IBM CD Showcase/OS2_CD_ROM.iso/smce0001/psns/demo/psns.inf

OS/2 Help File | 1993-04-28 | 208.2 KB | 3,465 lines

ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 1. Version Notice ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Third Edition (Spring 1993)

It is possible that this product may contain reference to, or information
about, concurrent products (machines or programs), programming or services that
are not announced in your country.  Such references or information must not be
construed to mean that IBM will announce such IBM products, programming or
services in your country.

This product may contain examples of data used in daily business correspondence
and operations.  In these examples we use names of hypothetical businesses and
persons.  These names are fictitious and any similarity to names of actual
businesses and persons is purely coincidental.

This product could contain technical inaccuracies or typographical errors.
Changes are periodically made to the information herein; these changes will be
incorporated in new editions of this product.

Requests for copies of this product and for technical information about the
system should be made to your authorised IBM Personal Computer dealer.  All
rights reserved.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2. Notices ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

References in this publication to IBM products, programs or services do not
imply that IBM intends to make these available in all countries in which IBM
operates. Any reference to an IBM product, program, or service is not intended
to state or imply that only IBM's product, program, or service may be used. Any
functionally equivalent product, program, or service that does not infringe any
of IBM's intellectual property rights may be used instead of the IBM product,
program, or service. Evaluation and verification of operation in conjunction
with other products, except those expressly designated by IBM, is the user's
responsibility.

IBM may have patents or pending patent applications covering subject matter in
this document. The furnishing of this document does not give you any license to
these patents. You can send license inquiries, in writing, to the IBM Director
of Commercial Relations, IBM Corporation, Purchase, NY 10577.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.1. Trademarks and Service Marks ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The following terms, denoted by an asterisk (*), used in this publication, are
trademarks or service marks of IBM Corporation in the United States or other
countries:

AS/400                             PC-XT
IBM                                Personal System/2 (PS/2)
IBM Personal Computer              Presentation Manager
OS/2                               System/370
PC-AT                              System/38


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3. Introduction ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4. Quick Start - for people who don't read manuals. ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This is the section for anyone who wants to get up and running with PSnS
without having to read the whole of the manual. It gives a brief explanation of
how to install PSnS and mentions one or two of the new features in version
2.10. Before you start, it is probably worth reading How PSnS Works, for basic
information.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.1. Installing ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

o Insert the installation diskette into your diskette drive, and run the
  program INSTALL. The installation panel will appear on your OS/2 desktop.

o Choose which drive PSnS is installed to, and any additional features (like
  tape backup support) by selecting Options.

o Once you have made sure the settings are suitable, return to the first panel
  and select Install. The program files will be installed, and you will be
  asked to reboot your machine.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.2. Running ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

When your machine reboots, PSnS will run automatically if you have selected Add
to startup during installation (this is the default). The PSnS main menu will
now be on your desktop. To customise the program to your needs, use the options
on the Setup pull-down.

If you have installed the defaultrulebook and want to back up to an
OS/2-supported device (a hard-disk, diskette or optical disk for example), then
you will probably want to select Setup - Rulebooks to change the rulebook to
back up to your required device, and then select Backup - Full backup now! to
perform an initial backup of your system.

Refer to Specifying Drive Configurations if you want to back up to a
non-standard device, such as a tape drive, or host mainframe.

You should find that PSnS is fairly intuitive to use and for things that need a
bit of explaining, full online help is available. As a last resort, you can
always return to the manual!


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.3. New in Version 2.10 ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Several changes have been made to PSnS to make it easier and more convenient to
use and to provide more backup possibilities.

These include:

o A new Manual backup mode which allows you to "switch off" the automatic
  backup facility without shutting down PSnS.

o Two new manual backup options - Full Backup Now! and Incremental Backup Now!
  - make it easier to do one-off backups.

o A new Backing up files panel with more information about the progress of the
  backup.

o The ability to back up to tape drives

o Improved performance with diskettes and other removable volumes.

These, and other changes are mentioned in more detail in the rest of the manual
with a full description of what PSnS can do.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5. Welcome to PSnS ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

At some stage in their use of personal computers, most people have experienced
losing files and data - often through no fault of their own. Each time disaster
strikes, people make resolutions to take more backups but unfortunately they
hardly ever follow them through for long.

PSnS resolves this problem by backing up your files automatically. Once set up,
most of its work will take place almost unnoticed, until you have to restore
lost files.

Another advantage of PSnS is that it will manage the backing up of files to
many different devices ranging from, for example, diskettes, fixed and optical
disks to tape drive, LAN file servers and host computers.

PSnS supports all the features of OS/2* 1.2 and above, including the High
Performance File System (HPFS). It supports long file names and directory
names, as well as backing up and restoring Extended Attributes (EAs). The
special needs of OS/2 2.0's Workplace Shell are also catered for.

PSnS is easy to use even if you have little experience with computers. Most of
the time you do not have to deal with it directly but when you do run the main
program all of the windows which you see are designed in the same way as many
other OS/2 Presentation Manager* products. If you have used products like it
before, it should be easy to get to know this one.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.1. Major Features ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

It performs backups automatically, in the "background"
    OS/2 allows more than one program or application to run at the same time;
   this is called multitasking. PSnS takes advantage of multitasking by
   checking for files to back up even when you are running other programs. This
   makes it easy to keep your PC fixed disk files safe. You do not have to
   remember or discipline yourself to take backups because PSnS does it
   automatically, at whatever intervals you set.

Single, automatic daily backups are available
   You can use PSnS to perform a backup at a specific time of day: to diskettes
   or a tape backup device before closing down your PC, for example, or to a
   central file server. In the latter case, you might like to arrange for this
   to happen when only a few people are using the system, such as at lunchtime
   or after everybody has gone home.

Automatic management of backed up files
   Once you designate how backups are stored, PSnS manages their backup and
   retrieval.

It only backs up all those files you tell it to
   You do not waste valuable storage space and time on unnecessary backups.

Automatic backup of the OS/2 Version 2.0 Workplace Shell
   PSnS will automatically detect changes to your Workplace Shell, and back it
   up as you work.

Full support for OS/2 Version 1.2 and above HPFS and Extended Attributes
   Disks which use the OS/2 Version 1.2 High Performance File System, and files
   which use the Extended Attributes introduced in OS/2 Version 1.2 are fully
   supported. Long file names and long directory names on files being backed up
   or restored are also fully supported. Files with Extended Attributes are
   also backed up and restored along with the file itself.

It can be customised to your personal needs
   A great deal of customisation is possible so that you can tailor a version
   of PSnS to your exact requirements for file checking and file restoring from
   backups.

Extensive online help is available on every window
   The help given is always relevant to the window that is displayed.

It imposes standards for backing up across networks
   PSnS has special files to control which files should be backed up. These can
   be shared over a network, so a network administrator can set up a consistent
   backup strategy for the entire network.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6. About this Manual ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This guide is divided into an introduction and three parts.

o Part 1. Introduction welcomes you to PSnS and gives a brief overview of the
  major features.

o Part 2. User's Guide explains basically how PSnS works and then describes the
  installation and configureation of PSnS along with its most commonly used
  features. It is divided into five main areas:

   - How PSnS works

   - Installing PSnS

   - Configuring PSnS

   - Taking Manual Backups

   - Restoring Data

o Part 3. Technical Reference is provided for users in need of more detailed
  information (network administrators, for example). It contains the more
  technical information on PSnS. For most purposes however, information on how
  to use PSnS will be given in the User's Guide and the online help windows.

o Part 4. Appendixes cover the following areas:

   - Removing PSnS
   - Specifying patterns for file and directory matching.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7. User's Guide ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8. How PSnS Works ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This summary of how PSnS works should be read before you install PSnS. If you
are unsure about some of the terms used here because you do not have much
computer experience, please use the glossary at the back of this manual.

PSnS is a continuously running task under OS/2. At intervals which you
determine, it scans the directories and files on the hard disk (or disks
accessible by the machine on which it is running) and checks for files which
have been changed

When PSnS finds a file which has changed, it puts it on the "Files spotted for
backup" list. After it has checked all the disks, PSnS consults the "trigger
level" - another parameter set by the user - to see if it should back up these
files.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.1. Backup Modes ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

PSnS can operate in three backup modes, two of which are automatic:

Periodic
   PSnS checks directories for new or changed files at intervals you specify.

Timed start
   The directories are checked at a specific time of day.

Manual
   PSnS checks directories and backs up only when you ask it to.

When in this mode PSnS will only take backups if you select one of the options
from the Backup pulldown on the PSnS main window (these options may be used at
any time, not just when PSnS is in manual mode):

o Full backup now!

o Incremental backup now!

o Files spotted

o By pattern

PSnS knows which files you want backed up, and where to back them up to, by
means of special control files called rulebooks.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.2. Rulebooks ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

There are two types of rulebook: local and global. You may have no more than
one of each type in use (that is, being used by PSnS to control backups) at any
time, and there must always be a global rulebook in use.

As an individual user, you will probably just want to use a global rulebook to
control backing up. Local rulebooks are designed to be used when many users are
sharing a global rulebook across a LAN.

Each rulebook contains one or more rules telling PSnS which files it should
backup and where. Each rule is of the format:

<a group of files specified by pattern>  <drive letter>

If you are unsure about specifying files by pattern then refer to Specifying
Patterns for File and Directory Matching.

The <drive letter> might, for example, be C if you are backing up to a fixed
disk. It may also be set to [none] which means that PSnS will not back up the
specified files.

By default, PSnS checks the global rulebook before the local rulebook. This
can, however, be changed by the user.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.3. Help ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

You can always get help when running the PSnS program. The immediate help is
always relevant to the window being displayed. You can also get more general
help whenever you require it by selecting the Help pushbutton if one appears on
the window you are using, or pressing the <F1> key.

You can always return to this guide for more detailed information.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 9. Installing PSnS ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

If you are unsure whether PSnS will run on your system, see Operating
Environment - Hardware and Software Requirements.

The following sections describe how to install PSnS on your fixed disk. Once
you have done this, you should turn to Initial Configuration of PSnS.

To get PSnS running on your computer, you must install from the installation
diskette that comes with PSnS.

There are three steps to installing PSnS:

 1. Setting options and copying from diskette
 2. Modifying OS/2 system files
 3. Configuring your Backup Rulebooks, which tell PSnS what to back up.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 9.1. Running the Installation Program ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Start your computer and peripheral devices, external diskettes, LAN servers and
so on, and wait for the system to finish starting up. Select a diskette drive
and insert the diskette labelled PSnS Install.

With the mouse, open the drive object for the diskette drive you wish to use
(e.g. drive A) and select the INSTALL.EXE object. With the left mouse button,
double-click INSTALL.EXE and the installation program for PSnS will begin to
run.

Note:  If you are running OS/2 version 1.2 or 1.3, you can run the installation
program by starting an OS/2 Session and typing A:\INSTALL.

PSnS is now ready to start installation, and the first installation panel is
displayed.


The First Installation Panel


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 9.1.1. Setting Options and Copying from Diskette ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

In the first installation panel select the Options button by clicking on it
with your mouse or pressing the letter "O" on the keyboard. This will take you
into the second, Installation Options panel of the PSnS Install program.


The Installation Options Panel

It is recommended that you accept all the default settings. In particular, you
should ensure that the Sample Rulebooks checkbox has been selected. Otherwise,
the rulebook you specify will not be installed. Select any additional features,
such as host computer or tape backup support, by clicking the relevant
checkboxes.

Here are some more notes to help you.

o Paths The default will be fine for most purposes. Please ensure that the
  entry for Help text points to a directory included in the SET HELP statement
  in your current CONFIG.SYS file. (This will probably be C:\OS2\HELP if you
  have installed OS/2 on your C drive.)

o Rulebooks. Until you have created some of your own rulebooks, use the sample
  rulebooks provided by the Installation diskette.

  If you are using PSnS on a LAN, your company may have created a global
  rulebook for you to use, and placed it on your installation diskette.

  If you already know the name of the global rulebook you are going to use, you
  must:

    1. Make sure the rulebook is present in the \SAMPLE subdirectory the
       Install diskette.

    2. Type <rulebook name> in the Global entry field of the Rulebooks section
       on the Installation Options Panel. (<rulebook name> is the name of the
       rulebook you want to use).

  If you do not know the name of the global rulebook you are going to use,
  accept the default.

o Recovering PSnS control files. If this is the first time you have installed
  PSnS, do not select this checkbox. You would only select it if, for example,
  you had to reinstall PSnS if you lost the control files accidentally, perhaps
  because you had reformatted the disk on which you store PSnS

o Update CONFIG.SYS You should select this checkbox if this is the first time
  you are installing PSnS, as it allows the installation program to update your
  OS/2 system so PSnS can run properly.

o Add to startup You should select this checkbox if this is the first time you
  are installing PSnS. This will make PSnS run automatically whenever you turn
  on your machine.

  Having made all your selections, click OK to accept the settings or Cancel to
  reject them and you will return to the first installation panel.

