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- 213
- Precision Assemblers
-
- (A list of D.O.T. codes is available on request. See page 468.)
-
- Nature of the Work
-
- Workers who put together the parts of manufactured products are
- called assemblers. In some instances, such as the building of a
- car, hundreds of assemblers work on a single product; in others,
- such as the assembly of a toy doll, a single assembler may be
- responsible for each product. Assembly work varies from simple,
- repetitive jobs that are relatively easy to learn to those requiring
- great precision and many months of experience and training.
- Precision assemblers are the highly experienced and trained workers
- who assemble complicated products.
-
- The work of precision assemblers requires a high degree of accuracy.
- Workers must be able to interpret detailed specifications and
- instructions and apply independent judgment. Some experienced
- assemblers work with engineers and technicians, assembling
- prototypes or test products. Precision assemblers involved in
- product development must know how to read and interpret engineering
- specifications from text, drawings, and computer-aided drafting
- systems, and how to use a variety of tools and precision measuring
- instruments.
-
- Precision assemblers may work on subassemblies or the complete final
- assembly of finished products or components of products such as
- electronic equipment, machinery, or aircraft. For example,
- precision electrical and electronic equipment assemblers put
- together or modify prototypes or final assemblies of items such as
- missile control systems, radio or test equipment, computers,
- machine-tool numerical controls, radar, sonar, telemetering systems,
- and appliances. Precision electromechanical equipment assemblers
- prepare and test equipment or devices such as dynamometers, ejection
- seat mechanisms, magnetic drums, and tape drives. Precision machine
- builders construct, assemble, or rebuild engines and turbines, and
- office, agricultural, construction, oil field, rolling mill,
- textile, woodworking, paper, printing, and food wrapping machinery.
- Precision aircraft assemblers put together and install parts of
- airplanes, space vehicles, or missiles, such as wings or landing
- gear. Precision structural metal fitters align and fit structural
- metal parts according to detailed specifications prior to welding or
- riveting.
-
- The manufacturing process is changing. Flexible manufacturing
- systems, which include the manufacturing applications of robotics,
- computers, programmable motion control, and various sensing
- technologies, are changing the way goods are made and affecting the
- jobs of those who make them. As manufacturing firms strive for
- greater precision and productivity, jobs that can be performed more
- economically or more accurately by automated equipment will be
- restructured; many of them will be upgraded or disappear. Until
- recently, however, relatively few precision assembly jobs have been
- eliminated by automation. The need for precision, independent
- judgment, and knowledge has placed many jobs beyond the capabilities
- of robots. Because much precision assembly work is done in
- difficult-to-reach locations unsuited for robots inside airplane
- fuselages or inside gear boxes, for example replacement of these
- workers by automated processes will be slower and less comprehensive
- than replacement of welders and painters.
-
- One out of 3 precision assemblers works in the electronics industry.
-
- Working Conditions
-
- The conditions under which precision assemblers work depend on the
- manufacturing plant where they are employed. Electronics assemblers
- sit at tables in rooms that are clean, well lighted, and free from
- dust. Assemblers of aircraft and industrial machinery, however,
- usually come in contact with oil and grease, and their working areas
- may be quite noisy. They may have to lift and fit heavy objects.
-
- Work schedules of assemblers may vary at plants with more than one
- shift. In some plants, workers can accept or reject a certain job
- on a given shift, usually in order of seniority.
-
- Employment
-
- Virtually all of the 334,000 precision assembler jobs in 1992 were
- in plants that manufacture durable goods. Almost one-third of all
- jobs involved assembly of electronic and electrical machinery,
- equipment, and supplies including electrical switches, welding
- equipment, electric motors, lighting equipment, household
- appliances, and radios and television sets. Nearly one-quarter
- involved assembly of industrial machinery (diesel engines, steam
- turbine generators, farm tractors, mining and construction
- machinery, and office machines). Other industries employing many
- precision assemblers were transportation equipment (aircraft, autos,
- trucks, and buses) and instruments.
