This section contains a biography, and in most cases, a photograph of a huge range of famous Australians.
To view a list of all famous Australians for which there is a biography, select the \BSearch\b button from the Toolbar (second from the left), and select the \BCustom\b button from the dialog box that appears. From the submenu that then appears, select \IFamous Australians.\i A list of every famous Australian covered will then be displayed, and you can move directly to any of them. If you would like this to be done for you, \P\Kfamous\kclick here.\p
Alternatively, use the \JNext Page\j button in the Toolbar, or the \IGo To Page\i button also in the Toolbar, to move around this section.
The accompanying table lists the Australian of the Year recipients.
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"Abeles, Sir (Emil Herbert) Peter",2,"e\5\pabeles.jpg","c","0"
(1924- )
\ICompany director with main interests in transport.\i
Born and educated in Hungary, Abeles came to Australia in 1949 and in 1950 founded the transport company Alltrans Pty Ltd which in 1967 was taken over by Thomas Nationwide Transport (TNT) Ltd. He has since become managing director and deputy chairman of TNT and is also chairman of Ansett Airlines of Australia, jointly owned by TNT and Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation. Abeles is also director of several other transport companies and in 1986 was involved with News Corporation in the setting up of AWAS, an airline leasing venture which by 1991 was the third largest such business in the world. A confidant of then prime minister \JBob Hawke\j, Abeles received the support of the Labor government in withstanding the lengthy national pilots' strike of 1990. His personal wealth was estimated in the late 1980s to be $37 million. However, in the early 1990s Abeles and his business empire faced major problems in the wake of the 1987 stockmarket crash and the recession, to which, it is claimed, Abeles was slow to respond. In 1991 TNT announced a loss of about $200 million.
Abeles' activities outside the world of business have included the establishment of the Australian Medical Foundation for Cancer Research and the chairmanship of the Olympic Committee which bid unsuccessfully to hold the 1992 Olympic Games in Brisbane. He became a director of the Reserve Bank in 1984. He was knighted in 1972.
\BDescription:\b Sir Peter Abeles \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
\IFashion designer who won many awards from the 1960s to the 1980s.\i
Born in Benalla, Victoria, Acton was educated in Melbourne, including study at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology. In 1964 she founded her own fashion house, Prue Acton Pty Ltd, and since then has been a key figure in the Australian fashion industry, designing fabrics as well as clothes. Her innovative designs of the 1960s, called outrageous by some, appealed particularly to the young and from 1966 to 1969 she also dominated the junior market in the United States. Her many awards, from 1966 to 1986, included the Wool Fashion Awards of 1966, 1969 and 1970. She also designed a popular range of bedlinen and numerous uniforms - for example, for the Australian Olympic team.
In recent years she has concentrated on the colours of the Australian landscape, especially blue, a direction encouraged by taking up painting with the help of artist \JClifton Pugh\j. In 1991 she decided to change her career direction and closed down her label and retail chain. She continues to design clothes on special assignments and to consult on other aspects of design such as industrial and household technological products. She runs fashion design workshops and continues to paint.
George Adams, founder of TattersallÆs Lotteries, was born at Redhill, Hertfordshire in England on 14th March 1839. He came to New South Wales in 1855, aged 16, and worked as a Cobb and Co driver, farmhand, and butcher. During the 1860s, he bought the Steam Packey Hotel in Kiama, New South Wales and was part owner of a sheep station. In 1878, he developed a sweepstakes in the tin bar of his O'Briens Hotel in Pitt Street, Sydney, now the site of the Hilton. It was the unofficial headquarters of a turf club known as Tattersall's. Adams started out holding sweepstakes on major turf events, and his first public Tattersall's sweep was on Easter Monday 1881.
He invested in theatre and Sydney's famous Marble Bar, but following an argument with the wowser and church element in Sydney, he took his sweepstakes business to Tasmania on 31st May 1895. He conducted Tasmania's first official sweep on 26th January 1896, and soon became a millionaire. The business was moved to Melbourne in 1954. Adams died, aged 65, on 23rd September 1904, in Hobart. Tattersall's still operates in Victoria, Tasmania, and the Australian Capital Territory.
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"Adler, Laurence James (Larry)",5,"e\5\ladler.jpg","c","0"
(1931-88)
\ICompany director with interests in insurance and oil exploration.\i
Born in Budapest, Hungary on 2nd November 193, to Jewish parents. Adler was near penniless when he came to Australia as a displaced person aged 19 in 1950.
His father who had been a wealthy Hungarian Insurance agent had died in a Nazi concentration camp. After working as a taxi driver, railway fetter, Larry Adler founded his FAI (Fire and All risks Insurance) Company in 1960 with a capital of $56,000. At the time of his death the company was worth $700 million, while his business over four continents held over $2 billion in assets.
His first commercial venture was an electrical retail store which was forced out of business, but by 1960 he had become chairman of the FAI Insurance Group and of Cumberland Holdings Ltd (formerly Cumberland Credit Corporation) and, in 1982, chairman of Offshore Oil NL. Other positions included the governorship of the Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney. His well judged activity on the stockmarket brought the wealth of his family to an estimated $370 million in 1988. After his death, his son Rodney became chief executive of FAI. Adler died at Sydney's Royal Prince Alfred Hospital aged 57 on 13th December 1988 after suffering a heart attack on 3rd December 1988. Over $50 million fell from the company's share portfolio when his death was announced owing to his autonomous running of his business. His 29-year-old son Rodney successfully stepped in as head of the family fortunes.
\BDescription:\b Larry Adler \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i.
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"Albert, Sir Alexis",6,0,g,0
(1904-96)
Sir Alexis Albert, Australian media and music industry owner, was born in Sydney on 15th October 1904, the son of flamboyant entrepreneur Frank Albert. As the chairman of J. Albert and Son Pty Ltd, he presided over a family company which began in retailing with his grandfather in the 19th century, and made millions after WWI in the music publishing business with one of their biggest sellers, the \IBoomerang Song Book\i.
The company diversified in radio and television ownership and invested in the hit movie \IStrictly Ballroom\i. The family for many years owned radio stations 2UW Sydney, 4BC Brisbane, 4RO Rockhampton, 4MB Maryborough, KICK-FM Canberra and 3TT-FM Melbourne. On the record front, they launched artists such as John Paul Young, Rose Tattoo, AC/CD, Ted Mulry, and William Shakespeare. A Lieutenant Commander in the Australian Navy during WWII, Sir Alexis was president of the Royal Blind Society for 17 years.
He married Elsa Lundgren on 17th March 1934 and had three sons Ted, Robert and Tony. His wife and son Ted pre-deceased him. The family sold their radio interests in 1995 for $62 million. The family home at Elizabeth Bay, for many years a Sydney landmark, was known as \IBoomerang,\i and had accommodated Queen Elizabeth the 2nd and many dignitaries over the years. He died at his Vaucluse home on 10th October 1996, aged 91.
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"Alexander, Sir Stuart",7,0,g,0
(1812-67)
Sir Stuart Alexander, New South Wales first premier, was born in England in 1812. He arrived in Sydney when only 22 and entered politics in 1848. He became premier in June 1856 and remained in power for three months. He died in England on 11th January 1867, aged 55.
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"Anderson, Jessica",8,"e\5\jander.jpg","c","0"
(1925-)
\INovelist whose works include Tirra Lirra by the River (1978) and The Impersonators (1980).\i
Born in Brisbane, Jessica Anderson has lived mainly in Sydney. She began writing novels in the 1960s, having previously written short stories, plays and radio adaptations. Her novels are \IAn Ordinary Lunacy\i (1963), \IThe Last Man's Head\i (1970), \IThe Commandant\i (1975), \ITirra Lirra by the River\i (1978), \IThe Impersonators\i (1980) and \ITaking Shelter\i (1989). The \JMiles Franklin\j Award winning \ITirra Lirra by the River\i and \IThe Impersonators\i exemplify her style of 'poetic brevity', understated irony and tightly structured narrative. Both deal, in different ways, with the rediscovery of Australia by a woman who has lived overseas for many years and involve to some extent one of her favourite themes - the relationship between self and place.
\BDescription:\b Jessica Anderson \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
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"Angas, George Fife",9,"e\5\gangas.jpg","c","0"
(1789-1879)
\IShipper and philanthropist who is considered the founder of South Australia.\i
Angas was born in England and inherited his father's shipping business. He became a firm believer in South Australia as 'a place of refuge for pious dissenters of Great Britain' and joined the board of the South Australian Association in 1834, energetically raising funds to form its capital. He arranged for the first group of settlers to sail to Adelaide in 1836 and later provided the ships in which groups of persecuted German Lutherans sailed to the colony. His second son, John Howard Angas, migrated in 1843 and in 1850 George and his wife decided to do likewise. They arrived in Adelaide in 1851 and settled in the Barossa district at the town of Angaston, named after him. As a member of the Legislative Council from 1851 to 1866, he took an active part in local politics, also undertaking various philanthropic activities and supporting Christian missionary work. He died at Angaston.
His eldest son, George French Angas, was a noted artist and naturalist. He did not settle in Australia, but visited and took part in some expeditions between 1843 and 1846. He returned in the 1850s and was secretary of the Australian Museum in Sydney from 1853 until his return to England in 1860. He published several works as a result of his experiences in Australia, including \ISavage Life and Scenes in Australia and New Zealand\i (1847) and \IAustralia, a Popular Account\i (1865).
\BDescription:\b George Fife Angas \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
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"Ansett, Bob",10,0,g,0
(1933- )
Bob Ansett, former Australian managing director of Budget Rent-a-Car, was born Robert Graham Ansett in Melbourne on 8th August 1933. After his mother divorced his father, Sir Reginald Ansett, he saw little of his father when he went to Canada with his mother. He returned to Australia in the 60s and had continued battles with his father Sir Reginald Ansett for the ownership of Avis and other interests. He eventually set up rebel company Budget, and by 1980 it was the number one rental car company in Australia.
He successfully picketed the Australian government for the right for car rental companies to operate from all airports. At one stage his wife Josie, brother, daughter Cheryl, and son Ron all worked at Budget. However, during the famous airline dispute in 1989 his company went to the wall and was put into the hands of receivers. He has since moved to Queensland.
In 1997, a day before his 64th birthday, a jury failed to reach a verdict on charges he faced in relation to deceiving former Budget shareholders.
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"Ansett, Sir Reginald Myles",11,"e\5\reginald.jpg","c","0"
(1909-81)
\IAviator and company director who founded Ansett Airlines of Australia.\i
Born in Inglewood, Victoria, Ansett worked in his family's knitting factory and later established a road transport company. In 1936 when legislation imposed restrictions on road transport, he began an air service from Hamilton to Melbourne, having gained his pilot's licence in 1929. This service developed into Ansett Airways Ltd. In 1937 he won the Brisbane-Adelaide air race. In 1946 he diversified the company because of losses caused by competition with Australian National Airways (ANA) and the newly established Trans Australia Airlines (now Australian Airlines). The company became Ansett Transport Industries, with Ansett as chairman and managing director. In 1957 he bought out ANA, forming Ansett ANA, later Ansett Airlines of Australia. This was the private sector part of the federal government's two airline system which existed until 1990. Associated Ansett activities included the operation of television stations. Ansett was a public proponent of the necessity for private enterprise in the development of Australia.
One of his sons, Robert Graham (Bob) Ansett, who was born in Melbourne and educated in the United States, is a well known businessman in Australia. In 1965 he set up Budget Rent A Car Pty Ltd in competition with the established car rental companies, including Avis, owned by his father's Ansett Airlines.
\BDescription:\b Sir Reginald Ansett \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
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"Anthony, Doug",12,0,g,0
(1929- )
Doug Anthony, former leader of Australia's Federal National Party, was born in Murwillumbah, New South Wales. A farmer, he became leader of the Country Party after the retirement of John McEwen and was Deputy Prime Minister under Malcolm Fraser. He resigned from politics in 1983. The pop group, The Doug Anthony All Stars, was named after him.
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"Apthorpe, Peter",13,0,g,0
(1944-91)
Peter Apthorpe, Australia's first heart transplant patient, was born in 1944. The former sheep shearer became Australia's first successful heart transplant patient on 24th February 1984. It was the first successful operation of its kind in Australia conducted by the heart team of Dr Victor Chang at Sydney's St. Vincents Hospital, as three previous patients had died soon after their operations. Apthorpe and Dr Chang died within months of each other. Apthorpe died at Tweed Heads Hospital on 13th October 1991, aged 46.
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"Archibald, Jules Francois",14,"0","g","0"
(1856-1919)
\IJournalist who founded the Bulletin magazine.\i
Archibald was born near Geelong, Victoria, and given the first names of John Feltham. He changed these when a young man, inspired to do so by Francophilia. He became a journalist and after a variety of jobs, he and John Haynes, a journalist on the \IEvening News,\i published the first issue of the Sydney \IBulletin\i in 1880. This developed into an influential reformist journal, reflecting the new nationalism of the time. Archibald was responsible for its literary content. His writers included \JHenry Lawson\j, A.B. Paterson, and \JNorman Lindsay\j. He also commissioned Lindsay to do illustrations.
In 1907, struggling with a nervous collapse which hospitalised him, he started a companion monthly magazine, \IThe Lone Hand,\i which was also successful. Archibald sold his share in the \IBulletin\i in 1914 and shortly before his death in 1919 helped start \ISmith's Weekly.\i In his will he endowed an annual prize for portraiture, preferably of a person 'distinguished in art, letters, science or politics', now known as the Archibald Prize. He also bequeathed money for the erection of a World War I memorial, which resulted in the Archibald memorial fountain in Hyde Park, Sydney, and a large amount to the benevolent fund of the Australian Journalists' Association.
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"Arnott, William",15,"0","g","0"
(1827-1901)
\IFounder of Arnott's Biscuits Ltd.\i
Born in Scotland where he became an apprentice pastrycook, William Arnott emigrated to Australia in 1850 with his brother David to join other family members. Trying his luck on the goldfields, he found he could earn more by baking for the miners. In 1853 he established himself as a baker and confectioner at West Maitland, New South Wales. A succession of floods made him decide to move to Newcastle in 1865 where he leased a small shop.
The business expanded rapidly and he was helped by his wife, brothers and sons. Arnott's first factory was built in Newcastle in 1877 and he bought a factory in Sydney in 1894. This was the start of Arnott's Biscuits Ltd, which remained a family company until 1970 when it became part of a large multinational. It produces approximately 75 per cent of the biscuits eaten in Australia.
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"Arrow, Fairlie",16,0,g,0
(1965- )
Fairlie Arrow, former female Queensland nightclub singer, was born in 1965. On 4th January 1992, she admitted to police that she had duped them in December 1991 when she said that she had been kidnapped by a man on the Gold Coast and dumped by the roadside two days later. She appeared on \IA Current Affair\i with Mike Willesee and was later charged with a misdemeanour by the Queensland police and fined for making a false statement to police.
She claimed that she had been the victim of harassment from a deranged fan and that the only way police would take any notice was to 'fake' her disappearance. She moved to the USA in 1994 and now lives and sings in Nashville and is married to a Karate instructor. She has a son Jessie from a previous relationship.
\ILandscape painter who founded an influential art school in Sydney.\i
Julian Ashton was born in England. After a short period working in the civil engineering branch of the Great Western Railway he began studying art, first at the West London School of Art, and later in Paris. He migrated to Australia for health reasons in 1878, and worked first in Melbourne as an illustrator for several periodicals before settling in Sydney. He painted in oils and watercolours and exhibited with the Art Society of New South Wales, of which he was president from 1886 to 1892. In 1895 Ashton established an art school, known for a time as the Sydney Art School and now known as the \JJulian Ashton\j Art School, which had a strong influence on Australian landscape painting. Among his students were Thea Proctor, \JSydney Long\j and \JWilliam Dobell\j.
Ashton's work includes a number of watercolours such as \IEvening, Merri Creek\i (1882), which he claimed was the first Australian painting to be completed in the open air, and \IThe Milkmaid\i (1888), painted in part in the open in an attempt to capture accurately the crisp hues of winter sunlight. He is represented in the Australian \JNational Gallery\j and the Australian War Museum, \JCanberra\j, and the Art Gallery of New South Wales.
"Askin, Sir Robert (Robin) William",18,"e\5\raskin.jpg","c","0"
(1909-81)
\ILiberal politician who was premier of New South Wales 1965-75.\i
Born in Stuart Town, New South Wales, and educated in Sydney, Askin became a bank clerk. He was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as the Liberal member for Collaroy in 1950 and became Liberal leader in 1959. In this position he began to move his party's political position towards the centre and cultivated groups of traditional Labor supporters such as public servants and railway workers.
In 1965 he succeeded in unseating Labor after a term of 24 years. A shrewd politician, he was noted in office for opposition to the federal government's centralist moves. He is widely remembered for his stance against Vietnam War demonstrators, exemplified by his `Run over the bastards' reaction to demonstrators on the street in front of the car of visiting United States president, Lyndon B. Johnson, in 1966. He was knighted in 1972 and retired in 1975.
\BDescription:\b Sir Robert Askin \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
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"Aspinall, George",19,tastley.jpg,g,0
(1923-91)
George Aspinall, Australian photographer known as the "Changi Photographer", was born in Sydney on 19th October 1923. He drove ambulances during action in Malaya and Singapore in WWII prior to the Allied surrender on 15th February 1942.
During his time as a prisoner-of-war under the Japanese from 1942-45, he was imprisoned at the famous Changi Prison in Singapore and as a slave labourer on the Burma railway. He took photos in Changi with his last few rolls of black and white film, and when they ran out he used x-ray film; without his photos the oppression and suffering may never have been seen by the outside world. He died in Sydney on 26th October 1991, aged 68.
\IWriter whose novels include The Slow Natives (1965), The Acolyte (1972) and It's Raining in Mango (1987).\i
Thea Astley was born in Brisbane, studied arts at the University of Queensland and became a teacher. The first of her novels, \IGirl with a Monkey,\i was published in 1958. In 1980 she retired as fellow in Australian literature at Macquarie University to write full-time. Three of her novels, \IThe Well Dressed Explorer\i (1962), \IThe Slow Natives\i (1965) and \IThe Acolyte\i (1972) won the \JMiles Franklin\j Award. Other novels include \IA Kindness Cup\i (1974), \IIt's Raining in Mango\i (1987) and \IReaching Tin River (1990);\i she has also published a collection of short stories, \IHunting the Wild Pineapple (1979).\i In these works her perception of the Australian social condition is presented with a mixture of human concern, wit and intellectuality. It has been said that their original verbal style has made them more recognised by award judges than appreciated by a wide general readership. She was appointed Officer of the Order of Australia in 1992.
Hugh Atkinson, Australian novelist, was born in Parkes, New South Wales on 17th September 1921. He was called up for service in WWII but refused to serve, claiming he was a not a conscientious objector with religious scruples, but a war resister who would not serve in this particular way.
He was sentenced to jail until he was offered a non-combatant role; by that time the Japanese were threatening Australia so he threw away the order and volunteered for combat service with the RAAF in which he served with credit. After the war he spent time in India and many described his \IThe Pink And The Brown\i as a much better book than \IA Passage to India\i. He was divorced from his first wife Marie, to whom he had a daughter Aram. With his second wife, aviator and beauty, Phoebe Macarthur-Onslow, he had a son Jake and daughter Rachael.
He lived for many years in England, Spain and Malta, returning to Australia in 1977. His books include \IThe Jumping Jeweller Of Lavender Bay\i, \IThe Games\i, \IThe Reckoning\i, \IGreys Valley\i, \IThe Most Savage Animal\i, \IThe Man In The Middle\i, \ICrack-Up\i, and \ITwist In The Tail\i. He died in Sydney on 9th September 1994, aged 72.
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"Atkinson, Sallyanne",22,0,g,0
(1942- )
Sallyanne Atkinson, former Lord Mayor of Brisbane, was born Sallyanne Kerr in Sydney on 23rd July 1942. She grew up in Sri Lanka and later on the Gold Coast. She was raised a Protestant but baptised a Catholic before her marriage to neurosurgeon Dr Leigh Atkinson in 1964; they have five children, four girls and a boy, and announced their divorce in 1994. Elected Lord Mayor of Brisbane, Australia's largest local government in 1985, she served two terms as Mayor and was returned with 63% of the vote in 1988.
In April 1991, she was voted out of office in a shock election result. Sallyanne was replaced by former priest and Labor candidate Jim Soorley. She has many times been asked to represent the Liberal Party in the Federal arena but claimed she had not finished her job as Mayor of Brisbane. In 1993, New South Wales Premier John Fahey appointed her to the year 200 Olympic Committee, however in 1994 she resigned to accept the job as Australia's Senior Trade Commissioner in Paris.
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"Avery, John",23,0,g,0
(1927- )
John Avery, former Australian police officer and New South Wales Police commissioner, was born in Hornsby, New South Wales on 7th August 1927. He served in the Australian AIF as a cipher operator and worked in New Guinea as an operator during the trials of Japanese war criminals. On 12th April 1948, he left the AIF to become a police officer.
While working at Port Macquarie in 1964, he suffered a heart attack and after convalescing was stationed at Chatswood in Sydney. He was appointed Police Commissioner in 1985 and earnt the mantle "anti-corruption Commissioner" when he presided over a number of major inquiries against police corruption. He undertook fundamental changes and controversial cases and served under four police ministers, retiring in 1991 for health reasons.
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"Ayers, Sir Henry",24,0,g,0
(1821-97)
Sir Henry Ayers, Australian politician, was born at Portsea in England on 1st May 1821. He was South Australian premier for several periods between 1860 and 1870 and helped found the Bank of Adelaide. None of his ministries lasted more than 18 months and the shortest in October 1868 lasted only 20 days. A believer in the exploration of Australia's outback, Ayers Rock was named after him by explorer W.C. Grosse during his explorations in 1873. He died on 11th June 1897, aged 76.
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"Bacon, Wendy",25,"e\5\wbacon.jpg","c","0"
(1946- )
\IPolitical activist and journalist who was refused admission to the bar and banned from an ABC current affairs show as 'unsuitable'.\i
Born and educated in Melbourne, Wendy Bacon studied history at the University of Melbourne before moving to Sydney and becoming a member of the anti-authoritarian group, the Libertarians. At the University of New South Wales in the early 1960s, she was editor of the student newspaper \ITharunka\i where she became known for left wing political activity and published authors such as Frank Hardy and Frank Moorhouse, directly challenging censorship laws. She was twice gaoled on charges of obscenity. She later helped to form the Prisoners' Action Group and Women Behind Bars.
In the early 1970s she was active in the Builders' Labourers Federation green ban movement. In 1975, now an active member of the women's movement, she began studying law; after her graduation she was refused admission to the bar (and thus barred from practising as a barrister) on the grounds of past minor offences such as standing bail for a defendant who later absconded. She moved into the area of journalism and in 1983 joined the \INational Times,\i where her hard hitting investigations included exposure of police and political corruption. She also worked for SBS television.
\IWriter of short stories and of novels including Homesickness (1980).\i
Born in Adelaide, Murray Bail has travelled extensively overseas and lived in several countries including England where he wrote for literary journals. His first collection of short stories, \IContemporary Portraits and Other Stories,\i was published in 1975. His novel \IHomesickness\i (1980), which won both the National Book Council and the \IAge\i Book of the Year awards, was followed by \IHolden's Performance\i (1987). He is a modernist writer, seeing fiction not just as a representation of life and a form of social comment but as an artefact in itself that allows the exploration of the relationship between language and writing. Therefore, while some of his stories are conventional in style, others employ non realistic forms such as surrealism. \JPatrick White\j has described him as 'a visual writer with great understanding of sensual man'.
\ILooking Good\i reporter, Jo Bailey, made her debut on television when she featured as a model on \ISale Of The Century\i in March 1991. She quickly moved on to co-host the show with Glenn Ridge for nearly three years.
Television wasn't Jo's first career choice when she left school in 1988 after completing the VCE. Jo studied as an undergraduate auditor at a major accounting firm in Melbourne for two years, leaving at the end of 1990. She then went on to study marketing at Swinburn Institute while modelling part-time. Modelling commitments soon turned into a full-time occupation for Jo.
Jo plays tennis socially and attends aerobics 3-4 times a week. Jo is an avid supporter of the Royal Guide Dog Association of Victoria and volunteers her time to assist with fundraising and awareness projects. She is also a member of the Royal Children's Hospital fundraising committee.
Jo and her family are keen football fans, following the Carlton football team (Melbourne) which her husband, Steve Silvagni, plays for.
\IThis information and photograph supplied courtesy TCN Channel Nine Pty Ltd.\i
\BDescription:\b Jo Bailey \I(TCN Channel Nine Pty Ltd)\i.
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"Bailey, Joh",28,"e\5\johbaile.jpg","c","0"
What does Elle Macherson, Carolina Herrera, Judy Davis, Dame Edna, Don Lane, Deni and Marcia Hines, Rachel Hunter, Annita Keating, Carla Zampatti, Charlotte Dawson, Leona Edmiston, Peter Morrissey, Harry M. Miller, James Blundell, Jon Stevens, Peta Toppano and Ros Packer all have in common?
They are among the vast clientele of Joh Bailey Hairdressers.
The Joh Bailey name today goes far beyond the first premises established 10 years ago.
Eight months after completing his apprenticeship, Joh Bailey joined Marilyn Koch, a client, in a partnership to establish a salon in a small space above a boutique in Double Bay, Sydney.
Soon after, as a result of good service and good hairdressing, the salon was forced to move into larger premises to accommodate the rapidly growing clientele.
1989 saw the official opening of the Joh Bailey Double Bay flagship salon. The clientele was rapidly expanding from east to north, to west, country and many from Melbourne.
In 1993, through demand, Joh Bailey Hairdresser's Melbourne salon was opened in South Yarra's prestigious Como Gaslight Gardens. Again, resulting in instant success.
In 1995, Sydney welcomed the Chifley Plaza. This elite complex with a Manhattan feel is situated in the heart of the central business district, accommodating salon number three.
Joh Bailey Hairdressers, Chifley Plaza is alongside Tiffany & Co, Max Mara, Kenzo and Bottego Veneta, putting this hairdressing empire on an international level, accommodating a more corporate client from Sydney's CBD.
All three salons have been designed to give nothing less than the best. This successful recipe does not stop within the three salons.
The familiar gold "crown" is attached to the styling credits on various Harry M. Miller productions, \IM. Butterfly\i and \IJesus Christ Superstar.\i
Regular makeovers appear on the \IMidday Show\i and in various women's magazines. Joh is frequently referred to as the "Magical Makeover Man".
Advertising campaign credits include Morrissey and Edmiston and Trent Nathan as well as constant magazine editorials ranging from \IVogue\i to \IWho Weekly\i to \IElle\i to \IRolling Stone\i to ....
Joh Bailey also appears monthly as "Grooming" Editor for the men's lifestyle publication, \IOutrage.\i
Services range from all facets of hairdressing, make up, make up lessons, manicures, pedicures, eyelash tinting, eyebrow shaping and tinting.
\IThis information and photograph supplied courtesy of Harry M. Miller & Co. Management.\i
\BDescription:\b Joh Bailey \I(Harry M. Miller & Co. Management)\i.
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"Bainbridge, Merril",29,"e\5\mbain.jpg","c","0"
Merril Bainbridge came to our attention in 1995 when she released her debut single \IMouth.\i A radio station in Adelaide gave the song a play,- the rest is history! Three months later - a number one single nationally for 6 consecutive weeks.
Between her calmly expressive vocals and impeccable ear for the unusual, Australian singer/songwriter Merril Bainbridge is quietly assembling an astonishing debut album.
Drawing a little from Tori Amos, Juliana Hatfield and Karen Carpenter, Bainbridge displays one of the most unusual and persuasive female vocals yet to emerge in the 90s.
