increases your cash balance
and, since liabilities are not affected, the equity increases
as well. The equation is as follows:
ASSETS = LIABILITIES + CAPITAL/EQUITY
$500 = $0 + $500
cash owner's equity
5. A decrease in an asset offset by a decrease in equity
resulting from expense. For example, you paid $400 cash for
rent. This decreases your cash balance and, since
liabilities are not affected, the equity decreases by $400 as
well. The equation is as follows:
ASSETS = LIABILITIES + CAPITAL/EQUITY
<$400> = $0 + <$400>
cash owner's equity
PAGE 47
FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
B3 - The Income Statement
This statement, sometimes called a Profit and Loss Statement or
Operating Statement, shows the net income (or net loss) for a
specified period of time. The Income Statement, simply stated, is the
total income, less the total expenses. A simple statement is shown
below:
Income from services $ 500
Rent expense <$ 400>
_____
Net Income $ 100
=====
B4 - The Balance Sheet
The balance sheet is sometimes called a statement of financial
condition, or a statement of financial position. It shows the assets,
liabilities, and equity at a specific date. The balance sheet shows
the ending balance for all of the asset, liability, and equity
accounts. The balance sheet for the above five transactions would
appear as follows:
ASSETS
------
Cash $5,000
Equipment 4,000
Supplies 100
_____
Total Assets $9,100
=====
LIABILITIES
-----------
Accounts Payable $4,000
CAPITAL/EQUITY
--------------
Owner's Equity $5,100
_____
Total Liab & Equity $9,100
=====
(Notice that the accounting equation holds true: ASSETS = LIABILITIES
+ EQUITY.)
B5 - Double Entry Accounting
PAGE 48
FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
The meanings of the terms asset, liability and capital/equity are
explained above. Examples have been given to show how each
transaction causes a change in one or more of the three basic
accounting elements. Note that in each of the transactions above,
there was a dual effect (two accounts were changed). This will always
be true. A change (increase or decrease) in any asset, liability or
capital/equity is always accompanied by an offsetting change.
The fact that each transaction has two elements is the basis for
double entry accounting. This does not mean that a transaction is
recorded twice; it instead means that both of the two elements of each
transaction are recorded. This method is very orderly, simple, and
very flexible. There is no transaction which cannot be recorded in a
double entry transaction.
A business or individual has many assets. Each one of these assets is
kept track of in a separate account (e.g., cash, furniture,
buildings). A separate account would be kept for each asset,
liability and equity. Thus, many accounts make up the total assets;
many accounts also make up the total liabilities.
To help you to understand double entry accounting, we will introduce
you to a way of describing an account. This is called a "T" account.
The T account has three major parts: the tile and account number, the
debit side, and the credit side. A sample of the T account form is
shown below.
ACCOUNT TITLE
------------------------
DEBIT SIDE | CREDIT SIDE
|
|
|
B6 - Debits and Credits
To debit an account means to record an amount on the left, or debit
side, of the account. To credit an account means to record an amount
on the right, or credit side, of the account. Sometimes the word
CHARGE is used a substitute for debit. Another easy rule is: A credit
is where money is coming from and a debit is where money is going to.
Increases in assets are recorded on the left side of the accounts;
increases in liabilities are recorded on the right side of the
accounts.
Decreases in assets are recorded on the right side of the accounts;
decreases in liabilities and equity are recorded on the left side of
the accounts.
These relationships are shown below:
1. ASSETS = LIABILITIES & EQUITY
2. DEBITS = CREDITS
PAGE 49
FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
3. ALL ASSET ACCOUNTS ALL LIABILITY ACCOUNTS
_____________________ ______________________
Debit to | Credit to Debit to | Credit to
Record | Record Record | Record
Increases | Decreases Decreases | Increases
(+) (-) (-) (+)
ALL EQUITY ACCOUNTS
______________________
Debit to | Credit to
Record | Record
Decreases | Increases
(-) (+)
To illustrate double entry accounting, the transaction 1 would be as
follows:
CASH EQUITY
_____________________ ___________________
Debit | Credit Debit | Credit
$5,000 | | $5,000
B7 - Income and Expenses
The term "Income" refers to an increase in the equity account.
Likewise, the term "Expense" refers to a decrease in the equity.
Thus, there are two new ways in which the equity account can change.
All transactions involving income or expense always cause a change in
the equity account.
These changes could be recorded by debiting the equity account for
expenses and crediting that same equity account for income. However,
if you were to record income and expense in this manner, the
capital/equity account would have a mixture of increases due to
income, and the investment of assets in the business, while the debit
side would have a mix of decreases due to expenses and withdrawal of
assets from the business. This would make it very hard to analyze the
profitability or to determine the net income. Thus, all income and
expense transactions are recorded in separately classified income and
expense accounts. Only the net income (or net profit) is then
reflected in the capital/equity account.