-
- The following tabulation lists the industries that provided most
- wage and salary jobs for precision assemblers in 1992:
-
-
- Total (percent).................................................. 100
-
- Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 32
- Industrial machinery and equipment............................... 24
- Transportation equipment......................................... 20
- Instruments and related products................................. 18
- Fabricated metal products........................................ 4
- Other industries................................................. 2
-
- Training, Other Qualifications, and Advancement
-
- Precision assemblers often are promoted from the ranks of workers in
- less skilled jobs in the same firm. Sometimes, outside applicants
- may be hired if they possess suitable experience. The ability to do
- accurate work at a rapid pace is a key job requirement. A high
- school diploma is helpful but usually is not required.
-
- For some precision assembly jobs, applicants need specialized
- training. For example, employers may require that applicants for
- electrical or electronic assembler jobs be technical school
- graduates or have equivalent military training.
-
- Good eyesight, with or without glasses, is required for assemblers
- who work with small parts. In plants that make electrical and
- electronic products, which may contain many different colored wires,
- applicants often are tested for color vision.
-
- As precision assemblers become more experienced, they may progress
- to jobs that require more skill and be given more responsibility.
- Experienced assemblers who have learned many assembly operations and
- understand the construction of a product may become product
- repairers. These workers fix assembled articles that operators or
- inspectors have identified as defective. Assemblers also may
- advance to quality control jobs or be promoted to supervisor. In
- some firms, assemblers can become trainees for one of the skilled
- trades. Those with a background in math, science, and computers may
- advance to programmers or operators of more highly automated
- production equipment.
-
- Job Outlook
-
- Opportunities for those who wish to become precision assemblers
- depend on the industries in which the jobs are located. For
- instance, there should be keen competition for assembly jobs in the
- aerospace and electronics industries. The aerospace industry is
- anticipating reductions in defense contracts through the 1990's,
- uncertain funding for space projects, and weaker commercial aircraft
- demand than was expected in the late 1980's. The electronics
- industry, on the other hand, faces the decade ahead with excellent
- prospects for growth. As firms invest in more automated production
- equipment and processes, however, the number of assembly jobs in
- electronics will fall.
-
- Other industries employing precision assemblers, such as industrial
- machinery and instruments, may provide more opportunities for
- employment than the aerospace or electronics industries. But many
- firms in these industries sell their products all over the world and
- are subject to growing international competition.
-
- The effect of automation on precision assembler employment will
- depend on how rapidly and extensively new manufacturing technologies
- are adopted. Not all precision assemblers can be replaced
- efficiently by automated processes. Flexible manufacturing systems
- are expensive, and a large volume of repetitive work is required to
- justify their purchase. Also, where the assembly parts involved are
- irregular in size, new technology is only now beginning to make
- inroads. For example, robot assembly works best where products are
- designed specifically to be assembled by robots. In addition,
- manufacturers are less willing to invest in product and equipment
- redesign as long as existing operations are profitable.
-
- An alternative to automation for many firms is to send their
- subassembly or component production functions to countries where
- labor is cheaper. If this trend continues, assembly work sent
- abroad may well cost more jobs than robots or other automated
- manufacturing systems.
-
- Employment of precision assemblers is expected to decline through
- the year 2005, with increasing automation offsetting any increase in
- employment that would have occurred due to industrial growth.
- Despite the expected decline in employment, a moderate number of job
- openings will occur as workers transfer to other occupations or
- leave the labor force.
-
- Earnings
-
- Earnings information is somewhat limited for precision assemblers.
- Full-time workers who assemble electrical and electronic equipment
- had median weekly earnings of $318 in 1992. Most earned between
- $248 and $418; the lowest 10 percent earned less than $201 a week
- and the highest 10 percent, over $546.
-
- In many unionized companies manufacturing autos, aircraft, and
- electronic equipment, wages of precision assemblers ranged from $400
- to $600 per week in 1992.
-
- Many precision assemblers are members of labor unions. These unions
- include the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace
- Workers; the United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of
- America; the United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement
- Workers of America; the International Brotherhood of Electrical
- Workers; and the United Steelworkers.
-
- Related Occupations
-
- Other occupations that involve operating machines and tools and
- assembling things are welders, ophthalmic laboratory technicians,
- and machine operators.
-
- Sources of Additional Information
-
- Information about employment opportunities for assemblers is
- available from local offices of the State employment service and
- from locals of the unions mentioned earlier.
-
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