home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- 197
- Dental Laboratory Technicians
-
- (D.O.T. 712.381-014, -018, -022, -026, -030, -042, -046, and -050)
-
- Nature of the Work
-
- Dental laboratory technicians are like pharmacists: They fill
- prescriptions. But their prescriptions come from dentists, and
- their orders are for crowns, bridges, dentures, and other dental
- prosthetics. Dentists send a specification of the item to be
- fabricated along with an impression (mold) of the patient's mouth or
- teeth to the technicians. Then dental laboratory technicians, also
- called dental technicians, create a model of the patient's mouth by
- pouring plaster into the impression and allowing it to set. They
- place the model on an apparatus which mimics the bite and movement
- of the patient's jaw. The model serves as the basis of the
- prosthetic device. Technicians examine the model, noting the size
- and shape of the adjacent teeth or gaps within the gumline. Based
- upon these observations and the dentist's specifications,
- technicians build and shape a wax tooth or teeth using small hand
- instruments called wax spatulas and wax carvers. They use this wax
- model to cast the metal framework for the prosthetic device.
-
- Once the wax tooth has been formed, dental technicians pour the cast
- and form the metal. Using small hand-held tools, they prepare the
- surface of the metal to allow the metal and porcelain to bond. They
- apply porcelain in layers to arrive at the precise shape and color
- of a tooth. Technicians place the tooth in a porcelain furnace to
- bake the porcelain onto the metal framework, then adjust the shape
- and color with subsequent grinding and addition of porcelain to
- achieve a sealed finish. The final product is an exact replica of
- the lost tooth or teeth.
-
- In some laboratories, technicians perform all stages of the work,
- while in others, each does only a few. Dental laboratory
- technicians also may specialize in one of five areas: Orthodontic
- appliances, crown and bridge, complete dentures, partial dentures,
- or ceramics. Job titles may reflect specialization in these areas.
- For example, technicians who make porcelain and acrylic restorations
- are called dental ceramists.
-
- Many dental lab technicians are trained on the job.
-
- Working Conditions
-
- Dental laboratory technicians generally work in clean, well-lighted,
- and well-ventilated areas. Technicians usually have their own
- workbenches, which may be equipped with Bunsen burners, grinding and
- polishing equipment, and hand instruments, such as wax spatulas and
- wax carvers.
-
- The work is extremely delicate and quite time consuming. Salaried
- technicians usually work 40 hours a week, but self-employed
- technicians frequently work longer hours.
-
- Employment
-
- Dental laboratory technicians held about 48,000 jobs in 1992. Most
- jobs were in commercial dental laboratories, which usually are
- small, privately owned businesses with fewer than five employees.
- However, some laboratories are larger; a few employ over 50
- technicians.
-
- Some dental laboratory technicians worked in dentists' offices.
- Others worked for hospitals that provide dental services, including
- Department of Veterans Affairs hospitals. Some technicians work in
- dental laboratories in their homes, in addition to their regular
- job. Approximately 1 technician in 7 is self-employed, a higher
- proportion than in most other occupations.
-
- Training, Other Qualifications, and Advancement
-
- Most dental laboratory technicians learn their craft on the job.
- They begin with simple tasks, such as pouring plaster into an
- impression, and progress to more complex procedures, such as making
- porcelain crowns and bridges. Becoming a fully trained technician
- requires an average of 3 to 4 years depending upon the individual's
- aptitude and ambition, but it may take a few more years to be
- recognized as an accomplished technician.
-
- Training in dental laboratory technology is also available through
- community and junior colleges, vocational-technical institutes, and
- the Armed Forces. Formal training programs vary greatly both in
- length and the level of skill they impart.
-
- In 1993, 42 programs in dental laboratory technology were approved
- (accredited) by the Commission on Dental Accreditation in
- conjunction with the American Dental Association (ADA). These
- programs provide classroom instruction in dental materials science,
- oral anatomy, fabrication procedures, ethics, and related subjects.
