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tf2ss.m
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1999-12-24
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## Copyright (C) 1996,1998 Auburn University. All Rights Reserved
##
## This file is part of Octave.
##
## Octave is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
## under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
## Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any
## later version.
##
## Octave is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
## ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
## FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
## for more details.
##
## You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
## along with Octave; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free
## Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
## -*- texinfo -*-
## @deftypefn {Function File } { outputs =} tf2ss ( inputs )
## @format
## Conversion from tranfer function to state-space.
## The state space system
## .
## x = Ax + Bu
## y = Cx + Du
##
## is obtained from a transfer function
##
## num(s)
## G(s)=-------
## den(s)
##
## via the function call [a,b,c,d] = tf2ss(num,den).
## The vector 'den' must contain only one row, whereas the vector 'num'
## may contain as many rows as there are outputs of the system 'y'.
## The state space system matrices obtained from this function will be
## in controllable canonical form as described in "Modern Control Theory",
## [Brogan, 1991].
##
##
## @end format
## @end deftypefn
function [a, b, c, d] = tf2ss (num, den)
## Written by R. Bruce Tenison (June 22, 1994) btenison@eng.auburn.edu
## mod A S Hodel July, Aug 1995
if(nargin != 2) error("tf2ss: wrong number of input arguments")
elseif(isempty(num)) error("tf2ss: empty numerator");
elseif(isempty(den)) error("tf2ss: empy denominator");
elseif(!is_vec(num))
error(sprintf("num(%dx%d) must be a vector",rows(num),columns(num)));
elseif(!is_vec(den))
error(sprintf("den(%dx%d) must be a vector",rows(den),columns(den)));
endif
## strip leading zeros from num, den
nz = find(num != 0);
if(isempty(nz)) num = 0;
else num = num(nz(1):length(num)); endif
nz = find(den != 0);
if(isempty(nz)) error("denominator is 0.");
else den = den(nz(1):length(den)); endif
## force num, den to be row vectors
num = vec(num)'; den = vec(den)';
nn = length(num); nd = length(den);
if(nn > nd) error(sprintf("deg(num)=%d > deg(den)= %d",nn,nd)); endif
## Check sizes
if (nd == 1) a = []; b = []; c = []; d = num(:,1) / den(1);
else
## Pad num so that length(num) = length(den)
if (nd-nn > 0) num = [zeros(1,nd-nn), num]; endif
## Normalize the numerator and denominator vector w.r.t. the leading
## coefficient
d1 = den(1); num = num / d1; den = den(2:nd)/d1;
sw = nd-1:-1:1;
## Form the A matrix
if(nd > 2) a = [zeros(nd-2,1),eye(nd-2,nd-2);-den(sw)];
else a = -den(sw); endif
## Form the B matrix
b = zeros(nd-1,1); b(nd-1,1) = 1;
## Form the C matrix
c = num(:,2:nd)-num(:,1)*den; c = c(:,sw);
## Form the D matrix
d = num(:,1);
endif
endfunction