  From the first installation panel select Install to proceed to the
  installation of the PSnS program files on to your fixed disk, or Cancel to
  abandon the installation process altogether. The program files will be copied
  on to your machine, and the installation program will update your system
  configuration.

  At the end of installation you will be asked to shutdown OS/2 and reboot your
  machine. This will allow the system changes to take effect, and PSnS will run
  automatically when your machine restarts -.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10. Initial Configuration of PSnS ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

When your machine reboots after installation, the PSnS main menu window will
appear, along with a Welcome help window.

If the menu does not appear, refer to Troubleshooting.


The PSnS Main Menu Window


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10.1. Reading the PSnS Main Menu Window ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10.1.1. Backup Restore Setup Logfile Help ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This is the menu bar showing all the actions available in PSnS. If you select
or click on any of the items, a pull-down menu appears. You may then select
from the options, by clicking with the mouse if you have one. If you are not
using a mouse, either press Alt+<highlighted letter>, or press <F10> to move
the cursor to the menu bar and then the Left/Right and Up/Down cursor keys.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10.1.2. Files spotted for incremental backup ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This shows the number of files that PSnS has spotted as having changed, but has
not backed up yet.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10.1.3. In manual backup mode ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This tells you what backup mode you are using. When you first install PSnS you
will be in manual backup mode. If you use periodic backup, this message will
read Next disk check in <nn> minutes, if you use timed start backup, the
message will be Timed backup set for <nn:nn>.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10.1.4. No last backup time ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This field shows the time and date of the last backup if there was one, and
will change to Last backup was on <date> at <time> once you have performed your
first backup.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10.1.5. Active Global rulebook ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Shows the name of the global rulebook in use. If you accepted the defaults when
you installed PSnS, you will see DESKTOP written here if you are using OS/2
version 2.0 or 2.1, or SYSTEM if you are using OS/2 version 1.2 or 1.3.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10.1.6. Active Local rulebook ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Shows the name of the local rulebook in use. If there is no local rulebook in
use, nothing will be displayed here.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10.1.7. Version 2.10 for 32-bit OS/2 ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This box tells you the version number of PSnS. If you are running under OS/2
v1.3 or 1.3, the message will be Version 2.10 for 16-bit OS/2.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10.2. Backing up control files ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

When you have installed PSnS, the first thing you should consider is storage of
the PSnS control files.

The PSnS control files take a record of filenames and directories which are
used for files backed up. They can be saved either on hard disk or diskette,
and are backed up automatically when you take an ordinary backup.

Warning: If the control files are stored on hard disk, and the disk is
reformatted (or crashes), then the files will be lost. PSnS will not be able to
recover your files, even if they have been backed up to removable volumes.

Please ensure that you either:

o Back control files up to diskette.

o Back them up to diskette before you reformat your hard disk partitions.

The default destination for backing up control files is the C drive. To change
this default refer to Rulebook Configuration.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10.3. PSnS Configuration ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

When the control files have been dealt with, other aspects of PSnS can be
configured. All these choices are optional.

Non-OS/2-supported drive configuration
   If a drive which you want PSnS to back up files to, is a non-OS/2-supported
   drive, for example a tape drive, read Specifying Drive Configurations.

   Your drive is directly supported by OS/2 if the normal OS/2 commands such as
   DIR and COPY work for that drive.

Rulebook configuration
   If you do not wish to use the rulebook which PSnS is set up to use (the one
   you selected during installation), refer to Rulebook Configuration.

Backup mode configuration
   When PSnS is first installed it will be in manual backup mode, so it will
   only backup files when you ask it to. To set PSnS to back up automatically,
   you should refer to Backup Mode Configuration.

When you have carried out these steps, PSnS will be running as you want it on
your system: ready to back up the files you have chosen to the correct place.
In order to ensure that everything is working correctly, read Verifying
Installation.

You may now wish to take an initial backup of some of the files on your disk.
If you do, refer to Taking Manual Backups.

With installation and configuration complete, you can now look forward to using
your computer safe in the knowledge that PSnS is keeping all the files you
value "Safe and Sound".


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11. Specifying Drive Configurations ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.1. Viewing the Disk Drive Details ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

If you want to use another disk drive that is not supported by OS/2,OS/2,
select the Drives option from the Setup pull-down on the PSnS main menu. The
Drive Letter Details window appears.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.1.1. Drive Letter Details Window ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This window allows you to change and add information about the drives.


The Drive Letter Details Window

All the drive letters that PSnS knows are shown in the Letters listbox.

To find information out about it, select a drive using the mouse or the cursor
keys.

For standard OS/2 drives, the command fields will be blank. Standard OS/2
devices are, for example: c.

o Fixed disk drives

o Diskette drives

o Network drives.

Non-OS/2-supported devices such as host processor systems, some optical disk
drives and tape backup systems may only send or receive data using commands
that are not part of OS/2.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.2. Adding New Backup Devices ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

If you want to add drives that are not directly supported by OS/2, select the
Add button from the Drive Letter Details window to display the Tell PSnS about
a new drive window.


Adding A New Drive Letter

Type a drive letter for the new drive, in the range A-Z. Do not choose a letter
belonging to your computer's standard drives, even if it has not been used yet.

To specify the type of device that you wish to back up to, select one of the
radio buttons shown in the panel.

Three checkboxes are displayed. They will be set automatically when you specify
the type of drive you are adding:

o The volumes in the drive can be changed by the user
  This tells PSnS that volumes such as diskettes can be changed if necessary.
  PSnS then knows that it should maintain a list of the backup volumes used in
  this drive.

o Drive is directly supported by OS/2 commands and tape drives. You must type
  in the commands to back up files to and restore files from this drive. The
  sections below describe how to compose these commands for different types of
  drive.

o Files should be batched when they are backed up to this drive

After adding the new drive letter, select OK and you will be returned to the
Drive Letter Details window.

If you decide not to add a new drive letter, select Cancel and you will be
returned to the Drive Letter Details window

If you want to abandon all the changes you have made, select Cancel from the
Drive Letter Details window and you will be returned to the PSnS main menu.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.2.1. Setting up a Tape Drive for use with PSnS ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.2.1.1. Introduction ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

To give PSnS access to a tape drive, a 2 stage process is used:

 1. PSnS scans the disk and makes a list of file which should be backed up.

 2. PSnS starts a program which takes this list of files, and instructs a tape
    backup program to copy these files to tape.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.2.1.2. Setting up Tape Backup ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Included in the PSnS package are two programs called BACKUP.CMD and
RESTORE.CMD, which provide examples of how the tape interface programs work.
They are based on the IBM PS/2 Internal Tape Backup Program, and create a set
of instructions which that program will understand. If you are using another
tape backup program, you will need to use a slightly different set of commands.
Refer to the documentation for your specific package for details of how to
invoke the program to back up a set of files.

The example programs are written in the OS/2 command language REXX/2. The
syntax and use of the language is explained in the OS/2 system documentation.

To set up PSnS to back up to tape, you should set up the tape drive as
described in the previous section. You should include the commands to back up
to and restore from tape in the Drive letter details window. To use the example
programs you would enter the backup command as

C:\PSS\CODE\BACKUP.CMD &B
and the restore command as

C:\PSS\CODE\RESTORE.CMD &B

When these programs are run, they are passed the name of the file containing
the list of files to be backed up or restored as a parameter. So they might
typically be started using the instruction

C:\PSS\CODE\BACKUP BATCH1.PSB

The format of the "batch" files produced by PSnS is as follows:

Component         Description

First Line        The drive letter of the drive being backed up to, the name of
                  the "batch" (backup set) on the tape and the number of the
                  tape being used, all separated by spaces.

All other lines   The name of the file to be copied, and its backed up name.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.2.1.3. Example ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The list of files to be backed up might look like this:

T 001A 2
C:\DOC\REPORT.DOC 003F.00
C:\DOC\USERS.DOC 003F.00
C:\DOC\WEEK12.DOC 003G.00
C:\DOC\REPORT.DOC 003H.00
C:\DOC\PROJECT\REVIEW.DOC 003I.00

The BACKUP program provided with PSnS would convert this into the following
file, called BACKUP.BPF:

/R /S "C:\DOC\REPORT.DOC"
/R /S "C:\DOC\USERS.DOC"
/R /S "C:\DOC\WEEK12.DOC"
/R /S "C:\DOC\REPORT.DOC"
/R /S "C:\DOC\PROJECT\REVIEW.DOC"
The program then executes the command

C:\OS2TAPE\OS2TAPE BACKUP /M 1 /W 1 /B RHS /R /N "Name" /F BACKUP.BPF
Where Name is the name of the backup set, in this case 001A (taken from the
first line of the file BATCH1.PSS).

The RESTORE program works in exactly the same way, except that it uses the
OS2TAPE RESTORE command to restore the files.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.2.2. Setting up Host Mainframe backup from PSnS ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

PSnS comes with programs which allow backup and restore of files to a VM/CMS
host system. You cannot use the standard SEND and RECEIVE commands, because of
restrictions in the OS/2 Extended Services. Instead, use PSSSEND and PSSRECV.

These are only examples, consult the documentation for your own equipment.

The backup command could be:

C:\PSS\CODE\PSSSEND  &s a:&n &x

The restore command could then be:

C:\PSS\CODE\PSSRECV  &s a:&n &x


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.2.3. Commands to Drives Not Directly Supported by OS/2 ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

If you are backing up to a non-OS/2-supported device that is not a tape drive
or a host mainframe, then you must use backup commands specific for that
device. These commands can be edited in the Drive Letter Details window.

Commands for backing up files to and restoring files from non-OS/2-supported
drives are compulsory and must be used for all backing up of files. Because
PSnS will use these commands on many different files, you must use tokens to
represent parts of the command. PSnS will substitute the necessary file
identifiers when the commands are needed. Following is a description of the
tokens:

&s  The full drive, path, name, and extension of the file to be backed up. This
    is the source file.

&t  The full drive, path, name, and extension for the backup copy PSnS will
    make. This is the target file. The parts of this name are available as
    tokens as well.

   &d  The drive letter of the target file (with no colon). This is the letter
       which you specified in the Drive letter details window.

   &n  The file name of the target file (without a dot). This name is made up
       by PSnS and will consist of four alpha-numeric characters in the range
       A-Z or 0-9.

   &x  The file extension of the target file (without a dot). This will be two
       digits made up by PSnS in the range 0-99.

For example, a command to communicate with the non-OS/2-supported drive might
be:

MYCOPY [orig spec] [new spec]
size=5p6.

[orig spec] represents the complete file specification of the file being
          copied.

[new spec] represents the complete file specification of the copy being made.

You could type the backup command as:

MYCOPY  &s  &t

The restore command is then:

MYCOPY  &t  &s

When using the commands, PSnS substitutes the file identifiers for the tokens
you supplied.

For example, if the original file was C:\SMP\FILE.EXE and the backup file is
ABCD.01, then:

&s  is  C:\SMP\FILE.EXE

&t  is  X:\PSSBKP\USER\ABCD.01

&d  is  X

&n  is  ABCD

&x  is  01

Note:  Make sure that the tokens you supply will give enough information for
the files to be processed as you intend. Using the above example, if you had
typed:

MYCOPY  &s  &n

your file would be backed up without the extension on the target file name.
PSnS would not be able to recover the file.

The commands must either be in the current path or you must specify the
complete path name, including drive, path, and file name. For example:

D:\DIR1\MYCOPY

Note:  The path is a OS/2 environment variable which is set up in your
initialisation files. For details of the use and function of path, consult your
OS/2 documentation.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.3. Deleting a Drive ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Select the drive you want to delete from the listbox by using the mouse or the
cursor keys. Select the Delete button from the Drive letter details window and
a dialog box will appear asking you to confirm the deletion.

Note that PSnS will let you delete any drive from this listbox. However, if the
drive you delete is used in the active rulebook or it is fundamental to the
operation of the program, then it will be added back to the list automatically.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 12. Rulebook Configuration ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 12.1. Introduction ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Rulebooks are special files which PSnS uses to control backups. Each rulebook
contains a list of one or more rules which tell PSnS which files should be
backed up and where they should be stored.

There are two types of rulebooks; global and local. You may have any number of
different global and local rulebooks, but only one of each may be active at any
time. It is compulsory to have a global rulebook active.

This chapter describes how Rulebooks can be set up to meet your personal
requirements. The topics covered are:

o The default rule options, and backup disk for control files

o Editing a rulebook

o Selecting your active rulebooks

o Testing your active rulebooks

o Creating a rulebook, either from scratch or from existing rulebooks

o Deleting a rulebook.

Select the Rulebooks option from the Setup pull-down on the PSnS main menu to
display the Rulebooks window, similar to the example shown in "Figure: The
Rulebooks Window".


The Rulebooks Window

You should read the rest of this introduction if you are unsure how PSnS uses
rulebooks to control the backups which it performs.

If you are unsure about selecting files by pattern, read Specifying Patterns
for File and Directory Matching now.