- In addition, each student is given supervised practical experience
- in the school or an associated dental laboratory. Accredited
- programs generally take 2 years to complete and lead to an associate
- degree.
-
- Graduates of 2-year training programs need additional hands-on
- experience to become fully qualified. Each dental laboratory owner
- operates in a different way, and classroom instruction does not
- necessarily expose students to techniques and procedures favored by
- individual laboratory owners. Students who have taken enough
- courses to learn the basics of the craft generally are considered
- good candidates for training, regardless of whether they have
- completed the formal program. Many employers will train someone
- without any classroom experience.
-
- Certification, which is voluntary, is offered by the National Board
- for Certification in five specialty areas: Crown and bridge,
- ceramics, partial dentures, complete dentures, and orthodontic
- appliances.
-
- In larger dental laboratories, technicians may become supervisors or
- managers. Experienced technicians may teach or take jobs with
- dental suppliers in such areas as product development, marketing, or
- sales. Still, for most technicians, opening one's own laboratory is
- the way toward advancement and higher earnings.
-
- A high degree of manual dexterity, good vision, and the ability to
- recognize very fine color shadings and variations in shape are
- necessary. An inclination for detailed and precise work also is
- important. Useful high school courses are art, metal and wood shop,
- drafting, and sciences. Courses in management and business may help
- those wishing to operate their own laboratories.
-
- Job Outlook
-
- Job opportunities for dental laboratory technicians should be
- favorable despite little growth in the occupation. Employers have
- difficulty filling trainee positions, probably because of relatively
- low entry level salaries and lack of familiarity with the
- occupation. Also, experienced technicians who have built up a
- favorable reputation with dentists should have good opportunities
- for establishing laboratories of their own.
-
- Although job opportunities are favorable, employment of dental
- laboratory technicians is not expected to grow through the year
- 2005, due to changes in dental care. The fluoridation of drinking
- water, which has reduced the incidence of dental caries, and greater
- emphasis on preventive dental care since the early 1960's have
- improved the overall dental health of the population. As a result,
- people are keeping their teeth longer. Instead of full or partial
- dentures, most people will need a bridge or crown. This means less
- work for the dental laboratory technician, who may need to fabricate
- only three or four teeth rather than a whole set of false teeth.
-
- Office-based, computer-aided equipment, designed to measure a
- patient's mouth and fabricate the required prosthetic device, is
- currently under development and testing in Europe. While not
- replacing the technicians completely, such equipment, when and if it
- comes into widespread use in this country, could reduce the amount
- of time required to produce dental prosthetics and, therefore, the
- demand for dental laboratory technicians.
-
- Earnings
-
- According to the American Dental Association, the average hourly
- earnings for dental laboratory technicians in independent dental
- offices was $13.30 in 1991. According to limited data, trainees in
- dental laboratories average only a little over minimum wage.
- However, earnings rise sharply with experience. In general,
- earnings of self-employed technicians exceed those of salaried
- workers.
-
- Related Occupations
-
- Dental laboratory technicians fabricate artificial teeth, crowns and
- bridges, and orthodontic appliances following the specifications and
- instructions provided by dentists. Other workers who make medical
- devices include arch-support technicians, orthotics technicians
- (braces and surgical supports), prosthetics technicians (artificial
- limbs and appliances), opticians, and ophthalmic laboratory
- technicians.
-
- Sources of Additional Information
-
- For information about training and a list of approved schools,
- contact:
-
- Commission on Dental Accreditation, American Dental Association, 211
- E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL 60611.
-
- General information on grants and scholarships is available from
- dental technology schools.
-
- For information on career opportunities in commercial laboratories,
- contact:
-
- National Association of Dental Laboratories, 3801 Mt. Vernon Ave.,
- Alexandria, VA 22305.
-
- For information on requirements for certification, contact:
-
- National Board for Certification in Dental Technology, 3801 Mt.
- Vernon Ave., Alexandria, VA 22305.
-
-
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
- !
-