Coming from relatively middle class background, she currently lives in the Melbourne inner city suburb of Fitzroy, and has spent the last two years writing and refining her solid musical ability, determined to be a woman in complete control of her future.
It was partly this attitude that first caught the attention of Gotham Records' Ross Fraser. The Gotham philosophy is that an artist should be totally involved in the entire process, of making a record, from writing to mixing and production. Merril Bainbridge had submitted an interesting collection of acoustic tracks comprising only the vocals and guitar, which was more than enough to impress.
Like many songwriters, Merril Bainbridge derives from personal experience, but by adding a twist. What results is a quirky romantic mysticism for the everyday.
From her debut single \IMouth\i with its vocal percussion and straight forward Iyric, to her sensitive acoustic treatment of the Pet Shop Boys' \IBeing Boring,\i her strong, beautiful vocals enliven the soul of the song.
Merril Bainbridge is focused, her Iyrics personable and quirky, the melodies eccentric enough to entice and simple enough to be catchy. These qualities and her emotional fearlessness make her a musical treasure.
\IThis information and photograph supplied courtesy of BMG Australia Limited.\i
\BDescription:\b Merril Bainbridge \I(BMG Australia Limited)\i.
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"Baker, Sidney John",30,"0","g","0"
(1912-76)
\IJournalist, linguist and writer whose book The Australian Language (1945) renewed interest in Australian English as a subject for academic study.\i
Sidney Baker was born in New Zealand and was educated at Victoria University, Wellington. While visiting England in the 1930s his interest in language was stimulated by comments on the way he spoke. He published \INew Zealand Slang\i in 1940 and \IDictionary of Australian Slang\i in 1941. \IThe Australian Language\i (1945) was his major work and has remained a basic source text on the Australian language. He continued his research, although suffering from multiple sclerosis, and published a revised edition of the book in 1966. His work was influenced by H.L. Mencken's study of American English, his main area of interest being colloquial language and its relationship to national culture.
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"Baker-Finch, Ian Michael",31,"e\5\ianbaker.jpg","c","0"
(1960- )
\IGolfer who won the British Open in 1991.\i
Born in Nambour, Queensland, Baker-Finch first turned professional in 1979. He had his first major professional tournament win with the New Zealand Open in 1983. In 1984 he won the New South Wales Open, in 1985 the Victorian Open and the Scandinavian Enterprise Open, in 1988 the Australian Masters and in 1990 the Four Tours World Championship in Japan. The highlight of his career was winning the British Open in 1991. In 1992 Ian won The Vines Classic and in 1993 he won the Ford Australian PGA.
\BDescription:\b Ian Baker-Finch \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
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"Balderstone, Sir James Schofield",32,"e\5\jbalder.jpg","c","0"
(1921- )
\IGrazier and company director who is chairman of the AMP Society.\i
Born and educated in Melbourne, Balderstone became chairman of the AMP Society in 1990, having been a director since 1971. He also became chairman of the Chase AMP Bank in 1990. From 1984 to 1989 he was chairman of BHP, of which he had been a director since 1971. His many other directorships have been with pastoral companies, banks and mineral development companies, and he has been a member of the Australian Meat Board and the Export Development Council. Regarded as one of the leading members of Australia's business community, he was knighted in 1983 and in 1992 was appointed AC.
\BDescription:\b Sir James Balderstone \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
#
"Bancks, Jimmy",33,0,g,0
(1889-1952)
Jimmy Bancks, Australian newspaper cartoonist who created \IGinger Meggs,\i was born in the Sydney suburb of Enmore on 10th May 1889. He left school at 14 and became a lift driver. He submitted his first cartoon to the \IComic Australian\i in 1913 and joined the \IBulletin\i a year later. He created Ginger in 1921 and this cartoon made its debut on Sunday 13th November in Sydney's \ISunday Sun,\i and was known as æUs Fellers.Æ Bancks has had his work carried on by a number of contemporaries, the latest being GingerÆs fourth foster father, James Kemsley, from Bowral in the Southern Highlands of New South Wales. In October 1997, Ginger Meggs became the first Australian comic strip to appear in a London daily newspaper. Bancks died from a heart attack at his Hornsby home in Sydney, aged 63, on 1st July 1952.
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"Bandler, (Ida Lessing) Faith",34,"0","g","0"
(1918- )
\IAuthor who co founded the Aboriginal Australian Fellowship, the work of which culminated in the passing of the 1967 referendum on Aboriginal citizenship.\i
Faith Bandler was born in Murwillumbah, New South Wales, the daughter of a Hebridean Islander father who was brought to Australia by 'blackbirders' in 1883. She came to prominence as an Aboriginal rights campaigner in 1956 when she co-founded the Aboriginal Australian Fellowship, which lobbied for a federal referendum to remove legal discrimination against Aborigines. The 1967 referendum achieved a 92 per cent popular vote in favour of giving the Commonwealth the power to legislate on Aboriginal matters and to have Aborigines included in the national census.
In the 1970s she continued to work as an activist for Aboriginal rights and published the award winning biography \IWacvie\i (1978) which dealt with her father's life and co authored, with Len Fox, \IMarani in Australia\i (1980). She was New South Wales state secretary (1962-70) and general secretary (1970-73) of the Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders, in the foundation of which she had been a key figure. Her \IPersonal History\i of this body was published in 1989. In recent years, she has concentrated on working for rights for her own people, Australians of South Sea Islander descent.
#
"Barnard, Lance",35,0,g,0
(1919-97)
Lance Barnard, former Labor Deputy Prime Minister of Australia, was born Lance Herbert Barnard in Launceston, Tasmania on 1st May 1919. He started out as a teacher and served in the Middle East during WWII, leaving the army as a Lieutenant. He entered politics in the seat of Bass in 1954 and stayed until 1975. The seat had previously been held by his father Claude, a Chifley Government minister between 1934 and 1949. Barnard served as Deputy Prime Minister and Defence Minister under Gough Whitlam, and was responsible for pulling Australian troops out of Vietnam.
At one time he held 14 cabinet portfolios for three weeks after the 1972 election victory, which was labelled the "two man dictatorship". In 1975, after a falling out with Whitlam and being replaced by Dr Jim Cairns he resigned, and was appointed Ambassador to Sweden, Norway and Finland. In his later life, he worked in Tasmania helping with education and training programs. Lance Barnard married his wife Jill Denise Carstairs on 11th September 1962 and had one son (Nicholas) and three daughters (Patricia, Suzanne and Jacqueline). He died in a Melbourne hospital on the 6th August 1997, aged 78.
\IAuthor who, with Flora Eldershaw, wrote novels under the pseudonym M. Barnard Eldershaw.\i
Marjorie Barnard was born in Sydney. After graduating with honours in history from the University of Sydney, she worked as a librarian, also devoting long periods to full-time writing. She published five novels in collaboration with Flora Eldershaw whom she had met at university. The first of these was \IA House is Built\i (1929) and the last \ITomorrow and Tomorrow\i (1947), which was published in an uncensored form for the first time in 1983 with its full title, \ITomorrow and Tomorrow and Tomorrow.\i This was seen by Barnard as her major work, a 'dramatisation of the forces at work in our society'. Apart from her work with Eldershaw, Marjorie Barnard was a prolific writer of short stories and historical works, including \IA History of Australia\i (1959), and was a noted reviewer and literary critic. Her review of \JPatrick White\j's novels in the literary journal \IMeanjin\i in 1956 was one of the first in-depth analyses of his work by an Australian.
Denis Barritt, Northern Territory magistrate, was born at Woods Point in Victoria on 11th August 1926, the son of a policeman (who died when Denis was a young boy). He served in the RAAF during WWII and later joined the Victorian police force, becoming Senior Detective Sergeant. He studied law part time, became a barrister in 1965, and practised at the bar until 1978, when he was appointed magistrate in Alice Springs.
He came to fame in 1980 when he heard the case against Lindy and Michael Chamberlain and decided that their baby Azaria had been taken by a dingo and then disposed of by a person or persons unknown. He always remained convinced of the Chamberlains' innocence. He died at his Gippsland home on 14th February 1997, aged 70.
#
"Barry, Sir Redmond",38,0,g,0
(1813-80)
Judge Sir Redmond Barry, was born at Ballyclough, County Cork, Ireland on 7th June 1813. During the voyage to Australia in 1839, his affair with a married woman on board saw him confined to his cabin. He is best known for the trial of Ned Kelly's mother and then Ned himself. Ned told the judge he would see him in hell. He died, aged 67, on 23rd November 1880, 12 days after Kelly was hanged. When he sentenced Kelly to hang, Kelly said "I will meet you there". Barry was the first Chancellor of Melbourne University and founded the Melbourne Public Library.
#
"Barton, Sir Edmund",39,"e\5\king0086.jpg","c","0"
(1849-1920)
\IFirst prime minister of Australia 1901-03.\i
Edmund Barton, born in Sydney, became one of the early graduates of the University of Sydney. He practised as a lawyer before entering the Legislative Assembly in 1879, becoming speaker in 1883. The economic depression of the early 1890s confirmed his commitment to the idea of a national government which could apply Australia-wide solutions to such problems as defence and trade policy. He was a leading figure at the federal conventions held during the 1890s and toured New South Wales promoting popular support for Federation. He was also a key figure in drafting the federal bill.
After the first federal election in 1901 Barton was able to form a government; he was sworn in as Australia's first prime minister and the minister for external affairs. During his term, much of the new federal machinery of government was put in place. He retired from office in September 1903 after having been appointed a justice of the High Court. He remained on the bench until his death, ruling on the constitutional validity of much of the early federal legislation and generally judging so as to promote a balance between federal and state power. He was knighted in 1902.
\BDescription:\b Sir Edmund Barton \I(Jonathan King)\i
#
"Barwick, Sir Garfield Edward John",40,"e\5\gbarwick.jpg","c","0"
(1903-97)
\IFederal Liberal politician and chief justice of the High Court of Australia 1964-81.\i
Born in Sydney, Garfield Barwick was educated at the University of Sydney where he won the University Medal in law. He was called to the New South Wales bar in 1927 and later to the Victorian and Queensland bars. Having practised law in all three states and been knighted in 1953, he entered the federal parliament in 1958, representing the seat of Parramatta. Prime Minister Menzies appointed him attorney general nine months later. He held this portfolio until 1964, from 1961 also serving as minister for external affairs. In this position he acted to strengthen the American alliance, supported Australia's involvement in the Vietnam War and negotiated with the United States for the erection of the naval communications system at North West Cape, Western Australia.
He retired in 1964 to become chief justice of the High Court. During his time in this role the Court's decisions tended to favour the strengthening of federal government powers vis a vis those of the states. Barwick's decisions in tax cases have been used to argue that he allowed tax avoidance to continue unchecked. He also played a part in the 1975 constitutional crisis when he advised Sir \JJohn Kerr\j on the governor-general's constitutional power to dismiss a prime minister. Other public offices included being the first chancellor of Macquarie University in Sydney. He retired in 1981 and was appointed AK.
Sir Garfield Barwick died in July 1997, three weeks after his 94th birthday.
\BDescription:\b Sir Garfield Barwick \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i.
#
"Bass, George",41,0,g,0
(1771-1803)
George Bass, explorer and doctor, was born at Aswarby in England on 30th January 1771. He explored the Australian coastline with Matthew Flinders. Bass Strait was named after George Bass. On 8th October 1880, he married Elizabeth Waterhouse, sister of the Captain of the \IReliance,\i on which he and Flinders had sailed. On 9th January 1801, after only three months of marriage, he sailed for Sydney and never saw his wife again. He sailed for Chile on 5th February 1803 aboard the \IVenus\i which was loaded with goods for sale in South America. However, neither he nor the 25-man crew were ever seen again, and they were believed lost at sea; however, others believed he was captured by Spaniards and put to work in silver mines. He was aged 32.
#
"Bate-Holt, Dame Zara",42,0,g,0
(1909-89)
Dame Zara Bate-Holt, widow of missing, presumed drowned, Prime Minister Harold Holt, was born Zara Kate Dickens in Melbourne on 10th March 1909 and educated at Ruyton and Toorak Colleges. She had been married three times, first to English army officer James Fell whom she met on an overseas trip in 1935 and lived for a time in India. They had three sons, Nick and twins Andrew and Sam, who took their step-father's surname after she married Harold Holt at her mother's home on 8th October 1946.
Holt disappeared in the surf at Portsea in Victoria on 17th December 1967, aged 59. In 1968, she was honoured by Queen Elizabeth by becoming a Dame Commander of the British Empire for her community services. She married her last husband, Jeff Bate, a former MP and farmer at Tilba Tilba on 18th February 1969. Jeff Bate died in 1984. She became famous in her own right for her Maxwell House Coffee television commercials. Dame Zara's memoirs were titled \IMy Life With Harold,\i and published in 1968. She died in her sleep on Queensland's Gold Coast on 14th June 1989, aged 80.
#
"Bates, Daisy May",43,"e\5\dbates.jpg","c","0"
(1863-1951)
\ISocial worker and anthropologist, noted for her work with Aborigines.\i
Born in Ireland with the maiden name of O'Dwyer Hunt, she migrated to Australia in 1884 for health reasons. She returned to London in 1894 after an unhappy marriage and worked there as a journalist. In 1899 the \ITimes\i sent her back to Australia to investigate reports of ill treatment of Aborigines. Thus began her work among the Aborigines. She studied languages, legends, rites and kinship systems, living with various groups in Western Australia and from 1919 to 1945 occupying a tent at various settlements on the edge of the Nullarbor Plain, notably at Ooldea, South Australia. There she was a well known figure to passengers on the transcontinental train, always dressed in Edwardian clothes. She was given the name of 'Kabbarli' (grandmother, wise woman, friend) and acted as nurse, counsellor and benefactor.
Daisy Bates' many hundreds of articles were not given a high rating by the anthropological profession but showed a sensitive identification with Aboriginal problems and led to some government assistance. However, her attitude has received some criticism in recent times as being patronising, her actions, though well intentioned, being of the kind that hindered the development of more effective and wide ranging welfare programs. Her semi-autobiographical book, \IThe Passing of the Aborigine,\i was written with the help of Ernestine Hill and published in 1938.
\IPioneer settler who explored the Port Phillip area and is considered one of the co-founders of Melbourne.\i
Batman was born at Rose Hill (now Parramatta), New South Wales, the son of a convict father. He was apprenticed to a Sydney blacksmith but when his master was hanged (on his evidence) he turned to farming and in 1821 went to live in Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania) as a grazier. There he gained fame when he secured the surrender of the bushranger \JMatthew Brady\j. In 1834 Batman with fourteen others formed the Port Phillip Association with the aim of searching for grazing land on the mainland.
He sailed to Port Phillip in 1835 and explored the lower part of the Yarra River including the present site of Melbourne, about which he made the much quoted remark: 'this will be a place for a village'. As agent for the Port Phillip Association he signed a 'treaty' with eight Wurundjeri men whom he referred to as chiefs. He 'bought' 650,000 acres in exchange for blankets, knives, mirrors, axes and trinkets and a yearly rental. In April 1836 Batman settled there with his wife and family. A few months before this, another group, led by John Pascoe Fawkner, had settled in the area. Batman and Pascoe are considered the co founders of Melbourne. Soon after settling there, Batman became ill and died. He was regarded as an adventurer by the British government and his 'treaty' was declared void by Governor Bourke who claimed the land in question for the Crown.
\BDescription:\b John Batman \I(Jonathan King)\i
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"Bean, Charles Edwin Woodrow",45,"e\5\mrbean.jpg","c","0"
(1879-1968)
\IJournalist and historian who wrote Australia's official World War I history.\i
C.E.W. Bean was born in Bathurst, New South Wales, and educated in England where he studied classics and then law at Oxford. On his return to Australia he was admitted to the New South Wales bar. In 1908 he left the practice of law and joined the \ISydney Morning Herald\i as a journalist. He travelled the outback, writing perceptive articles on rural conditions and outback life for the \IHerald\i which were later compiled in several books, including \IOn the Wool Track\i (1910), deemed a classic account of outback life. From 1910 to 1913 he was the Herald's London correspondent.
In World War I Bean accompanied the AIF as official press correspondent. He landed at Gallipoli with the Australian troops on 25 April 1915 and stayed at the front line throughout the campaign. This earned him the respect of the troops, among whom he had earlier been unpopular because of his censorious reports on their riotous behaviour prior to leaving Egypt. He then was with the AIF in France until the end of the war. In 1919 he was appointed official war historian by the Australian government and returned to Gallipoli to do research. The twelve volumes of his \IOfficial History of Australia in the War of 1914-18\i were produced over the next 23 years, with Bean writing six volumes himself and supervising the others. They are of a high standard within the official history genre and reveal his own intense and proud patriotism. The \IHistory\i played a substantial part in propagating the Anzac legend as the symbol and source of Australian national pride.
\BDescription:\b Charles Bean \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
#
"Beazley, Kim Christian",46,"e\5\kbeasley.jpg","c","0"
Kim Beazley has served in the Federal Parliament since 1980, when he won the Perth metropolitan seat of Swan in a general election.
On 11 March 1983 in the first Hawke Labor Government, Beazley became Minister for Aviation and Minister Assisting the Minister for Defence. He was the youngest member of the Ministry at the time of his appointments. He held both positions until he was sworn in as Defence Minister on 13 December 1984.
Kim Beazley was the youngest Australian Defence Minister ever, and the sixth Western Australian to hold the position.
He also served as the Special Minister of State from 14 July 1983 until 21 January 1984.
On 15 February 1988, Beazley was appointed leader of the House of Representatives and Vice-President of the Executive Council. He resigned his position as Vice-President of the Executive Countil in February 1991.
The Hawke Government was re-elected on 24 March 1990, and on 3 April 1990, Beazley was appointed Minister for Transport and Communications. He served in this portfolio until December 1991. He was then appointed as Minister for Finance and administered this portfolio for the period 9-27 December 1991. He then became Minister for Employment, Education and Training and remained in this position until December 1993 when he was re-appointed to the Finance portfolio. Beazley was nominated by his ALP colleagues to the appointment of Deputy Prime Minister on 20 June 1995.
Following the March 1996 Federal election, Kim Beazley was appointed Opposition Leader.
\IThis information and photo supplied courtesy of the Office of the Leader of the Opposition\i
\BDescription:\b Kim Beazley \I(Office of the Leader of the Opposition)\i
#
"Beckwith, Peter",47,0,g,0
(1941-90)
Peter Beckwith, Australian executive and former managing director and chief executive of Alan Bond's Bond Corporation, was born in Melbourne on 27th October 1941. He joined the Bond Corporation in 1969, was appointed to the board in 1975, and became managing director in 1982.
He was known as the Ten Million Dollar Man after Bond paid him $10 million in October 1987 as part of a $41.5 million package for six executives who gave undertakings not to work in any opposition company. He is survived by his wife Valerie and three children. He died at his luxury Perth mansion on 23rd July 1990, aged 48, following treatment for a brain tumour.
#
"Beetson, Arthur (Artie)",48,"e\5\abeetson.jpg","c","0"
(1945-)
\IRugby League footballer noted as a forward.\i
Born in Roma, Queensland, Beetson moved from the Brisbane competition to the Sydney competition in 1966, and played for Australia the same year. A powerful forward, he captained Eastern Suburbs and led them to premiership wins in 1974 and 1975. He also captained the Australian World Series teams of 1975 and 1977. He is currently the coach of Cronulla Sutherland.
John Bell, Australian fashion industry guru, was born on a dairy farm at Denmark, south of Perth in 1949. Following the death of his father in 1960, he ran the family's dairy farm before heading to Perth. He started out in the fashion industry as a stockroom boy with Perth fashion house Le Roy, and played Australian Rules football with East Perth. Bell was responsible for the Australian franchise of the Esprit label of clothing in Australia and employed over 200 people.
In 1991, he formed the Esprit Cares Trust to assist homeless youth, and supported environmental work which earnt him a high public profile. He died in a spa-bath in the backyard of his Richmond home in Melbourne on 27th September 1993, aged 44.
#
"Bellear, Robert",50,0,g,0
(1945- )
Robert Bellear, Australia's first Aboriginal judge to sit on the bench of the NSW District Court, was born in northern New South Wales in 1945. He joined the Navy in 1961, serving for seven years and is the only Aborigine to reach the rank of petty officer. While having social drinks in Redfern, NSW, he saw Aborigines being mistreated by the police and set about studying to become a lawyer.
He obtained his Higher School Certificate at the age of 27, completed law at the University of NSW in 1979, and the same year was admitted to the bar. He helped Northern Territory Aborigines win land claims, and from 1987 to 1990 was Counsel for the Royal Commission into Aboriginal deaths in custody. In 1991, he was appointed a NSW Public defender, and on 5th May 1996 he became Australia's first Aboriginal judge.
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"Bennelong",51,"e\6\r7012.jpg","c","0"
(?-1813)
\IAborigine captured by \JGovernor Phillip\j and taken to England.\i
\JBennelong\j, along with another Aborigine known as Colebee, was captured on the orders of \JGovernor Phillip\j in 1789 as part of a plan to persuade Aborigines of the benefits of European civilisation. Both escaped, \JBennelong\j in mid 1790, and both were present at the incident at Manly when Phillip was speared while trying to make contact with a group of Aborigines. However, \JBennelong\j returned to Sydney Cove with his family later that year and Phillip built a hut for him on the site now named after him on which stands the Sydney Opera House. In December 1792 he sailed with Phillip to England where he was presented to King George III and where he suffered from cold and homesickness. On his return to Australia in 1795 he was isolated by lack of acceptance by both the Aboriginal and European communities. He was killed in a tribal fight in 1813.
\BDescription:\b Bennelong \I(RAHS)\i
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"Birch, Ric",52,0,g,0
(1945- )
Ric Birch, major events entertainment organiser, was born in Melbourne on 20th January 1945. He worked in Australian TV for a number of years before being appointed to organise the opening and closing ceremonies for the 1982 Brisbane Commonwealth Games. He was subsequently hired to do the same job for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic games.
He also worked with Brisbane's Expo '88 and in 1990 directed the Singapore Silver Jubilee celebrations. He then moved to Barcelona for the 1992 Olympic Games and directed the Australian presentation at the closing of the 1996 Atlanta Olympics. He is charged with organising the opening and closing ceremonies for the Sydney 2000 Olympics.
#
"Bishop, Bronwyn",53,0,g,0
(1943- )
Bronwyn Bishop, Australian Liberal Party Senator, was born Bronwyn Setright in Sydney on 19th October 1943. She is the daughter of engineer Tom Setright and Kathleen Congreve, who was a dramatic soprano with the Sydney Opera. After studying law, she became a solicitor in 1967, then a politician in the 1980s, and served as New South Wales president of the Liberal Party from 1985 until 1987.
She came to fame in 1992 when she had a brawl with the then Commissioner of Taxation, Trevor Boucher, at a bipartisan inquiry. After the 1993 Federal election, she was left out of John Hewson's shadow cabinet and subsequently announced her intention to obtain a seat in the Lower House. She is divorced from Sydney solicitor Alan Bishop and has two daughters Angela (1968) and Sally (1970). Her brother is popular Australian naturopath, Russell Setright.
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"Bjelke-Petersen, Lady Flo",54,0,g,0
(1920- )
Lady Flo Bjelke-Petersen, former Australian Senator and wife of former Queensland premier Joh Bjelke-Petersen, was born Florence Isobel Gilmour in Brisbane on 11th August 1920. She attended Brisbane Girls Grammar School and married Sir Joh on 31st May 1952; they have one son and two daughters. On 18th October 1980, she was elected to the Federal Senate, and proved a successful Senator up until she retired in 1993. She is renowned for her homemade pumpkin scones.
#
"Bjelke-Petersen, Sir Johannes",55,"e\6\sirjohn.jpg","c","0"
(1911-)
\INational Party politician who was premier of Queensland 1968-87.\i
Born in New Zealand, Joh \JBjelke-Petersen\j came to Queensland with his family as a child and became a successful beef and peanut farmer at Kingaroy. In 1947 he entered the Queensland parliament as the Country Party (now National Party) member for Nanango. After the Country Party-Liberal coalition gained power in 1957 he was minister for works and housing 1963-68; in 1968 he became leader of the party and premier following the death of Jack Pizzey. Aided by an electoral gerrymander, \JBjelke-Petersen\j's government was able to achieve decisive victories over the Labor Party in successive elections. His government was the only instance in Australia of a conservative coalition with the National Party as the dominant partner. In 1983 the Nationals gained the numbers to govern alone. \JBjelke-Petersen\j was knighted in 1984.
\JBjelke-Petersen\j's policies were extremely conservative, exemplified by his lack of support for Aboriginal land rights or conservation issues, attacks on the union movement and the declaration of a state of emergency to curb the actions of demonstrators during the 1971 South African Rugby Union tour. He strongly supported development and states' rights. Outspoken in his denunciation of the 'evils' of socialism, and thus of the Labor Party, he played a leading and, in the opinion of many, unworthy role in the events leading up to the dismissal of the Whitlam Labor government in 1975. In 1986 he began a drive to take his hard line conservative policies to the federal scene. The 'Joh for \JCanberra\j' campaign, backed by the 'New Right' group, succeeded in dividing the federal Liberal-National coalition and undermined the position of the federal National Party leader, Ian Sinclair. However, the sudden calling of an early election in July 1987 revealed the campaign as unorganised and lacking strong nationwide support. \JBjelke-Petersen\j withdrew from the campaign. His standing was seen to have been adversely affected in the strong swing to Labor in Queensland seats in the election.
Later in 1987, amid increasing claims of corruption at police, judicial and government level during his administration, \JBjelke-Petersen\j was forced to resign as National Party leader and premier in favour of Mike Ahern. While his attention had been diverted by the \JCanberra\j campaign, moves for a commission of enquiry into police and other misconduct had gone ahead. The report of the enquiry, headed by Tony Fitzgerald, was tabled in the Queensland parliament in 1989 and led to charges being laid against many of \JBjelke-Petersen\j's colleagues. He himself was charged on several counts and was eventually tried in 1991 for only one of these - that of perjury before the commission. After the jury in the trial was unable to reach a verdict, the charge was dropped.
His wife, Lady Florence Bjelke Petersen (1920-), was elected to the Senate in 1981 and in 1985 became deputy leader of the National Party in the Senate.
\BDescription:\b Sir Joh Bjelke-Peterson \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
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"Blackburn, Sir Charles Bickerton",56,"0","g","0"
(1874-1972)
\IPhysician and long serving chancellor of the University of Sydney.\i
Born in England, Blackburn migrated to South Australia with his family in 1881. He graduated in arts from the University of Adelaide and in medicine from the University of Sydney in 1899, gaining his doctorate in 1903. Blackburn maintained a lifelong association with the University of Sydney as a lecturer in clinical medicine 1916-34, dean of medicine 1932-35, member of the Senate, deputy chancellor in 1939 and chancellor from 1941 until retirement at the age of 90. He also had a private physician's practice, was a consultant at several Sydney hospitals and held office on many medical committees, including the Ethics Committee of the New South Wales branch of the British (Australian) Medical Association which he chaired from 1921-72. In 1930 he became a founding councillor of the Association of Physicians of Australasia, being president 1933-35 and 1937-38, and the founding president of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians. He was knighted in 1936.
#
"Blacket, Edmund Thomas",57,"e\6\eblacket.jpg","c","0"
(1817-83)
\IArchitect noted for his many churches and the original buildings of the University of Sydney, especially the Great Hall.\i
Born in England and trained as an architect, \JEdmund Blacket\j migrated to Australia in 1842 where he started a private practice. He was commissioned by Bishop Broughton to design many churches and in 1849 was appointed colonial architect of New South Wales. In 1854 he left this service to begin work on the University of Sydney, which he designed in the Gothic revival style. The renown of this work brought him many new clients and he became Sydney's leading architect.