PSnS is supplied with an example rulebook which helps you to familiarise
yourself with rulebooks. Select EXAMPLE from the Available Rulebooks listbox.
Choose the Open option from the Rulebook pull-down menu or double-click the
rulebook name in the Available Rulebooks listbox. This will invoke the Edit
rules window as shown below. This window shows the details of the EXAMPLE
rulebook, including a list of the patterns used in it.


The Edit Rules Window

When PSnS checks your files for backup, it takes each file name and compares it
with the patterns in your rulebook. It starts at the first rule and works down.
Once PSnS finds a match, it backs up the file to the drive specified or ignores
the file if the drive is [none]. The order of rulebooks is therefore important
- if your first rule tells PSnS to backup everything to drive C, and your
second rule tells PSnS not to backup any files beginning with the letter A,
PSnS would backup all the files, because it would never check the second rule.

The EXAMPLE rulebook has three rules. The first rule tells PSnS to backup all
files with the extension TXT from the directory MYFILES on the C drive to drive
[none]. In other words, PSnS should not backup these files. This is called an
exclusion rule.

The next rule tells PSnS to backup all the other files in the MYFILES directory
to drive C.

The last rule tells PSnS to backup everything from the ACCOUNTS\DATA directory
on any drive to drive A.

To select a rule either click on it with the mouse or move to it using the
cursor keys.

Select the second rule. Notice that Trigger backup when files changed this many
times is set to 1. This means that the files will be backed up after only one
change. Notice also that PSnS has been told to keep three generations of each
file. Do not worry about the last field as it is described in Editing a
rulebook later on.

The options for the third rule are the same as for the second.

Select OK to return to the Rulebooks window.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 12.2. Default Rule Options ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The default options for a rulebook and the backup disk for control files can be
displayed by selecting Change defaults from the Options pull-down on the List
of Rulebooks window:


The Rulebook Defaults Window

Backup device used in new rules
   When adding a new rule, this drive will automatically be selected as the
   backup drive.

Backup device for PSnS control files
   PSnS backs up its control files to this drive.

Backup trigger level
   The default number of changes that must be made to a file before it is
   backed up.

Backup generations
   The default number of generations of backup that will be kept.

To change the a drive letter, select the arrows on the right of the field. A
drop-down box appears showing the drive values you can select.

To change the values in the bottom two boxes, either click on the arrows on the
right of each box, or use the Tab key until the box is highlighted and press
the Up and Down cursor keys. The arrows on the other two boxes scroll up and
down through the range 1-99.

To search active global rulebooks before active local rulebooks, or vice versa,
choose the Select Checking Order option from the Options pull-down menu in the
List of Rulebooks panel. If the Check Global before Local option is selected,
then global rulebooks will be checked first. If the Check Local before Global
option is selected, then local rulebooks will be checked first. Use this with
caution as it could dramatically affect the way PSnS will back up files. The
order in which the rulebooks are searched can make a difference to which files
are backed up and where they are stored because the first rule matching a file
will be used. Thus, the different search orders may activate different rules.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 12.3. Editing a Rulebook ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This mode allows you to alter the rules and options within a rulebook. It
enables you to specify which groups of files PSnS is to back up, and where to
store them.

Select the rulebook you wish to edit from the Rulebooks window, then select the
Open option from the Rulebook pull-down menu. This will invoke the Edit rules
window as shown in "Figure: The Edit Rules Window".

The following describes how to: c.

o Edit rules

o Change the rulebook options for each rule

o Add rules

o Delete rules.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 12.3.1. Editing Rules ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

To edit rules, select the pattern that you want to change. Move the cursor to
the Pattern: field and change the rule there. You can also change the
description. The new pattern will appear in the list of rules when you select a
different rule.

You can have up to 128 characters in a Pattern field and 64 in the Description
fields. To see characters in parts of a field outside a box, drag the mouse or
use the Left/Right cursor keys.

If you edit a global rulebook you have to enter the password of the current
active global rulebook (if it has one). Remember that passwords are sensitive
to upper and lower case.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 12.3.2. Rulebook Options for Specific Rules ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Trigger backup when files changed this many times
   This shows how many times files matching the highlighted pattern will have
   to be spotted before a backup is triggered. Change the values by clicking on
   the up and down arrows at the side of the box.

Keep this many generations of backups
   This is the number of successive generations of files matching the
   highlighted pattern that will be kept. Change the values by clicking on the
   Up/Down arrows at the side of the box or use your keyboard cursor keys.

Compress command
   This is the command that PSnS uses to compress files before making backup
   copies. If a * is shown in the box, PSnS will use its own compression
   program.

Uncompress command
   This is the command that PSnS uses to uncompress files before retrieving
   them. If a * is shown in the box, PSnS will use its own uncompression
   program.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 12.3.3. Changing File Compression and Uncompression Commands ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The default commands that PSnS uses to compress and uncompress files
(designated by *) compress most files well, but some, especially files
containing random data, do not. You may prefer to use your own file compression
programs for these files. Enter your own commands for compressing and
uncompressing files.

A blank in the box indicates that file compression should not take place.
Anything else will be interpreted as a compression command. The uncompress
command restores the files to their original size again when you restore them
from backup.

Warning: File compression takes place when files are about to be backed up. Do
not change compression and uncompression commands between backing up and
restoring a file matching the highlighted pattern. If you do, there is a danger
that a file might be uncompressed using the wrong uncompression program thus
ruining your data.

Furthermore, when PSnS restores a file backed up using your own compression
program, it needs to refer to the rulebook so it can use the correct
uncompression program. You should therefore change your rulebooks with extreme
caution if you are using your own compression program as you may make files
previously backed up impossible to restore.

The commands you enter in these fields must either reside in the current path,
or you must specify the drive, path, and file name completely, as in:

D:\DIR1\MYCOMP  &s  &t /c

This single command will have to process many different files, so PSnS uses
tokens as a way of expressing this. The full specification of drive, path, and
file name of the source file (the file to be backed up) is represented by the
token &s, and &t represents the name and extension of the compressed file. For
further information about tokens see Commands to Drives Not Directly Supported
by OS/2

Suppose you want PSnS to use a command MYCOMP, which has the form:

MYCOMP  <input spec> < output spec>  /  myoption

where:

input spec     Is the specification of the input file
output spec    Is the specification of the output file
myoption       Is c or u to indicate compress or uncompress.

This is how you might specify a compress command to compress the file
C:\DIR1\EXAMP.FIL to give the compressed file D:\DIR2\EXAMP.COM. :

MYCOMP  C:\DIR1\EXAMP.FIL  D:\DIR2\EXAMP.COM /c

The actual compress command you type in would be:

MYCOMP  &s  &t  /c

Uncompress works in the same way but the source and compress files would be the
other way around:

MYCOMP  &t  &s  /u

When it needs to issue the commands, PSnS will replace the tokens with the
correct file identifiers.

You can have 64 characters in the Compress command, and Uncompress command
fields. To see characters in parts of a field outside a box use the Left/Right
cursor keys or drag the mouse to the beginning or end of the box.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 12.3.4. Adding Rules ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

New rules are inserted into the rules list before the highlighted rule. Select
the Add option from the Rulebook pull-down menu in the List of Rulebooks
window. The Add a new rule window is displayed.

Type in the file-matching pattern that you want PSnS to search for and select
the backup drive (or [none] if you are creating an exclusion rule). Type in the
description for the rule for reference and select OK.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 12.3.5. Deleting Rules ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

To delete a rule, simply highlight it in the usual manner, and select the
Delete option from the Rulebook pull-down menu on the List of Rulebooks window.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 12.4. Selecting a Rulebook To Use ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

PSnS marks the rulebooks it is using with an <in use> tag on the Rulebooks
window. One global rulebook is always in use but a local rulebook is optional.

Select the rulebook you wish to use by clicking it with the mouse or by using
the keyboard cursor keys. Then press the Use option on the Rulebook pull-down
menu.

If the selected rulebook is a global rulebook, you will be prompted to type the
password if there is one. After you have typed the password, select OK. The <in
use> tag switches to the highlighted rulebook.

Note:  Passwords are sensitive to upper and lower case letters. :enote.

If you have selected a local rulebook the <in use> tag will appear in the wame
way. To stop using a local rulebook, highlight it and then select the Use
option again. The <in use> tag will disappear.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 12.5. Testing Your Active Rulebooks ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

To test a rulebook, select the Test Active Rulebooks option from the Rulebook
pull-down menu on the List of Rulebooks panel. The Testing Rulebooks screen
will then be displayed. The program will scan your disks and give a list of the
files that are covered by the active rulebooks.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 12.6. Creating New Rulebooks ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

There are two ways of creating new rulebooks

o From scratch using the Add option from the Rulebook pull-down menu.

o Copying an existing rulebook and giving it a new name using the Copy item on
  the Rulebook pull-down menu.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 12.6.1. Creating a Rulebook from Scratch ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Select New from the Rulebook pull-down in the List of Rulebooks window to
invoke the Add a new rulebook window. Type in the name for the new rulebook.
The radio buttons allow you to choose whether the new rulebook will be global
or local. Select OK to confirm your choices and pass directly into the rulebook
editing panel. To abandon creating your new rulebook select Cancel.

If you are adding a global rulebook, you will be asked to enter a password for
the rulebook. Leave this field blank if you do not want a password.

Note:  Passwords for global rulebooks are sensitive to upper and lower case.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 12.6.2. Copying a Rulebook ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Select a rulebook by using your mouse or the Up/Down cursor keys until the
rulebook which you want to copy is highlighted. Select the Copy item in the
Rulebooks pull-down menu. Press Enter or double-click to display a window which
asks you to enter a name for the new rulebook.

At this stage you must choose whether you want the new rulebook to be global or
local by selecting the appropriate radio button. When you are satisfied with
your choice, select the OK button.

If you are creating a local rulebook, you will be returned to the List of
Rulebooks panel.

If the rulebook that you are creating is to be global, you must type in the
password of the active global rulebook if it has one. (The sample rulebooks on
the installation diskette don't have passwords, therefore this will not affect
you if one of them is in use). Another window will appear, now requesting the
password for the new global rulebook. Type in the new password (if you want
one) and press Enter or select the OK button.

If you want to change a local rulebook into a global rulebook with the same
name, you may want to delete the local rulebook version after you have made the
copy.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 12.7. Deleting Rulebooks ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Select the Delete option from the Rulebooks pull-down menu if you want to
delete a rulebook. You will be asked to confirm your decision. Press OK to
delete the rulebook or Cancel if you decide not to delete it.

If you are attempting to delete a global rulebook, you must know the password
of the active global rulebook. A window appears for you to type in the
password. You will see a message window asking you to confirm the deletion. If
you type the password incorrectly, you will get an error message.

Note:  Passwords are case sensitive.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 12.8. Confirming the Changes ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

If you are happy with the changes you have made to the list of rulebooks and
the default rulebook options, select Exit from the Rulebook pull-down. You will
be asked if you want to save the changes you have made.

If you want to abandon the changes select No.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 13. Backup Mode Configuration ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

If you have just installed PSnS as described in this guide, it will be set to
run in manual backup mode. PSnS's background backup activity will be suspended
until you have configured the program's settings to suit your particular needs
and instructed PSnS to run in one of its two main background backup modes. This
section explains how you can:

o Select the backup mode
o Set the times when files are checked.

Select the Timed start... option from the Setup pull-down on the PSnS main menu
to display the Change backup modes and times window.


The Change Backup Mode and Times Window

You must select one of three radio buttons:

Check disks for files to backup at intervals of:
   In this mode, PSnS will check the disks for files to back up at the
   intervals specified by the boxes on this option. To change the interval, use
   the scroll bars to alter the time shown in the boxes.

Check for changed files and run backup at time:
   In this mode, PSnS will check the disks for files to back up once a day, at
   the time shown in the boxes. To change the time, use the scroll bars. When
   PSnS is in this mode, the disk(s) will be scanned as a whole before file
   transfers are done. The trigger level setting is ignored.

Backup files on request only
   With this radio button selected, PSnS is in effect suspended until the
   backup mode is changed or one of the options from the main Backup menu is
   selected.

Confirm any changes by pressing the OK button, or discard them with the Cancel
button.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 14. Removable Volume Configuration ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 14.1. Informing PSnS about Removable Volumes ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

PSnS can be used to back up files to "removable storage media", such as
diskettes and tapes. Although PSnS will manage this task for you automatically,
it also allows you to check what is going on via the List of Removable Volumes
window.

Select the option Removable volumes from the Setup pull-down on the PSnS main
menu to see what removable storage media are already available to PSnS. The
List of Removable Volumes window appears.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 14.1.1. The List of Removable Volumes Window ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This window allows you to see information about removable volumes that PSnS
knows about. With this window, you can: c.

o Add new removable volumes and details

o Delete removable volumes

o Refresh removable volumes

o Assign a specific number to a removable volume.

The List of Removable Volumes window contains a list box showing the
identifying numbers for each removable volume. One of the numbers on the list
will always be highlighted. The home drive letter and the number of kilobytes
of free space on the highlighted volume appear to the right of the listbox.
Select any removable volume by scrolling up and down the listbox using the
mouse or cursor keys.