The income and expense accounts also have debits and credits. Shown
below are the relationship of these accounts.
ALL EXPENSE ACCOUNTS ALL INCOME ACCOUNTS
____________________ _____________________
Debit to | Credit to Debit to | Credit to
Record | Record Record | Record
Increases | Decreases Decreases | Increases
(+) (-) (-) (+)
PAGE 50
FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
The use of these accounts is illustrated in the following examples:
1. An increase in an asset offset by an increase in income. For
example, you receive $500 cash for services rendered. This would
appear as follows:
CASH INCOME
_____________________ _____________________
DEBIT | CREDIT DEBIT | CREDIT
| |
$500 | | $500
2. A decrease in an asset offset by an increase in expense. For
example, you pay $400 for office rent. This would be recorded as
follows:
CASH RENT EXPENSES
_____________________ _____________________
DEBIT | CREDIT DEBIT | CREDIT
| |
| $400 $400 |
This brief description of accounting principles and double entry
accounting is not intended to teach you everything about accounting.
You should refer to a basic accounting or bookkeeping text if you
would like more details. The intention of this section is to
familiarize our users with double entry accounting and to help users
get started with FINANCE MANAGER.
For further transaction examples, look at the sample "HOME" and "WORK"
files on your demo disk. By printing the General Journal report in
the sample accounts, you will be able to see some sample transactions
to apply to your set of books.
PAGE 51
FINANCE MANAGER II - GENERAL LEDGER
APPENDIX B - SAMPLE REPORTS AND GRAPHS
Table of Contents
*** DUE TO DISK SPACE LIMITATIONS SAMPLE REPORTS ARE NOT INCLUDED ***
*** Use the demo accounts to create your own sample reports ***
PAGE 52
FINANCE MANAGER II USER COMMENT FORM
_ _
Product being used: |_|General Ledger |_|Account Reconciliation
_ _
|_|Accounts Receivable |_|Accounts Payable
_ _
|_|Financial Utilities |_|Payroll
_ _ _
Use of product: |_|Business |_|Personal |_|Other____________________
What type of computer are you using:__________________________________
Do you have a unique use for this product?_____ If so please explain.
______________________________________________________________________
Please circle your rating: Poor Fair Average Very Good Excellent
---- ---- ------- --------- ---------
Performance. x x x x x
Documentation. x x x x x
Ease of learning. x x x x x
Ease of use. x x x x x
Manual Reliability. x x x x x
Error Handling. x x x x x
Support. x x x x x
Value. x x x x x
Did you find any problems in using this product? Please describe.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Do you have any suggestions for improving this program and/or
documentation. Use the reverse side of this form if necessary:
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Please add any other comments about product on reverse side of form.
RETURN THE COMPLETED FORM AND HOOPER INTERNATIONAL
ANY ADDITIONAL CORRESPONDENCE TO: P.O. Box 62219
Colorado Springs, CO 80962
PAGE 53
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|---------------------------------------------------------------------|
| ITEMS ORDERED |QTY|UNIT PRICE| AMOUNT |
|--------------------------------------------|---|----------|---------|
| EVALUATION COPY of General Ledger module | _ | $ 3.00 | $ |
| | | | |
| FM II GENERAL LEDGER (Registered copy) | _ | $40.00 | $ |
| Version Account Reconciliation (for GL) | _ | $15.00 | $ |
| 1.2d Financial Utilities | _ | $20.00 | $ |
| Accounts Receivable | _ | $30.00 | $ |
| Accounts Payable | _ | $30.00 | $ |
| Payroll | _ | $35.00 | $ |
| NOTE: All orders include free manual on disk | | |
| | | | |
| OPTIONAL PRINTED MANUALS | | | |
| Getting Started, General Ledger, | | | |
| and Account Reconciliation | _ | $10.00 | $ |
| Financial Utilities | _ | $ 6.00 | $ |
| Accounts Receivable | _ | $ 7.00 | $ |
| Accounts Payable | _ | $ 7.00 | $ |
| Payroll | _ | $ 7.00 | $ |
|-----------------------------------------------------------|---------|
| SUBTOTAL | $ |
|-----------------------------------------------------------|---------|
| LESS QUANTITY DISCOUNT SCHEDULE PER ORDER | |
| 3 or 4 modules - 10% discount, 5+ modules 15% discount|$< >|
|-----------------------------------------------------------|---------|
| ADD Shipping/Handling charge | $ 3.00 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------|---------|
| ADD First class postage for printed manuals | |
| shipped out of North America $ 5.00 | $ |
|-----------------------------------------------------------|---------|
| TOTAL | $ |
|-----------------------------------------------------------|---------|
| Colorado residents add 6.5% sales tax | $ |
|-----------------------------------------------------------|---------|
| Prices subject to change | |
| All amounts in US currency GRAND TOTAL (US $) | $ |
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