World Wide Catalog 1995 Summer/World_Wide_Catalog_InfoMagic_Summer_1995.iso/pages/kssnmfsh.gov/fus92/glossary

Text File | 1995-06-11 | 18KB | 376 lines

                        GLOSSARY


ANADROMOUS SPECIES.  These are species of fish that mature in the
ocean, and then ascend streams to spawn in freshwater.  In the
Magnuson Act, these species include, but are not limited to,
Atlantic and Pacific salmons, steelhead trout, and striped bass.
See 42 FR 60682, Nov. 28, 1977.

ANALOG PRODUCTS.  These include imitation and simulated crab,
lobster, shrimp, scallops, and other fish and shellfish products
fabricated from processed fish meat (such as surimi).

AQUACULTURE.  The farming of aquatic organisms in marine,
brackish or freshwater.  Farming implies private or corporate
ownership of the organism and enhancement  of production by
stocking, feeding, providing protection from predators or other
management measures.  Aquaculture production is reported as the
weight and value of cultured organisms at their point of final
sale.

BATTER-COATED FISH PRODUCTS.  Sticks and portions or other forms
of fish or shellfish coated with a batter containing a leavening
agent and mixture of cereal products, flavoring, and other
ingredients, and partially cooked in hot oil a short time to
expand and set the batter.

BOAT, OTHER.  Commercial fishing craft not powered by a motor,
e.g., rowboat or sailboat, having a capacity of less than 5 net
tons.  See motorboat.

BREADED FISH PRODUCTS.  Sticks and portions or other forms of
fish or shellfish coated with a non-leavened mixture containing
cereal products, flavorings, and other ingredients.  Breaded
products are sold raw or partially cooked.

BREADED SHRIMP.  Peeled shrimp coated with breading.  The product
may be identified as fantail (butterfly) and round, with or
without tail fins and last shell segment; also known as portions,
sticks, steaks, etc., when prepared from a composite unit of two
or more shrimp pieces whole shrimp or a combination of both
without fins or shells.

BUTTERFLY FILLET.  Two skin-on fillets of a fish joined together
by the belly skin.  See fillets.

CANNED FISHERY PRODUCTS.  Fish, shellfish, or other aquatic
animals packed in cans, or other containers, which are
hermetically sealed and heat-sterilized.  Canned fishery products
may include milk, vegetables, or other products.  Most, but not
all, canned fishery products can be stored at room temperature
for an indefinite time without spoiling.

COMMERCIAL FISHERMAN.  An individual who derives income from
catching and selling living resources taken from inland or marine
waters.

CONSUMPTION OF EDIBLE FISHERY PRODUCTS. Estimated amount of
commercially landed fish, shellfish, and other aquatic animals
consumed by the civilian population of the United States.
Estimates are on an edible-weight basis and have been adjusted
for beginning and ending inventories of edible fishery products.
Consumption includes U.S. production of fishery products from
both domestically caught and imported fish, shellfish, other
edible aquatic plants, animals, and imported products and
excludes exports and purchases by the U.S. Armed Forces.

CONTINENTAL SHELF FISHERY RESOURCES.  These are living organisms
of any sedentary species that at the harvestable stage are either
(a) immobile on or under the seabed, (b) unable to move except in
instant physical contact with the seabed or subsoil of the
continental shelf.  The Magnuson Act now lists them as certain
abalones, surf clam and ocean quahog, queen conch, Atlantic deep-
sea red crab, dungeness crab, stone crab, king crabs, snow
(tanner) crabs, American lobster, certain corals, and sponges.

CURED FISHERY PRODUCTS.  Products preserved by drying, pickling,
salting, or smoking; not including canned, frozen, irradiated, or
pasteurized products.  Dried products are cured by sun or air-
drying; pickled or salted products are those products preserved
by applying salt, or by pickling (immersing in brine or in a
vinegar or other preservative solution); smoked products are
cured with smoke or a combination of smoking and drying or
salting.

CUSTOMS TERRITORY.  Unless otherwise noted, the foreign trade
information presented is based on Bureau of the Census data for
the Customs territory of the United States.  The territory
includes the 50 States, District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and
the U.S. Virgin Islands.