The List of Removable Volumes Window

When you are finished with the window, click on OK to save your selections and
return to the PSnS main menu. Select Cancel if you wish to discard what you
have done and return to the PSnS main menu.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 14.1.2. Adding New Removable Volumes ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

PSnS must know about any removable storage medium you intend to use for storing
backup files. It must be able to identify each storage medium so it can ask you
to insert a particular one when it needs it.

Make sure you mark each volume you define with the identifying number you are
told it has been given by PSnS.

To update the list of removable volumes, you can:

o Let PSnS ask for new volumes when it needs them; for example if PSnS runs out
  of space on the removable volumes whilst performing a backup.

o Prepare some volumes in advance, by selecting the Add button from the List of
  Removable Volumes window.

In either case, the Allocate a volume for PSnS to use window appears (see
"Figure: The Add New Removable Volume Window").

Note:  You cannot prepare diskettes which are to be used for backups of PSnS
control files in advance. PSnS will ask for these when it needs them.


The Add New Removable Volume Window

Type in a drive letter for the new volume. If you have several drives of the
same type, each removable volume you add will only be used by the drive for
which it was defined. The number PSnS intends to assign to the new volume is
shown immediately below the box displaying the relevant drive letter.

If you are adding a diskette, you can have it formatted by PSnS. The program
will format at the density you specify. For other OS/2-supported drives (for
example optical disk drives), you have to supply a pre-formatted volume, and
ask PSnS to find out how much free space the is by selecting the relevant
checkbox.

If you are adding a volume for a drive that is not supported by OS/2 then you
must enter the size, in kilobytes, of the removable volume that you are using.

When you are ready, select OK and the new volume will be added to the list. You
will be asked to place the volume in its drive if the drive is OS/2-supported.
PSnS will display the new identifying number and ask you to write the number on
the label of that particular volume immediately.

It is recommended to mark the volume as soon as PSnS asks for it in order to
avoid confusing your backup volumes with any other diskettes you may be using.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 14.1.2.1. Assigning specific numbers to removable volumes ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

By default PSnS does not re-assign a number it has already used to a new
removable volume even though the volume the number originally applied to has
been removed from the List of Removable volumes using Delete. Instead it
assigns a new number, adding one to the number PSnS last assigned. If you want
to assign a specific number to a removable volume - to replace an old diskette
with a fresh one, for instance - you can assign the number of your choice by
indicating it in the Next Volume Number selection box, using your mouse or
cursor keys to control the arrow buttons raising or lowering the number shown.
PSnS will then start counting volumes again from that number, using any numbers
that are not already being used for backup.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 14.1.2.2. Deleting a Removable Volume ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

To delete a removable volume from the list, highlight the volume you want to
remove by using the mouse or the cursor keys and select the Delete button.

Warning: When a volume is deleted, the backups it contains cannot be restored,
because all archive records about the volume are destroyed. This includes any
files only partly backed up to the volume.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 14.1.2.3. Refreshing Removable Volumes ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

If you are using diskettes to backup many files, then several diskettes will be
required to hold all the data that has been backed up. In order to avoid
disruption to the user while it is backing up, PSnS will avoid swapping between
diskettes as far as possible. To achieve this it does not remove any old
generations of backed up files during the backup process unless they happen to
be on the diskette that is currently being used. It simply 'remembers' that the
old generation of backup is no longer needed, and deletes it the next time the
diskette the file is on is used for a backup.

You can free this space manually by selecting the Refresh button from the List
of Removable Volumes window and marking the Refresh contents of Backup
Removable Volumes checkbox. PSnS will then ask for each diskette in turn, and
delete any old generations of backup that are no longer needed on the diskette.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 14.1.2.4. Refreshing Control File Backups ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

If you back up the PSnS control files to diskette, then those diskettes may be
refreshed a similar way - mark the Refresh control file backups checkbox after
clicking on Refresh in the List of Removable Volumes window

This will create a new set of control file backups from scratch, asking you for
new control file diskettes as necessary.

When you have finished looking at or changing the removable volume list, select
the OK button.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 14.2. Using Backup Diskettes ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

PSnS makes it easy to use diskettes as a storage medium because it only stores
backup files on diskettes that it knows. This means that it cannot accidentally
overwrite your own diskettes.

PSnS labels diskettes electronically and checks them when you load them. If you
do insert the wrong diskette PSnS displays a message to tell you to load the
correct one.

Although PSnS makes it easy to use diskettes, it is recommended that you use
fixed disks whenever possible, because:

o You do not need to load and unload a fixed disk.

o You might accidentally use your backup diskettes for other purposes.

o It is faster to back up to fixed disks.

o You have to format the diskettes.

o Fixed disks are harder to lose.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 14.2.1. Using System Diskettes ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Diskettes used to hold backups of PSnS control files are called system
diskettes. They can be used to control the restoring of an entire fixed disk
that contains the PSnS system. Make sure you keep system diskettes separate
from your backup diskettes.

The first time the control files are backed up to diskette, you will be asked
to insert a new diskette. The control files will then be copied to it.

You will be asked to write a label to identify the new diskette as a system
diskette, so you can find it easily the next time it is needed. Do not use
ordinary backup diskettes or any diskette containing other data as all its data
will be lost.

In the unlikely event that all the control file data will not fit onto a single
system diskette, you will be asked to repeat the procedure for another
diskette.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 15. Verifying Installation ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This section is a simple test to ensure PSnS is working correctly on your
computer or networked system. It describes the backup of a single file to your
C drive and its restoration.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 15.1. Selecting the VERIFY rulebook ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Select the Rulebooks option from the Setup pull-down on the PSnS main menu to
display the List of Rulebooks window. Choose the VERIFY rulebook with the mouse
or cursor keys and then select the Use item from the pull-down menu.

If you wish to check that PSnS is backing up correctly to drives other than the
default, the VERIFY rulebook must be altered. To do this select VERIFY and
choose the Edit item from the Rulebook pull-down menu. or double-click on
VERIFY in the listbox. Move to the to drive field and enter the new drive
letter.

You can also use a different file for the initial backup. Enter a different
pattern in the Pattern field, and press OK when you are happy with your
changes. You will be returned to the List of Rulebooks window. If you are happy
with the changes you have made to the VERIFY rulebook, then select Exit from
the Rulebook pull-down. You will be asked if you want to save the changes you
have made.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 15.2. Backing up DUMMY.FIL ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Select the Full backup now! item from the Backup pull-down on the PSnS main
menu to use the VERIFY rulebook to back up DUMMY.FIL.

If everything is working correctly, PSnS displays a panel telling you it is
backing up the file. If this does not happen, please refer to Troubleshooting.

You should now erase the file by opening an OS/2 command prompt and entering
ERASE C:\PSS\CODE\DUMMY.FIL.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 15.3. Restoring DUMMY.FIL ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Return to the PSnS main menu.

Choose the Specific files option from the Restore pull-down on the PSnS main
menu. Select the C:\PSS\CODE directory, by:

o Selecting C: from the Directories and drives box.
o Select PSS.
o Select CODE.
o Finally, select DUMMY.FIL from the Files box and click the Restore button.
  PSnS will ask you to confirm your choice of file.

Select OK to restore the file. If all is well, PSnS will tell you it is
restoring the file and returns you to the Select files from backup window.

You should check that the file has been restored properly. Return to the OS/2
command prompt and enter:

TYPE C:\PSS\CODE\DUMMY.FIL

If you get the response:

This is a dummy file to be used during verification.
then PSnS is working correctly on your system. If not, refer to
Troubleshooting.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 16. Taking Manual Backups ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

On occasion you might need to back up files before the automatic backup takes
place; if you are about to shutdown your computer for instance, or when you
have just installed PSnS and want to make sure that your important files are
backed up immediately.

Use the options on the Backup pull-down from the PSnS main menu to take manual
backups.

Note:  Backing up a large number of files can take a long time, particularly if
you are using a slow device such as a diskette. :enote.

In all four of the options, only files described in your active rulebooks will
be backed up.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 16.1. Full Backup Now and Incremental Backup Now ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

When you select the Full Backup Now!option from the Backup pull-down the PSnS
backup panel will appear and all files specified by your active rulebooks will
be backed up. This includes files that have not been changed since the last
backup. You could use this option for an initial backup, to make sure you have
a backup of all the files specified by your rulebooks.

If you select the Incremental Backup Now option PSnS will take backups of all
files that have changed since the last backup, regardless of the trigger level
set for those files in the relevant rulebook. A backup is taken even if a file
has not been changed the required number of times. You might select this option
if you suddenly have to shutdown your computer, or if you are about to leave
and do not want to wait for automatic backup.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 16.2. Manually Backing Up Groups of Files ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Use this option to back up a group of files that conform to a particular
pattern, for example you could backup all the files with an extension of 'TXT'
in a particular directory without waiting for PSnS to back them up
automatically.

Note:  You can only back up files that are described in active rulebooks.

Select the By pattern option from the Backup pull-down on the PSnS main menu to
display the Back up files by pattern window.

Type the name of the directory you want to search, do not enter wildcards on
the directory line. If you do, a message box appears telling you that you have
entered an invalid pattern. Select OK to return to the Back up files by pattern
window and correct the entry you made. Instead of using wildcards you can
select the checkbox Including files found in subdirectories of this directory.

Type the pattern that matches the group of files you want to back up in the
entry field (see Specifying Patterns for File and Directory Matching if you are
unsure). Only enter *.* if you want to backup all files in the directory you
have selected, except for those excluded by your current rulebook.

You can enter a date to tell PSnS how recently files must have been created or
changed for them to be backed up. When you select OK, PSnS searches for files
with the pattern you typed. If it finds files matching the patterns in your
active rulebooks and these files were created or changed on or after the date
you indicated, it will back them up.

If you want to back up the files regardless of whether they have changed since
the last backup, select the checkbox Including files not changed since last
backup from the Backup selected files window.

Note:  The date format used will be the date format you have selected for your
OS/2 system using the OS/2 Control Panel (OS/2 v.1.2 and 1.3) and System Setup
(OS/2 v2.x). The text after this entry field will give an example using the
selected date format.

Select Cancel to discard your choices or click OK once you have selected all
the options you require. The PSnS backup panel will appear appear and PSnS now
backs up the files which you have requested. It will let you know if it needs
any help (for example, when it needs any new diskettes for back up).


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 16.3. Manually Backing Up Files Spotted as Changed ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option will back up files that PSnS has spotted as being changed but which
have not been backed up yet because of a high trigger level. That is, they have
been changed fewer times than the number specified in the relevant rulebook. At
least one disk check must have taken place for files to be spotted.

Select the Files spotted option from the Backup pull-down on the PSnS main
menu. A window appears with a list of the files that have been spotted.


The Backup Files Spotted Files window

If there are no files spotted as changed a panel will appear with the message :

PSS0156: There are no files currently spotted for backup.

Click on the OK button and you will be returned to the PSnS main menu.

You can remove files from the list by selecting them and then clicking on the
Remove button to the right of the listbox. These files will be removed from the
list of files pending backup, and only put back if they are changed again. When
you are happy with the list of files to be backed up, make sure that that the
option Backup the files is selected in the panel below the listbox and then
click on OK. The usual PSnS backup panel will appear.

To leave the Backup Files Spotted window without making a backup either click
on Cancel or select the Don't backup any files option and then click on OK. You
will be returned to the PSnS main menu.

If PSnS cannot backup a file (for example, because the diskette is unavailable
or the drive isn't working), it remains on the files spotted list. If files
were deleted before they were backed up, the number on the files spotted
display may not show the actual number backed up.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 17. The Logged Record of Backups ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

PSnS keeps a record of all the files of which it takes backup copies. This is
called the log file. It is kept in a file called BACKUP.LOG in the PSnS System
Data directory, called \PSS\SYSDATA\, on the drive on which you installed PSnS.

Select the Logfile pull-down from the PSnS main menu and you can :

o View the log file
o Choose what is recorded on the log file
o Choose a logview program.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 17.1. Viewing the Log File ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

To view the log of backed-up files, select the View log option from the Logfile
pull-down menu. This displays the Backup Log file which holds the date and time
of all the files backed up with their full file specification (drive, path and
name). It also shows the drive letter of the drive they were backed up to and
whether or not the backup was successful. If the was backup was unsuccessful
then an error code is also displayed.

When viewing the log file, PSnS will use an editor program. Depending on the
editor, you may be offered options such as File, Edit, and Options for
selecting fonts, colours, and so on. The System Editor will also have a Help
option.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 17.2. Choosing What is Recorded in the Log File ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

To select which records are written to the log file, select from the two
checkmark options underneath the View log option. These options are:

o Log successes
o Log failures.

You can choose to record the successful backups or the unsuccessful backups or
both. Successful backups are ones where the file has been backed up and all the
PSnS control files have been updated correctly. A failed backup is one where
one of these steps cannot be performed, for example, if an attempt was made to
back up to an unknown drive.