He designed schools, banks, hospitals, commercial buildings and homes, but his greatest interest was in churches and it is for these, as well as the University of Sydney, that he is most remembered. His work includes St Andrews Cathedral, Sydney, and the Sydney Anglican churches of All Saints, Woollahra, St Philips, Church Hill, St Johns, Darlinghurst, and St Marks, Darling Point. The designs of St Saviours Cathedral, Goulburn, and St Georges Cathedral, Perth, are also his. In these structures Blacket kept strictly to the Gothic genre, basing his work on amalgamations of textbook Gothic designs rather than attempting originality. Blacket's sons, Cyril and Arthur, also became well known architects.
\BDescription:\b Sir Edmund Blacket \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
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"Blackman, Charles Raymond",58,"e\6\cblack.jpg","c","0"
(1928- )
\IArtist noted for his figure paintings of children.\i
Charles Blackman was born in Sydney and studied art at East Sydney Technical College before working as an artist on the Sydney \ISun.\i After travelling widely through the bush of eastern Australia he settled in Melbourne where, in 1953, his first one man exhibition on the subject 'Schoolgirls' caused some controversy. His work is characterised by simple shapes, often no more than silhouettes, boldly coloured and large scale, as in \ISuite of Paintings\i (1960). Blackman travelled and exhibited in Europe in the early 1960s, returning to Australia in 1966. His work is represented in the Australian \JNational Gallery\j, all Australian state galleries, the MusΘe d'Art Moderne, Paris, and several galleries in Britain and the United States.
\BDescription:\b Charles Blackman \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
#
"Blackmore, Maurice Charles Hewlett",59,"e\6\blackmor.jpg","c","0"
(1906-77)
\IPioneer naturopath who produced a well known range of vitamin and mineral tablets.\i
Born in England, Blackmore migrated to Brisbane in 1923 and worked in various labouring jobs before hearing a lecture by a chiropractor and herbalist, Frederic Roberts, which changed the course of his life. He became Roberts' representative in Rockhampton, and in 1934 opened his own naturopathic rest home there. He set up practices in other Queensland towns and in 1938 settled in Brisbane, opening a health food store in Fortitude Valley. After World War II he developed a range of mineral remedies, believing most human disease to be due to mineral deficiency.
In 1951 he published and distributed a booklet, \IFood Remedies,\i which in addition to promoting a natural diet attacked the competence of the medical profession. He was then accused in the Queensland parliament of having no orthodox qualifications and of having bought those he did have. But he received enough support, including that of future premier \JBjelke-Petersen\j, to overcome this and himself contributed to setting standards for naturopaths in Australia by organising the Australian National Naturopathic Association. He later established Blackmores Laboratories in Brisbane, then Sydney, to produce vitamin, mineral and herbal preparations. He retired in 1973 and his organisation was taken over by his son, Marcus.
\BDescription:\b Maurice Blackmore \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
\IHistorian one of whose themes is the geographical isolation of Australia.\i
Born in Melbourne, Geoffrey Blainey studied history at the University of Melbourne and then worked as a professional historian, writing the histories of companies and other institutions such as the National Bank of Australia. In 1962 he became a lecturer at Melbourne University and by 1968 was professor of economic history and by 1977 professor of history. Since 1988 he has been emeritus professor. He has published many historical works, the lively style of which has made them widely read. Among the best known are \IThe Rush that Never Ended\i (1963), on the gold rushes, and \IThe Tyranny of Distance\i (1966). The titles of both of these have become well known phrases. Blainey's main premise is that the major event in Australian history was the rising of the oceans after the occupation of the continent by the Aborigines. \IThe Tyranny of Distance,\i which deals with both Australia's distance from the rest of the world and the effect of geographical distance within Australia, has since been combined with two subsequent works to make a trilogy, \IA Vision of Australian History.\i
A past chairman of the Australia Council and commissioner of the Australian Heritage Commission, Blainey became most widely known in the 1980s for his views on the necessity of limiting immigration. His arguments are propounded in \IAll for Australia\i (1984). He was appointed AO in 1975.
"Blamey, Sir Thomas Albert",61,"e\6\tblamey.jpg","c","0"
(1884-1951)
\ISoldier who was a noted commander in World War II and became Australia's first field marshal in 1950.\i
Born near Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Blamey became a school teacher before joining the army in 1906. He rose through the ranks and when World War I began he joined the staff of the Australian 1st Division in Egypt. He served at Gallipoli in 1915 and was on the staff of the 2nd Division at the evacuation. Later in the war he became noted as chief of staff to \JSir John Monash\j, who was commander of the Australian Corps in France in 1918. Blamey held the rank of brigadier general at the end of the war. He retired from the army in 1925 and held a number of civilian appointments until the outbreak of World War II when he was appointed general officer commanding (GOC), 1st Australian Corps, then GOC of the AIF in the Middle East.
In 1942 he was recalled to Australia and became commander, Allied Land Forces, in the south west Pacific under United States general, Douglas Macarthur. The operations he commanded included the defeat of the Japanese on the Kokoda Trail and the recapture of Papua. He retired from the army after the end of the war, having represented Australia at the Japanese surrender, and was promoted field marshal in 1950. He was knighted in 1935.
\BDescription:\b Sir Thomas Blamey \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
#
"Bland, William",62,"e\6\wbland.jpg","c","0"
(1789-1868)
\IMedical practitioner active in gaining representative government for New South Wales.\i
William Bland was born in England. He trained in medicine and became a surgeon in the Royal Navy; while serving, he fought in a duel in which his opponent died. He was tried for murder and in 1813 sentenced to seven years transportation. Bland arrived in Sydney in 1814, was pardoned in 1815 and became Sydney's first full-time private medical practitioner. His practice was interrupted for a year in 1818 when he was gaoled for writing a verse lampooning \JGovernor Macquarie\j.
When the Australian Patriotic Association was founded by William Wentworth in 1835, Bland was appointed secretary and helped in drafting bills for a new, more representative constitution for New South Wales. This came into force in 1842 and, after a campaign of which the keynote was dissatisfaction with the extent of the changes, he and Wentworth were elected to represent Sydney. He held the seat until 1848, when he was defeated, and again for a while in 1849. From 1858 to 1861 he sat in the Legislative Council. Though nominated by Wentworth as a member of the first Senate of the University of Sydney, Bland was excluded on the grounds of his being an ex convict. He continued in medical practice and was the first president of the Australian Medical Association, established in 1859. He was also noted as a philanthropist, giving donations towards literary work and the building of a church and helping improve education in the colony by the establishment of a grammar school and by contributing to the founding of the Sydney School of Arts and the Mechanics' Institute.
\BDescription:\b William Bland \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
#
"Blass, Wolf",63,0,g,0
(1934- )
Wolf Blass, South Australian champion wine maker, was born in Germany on 2nd September 1934. He came to Australia and set up his vineyard and winery in the Barossa Valley of South Australia. He has won many awards, including Gold Medals at agricultural shows throughout Australia.
#
"Blaxland, Gregory",64,"0","g","0"
(1778-1853)
\IPioneer farmer and explorer of the \JBlue Mountains\j in New South Wales.\i
Born in England, Blaxland came to Australia as a free settler in 1806 and with his brother farmed land near the site of the present St Marys in New South Wales. In 1813, with \JWilliam Lawson\j and William Wentworth, he led an expedition across the Blue Mountains, the first known European crossing of the range. He is reputed to have originated the plan for finding a way across the mountains but this is uncertain. In later years he farmed in the Dundas area, assisted in the founding of the Agricultural Society and joined with others in leading a petition for trial by jury in the colony. He published \IJournal of a Tour of Discovery Across the Blue Mountains\i in 1823. A Blue Mountains township is name after him.
#
"Blencoe, Tanya",65,0,g,0
(1981- )
Tanya Blencoe, Sydney school girl, was born at Sutherland Hospital, Sydney on 30th October 1981, the daughter of Steve, a civil engineer, and Wendy. When she was 11 years old, Tanya was chosen as Australia's surprise weapon for the Sydney 2000 Olympic bid presentation on 23rd September 1993. She flew to Monaco and addressed the full IOC delegation in regard to the benefits of holding the Games in Sydney in the year 2000. Sydney defeated Beijing by 2 votes 45-43 to win the 2000 Olympic Games.
#
"Blight, John",66,bblue.jpg,g,0
(1913-95)
John Blight, Australian poet, was born in Adelaide on 30th July 1913 and was educated in Brisbane. During the Depression, he worked as a clerk, orchardist, miner, and swaggy while studying accountancy which he took up in 1939, the same year his first poem was published in the \IBulletin.\i He became a government cost accountant during WWII, later working for the timber industry and setting up his own mill, before retiring in 1968. His books include \IThe Old Pianist, The Two Suns Met, A Beachcomber's Dairy\i and \IMy Beachcombing Days.\i His \IBeachcomber's Diary\i won the 1964 National Myer Award and the 1965 Dame Mary Gilmour medal.
His other books written after he retired include \IHart\i and \ISelected Poems 1939-1975,\i which won the National Book Council Award in 1976 as well as the Patrick White and Grace Leven awards. In 1980, he won more awards for his \INew City Poems, Holiday Sea Sonnets\i and a 1992 edition of \ISelected Poems.\i He died in Queensland on 27th May 1995, aged 81. He was survived by his wife Beverley and two daughters.
#
"Blue, Billy",67,"e\6\bblue.jpg","c","0"
(1741?-1834)
\IBoatman who started the first ferry service to the north side of Sydney Harbour.\i
Billy Blue is thought to have been born in the West Indies; it is also possible that he was a North American Indian. He was transported to New South Wales in 1801 and became a boatman and water bailiff. In the latter position he kept a watch on boat traffic on Port Jackson from a special tower in which he lived. In 1817 \JGovernor Macquarie\j gave him a grant of land on the north side of the harbour in the area now known as Blues Point. His rowboat service for passengers and produce operated between here and Dawes Point. A charge of smuggling in 1818 caused him to lose his position as water bailiff but he, his wife Elizabeth and their family continued with the ferry service, building up a small fleet of boats. In admiration of this enterprise, \JGovernor Macquarie\j is said to have remarked jokingly: 'I shall have to make you the Commodore'. Blue was known as 'the Commodore' for the rest of his long life.
\BDescription:\b Billy Blue \I(Fairfax Photo Library).\i
#
"Boldrewood, Rolf (Thomas Alexander Browne)",68,"0","g","0"
(1826-1915)
\IWriter best known for the bushranging drama Robbery Under Arms.\i
Born in England, Browne accompanied his parents to Australia while a young child and was educated in Sydney. He became a pastoralist in Victoria and in the Riverina area of New South Wales before drought forced him from the land in 1871. He then held various positions as a police magistrate and goldfield commissioner. From the 1860s he published articles and short stories in weekly journals and a large number of novels, of which \IRobbery Under Arms,\i based largely on the stories of real life bushrangers, was the best written and most successful. This was published as a serial in the \ISydney Mail\i in 1882-83. It was first published in book form in London in 1888 and is considered one of the classics of Australian colonial literature. Almost all his works were published under the 'Rolf Boldrewood' pseudonym.
#
"Bolte, Sir Henry Edward",69,"e\6\hbolte.jpg","c","0"
(1908-90)
\ILiberal politician who was premier of Victoria 1955-72.\i
Born in \JBallarat\j, Victoria, of a farming family, Henry Bolte entered the Victorian parliament in 1947 as the Liberal member for Hampden. He held various portfolios in the 1948-50 government and became leader of the Liberal Party and leader of the opposition in 1953. After his party's electoral victory in 1955 he became premier and treasurer, remaining in office until his retirement in 1972. His domination of Victorian politics in those years was due both to his political astuteness and to the divisions within the Labor Party. His policies emphasised economic development rather than social reform and he worked hard to get the best financial deal for Victoria from the Commonweatlh. A conservative on social issues, he supported the decision to execute \JRonald Ryan\j and was strongly opposed to the abolition of capital punishment. However, his government granted some specific rights to Aborigines and fostered a great expansion in tertiary education in Victoria. He was knighted in 1966.
\BDescription:\b Sir Henry Bolte \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
#
"Bond, Alan",70,"e\6\abond.jpg","c","0"
(1938- )
\ICompany director noted for corporate takeovers during the 1980s.\i
Born in England, Bond was educated there and in Western Australia, where he came as a boy. He began his career as a signwriter. In 1959 he formed the company now known as the Bond Corporation Pty Ltd, of which he is chairman. Beginning with land speculation around Perth, he expanded his interests until in the 1980s they included brewing (the Swan Brewery), radio, television, property development and oil exploration. In 1977 he was made Australian of the Year and in 1983 was much in the public eye when he headed the syndicate that successfully challenged the America's Cup with the yacht \IAustralia II.\i In 1985 the Bond Corporation made a record takeover bid of $1200 million to gain control of the brewing group Castlemaine Tooheys Ltd.
Bond was one of the chief of the aggressive entrepreneurs who dominated the Australian business scene in the mid-1980s, with his wealth at one time estimated at $400 million. He was hailed by Prime Minister Hawke as a great Australian creator of wealth. In a grand show of 'conspicuous consumption' he paid $US54 million for \IIrises,\i a painting by Vincent Van Gogh. However, the ending of the economic boom in 1987 caused his fortunes to founder and in 1988-89 the Bond Corporation recorded a loss of $980 million. A receiver was appointed to Bond Brewing and in 1992 Bond himself was faced with court bankruptcy proceedings and a criminal charge of dishonesty in a business dealing. He consequently served time in prison.
In August 1996, Bond was found guilty of corporate fraud in a Western Australian court and sent to prison - for the second time - this time for three years. However, in August 1997, his sentence was extended to seven years.
\BDescription:\b Alan Bond \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
\ILiberal party politician who was the first Aborigine to be elected to the federal parliament (1971).\i
Bonner was born in Tweed Heads, New South Wales, had almost no formal education and worked as a bush labourer, stockman and carpenter. He lived for many years on Palm Island, near Cairns, Queensland, where he became the overseer of the Aboriginal settlement. From 1967 to 1973 he was president of the One People of Australia League (OPAL). He joined the Liberal Party in 1967 and in 1971 the party selected him to fill a Queensland casual Senate vacancy. Thus he became the first Aborigine in federal parliament. In 1983, having been put low down on the Liberal Senate ticket, he resigned from the Liberals and stood as an independent for the Senate but failed to win a seat. The new Labor government appointed him to the board of the ABC and he was appointed AO in 1984. Though sometimes seen as an 'Uncle Tom', he made substantial efforts on behalf of the Aboriginal people.
"Bottom, Robert Godier (Bob)",72,"e\6\bbottom.jpg","c","0"
(1943- )
\IInvestigative journalist whose work helped in revealing the extent of organised crime in Australia.\i
Born in Norwood, South Australia, and educated at \JBroken Hill\j, Bob Bottom worked as a reporter on various country newspapers, including the \IBarrier Daily Truth,\i and on the \IDaily\i and \ISunday Telegraph\i 1967-74. One of his reports in 1971 opened the investigations that led to the Moffitt Royal Commission of 1973-74 on organised crime in clubs. Another report in 1972 about Mafia operations in Sydney led to public summits on organised crime. He has since worked for the \IBulletin, Australian Business\i and the \IAge.\i In 1984 he supplied the \IAge\i with data on taped police telephone conversations relating to drug trafficking and police corruption. Publication of this material in the \IAge\i led to the 1985-86 Royal Commission headed by Justice Donald Stewart. Books published by Bob Bottom include \IThe Godfather in Australia\i (1979), \IWithout Fear or Favour\i (1984), \IConnections\i (1985) and \IInside Victoria\i (with others, 1991).
\BDescription:\b Bob Bottom \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
#
"Bowen, Sir Nigel",73,0,g,0
(1911-94)
Sir Nigel Bowen, former Australian Attorney General, minister for Foreign Affairs and Chief Justice of the High Court, was born in Sydney on 26th May 1911. He entered politics at the late age of 53 and was one of the first politicians to declare that Australia's trading future lay with Asia. He died in Melbourne on 27th September 1994, aged 83.
#
"Boyd, Arthur",74,boyd.jpg,c,0
(1920- )
Arthur Boyd, Australian artist, was born Arthur Merric Bloomfield Boyd in Victoria, on 24th July 1920, into a family associated with the arts for three generations. His art encompassed a wide range of media including painting, pottery, etching and lithography. Married to wife Yvonne in 1944, they handed their glorious $20 million property on the banks of the Shoalhaven River at Bundanoon over to the Australian Government as a centre for creativity. Regarded as Australia's greatest living artist, he was named Australian of the Year on 26th of January 1995, aged 74.
\BDescription:\b Arthur Boyd \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
#
"Boyd, Benjamin",75,"e\6\king0082.jpg","c","0"
(1800?-1851?)
\IPioneer and financier who established a whaling station at Twofold Bay on the south coast of New South Wales.\i
Boyd was born in England and became a stockbroker in London. In 1840 he made approaches to the British government asking for land purchase privileges in Australia where he had already sent several trading vessels. He then floated the Royal Bank of Australia and, with the ú200,000 sold in debentures, he and his brother James sailed for Sydney, arriving in mid 1842. He opened a branch of his bank and quickly became one of the major landowners in the colony with holdings in the Monaro district and at Port Phillip. Boyd & Company founded the twin towns of Boyd Town and East Boyd on Twofold Bay as the base port for a fleet of whalers.
However, financial difficulties, starting with the loss of lawsuits for insurance on a wrecked vessel, led to the disbandment of this empire. Shareholders in the Royal Bank lost their capital and Boyd was removed from control of it. The Twofold Bay settlement was abandoned though the whaling station at nearby Eden, set up by the government, continued until the 1930s. In 1849 Boyd sailed for the Californian goldfields on his last possession, the ship \IThe Wanderer,\i on which he had sailed to Australia. He disappeared for ever when he went ashore at the Solomon Islands in 1851.
\BDescription:\b Benjamin Boyd \I(Jonathan King)\i
#
"Boyd Family",76,boyd.jpg,g,0
\IFamily distinguished in many fields of the arts; descended from Arthur Merric Boyd (1862-1940), a noted water colourist.\i
Martin α Beckett Boyd (1893-1972) was one of the sons of Arthur Merric Boyd and became a noted author. Born in Switzerland, he was educated in Melbourne and trained as an architect. After service in World War II he settled in England and began writing. One of his best known novels is \ILucinda Brayford\i (1946), which showed his interest in the past and heredity and his dual allegiance to Europe and Australia. In 1958 he moved to Rome where he died.
\JArthur Merric Bloomfield Boyd\j (1920-), son of potter Merric Boyd, grandson of Arthur Merric Boyd and nephew of Martin Boyd, is noted as a painter, sculptor and ceramic artist. Born in Melbourne, he held his first exhibition of paintings in 1937. He served with the army during World War II and immediately after the war ran a pottery with his brother-in-law John Perceval. In 1949 he became a full-time painter concentrating on landscape and religious themes and in 1958 his work, with the landscapes of Arthur Streeton, represented Australia at the Venice Biennale. In the following year with his brother, potter and painter David Fielding Gough Boyd (1924-), he exhibited with the Antipodean Group, and in 1960 established his international reputation with an exhibition held in London. Arthur Boyd's works include \IWimmera Landscape\i (1950) and \IThe Blind Nebuchadnezzar with Lion\i (1967); he is also known for a ceramic sculpture at the Melbourne Olympic Swimming Pool (1950). His work is represented in the Australian \JNational Gallery,\j \JCanberra,\j all state galleries, the Victoria and Albert Museum, London, and the Mertz Collection in the United States. He was appointed AO in 1979. Another of his brothers, Guy Martin α Beckett Boyd (1923-88), was a noted sculptor.
Robin Gerard Penleigh Boyd (1919-71), cousin of Arthur and Guy Boyd and like them a grandson of Arthur Merric Boyd, was a leading figure in architecture in Australia. An architect himself, he was also a noted writer, critic and lecturer in the field. Born and educated in Melbourne, he first worked in domestic architecture and later in institutional building. He designed the Australian displays at a number of World Expos and in 1969 was awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Institute of Australian Architects. The theme of much of his writing was that Australian architecture was triumphant materially but a disaster aesthetically. His books include \IAustralian Home\i (1952), \IThe Australian Ugliness\i (1960) and \IThe Great Australian Dream\i (1972), the last published posthumously.
\BDescription:\b Arthur Boyd \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i.
#
"Braddon, Russell Reading",77,0,g,0
(1921-95)
Russell Reading Braddon, Australian novelist and biographer, was born in Sydney on 24th January 1921. He served in WWII as a gunner in the Australian Army and was captured by the Japanese on his 21st birthday in 1942. He moved to Britain in 1949 where he spent most of his adult life. His 30 books include \IThe Naked Island, Those in Peril, Year of the Angry Rabbit, When the Enemy is Tired\i and \IEnd Play,\i and the non-fiction works \ISuez the Splitting of a Nation\i and \IImages of Australia.\i
He had a falling out with James Clavell over the accuracy of Clavell's \IKing Rat.\i Braddon wrote biographies about Dame Joan Sutherland and Lord Thomas of Fleet Street, owner of the \IScotsman\i and \ISunday Times\i newspapers. He died in Australia on 20th March 1995, aged 74.
#
"Bradfield, John Job Crew",78,"0","g","0"
(1867-1943)
\ICivil engineer who initiated the plan for a single span bridge across Sydney Harbour with an underground railway system for the centre of the city.\i
Bradfield was born in Sandgate, Queensland, and studied engineering in Sydney. In 1891 he joined the New South Wales Public Works Department where he became chief designing engineer. In 1913 his plan for a single span bridge across the harbour with an underground railway system operating from the centre of the city was accepted. The final design specifications for the bridge were prepared by the contractors Dorman, Long and Co. Ltd of England. On completion of the bridge in 1932 the roadway over it and its approaches were named the Bradfield Highway.
Bradfield is regarded as the father of the Sydney Harbour Bridge. He was also involved in many other constructions. He was consulting engineer for the Story and St Lucia bridges over the Brisbane River and helped in the design and construction of the University of Queensland. Always interested in water conservation, in 1938 he presented the Queensland government with a plan, now named after him, for damming the Burdekin and other northern rivers on the coastal side of the Great Dividing Range and transporting water inland by tunnel. He was appointed deputy chancellor of the University of Sydney in 1942.
#
"Brady, Matthew",79,"e\6\bushrang.jpg","c","0"
(1799-1826)
\IBushranger who operated in Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania) in the 1820s.\i
Born in England, Brady was transported for stealing a basket of food and arrived in Van Diemen's Land in 1820. In June 1824 he and twelve accomplices stole a whaleboat at Macquarie Harbour and fled around the coast to the Derwent River. The gang operated as bushrangers throughout the island, becoming famous for their disdain for troopers and for Governor Arthur, who offered a 25 guinea reward for Brady's capture. His response to this was to post a humorous notice offering a reward of 20 gallons of rum for the delivery of the governor over to him. The success of Brady's gang resulted in a boom in bushranging with over 100 people trying to emulate them. Brady was finally captured by \JJohn Batman\j. He was hanged in Hobart Town in May 1826. He was treated sympathetically by contemporary writers who claimed he only used violence in self defence and is the subject of a biographical novel by Richard Butler, \IAnd Wretches Hang\i (1977).
\BDescription:\b Sketches of Tasmanian bushrangers (Brady is in the middle) \I(Dixson Library)\i
#
"Bragg, Sir William Henry*",80,"0","g","0"
(1862-1942)
\IPhysicist who, together with his son \JWilliam Lawrence Bragg\j, discovered an X-ray technique for analysing the structure of crystals.\i
Born in England, Bragg specialised in mathematics at Trinity College, Cambridge, and was appointed to the chair of mathematics and physics at the University of Adelaide in 1886. After the discovery of X-rays by R÷ntgen in Europe, Bragg constructed his own X-ray apparatus and produced X-ray photographs in 1896. His subsequent discoveries regarding the ionisation of gases were presented to the 1904 meeting of the Australiasian Association for the Advancement of Science and were published in \IStudies in Radioactivity\i in 1912.
Bragg returned to Britain in 1909 to take up the Cavendish chair of physics at Leeds University. Here he invented the X-ray spectrometer and, together with his son, W.L. Bragg, developed the science of X-ray crystallography for which they were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1915. In the same year he was appointed Quain professor of physics at University College, London but deferred taking up the post until the completion of his World War I work on submarine detection. He became Fullerian professor of chemistry at and director of the Royal Institution of Great Britain in 1923 and was elected president of the Royal Society 1935-40. Bragg was awarded honorary degrees from many universities and was knighted in 1920.
#
"Bragg, Sir (William) Lawrence",81,"0","g","0"
(1890-1971)
\ICo-discoverer, with his father Sir William Henry Bragg, of an X-ray technique for investigating the structure of crystals.\i
Born in Adelaide, Bragg was educated at the University of Adelaide (BA, 1908) and Trinity College, Cambridge where he became a fellow and lecturer in natural sciences in 1914. He became the youngest ever Nobel laureate when he was awarded the 1915 prize in physics jointly with his father, W. H. Bragg. In 1919, after active service in France, he was appointed professor of physics at Victoria University, Manchester, England, where he established X-ray crystallography as a tool for studying the structure of metals and alloys. In 1938, after a year as director of the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, he was appointed to the Cavendish chair of physics at Cambridge, recently vacated by Rutherford. During his Cambridge years he oversaw the refinement of the technique of X-ray crystallography as a tool for analysing the structures of complex protein molecules.
Following in his father's footsteps, he became Fullerian professor of chemistry at and director of the Royal Institution of Great Britain from 1954 until retirement in 1966. Bragg was knighted in 1941.
\IMinister of religion, media commentator, lecturer and author, noted for works of popular information.\i
Born in Germany, Rudolph Brasch went to England in the 1930s and was rabbi of synagogues in London and Dublin before coming to Australia in the late 1940s. From 1949 to 1979 he was chief minister at the Temple Emanuel in Sydney. His many publications include works on Judaism but he is best known for his popular reference books on the origins of customs, including \IHow Did It Begin?\i (1965), \IHow Did Sports Begin?\i (1970) and \IHow Did Sex Begin?\i (1973).
\IPoet and scholar, the symbolist style of whose poetry set it apart from the ballads and nationalist verse prevailing in Australia in his time.\i
Brennan was born and educated in Sydney. He gained an MA with honours in philosophy at the University of Sydney in 1892 and in that year won a scholarship to the University of Berlin. There he became interested in the French symbolist writers, particularly MallarmΘ. He returned to Sydney without graduating in 1894 and, while working at the Public Library, began to write and publish poetry. His many attempts to gain a lecturing position at the University of Sydney were foiled by his reputation for an unconventional lifestyle and radical politics. Eventually in 1909 he became a permanent lecturer in modern literature and in 1920 associate professor in German and comparative literature. His university career was marked by brilliant scholarship and charismatic, if unpredictable, teaching. A leading figure in Sydney's bohemian cafe society at the time, his personal life attracted notoriety for drunkenness and marital unfaithfulness. The university's longstanding dissatisfaction with his unconventionality culminated in his dismissal in 1925 after which he struggled with poverty and alcoholism.
Brennan's main volume of poems was published in 1914; titled \IPoems,\i it is usually referred to as \IPoems (1913).\i It included revisions of previously published work. The book is divided into several sections with the main theme being humanity's search for a state of paradise. Axel Clark's critical biography of Brennan, published in 1980, confirms that many of the poems are autobiographical. A further volume of poems, \IA Chant of Doom, and Other Verses\i (1918), dealt with World War I. Brennan's other publications are mainly articles in journals.