DEFLATED VALUE.  The deflated values referred to in this document
are calculated with the Gross Domestic Products Implicit Price
Deflator.  The base year for this index is 1987.

EDIBLE WEIGHT.  The weight of a seafood item exclusive of bones,
offal, etc.

EEZ.  See U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone.

EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY (EEC).  Belgium and Luxembourg,
Denmark, Federal Republic of
Germany, Greece, France, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal,
Spain, and United Kingdom.

EXPORT VALUE.  The value reported is generally equivalent to
f.a.s. (free alongside ship) value at the U.S. port of export,
based on the transaction price, including inland freight,
insurance, and other charges incurred in placing the merchandise
alongside the carrier at the U.S. port of exportation.  The value
excludes the cost of loading, freight, insurance and other
charges or transportation cost beyond the port of exportation.

EXPORT WEIGHT.  The weight of individual products as exported,
i.e., fillets, steaks, whole, breaded. etc.  Includes both
domestic and foreign re-exports data.

EXVESSEL PRICE.  Price received by the harvester for fish,
shellfish, and other aquatic plants and animals.

FISH BLOCKS.  Regular fish blocks are frozen blocks or slabs of
fillets or pieces of fillets cut or sliced from fish.  Minced
fish blocks are frozen blocks or slabs of minced flesh produced
by a meat and bone separating machine.

FISH FILLETS.  The sides of fish that are either skinned or have
the skin on, cut lengthwise from the backbone.  Most types of
fillets are boneless or virtually boneless; some may be labeled
as "boneless fillets."

FISH MEAL.  A high-protein animal feed supplement made by
cooking, pressing, drying, and grinding fish or shellfish.

FISH OIL.  An oil extracted from body (body oil) or liver (liver
oil) of fish and marine mammals; mostly a byproduct of fish meal
production.

FISH PORTION.  A piece of fish flesh that is generally of uniform
size with thickness of 3/8 of an inch or more and differs from a
fish stick in being wider or of a different shape.  A fish
portion is generally cut from a fish block.

FISH SOLUBLES.  A water-soluble protein byproduct of fish meal
production.  Fish solubles are generally condensed to 50 percent
solids and marketed as "condensed fish solubles."

FISH STEAK.  A cross-section slice cut from a large dressed fish.

A steak is usually about 3/4 of an inch thick.

FISH STICK.  An elongated piece of breaded fish flesh weighing
not less than 3/4 of an ounce and not more than 1-1/2 ounces with
the largest dimension at least three times that of the next
largest dimension.  A fish stick is generally cut from a fish
block.

FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN (FMP).  A plan developed by a Regional
Fishery Management Council, or the Secretary of Commerce  under
certain circumstances, to manage a fishery resource in the U.S.
EEZ pursuant to the MFCMA (Magnuson Act).

FISHING CRAFT, COMMERCIAL.  Boats and vessels engaged in
capturing fish, shellfish, and other aquatic plants and animals
for sale.

FULL-TIME COMMERCIAL FISHERMAN.  An individual who receives  more
than 50 percent of their annual income from commercial fishing
activities, including port activity, such as vessel repair and
re-rigging.

GROSS REGISTERED TONNAGE (GRT).  The gross registered tonnage of
a vessel is the internal cubic capacity of all space in and on
the vessel that is permanently enclosed, with the exception of
certain permissible exemptions.  GRT is expressed in tons of 100
cubic feet.

GROUNDFISH.  Broadly, fish that are caught on or near the sea
floor.  The term includes a wide variety of bottomfishes,
rockfishes, and flatfishes.  However, NMFS sometimes uses the
term in a narrower sense.  In "Fisheries of the United States,"
the term applies to the following species--Atlantic and Pacific:
cod, hake, ocean perch, and pollock; cusk; and haddock.

IMPORT VALUE.  Value of imports as appraised by the U.S. Customs
Service according to the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended.  It may
be based on foreign market value, constructed value, American
selling price, etc.  It generally represents a value in a foreign
country, and therefore excludes U.S. import duties, freight,
insurance, and other charges incurred in bringing the merchandise
to the United States.