This is what a few lines of a log file might look like:

- 03-05-90   08:30                    >C   <C:\STARTUP.CMD
- 03-05-90   18:30                    >C   <C:\AUTOEXEC.BAT
X 03-05-90   18:55      10            >H   <C:\FAIL.ME
- 03-05-90   18:58                    >C   <C:\MYDIR\PATCH.CMD
This shows that three files were backed up  successfully and one unsuccessfully
- a failed backup is shown by an 'X' next to the date. The error code on the
failed backup was 10. In the backup log error codes below, you can see that the
backup failed because drive H does not exist.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 17.2.1. Log File Error Codes ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The error codes are:

10  Attempt to back up to unknown drive. Make sure the destination drive is in
    the drive tables.

20  There was an error with removable volumes. The user may have been unable to
    put the right removable volume in the drive or unable to add a new volume
    when the others were full.

30  The C drive is full on the machine running PSnS.

40  An error occurred in a user-specified function (a backup or restore
    command, or the compress/uncompress command).

50  An error occurred in the PSnS compress function. It may have run out of
    memory, or the file may have been locked or inaccessible. This can also
    occur if you define a drive that does not exist or is inaccessible, and
    then try to back up to it.

60  A problem occurred in copying a file to an OS/2-supported drive. The drive
    may have been full or inaccessible.

70  A problem occurred with a user copy function used in backing up to a
    non-OS/2-supported drive. The program gave a non-zero ERRORLEVEL, or return
    code.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 17.3. Choosing a Logview Program ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Selecting the Logview program option on the Log file pull-down on the PSnS main
menu window shows you what program PSnS uses to view the log file. The default
program is the OS/2 System Editor. It is used automatically if the entry field
is blank.

To use your own Logview program, select the Logview program option. The Set
program to use for logview window is displayed. It asks you to enter the full
path and program name with which you wish to view the log. When you have done
this, select the OK button.

If you decide not to change the Logview program that is used, select the Cancel
button.

Note:  It should be remembered that a windowed editor for OS/2 Presentation
Manager must be used to view the Logview program. Full-screen editors and those
running under DOS and Win-OS/2 are not supported.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 18. Restoring or Deleting Data from Backup ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The first part of this chapter tells you how to restore files from backup
copies.

There are two methods for restoring files:

o Specific files, by individual selection from the records of files backed up.

o Files by pattern, if there are groups of files to be restored.
The main PSnS program must be activated to restore files by either method.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 18.1. Restoring Specific Files ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

If you have only lost one or two files, or if you want to retrieve a particular
generation of a file, the Restore specific files option should be used. Select
the Specific files option from the Restore pull-down on the PSnS main menu. The
Select files from backup window appears.

This window displays all files for which a backup exists, and the directory
structures that they were backed up from. File names will appear in the Files
listbox on the left of the window, and directory names and drive letters in the
Directories and drives listbox on the right.


The Select Files from Backups window

Double-clicking on one of the entries in the Directories and drives listbox
produces a list of the files that have been backed up from that directory or
drive. The list appears in the Files listbox and the names of any
subdirectories that contain backups will appear in the Directories and
driveslistbox. The name of the directory you have selected will appear in the
Directory is: field at the top of the window.

To return to a parent directory, double-click on the (..) symbol at the top of
the Directories and drives listbox.

If you are only looking for files that match a particular pattern you can enter
that pattern, using wildcards if necessary, in the File name: field at the top
of the window. Only files matching that pattern will be displayed in the
Fileslistbox.

Once you have found a file you want to restore, highlight it by clicking on it
with the mouse or by using the arrow keys on your keyboard and then pressing
the space bar. A file that is already highlighted may be deselected in the same
way. You may select as many files as you like in this listbox.

When you are happy with your choices select the Restore button at the bottom of
the window.

Note:  If you are using your own compression program for backing up, you can
only restore files that are described in an active rulebook.

If you have selected more than one file to restore then the Restore specific
files window will appear.


Restore Specific Files window

If you want PSnS to restore the most recent backup of each of your files
automatically to their original location, then select the Restore files
automatically checkbox. When you press OK, all the files will be restored.

If you select Prompt for details of each file restored, or if you are restoring
only a single file, the Select generation of backup to restore window will
appear.


Select Generation of Backup to Restore window

Select the generations of the file shown in the Date/Time listbox. It can be
accepted unchanged, or the name of the directory to which you want to restore
the backup can be altered. Then select OK.

To abandon the restore action, select Cancel.

This window will appear for each file you have decided to restore.

When you have finished restoring files, select OK.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 18.1.1. Deleting a File From the Backup Store ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

If you want to remove a file from the store of backups, select a file as though
you were about to restore it. Then, select Drop on the Select files from
backups window qnd the file will be deleted from the Files listbox.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 18.1.2. Restoring Groups of Files ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

To restore groups of files, select the By pattern item from the Restore
pull-down on the PSnS main menu.

The Restore files matching a pattern window allows you to restore files which
match a directory and file name pattern. You can use wildcard characters in the
file name part of the pattern, including the directory part.

Note:  If you are using your own compression program for backing up, you can
only restore those files which are described in an active rulebook.


Restore Files Matching a Pattern from Backups window

Enter a date and time in the appropriate fields. The files will be restored
from the generation of backup taken on or before this date and time.

After completing the date and time, select OK. The files will be restored to
the state they were in at the time which you specified.

To abandon the restore operation, select Cancel. You will be returned to the
PSnS main menu in either case.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 19. Recovering Data after a Fixed Disk Format ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

If you have had to reformat the disk on which PSnS has been stored, you must
reinstall the program. The control files PSnS uses to keep track of your backup
files and their original directories will also have been lost.

If your control files were backed up to a different volume, you may restore
them in the same way as you would restore other files backed up to that volume.

o Insert the original PSnS diskette and type the Install command as you did
  when initially installing PSnS.

o Select the Options button to display the list of installation options.

o Use the same directory names as before.

o Select the checkbox Recover control files

o Enter the drive letter of the disk drive where control files were stored.

o If you kept the control files on diskette, insert the diskette when prompted
  by PSnS. If the files are on more than one diskette, PSnS will ask you to
  insert any others as required.

When the control files have been recovered, you can restore any of the other
backed up files by using the By pattern item from the Restore pull-down on the
PSnS main menu. Please refer to Restoring or Deleting Data from Backup.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 20. PSnS Command Line Switches ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

PSnS can be started in a number of different ways, allowing greater flexibility
in the way it is used. The actions the program takes when it starts can be
controlled by using command line switches.

The available switches are:

/B                  PSnS will perform a backup as soon as it is started, using
                    the active rulebooks (see below).
/BL=<name>          PSnS will perform a backup as soon as it is started, using
                    the specified local rulebook (see below).
/BG=<name>          PSnS will perform a backup as soon as it is started, using
                    the specified global rulebook (see below).
/C                  When used with the /B, /BL or /BG switches, /C makes PSnS
                    back up only the files which have been changed since the
                    last back up. For example, /B /C will make PSnS back up
                    files which are covered by the active rulebooks, and which
                    have been changed since the last back up. This switch must
                    be used in conjunction with /B, /BL or /BG. Used alone, it
                    does nothing.
/I                  PSnS will start iconised.

Under OS/2 version 2.0, these switches can be set by opening the program
settings for PSnS. Enter the switches in the Parameters field.

Under all versions of OS/2, the command

start "Personally Safe'n'Sound" PSS.EXE /I
will force the program to be iconised as soon as it is started.

Of the switches above, /B requires further explanation. This switch can be used
in a number of ways. In its simplest form, /B will perform a standard backup as
soon as PSnS is started. This backs up all files which are covered by the
active rulebooks. This might be useful in a critical environment as it ensures
that you have a complete set of backed up files every time the program is run.

Using /BL=<name> or /BG=<name> performs a similar task, except that instead of
using the current active rulebooks, the program will use the rulebooks
specified by name Note that the switches only override the type of rulebook to
which they refer, so /BL=DAILY will override any active local rulebook but will
not affect the active global rulebook. Similarly /BG=ONCE will over-ride the
active global rulebook but will not affect any local rulebook.

One possible use of /BL=<name> and /BG=<name> would be to allow a daily backup
to diskette by using appropriate rulebooks in the switches, combined with
regular background backing up to hard drive during normal operations. This not
only provides greater security but also avoids repeated interruptions for the
program to backup to diskette during normal working hours.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 21. Technical Reference ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 22. Technical Overview ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This part gives you an overview of various technical aspects of PSnS such as:

o The components which make up the PSnS product
o Changes to PSnS
o The operating environment for PSnS.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 22.1. The Components of PSnS ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

PSnS is a set of programs and files. The package provided contains 5
operational programs:

o INSTALL.EXE

  This is the installation program, which is run once when you install PSnS on
  your machine.

o PSS.EXE

  This is the main PSnS program that provides all the primary user functions
  (such as defining rulebooks and initiating backup). It also provides
  interaction with the extensive help facility provided with PSnS. The help
  information itself is stored in the file MAGHELP.HLP

o PSSRECV.EXE

  A program that will download files from a host session. This is provided to
  save the user having to provide one of their own if they are in a standard
  IBM host processor and PC environment.

o PSSSEND.EXE

  A program that will upload files to a host session. This is included to save
  the user having to provide one of their own if they are in a standard IBM
  host processor/PC environment.

o BACKUP.CMD

  A REXX program to back up a batch of files to tape. This is an example
  program that uses the IBM PS/2 Internal Tape Backup Program to perform a
  backup.

o RESTORE.CMD

  A REXX program to restore a batch of files from tape. This is an example
  program that uses the IBM PS/2 Internal Tape Backup Program to perform a
  restore.

In addition to these executable files, the installation diskette (or diskettes)
will contain the following files:

o README

  This contains the latest information about PSnS, including any known problems
  with the software and the latest release information.

o DESKTOP.MPG

  A general purpose rulebook that OS/2 version 2.x users are encouraged to
  install as their active global rulebook when they first use PSnS.

o SYSTEM.MPG

  A general purpose rulebook that OS/2 version 1.x users are encouraged to
  install as their active global rulebook when they first use PSnS.

o CPROGS.MPG

  A sample rulebook that provides backup facilities for C programmers.

o SPREAD.MPG

  A sample rulebook that provides backup facilities for spreadsheet users.

o VERIFY.MPG

  The rulebook referred to in Verifying Installation.

o EXAMPLE.MPL

  The example rulebook referred to in Rulebook Configuration.

o DUMMY.FIL

  A dummy file used in Restoring or Deleting Data from Backup. This can be
  deleted from your fixed disk when you are sure the program has been
  successfully installed.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 22.2. Automatic Installation ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The PSnS installation program

o Detects the version of OS/2 being used

o Installs the corresponding version of PSnS.

The 16-bit version of the code (for OS/2 v1.2 and 1.3) is in the OS2
subdirectory on the installation diskette.

The 32-bit version of the code (for OS/2 v2) is in the OS22 subdirectory on the
installation diskette.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 22.3. Changes to PSnS ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The file README on the INSTALL diskette, contains details of any recent changes
to PSnS that may have been made.

You may read it by using any editor program such as OS/2 E.EXE.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 22.4. Operating Environment - Hardware and Software Requirements ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 22.4.1. Which Computers to Use ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

To use PSnS you require one of these computers:

o IBM Personal System/2* with an 80286, or higher, processor
o IBM PC-AT* or PC-XT* 286.
o Any PC compatible with the above


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 22.4.2. Possible Backup Devices ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

PSnS allows you to choose where backups are stored. Files can be backed up to:

o Diskettes
o Fixed disks
o A host computer
o A central server on a LAN
o An optical disk
o A tape drive


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 22.4.3. Memory and Disk Requirements ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 22.4.3.1. Main Memory Usage ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

PSnS will use approximately 400KB of memory when running under OS/2.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 22.4.3.2. Fixed Disk Usage ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

PSnS occupies about 400KB of Fixed disk space.

This disk space is required for:

o The main control file with an overhead for each file and directory.

o The installation of PSnS

o Backup copies.

As a guide, a control file for two generations of 100 unique files from one
directory requires about 6KB.

The main control file is held on disk in 2KB blocks, plus 768 bytes. Each 2KB
block is used to hold data for the generations of backed up files that are
stored. This amounts to 65 bytes for the first two generations of each file,
plus 8 bytes for each additional generation.

If the 2KB block becomes full, another 2KB block is created with the data
divided between the two blocks.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 22.4.4. Network or Host System Attachment ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

PSnS may be used in a Local Area Network (LAN) or attached to a host computer.
Three options are available:

o Local Area Network rulebooks may be stored on remote disks or other devices.
  PSnS may be used in this way on all LANs that are supported by DOS or OS/2
  for remote server functions.

o IBM mainframe host attachment If you are using a mainframe host, the hardware
  and software requirements are the same as those for IBM's Enhanced
  Connectivity Facility (ECF), as the host is supported through ECF. Access to
  the host may be provided over any of the LANs mentioned in this section.

o IBM Applications System/400 (AS/400)* family host attachment c.

   - IBM AS/400

   - IBM System/38* These hosts are supported using Personal Computer Support.