#
"Brereton, Laurie",84,0,g,0
(1946- )
Laurie Brereton, Australian Labor politician, was born in Sydney on 29th May 1946. He trained as an electrician and studied law at the University of New South Wales. He entered New South Wales parliament in 1970 and held a number of portfolios including Minister for Works; he was responsible for the Darling Harbour development and the Sydney Harbour Tunnel. In 1990, he entered Federal politics and was appointed Industrial Relations Minister in 1993 in the Labor Government. Married to Trish Kavanagh, they have two boys (1978 and 1983). His sister, Diedre Grusovin, has served as New South Wales Minister for Consumer Affairs.
#
"Brickhill, Paul",85,0,g,0
(1916-91)
Paul Brickhill, Australian author, was born in Melbourne on 20th December 1916. He started out as a journalist with the \IMelbourne Sun\i newspaper. During WWII, he worked with the wartime ministry of information before becoming a fighter pilot with the Royal Australian Air Force. After the war he covered the Nuremberg Trials for the \ISun\i newspaper.
He published the true story of \IThe Great Escape\i in 1949 and followed with other true stories such as \IThe Dambusters\i in 1951 and the story of legless pilot Douglas Bader in \IReach for the Sky\i in 1954. His major works have all been made into movies. He was the father of a son Timothy and a daughter Tempe. He died in Sydney on 23rd April 1991, aged 74.
#
"Brosnan, Cassandra Harris",86,0,g,0
(1952-91)
Cassandra Harris Brosnan, actor and Australian wife of American actor Pierce Brosnan, was born in 1952. She had met Brosnan in 1970 while working at the National Theatre in London and they married in 1973. They have three children Charlotte (1973), Christopher (1974), and Sean (1984). Her British television credits include \IAll Out At Kangaroo Valley\i and \IThe Boy Merlin.\i She died from ovarian cancer in Los Angeles on 28th December 1991, aged 39.
#
"Brown, Carter (Alan Geoffrey Yates)",87,"0","g","0"
(1923-1985)
\IProlific writer of best selling mystery stories.\i
Yates was born in England and came to Australia after World War II. He wrote under various pseudonyms, producing about six pulp fiction works a year. His mystery series under the 'Carter Brown' pseudonym began in the 1950s and finally numbered well over 100. The formula of these novels is mystery, sex and violence, with titles including \ICorpse for Christmas, Tomorrow is Murder, Blonde on the Rocks\i and \INo Blonde is an Island.\i Many have been international bestsellers, being particularly widely read in the United States. Yates published his autobiography, \IReady When You Are, CB,\i in 1983.
#
"Brown, Robert (Bob)",88,"e\6\bbrown.jpg","c","0"
(1944- )
\IDoctor and environmentalist who led the protest against the damming of the Franklin River in Tasmania.\i
Born in Oberon, New South Wales, into a family who supported the Country Party, Bob Brown became a doctor. His views became radicalised in the 1960s during the Vietnam War. He became a passionate believer in the conservation of natural wilderness. Having settled as a general practitioner in \JLaunceston\j, Tasmania, he joined the Tasmanian conservation movement which had fought unsuccessfully to save Lake Pedder. He gave up his medical practice and became director of the Wilderness Society and leader of the struggle against the damming of the Franklin River for hydro-electricity purposes. Protesters threw themselves in front of government bulldozers and hundreds, including Brown, were gaoled for their activities. Finally the Wilderness Society took the loggers to the High Court and won an historic victory in 1983. Brown was named Australian of the Year in 1982. He was elected to the Tasmanian parliament in 1984 and was re elected in 1989 and 1992, leading a small Green Independent group that has held a powerful position within the parliament.
In 1990 he was one of six environmentalists to share the world's richest environment prize - that given by the Goldman Foundation in the United States. He directed the money towards research and saving areas of Tasmanian scrubland. His publications include \IThe Franklin and Lower Gordon Rivers\i (1979) and \IWild Rivers\i (1983).
\BDescription:\b Robert Brown \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
#
"Browne, Grace Cuthbert",89,0,g,0
(1900-88)
Dr Grace Cuthbert Browne, one of the 200 Great Australians named in 1988, was born Grace Cuthbert Johnson in Port Glasgow, Scotland in 1900. She came to Australia aged one when her father was appointed chief surveyor of the Sydney Marine Underwriters. After graduating as a doctor in 1924, she worked in the Pambula and Eden regions of New South Wales. She married distinguished London University scientist, Professor, F. J. Browne in 1950 when he came to lecture in Sydney.
For 27 years, she was director of Maternal and Baby Welfare for the NSW Department of Health. In 1986, she was appointed a consultant emeritus in Obstetrics and Gynaecology to the Royal North Shore Hospital. She had no children of her own, and said "I have devoted my life to other people's children". She died at Sydney's Royal North Shore Hospital on 17th December 1988, aged 88.
#
"Bruce, Stanley Melbourne",90,"e\6\stanley.jpg","c","0"
(1st Viscount Bruce of Melbourne) (1883-1967)
\INationalist politician who was prime minister 1923-29.\i
Stanley Bruce was born into a wealthy business family in Melbourne. He went to England in 1901 to study law at Cambridge and did not return until he was sent home with a war injury in 1917. He was approached by the Nationalist Party in 1918 and won the seat of Flinders in Victoria. In 1921 he was appointed treasurer by William Hughes; in 1923 Bruce replaced Hughes as party leader and prime minister, and formed a coalition with the Country Party (under which \JEarle Page\j had earlier refused to work with Hughes). Bruce's government fostered the increasing power of the federal government over the states; for example, the establishment of the Loan Council which gave the federal government greater financial control. Presiding during a period of economic stability, he sought to promote business enterprise. As part of this policy, he tried to dismantle the Commonwealth Arbitration Court in 1929. This unpopular initiative led to the fall of his government when even his own party members voted with Labor against the legislation. At the following election, his party was defeated and Bruce became the only Australian prime minister to lose his own seat at an election. He was high commissioner to London 1933-45 and a member of the British War Cabinet from 1942. He was made a viscount in 1947 and lived in London until his death.
\BDescription:\b Stanley Melbourne Bruce \I(Jonathan King)\i
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"Brumby, John",91,0,g,0
(1953- )
John Brumby, Victorian Labor Party politician and leader, was born in Melbourne on 21st April 1953. He started out as a secondary school teacher in 1976 and became an organiser for the Victorian Teachers Union. He entered politics in 1990 after serving as a senior adviser. He became Party Leader in July 1993, following the sudden resignation of Jim Keenan, who had only been opposition leader 98 days, having himself replaced Joan Kirner. Married to Rosemary, they have three children.
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"Bryant, Bert",92,0,g,0
(1926-91)
Bert Bryant, legendary Australian horse race caller, was born in Dubbo, New South Wales in 1926. He joined Melbourne's radio 3UZ in 1949 and was the stationÆs and nationÆs number one race caller until he retired in 1977, after suffering from a burst blood vessel at the back of the brain. Bryant called 28 Melbourne Cups and at his peak had an audience of 2.5 million over 48 stations around Australia every Saturday afternoon, earning $1,000 -- considered a fortune for the era.
His greatest feat was his call of the Queen Elizabeth stakes two horse race between Rain Lover and Big Philou. He is survived by his wife Molly and sons Greg and Daryl, and daughter Suzanne. He died from throat cancer on 3rd April 1991, aged 64, at Brighton Private Hospital in Melbourne.
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"Bryant, Martin",93,0,g,0
(1967- )
Martin Bryant, the world's worst peacetime mass killer, was born on 7th May 1967 to Carleen and Maurice Bryant of Tasmania. On 28th April 1996, aged 28, Bryant went berserk and shot 35 people with an automatic rifle at the old Tasmanian convict settlement of Port Arthur, 100 kilometres south of Hobart. He arrived in a Volkswagen van, ate his lunch, and then shot fellow diners in the Broad Arrow CafΘ. He then went on a rampage, shooting people over a five-kilometre radius. He put an Asian family in the boot of a car and set it alight. He then holed up for the night at the Seascape Guest House where he later killed the owners and set the house alight.
He was captured by the police when he ran from the house with his clothes blazing. His victims ranged in age from three to 72 and included tourists from Asia, America and Canada. He pleaded not guilty on 30th September 1996 but, after a change in legal counsel, reversed his plea to guilty on 7th November 1996. He was charged with 35 counts of murder, three counts of causing grievous bodily harm, eight counts of wounding, four counts of aggravated assault, one count of unlawfully setting fire to a motor vehicle and one count of arson by setting fire to the Seascape dwelling. On 22nd November 1996 he was jailed for life without parole, and the Tasmanian Government auctioned his home and possessions to give to the fund set up for the victims and/or their families.
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"Buckley, William",94,"e\6\buckley.jpg","c","0"
(1780?-1856)
\IThe 'wild white man' who escaped from convict labour and lived with Aborigines for 32 years.\i
Buckley was born in England, became an apprentice bricklayer, then joined the army. In 1802 he was sentenced to transportation for life for possession of stolen goods - probably a length of cloth. He was sent to a new settlement at Port Phillip Bay which had been set up by the expedition led by David Collins and set to work building. After several months Buckley and some companions escaped, perhaps with the idea of walking to Port Jackson. When their provisions ran out his companions returned to the settlement, which was abandoned soon after. Buckley continued alone. He was not heard of again until 1835 when a contingent of \JJohn Batman\j's Port Phillip Association, investigating the area for settlement, were 'much frightened at the appearance of a white man, of immense size, covered with an enormous opossum rug . . .' What had taken place during the intervening years is not clear as Buckley was illiterate and never set down his own story; the accounts of others are thought to include fabrication and distortion. However, it is known that he lived with a small tribal group of Aborigines, possibly of the Watoutong, who treated him with kindness and believed him to be the re-embodied spirit of a dead relative.
Back in the European settlement, Buckley was employed by the Port Phillip Association as interpreter and 'superintendent over the native tribes'; he also accompanied Governor Bourke as guide and interpreter on an interior journey. However, he was ill equipped for these tasks, resigned and in 1837 went to Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania) where he worked as a storekeeper and later a gatekeeper, always giving the impression of a sad and silent man who could not be drawn on his experiences in the bush.
The expressions 'to have Buckley's' or 'Buckley's chance' are thought to be derived from his long disappearance.
\BDescription:\b William Buckley \I(Jonathan King)\i
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"Bullwinkel, Vivien",95,0,g,0
(1915- )
Major Vivien Bullwinkel, former WWII Australian nurse who was the sole survivor of a Japanese slaughter, was born in Broken Hill on 18th December 1915. Along with 21 army nurses, she was gunned down by Japanese soldiers on Banka Island on 16th February 1942. Later, with 32 other nurses, she was held in a Japanese prisoner of war camp for three years in Sumatra and Banka Island. After the war, she became Matron of the Fairfield Infections Diseases Hospital in Melbourne. Following her retirement she moved to Perth, Western Australia.
\IJournalist who was the first Westerner to give an eye witness account of Hiroshima after the dropping of the atom bomb.\i
Born in Melbourne, Burchett left Australia for Europe in 1936, returned in 1939 and was sent by a group of Ausralian newspapers to report on war preparations in the East. In 1941 he was employed by the \ILondon Daily Express\i and spent the rest of World War II as correspondent for Asia and the Pacific region, making a famous scoop with his story, \IThe Atomic Plague,\i on the aftermath of the bombing of Hiroshima. He returned to Australia in 1950 and was labelled a communist supporter after campaigning for nuclear disarmament and against the banning of the Communist Party. Finally, his visit to an Allied prisoner of war camp in North Korea in 1953 while reporting on the end of the Korean War led to charges of treachery and the withdrawal of his Australian passport.
He continued to work overseas as a journalist from bases including Moscow, Hanoi and Paris. He maintained an association with the communist world, which he stated did not reflect sympathy with communism as an ideology but support for movements for national independence. His passport was returned by the Whitlam Labor government in 1972. His many publications include \IPacific Treasure Island\i (1941), \IThis Monstrous War\i (1953), \IVietnam Will Win\i (1968) and \ICatapult to Freedom\i (1978). His autobiography, \IAt the Barricades,\i was published in 1981.
Pat Burgess, award-winning veteran war correspondent, was born Francis Patrick Burgess in Sydney on 17th March 1925 and educated at Christian Brothers Waverley. He entered journalism for \IThe Catholic Weekly\i and later became a crime reporter with the \IDaily Telegraph,\i before moving to the Sydney \ISun\i as feature writer in 1962. He saw active service in WWII before joining ABC radio in the late 40s.
From 1968 he covered the Israeli-Arab conflicts from both sides, but was best known for his dispatches from Vietnam. He won two Walkley Awards, making him the only journalist to have won the awards in the print and television media. He wrote \IMoney To Burn,\i and \IWarco-Australian Reporters at War.\i He died in Sydney on 23rd January 1989, aged 63.
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"Burke, Brian",98,0,g,0
(1947- )
Brian Burke, former Western Australian premier, was born Brian Thomas Burke into a strict Catholic home on 25th February 1947. A former electronic media journalist with radio 6PM and television station TVW7 in the 1960s, he became a Labor politician in 1973 and leader of the Western Australian Labor Party in 1981. He first became premier on 19th February 1983 and in February 1986 was elected to a second term. At the height of his premiership he was known as Mr 80% because of his incredible popularity rating. On 22nd December 1987 he announced his retirement effective from 25th February 1988 and was replaced by Peter Dowding. In August 1988 Burke took up the diplomatic post of Australian Ambassador to Ireland and the Holy See.
In March 1991 the Royal Commission into Western Australia Inc. commenced and Burke returned to Australia to answer allegations in regard to a LeadersÆ "slush" fund. It was alleged that the former premier had procured "donations" from wealthy Perth businessmen and used the millions to re-elect the Labor Party on both local and Federal fronts. On 29th April 1991 he resigned as Ambassador to Ireland and the Holy See, effective from 21st July; however after he appeared in the witness box and admitted to using some of the party's money to procure stamps for his extensive collection, he was sacked on 9th May. He was arrested and ordered to face charges in July 1992.
On 15th July 1994, he was jailed for two years with a non-parole period of seven months, after being convicted on four charges of defrauding the State by falsely claiming $17,179 from a parliamentary travel account between 1984 and 1986. On 28th February 1997 he was found guilty on seven charges of stealing $122,000 in ALP donations from the Western Australian Labor Party to finance his stamp collecting hobby, and was sentenced to three years jail with a non-parole period of twelve months. However, he was released five months later and acquitted of the charges. He is married with six children: Thomas (1966), Peter (1968), Matthew (1971), Sarah (1974), Mary (1982), and Joseph (1984).
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"Burke, Robert O'Hara",99,"e\6\king0053.jpg","c","0"
(1820-61)
\IExplorer who died on the return from the first south-north crossing of the Australian continent.\i
Burke was born in Ireland and came to Australia in 1853, first going to Tasmania and then becoming a police inspector on the Victorian goldfields. In 1860 he was chosen to lead an expedition from Melbourne to the Gulf of Carpentaria funded by extensive private and public subscription and sponsored by the Royal Society of Victoria.
A grand camel cavalcade set out from Melbourne's Royal Park in August 1860. After several divisions of the exploring party, a group of four - Burke, his second in charge William Wills, John King and Charles Gray - left a waiting group, also of four, at Cooper's Creek and in December set out on the last leg of 1,100 kilometres to the northern coast. \JBurke and Wills\j actually reached the coast, with the other two camping some kilometres away. On the return journey, Gray died in the desert and the other three reached the depot at Cooper's Creek on 21 April 1862, just hours after the waiting party had given up and left. Both \JBurke and Wills\j died in the attempt to travel south, King being the only survivor of the party. The failure of the expedition has often been blamed on Burke's lack of bushmanship and impatience to proceed without proper planning.
\BDescription:\b Burke, Wills and King stagger into Coopers Creek Camp \I(Jonathan King)\i
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"Burnet, Sir (Frank) Macfarlane*",100,"e\6\bmacfarl.jpg","c","0"
(1899-1985)
\IMedical scientist, internationally acclaimed for research in virology and immunology.\i
Born at Traralgon, Victoria, \JMacfarlane Burnet\j graduated in medicine from the University of Melbourne in 1922. His early work on bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) at Melbourne Hospital (1923-25) and the Lister Institute, London (1926-27), provided a foundation for modern biotechnology and genetic engineering. In 1928 he returned to Melbourne, to the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research which under his directorship (1944-65) gained an international reputation for excellence. Burnet's major contributions were his insights into the mechanisms of virus replication and mutation and his work in immunology. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine in 1960 (together with Sir Peter Medawar) for his 'clonal selection' theory of antibody production and his insights into the phenomenon of immunological tolerance. Burnet published more than 500 scientific papers as well as books reflecting his interest in social issues.
Burnet was foundation fellow (1954) and president (1965-69) of the Australian Academy of Science, president of the International Association of Microbiological Sciences (1953-57) and president of ANZAAS (1957). He was made a Fellow of the Royal Society (1942), received this society's Royal Medal (1947) and Copley Medal (1958), was knighted in 1969 and appointed AK in 1978.
\BDescription:\b Sir Frank Burnet \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
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"Burns, Sir James",101,"0","g","0"
(1846-1923)
\IPioneer businessman and shipping manager.\i
Born in Scotland, Burns migrated to Queensland in 1862 and with his brother and another partner set up a shop in Brisbane. In 1872 he established his own store and shipping agency in Townsville, Queensland, and in 1877 transferred his headquarters to Sydney where he established the Queensland Steam Shipping Co. Ltd to run a service between Townsville and Sydney.
In 1883, in partnership with his employee, Robert Philp, he amalgamated the various Sydney and Queensland businesses into Burns, Philp & Co. Ltd with himself as chairman. This became the largest Australian shipping company of the day, with steamers plying to New Guinea, the Pacific Islands and the East Indies as well as along the Australian coast. The company also pioneered timber getting and pastoral development in large areas of north Queensland.
Burns was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council from 1908 until his death. He set up the Burnside Homes for Scottish orphans on his land near Parramatta and was knighted in 1917.
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"Burnum Burnum",102,0,g,0
(1936-97)
Aboriginal rights campaigner and activist, Burnum Burnum, was born on 10th January, 1936. Burnum Burnum was one of the victims of the æstolenÆ generation when he was made a ward of the state following his motherÆs death soon after he was born. He matriculated from a New South Wales high school and then went on to study law at the University of Tasmania. Burnum Burnum worked at the NSW Department of Agriculture for 13 years and was heavily involved in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoplesÆ rights. Burnum Burnum died on August 18, aged 61, following a heart attack. He is survived by his wife and five children.
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"Burrows, Eva",103,0,g,0
(1929-86)
Eva Burrows, Australian commissioner of the Salvation Army, was born in Queensland on 15th September 1929. She was the youngest ever International General of the Salvation Army at Sunbury in England. She served as Women's Social Services Leader in Great Britain and Ireland, and was territorial commander in Sri Lanka and Scotland. She died at St.Kilda in Victoria on the 3rd May 1986, aged 56.
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"Bush, Beattie",104,0,g,0
(1925-96)
Beattie Bush, Sydney newspaper seller, known to Sydneysiders as the Duchess of White Bay, was born in Sydney on 18th January 1925. She sold papers at the White Bay traffic lights for 25 years from 1971 until 1996. Married to Frank Bush in 1957, they had two sons, Glen and Phillip. She took over her son Glen's newspaper corner in 1971, working from early morning until night.
In 1984, singer songwriter Judy Small wrote a song about her called æThe White Bay Paper Seller.Æ Many remember her for her floppy hat and Balmain Tiger socks she wore in all weather. She gave up her a job a short time before she died on 25th September 1996, aged 72.
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"Bussell, Grace",105,"e\6\msgrace.jpg","c","0"
(1860-1935)
\IWestern Australian woman noted for her rescue of passengers from a shipwreck in 1876.\i
\JGrace Bussell\j was born in the Western Australian town of Busselton, named after her pioneering family. She is remembered for her heroic actions in December 1876 when the steamer \IGeorgette\i ran aground near her family's property. For several hours she and a stockman, Sam Isaac, rode on horseback into the waves, pulling women and children from a capsized lifeboat out of the water. For this she was awarded the medal of the Royal Humane Society.
Harry Butler, freelance Australian environmentalist and former Australian of the Year, was born in Perth on 25th March 1930. He trained as a teacher but in 1963 began working for corporate and government bodies as an environmental consultant, undertaking a major study of Western Australian animals. He collected over 2,000 samples of mammals, 14 previously unheard of. He was one of the media's first environmentalists and made the popular ABC television series, \IIn the Wild\i in the 1960s.
He was named Australian of the Year in 1979. In 1993, he won the $10,000 Excellence Award for an individual, for his outstanding contribution to the mining and petroleum industry over 30 years. He is a firm believer that conservation and development can work hand in hand.
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"Button, John",107,0,g,0
(1933- )
John Button, Australian Labor Party politician, was born John Norman Button at Ballarat in Victoria on 30th June 1933. He entered the Senate at the 1974 election and served as Minister for Industry, Technology and Commerce for ten years from the time Bob Hawke came to office until his retirement under Paul Keating in March 1993. Button introduced the famous "Button Plan" for the Australian car industry, which targeted only three Australian manufacturers by the mid 1990s.
He was deputy opposition leader in the Senate from 1977 until 1980 and leader in the Senate from 1980 until 1983. He retired from politics in 1990 and is a senior partner in the law firm Maurice Blackburn & Company. He married Marjorie Batten on 6th May 1960, and has two sons.
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"Buttrose, Ita Clare",108,"e\6\buttrose.jpg","c","0"
(1942- )
\IMagazine and newspaper editor and executive who has been called the 'media queen' of Australia.\i
Born and educated in Sydney, Buttrose joined Australian Consolidated Press as a copygirl at the age of 15 and by the age of 23 had become editor of the women's pages of the \IDaily Telegraph\i and \ISunday Telegraph\i and a protΘgΘe of Sir Frank Packer. She was founding editor of \ICleo\i magazine (1972-75) and by 1974 was on the board of Consolidated Press. In 1975 she achieved one of her ambitions in becoming editor of the \IAustralian Women's Weekly,\i the nation's leading women's magazine, and radically changed its format to a smaller page size, also giving it a more intellectual editorial thrust. At that time she entered the national consciousness with a series of smiling, lisping television advertisements for the \IWeekly\i and since has remained known as the leading woman in the Australian media world.
In 1981 she moved to News Ltd which by then owned the \IDaily Telegraph\i and the \ISunday Telegraph,\i of which she was editor in chief until 1984. In 1988 she was editor-in-chief of the \ISun Herald\i for the John Fairfax Group. The next year she started her own magazine, aimed at women aged 35 and over, which she, perhaps not unexpectedly, called \IIta.\i She has also been a regular broadcaster on a number of Sydney and Melbourne radio stations and in 1980 compered the TCN 9 television program \IOur World.\i \JIta Buttrose\j has been on the committees of numerous bodies associated with the arts and with social and medical issues, most notably being chairperson of the National Advisory Committee on AIDS (NACAIDS) (1984-88).
\BDescription:\b Ita Buttrose \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
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"Buvelot, Louis",109,0,g,0
(1814-88)
Louis Buvelot, Australian artist and photographer, was born Abram Louis Buvelot in Switzerland on 3rd March 1814. He trained as an artist in Lausanne before travelling to Brazil where his uncle owned a coffee plantation. He worked in Brazil from 1840 to 1852 when he returned to France. Then after two years in Calcutta he returned to Switzerland. In 1864 he left his wife and daughter to sail to Australia with mistress and fellow artist Caroline-Julie Beguin.
He set up a photographerÆs studio in Melbourne, but by 1866 had directed all his energies to painting. By 1869, he was recognised as one of Australia's leading landscape painters. He died in Victoria on 30th May 1888, aged 70. Many of his works are hung in major Australian galleries.
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"Cadell, Francis",110,"e\6\fcadell.jpg","c","0"
(1822-79)
\INavigator, shipowner and merchant who pioneered the navigation of the Murray River.\i
Born in Scotland, \JFrancis Cadell\j became a merchant seaman and commanded several small ships. While in Adelaide in 1849 he became interested in the navigation of the Murrray River, which was being widely discussed at the time. Returning in 1852 Cadell was promised ú2,500 by the South Australian administration to navigate the river. He explored the Murray down from Swan Hill in a canoe and in 1853 went upriver with the steamer \ILady Augusta\i and the barge \IEureka.\i After this the River Murray Navigation Company was formed. Cadell, as its director, imported steamers from Scotland to build up the company's fleet. The financial crisis in Victoria in 1857 led to the failure of the company. After visiting New Zealand to help supervise river traffic during the Maori Wars and exploring in northern Australia, Cadell was murdered by his crew while pearling in the Arafura Sea.
\BDescription:\b Francis Cadell \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
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"Caesar, John (Black Caesar)",111,"0","g","0"
(?-1796)
\IConvict who is regarded as Australia's first bushranger.\i
\JCaesar\j was a Negro thought to have been born in Madagascar. He was sentenced in England in 1785 to seven years transportation for pickpocketing. Soon after his arrival in New South Wales he began stealing food from his fellow convicts. This could have been due to his appetite, which was described by Judge Advocate David Collins as 'ravenous . . . he could in any one day devour the full ration of two days'. Finally in June 1789 \JCaesar\j stole a soldier's musket and headed for the bush. He was captured and punished but escaped again and continued to make food raids. In January 1796 \JGovernor Hunter\j offered a reward of five gallons of rum for his capture dead or alive. He was shot soon afterwards by a settler at Liberty Plains near the present day Sydney suburb of Strathfield.
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"Cahill, J. J.",112,0,g,0
(1891-1959)
J. J. Cahill, Australian politician and former New South Wales Labor premier, was born Joe Cahill on 21st January 1891. He came to office on 3rd April 1952 following the retirement of James McGirr. He was responsible for the start of the Sydney Opera House, for which he laid the foundation stone six months before he died in office on 22nd October 1959, aged 68. Sydney's Cahill Expressway is named after him.
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"Cain, John",113,0,g,0
(1931- )
John Cain, Australian politician and former premier of Victoria, was born in Melbourne in 1931 and raised in Northcote. His father was the first Labor premier of Victoria. John Cain was elected premier in 1985; his father had been the only other State Labor leader. However he suffered from a financial fiasco in 1988 with the State Bank losing $1.2 billion.
In 1990, he assured depositors their money was safe with the Pyramid Building Society, and three months later the fund went under with Cain's Government being forced to help investors or be sued for the $800 million loss. Cain also suffered badly when tramway workers went on strike in January 1990 and blocked the Bourke Street Mall for a month. He subsequently resigned as premier on 7th August 1990, following a dramatic decline in his popularity. He was replaced by Joan Kirner who became Australia's second female premier.
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"Cairns, Jim",114,0,g,0
(1914- )
Dr Jim Cairns, radical Australian Labor politician, was born in Carlton,Victoria on 4th October 1914. He was deputy prime minister in the Whitlam Government of the mid-70s. The controversial Labor Party politician was a pacifist who protested vigorously against the Vietnam War.
After retiring from politics, he set up a commune scheme with ex-secretary, Juni Morosi. He served continuously in politics from 1955 to 1977. His books include \IThe Quite Revolution\i, \IOil in Troubled Waters\i and \IGrowth and Freedom\i.
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"Calwell, Arthur Augustus",115,"e\6\calwell.jpg","c","0"
(1896-1973)
\ILabor politician who was leader of the federal opposition 1960-67.\i
Born and educated in Melbourne, \JArthur Calwell\j joined the Victorian department of agriculture in 1913 and moved to the treasury in 1923. In 1931 he became secretary of his local branch of the Labor Party, with which he had been actively involved since 1914.
He entered the House of Representatives in 1940 as the Labor member for Melbourne, becoming minister for information in 1943 and minister for immigration in 1945. In the latter position he brought in a new program that for the first time included large scale, non British immigration from Europe, coining the term 'new Australians', which he saw as non derogatory, for these immigrants.
