home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Before technology provided meteorologists with radar and satellite
- imagery to track hurricanes, sketchy information made it difficult to
- know where tropical storms would make landfall, increasing the
- probability that the public would go unwarned and unprotected.
-
- The formal installation of a national hurricane warning system was
- initiated by the US Weather Bureau just before the turn of the century.
- Early information was provided through manned weather stations in
- the West Indies, Cuba and Mexico. These stations relayed local
- tropical weather information throughout the hurricane season.
- Although data gathered in these locations provided useful information
- as to a storm's intensity, the stations did not provide enough
- information to determine where storms might head next.
-
- As ships became equipped with radios, they became actively involved
- in providing the US Weather Bureau with hurricane observation
- reports.
-
- Data buoys placed throughout the Gulf of Mexico and along the Atlantic
- and Pacific seaboards relay information by radio signals on air and
- water temperature, wind speed, air pressure and wave conditions.
-
- Although data buoys are not used only to predict and monitor tropical
- storm situations, they do provide valuable data during hurricane
- season.
-
- The development of both radar and technologically advanced military
- aircraft made it possible to gather data in a new way. During World
- War II, Army Air Corps and Navy pilots began making reconnaissance
- flights into the eye of hurricanes to obtain information on a storm's
- location and intensity. Today, reconnaissance aircraft are still actively
- used to gather tropical storm information, which is then passed on to
- the National Hurricane Center ( NHC ) near Miami, Florida.
-
- Reconnaissance flights into hurricanes are made by Air Force reserve
- pilots and by pilots of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
- Administration. The Air Force Reserve pilots are based at Keesler Air
- Force Base near Biloxi, Mississippi. NOAA flies out of MacDill Air
- Force Base in Tampa, Florida.
-
- Reconnaissance planes are sent up to monitor tropical activity in the
- Atlantic Ocean and in the central Pacific Ocean when Hawaii is
- threatened. Some information is received from a dropsonde. A
- dropsonde is a radio-like instrument dropped from the
- reconnaissance plane into a tropical storm or hurricane. It records
- wind speed and direction, air pressure and temperature readings.
-
- Dropsondes are just one small part of information provided by
- reconnaissance planes. Very few of these instruments are dropped
- during flight. The aircraft gathers information on the storm throughout
- its mission.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-