PCs can be connected over an IBM Token-Ring LAN, or over remote communications
lines, if used. The PC hardware requirements are the same as those for the PC
Support you are using and the requirements for PSnS must also be met.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 22.4.5. Software Requirements ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

PSnS operates under IBM OS/2 Version 1.2 and above.

LANs are supported by the IBM Personal Computer* LAN Program, or other LAN
sharing programs that provide transparent access from an application in one
Personal Computer to a disk on another Personal Computer.

Note:  Since PSnS uses advanced features of the OS/2 Presentation Manager*, it
will not run under version 1.0 or 1.1 of OS/2.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 23. Using PSnS on a Network ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A local area network (LAN) allows people using PCs to share programs, data, and
devices such as printers. There are ways of using the properties of a LAN to
backup effectively.

The following sections give some advice on how to use PSnS in different LAN
situations.

If you are responsible for a network of computers, you can use PSnS to
implement general standards for backing up files over a network and allow users
some personal control over the files they want to back up.

Information is given about using PSnS as a:

o Single user on a LAN
o Administrator of a group of users on a LAN.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 23.1. Single LAN User ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

If you are using your own copy of PSnS on a LAN, save backup copies of your
files to disks on the LAN server. LAN servers are less likely to suffer from
problems that affect local machines and have larger fixed disks than your own
computer.

Install PSnS on your own computer in the same way as described for single
machines. To store your backup copies on LAN disks, the to drive: field in the
rulebooks should use the drive letters assigned to the disks by OS/2.

Note:  Only backup your files to LAN disks to which you have exclusive access.
Otherwise other users of PSnS may overwrite your own backup files.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 23.2. Administrator of a Group of Users on a LAN ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

If you are system administrator responsible for allocating LAN disk space for a
group of LAN users, follow this procedure to make the best use of the disk
space.

You must install PSnS on every workstation on which it is going to be used. You
can also install PSnS on the LAN server in the same way as described for a
single computer.

To allow the LAN users to use LAN disk space for their backup files, allocate
to each of them a separate directory on a LAN disk. Each directory should have
exclusive write access; this will make sure each person's backup files are
protected from other LAN users.

Create a global rulebook which is to be used by everybody on the LAN.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 23.3. Defining a Common Global Rulebook ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

If you are responsible for installing PSnS on many computers, you may wish to
impose common standards for backup procedures. For example, if everyone in your
group uses a spreadsheet, you will want to keep backups of all their
spreadsheet files.

You can ensure these files will be backed up by installing PSnS on all
computers in your group and making each use the same global rulebook.

o Install PSnS on your computer as described in Installing PSnS of the User's
  Guide. Initially, you can use any rulebook.

o Design the rulebook for everyone to use. You should make this your global
  rulebook. Rulebook Configurationexplains how to do this. Note that using very
  general inclusion or exclusion rules (like *.*  C or C:*.* [None]) will
  prevent individual users of the LAN from customising the system, using their
  own local rulebooks.

o Once you have completed designing your rulebook, exit PSnS and check that the
  file <rulebook>.MPG is in your C:\PSS\SYSDATA directory (or the equivalent
  directory if you are storing your PSnS program somewhere other than
  C:\PSS\CODE).

o Copy the rulebook to a directory called \PSS\SYSDATA on the LAN, which every
  user can get read-only access to.

o When users install PSnS on their machines, they should choose to install a
  default rulebook, but then make the rulebook you have created their active
  global rulebook (Rulebook Configuration explains how this is done).

As an alternative to this, once you have created your global rulebook you can:

o Take your group installation diskette and make sure it is not write
  protected.

o Type COPY C:\PSS\SYSDATA\<rulebook>.MPG A:\SAMPLE to copy your rulebook on to
  the installation diskette.

o Now make sure everyone knows that they should type A:\INSTALL <rulebook> to
  install PSnS with your rulebook as the common global rulebook.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 24. Troubleshooting ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 24.1. What to Do If PSnS Does Not Run Correctly ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 24.1.1. If the PSnS Main Menu Window Does Not Appear ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Go into a full-screen OS/2 session and type the command

DIR C:\PSS\CODE

Note:  If you have installed PSnS in another directory you should list the
files in that directory.

The following files should be listed (plus some others):

PSS.EXE
MAGHELP.HLP

If any of these files are missing, you should reinstall PSnS immediately, and
try to run it again.

If you have all of these files, run the program by typing

start "Personally Safe'n'Sound" C:\PSS\CODE\PSS.EXE
If it still does not work, check that you have the correct release of OS/2
(PSnS only works with version 1.2 and above).

Finally, try reinstalling PSnS, and if this still does not solve the problem,
refer back to your supplier.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 24.1.2. If Backups Are Not Taking Place ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

When you first install PSnS and set it to back up automatically, you might find
that automatic backup never takes place. If you are running in timed mode, the
main menu may display the message Next disk check in 0 minutes, but never
actually check the disk. This is due to a problem that OS/2 has with some OS/2
system monitors and DOS applications.

To get around the problem you should select the Priorities option from the
Setup pull-down on the PSnS main menu The Set Priorities for PSnS Threads
window will appear.


The Set Priorities for PSnS Threads Window

This window allows you to change the priorities of the threads that PSnS uses
to scan your disks and perform backups.

The 2 modes available are High priority and Normal Priority.

High priority means that OS/2 will try to give that thread a set proportion of
the system's time, so the backup or disk scan will run and a regular rate,
regardless of other programs you may be running. This can be disruptive if you
are using another application while PSnS is working.

To get around this problem, PSnS usually works at normal priority, which means
that it will operate only when nothing else is happening on your machine. This
is usually the best mode to operate in, as OS/2 will let PSnS work in between
your key or mouse presses, or after an application has finished a particular
calculation. However, if you are using an application that works continuously
(like a system monitor, or a DOS communications program), then PSnS might never
be given the opportunity to perform a disk scan, or back up. In this case you
should select high priority for the threads affected.

Once you have chosen the priorities you require, select OK. You will be asked
to allow PSnS to shut down, and then restart it for the changes to take effect.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 24.1.3. If PSnS Does Not Work Correctly on a LAN ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Ensure that your rulebooks and control file destinations are defined
consistently (for instance, it is a good idea to store your backups and the
control files on the same drive).

Make sure you are logged on to the LAN whenever PSnS is running. Problems could
arise if a rulebook specifies either searching or backing up to a LAN disk when
you are disconnected from the network.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 24.2. Error Messages ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The following lists and describes error messages produced by PSnS.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 24.2.1. Installation ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

PSS0301E  Storage could not be allocated - no memory was available.

          Explanation: The is insufficient free memory on your machine to run
          the installation program.

          User Response: Stop some applications, or try restarting your
          machine.

PSS0302E  A string could not read from the NLS resource file.

          Explanation: The installation program on your diskette is corrupted.

          User Response: Refer to your dealer for a replacement installation
          diskette.

PSS0303E  The NLS resource file has not been loaded.

          Explanation: The installation program on your diskette is corrupted.

          User Response: Refer to your dealer for a replacement installation
          diskette.

PSS0304E  The message could not be displayed.

          Explanation: The installation program on your diskette is corrupted.

          User Response: Refer to your dealer for a replacement installation
          diskette.

PSS0306E  Could not create the PM message queue.

          Explanation: This may be caused by having insufficient free memory on
          your machine to run the installation program.

          User Response: Stop some applications, or try restarting your
          machine.

PSS0307E  The National Language resource file could not be loaded.

          Explanation: The installation program on your diskette is corrupted.

          User Response: Refer to your dealer for a replacement installation
          diskette.

PSS0308E  The application main window could not be created.

          Explanation: The installation program on your diskette is corrupted.

          User Response: Refer to your dealer for a replacement installation
          diskette.

PSS0309E  The application help instance could not be created.

          Explanation: The installation program on your diskette is corrupted.

          User Response: Refer to your dealer for a replacement installation
          diskette.

PSS0310E  The application could not be added to the system task list.

          Explanation: This may be caused by having insufficient free memory on
          your machine to run the installation program.

          User Response: Stop some applications, or try restarting your
          machine.

PSS0311E  The application window class could not be registered.

          Explanation: This may be caused by having insufficient free memory on
          your machine to run the installation program.

          User Response: Stop some applications, or try restarting your
          machine.

PSS0312E  Application help was terminated due to a Help Manager error.

          Explanation: The installation program on your diskette is corrupted.

          User Response: Refer to your dealer for a replacement installation
          diskette.

PSS0313E  An application help error occurred.

          Explanation: The installation program on your diskette is corrupted.

          User Response: Refer to your dealer for a replacement installation
          diskette.

PSS0314E  The application service thread could not be started.

          Explanation: This may be caused by having insufficient free memory on
          your machine to run the installation program.

          User Response: Stop some applications, or try restarting your
          machine.

PSS0315E  The service thread message queue could not be created.

          Explanation: This may be caused by having insufficient free memory on
          your machine to run the installation program.

          User Response: Stop some applications, or try restarting your
          machine.

PSS0316E  The service thread application window class could not be registered.

          Explanation: This may be caused by having insufficient free memory on
          your machine to run the installation program.

          User Response: Stop some applications, or try restarting your
          machine.

PSS0317E  The service thread object window could not be created.

          Explanation: This may be caused by having insufficient free memory on
          your machine to run the installation program.

          User Response: Stop some applications, or try restarting your
          machine.

PSS0318E  The service thread terminated abnormally.

          Explanation: This may be caused by having insufficient free memory on
          your machine to run the installation program.

          User Response: Stop some applications, or try restarting your
          machine.

PSS0319E  The maximum file path length could not be retrieved.

          Explanation: The installation program could not find out from OS/2
          what path length is used by the operating. This is probably due to
          problems with your Operating System.

          User Response: Reinstall OS/2 or refer to IBM or your dealer for
          help.

PSS0320E  PSnS is not installed and you selected not to install the main
          program. This is not valid.

          Explanation: When you install PSnS, you must install the main
          program.

          User Response: Select the Install main program checkbox.

PSS0321E  The path specified for code is not valid. It must be of the form
          d:\[dir[\dir...]].

          Explanation: You have entered a path that cannot be used by OS/2.

          User Response: Enter a path in the required form. For example
          C:\PSS\CODE.

PSS0322E  The path specified for help is not valid. It must be of the form
          d:\[dir[\dir...]].

          Explanation: You have entered a path that cannot be used by OS/2.

          User Response: Enter a path in the required form. For example
          C:\OS2\HELP.

PSS0323E  The path specified for control files is not valid. It must be of the
          form d:\[dir[\dir...]].

          Explanation: You have entered a path that cannot be used by OS/2.

          User Response: Enter a path in the required form. For example
          C:\PSS\SYSDATA.

PSS0324E  The path specified for user backup files is not valid. It must be of
          the form \[dir[\dir...]].

          Explanation: You have entered a path that cannot be used by OS/2.

          User Response: Enter a path in the required form. For example
          \PSSBKP\USER.

PSS0325E  The path specified for system backup files is not valid. It must be
          of the form \[dir[\dir...]].

          Explanation: You have entered a path that cannot be used by OS/2.

          User Response: Enter a path in the required form. For example
          \PSSBKP\SYSTEM.

PSS0326E  The path specified for the PSnS profile is not valid. It must be of
          the form d:\[dir[\dir...]].

          Explanation: You have entered a path that cannot be used by OS/2.

          User Response: Enter a path in the required form. For example
          C:\PSS\SYSDATA.

PSS0327E  The path specified for temporary files is not valid. If specified, it
          must be of the form d:\[dir[\dir...]].

          Explanation: You have entered a path that cannot be used by OS/2.

          User Response: Enter a path in the required form. For example D:\.

PSS0328E  The installation program could not copy a file from the installation
          diskette.

          Explanation: Your installation diskette is corrupted.

          User Response: Refer to your dealer for a replacement installation
          diskette.

PSS0330E  The program to add PSnS to the startup folder could not be executed.

          Explanation: This may be caused by having insufficient free memory on
          your machine to run the installation program.

          User Response: Stop some applications, or try restarting your
          machine.

PSS0331E  Personally Safe'n'Sound could not be added to the startup folder.

          Explanation: This is probably because you have insufficient space on
          the disk on which you have installed the OS/2 desktop.

          User Response: Clear some space on the disk.

PSS0332E  The installation program could not make a backup copy of a system
          file.

          Explanation: This is because you have insufficient space on the the
          disk on which you have installed OS/2

          User Response: Clear some space on the disk.

PSS0333E  The installation program could not write to the system startup file.

          Explanation: This is because you have insufficient space on the the
          disk on which you have installed OS/2

          User Response: Clear some space on the disk.

PSS0334E  The installation program could not read the system startup file.

          Explanation: This may be caused by having insufficient free memory on
          your machine.

          User Response: Stop some applications, or try restarting your
          machine.

PSS0335E  The installation program could not write to the system configuration
          file.

          Explanation: This is because you have insufficient space on the the
          disk on which you have installed OS/2

          User Response: Clear some space on the disk.

