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- ## Copyright (C) 1996,1998 Auburn University. All Rights Reserved
- ##
- ## This file is part of Octave.
- ##
- ## Octave is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- ## under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
- ## Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any
- ## later version.
- ##
- ## Octave is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- ## ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- ## FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
- ## for more details.
- ##
- ## You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- ## along with Octave; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free
- ## Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
-
- ## -*- texinfo -*-
- ## @deftypefn {Function File } { outputs =} tf2ss ( inputs )
- ## @format
- ## Conversion from tranfer function to state-space.
- ## The state space system
- ## .
- ## x = Ax + Bu
- ## y = Cx + Du
- ##
- ## is obtained from a transfer function
- ##
- ## num(s)
- ## G(s)=-------
- ## den(s)
- ##
- ## via the function call [a,b,c,d] = tf2ss(num,den).
- ## The vector 'den' must contain only one row, whereas the vector 'num'
- ## may contain as many rows as there are outputs of the system 'y'.
- ## The state space system matrices obtained from this function will be
- ## in controllable canonical form as described in "Modern Control Theory",
- ## [Brogan, 1991].
- ##
- ##
- ## @end format
- ## @end deftypefn
-
- function [a, b, c, d] = tf2ss (num, den)
- ## Written by R. Bruce Tenison (June 22, 1994) btenison@eng.auburn.edu
- ## mod A S Hodel July, Aug 1995
-
- if(nargin != 2) error("tf2ss: wrong number of input arguments")
- elseif(isempty(num)) error("tf2ss: empty numerator");
- elseif(isempty(den)) error("tf2ss: empy denominator");
- elseif(!is_vector(num))
- error(sprintf("num(%dx%d) must be a vector",rows(num),columns(num)));
- elseif(!is_vector(den))
- error(sprintf("den(%dx%d) must be a vector",rows(den),columns(den)));
- endif
-
- ## strip leading zeros from num, den
- nz = find(num != 0);
- if(isempty(nz)) num = 0;
- else num = num(nz(1):length(num)); endif
- nz = find(den != 0);
- if(isempty(nz)) error("denominator is 0.");
- else den = den(nz(1):length(den)); endif
-
- ## force num, den to be row vectors
- num = vec(num)'; den = vec(den)';
- nn = length(num); nd = length(den);
- if(nn > nd) error(sprintf("deg(num)=%d > deg(den)= %d",nn,nd)); endif
-
- ## Check sizes
- if (nd == 1) a = []; b = []; c = []; d = num(:,1) / den(1);
- else
- ## Pad num so that length(num) = length(den)
- if (nd-nn > 0) num = [zeros(1,nd-nn), num]; endif
-
- ## Normalize the numerator and denominator vector w.r.t. the leading
- ## coefficient
- d1 = den(1); num = num / d1; den = den(2:nd)/d1;
- sw = nd-1:-1:1;
-
- ## Form the A matrix
- if(nd > 2) a = [zeros(nd-2,1),eye(nd-2,nd-2);-den(sw)];
- else a = -den(sw); endif
-
- ## Form the B matrix
- b = zeros(nd-1,1); b(nd-1,1) = 1;
-
- ## Form the C matrix
- c = num(:,2:nd)-num(:,1)*den; c = c(:,sw);
-
- ## Form the D matrix
- d = num(:,1);
- endif
-
- endfunction
-