IMPORT WEIGHT.  The weights of individual products as exported,
i.e., fillets, steaks, whole, headed, etc.

INDUSTRIAL FISHERY PRODUCTS.  Items processed from fish,
shellfish, or other aquatic plants and animals that are not
consumed  directly by humans.  These items contain products from
seaweeds, fish meal, fish oils, fish solubles, pearl essence,
shark and other aquatic animal skins, and shells.

INTERNAL WATER PROCESSING (IWPs).  An operation in which a
foreign vessel is authorized by the governor of a state to
receive and process fish in the internal waters of a state.  The
Magnuson Act refers to internal waters as all waters within the
boundaries of a state except those seaward of the baseline from
which the territorial sea is measured.

JOINT VENTURE.  An operation authorized under the MFCMA (Magnuson
Act) in which a foreign vessel is authorized to receive fish from
U.S. fishermen in the U.S. EEZ.  The fish received from the U.S.
vessel are part of the U.S. harvest.
LANDINGS, COMMERCIAL.  Quantities of fish, shellfish, and other
aquatic plants and animals brought ashore and sold.  Landings of
fish may be in terms of round (live) weight or dressed weight.
Landings of crustaceans are generally on a live-weight basis
except for shrimp which may be on a heads-on or heads-off basis.
Mollusks are generally landed with the shell on, but for some
species only the meats are landed, such as sea scallops.  Data
for all mollusks are published on a meat-weight basis.

MAGNUSON FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT ACT, Public Law 94-
265, as amended.  The Magnuson Act provides a national program
for the conservation and management of fisheries to allow for an
optimum yield (OY) on a continuing basis and to realize the full
potential of the Nation's fishery resources.  It established the
U.S. Exclusive Economics Zone (EEZ) (formerly the FCZ - Fishery
Conservation Zone) and a means to control foreign and certain
domestic fisheries through PMPs and FMPs.  Within the U.S. EEZ,
the United States has exclusive management authority over fish
(meaning finfish, mollusks, crustaceans, and all other forms of
marine animal and plant life other than marine mammals, birds,
and highly migratory species of tuna).  The Magnuson Act provides
further exclusive management authority beyond the U.S. EEZ for
all continental shelf fishery resources and all anadromous
species throughout the migratory range of each such species,
except during the time they are found within any foreign nation's
territorial sea or fishery conservation zone (or the equivalent),
to the extent that such a sea or zone is recognized by the United
States.

MARINE RECREATIONAL FISHING.  Fishing for pleasure, amusement,
relaxation, or home consumption.

MARINE RECREATIONAL CATCH.  Quantities of finfish, shellfish and
other living aquatic organisms caught, but not necessarily
brought ashore, by marine recreational fisherman.

MARINE RECREATIONAL FISHERMEN.  Those people who fish in marine
waters primarily for recreational purposes.  Their catch is
primarily for home consumption, although occasionally a part or
all of their catch may be sold and enter commercial channels.
This definition is used in the NMFS Marine Recreational Fishery
Statistics Survey, and is not intended to represent a NMFS policy
on the sale of angler-caught fish.

MAXIMUM SUSTAINABLE YIELD (MSY).  MSY from a fishery is the
largest annual catch or yield in terms of weight of fish caught
by both commercial and recreational fishermen that can be taken
continuously from a stock under existing environmental
conditions.  A determination of MSY, which should be an estimate
based upon the best scientific information available, is a
biological measure necessary in the development of optimum yield.

METRIC TONS.  A measure of weight equal to 1,000 kilograms, 0.984
long tons, 1.1023 short tons, or 2,204.6 pounds.

MOTORBOAT.  A motor-driven commercial fishing craft having a
capacity of less than 5 net tons, or not officially documented by
the Coast Guard.  See "boat, other."

NORTHWEST ATLANTIC FISHERIES ORGANIZATION (NAFO).  This
convention, which entered into force January 1, 1979, replaces
ICNAF.  NAFO provides a forum for continued multilateral
scientific research and investigation of fishery resources that
occur beyond the limits of coastal nations' fishery jurisdiction
in the northwest Atlantic, and will ensure consistency between
NAFO management measures in this area and those adopted by the
coastal nations within the limits of their fishery jurisdiction.