Though a devout Catholic, he did not go with the Democratic Labor Party but sided with \JH.V. Evatt\j in the split of the mid 1950s. In 1960 he succeeded Evatt as leader and came close to unseating the Menzies government in the 1961 election. He subsequently appeared to have waning electoral appeal and was so soundly defeated in the 1966 election that he decided to retire as leader in 1967. He survived an assassination attempt in Mosman, Sydney, during the 1966 campaign. He was made a papal knight in 1963.
\BDescription:\b Arthur Calwell \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
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"Cambridge, Ada",116,0,g,0
(1844-1926)
Ada Cambridge, Australian author, was born on 21st November 1844. She was a household name in Melbourne at the end of the 19th century. Her novels were often serialised in the \IAge\i newspaper and her more recent novels published by Heinemann. She wrote 18 novels and three volumes of poetry, as well as a collection of short stories. Her books, mainly about love and sex, although thinly disguised, were all the more amazing as she was married to an Anglican priest, Reverend Cross. A small woman with dark hair, she was determined not to conform. She died in a Melbourne rest home on 27th April 1926, aged 81.
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"Cameron, Clyde",117,0,g,0
(1913- )
Clyde Cameron, former Australian Labor Party politician, was born in Gawler, South Australia on 11th February 1913. He served 31 years in politics during the leaderships of Hughes, Page, Menzies, Fadden, Chifley, Holt, McEwen, Gorton, McMahon, Whitlam and Fraser. He retired in September 1980 and entered the record books as one of parliament's longest servers.
He was sacked by Whitlam as Minister for Labor in 1975. His five books include \IThe Cameron Diaries,\i and \IThe Confessions of Clyde Cameron.\i He has also written hundreds of letters, all of which are bound and indexed in 14 volumes in large red binders, and are held by the National Library in Canberra.
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"Campbell, Robert",118,"0","g","0"
(1769-1846)
\IMerchant and pioneer settler in the \JCanberra\j district.\i
Robert Campbell was born in Scotland, the younger son of one of the branches of the Campbell clan of Duntroon Castle. He sailed to New South Wales in 1798 after a trial cargo sent to the colony by his merchant firm was wrecked. He leased land on the western side of Sydney Cove where he built a wharf and buildings for trade with India. Under Governor Bligh Campbell was collector of taxes and customs. He was one of the founders of the colony's first savings bank, established in 1819.
From 1825 to 1843 he was a member of the Legislative Council (then appointed). Campbell settled on land in the area of what is now Canberra in 1825 and in 1834 was issued with deeds for a grant of about 2,000 hectares. The property, named Duntroon, remained in his family until 1910 when it was acquired by the Commonwealth government for the Royal Military College.
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"Carey, Peter Phillip",119,"0","g","0"
(1943- )
\IWriter of short stories and novels who was awarded the Booker Prize for Oscar and Lucinda (1988).\i
Born in Bacchus Marsh, Victoria, Peter Carey studied science at Monash University, also becoming interested in writing. He worked in advertising and in 1974 moved to Sydney where he set up an advertising agency. His first publications were short stories which were published in collected form as \IThe Fat Man in History\i (1974) and \IWar Crimes\i (1979). His first novel, \IBliss\i (1981), won the \JMiles Franklin\j Award and was later made into a successful film. It was followed by \IIllywhacker\i (1985), the Booker Prize winning \IOscar and Lucinda\i (1988) and \IThe Tax Inspector\i (1991). Most of his works are fables in which the surreal or fantastic and the real are brought together. The main characters in \IOscar and Lucinda\i may be taken as representing Australia as a whole, a nation of 'orphans' as Carey sees it.
In 1994, \IThe Unusual Life Of Tristan Smith,\i a novel which won The Age Book of the Year Award was published, and in 1995 \IThe Big Bazoohley,\i a children's book, was published. In 1997 Carey launched his latest novel, \IJack Maggs.\i
Peter Carey is currently a resident of New York where he is teaching.
#
"Carides, Zoe",120,"e\6\zcardies.jpg","c","0"
Zoe Carides has appeared in numerous television, movie and theatre productions in Australia since 1985.
Her theatrical performances include: \IThe Driver, Fish Wednesday, Greek Tragedy, Blood Brothers, Hating Alison Ashley, Biloxi Blues, Actors in the Park, Club Show with Frank Hardy, Shadow Me Shadow You, Comics in the Park, The Bang\i and \ISilver Street Kids.\i
She has made appearances on the following television shows: \IG.P., Heartland, Flying Doctors, Rafferty's Rules, E Street, Acropolis Now, Richmond Hill, The Tourist, Chunk, Edge of the Wedge, Sisters in the Bathroom, Strawberry Hill\i and \IOut There.\i
Zoe's film appearances include: \IBrilliant Lies, Police RescueùThe Movie, Gino, Shotgun Wedding, Seeing Red\i and \IDeath in Brunswick.\i She has also appeared in an Elvis Costello video, a TAFE training video, \IKadaicha\i and \IWith Inertia.\i
\I(Text and photograph supplied courtesy of Barbara Leane and Associates Pty Ltd)\i
\BDescription:\b Zoe Carides \I(Barbara Leane and Associates Pty Ltd)\i
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"Carleton, Richard",121,"0","g","0"
One of Australia's most respected interviewers and a major figure in ABC news and current affairs for almost 20 years, Richard Carleton joined the Nine Network's \I60 Minutes\i in August, 1987.
Born at Bowral in 1943, Richard was educated at Sydney Grammar School and the University of New South Wales.
He joined the ABC in 1967 at the age of 22 and worked on the current affairs program, \IThis Day Tonight\i as Canberra political correspondent.
While working with \ITDT\i, Richard presented \IState Of The Nation\i, the first television series to deal exclusively with Australian politics.
He left the ABC in 1976 and after a brief stint with Radio 2GB, he produced two films. \ITweere Best Done Quickly\i, a documentary focusing on the Indonesian invasion of Timor, was screened on the ABC and the second film, on the Middle East, was screened by the Seven Network.
Richard left Australia in 1977 and joined the BBC in London as an on-the-road reporter for the \ITonight\i program for two years.
He returned to Canberra and the ABC's \INationwide\i in 1979. In 1985, 86 and 87 Richard fronted the \ICarleton/Walsh Report\i and conducted political interviews for other ABC current affairs programs including \IThe National.\i
During his distinguished career, Richard's name has frequently been in the headlines for his distinctive political interviews with some of the country's leading politicians.
In 1987, Richard was expelled from South Africa in a controversial move after he filed a report on the \ICarleton/Walsh Report\i about the country's political troubles.
Richard's contribution to journalism has been rewarded with five Penguin Awards for Outstanding Achievement in Current Affairs and three Reporter Of The Year Logie Awards.
\IThis information supplied courtesy of TCN Channel Nine Pty Ltd.\i
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"Carmichael, Laurence Norman Richard (Laurie)",122,"e\6\lcarmich.jpg","c","0"
(1925- )
\IMilitant union leader who was an official of the Amalgamated Metalworkers' Union 1972-84.\i
Born in Melbourne, Laurie Carmichael trained as a fitter and turner and became active in the Amalgamated Engineering Union, being appointed Melbourne district secretary in 1958. This union became the main partner in the Amalgamated Metal Workers' and Shipwrights' Union, now the Amalgamated Metalworkers' Union, in 1972 and Carmichael became assistant secretary. He successfully led several campaigns for better pay and increased annual leave for members of these bodies and in 1969 took a leading part in anti-Vietnam protests.
A computer buff, he devoted himself in the 1970s to the computerisation of his union's affairs as well as to continuing industrial battles. In spite of his earlier reputation as a hard line communist, he became known in the 1980s as a moderate leftist able to work well with the Hawke Labor government and played a major part in drafting the 1983 Australian Council of Trade Unions Accord with the new government. Carmichael stood down from his Metalworkers' Union position in 1984, becoming assistant secretary of the ACTU in 1987.
He was the key author of \IAustralia Reconstructed,\i the ACTU's seminal document on workplace reform released in 1987 and was considered to be an important influence on the reform program for the higher education system undertaken by the federal government from 1988 on. After his retirement from the ACTU in 1991, he became chairman of the Employment and Skills Formation Council, the federal government's chief advisory body on vocational education.
"Carnegie, Sir Roderick Howard",123,"e\6\rodcarn.jpg","c","0"
(1932- )
\ICompany director who was chairman of CRA Ltd.\i
Born in Melbourne, Carnegie was educated there and at Oxford and Harvard. He joined Conzinc Riotinto of Australia (now CRA Ltd) in 1970, became chairman in 1974 and was chief executive from 1983 until his resignation in 1986. He worked to diversify the company's base and to increase its Australian shareholding but it remained largely foreign-owned. He became director of the ANZ Banking Group Ltd in 1986.
His other positions have included director of the Myer Emporium Ltd, member of the General Motors-Holden Advisory Council, director of the Business Council of Australia, member of the Australia-China Council, chairman of the Consultative Committee on Relations with Japan and vice president of the Australian Mining Industry Council. He was knighted in 1978.
\BDescription:\b Sir Roderick Carnegie \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
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"Carr, Robert",124,"e\6\bcarr.jpg","c","0"
Bob Carr is the current Premier for New South Wales, defeating Fahey in the March 1995 elections.
Carr has a BA (Hons) and his employment history includes working for ABC radio as a journalist, an education officer with the NSW Labor Council, and a journalist for \IThe Bulletin.\i Bob Carr joined the Labor Party when he was only 15.
In 1983 he was the member for Maroubra in Sydney, 1984-88 the Minister for Planning and Environment, 1986-88 the Minister for Heritage, 1986 the Minister for Consumer Affairs and from 1988-1995 Carr was the Opposition Leader in New South Wales until he became Premier.
\BDescription:\b Bob Carr \I(Office of the Premier of NSW)\i
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"Casey, Richard Gardiner",125,"0","g","0"
(Baron Casey of Berwick, Victoria, and of the City of Westminster) (1890-1976)
\IDiplomat, administrator and Liberal Party politician; governor-general of Australia 1965-69.\i
Casey was born in Brisbane and educated in Melbourne and at Cambridge University. After war service and working as a mining engineer, he was appointed to the newly created post of Australian Liaison Officer in London in 1924 and was thus involved in the formulation of the Balfour Formula and the Statute of Westminster, which defined the legislative power of Australia and the other dominions of the British Empire. In 1931 he was elected to the House of Representatives as the member for Corio, Victoria, being treasurer in the Lyons government 1935-39 and minister for supply and development in the first Menzies government 1939-40.
In 1940 he was appointed minister plenipotentiary in Washington, beginning Australia's formal diplomatic representation overseas. He was a member of the British War Cabinet during World War II and governor of Bengal 1944-46.
In 1949 Casey was re-elected to the House of Representatives as the Liberal member for Latrobe, Victoria, and was minister for external affairs 1951-60. In this post he worked to develop Australia's relations with Asia and to foster the American alliance. He retired in 1960, unable to rise further in the Liberal Party because of his strained relations with Menzies.
He was granted a life peerage on his retirement, the first outside the United Kingdom, and was governor-general of Australia 1965-69. His writings include \IAn Australian in India\i (1947), the autobiographical \IPersonal Experience, 1939-46\i (1962) and \IThe Future of the Commonwealth\i (1963). An edited version of his diaries kept while foreign minister was published in 1972.
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"Cash, Martin",126,"e\6\cash.jpg","c","0"
(1809-77)
\IBushranger in Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania) who later reformed and became caretaker of Hobart Botanic Gardens.\i
Cash was born in Ireland, the son of a wealthy landowner. He was sentenced to transportation after shooting a man in an argument over a woman and arrived in Sydney in 1828. After receiving his ticket of leave, he was suspected of cattle duffing and fled to Van Diemen's Land, where he was sentenced to imprisonment with hard labour for stealing farm produce.
He escaped from Port Arthur with two others and the three operated a successful bushranging gang until Cash became involved in another romantic dispute, this time after hearing rumours about his wife who lived in Hobart. He shot a policeman and was sentenced to life imprisonment on Norfolk Island but received a pardon in 1853 after showing himself to be reformed.
He returned to Hobart, where he was for a time the caretaker of the Botanic Gardens, and died a respected citizen a few weeks before the last prisoners left Port Arthur. His autobiography, \IThe Adventures of \JMartin Cash\j,\i was published in 1870 but it is uncertain whether the book was written by Cash or by its editor, James Lester Burke. It was used as a source by \JMarcus Clarke\j in a description of an escape from Port Arthur in \IFor the Term of His Natural Life\i (1874).
\BDescription:\b Martin Cash \I(Jonathan King)\i
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"Cassab, Judy",127,"e\6\jcassab.jpg","c","0"
(1920-)
\IArtist noted as a portrait painter.\i
\JJudy Cassab\j was born in Vienna, Austria, and studied in Prague and Budapest before migrating to Sydney in 1951. She held her first Sydney exhibition in 1953 and has become well known for her expressionist portraits of Australian artists, actors, writers and musicians, including those of Robert Helpmann and Joan Sutherland, commissioned for the Sydney Opera House. She has twice won the Archibald Prize (in 1960 and in 1967), on the second occasion with a work depicting fellow painter Margo Lewers. In this Cassab combined broad abstract forms with the demands of portraiture to project a satisfying likeness of her subject. Her work is represented in the Australian \JNational Gallery\j, \JCanberra\j, most state art galleries, the National Portrait Gallery, London, and the \JNational Gallery\j of Budapest. She was appointed a trustee of the Art Gallery of New South Wales in 1983. She became Officer of the Order of Australia in 1988.
\IConvict pioneer whose letters give a simply written yet colourful account of life in the early days of the New South Wales colony.\i
\JMargaret Catchpole\j was born in England and arrived in Australia in 1801, having been sentenced to death twice - first for horse stealing and then for escaping from Ipswich Gaol - and having had both sentences transmuted to transportation. She was first sent to work as a cook, then as a midwife at the Rouse household at North Richmond. She remained in this area until her death, nursing, delivering babies, tending a small farm which she established and running a small drapery shop with goods sent to her by friends in England. She was pardoned in 1814.
Up to 1812 she wrote letters to her uncle and aunt in England containing personal accounts of her loneliness, as well as her determined independence ('I will hav no husband'), accounts of the hardships of the early settlers in general and descriptions of the country and wildlife. Her letters of 1806 and 1809 are the only known eyewitness accounts of the Hawkesbury floods.
\BDescription:\b Margaret Catchpole \I(Jonathan King)\i
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"Cato, Nancy",129,0,g,0
(1917- )
Nancy Cato, Australian author, was born Nancy Fotheringham Cato on 11th March 1917 in Adelaide. She later lived in Queensland and wrote a number of books about the Murray River area of South Australia, such as \IAll the Rivers Run\i, which was made into a television mini-series in 1983. Her other works include \ITime Flows Softly\i and \IBut - Still Runs the Stream\i. Cato wrote verse which appeared as a collection in \IThe Darkened Window\i, \IThe Dancing Bough\i, and \IMarigold\i.
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"Cavill Family",130,"e\7\percy.jpg","c","0"
\IFamily of swimmers credited with developing the swimming stroke known as the 'Australian crawl'.\i
\JFrederick Cavill\j (1839-1927) migrated from England in 1879 and became a swimming teacher. His six sons all became champion swimmers. Charles (1871-97) was the first person to swim the Golden Gate, San Francisco (1896).
Arthur Roland Channel (1877-1914) was the professional champion of Australia for 220 yards at the age of 21, and is usually credited with the origin of the 'crawl'. The stroke is believed to have first been introduced into Australia by a Solomon Islander, but Cavill developed it and, with his brothers, made it a force in competition swimming. He went to the United States where he worked as a swimming coach, and also swam the Golden Gate before dying after swimming across Seattle Harbour in bitterly cold conditons.
Sydney St Leonards (1880-1945) was amateur 220 yards champion of Australia at the age of sixteen and also taught swimming in the United States. He was the originator of the butterfly stroke. Richard Theophilus (1884-1938) won eighteen Australian championships and was the first person to use the 'crawl' in competition swimming. He was also the first person to swim 100 yards in less than a minute.
\IOrnithological artist who specialised in Australian birds.\i
Neville Cayley was born in Yamba in northern New South Wales. His father, Neville H.P. Cayley, was well known for his paintings of game birds, leading Neville junior to add the middle initial W to his signature to lessen confusion. In the 1920s Cayley became deeply interested in ornithology and began to concentrate more on technical details than on artistic considerations in his bird paintings. His best selling book, \IWhat Bird is That?,\i first appeared in 1931 and has since gone into many editions. It gives colour illustrations and descriptions of all Australian birds.
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"Cazneaux, Harold Pierce",132,"0","g","0"
(1878-1953)
\IPhotographer who was a leader of the pictorialist school in Australia.\i
Harold Cazneaux was born in New Zealand. His father, Pierce Cazneau, was an Australian photographer who had been chief operator at Freeman's studios in Sydney. Harold later added an x to his surname to emphasise his French ancestry.
The family returned to Australia in the late 1880s and settled in Adelaide. Harold worked in a photography studio as a retoucher and colourist while studying at night at the Adelaide School of Design. His interest in photography did not become intense until he saw the work of John Kauffmann who had studied with the pioneers of the pictorialist movement in England. Cazneaux agreed with the aims of this movement which were to make photographs more like paintings or etchings by adding detail and tonality during the printing stage.
In 1904 he moved to Sydney and worked at Freeman's studios, eventually becoming chief operator like his father before him. In his spare time he photographed old parts of Sydney in the pictorialist style and held his first exhibition in 1909. Some of these photographs were later shown at the London Salon of Photography; from that time until near the end of his life he regularly had photos placed in \IPhotograms of the Year,\i the English review of world pictorial photography, and in Kodak's \IAustralasian Photo Review.\i In the World War I period the style of his photos changed with greater emphasis on conveying the brightness and sunshine of Australia rather than sombre English tones.
He and five other like minded photographers founded the Sydney Camera Circle in 1916. In 1918 he left Freeman's and set up his own studio in Roseville where he was later helped by his daughters. From 1916 to 1942 his work featured in \IHome,\i a high class society magazine started by Sydney Ure Smith. Ure Smith also published many books which included his work. In 1934-35 he took on the unusual commission of photographing BHP's steelworks in Newcastle and iron mines in South Australia; these remain a noted example of industrial photography.
In 1937 Cazneaux was made an honorary Fellow of the Royal Photographic Society. He continued to work into the 1940s but the heyday of pictorial photography had now passed. Many collections of his photographs have been published, including a selection by photographer \JMax Dupain\j published by the National Library of Australia in 1978.
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"Chadwick, Virginia",133,0,g,0
(1944- )
Virginia Chadwick, former New South Wales Liberal politician, was born Virginia Anne Walls in Newcastle, New South Wales on 19th December 1944. She attended Newcastle Grammar School and graduated from the Newcastle Teachers College. She married Bruce Chadwick on 7th January 1967 and has a daughter Amanda and a son David. She worked at the Newcastle Technical College from 1970-73 and was self-employed in the computer industry until she entered politics for the New South Wales Upper House in 1978. She was Minister for Family and Community Services from 1988-90 and Minister for Education until 1995.
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"Chaffey Brothers",134,"e\7\gchaffey.jpg","c","0"
\IEngineers who pioneered the irrigation of the lower Murray area and established the towns of Mildura and Renmark.\i
\JGeorge Chaffey\j (1848-1932) and William Benjamin Chaffey (1856-1926) were born in Canada and trained as engineers. They set up an irrigation colony in California in the 1880s and came to Australia following a visit to America by \JAlfred Deakin\j to investigate methods of water conservation and irrigation.
The brothers arrived in 1886 and, after wranglings in the Victorian Legislative Assembly, where they were dubbed 'Yankee Landgrabbers', were granted land along the lower Murray in return for agreed developments including irrigation. In 1887 the company Chaffey Brothers Ltd was floated and townships were established at Mildura and Renmark, with residential blocks as well as irrigated blocks for fruitgrowing and general crops being offered for sale. A third brother, Charles, arrived to help in the management. Hundreds of kilometres of channels were excavated, pumping engines installed and large areas were made fruit producing.
However, by 1895 the firm Chaffey Brothers had gone into liquidation, beset by problems such as the collapse of the Victorian land boom, the slowness and risks of marketing dependent on Murray River paddlesteamers and the caving in of uncemented channels due to tunnelling by the Murray crayfish.
Amid claims of mismanagement, \JGeorge Chaffey\j returned to the United States where he became involved in further irrigation projects. William remained in Mildura and saw the settlement's fortunes turned around by the success of wine grapes and dried fruits. He became a leading municipal figure in the area and was known as the 'father of Mildura'.
\BDescription:\b George Chaffey \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
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"Chalk, Sir Gordon",135,0,g,0
(1913-91)
Sir Gordon Chalk, former long serving Queensland treasurer, was born Gordon William Chalk in Rosewood, Queensland on 16th May 1913. He started out as a salesman and eventually became sales manager for a foundry in Toowoomba. He married his wife Ellen in May 1937, entered politics in 1947, and rose to the position of Queensland parliamentary leader of the Liberal Party.
The Liberals, under his leadership, were for many years in coalition with the Bjelke Petersen-led Nationals, where Chalk served as deputy premier and as premier for seven days in 1968. He died in Melbourne on 26th April 1991, aged 77.
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"Chamberlain, Lindy",136,"0","g","0"
(1948- )
\IMother who was gaoled after being found guilty of the murder of her baby daughter, Azaria, who disappeared at Uluru \J(Ayers Rock)\j in 1980, and who was later completely exonerated.\i
Lindy Chamberlain, wife of a Seventh Day Adventist pastor, Michael Chamberlain, became a national figure with the disappearance of their infant daughter and the court cases which followed.
The family was camping at Uluru \J(Ayers Rock)\j in August 1980 when the baby, Azaria, disappeared. Her mother said she saw her taken from the tent into the night by a dingo. The baby's body was never found. A coroner's inquest in February 1981 found that the child was killed by a dingo.
However, following growing police and public suspicion of the Chamberlains' unusual behaviour, especially the calmness of Lindy, and the collection of new scientific evidence, the case was reopened. After a second inquest, the Chamberlains were committed for trial in the Darwin Supreme Court. In October 1982 Lindy Chamberlain was found guilty of murder and gaoled; her husband was found guilty of being an accessory after the fact and placed on a good behaviour bond that allowed him to care for the couple's two sons.
Lindy gave birth to another daughter while she was in gaol. In 1986 the discovery of a baby's matinee jacket at the base of the Rock, believed to be Azaria's, led to Lindy's release from gaol and the setting up of a judicial inquiry under Justice Trevor Morling. His report of 1987, which questioned the reliability of the forensic evidence at the trial, found that in all probability the dingo story was correct.
The Northern Territory government pardoned the couple and in 1988 their convictions were quashed. A compensation payment in excess of $1 million was announced by the Northern Territory government in 1992.
Among other literature on the case, John Bryson's \IEvil Angels\i was published in 1985 and later made into an internationally released film with the American actor Meryl Streep portraying Lindy Chamberlain. Since her release from gaol, Lindy Chamberlain has appeared in the media and in 1990 published her autobiography, \IThrough My Eyes.\i
Lindy and her husband Michael have since divorced with Lindy remarrying and setting up a new life in America.
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"Chaney, Fred",137,vchang.jpg,g,0
(1941- )
Fred Chaney, former deputy leader of the Federal Liberal Party and Western Australian senator, was born in Perth on 28th October 1941. He became a senator for Western Australia in 1974 and rose to minister for Social Security in the Fraser Government. In 1990, he moved from the Senate to the House of Representatives and many felt he had not got over the trauma of losing his deputy leader position in a 1991 party ballot. In 1992 he announced he would stand down and not seek re-election in 1993.
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"Chang, Victor Peter",138,"e\7\vchang.jpg","c","0"
(1937-91)
\IHeart transplant surgeon, noted for his work at St Vincents Hospital, Sydney.\i
Born in China of Australian born Chinese parents, Chang graduated in medicine and surgery from the University of Sydney. He performed his first heart transplant in February 1984 and subsequently became one of Australia's best known and most highly skilled heart transplant surgeons. He was chairman of the cardiac transplantation team at St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, and director of the Australian cardiac transplantation program.
In 1990 Chang's team at St Vincent's Hospital launched an economically priced artificial heart in which the spiral blood flow pattern minimises the risk of clot formation. The unit, which operates externally to the body, improves the chances of survival of patients waiting for a transplant. His fatal shooting in Sydney shocked the nation and was one of the incidents instrumental in achieving partial reform of the New South Wales gun laws in 1991.
\BDescription:\b Victor Chang \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
Ian Michael Chappell (1943- ) was born in Adelaide into a noted cricketing family and made his test debut against Pakistan at the age of 21. An aggressive batsman, he played in 75 tests, scoring 5345 runs for an average of 42.42. He was test captain 1971-75 and also captain of World Series cricket teams 1977-78, during which time he led his team to 15 wins, 10 draws and 5 losses.
Gregory Stephen Chappell (1948- ) was also born in Adelaide and made his test debut in 1970. When he retired in 1984, he had played in 88 tests and was Australia's highest scoring batsman with 7,110 runs for an average of 53.86. He scored a century in his first and last tests. In 1975 he replaced his brother, Ian, as Australian captain. Of the 48 tests he led as captain, 21 were won, 13 lost and 14 drawn.
A third brother, Trevor Chappell (1952- ), also played in several tests as an all rounder and medium pace bowler. In 1981 he was involved in the controversial 'underarm' incident when, in a one day match against New Zealand, he was ordered by his brother, captain \JGreg Chappell\j, to bowl the last ball of the game underarm, thus preventing any chance of New Zealand scoring and winning.
"Chifley, Joseph Benedict (Ben)",140,"e\7\bchifley.jpg","c","0"
(1885-1951)
\ILabor politician who was prime minister of Australia 1945-49.\i
Ben Chifley was born in Bathurst, New South Wales, and was largely self educated. He joined the New South Wales government railways in 1903, became a locomotive driver and was active in his local union. His political activity increased following his victimisation by management after the 1917 railway strike.
From 1928 to 1931 he held the federal seat of Macquarie for the Labor Party. He lost his seat in 1931 and was re-elected in 1940. In the meantime, he worked to defeat the influence of ex-premier \JJack Lang\j in the New South Wales Labor Party and to heal the divisions in the party that had resulted from Lang's leadership. As treasurer and minister for postwar reconstruction in the wartime Labor government led by \JJohn Curtin\j, Chifley was responsible for rationing and price controls.
Chifley became party leader and prime minister following Curtin's death in 1945, while also maintaining the treasury portfolio. The key features of his postwar reconstruction program were full employment, plus an expanded immigration scheme to supplement Australia's small workforce, and the institution of the welfare state. His government also established the Snowy Mountains Hydro Electric Scheme, Trans Australia Airlines and the Australian National University.
The continuation of wartime regulations and attempts to nationalise certain private industries, notably the banks, led to a loss in his popularity and Chifley's government lost power in the election of 1949. He remained as opposition leader until his death. Chifley's memory is revered in Labor Party circles, particularly for his commitment to bettering of the lot of ordinary people, an objective he referred to in a 1949 speech as 'the light on the hill'.
\BDescription:\b Joseph Chifley \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
\IArchaeologist and political theorist whose writings pioneered the modern discipline of prehistory.\i
Born in Sydney, Childe studied at the University of Sydney and at Oxford. After World War I he was virtually barred from taking up a position as tutor in ancient history at Sydney University because of his socialist beliefs and involvement in the anti-conscription movement and other political activities. He was personal secretary to the Labor premier of New South Wales, John Storey, in 1920-21 and in 1923 published a political study, \IHow Labour Governs.\i He saw Australia's political history in terms of an idealist Labor Party foundering on the limitations of the parliamentary system and betrayed by members only interested in gaining office.
