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- 171
- Millwrights
-
- (D.O.T. 638.261-010, -014, -018, -026, .281-018, and -022)
-
- Nature of the Work
-
- Millwrights install, repair, replace, and dismantle the machinery
- and heavy equipment used in almost every industry. These
- responsibilities require a wide range of skills from blueprint
- reading and pouring concrete to diagnosing and solving mechanical
- problems.
-
- The millwright's responsibilities begin when machinery arrives at
- the job site. The new equipment must be unloaded, inspected, and
- then moved into position. To lift and move light machinery,
- millwrights may use rigging and hoisting devices such as pulleys and
- cables. In other cases, they require the assistance of hydraulic
- lift-truck or crane operators to position the machinery. Because
- millwrights often decide what device to use for moving machinery,
- they must know the load-bearing properties of ropes, cables, hoists,
- and cranes.
-
- New machinery sometimes requires a new foundation. Millwrights
- either personally prepare the foundation or supervise its
- construction, so they must know how to read blueprints and work with
- building materials such as concrete, wood, and steel.
-
- When assembling machinery, millwrights fit bearings, align gears and
- wheels, attach motors, and connect belts according to the
- manufacturer's blueprints and drawings. Precision leveling and
- alignment are important in the assembly process; millwrights must
- have good mathematical skills so that they can measure angles,
- material thickness, and small distances with tools such as squares,
- calipers, and micrometers. When a high level of precision is
- required, devices such as lasers may be used. Millwrights also use
- hand and power tools, cutting torches, welding machines, and
- soldering guns. Some millwrights use metalworking equipment such as
- lathes or grinders to modify parts to specifications.
-
- The increasing level of automation found in most industries means
- that there are more sophisticated machines for millwrights to
- install and maintain. This machinery often requires special care
- and knowledge, so millwrights often work closely with computer or
- electronic experts, electricians, and manufacturer's representatives
- to install it. (Additional information about commercial and
- industrial electronic equipment repairers and electricians appears
- elsewhere in the Handbook.)
-
- In addition to installing and dismantling machinery, many
- millwrights repair and maintain equipment. This includes preventive
- maintenance, such as lubrication, and fixing or replacing worn
- parts. (For further information on machinery maintenance, see the
- statement on industrial machinery repairers elsewhere in the
- Handbook.)
-
- Millwrights align new equipment.
-
- Working Conditions
-
- Working conditions of millwrights depend upon the industries in
- which they are employed. Millwrights employed in manufacturing
- often work in a typical shop setting and use protective equipment to
- avoid common hazards. For example, injuries from falling objects or
- machinery are avoided by protective devices such as safety belts,
- protective glasses, and hard hats.
-
- Millwrights work independently as well as part of a team. They must
- work quickly and precisely because non-functioning machinery costs
- a company time and money. Millwrights generally work 40 hours per
- week but overtime is common during peak periods of production.
-
- Employment
-
- Millwrights held about 73,000 jobs in 1992. Seven of every 10
- worked in manufacturing, primarily in durable goods industries such
- as motor vehicles and equipment and basic steel products. Most of
- the rest were employed by construction firms and machining and
- equipment wholesalers.
-
- Although millwrights work in every State, employment is concentrated
- in heavily industrialized areas.
-
- Training, Other Qualifications, and Advancement
-
- Millwrights receive their training from a formal apprenticeship
- program or informally on the job. Apprenticeship programs normally
- last 4 years and combine on-the-job training with a minimum of 144
- hours of classroom instruction each year. Apprenticeship programs
- include training in dismantling, moving, erecting, and repairing
- machinery. Apprentices may also work with concrete and receive
- instruction in related skills such as carpentry, welding, and
- sheet-metal work. Classroom instruction is given in mathematics,
- blueprint reading, hydraulics, electricity, and increasingly,
- computers or electronics.
-
- Most employers prefer applicants with a high school diploma and some
- vocational training or experience. Courses in science, mathematics,
- mechanical drawing, and machine shop practice are useful. Because
- millwrights assemble and dissassemble complicated machinery,
- mechanical aptitude is very important.
-
- Strength and agility also are important because the work can require
- a considerable amount of lifting and climbing. Millwrights need
- good interpersonal and communication abilities in order to work as
- part of a team and give detailed instructions to others.
-
- Advancement for millwrights usually takes the form of higher wages.
- Some advance to supervisor.
-
- Job Outlook
-
- Employment of millwrights is expected to increase more slowly than
- the average for all occupations through the year 2005. Millwrights
- will continue to be needed to maintain and repair existing
- machinery, to dismantle old machinery, and to install and maintain
- new equipment. In addition to the small number of jobs that will be
- created each year by rising demand for the services of millwrights,
- several thousand openings will arise annually as experienced
- millwrights transfer to other occupations or leave the labor force.
-
- Employment of millwrights is somewhat sensitive to changes in
- economic conditions. In the construction industry, for example,
- employment fluctuates with the level of commercial and industrial
- building activity. When construction activity falls, jobs are
- scarce, and even experienced millwrights may face layoffs or
- shortened workweeks.
-
- However, in capital intensive industries such as manufacturing, the
- need to replace, maintain, and repair machinery should give most
- millwrights a relative degree of job stability. In addition, a
- trend towards replacing rather than repairing machinery may cause
- some employers to hire more millwrights and fewer industrial
- repairers because millwrights are trained in the installation and
- alignment of machinery as well as its repair.
-
- Earnings
-
- Median weekly earnings of full-time millwrights were $596 in 1992;
- the middle 50 percent earned between $479 and $724. The lowest 10
- percent earned less than $335, and the top 10 percent earned more
- than $849. However, earnings vary by industry and geographic
- location. Many millwrights belong to labor unions.
-
- Related Occupations
-
- To set up machinery for use in a plant, millwrights must know how to
- use hoisting devices and how to assemble, disassemble, and in some
- cases repair machinery. Other workers with similar job duties are
- industrial machinery repairers, mobile heavy equipment mechanics,
- aircraft mechanics and engine specialists, diesel mechanics, farm
- equipment mechanics, ironworkers, and machine assemblers.
-
- Sources of Additional Information
-
- For further information on apprenticeship programs, write to the
- Apprenticeship Council of your State's labor department, local
- offices of your State employment service, or local firms that employ
- millwrights. In addition, you may contact:
-
- The United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, 101
- Constitution Ave. NW., Washington DC 20001.
-
- Association for Manufacturing Technology, 7901 Westpark Dr., Mclean,
- VA 22102.
-
- Equipment Service Association, P.O. Box 485, Plymouth, IN 46563.
-
- Associated General Contractors of America, 1957 E St. NW.,
- Washington, DC 20006.
-