PSS0336E  The installation program could not read the system configuration
          file.

          Explanation: This may be caused by having insufficient free memory on
          your machine.

          User Response: Stop some applications, or try restarting your
          machine.

PSS0337E  The installation program could not make a backup copy of the system
          configuration file.

          Explanation: This is because you have insufficient space on the the
          disk on which you have installed OS/2

          User Response: Clear some space on the disk.

PSS0338E  An error occurred creating the destination directory.

          Explanation: This is because you have insufficient space on the the
          disk on which you are installting PSnS.

          User Response: Clear some space on the disk.

PSS0339E  An error occurred creating the destination directory - a file exists
          with the same name.

          Explanation: The required directory could not be created because a
          file exists with the same name.

          User Response: Delete or rename the file, and reinstall.

PSS0341E  The recover path specified is invalid. It must be of the form
          d:\[dir[\dir...]].

          Explanation: You have entered a path that cannot be used by OS/2.

          User Response: Enter a path in the required form. For example A:\.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 24.2.2. Run-Time Errors ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

PSS0100E  A fatal error has occurred: cause is xxx The program is shutting down

          Explanation: PSnS has encountered an error from which it cannot
          recover.

          User Response: Restart PSnS.

PSS0101E  The PSnS profile has been destroyed. You should reinstall the product
          before continuing.

          Explanation: The PSnS profile contains information that PSnS uses
          while it is running. If this profile is destroyed, the program must
          be reinstalled before it can operate correctly.

          User Response: Follow the instructions for removing PSnS in the
          Technical Reference. Then reinstall the program.

PSS0102E  There has been a disk full error.

          Explanation: The disk you are backing up files to, the disk you are
          storing the PSnS control files on, or possibly the disk you are
          backing up from may be full.

          User Response: Clear some disk space to allow PSnS to operate
          properly.

PSS0103E  A valid backup command and restore command must be entered for
          non-OS/2-supported drives (use Full to see commands).

          Explanation: You have used a backup or restore command that is not
          valid, or is not in your current path.

          User Response: If the backup and restore commands are not visible,
          press the 'full' button to display them. Then type in the correct
          commands (see Specifying Drive Configurations for more details).

PSS0104E  The password you entered does not match that of the currently active
          global rulebook.

          Explanation: A global rulebook has a password which is defined by the
          person who created it.

          User Response: If you need to change the global rulebook, refer to
          the person who wrote it.

PSS0105E  Invalid drive and directory specified; the path you enter must exist,
          and be written out in full.

          Explanation: You have tried to use a non-existent drive or directory.

          User Response: Enter a valid drive and directory.

PSS0106E  The drive letter must be a letter of the alphabet.

          Explanation: Disk drives can only be referenced by the letters A to
          Z.

          User Response: Enter a valid drive letter.

PSS0107E  The 'kilobytes free' must be a number greater than one hundred.

          Explanation: PSnS needs to have at least 100KB free on a removable
          volume before it can use it effectively.

          User Response: Find a removable volume with more than 100KB free.

PSS0108E  The pattern which you have given is invalid.

          Explanation: A pattern you have entered either contains invalid
          characters, or has an incorrect directory structure.

          User Response: See Specifying Patterns for File and Directory
          Matching for a full description of how to create patterns.

PSS0109E  The date is invalid. It must be specified in the country date format
          you are using.

          Explanation: PSnS only accepts dates in the format that is commonly
          used in its country of origin.

          User Response: Enter the date in the correct date format.

PSS0110E  Drive xxx is not known. You should type details on the drive table.

          Explanation: You have referred to a drive that you have not yet
          defined to PSnS.

          User Response: See Specifying Drive Configurations for how to set up
          a non-system supported drive.

PSS0111E  There is no file fitting the description you typed.

          Explanation: PSnS has failed to find the file, or files you
          specified.

          User Response: Check that you are using the correct pattern or file
          definition (see Specifying Patterns for File and Directory Matching
          for a full description of how to create patterns).

PSS0112E  You must have an active global rulebook before you can leave the
          rulebook list screen.

          Explanation: PSnS cannot operate without an active global rulebook.

          User Response: Make a global rulebook active by selecting it in the
          rulebooks listbox, and pressing the Use item in the Rulebooks
          pull-down menu.

PSS0113E  There is no active global rulebook. Use the Setup action on the PSnS
          main panel to create one.

          Explanation: PSnS cannot operate without an active global rulebook.

          User Response: Create one before continuing to use the program.

PSS0114E  A problem occurred backing up the current file to drive xxx.

          Explanation: PSnS has detected an error with the drive.

          User Response: Check that the drive is operating correctly and retry
          the operation.

PSS0115E  You must specify a OS/2-supported system backup drive.

          Explanation: The system files PSnS uses must be stored on a drive
          that is supported by OS/2.

          User Response: Change your selected system backup drive to one that
          is supported by OS/2 (for example your C drive).

PSS0116E  The add has failed.  Please retry with another volume.

          Explanation: PSnS has been unable to add a new removable volume.

          User Response: Find another removable volume to use and retry the
          operation.

PSS0117E  Backup destination drive invalid; the A drive taken as the default.

          Explanation: You have tried to specify an invalid drive for backups.
          PSnS has taken the default drive.

          User Response: If you do not want files backed up to the A drive,
          then choose your required destination.

PSS0118E  There is not enough free space for backup on volumes for drive xxx.
          Select OK to add another volume.

          Explanation: The current removable volume is full.

          User Response: Select OK and add another removable volume.

PSS0119E  The path entered is invalid.  Please try again.

          Explanation: The path you have entered either contains invalid
          characters or is in the wrong format.

          User Response: Enter a valid path. See Specifying Patterns for File
          and Directory Matching for a full description of how to create
          patterns).

PSS0120E  There is not enough memory to do this action.

          Explanation: PSnS needs more memory to carry out your request.

          User Response: See Operating Environment - Hardware and Software
          Requirements for details of the program's memory requirements.

PSS0121E  This name is not allowed because a rulebook of this name already
          exists.

          Explanation: All rulebook names must be unique.

          User Response: Use a different name when creating or copying this
          rulebook.

PSS0122E  The time specified was invalid. It should be hh:mm, in 24 hour form.

          Explanation: PSnS only accepts times in this form.

          User Response: Enter a time as suggested.

PSS0123E  The name specified is an invalid name

          Explanation: PSnS does not recognise the name you have used.

          User Response: Retry the operation using a valid name.

PSS0124E  There is not enough disk space on the drive with \PSS\SYSDATA to
          continue.

          Explanation: PSnS has run out of disk space while updating its
          control files. It has halted execution instead because there is a
          risk of backup information being corrupted.

          User Response: Clear some disk space before continuing.

PSS0125E  The compress command xxx gave an error when used.

          Explanation: The compression program you have supplied has failed to
          work correctly.

          User Response: Check that you are using the compress command
          correctly, or back up using the in-built compression. Back up without
          compression if you continue to have problems.

PSS0126E  The copy command for disk xxx gave an error when used.

          Explanation: The copy command that you have supplied has failed to
          work correctly.

          User Response: Check that you are using the copy command correctly.

PSS0127E  Disk xxx gave an error; it may be full or write-protected. Please
          correct this before continuing.

          Explanation: PSnS has tried to use the disk and failed.

          User Response: Check the disk. If there seems to be nothing wrong
          with it, try continuing anyway - it may have been an operating system
          error.

PSS0128E  Backup is already in progress.

          Explanation: You have tried to start a manual backup while PSnS is
          backing up automatically.

          User Response: Wait for PSnS to finish backing up before continuing
          with the manual backup.

PSS0129E  The file cannot be restored because there is no rulebook entry for
          it.

          Explanation: Files cannot be restored if they do not match any of the
          rules in the active rulebooks.

          User Response: If you want to restore this file, add a temporary rule
          to your active local rulebook that specifies where it should have
          come from. Then attempt to restore it again.

PSS0131E  The minimum update count was invalid; it must be from 1 to 99.

          Explanation: PSnS will only accept trigger levels in the range 1 to
          99.

          User Response: Change the value in the trigger level field so it is
          within range.

PSS0132E  The number of backup generations was invalid; it must be from 1 to
          99.

          Explanation: PSnS will only keep between 1 and 99 generations of
          backup.

          User Response: Change the value in the backup generations field so it
          is within range.

PSS0134E  There was an error from the internal compress function: reason code
          is xxx

          Explanation: The compression function has reported an error.

          User Response: Check that you have space on your backup disk. If the
          error remains, try to back up without compression.

PSS0135E  Integrity error found in control file xxx. You must recover this file
          from the control file backups, and restart PSnS.

          Explanation: One of the control files PSnS uses to record information
          about files it has backed up has been damaged. Using it could cause
          problems with either backing up or restoring files.

          User Response: Restore the named control file and restart PSnS.

PSS0136E

          Explanation: Reserved

PSS0137E  Backup of this file is cancelled because there was not enough space
          on drive C for a temporary file.

          Explanation: PSnS has attempted to compress and backup a file to a
          drive that is not system-supported and has not found sufficient space
          to perform the initial compression.

          User Response: Clear some disk space before continuing.

PSS0138E  PSnS cannot check the space free on a non-OS/2-supported drive. You
          must enter free space yourself.

          Explanation: PSnS cannot access non-OS/2-supported drives, so you
          must tell it how much free space is available.

          User Response: Find out how much space is free on the drive and tell
          PSnS that number.

PSS0139E  The help file xxx cannot be found, so it cannot be loaded.

          Explanation: The help panels that are supplied with PSnS have been
          damaged in some way or deleted.

          User Response: Refer to the relevant section of this manual for the
          information, or reinstall PSnS.

PSS0140E  You do not have an active global rulebook. You will now be placed in
          the Rulebook List screen, where you must create one.

          Explanation: PSnS cannot operate without an active global rulebook.

          User Response: Create a rulebook and make sure it is active before
          leaving the List of Rulebooks panel.

PSS0141E  This directory has subdirectories with backups in them. You must Drop
          the subdirectories before you can drop this directory.

          Explanation: PSnS will not allow you to drop a directory for
          restoring purposes unless you drop all the subdirectories within it.

          User Response: Drop the subdirectories, and then drop the main
          directory.

PSS0142E  A problem occurred during backup; OS/2 returned the message "xxx".

          Explanation: There has been an error in communication between PSnS
          and OS/2.

          User Response: Retry the operation.

PSS0143E  Backup of this file to drive xxx could not take place, because no
          backup volume was made available.

          Explanation: PSnS has been unable to backup files to a drive because
          no diskettes were made available.

          User Response: Prepare some removable volumes now to be ready for
          future backups

PSS0144E  You cannot restore this file because the target file exists and is
          read-only.

          Explanation: PSnS cannot over-write files which have the 'read-only'
          attribute set.

          User Response: If you want to restore the file, either delete the
          file or change its attribute so it is not read-only.

PSS0145E  Backup failed because a temporary file could not be opened - check
          your disk and try again.

          Explanation: During backup PSnS creates a number of temporary files.
          It has failed to open one, possibly because the disk is full.

          User Response: Check your C drive before continuing.

PSS0146E  Backup cannot take place because files are being checked. Please try
          again when the checking has finished.

          Explanation: PSnS carries out its disk checking in the background,
          but while it is doing its checking it will not allow the user to take
          a backup.

          User Response: Wait until PSnS has stopped checking files, and then
          do your backup.

PSS0147E  Backup of files spotted cannot take place because another backup is
          already in progress.

          Explanation: PSnS cannot carry out two backups at the same time.

          User Response: Wait until the backup has finished, and then perform
          your backup if it is still needed.

PSS0148E  You cannot delete your active global rulebook. Press OK to continue.

          Explanation: PSnS will not allow you to delete the active global
          rulebook.

          User Response: None

PSS0149E  You cannot make an empty rulebook active. Add some rules to this
          rulebook, or use a different rulebook.

          Explanation: PSnS will not allow you to use an empty rulebook.

          User Response: Add some rules to the selected rulebook by selecting
          the Edit option from the Rulebooks pull-down menu.

PSS0150E  The file you are trying to restore cannot be found, so it has not
          been restored.

          Explanation: PSnS has been unable to find a backed up file (probably
          because it has been deleted).

          User Response: Check that the backup drive is working correctly, and
          that PSnS can access it.

PSS0151E  The file you are trying to restore cannot be restored due to a
          problem with the target drive.

          Explanation: PSnS has tried to restore a file, but it has encountered
          a problem with the drive that it is trying to restore to.

          User Response: Check that the target drive is not full, and that PSnS
          can access it.

PSS0152E  Attempted restore using built-in compression method failed.

          Explanation: PSnS has tried to restore a file, but it has encountered
          a problem with its internal compression method.

          User Response: Check that the drive you a trying to restore to is not
          full, and that PSnS can access it.

PSS0153E  Attempted restore using your compression program failed.

          Explanation: PSnS has failed to restore a file using a compression
          program that you supplied it with.

          User Response: Check that you have correctly defined the
          uncompression command in the Edit Rules panel.