Childe explored several archaeological sites over the next few years in Egypt, Europe, the Middle East and India. The result was his classic work \IThe Dawn of European Civilisation\i (1925). This led to his appointment as professor of prehistoric archaeology at the University of Edinburgh, where he remained from 1927 to 1946. During this time he conducted several major excavations in Britain and published many books and papers which revolutionised archaeology and developed his theory that different cultural elements could combine to form new complex civilisations. He was considered the leading prehistorian in Britain. From 1946 until his retirement in 1956 he was professor of prehistoric European archaeology at the University of London. After his retirement he returned to Australia and in 1957 jumped to his death over Govett's Leap in the New South Wales \JBlue Mountains\j.
\BDescription:\b Gordon Childe \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
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"Chipp, Donald Leslie",142,"e\7\dchipp.jpg","c","0"
(1925- )
\IFederal politician who, as an ex Liberal Party member, was one of the founders of the Australian Democrats party.\i
Chipp was born and educated in Melbourne and became a management consultant. He was a member of the Kew city council 1955-62 and in 1960 was elected to the House of Representatives as the Liberal member for Higinbotham, Victoria. He was minister for the navy from 1966 to 1967 when Prime Minister Gorton dropped him in the aftermath of the \IVoyager\i collision enquiry. From 1969 to 1972 he was minister for customs and excise, from which time his liberalisation of censorship laws gained him the reputation of being a small 'l' liberal.
After the 1975 elections he was not reappointed to the ministry by Malcom Fraser; in 1977 he resigned from the Liberals and founded the Australian Democrats, a party which set out to be a centre group responsive to all sections of the community, particularly on controversial or neglected issues. It took a clear stand against uranium mining and in defence of environmental issues. Chipp was elected to the Senate in 1977 as a representative of this party and in 1978 became its parliamentary leader, promising to 'keep the bastards honest'. He held this position until his resignation in 1986.
\BDescription:\b Donald Chipp \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
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"Chisholm, Caroline",143,chisolm.jpg,c,0
(1808-77)
\IPhilanthropist who helped immigrant women in the early days of the New South Wales colony.\i
Born in England as Caroline Jones, she came to Australia with her soldier husband in 1838 and settled at Windsor. She quickly became concerned about the plight of new immigrants, particularly women and girls. By 1841 she had set up a home for unemployed women and, with \JGovernor Gipps\j' approval, was arranging for women to be met at the wharves. She established a series of committees to extend her own work and pursued a policy of finding employment for women in rural areas, personally accompanying groups of women on job seeking expeditions to the country. In this way she helped to alleviate urban unemployment and overcome a rural labour shortage.
Caroline Chisholm saw female immigration as the answer to the colony's social problems, wives and children being 'God's police'. She actively promoted this policy, with the publication in 1842 of \IFemale Immigration Considered\i and, from 1846, by work in Britain which resulted in the formation in 1850 of her Family Colonisation Loan Scheme which organised and financed family emigration. She returned to Australia in 1854, continuing her work and touring the goldfields of Victoria. Ill health led her to return to England in 1866 where she was granted a pension until her death.
Keith Chisholm, Australian fighter pilot in WWII, was born in Sydney on 2nd December 1918. He was educated at Newington College, and later abandoned a dentistry course at Sydney University to join the RAAF in 1939. In March 1941, after training in Canada, he was posted to England where he participated in daredevil flying stunts.
He was shot down over Calais in France by German fighters on 12th October 1941, was captured, and became a POW in Stalag 7B in Czechoslovakia, from where he eventually escaped. He was at Point Cook in Victoria doing a training course when Japan surrendered to end WWII. After the war, Chisholm became a wool buyer for a French firm, and little was heard of him until his death in New York on 23rd August 1991, aged 73.
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"Churcher, Betty",145,0,g,0
(1931- )
Betty Churcher, first woman Director of the Australian National Gallery in Canberra, was born in Brisbane on 11th January 1931. She was educated at Somerville House in Brisbane and later at the London College of Art, and Institute of Fine Arts. She started out as a high school art teacher and became Dean of the Phillip Institute of Technology Art and Design school. She is Chairperson of the Visual Arts Board and Deputy Chairperson of the Australia Council. She married artist Roy Churcher on 10th September 1955 and has four sons.
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"Cilento Family",146,"0","g","0"
\IFamily noted in medicine and other activities.\i
Lady Phyllis Dorothy Cilento (1894-1987) was born in Sydney as Phyllis McGlew and graduated in medicine from the University of Adelaide. She undertook postgraduate studies in Malaysia, New Guinea, London, Paris and New York. She became a well known medical writer and broadcaster who was for many years medical columnist of the Brisbane Courier Mail. She founded the Mothercraft Association of Queensland in 1930 and was president of the Queensland Medical Women's Association 1938-47. She published numerous books on nutrition, child care and birth control.
Her husband, Sir Raphael West Cilento (1893-1985), was born in Jamestown, South Australia, and studied medicine at the University of Adelaide and the London School of Tropical Medicine. He became a noted medical practitioner in Queensland, specialising in tropical medicine. He was director general of Health and Medical Services in Queensland 1934-45 and president of the Medical Board of Queensland 1939-45. He worked with the United Nations 1946-51 and was knighted in 1935.
Their daughter, (Elizabeth) Diane Cilento (1934- ), was born in Brisbane. She studied acting at the American Academy of Dramatic Art and the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in Britain. The New York and London plays she performed in included \ITiger at the Gates, Heartbreak House\i and \IOrpheus Descending.\i
Her success on the stage led to film part offers in America and Britain and in 1963 she received acclaim for her show stealing supporting role in \ITom Jones\i for which she was nominated for an Oscar. Other films included \IRattle of a Simple Man\i (1964) and \IHitler, The Last Ten Days\i (1967). However, her film career was not considered as successful as her stage work. She returned to Australia in the mid 1970s after the end of her marriage to actor Sean Connery. In Australia her films included \IDuet for Four\i (1982) and the television film \IFor the Term of His Natural Life\i (1983). She also set up a health farm in Queensland. She published two novels, \IThe Manipulator\i (1968) and \IThe Hybrid\i (1970).
\IHistorian whose work attempts an overall interpretation of the Australian experience.\i
Born in Sydney, the son of an Anglican clergyman, \JManning Clark\j was educated in Melbourne and studied at the University of Melbourne and at Oxford. He taught history in Melbourne and \JCanberra\j from 1946 to 1975 and published collections of documents of Australian history which became basic texts for students.
In 1956 he began his major work \IA History of Australia,\i published in six volumes from 1962 to 1987. One of its major themes is the role of religion in nineteenth century Australia - he saw a powerful interplay between Protestantism, Catholicism and the intellectual Enlightenment. He saw the later dominance of conservatism in Australia's political and social life as a negative force. One of his many arguments was the necessity of breaking free from British 'philistinism'. His work and his public comments on Australian politics and culture made him a noted and widely discussed figure and made the study and interpretation of Australia's past a lively issue. He argued that the writing of history should be done with 'moral passion'.
He attracted a wide following as well as inspiring heated academic debate with the accompanying criticism that his moral and apocalyptic style of writing was at the expense of factual accuracy. The two volumes of his autobiography, \IThe Puzzles of Childhood\i (1989) and \IThe Quest for Grace\i (1990), were his last major publications.
\BDescription:\b Manning Clark \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
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"Clark, Colin Grant",148,"e\7\cclark.jpg","c","0"
(1905-89)
\IEconomist noted for his work on the national accounts of Australia and on agricultural economics.\i
Born in England, Clark was a lecturer at Cambridge University from 1931 to 1937. In 1938 he came to Queensland where he became director of the Bureau of Industry and financial adviser to the Queensland Treasury. His book, \IThe National Income of Australia\i (1938), which he co authored with J. Crawford, was a key work on the Australian national accounts. His widely publicised opposition to theories of population control were used by the Catholic Church as an economic basis for arguments against birth control. Another important part of his theories was the proposition that taxation should not pass a limit of 25 per cent.
From 1952 to 1967 he was director of the Agricultural Economics Institute at Oxford University in England, and then returned to Australia where he became director of the Institute of Economic Progress at Monash University, Melbourne. From 1977 he was an honorary research consultant at the University of Queensland. He continued his research and writing well into the 1980s. His other publications include \IThe Conditions of Economic Progress\i (1940) and \IThe Value of Agricultural Land\i (1973).
\BDescription:\b Colin Clark \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
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"Clarke, Adrienne Elizabeth",149,"0","g","0"
(1938- )
\IBotanist and science administrator.\i
Born in Melbourne and educated at the University of Melbourne, Clarke became reader in botany at Melbourne University in 1981, director of the Plant Cell Biology Research Centre in 1982 and was appointed to a personal chair in Botany at Melbourne University in 1985. She was appointed to the board of \JCSIRO\j in 1986 and became chairperson in 1991.
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"Clarke, Marcus Andrew Hislop",150,"0","g","0"
(1846-81)
\IWriter best known for his classic convict novel, For the Term of His Natural Life.\i
Clarke was born in England, where he was a close friend of the poet Gerard Manley Hopkins during his school days. After experiencing family financial problems, he emigrated to Australia in 1863. While working in a bank and on sheep stations, he began contributing to Melbourne newspapers and journals, such as the \IArgus\i and the \IAustralasian.\i He also held brief proprietorships of several journals and experienced a number of bankruptcies. At the same time he became a leading figure in Melbourne's bohemian cafe society.
In 1870 Clarke was given an assignment by the \IArgus\i to research convict history in Tasmania. From this resulted his most famous work, \IHis Natural Life,\i which first appeared as a serial in the \IAustralian Journal\i (1870-72) and was published as a book in a revised form in 1874. The full title, \IFor the Term of His Natural Life\i was given to the edition published by Angus & Robertson in 1929. Though tending to melodrama it has remained popular by virtue of its compelling narrative power and the human interest of its story. As well as this work and his newspaper articles, Clarke also wrote several other novels, a play, short stories, poems and historical works.
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"Clavell, James",151,0,g,0
(1924-94)
James Clavell, Australian author of \IShogun,\i was born in Sydney, the son of a British Naval officer, on 10th October 1924. He grew up in England and served with the Royal Artillery during WWII and in 1942 was captured and imprisoned with Australia's Weary Dunlop at Changi. He left the Army as a Captain and drifted from one job to another until he decided to become a film director and headed for Hollywood. He became a screenwriter for \IThe Fly,\i \IFive Gates to Hell,\i \IThe Great Escape,\i \ITo Sir With Love\i and \ILast Valley.\i
In 1960 he wrote \IKing Rat,\i detailing his life as a prisoner of war, and followed this in 1966 with \ITai-Pan\i which sold three million copies in paperback alone. In 1975, \IShogun\i remained on the bestseller list for 32 weeks, selling over 3.5 million copies in paperback. It became a hit television mini-series starring Richard Chamberlain, rating second only to \IRoots\i in USA television history. \ITai-Pan\i was made into a television movie starring Bryan Brown and \INobel House\i was made into a four-part television mini-series.
His other books include \IWhirlwind,\i sold at auction for a record $5 million and remained on the bestseller list for more than 20 weeks. He loved his work on the children's book \IThrump-O-Moto,\i and his last book was \IGai-Jin.\i He became a US citizen in 1963, and died from cancer at his home in Switzerland on 6th September 1994, aged 69.
#
"Cleary, John",152,0,g,0
(1917- )
John Cleary, Australian novelist, was born in Sydney on 22nd November 1917. He served in the Middle East and New Guinea during WWII and became a part-time writer in 1945. His books include \IYou Can't See Around Corners\i, \IThe Sundowners\i, \IThe High Commissioner\i, \IHigh Road to China\i, \IA Very Private War\i, \IFaraway Drums\i and \IPhoenix Tree\i.
#
"Cleggett, Ada",153,0,g,0
(1885-1995)
Ada Cleggett, is credited with being Australia's oldest person. She was born Ada Ethel Sarah Gentle at Booleroo Centre, South Australia on 27th January 1885. She worked as a domestic until she married her husband Thomas Cleggett in 1911 and had seven children, her last when she was 44. She suffered continually from poor health and in 1993, having lost everything, she sold her wedding ring. In 1976, her husband died, aged 92 and Ada lost her sight at 95, and later became deaf. She became Australia's oldest person and died at her home in Cummins, South Australia on 8th December 1995, aged 110. (The world's oldest woman was French woman Jeanne Calment who died on 4th August 1997, aged 122.)
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"Clift, Charmian",154,"0","g","0"
(1923-69)
\INovelist and journalist, best known for her popular weekly newspaper column published in the\i Sydney Morning Herald \Iduring the 1960s.\i
Born in Kiama, New South Wales, Charmian Clift served in the Women's Army Service during World War II; after the war she became a journalist on the \IMelbourne Argus,\i where she met George Johnston, already well known as a war correspondent. They married in 1947 and in 1948 won the \ISydney Morning Herald\i prize for a novel which they had written together, \IHigh Valley.\i They later collaborated on two other books. In 1950 they moved to London and in 1954 to Greece where they lived mainly on the island of Hydra with their three children. On Hydra, Clift wrote four novels, two of which dealt with the family's experiences in Greece, \IMermaid Singing\i (1956) and \IPeel Me a Lotus\i (1959). On their return to Sydney in 1964 she became a nationally known newspaper contributor, her fluent, witty and personal essay style attracting a wide readership. Some of her essays were published in the collections \IImages in Aspic\i (1965) and \IThe World of Charmian Clift\i (1970). She committed suicide in 1969.
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"Clune, Frank",155,0,g,0
(1893-1971)
Frank Clune, Australian character author, who wrote over 60 books, was born Francis Patrick Clune at Woolloomooloo, Sydney on 11th March 1893. He sold newspapers in Devonshire Street, Sydney from the age of 10 before and after school. At 14 he began work in a cane chair factory and then was a messenger for the Government Printing Office. He was sacked two years later for organising the messengers into a Union and starting "go slow" tactics. He then ran away to sea and boarded a German wheat carrier; after arriving in Antwerp, he stowed away to New York on a cattle boat.
He joined the US Army but deserted when assigned to the cavalry. Clune served for a while in the Canadian Mounties but resigned again because of his adversity to horses. He returned to Australia and joined the AIF at Gallipoli, but was repatriated home in 1916 with a shrapnel wound to his ankle. He married in 1923 and fathered two sons and, after a series of jobs, set himself up as a tax agent. He began writing in 1933. His stories of Australia's history dealt a lot with bushrangers and included \IBen Hall, The Wild Colonial Boy, Pacific Parade, Captain Bully Hayes\i and \IRoaming Around New Zealand.\i He died on 11th March 1971, aged 77.
#
"Clunies Ross, Sir Ian",156,"0","g","0"
(1899-1959)
\IVeterinary scientist and science administrator, remembered for his efforts in shaping the \JCSIRO\j and in promoting research in the sheep and wool industry.\i
Born in Bathurst, New South Wales, Clunies Ross graduated in veterinary science from the University of Sydney in 1922. After postgraduate work in parasitology in England, he joined the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in 1926 and become the first officer in charge of the McMaster Animal Health Laboratory in 1931.
He served on the International Wool Secretariat 1937-40, then was appointed professor of veterinary science at Sydney University. In 1946 he became a member of the CSIR executive; when this body was reconstituted as the \JCSIRO\j in 1949, Clunies Ross became the first chairman, holding this position until his death. The \JIan Clunies Ross\j Memorial Foundation, which promotes Australian scientific and technological research, was established in his honour. He was knighted in 1954.
#
"Cobb, Freeman",157,0,g,0
(1830-78)
Freeman Cobb, founder of the Australian stage coach company Cobb & Co., was born in America on 10th October 1878. He came to Melbourne in 1853 and set up his Cobb and Company coachline in December the same year. He later returned to America where he was financially ruined and died in 1878, aged 48. His company continued until 1924.
\IAboriginal activist, filmmaker, singer and songwriter.\i
A member of the Murrawarri people of north western New South Wales, \JEssie Coffey\j was born near the town of Goodooga. Her parents escaped a government round up to gather Aborigines in the area on to mission stations and reserves and she remains proud that she was 'born free'. As a child she moved from station to station with her parents in search of odd jobs, until they eventually settled in Brewarrina. As a teenager she joined up with two Aboriginal youths and the three travelled in the area, helping their people and, with the help of a white solicitor, founded the Western Aboriginal Legal Service.
A mother of eight natural and ten adopted children, Coffey for years travelled the New South Wales north west, playing the guitar and singing with her band, the Black Images. She also performed as a country and western singer in Sydney venues.
In 1979 with a grant from the Australian Film Commission and the help of feminist filmmaker Martha Ansara, she made an autobiographical film, \IMy Survival as an Aborigine,\i which showed the lifestyle and problems of her people. It won the Rouben Mamoulian Award and the Greater Union Award for Best Short Film. An active member (and the only woman member) of the New South Wales Aboriginal Advisory Council and Aboriginal Lands Trust, the 'Bush Queen', as she is known in Brewarrina, was in 1991 invited to join the new 25 member National Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation.
\IBookseller and publisher of humorous miscellanies such as Cole's Funny Picture Book.\i
Born in England, Cole ran away from home at an early age and in 1850 went to the Cape Colony. In 1852 he came to Australia, going first to the Victorian goldfields. In 1865 he opened a second hand bookstall in Melbourne's Eastern Market and in 1873 expanded this into his first 'Book Arcade' in Bourke Street. By 1879 he had leased the whole market area which he then turned into a popular resort. His arcade was moved to larger premises again in Bourke Street in 1883 and became one of Australia's largest book businesses, the public being attracted by the bazaar like atmosphere, with band entertainment, funny mirrors, slot machines, animal displays and so on.
Cole opened his own printing office and published his compilations of funny pictures and other miscellaneous items. The best known of these is \ICole's Funny Picture Book,\i first published in 1879. This and further editions had sold more than a million copies by 1984. Others included \ICole's Fun Doctor\i (1886). He also published his own more serious works, which were rejected by other publishers - \IThe Real Place in History of Jesus and Paul\i (1867), a discussion of miracles, and \IA White Australia Impossible\i (1898), an argument against the White Australia policy. In 1913 he published C. J. Dennis' first book of verse, \IBackblock Ballads.\i
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"Cole, Tom",160,0,g,0
(1906-95)
Tom Cole, one of Australia's leading bushmen, was born in Sussex, England on 28th February 1906. He came to Australia with his parents in 1923 and was soon employed at a pastoral company. He rode the ranges from Queensland to Western Australia as a stockman, broke horses, was a station owner, crocodile shooter, and was regarded by many as the original Crocodile Dundee.
He published his first book \IHell West and Crooked\i when he was 80. His other books were \ISpears and Smoke Signals\i and \ICrocodiles and Other Characters.\i He moved to New Guinea in 1950 and stayed for 30 years before he died in Sydney on 9th December 1995, aged 89. His wife Kathleen died in 1987. Cole is survived by his daughters Kathryn and Gabriella, and son-in-law journalist Laurie Oaks.
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"Coles, G. J.",161,0,g,0
(1885-1977)
Sir G. J. Coles, Australian retailer, was born George James Coles in Jung, Victoria on 28th March 1885. He was wounded in the leg during WWI and convalesced in the United States where he met retailer F. W. Woolworth, and returned home with a recipe for success. He opened his first store on 4th November 1914. In 1919, with his brother, he opened a store in Smith Street, Collingwood where nothing was priced over 2 shillings and sixpence, a policy which continued until 1938.
The Coles chain has since bought Myers, Grace Bros, Liquorland, Fays Shoes, Target and K-Mart. He died on 4th December 1977, aged 92.
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"Coles, Sir Norman",162,0,g,0
(1907-89)
Sir Norman Coles, son of retail founder G. J. Coles, and the youngest of the four Coles brothers, was born in Victoria on 10th September 1907. At the time of his death, 24th November 1989 aged 82, Coles was the world's eleventh largest retailing group. He was the last surviving member of the family who were all knighted after taking their struggling retail stores set up by their father through the troubled Depression years.
Sir Norman had begun his career as a storeman at the family's famous Smith Street Collingwood store after completing his education at Trinity Grammar School in Kew. He married his wife Verna Deague in 1932, and had a daughter Pamela and a son Bruce.
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"Coles, Phil",163,0,g,0
(1931- )
Phil Coles, Australian Olympic official, was born in Sydney on 20th July 1931. He was appointed Chef de Mission for the Moscow Olympics but because of Australia's black ban on the Games he was not allowed to carry an Australian flag and was required to march behind the International Olympic flag. He served as the Australian Olympic Committee's Secretary General at the time of Melbourne's Olympic bid for the 1996 Games, and was part of the successful bid for the Sydney 2000 Games.
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"Collins, Bill",164,0,g,0
(1928-97)
Bill Collins, Australian race caller, known as the "accurate one", was born William Henry Collins in the Gippsland town of Trafalgar in Victoria on 28th September 1928, the son of a bookmaker. After studying electrical engineering at Yallourn Technical School, he joined the State Electricity Commission as a clerk. He had called his first race at Lindenow at the age of 15 when the regular caller was late. He then began working as a breakfast announcer with 3TR Sale; in 1953, he joined 3DB and by 1954 was the station's number one race caller. In his first call for 3DB, he was sent to Ballarat where he correctly called a dead heat between Sir Dallas and Baharah.
He called 34 Caulfield and Melbourne Cups with his first Cup being the 1964 Melbourne Cup, won by Rising Fast. He called the English Derby and Epson three times. During the early days of television, he was host of HSV-7's \ISunnyside Up\i variety show and in the 1970s he called the trots for \IThe Penthouse Club\i and later co-hosted the show with Mary Hardy. He was also the regular race expert on \ISunday's World of Sport.\i In the 1980s, he joined 3UZ and became a director of the company when it was purchased by the Victorian TAB and named Sport 927. He called his last race on Easter Saturday 1988 with the race named in his honour.
He was also a keen supporter of the Sydney Swans football club and when they were still based in Melbourne, he was president of the South Melbourne football club. He was also a member of the Harness Racing Board and chairman of the Greyhound Control Board. Bill was awarded the Order of Australia medal for services to the media and the racing industry and was inducted into the Sporting Hall of Fame. He was survived by his wife Robyn, son John, and daughters Deborah and Linda. He died in his sleep at his Melbourne home on 14th June 1997, aged 68.
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"Collins, Bill (movies)",165,0,g,0
\I1935-\i
Bill Collins, Australian movie critic, was born in Sydney on 4th December 1935. He started out as a school teacher who lectured in philosophy and he lived for many years with his mother. He married his next door neighbour, Joan, after his motherÆs death in 1985. Over the years he has worked for all three commercial television stations as a movie host and critic, and from the mid 80s worked for Network Ten hosting \IThe Golden Years of Hollywood\i.
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"Collins, David",166,0,g,0
(1756-1810)
Judge David Collins, Australia's first judge and Chief Justice, was born at Exeter in Devon on 3rd March 1756. He joined the Marines at 14 and was a lieutenant at 17. After serving in the American War of Independence, he came to Australia with the First Fleet. After returning to England in 1797, he wrote a famous account of the colony's early history. He came back to Australia in 1803 and on 11th February 1788 Governor Arthur Phillip appointed him to set up Australia's first criminal court. He died from a heart attack while working at his desk on 24th March 1810, aged 54.
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"Conder, Charles Edward",167,"0","g","0"
(1868-1909)
\IAustralian impressionist painter; a member of the Heidelberg School.\i
\JCharles Conder\j was born in England and arrived in Australia in 1883. He worked as a surveyor with the Lands Department in Sydney and later on the \IIllustrated Sydney News\i while he studied art at night at the Royal Art Society of New South Wales. His early work, such as \IThe Departure of the SS Orient - Circular Quay,\i is impressionist in style. In 1888 in Melbourne Conder joined \JTom Roberts\j, with whom he shared a studio, and Frederick \JMcCubbin\j, forming the group which became known as the Heidelberg School. At weekends they went into the country at Edgemont and Heidelberg, painting in the open air in an attempt to capture truly the light and its effects on the landscape. The group held Australia's first impressionist exhibition, the '9 X 5' (named for the dimensions of the cigar box lids on which a number of the works were executed), in 1889. Conder left Australia for Paris in 1890, where he came under the influence of Toulouse Lautrec, and later moved to London where he was known for his fan designs, for his delicate watercolours painted on silk and for his lithograph sets such as \ICarnival\i (1905).
His work is represented in the Australian \JNational Gallery\j, \JCanberra\j, all state and many regional galleries, the MusΘe d'Orsay, Paris, and several public collections in Britain and the United States.
#
"Connell, Laurie",168,0,g,0
(1946-96)
Laurie Connell, former Western Australian merchant banker, was born Lawrence Robert Connell in Perth on 2nd April 1946, the son of a bus driver. After leaving school at 14, he started work as an office boy with the Western Australian Department of Industrial Development, and later worked for Poon Brothers as an accountant. He made his first million by the time he was 30 and at the age of 36 he had amassed $30 million. One of Australia's richest men in the 1980s, he often invested $50,000 on a single horserace and would regularly bet $500,000 a week.
His biggest business coup as head of Rothwells Bank was the $100 million service fee paid to him by Warwick Fairfax for the sale of Fairfax and Sons in 1987. He married his wife Elizabeth Willmott on 28th July 1969 and had a son Robert (1976) and a daughter Joanne (1974). His days as a corporate high flier were cut short after the October 1987 stockmarket crash, and his bank Rothwells was placed into provisional liquidation on 3rd November 1988.
In 1993, he was charged with fixing a horserace at Bunbury. In what became Western Australia's longest trial lasting six months, he was acquitted of race fixing charges on 9th May 1994, but found guilty of conspiracy to pervert the course of justice. It was alleged that he had paid jockey Danny Hobby huge amounts of money to stay out of Australia and a money trail around the world confirmed the allegations, with Hobby being arrested in Malaysia in 1991.
Connell was sentence to five years jail on 11th May 1994 with a non-parole period of 18 months. He was facing further charges when he died in Perth on 27th February 1996, aged 49.
#
"Cook, James",169,fp2-148.jpg,c,0
(1728-79)
Captain James Cook, English explorer and discoverer of Australia, was born in Cleveland, near Middlesborough, Yorkshire, England, on 27th October 1728, the son of a farmer. After working as a lowly paid apprentice with a shipping company, he joined the Navy in 1755 during the French and Indian war, and showed leadership skills during a trip to Canada where Britain captured Quebec.
He became the first European to visit New Zealand and in April 1770 sailed into Botany Bay, claiming the east coast of Australia for Britain. After painstakingly chartering the Eastern seaboard he returned to England. His final voyage ended in tragedy on 14th February 1779, when he was murdered by natives in the Pacific Islands.
\BDescription:\b Captain James Cook \I(Mitchell Library, State Library of NSW)\i
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"Cook, Sir Joseph",170,"e\7\joseph.jpg","c","0"
(1860-1947)
\IConservative and Nationalist politician who was prime minister 1913-14.\i
Born in England, Cook became a coalminer after coming to New South Wales in 1886; he found work at the Lithgow mines. He became secretary of the Miners' Association and won the seat of Hartley for the Labor Leagues in 1891. His association with the Labor Party was short lived; with a strong belief in individual rights, stemming from his strict Protestant upbringing, he refused to accept the right of the party to discipline its representatives. He aligned himself with the Free Trade group of \JGeorge Reid\j in the New South Wales parliament and then in the federal parliament, to which he was elected as the member for Parramatta in 1901.
In 1908 Cook became leader of the Free Trade Party and combined with \JAlfred Deakin\j and the Liberal Party to form the anti-Labor Fusion government in 1909. In 1913 Cook replaced Deakin as Liberal leader and his party gained a slim majority in the election of that year. Cook's term as prime minister was short. His legislative program was frustrated by the Labor controlled Senate, which led him to gamble on an early election in 1914 which he lost.
From 1917 to 1920 he was minister for the navy in Hughes' Nationalist government and represented Australia at the Versailles Peace Conference in 1919. He was treasurer from 1920 to 1921 and then retired from politics. From 1921 to 1927 he was Australia's high commissioner to London. He was knighted in 1918.