OPTIMUM YIELD (OY).  In the MFCMA (Magnuson Act), OY with respect
to the yield from a fishery, is the amount of fish that (1) will
provide the greatest overall benefit to the United States, with
particular reference to food production and recreational
opportunities; and (2) is prescribed as such on the basis of
maximum sustainable yield from such fishery, as modified by any
relevant ecological, economic, or social factors.

PACKAGED FISH.  A term used in NMFS publications prior to 1972 to
designate fresh or frozen raw fish fillets and steaks.

PART-TIME COMMERCIAL FISHERMAN.  An individual who receives less
than 50 percent of their annual income from commercial fishing
activities.

PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION.  Consumption of edible fishery  products
in the United States divided by the total civilian population.
In calculating annual per capita consumption, estimates of the
civilian resident population of the United States on July 1 of
each year are used.     These estimates are taken from current
population reports, series P-25, published by the U.S. Bureau of
the Census.

PER CAPITA USE.  The use of all fishery products, both edible and
nonedible, in the United States divided by the total population
of the United States.

PRELIMINARY FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN (PMP).  The Secretary of
Commerce prepares a PMP whenever a foreign nation with which the
United States has made a Governing International Fishery
Agreement (GIFA) submits an application to fish in a fishery not
managed by an FMP.  A PMP is replaced by an FMP as soon as the
latter is implemented.  A PMP applies only to foreign fishing.

RE-EXPORTS.  Re-exports are commodities which have entered the
U.S. as imports and are subsequently exported in substantially
the same condition as when originally imported.

RETAIL PRICE.  The price of fish and shellfish sold to the final
consumer by food stores and other retail outlets.

ROUND (LIVE) WEIGHT.  The weight of fish, shellfish, or other
aquatic plants and animals as taken from the water; the complete
or full weight as caught.  The tables on world catch found in
this publication include, in the case of mollusks, the weight of
both the shells and the meats, whereas the tables on U.S.
landings include only the weight of the meats.

SURIMI.  Minced fish meat (usually Alaska pollock)
which has been washed to remove fat and undesirable matters (such
as blood, pigments, and odorous substances), and mixed with
cryoprotectants, such as sugar and/or sorbitol, for a good frozen
shelf life.

TOTAL ALLOWABLE LEVEL OF FOREIGN FISHING (TALFF).  The TALFF, if
any, with respect to any fishery subject to the exclusive fishery
management authority of the United States, is that portion of the
optimum yield of such fishery which will not be harvested by
vessels of the United States, as determined by provisions of the
MFCMA.

U.S. EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE (EEZ).  The MFCMA (Magnuson Act)
defines this zone as contiguous to the territorial sea of the
United States and extending seaward 200 nautical miles measured
from the baseline from which the territorial sea is measured.
This was formerly referred to as the FCZ (Fishery Conservation
Zone).

U.S.-FLAG VESSEL LANDINGS.  Includes landings by all U.S. fishing
vessels regardless of where landed as opposed to landings at
ports in the 50 United States.  These include landings at foreign
ports, U.S. territories, and foreign vessels in the U.S. FCZ
under joint venture agreements.  U.S. law prohibits vessels
constructed or registered in foreign countries to land fish
catches at U.S. ports.

U.S. TERRITORIAL SEA.  A zone extending 3 nautical miles from
shore for all states except Texas and the Gulf Coast of Florida
where the seaward boundary is 3 marine leagues (9 nautical
miles).

USE OF FISHERY PRODUCTS.  Estimated disappearance of the total
supply of fishery products, both edible and nonedible, on a
round-weight basis without considering beginning or ending
stocks, exports, military purchases, or shipments to U.S.
territories.

VESSEL.  A commercial fishing craft having a capacity of 5 net
tons or more.  These craft are either enrolled or documented by
the U.S. Coast Guard and have an official number assigned by that
agency.

WHOLESALE FISH AND SHELLFISH PRICES.  Those prices received at
principal fishery markets by primary wholesalers (processors,
importers, and brokers) for customary quantities, free on board
(f.o.b.) warehouse.