PSS0154E  Attempted restore failed - check your backup files, and your
          hard-disk.

          Explanation: PSnS has failed to restore a file due to a problem with
          either the source or the target drive.

          User Response: Check the drive that you are trying to restore from,
          and the drive you are trying to restore to.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 24.2.3. Informational Messages ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

PSS0200I  An empty global rulebook called 12345678 has been created for you.

PSS0201I  Format cannot take place because drive is in use. Try again later.

PSS0202I  Backup for this file will be delayed because the drive is in use.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 25. Appendixes ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 26. Removing PSnS ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

To remove PSnS from your computer, do the following:

o Terminate the main, active part of PSnS by selecting the Exit option from the
  Backup pull-down on the PSnS main menu window. PSnS can still be restarted,
  either directly or automatically after the computer is rebooted.

o Using OS/2 v2.x, open the Startup Folder and delete the PSnS object by either
  dragging it over to the Shredder object and dropping it there, or by clicking
  it with your right mouse button and selecting Delete from the drop down menu.

o Using OS/2 v1.2 or v1.3, remove the extra lines in the STARTUP.CMD file.
  Alternatively, you can erase STARTUP.CMD and rename STARTUP.PSS as
  STARTUP.CMD. (Take the second alternative only if you asked PSnS to change
  STARTUP.CMD when you installed it).

o Delete all the PSnS files and directories. These will be called \PSS\CODE and
  \PSS\SYSDATA if you used the defaults during installation. Backed up files
  will be stored in the directories \PSSBKP\USER and \PSSBKP\SYSTEM.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 27. Specifying Patterns for File and Directory Matching ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

"Patterns" are fundamental to PSnS. They are much used to identify compactly
groups of files on which you want to perform some action. Examples include: c.

o Rules in rulebooks

o Backing up groups of files manually

o Restoring groups of files

All OS/2 files are identified by:

drive:\...path...\name.ext

where:

drive     Is the drive letter of the drive where the directories may be found

path      Represents all the directories and subdirectories

name      Is the file name

ext       Is the optional three-letter file extension

For instance, a file called FRED.A in the directory DOC of drive C can be
completely identified by:

C:\DOC\FRED.A

To specify groups of files or directories you can use the special wildcard
characters which you may know from their use in OS/2 commands such as DIR.

PSnS uses the following wildcard characters:

?   Represents any single character in this position in the pattern

*   Represents any number of characters (including none) in this position in
    the pattern.

You may put any combination of wildcards in a pattern, but there is no point in
putting two stars next to each other, as in a**b, because the second one will
be ignored, as a*b means the same thing.

You can also use wildcards in a directory path, but in this case there is an
important additional rule to remember: Anything after the last backslash in a
pattern refers to the filename of the file, and anything before the last
backslash refers to its drive and path.

In addition to wildcards, there are other ways of specifying patterns. If you
omit "drive:", all drives will be included; if you omit "\...path...\", all
directories and subdirectories will be included. If you omit ".ext", then files
with any file extension will be included.

Some examples of patterns are:

aa?bb          Includes aa3bb and aacbb, but not aaccbb.

aa*bb*         Includes all of the above examples and aa32bbcd.

*.*            Includes all files on every drive; as would *:*.*. However, *.
               would only match files which had no extensions.

c:\x           Includes all files called X, with any extension in the root
               directory of the C drive.

c:x.           Includes all files called X, with no extension, in any directory
               of the C drive.

c:\user\*.*    Includes all files in the directory C:\USER\

c:\user\*\*.*  Includes all files in all subdirectories of the directory
               C:\USER.

jim*\*         Includes all files with any extension, in any subdirectory
               within a directory which has a name starting with jim, on any
               drive. It will include: C:\JIM\FILE.SYS, because the * after jim
               can match zero characters. C:\JIMBO\AND\UNCLE.BOB, because the *
               after jim catches any number of characters. However *jim* will
               also include C:\COUSIN\JIM\AND\UNCLE.BOB, because the * before
               jim matches anything too.

Note:  A colon is a special case because it will only be recognised when it is
the second character of a specification. For example, c?xyz will include c3xyz
but not c:xyz. The last backslash is also a special case. Any characters after
the last backslash are assumed to refer only to the file name and extension. If
there are no backslashes, all the characters refer only to the file name and
extension - all drives and paths are checked in this case.

You should use patterns with great care because, if they are too vague, you
might include a great many files you do not need. Especially avoid * on its
own. Make sure you have specified only the files you need and no more.

You can only use the wildcard characters * and ? in directories when specifying
patterns in rulebooks. If you do use a pattern where it is not allowed, you
will see a message telling you that the pattern supplied is invalid.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 28. Glossary ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 28.1. A ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

action    A defined task that is performed by an application to modify or
          manipulate the properties of a file or data.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 28.2. B ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

backup

    1. A copy of a file stored in case the original file is lost or damaged.

boot, or boot-up To start (the computer or system) either by switching it on,
          or by using Ctrl-Alt-Delete.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 28.3. C ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Cancel    A standard button that abandons any changes which have not been
          confirmed (by the OK button: see OK) and returns to the previous
          window.

Checkbox  A square box with associated text that represents a choice.  When the
          user selects the choice, an "X" (or a / under OS/2 Version 2) appears
          in the checkbox to indicate that the choice is selected.  The user
          can clear the checkbox by selecting the choice again, thereby
          cancelling selection (compare radio button).

checkmark The symbol / that indicates a settings choice is active.

click     To press and release the mouse button (the left-hand button, if there
          is more than one), without moving the mouse pointer from the
          selection.

command line The line of a screen in DOS or OS/2 on which a command or data is
          entered. The command line often begins with a prompt, such as C:\ to
          indicate the drive and path currently being used.

compress  To reduce the size of file so the same amount of data takes up less
          storage space. PSnS automatically compresses backups using its own
          compress program, unless otherwise informed in the rulebook.
          Compressed files must be uncompressed before the original file can be
          used again.

CONFIG.SYS A special DOS and OS/2 file that contains details of system
          configurations to be set up when the system is booted.

control files Special PSnS files used to store information describing the files
          which have been backed-up and the locations of the backup copies.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 28.4. D ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

default   The assumed input to be used if no other input is given.

directory A named group of files and/or sub-groups (subdirectories) used in DOS
          and OS/2.

DOS       IBM's Disk Operating System. An operating environment used on IBM
          Personal Computers.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 28.5. E ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

ECF (Enhanced Connectivity Facility) An IBM product which provides for resource
          sharing and data exchange between IBM Personal Computers and IBM
          System/370* computers.

Enter     A command that submits information to the computer for processing.

entry field A field on a window that PSnS displays with text or data, which may
          be changed or entered again by the user.

Exit

    1. The action that closes PSnS and all windows associated with it.

    2. To leave or close-down any application.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 28.6. F ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

field     An identifiable area in a window, for example an entry field into
          which a user can type text, or a field of radio buttons from which a
          user can select one choice in the field.

file      A unit of data, used by applications and DOS or OS/2 or other
          operating system.

Format (a disk) To erase a disk completely and prepare it for new data.

Full backup A backup of all the files in a specific group, regardless of
          whether they have been altered since the last backup was taken.
          (compare incremental backup)


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 28.7. G ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

generation One version of a backup copy of a file. If there is more than  one
          generation, the most recent version is the first generation, the
          second-most recent is the second generation, and so on. When the
          number of generations of a file exceeds the maximum specified, the
          oldest generation is lost.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 28.8. H ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Help      A standard action and button; present on every PSnS window, that
          provides information about the current window, the actions available
          and general information about the application. Can also be activated
          using the <F1> key.

host      A larger computer to which one or more smaller computers are
          connected, so they can use the resources of the larger computer.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 28.9. I ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

incremental backup A backup of files which have been altered since the previous
          backup. (compare Full backup)

initial value Information in an entry field that PSnS fills in when a window is
          first used.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 28.10. K ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

kilobyte (KB) 1024 bytes of data.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 28.11. L ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Local Area Network (LAN) A standard IBM method of connecting small computers in
          a network.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 28.12. M ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

menu      A list of choices that can be applied to an object.  A menu can
          contain choices that are not available for selection in certain
          contexts.  These choices are indicated by reduced contrast.

menu bar  The area at the top of a window which contains routing choices that
          provide access to pull-down menus.  There are menu bars in the PSnS
          main menu and the List of Rulebooks windows.

mouse button A switch on a mouse used to select choices or start actions.

mouse pointer The symbol displayed on the screen, moved by the mouse, to show
          where the next click will have effect.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 28.13. O ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

OK        A common action or button used to confirm the information displayed
          on the current window; including any changes made, and to return to
          the previous window in the hierarchy.

OS/2      IBM's Operating System/2.* An operating system used to provide the
          operating environment on IBM Personal System/2 computers.

optical disk A storage device in which data are stored on a disk as a sequence
          of tiny pits which are created or read by a very small laser beam.

overwrite To write data at the same place on a storage device as data already
          there, so erasing the original data. For example, if a file is
          created which has the same drive, path and file name specifiers as a
          previously existing file, and it is written on a disk drive, the file
          originally stored under that name will be replaced.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 28.14. P ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

panel     an entire screenful of information.

parent    The directory which contains the current directory as a subdirectory.
          Denoted by ...

path      A sequence of directories which DOS or OS/2 will automatically search
          through if a called program is not found on the current directory.

pointer   A visible cue, usually in the shape of an arrow, that a user can move
          with a pointing device.  Users place the pointer over the object they
          want to work with.

pull-down menu A menu that extends from a selected choice on a menu bar or from
          the system-menu symbol.  The choices in a pull-down menu are related
          to one another in some manner.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 28.15. R ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

radio button A circle with text beside it.  Radio buttons are combined to show
          a user a fixed set of choices from which the user can select one.
          The circle becomes partially filled when a choice has been selected
          (compare checkbox).

read-only access Access to a storage device in which the computer can only read
          data from the device and not write data to the device. See write
          access.

removable volume A volume which can be used to store backups, but which is
          interchangeable with other volumes in a particular drive. For
          example, there will be several diskettes available for backups in a
          diskette drive. PSnS must be told if a drive uses removable volumes
          so that it can prompt the user to ensure the correct one is in the
          drive before it writes or reads backup files on it.

rulebook  A special PSnS file that describes which sets of files are to be
          backed-up and where the backup copies are stored. There are two types
          of rulebooks: local and global. A global rulebook can be shared by
          many computers on a network, to provide a way of ensuring a
          particular standard of backup and to provide a common rulebook for
          backups to a central computer. A local rulebook, however, applies
          only to the computer on which PSnS is installed.

root      The directory on a drive which contains all other subdirectories.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 28.16. S ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

select    To mark or choose an item or action on a window or menu.

server, backup A computer in a network that takes and stores backups of files
          from other computers on the network.

spreadsheet An application program that provides a large matrix or grid for the
          manipulation of numbers and figures; especially financial
          information.

STARTUP.CMD A special OS/2 file that contains commands which are executed when
          an OS/2 system is booted.  This only applies to Version 1.2 or 1.3 of
          OS/2.

stand-alone Of or relating to a Personal Computer which is not connected to any
          other computer by any means directly supported by DOS or OS/2 (such
          as by a LAN).

Stop      A standard button used in progress indicator windows, such as the
          backup in progress indicator, which, when activated, cancels the
          progress of the action, such as cancelling the backup, at the next
          convenient stopping point.

subdirectory A directory contained within another directory.

System backup diskette A diskette used to hold backups of PSnS control files.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 28.17. T ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

tab       To use the Tab key to move the cursor, or screen position to the next
          object, button, action or item on a window. The cursor or screen
          position moves in sequence, from top to bottom and left to right.
          After the bottom-right-most item, the next position will be the
          top-left-most item.

tape streamer A high-capacity, tape-based storage device that is used with
          Personal Computers for storing large amounts of information;
          especially backup copies of files.

token     A symbol that represents all or part of a file identifier.

transparent access Access to a device; such as a disk drive, on another
          computer, where the remote device cannot be seen to be different or
          separate from the accessing computer.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 28.18. U ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

uncompress To restore a file which has been compressed so that it may be used
          by an application again.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 28.19. V ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

volume    A device providing the storage medium in a drive; such as a diskette,
          but not the diskette drive.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 28.20. W ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

window    An area with visible boundaries that presents a view of an object, or
          with which a user conducts a dialog with a computer system.

write access Access to a storage device where the computer is permitted to
          store data to the storage device.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden>  ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

For information on what rulebooks are for, and how they work, refer to Rulebook
Configuration.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden>  ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

PSnS looks at the archive bit on each file; if the archive bit is on, the file
is counted as having changed.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden>  ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A drive is directly supported by OS/2 if the normal OS/2 commands such as DIR
and COPY work for that drive. If you can type DIR X:, where X is the name of
the drive, and see a list of files on the drive, then it's directly supported
by OS/2.

If you want to use drives not directly supported by OS/2, you must inform PSnS
and provide the commands it must use to communicate with these devices.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden>  ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Note that name must be the name of a rulebook you already have defined.