\BDescription:\b Sir Joseph Cook \I(Jonathan King)\i.
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"Coombs, Herbert Cole (Nugget)",171,"0","g","0"
(1906-97)
\IEconomist and governor of the Reserve Bank 1959-68.\i
H.C. Coombs was born in Kalamunda, Western Australia, and educated at the Perth Modern School, the University of Western Australia and the London School of Economics where his doctoral thesis was on central banking. After working with the Commonwealth Bank and in various Commonwealth government posts, he was appointed director of rationing by Prime Minister Curtin in 1943.
Following his success in this position he became director general of postwar reconstruction in which position he developed plans for full employment and alleviation of other social problems. In this he was guided by Keynesian principles and his own social concerns which had been sharpened during the Depression. In 1949 he was appointed governor of the Commonwealth Bank by the Chifley government and confirmed in this position by the new Menzies government. In 1959 the Menzies government separated the central banking functions of the bank and Coombs became governor of the Reserve Bank, remaining in this post until his retirement in 1968. He was also chairman of the bank's board.
Coombs also played a large part in other areas of public life in Australia, being the first chairman of the Elizabethan Theatre Trust (from 1964), later first chairman of the Council for the Arts (from 1968), and chancellor of the Australian National University (1968-76), an institution he had helped to found while head of postwar reconstruction. An active advocate of Aboriginal land rights, he was first chairman of the federal council for Aboriginal affairs established in 1968 and later one of the organisers of the Aboriginal Treaty Committee. He was also an active supporter of environmental causes. He was personal adviser to seven prime ministers from Curtin to Whitlam and is one of the most highly regarded Australian public administrators of the twentieth century.
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"Coote, Fiona",172,0,g,0
(1969- )
Fiona Coote was born near Tamworth, New South Wales in 1969. On 8th April 1984, aged only 14, she became Australia's youngest and first female heart transplant recipient, at Sydney's St. Vincent's Hospital, under the care of Dr \JVictor Chang\j. After suffering a setback eight weeks later, she then received a second heart.
She recovered and went on to become a model for television and magazines, and hostess of a real estate television show \IBricks and Mortar\i. She made a successful career for herself in advertising before marrying, at the age of 26, a Sydney advertising executive on 30th March 1996.
#
"Copland, Sir Douglas Berry",173,"e\7\copland.jpg","c","0"
(1894-1971)
\IEconomist, diplomat and administrator who was one of the formulators of the Premiers' Plan of 1931.\i
Born in New Zealand, Copland was professor of economics at the University of Tasmania from 1920 to 1924 and professor of commerce at the University of Melbourne from 1924 to 1944. One of the many Australian and New Zealand government committees on which he sat was the Review of the Australian Tariff, the report of which in 1928 was a major endorsement of the policy of protection.
In 1931 he was the chairman of a committee formed to advise the state premiers on measures to alleviate the Depression. The report of this committee was the basis of the Premiers' Plan. His other public positions included economic consultant to the prime minister 1941-45, Australian minister to China 1946-48, foundation vice chancellor of the Australian National University 1948-52 and Australian high commissioner to Canada 1953-56. His publications include \IThe Australian Economy\i (1931). He was knighted in 1950.
\BDescription:\b Sir Douglas Copland \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
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"Cornforth, Sir John Warcup",174,"0","g","0"
(1917- )
\IOrganic chemist who shared the 1975 Nobel Prize for chemistry for work on the structure of enzymes.\i
Born in Sydney, Cornforth gained the University of Sydney Medal for organic chemistry in 1937. He received a PhD from Oxford University in 1941 and has pursued his research career in Britain. At Oxford he undertook wartime work on penicillin and joined the National Institute for Medical Research in 1946. He became director of the Shell Research Milstead Laboratory, Kent, in 1962 and held the Royal Society Research chair at the University of Sussex 1975-82. He shared the 1975 Nobel Prize for chemistry with Vladimir Prelog for insights into the way the chemistry of enzymes is influenced by their three dimensional structure. In 1953 he became a Fellow of the Royal Society and was awarded the Corday Morgan Medal and prize of the Chemical Society. He was chosen as Australian of the Year in 1975 and knighted in 1977.
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"Corris, Peter",175,0,g,0
(1942- )
Peter Corris, Australian detective novelist, historian and scriptwriter, was born in Stawell, Victoria on 8th May 1942. Corris was educated at Melbourne High School and Melbourne's Monash University. Since 1975, he has worked as a freelance writer and sports journalist. He was literary editor of the \INational Times\i from 1977 to 1980.
In 1982, he won the World Boxing Council award for the best historical book on boxing and the same year won the WD & HO Wills Sports Journalist award. He lived with fellow crime writer Jean Bedford for 11 years and separated for seven years only to marry her in 1989. His books include \IThe Japanese Job.\i
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"Cossington Smith, Grace",176,"0","g","0"
(1892-1984)
\IPost impressionist artist; a leading Australian modernist painter in the 1920s and 1930s period.\i
\JGrace Cossington Smith\j was born in Sydney and studied art there at Dattilo Rubbo's school from 1909 to 1912 and, after travelling in Britain and Europe, from 1914 to 1926. Her painting \IThe Sock Knitter\i (1915), painted at the school, is now considered a key work in the Australian modernist movement. With fellow artists Roland Wakelin and Roy de Maistre she formed the Contemporary Group in Sydney in 1926. Her style has been described as post-impressionist with her later work having a lightness of colour something akin to the work of the French painter Bonnard. Her paintings are mainly interiors, often the furnishings of her own rooms, always with an open door or window letting in light. It is her handling of light that breaks up the ordinariness of these scenes and gives them their special character, showing the familiar as also mysterious, the stable and unmoving as also dynamic.
Cossington Smith exhibited regularly at the Macquarie Galleries in Sydney from 1932 and had exhibitions in London in 1932 and 1950. A major retrospective exhibition toured the Australian state galleries in 1970. Her work is represented in the Australian \JNational Gallery,\j \JCanberra,\j and in most state and many regional galleries.
#
"Costello, Peter",177,0,g,0
(1957- )
Peter Costello, current Australian Federal Treasurer, lawyer and deputy leader of the Australian Liberal Party, was born in Melbourne on 14th August 1957, the son of a teacher father and psychologist mother. He was elected to the House of Representatives for the seat of Higgins in 1990, and served as Shadow Minister for Finance from 1993 until 1994 when, on a joint party ticket, he and Alexander Downer toppled John Hewson in a leadership spill on 23rd May 1994. Married to fellow lawyer Tanya Coleman, daughter of former NSW Opposition leader Peter Coleman, they have two daughters and a son. Tanya survived a cerebral abscess in 1987 after being told she would not live.
Peter came to fame in the legal field when he successfully represented the Dollar Sweets company in the Conciliation and Arbitration Commission against a rogue Union seeking above award wages for a 36 hour week. He is a keen 60s trivia buff and a fervent supporter of the Essendon Football Club. He became Treasurer following the Howard Government win on 2nd March 1996.
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"Costello, Tanya",178,0,g,0
(1957- )
Tanya Costello, wife of Deputy Liberal Party Leader and Federal Treasurer Peter Costello, was born Tanya Coleman in Sydney on 14th January 1957. She is the daughter of former NSW Liberal leader and \IBulletin\i journalist Peter Coleman. She became a lawyer and married Costello in 1982; they have two daughters and a son.
#
"Costigan, Francis Xavier (Frank)",179,"e\7\fcostig.jpg","c","0"
(1931-)
\ILawyer who headed the royal commission on the Ship Painters and Dockers Union 1980-84.\i
Born in Melbourne, Frank Costigan graduated in law from the University of Melbourne and became a queens counsel in 1973. In 1980 he was appointed commissioner of the inquiry into the Ship Painters and Dockers Union conducted jointly by the Commonwealth and Victorian governments. The commission played a major role in the uncovering of organised crime, especially as connected with the docks and revealed a huge tax evasion industry, also indicating incompetence in the office of the federal crown solicitor. In 1986 Costigan became chairperson of the Victorian Drug Rehabilitation Fund.
\BDescription:\b Frank Costigan \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
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"Coulter, John",180,0,g,0
(1930- )
John Coulter, former leader of the Australian Democrats, was born on 3rd December 1930. A former academic from South Australia, he led the party for three years from 1990 until 1993, when he was replaced by \JCheryl Kernot\j.
#
"Court, Sir Charles Walter Michael",181,"e\7\ccourt.jpg","c","0"
(1911-)
\ILiberal Party politician who was premier of Western Australia 1974-82.\i
Court was born in England and came to Western Australia with his family as an infant. He became a chartered accountant and from 1938 to 1970 was a senior partner in an accounting firm. In 1953 he entered the Western Australian parliament, winning the seat of Nedlands for the Liberals. He held several portfolios under various Liberal governments, and became party leader and leader of the opposition in 1972.
After the 1974 Liberal electoral victory, Court became premier, treasurer and minister coordinating economic and regional development. His main concern was the industrial and economic development of Western Australia, especially in the area of mining. He also strove to limit the activities of trade unions. A strong promoter of the interests of his state versus the Commonwealth, he was knighted in 1972 and retired from politics in 1982.
\BDescription:\b Sir Charles Court \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
#
"Court, Richard Fairfax",182,"0","g","0"
Richard Court is currently the premier of Western Australia for the Liberal Party. He joined the Liberal Party in 1981.
Ministerial appointments include: Premier; Treasurer; Minister for Public Sector Management; Federal Affairs; and Tourism (from 25 January 1994) from 16 February 1993.
Shadow ministerial appointments include: Shadow Minister for Resource Development, Mines, Fuel and Energy, North West and Goldfields, 17 June 1990 - August 1991; for Industrial and Resources Development, Mines, and Aboriginal Affairs, August 1991 - 24 May 1992. Leader of the Opposition, Shadow Treasurer, and Minister for Public Sector Management (Coalition Shadow Minister from 24 November 1992) 24 May 1992 - 16 February 1993.
\IThis information supplied courtesy of David Klemm - Parliamentary Library, Parliament House, Perth.\i
#
"Courtenay, Bryce",183,0,g,0
(1935- )
Bryce Courtenay, international author and former advertising agency creative director, was born in South Africa on 14th August 1935. Raised by his Nanna, the first language he spoke was Zulu. As creative director of Clemenger Advertising agency, he devised the æLouie the FlyÆ campaign for Mortein flysprays in the 1960s. His first successful book was \IThe Power of One\i in 1991, followed by \ITandia\i in 1992. He wrote a weekly column called \IThe Pitch\i for the \IAustralian\i newspaper for a number of years, and in 1992 published a collection of his columns in a book called \IThe Pitch.\i
Married to Benita they had three sons; however their youngest Damon was a haemophiliac and he died on 1st April 1992 after contracting AIDS from a contaminated blood supply. In April 1993 Bryce released a 430-page book on the events leading up to Damon's death called \IApril Fools Day;\i it became the best selling Australian book for 1993. Bryce retired from agency work in December 1993 and was signed as feature summer journalist with the Melbourne \ISunday Age\i newspaper.
In March 1994 he took up a three-month appointment with the Hobart University. Another of his very successful books is titled \IThe Potato Factory.\i In May 1997 he joined the Penguin stable after his publisher Reed was taken over by Random House.
\IWestern Australian politician and social worker who was the first woman in Australia elected to a house of parliament.\i
Born in Geraldton, Western Australia, as Edith Brown, she became interested in social problems through the work of her husband, a police magistrate. She was appointed a member of the newly formed Children's Court in 1915 and worked in this post until 1933. She was active in the Red Cross during World War I and became a public campaigner for women's rights. In 1921 she was elected to the Western Australian Legislative Assembly, the first woman member of an Australian parliament. Though losing her seat three years later, she succeeded in introducing her Women's Legal Status Act, which opened up the legal profession to women. She was a member of the Anglican Synod from 1923 and was the first woman member of the Perth Hospital Board.
\BDescription:\b Edith Cowan \I(Jonathan King)\i
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"Cowen, Sir Zelman",185,"e\7\zcowen.jpg","c","0"
(1919-)
\IProfessor of law, writer and administrator; governor-general of Australia 1977-82.\i
Born in Melbourne, \JZelman Cowen\j began a distinguished academic career by studying at the University of Melbourne. He was Rhodes scholar for Victoria in 1940 and, after war service, went to Oxford where he became a Fellow of Oriel College and a lecturer in law. His academic appointments in Australia include professor of public law at the University of Melbourne 1951-66, vice-chancellor of the University of New England 1967-70 and vice-chancellor of the University of Queensland 1970-77. He has also been a visiting professor at several universities in the United States.
He is a member or honorary member of many Australian and overseas academic institutions. His public appointments have included adviser on the establishment of law studies in Ghana, Hong Kong and the West Indies, adviser to the Lesotho government on the establishment of the National University of Lesotho, chairperson of the National Council of the Australia Opera, chairperson of the British Press Council, member of the board of governors of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the University of Tel Aviv.
In 1977, following the retirement of Sir \JJohn Kerr\j, he was appointed governor-general of Australia in a move by the Fraser coalition government to restore the image of the governor-generalship, tarnished after the events of 1975 when the Whitlam Labor government was dismissed. He left that role in 1982 to become provost of Oriel College, Oxford, in which position he remained until 1990, from 1988 also being pro vice-chancellor of Oxford University. He received a knighthood in 1977.
Sir Zelman's publications include \IAustralia and the United States: Some Legal Comparisons\i (1954), \IFederal Jurisdiction in Australia\i (1959, second edition with L. Zines 1978), \IThe British Commonwealth of Nations in a Changing World\i (1964) and \IIndividual Liberty and the Law\i (1976).
\BDescription:\b Sir Zelman Cowen \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
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"Cox, William",186,"e\7\willcox.jpg","c","0"
(1764-1837)
\IPioneer landowner who supervised the construction of the first road over the \JBlue Mountains\j of New South Wales.\i
\JWilliam Cox\j came to Australia from England in 1800 as a lieutenant with the New South Wales Corps. He became a landholder in the Windsor area and was made a magistrate there by \JGovernor Macquarie\j. He later took up land at Mulgoa. In 1814 Macquarie made him superintendent of the new road over the \JBlue Mountains\j which was to follow the track laid by G. W. Evans from the Nepean ford to the Bathurst plains. This was completed in six months, using convict labour, from July 1814 to January 1815. Cox was given the first grant of land to a free settler on the western side of the mountains, near Bathurst. He died at his estate at Windsor where he had continued his magistracy and where he had been responsible for the erection of many public buildings.
\BDescription:\b William Cox \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
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"Coxsedge, Joan",187,0,g,0
(1931- )
Mrs Joan Coxsedge, Victorian artist and politician, was born Joan Marjorie Rochester in Melbourne on 5th January 1931. She was the first female member of the Victorian Legislative Council, was jailed for her anti-Vietnam conscription activities, and helped to expose the activities of Ustasha in Australia. She married her husband Cedric Coxsedge on 7th March 1953 and they have two sons and a daughter.
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"Crawford, Sir John Grenfell",188,"e\7\jcrawf.jpg","c","0"
(1910-85)
\IEconomist and administrator noted for his role in government inquiries and commissions in the 1960s and 1970s.\i
Born in Sydney, Crawford lectured in agricultural economics at the University of Sydney and in 1935 became an adviser to the Rural Bank of New South Wales. In 1938, with C.G. Clark, he published \IThe National Accounts of Australia,\i a major work on Australian national accounting. He held various government posts from 1943 to 1960, including secretary to the Commonwealth Department of Commerce and Agriculture and secretary to the Department of Trade. He returned to academic life at the Australian National University, becoming vice-chancellor 1967-73 and chancellor 1976-84.
He was a member of a World Bank mission to India in 1964 and played a major role in several government inquiries, including the Vernon Committee of Economic Enquiry and the Crawford Committee on Structural Adjustment, of which he was chairman. The Crawford Report of 1973 proposed measures to increase exports and a gradual reduction of protection. His major work is \IAustralian Trade Policy, 1942-66; a Documentary History\i (1968). He was knighted in 1959 and appointed Companion of the Order of Australia in 1978.
\BDescription:\b Sir John Crawford \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
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"Crean, Simon Findlay",189,"e\7\screan.jpg","c","0"
(1949- )
\IUnion leader and Labor politician who was president of the Australian Council of Trade Unions 1985-90 before entering parliament.\i
Born and educated in Melbourne, Simon Crean was general secretary of the Federated Storemen and Packers Union 1979-85 and a leading member of the Victorian branch of the Labor Party. He was president of the Australian Council of Trade Unions from 1985 to 1990, when he entered federal parliament as the member for Hotham, Victoria. A member of the Labor right wing, he went into the ministry almost immediately and was appointed minister assisting the treasurer in 1990 and minister for primary industry in 1991. This quick rise and a similar career path to that of \JBob Hawke\j have led many to see Crean as a likely future prime minister.
\BDescription:\b Simon Crean \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
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"Crowley, Rosemary",190,bart.jpg,g,0
(1938- )
Rosemary Crowley, Australian Labor Party Senator from South Australia, was born Rosemary Ann Willis in Melbourne on 30th July 1938. She was educated at Brigidine Convent and Melbourne University and after becoming a doctor worked as a medical practitioner, parent education counsellor, and lecturer in childbirth.
She was first elected to the Senate in 1983, and was appointed Minister for Family Services in the new Keating ministry in March 1993. She married James Crowley on 5th February 1964; they had three sons, but were later divorced.
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"Cummings, James Bartholomew (Bart)",191,"e\7\bart.jpg","c","0"
(1927- )
\IRacehorse trainer who has prepared many Melbourne Cup winners.\i
Born in Adelaide, Cummings first won the Melbourne Cup with Light Fingers in 1965. He then trained the winners of the 1966 and 1967 Cups, creating a record with three successive wins and earning the nickname, the 'Cup King'. In 1991 he trained his ninth Melbourne Cup winner, Let's Elope. He has trained winners of all the Australian classic races, including the Caulfield Cup, Sydney Cup, AJC Derby, Perth Cup and the Golden Slipper Stakes. In 1974 he became the first trainer to prepare the winners of $1 million stakes money and in 1975 was ABC Sportsman of the Year.
\IExplorer and botanist who made extensive collections of Australian plant species and discovered the Darling Downs.\i
Cunningham was born in England and, having been clerk to the curator of Kew Gardens, London, was chosen by Sir Joseph Banks in 1814 to collect plants in Brazil and in 1816 was sent to New South Wales. He accompanied Oxley's and King's expeditions from 1817 to 1822 and made collections of plants in Western Australia, some Barrier Reef islands and in Tasmania. In 1822 he made botanical researches in the \JBlue Mountains\j and western New South Wales. From 1823 to 1828 he made a series of explorations across the Liverpool Plains, discovered the Darling Downs (1827) and a route to that area from Moreton Bay. In 1831 he returned to England to classify his collections, a representation of which is now housed at Kew Gardens. He returned to New South Wales as colonial botanist in 1837 but resigned within the year. He died in Sydney.
\BDescription:\b Allan Cunningham \I(Jonathan King)\i
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"Curro, Tracey",193,"0","g","0"
Tracey was born in Ingham Queensland in 1963.
1982 to 1986,Tracey studied the Bachelor of Communications, majoring in journalism, at Queensland's University of Technology, Brisbane, as a part-time student in 1982, full-time from 1983.
Tracey was a reporter/presenter for \IGMV-6 News,\i Shepparton, August 1986 to February 1987 and then went on to Channel Nine as a reporter for \INational Nine News,\i Brisbane and later as a weekend presenter.
In March 1988 to July 1990, Tracey was the presenter/reporter for \IEyewitness News,\i Channel 10, Melbourne. August 1990 she was a freelance journalist making two appearances on \IThe Midday Show.\i
September 1991 - February 1993, Tracey was a presenter/reporter for \IBeyond 2000,\i and mid-1993-1996, Curro was a reporter with \I60 Minutes.\i
\IThis information supplied courtesy of TCN Channel Nine Pty Ltd.\i
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"Curtin, John Joseph",194,"e\7\king0135.jpg","c","0"
(1885-1945)
\ILabor politician who was prime minister of Australia 1941-45.\i
Curtin was born in \JCreswick\j and educated in Melbourne. After a period as secretary of the Timberworkers' Union, he first came into public notice in 1916 as Victorian secretary of the Anti-Conscription League. He then went to Perth to edit the Labor paper, \IWestralian Worker,\i and in 1928 entered the House of Representatives, winning the seat of Fremantle. He watched the performance of the Scullin Labor government with despair and lost his seat in the 1932 election when Labor was defeated. Returning to parliament in 1934, he replaced Scullin as Labor Party opposition leader in 1935. He concentrated first on reuniting his dispirited party.
When World War II started in late 1939, the coalition government of \JRobert Menzies\j was divided by personal rivalries, which developed to the point where the independents who held the balance of power believed Australia's war effort was being adversely affected. In October 1941 they agreed to transfer their support to Labor and so Curtin became prime minister.
He proved a capable war leader, appealing to the United States for help in the face of his realisation that Australia was deemed dispensable by Britain. He summed this up in his famous 1942 New Year speech: '. . . I make it clear that Australia looks to America, free of any pangs as to our traditional links or kinship with the United Kingdom'. In the subsequent disputes with British prime minister, Winston Churchill, Curtin was able to turn the results in his favour, as with his decision to recall Australian troops from the Middle East to defend Australia. With Japanese planes bombing northern Australian ports, he mobilised the entire nation, instituting military conscription which he had so strongly opposed in World War I. He died in office in July 1945, a few months before the Allied victory.
\BDescription:\b John Curtin \I(Jonathan King)\i
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"Cusack, Dymphna",195,0,g,0
(1902-81)
Dymphna Cusack, Australian author, was born Ellen Dymphna Cusack at Wyalong in western New South Wales on 22nd September 1902. Along with Florence James, she wrote the hit book \ICome In Spinner\i which was later made into a television series. She worked as a school teacher for nearly 20 years until serious illness forced her to retire in 1944. Her 12 books include \IJungfrau\i, \IPioneers On Parade\i, \IThe Sun Is Not Enough\i, \IRed Sky In The Morning\i, \ISun In Exile\i, \ISouthern Steel\i, \IBough In Hell\i, \IBiography of a Teacher\i and her biography \IDymphna\i. She died on 19th October 1981, aged 79.
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"Cutler, Sir (Arthur) Roden",196,"e\7\rcutler.jpg","c","0"
(1916-)
\ISoldier, diplomat, administrator and company director; governor of New South Wales 1966-81.\i
Born and educated in Sydney, Cutler was commissioned in the Sydney University Regiment at the start of World War II and afterwards joined the 2/5th Field Regiment, AIF. He served in Syria and Lebanon in 1941, was severely wounded, losing a leg, and was awarded the Victoria Cross for exceptional bravery on several occasions. He held positions with the Returned Services League and the Commonwealth Repatriation Department before joining the Department of External Affairs.
His diplomatic posts included High Commissioner to New Zealand 1946-52, Consul General in New York 1961-65 and delegate to the United Nations General Assembly 1962-64. From 1966 to 1981 he was governor of New South Wales, this fifteen years being a record term. He was chairman of the State Bank of New South Wales 1981-86 and has been chairman of Occidental Life Insurance since 1987. He was knighted in 1965 and appointed AK in 1981.
\BDescription:\b Sir Roden Cutler \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
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"d'Alpuget, Blanche",197,0,g,0
(1944- )
Blanche d'Alpuget, Australian journalist and author of Bob Hawke's authorised biography, was born in Sydney on 3rd January 1944. She is the daughter of famous yachting journalist Lew d'Alpuget. She started out as a journalist with Sydney's \IDaily Mirror\i and then became the wife of Australian Diplomat Tony Pratt, stationed in Indonesia. She has a son Louis (1973).
She has written six books, the screenplay \IMission Beach,\i and three biographies, including that of Sir Richard Kirby. She met Bob Hawke in Indonesia in 1970 and in 1994 she assisted Bob Hawke in releasing his book titled \IThe Hawke Memoirs.\i On 1st January 1995 she announced that she and Hawke were an item while the couple were holidaying at Sussex Inlet on the New South Wales South Coast. The pair were then married later in the year.
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"Daddo, Andrew",198,"e\7\anddaddo.jpg","c","0"
Andrew Daddo is well known for his appearances as a presenter for \IThe World's Greatest TV Commercials, The Factory, Australia's Funniest People, Bjorn Again special, The Great Outdoors, Tonight Live, Australian Music Awards, Made By Design, Andrew Daddo's Cartoon Show\i and \IAndrew Daddo Presents\i Television shows include \IHouse Rules, Cluedo, Round The Twist\i and \IThe Late Show.\i
Film productions include \ICruel Youth, A Kink In The Picasso\i and \IBody Melt.\i He has also appeared in a theatre production \ILadies Night.\i
Andrew has also travelled overseas to present \ILonely Planet\i for British Travel Program\i and \IMTV - USA\i (New York) and Europe.
Radio programs include \IRadioactive Radio Show\i (Syndicated) and \IBay 13 Radio Show\i - 3RRRFM.
Audio visuals include \I40 Hour Famine, Life Be In It Nutrition, Australian Airlines corporate video\i and \IJump Rope For Heart\i (Heart Foundation).
Other work include spokesperson for the \IHome Safely\i campaign nationwide, numerous live appearances and TV & radio voiceovers.
\IThis information and photograph supplied courtesy of Barbara Gange Management.\i
\BDescription:\b Andrew Daddo \I(Barbara Gange Management)\i.
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"Daddo, Cameron",199,"e\7\camerond.jpg","c","0"
Cameron has played many roles in theatre productions including \II Hate Hamlet, Love Letters, Wizard of Oz, The Hunting Of The Snark\i and \IBig River.\i Television performances include \IModels Inc, The Young Indiana Jones, Chronicles, Between Love and Hate, Bony, Tracks of Glory, Golden Fiddles, G.P.,\i and \IHeroes.\i
Cameron worked professionally playing the guitar, synthesiser and mouth organ for "Nearly Smooth Guys" and has also featured as a singer and guitarist with the Sydney band "Baby James".
Not only is Cameron a very credible and talented singer, but he is also proving to be a very prolific and skilled songwriter, with a number of his own original songs appearing on his album.
Cameron is definitely not new to the music industry - he featured as singer/guitarist with the Sydney band "Baby James", playing to packed houses all around Sydney, and in 1989 he combined his singing and acting skills to recreate the lead role of Huckleberry Finn in the musical \I"Big River".\i
EMI Music Publishers are so pleased with his songwriting progress, so much so that they have already commissioned Cameron to submit songs for a new movie being filmed in Los Angeles in the early part of the year.
Since returning to the United States in January 1995, Cameron has already recorded another three original tracks at the EMI Studios in Los Angeles.
Cameron currently appears in the US television series \IF/X: The Series\i filmed in Canada.
\IThis information and photograph supplied courtesy of Barbara Leane & Associates Pty Ltd.\i
Lochie Daddo, following in the footsteps of his brothers Cameron and Andrew, is currently a presenter for the Channel Nine Network \IGetaway\i show which he has been doing for the past couple of years. Lochie has also played a role in \IParadise Beach, GP, Neighbours, The Main Event, Tonight Live with Steve Vizard\i (Guest), \IAll Together Now, Saturday at Ricks, Countdown Revolution\i (host) and \IKids Stuff\i (host).
Other work includes a corporate video for Qantas In-Flight as a presenter and a pantomime production of \ICinderella\i.
Training and acting he spent 2 months at an actors centre in Sydney in 1990, then 3 months in 1991 at Prahran College in Melbourne studing Acting and Voice and a further 2 months at the Actors Centre in Sydney.
\IThis information and photograph supplied courtesy of Barbara Leane & Associates Pty Ltd\i.
