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- 177
- Shoe and Leather Workers and Repairers
-
- (D.O.T. 365.361; 780.381-030; 781.381-018; 783.361-010, and
- .381-018 through -026; 788.261-010 and .381)
-
- Nature of the Work
-
- Creating stylish and durable leather products is the job of
- precision shoe and leather workers; keeping them in good condition
- is the work of repairers. Among the workers who do leather work and
- repair are custom orthopedic shoemakers, saddlemakers, and luggage
- makers. Although these workers produce different goods, their job
- duties are actually quite similar.
-
- Depending on the size of the factory or shop, a leather worker may
- perform one or more of the steps required to complete a product. In
- smaller factories or shops, workers generally perform several tasks,
- while those in larger facilities tend to specialize. However, most
- leather workers eventually learn the different skills involved in
- producing leather goods as they move from one task to another.
-
- Leather workers must first check the leather for texture, color, and
- strength. They then place a pattern of the item being produced on
- the leather, trace the pattern onto the leather, cut along the
- outline, and sew the pieces together. Other steps may vary
- according to the type of good being produced.
-
- Orthopedic shoemakers attach the insoles to shoe lasts (a wooden
- form shaped like a foot), affix the shoe uppers, and apply heels and
- outsoles. They shape the heels with a knife and then sand them on a
- buffing wheel for smoothness. Finally, they dye and polish the
- shoes. Custom shoe workers also may modify existing footwear for
- people with foot problems and special needs. This can involve
- preparing inserts, heel pads, and lifts from casts of customers'
- feet.
-
- Saddlemakers often apply leather dyes and liquid top coats to
- produce a gloss finish on a saddle. They may also decorate the
- saddle surface by hand stitching or by stamping the leather with
- decorative patterns and designs. Luggage makers fasten leather to a
- frame and attach handles and other hardware. They also cut and
- secure linings inside the frames and sew or stamp designs onto the
- luggage exterior.
-
- Shoe and leather repairers use their knowledge of leatherworking to
- give worn leather goods extended wearability. The most common type
- of shoe repair is replacing soles and heels. Repairers place the
- shoe on a last and remove the old sole and heel with a knife or
- pliers or both. They attach new soles and heels to shoes either by
- stitching them in place or by using cement or nails. Other leather
- goods, suitcases or handbags, for example, may need seams to be
- re-sewn or handles and linings to be replaced.
-
- Leather workers and repairers use handtools and machines. The most
- commonly used handtools are knives, hammers, awls (used to poke
- holes in leather to make sewing possible), and skivers (for
- splitting leather). Power-operated equipment includes sewing
- machines, heel nailing machines, hole punching machines, and sole
- stitchers.
-
- Self-employed shoe repairers and owners of custom-made shoe and
- leather shops have managerial responsibilities in addition to their
- regular duties. They must maintain good relations with their
- customers, make business decisions, and keep accurate records.
-
- Shoe and leather workers need manual dexterity to make repairs.
-
- Working Conditions
-
- Working conditions of leather workers vary according to the type of
- work performed, the size of the factory or business, and the
- practices of each individual shop.
-
- Workers employed in custom leather goods manufacturing
- establishments generally work a regular 40-hour week. Those in
- repair shops work nights and weekends and often work irregular
- hours. For those who own their own repair shop, overtime is common.
- Although there are few health hazards if precautions are followed,
- work areas can be noisy and odors from leather dyes and stains are
- often present.
-
- Employment
-
- Shoe and leather workers and repairers held about 22,000 jobs in
- 1992. Self-employed individuals, who typically own and operate
- small shoe repair shops or specialty leather manufacturing firms,
- held about 4,000 of these jobs. Of the remaining workers, over half
- were employed in the manufacture of footwear products, and an
- additional one-fifth were employed in production of leather goods
- such as luggage, handbags, and apparel. Another fifth worked in
- shoe repair and shoeshine shops.
-
- Training, Other Qualifications, and Advancement
-
- Precision shoe and leather workers and repairers generally learn
- their craft on the job, either through in-house training programs or
- working as helpers to experienced workers. Helpers generally begin
- by performing simple tasks and then progress to more difficult
- projects like cutting or stitching leather. Trainees generally
- become fully skilled in 6 months to 2 years; the length of training
- varies according to the nature of the work and the aptitude and
- dedication of the individual.
-
- A limited number of schools offer vocational training in shoe repair
- and leather work. These programs may last from 6 months to 1 year
- and impart basic skills including leather cutting, stitching, and
- dyeing. Students learn shoe construction, practice shoe repair, and
- study the fundamentals of running a small business. Graduates are
- encouraged to gain additional training by working with an
- experienced leather worker or repairer. National and regional
- associations also offer specialized training seminars and workshops
- in custom shoe making, shoe repair, and other leather work.
-
- Manual dexterity and the mechanical aptitude to work with handtools
- and machines are important in the shoe repair and leatherworking
- occupations. Shoe and leather workers who produce custom goods
- should have artistic ability as well. These workers must have
- self-discipline to work alone under little supervision. In
- addition, leather workers and repairers who own shops will need to
- have a knowledge of business practices and management as well as a
- pleasant manner when dealing with customers.
-
- Many individuals who begin as workers or repairers advance to
- salaried supervisory and managerial positions. Some may open their
- own shop or business.
-
- Job Outlook
-
- Employment of shoe and leather workers is expected to decline
- through the year 2005. Inexpensive imports have made the cost of
- replacing shoes and leather goods cheaper or more convenient than
- repairing them, thus reducing the demand for shoe and leather
- repairers. Some of the more expensive, high-end products will
- continue to be repaired, however, and this demand will moderate the
- employment decline of these workers. In the future, most job
- openings in this occupation will arise from the need to replace
- experienced workers who transfer to other occupations or leave the
- work force.
-
- Prospects for workers employed in the manufacture and modification
- of custom-made molded or orthopedic shoes are better than those for
- most other leather workers. This is a result of substantial
- expected growth in the elderly population and an increasing emphasis
- on preventive foot care. The employment effects of these trends may
- be limited, however, since the demand for orthopedic footwear is
- increasingly fulfilled by manufactured shoes that are modified to
- specification instead of totally custom made.
-
- Earnings
-
- Data on earnings of shoe and leather workers are very limited.
- Their earnings vary greatly depending upon the place of employment.
- Beginning workers often start near the minimum wage and can advance
- in just a few months. Owners of shoe repair and custom shoe
- manufacturing shops can earn substantially more.
-
- Related Occupations
-
- Other workers who make or repair items using handtools and machinery
- include dressmakers, designers and patternmakers, and furriers.
-
- Sources of Additional Information
-
- For information about the custom-made prescription shoe business,
- and about training opportunities in this field, contact:
-
- Prescription Footwear Association, 9861 Broken Land Pky., Suite 255,
- Columbia, MD 21046-1151.
-
- For information about opportunities in shoe repair, contact:
-
- Shoe Service Institute of America, Educational Library, 5024-R
- Campbell Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21236-5974.
-
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