Fred Daly, former Australian Labor Party politician, was born Frederick Michael Daly in country New South Wales on 13th June 1912. He served as a Labor politician from 1943 until 1975 and was regarded as one of the Australian Parliament's true characters and humorists. He served as opposition spokesman for immigration, but was demoted for pushing the White Australia Policy that had already been abandoned by the Holt Liberal Government.
After many years in the opposition wilderness, his moment came under the prime ministership of Gough Whitlam when Fred became Minister for Services and Property. He was renowned for promoting the fact that he and Liberal Minister Jim Killen were opposing "mates" who enjoyed a drink after hours together. In retirement, he hosted tours of political sights in Canberra. He married his wife Teresa Armstrong in 1937, however she pre-deceased him in 1975; their children include a son and a daughter.
His books include \ICurtin to Kerr,\i and \IThe Politician Who Laughed.\i He died in Sydney at his daughters home while doing renovations on 2nd August 1995, aged 83.
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"Dampier, William",202,r4310.jpg,c,0
(1651-1715)
William Dampier, English adventurer, was born at East Coker, Somersetshire, England on 1st September 1651. He was the first Englishman to set foot on Australia twice, more than 80 years before Captain Cook. He was the first man to sail around the world three times. In 1686, he headed west across the Pacific and for five years wandered through the Philippines, the Dutch East Indies and South East Asia. In 1688, for three months, he anchored his ship, the \ICygnet\i off the northwest coast of Western Australia. He returned again in 1699 and sailed north to Timor and New Guinea. After leaving the Navy, he became a buccaneer in the Caribbean and later roamed the south seas. He published books on his travels including \INew Voyage Round the World\i and died in London in March 1715, aged 64.
\BDescription:\b William Dampier \I(RAHS)\i
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"Dark, Eleanor",203,"0","g","0"
(1901-85)
\IWriter noted for her trilogy of historical novels, of which The Timeless Land is the first volume.\i
Born Eleanor O'Reilly in Sydney, she and her husband lived most of their lives in the New South Wales \JBlue Mountains\j. From 1921 she contributed short stories and verse to various magazines. Her first novel, \ISlow Dawning,\i was written in 1923 but not published until 1932. After that she published six further novels and the historical trilogy consisting of \IThe Timeless Land\i (1941), \IStorm of Time\i (1948) and \INo Barrier\i (1953) which were based on detailed research and together cover the period 1788 to 1814. These combine historical accuracy with a sensitive and imaginative interpretation of the early years of European settlement and were unusual at the time of their publication in their sympathetic depiction of Aboriginal culture. An ABC television dramatisation of the trilogy was produced in 1980. Eleanor Dark was appointed Officer of the Order of Australia in 1977.
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"Darling, Sir James",204,0,g,0
(1899-1995)
Sir James Darling, Australian educationalist, was born James Ralph Darling at Tonbridge in Kent, England on 18th June 1899. At the end of WWII, he served as a second Lieutenant in the Army in France. After the war, he moved into teaching and lecturing and became a member of the British Labour Party. He was appointed headmaster of Geelong Grammar School in 1930, where he enforced his beliefs of physical and moral development, coupled with a strong academic training. He was credited with influencing many politicians, academics and business leaders.
Sir James married Margaret Campbell in 1935 and they had four children. He was the founding secretary of the Headmaster's Conference of Australia from 1931 until 1945 and then chairman until 1948. After he retired in 1961, he was appointed chairman of the ABC for six years. His biography published in 1978 was called \IRichly Rewarding\i and in 1988, as part of the Bi-centenary celebrations, he was listed as one of 200 Great Australians. He died on 1st November 1995, aged 96.
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"Darling, Sir Ralph",205,0,g,0
(1775-1858)
Sir Ralph Darling, former governor of New South Wales, was born in England in 1775, and served as Governor of the colony from 1825 to 1831. He rescued the bank of New South Wales (now Westpac) from bankruptcy by giving them a loan, installed a water supply to Sydney, and introduced trial by jury.
He was knighted in 1835, and is best remembered for the famous Sudds and Thompson affair, two privates from the 57th regiment. They had committed transportable offences in the hope of being released from the military and were sentenced to seven years in Australia. However, Darling commuted this to seven years hard labour, but Sudds died a short time later. Darling was criticised by the media for his handling of the affair and his last period of governorship was tainted by his unpopularity and community tension. He returned to England in 1831, became a General ten years later and died at Brighton, England on 2nd April 1858, aged 83.
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"Dattner, Fabian",206,0,g,0
(1954- )
Fabian Dattner, Australian author and crusader, was born into a Bohemian family in Eltham, Victoria on 3rd May 1954. After leaving school, she went into publishing and became personal assistant to the managing director of Heinemann Publishers, working there for five years as desk editor. She was deputy managing director when she left in 1981 to help run her family's ailing fur and leather goods business. In 1987, Fabian developed the Second Chance Scheme prisoners' register, aimed at reforming prisoners by helping them get jobs. Her system was introduced into Victoria and Queensland, and finally into New South Wales in 1993.
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"Davey, John Andrew (Jack)",207,"0","g","0"
(1910-59)
\IRadio compere of great popularity in the post World War II years.\i
Jack Davey was born in New Zealand and became a stage and radio singer and entertainer. He came to Australia in 1931. He was employed as a crooner by ABC radio and later went to radio 2GB in Sydney as an announcer. Here he introduced quiz shows to Australia. When \JBob Dyer\j also became a quiz show compere, the two entered into a well aired, joking rivalry. Davey also worked as narrator on film newsreels. His popularity on radio was huge, with the audience for his quiz and variety show estimated at five million. His trademark opening line was 'Hi, Ho! Everybody!' and he published a book under this title in 1945. He did not make the transition to television successfully, being already ill at the time of its introduction to Australia. He died from cancer on 14th October 1959 at Sydney's St Vincent's Hospital.
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"David, Sir (Tannatt William) Edgeworth",208,"0","g","0"
(1858-1934)
\IGeologist and Antarctic explorer.\i
Born in Wales, Edgeworth David gained his Bachelor of Arts degree from Oxford in 1881. The following year, after studying geology at the Royal College of Science, he emigrated to Australia where he undertook comprehensive surveys of coal and mineral resources for the New South Wales Department of Mines. He was appointed professor of geology and physical geography at the University of Sydney in 1891 and subsequently held posts as dean of science, chairman of the professorial board and Fellow of the Senate. He achieved international prominence in 1897 after his observations on Funafuti in the Ellice group of islands confirmed Darwin's theory on the pattern of growth of coral atolls.
He joined Shackleton's 1907 Antarctic expedition, climbed the active volcano Mount Erebus in 1908 and led an expedition to the South Magnetic Pole. After service as chief geologist for the British armies on the Western Front in World War I, he returned to Sydney University until he resigned in 1924. Edgeworth David was president of the Royal Society of New South Wales, the Linnaean Society of New South Wales, the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science and founding president of the Australian National Research Council. He was knighted in 1920.
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"Davidson, Frank Dalby",209,0,g,0
(1893-1970)
Frank Dalby Davidson, Australian author, was born in 1893. He moved to the United States with his family when he was 15. In Chicago, he became an apprentice printer and at 19 he left home and drifted around the Unites States before spending two years as a seaman. In 1914, he landed in England and enlisted into the cavalry unit during WWI.
In 1919, he returned to Australia with his English wife and farmed a soldier settlement in western Queensland. He moved to Sydney, divorced in 1955, and married 32-year-old Maree and settled down in Melbourne. His books include \IDusty, Man-Shy, Wells of Bersheba, Blue Coast, Caravan,\i and \IThe White Thorntree.\i He died on 24th May 1970, aged 76.
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"Davies, Kimberley",210,"e\7\kimdavi.jpg","c","0"
Kimberley Davies, a top model, had a three month assignment in Milan in 1992. She has always had a passion for acting. She was a member of the choir and studied acting at school. Kimberley had a regular role in \INeighbours,\i and studied drama with Bruce Kerr.
Kimberley has appeared in several plays including \IMacbeth,\i as a witch, and \IA Fortunate Life.\i Her own script of \IA Guilty Conscience Needs No Accuser,\i won her the F.A.W. Script Award.
In 1997 Kimberley was based in the US and starred in an Aaron Spelling soap titled \IPacific Palisades.\i
Kimberley married long-time boyfriend, Jason Harvey, on September 27, 1997 in Melbourne.
\IThis information and picture supplied courtesy of Network Ten Limited.\i
\BDescription:\b Kimberley Davies \I(Network Ten Limited)\i.
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"Dawkins, John",211,0,g,0
(1947- )
John Dawkins, former Western Australian politician and Federal Treasurer in the first Keating Government, was born John Sydney Dawkins in Perth on 2nd March 1947. He started out as a union secretary and first entered parliament as the member for Fremantle in 1977. He served in the Hawke Government as Minister for Finance, Trade and Youth Affairs, and then Employment Education and Training. On 20th December 1991 he became Australia's forth Treasurer in seven months after a cabinet re-shuffle by newly-appointed Prime Minister Paul Keating.
Dawkins succeeded Ralph Willis only 21 days after Willis had been sworn-in as Treasurer; this was said to be payback by Paul Keating for Dawkins' support in the lead-up to the ousting of Bob Hawke from the nation's top job. Married to Kate George on 15th December 1973, they later divorced; they had two children. His second wife, Maggie, presented him with a daughter, Alice (1993), and a step-son, Josh (1978), from Maggie's first marriage.
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"De Groot, Francis Edward",212,"e\7\25smh.jpg","c","0"
(1888-1969)
\IMember of the New Guard who cut the ribbon at the opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge in advance of the official party as a protest against Premier \JJack Lang\j.\i
Born in Ireland, de Groot served in the British army, becoming a captain during World War I. He migrated to Australia with his wife in 1920 and set up a business buying and selling antiques in Sydney and later a substantial furniture manufacturing business. He was considered an astute furniture and antique connoisseur. His mixture of militaristic patriotism and strong anti-communist beliefs made him a natural recruit for the right wing New Guard movement formed in Sydney in 1931. Its aims were support for the throne and empire, removal of immoral elements in government and other public circles, and full personal liberty, but its main rallying cry was the elimination of the 'reds'. The movement was particularly opposed to the New South Wales Labor premier, \JJack Lang\j, and had various plans to prevent him opening the Harbour Bridge, the event of the year in 1932.
\JDe Groot\j apparently was inspired by a cartoon in \ISmith's Weekly,\i entitled 'The Man Who Beat Lang to the Tape'. Thus at the official opening he rode up on horseback and cut the ribbon with a sword before the premier could do so. The ribbon was later retied and cut by Lang. \JDe Groot\j was charged and fined for offensive behaviour. He was for a while a celebrity but the impetus of the New Guard dwindled with the defeat of the Lang government and by 1935 it had virtually ceased to exist. In 1950 de Groot retired to Ireland, living in Dublin until his death.
\BDescription:\b Arrest of de Groot \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
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"De Lisle, Viscount",213,0,g,0
(1909-91)
Viscount De Lisle, Australia's 15th governor, was born William Philip Sidney in London on 23rd May 1909. He won Britain's highest award for bravery in WWII, the Victoria Cross, whilst under German attack at Anzio in Italy. He served with the Grenadier Guards rising to major; after the war he became a conservative member of the British Parliament from 1951-55. He was a descendant of the 16th century soldier and poet Sir Philip Sidney.
Right up until his death he was opposed to the prosecution of former Nazi war criminals, and surprised many of his conservative friends by supporting a proposal by Britain's Labour Party to abolish the House of Lords. He became Australia's 15th Governor General from 3rd August 1961 until 1965; however a year after taking up his Vice Regal post, his wife Jacqueline died. They had been married for over 20 years and had one son, Philip, who inherits his title, and four daughters.
Shortly after he returned to England in 1965, he married Margaret Glanusk, widow of the 3rd Baron of Glanusk. He died following a stroke at his home in Kent, England, on 5th April 1991, aged 81.
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"De Maistre, Roy (Leroy) Leveson Laurent",214,"0","g","0"
(1894-1968)
\IArtist who pioneered post-impressionism and cubism in Australia.\i
Roy de Maistre was born at Bowral in New South Wales and after a time at the Sydney Conservatorium of Music studied at the Royal Art Society School in Sydney where, with Roland Wakelin and \JGrace Cossington Smith\j, he was a pupil of the veteran Italian teacher, Dattilo Rubbo. Their attempts to introduce post impressionism and cubism to Sydney art circles met with only limited success, and in 1923, after being awarded the New South Wales Society of Art's travelling scholarship, de Maistre went to Europe for three years and exhibited with the Paris salon in 1924. In 1930 he left Australia permanently and successfully pursued his career in London. His work is represented in the Australian \JNational Gallery\j, \JCanberra\j, all state galleries and the Tate Gallery, London.
#
"Deakin, Alfred",215,"e\7\king0161.jpg","c","0"
(1856-1919)
\IPolitician who was prime minister of Australia 1903-04, 1905-08 and 1909-10.\i
Deakin was born in Melbourne, his family having migrated from England during the gold rushes. He graduated in law from the University of Melbourne in 1877 but moved into journalism. With the encouragement of David Syme of the \IAge\i he stood for the Victorian parliament. He was elected in 1879 and held a number of portfolios. As a delegate to the London Colonial Conference in 1887, Deakin objected to the patronising attitude of the British ministers. The conference confirmed his view that Australia should speak as one nation in the affairs of the world. He was the key figure during the 1890s in promoting Federation in Victoria, playing a similar role to \JEdmund Barton\j in New South Wales.
In the first House of Representatives, Deakin became attorney general in Barton's Protectionist ministry and replaced Barton as prime minister when he moved to the High Court in 1903. His second ministry, which began in 1905 with the support of the Labor Party, was extremely innovative, its achievements including the establishment of the industrial arbitration system, tariff protection, the beginning of social welfare with the introduction of old age pensions and the outlining of defence policies. This ministry ended when Labor withdrew its support. In 1909 Deakin became prime minister again by joining with his former Free Trade opponents in the Fusion government. With the defeat of this government by Labor at the 1910 election, Deakin ended his parliamentary career as leader of the opposition. He retired in 1913.
\BDescription:\b Alfred Deakin \I(Jonathan King)\i
#
"Deane, Sir William",216,fair11.jpg,c,0
(1931- )
Sir William Deane, Australia's 22nd Governor General, was born William Patrick Deane in Sydney on 4th January 1931. After studying law in Sydney and Dublin, he went on to become a Justice of the High Court of Australia, and was a key supporter of Keating's Mabo bill. He married Helen Russell on 6th January 1965, and has two children.
\BDescription:\b Sir William Deane \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
#
"Dekyvere, Nola",217,0,g,0
(1904-91)
Nola Dekyvere, Sydney socialite and charity worker, was born Nola Laid Kerr in Sydney on 1st July 1904, and lived all her life in the city's eastern suburbs. She started her involvement with charities in the 1930s. Her first husband, Alan McGregor, died in 1938 and she married woolbroker and WWII fighter pilot Marcel Dekyvere in 1940. She never had any children and devoted much of her life to charity.
She was awarded an MBE in 1958, and 14 years later in 1972, a CBE for services to the community, especially the Royal Blind Society. She died in a Sydney nursing home on 13th November 1991, aged 87.
#
"Dennis, Clarence Michael James (CJ Dennis)",218,"0","g","0"
(1876-1938)
\IPoet and journalist, sometimes known as Australia's 'Laureate of the Larrikin'.\i
Born in Auburn, South Australia, C.J. Dennis, as he was always known, grew up mainly in the care of several maiden aunts. His father was an Irish mariner who had become a publican. After working as a journalist and in various other occupations in Adelaide and \JBroken Hill\j, Dennis went to Melbourne where friends established him in accommodation in the Dandenongs, east of the city. From here he contributed light, humorous verse to the \IBulletin\i and other journals. His first published book was not successful but from some of its poetry he developed the verse story \IThe Songs of a Sentimental Bloke,\i published in 1915.
In telling the story of the larrikin Bill, lured from his wild life into domestic bliss with Doreen, it makes fun of the outward forms of social gentility. It was an almost instant success, its sales boosted by the popularity of a pocket edition produced especially for the homesick troops serving overseas in World War I. A sequel, \IThe Moods of Ginger Mick\i (1916), was similarly successful. Dennis' other books of verse stories include \IDigger Smith\i (1918) and \IA Book for Kids\i (1921). From 1922 he was staff poet with the \IMelbourne Herald.\i The eulogies after his death described him as Australia's national poet.
Though the style of his poetry has since faded in popularity, he was an important part of a movement towards writing poetry in everyday speech rather than formal, elevated language. In 1976, the centenary of his birth, a successful musical version of \IThe Sentimental Bloke\i was made for stage and television and the \JC.J. Dennis\j Award for a book on Australian flora or fauna was instituted by the Victorian government.
#
"Denton, Kit",219,0,g,0
(1928-97)
Kit Denton, former Australian broadcaster, historian and author, was born Arnold Christopher Denton in England on 5th May 1928. He was a broadcaster with the British forces radio network before he came to Australia, where he came to fame as the author of \IThe Breaker\i, a 1973 novel about Australian Boer War soldier Harry Breaker Morant. He followed up his story and the film with a second chronicle of Morant's life titled \IClosed File\i. His four novels also included \IBurning Spear\i and \IA Walk Around my Cluttered Mind\i.
He worked as a radio announcer with the ABC in Perth from 1951 until 1965 and later became a film producer of documentaries. He is the father of television and radio host Andrew Denton and daughters Philippa and Jo. He died from pneumonia at his Blue Mountains home, west of Sydney, on 14th April 1997, aged 68.
#
"Deveson, Ivan",220,0,g,0
(1934- )
Ivan Deveson, Australian media head and former automobile manufacturer, was born in Coburg, Melbourne in 1934. After his parents divorced he was raised by the Salvation Army before joining General Motors as a trainee. He was sent to the United States to study at Standford University and spent more than 20 years in the USA working for General Motors. He returned to Australia in 1981, and in 1987 was appointed managing director and chief executive of Nissan Australia.
He left the car industry in 1991 and joined the Channel 7 television network as chairman. He is also a director of the Commonwealth Bank and Chairman of Victoria's State Training Board which concentrates on employment for the State's youth. Named Victorian of the Year in 1991, he is married with five children.
#
"Dixon, Frank",221,0,g,0
(1890-1991)
Frank Dixon, Australian journalist and founder of the ABC's independent radio news service, was born in 1890. He began his career at the \IGrafton Argus\i and joined the ABC as news editor in 1936. The ABC independent news began with the 7 pm bulletin on 1st July 1947. He retired in 1950 after 14 years with the ABC and in 1975 published a book \IInside The ABC,\i an account behind the politicking and conflict involved in setting up the news service. He died at Springwood Hospital on 23rd August 1991, aged 101.
#
"Dixon, Sir Owen",222,"0","g","0"
(1886-1972)
\IChief justice of the High Court of Australia 1952-64 who had a great influence on constitutional law.\i
Born in Melbourne, Dixon graduated in law from the University of Melbourne and was called to the Victorian bar in 1910. He became a justice of the High Court in 1926. During World War II he was Australian minister to Washington (1942-44). He returned to the High Court in 1944 and in 1950 was a United Nations mediator in the Kashmir dispute. He became a privy councillor in 1951 and chief justice of the High Court in 1952. In all, he sat on the bench of the High Court for 35 years. In that time he greatly influenced decisions on constitutional law. He has the reputation of being the greatest advocate of his day and one of Australia's foremost jurists. He was knighted in 1941.
#
"Dobell, Sir William",223,"e\7\willdob2.jpg","c","0"
(1899-1970)
\IPortraitist and genre painter; involved in a famous controversy and court case over the awarding of the 1943 Archibald Prize.\i
\JWilliam Dobell\j was born in Newcastle in New South Wales and worked at a variety of jobs before being apprenticed to an architect in 1916. He began his art studies thirteen years later at the \JJulian Ashton\j School in Sydney. In 1929 he won the Society of Artists Travelling Scholarship and studied at London's Slade School and in the Netherlands before returning to Australia in 1939. He is best known for his portraits, which include \IMrs South Kensington\i (1937), a composite representing a style of dried up and sneering matron he associated with this fashionable London district, and \IBilly Boy\i (1943), where both the subject and the manner of painting are large, loose and vague.
Dobell's \IPortrait of the Artist\i (of fellow painter Joshua Smith), which won the 1943 Archibald Prize, was the subject of a court case when two unsuccessful entrants in the competition asked the New South Wales Supreme Court to disallow Dobell's award on the grounds that his painting was a caricature and not a true portrait.
Although Dobell won the case he was seared by the experience - both his work and health were affected and for some years he withdrew from contact with fellow artists. He was vindicated in 1948, when he again won the Archibald Prize with a portrait of painter Margaret Olley; in the same year he won the Wynne Prize for landscape painting with \IStorm Approaching Wangi,\i and in 1959 was awarded his third Archibald for a portrait of his surgeon. In 1960 Dobell was awarded the Society of Artists Medal and in 1964 the Britannia Australia Award for art. He was knighted in 1966. His work is represented in the Australian \JNational Gallery\j and the Australian \JWar Memorial\j, \JCanberra\j, all state and many regional and university galleries.
\BDescription:\b William Dobell at his home at Wangi \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
#
"Doherty, Peter",224,0,g,0
(1940- )
Peter Doherty, Doctor of Immunology, was born in Brisbane on 15th October 1940. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine, together with $1.42 million, on 7th October 1996. He shared the prize with his former colleague, Swiss Professor Rolf Zinkernagel. Doherty was working at the time at St. Judes Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, USA. He made his discovery when he and Zinkernagel were post-graduate students at the John Curtin School of Medical Research in Canberra. They found that virus-infected blood cells were detected by the immune system when transplanted. He married his wife Penny in 1965. On 26th January 1996, he was named Australian of the Year, two days after being awarded the Order of Australia.
#
"Donaher, Noeline",225,0,g,0
(1943- )
Noeline Donaher was born Noeline Vera Kemp in New Zealand on 6th July 1943. She became known to the public when at the age of 49 she and her family appeared in a joint BBC-ABC series \ISylvania Waters.\i The program focused on Noeline and her then de facto husband Laurie Allan Donaher. Noeline flew to London, wrote a book, and recorded a song æNo RegretsÆ.
#
"Done, Kenneth Stephen (Ken)",226,"0","g","0"
(1940- )
\IArtist and graphic designer, whose work appears widely on Austalian merchandise.\i
Born in Sydney, Done left school at the age of fourteen to study graphic design at the East Sydney Technical College. He then became a commercial artist and began a career in advertising, being creative director of a number of agencies in Australia, London and New York, and winning several awards. At the age of 40 he gave up this successful career to spend a year painting. He held a successful exhibition at Sydney's Holdsworth Galleries in 1980, but since his marketing of his work on T-shirts, calendars, cards and a wide range of other merchandise, the art establishment has shied away from exhibiting him. His companies now turn over $100 million a year and his distinctive brightly coloured and bold shapes are well known throughout Australia and overseas, especially in Japan.
His designs are possibly today's most ubiquitous Australian motifs and are typified by impressions of Sydney Harbour with small triangles of sailboats or confetti like people, umbrellas and towels on a sunny beach. Most of the merchandising side of his work is now done under licence and he concentrates on painting, running his own art galleries in Sydney and arranging exhibitions of his work. In 1992 a selection from his eighth exhibition in Japan (in 1991) toured Australian regional galleries and he had his first Paris exhibition.
In 1995 the Ken Done Gallery opened in the Rocks in Sydney.
#
"Donohoe, John (Bold Jack, the Stripper)",227,"0","g","0"
(1806?-30)
\IBushranger whose exploits have inspired many stories and ballads; thought to be the original 'wild colonial boy'.\i
Born in Ireland, Donohoe was sentenced at the age of eighteen to transportation for life `for intent to commit a felony' and arrived in New South Wales in 1825. By December 1827 he had become a bushranger. Captured, he defied the death sentence by escaping and forming a gang which operated around Bathurst. He later returned to work the Nepean area from Liverpool across to Windsor. Travellers held up by his gang included the Reverend Samuel Marsden.
Donohoe was finally captured and killed by troopers in September 1830, by which time he had become a popular hero - the bush song 'Bold Jack Donohoe' was treated as treason and banned from being sung in public houses. He was seen as brave in his defiance of authority, including the police who killed him, and sympathetic towards convicts and the poor. He has been depicted in a range of Australian literature, including the play by Charles Harpur, \IThe Bushrangers\i (1853), and the poem 'The Afterlife of Bold Jack Donahue' by John Manifold. Many think that the Jack Doolan of the song 'The Wild Colonial Boy' was not a real character but based on Donohoe.
His surname is also recorded as Donahue, Donohue, Donahoe, Donahoo and Donohoo.
#
"Downer, Alexander",228,0,g,0
(1951- )
Alexander Downer, Liberal Party federal politician, was born Alexander John Gosse Downer in Adelaide on 9th September 1951. He is the son of former Liberal minister, Sir Alexander Downer and grandson of Sir John Downer, premier of South Australia in 1885. He became national Liberal Party leader on 24th May 1994 and resigned on Australia Day 1995. He was replaced a few days later by John Howard and was appointed Opposition spokesman for Foreign Affairs in the Howard shadow cabinet.
Alexander had previously served in the Australian Diplomatic Service from 1978 until 1981, and from 1982 until 1983 was a speech writer for Malcolm Fraser. In 1983, he served a year as a director of the Australian Chamber of Commerce, before being elected to the seat of Mayo in the House of Representatives in 1984. He is currently the Minister for Foreign Affairs in the Howard Government. He married BBC journalist Nicola Robinson on 17th June 1978 and has three daughters and a son.
#
"Downer, Nicky",229,0,g,0
(1952- )
Nicky Downer, wife of Federal politician Alexander Downer, was born in England on 23rd December 1952. After graduating from the University of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, she became a journalist working at the BBC and later \IThe Australian\i newspaper in the 1970s. She married Alexander Downer on 17th June 1978 and has three daughters Georgina (1980), Olivia (1982), Hetty (1989) and a son Edward (1986).
#
"Drain, Dorothy",230,0,g,0
(1909-96)
Dorothy Drain, former editor of the \IAustralian Women's Weekly,\i was born at Mount Morgan in Queensland on 15th August 1909. She suffered from serious eye problems and did most of her school work orally, eventually coming fifth in the State. She worked at the \IWeekly\i for 37 years from 1938, working her way from writing the synopsis for the Mandrake comic to editor. Dorothy never married. She died on 31st May 1996, aged 87.
#
"Drysdale, Sir (George) Russell",231,"e\7\rdrysdal.jpg","c","0"
(1912-81)
\IPainter noted for work depicting the bleakness of life in the Australian outback.\i
Russell Drysdale was born in England into a family with pastoral connections in Australia. He settled in Australia when the family returned in 1923. Encouraged by landscape painter Daryl Lindsay he studied for three years with art teacher George Bell in Melbourne and from 1938 to 1939 studied in London and Paris. In 1944 he produced a series of wash drawings for the \ISydney Morning Herald\i recording the tragic effects of a severe drought in north western New South Wales.
A recurring theme in his work is the bleakness of life in the Australian outback: the dryness and heat of the landscape and the fortitude of the gaunt figures in the face of desolation and poverty. Children appear frequently as bare footed gazing urchins, as in \IThe Gatekeeper's Wife\i (1965). He is also known for his paintings of the deserted New South Wales goldmining towns of Hill End and Sofala.
Drysdale won the Wynne Prize for landscape painting in 1947, the Melrose in 1949, and held his first one man exhibition in London in 1950. In 1965 he received the Britannia Australia Award for art and he was knighted in 1969.
\BDescription:\b Sir Russell Drysdale \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
#
"Duckmanton, Sir Talbot",232,0,g,0
(1921-95)
Sir Talbot Duckmanton, former chairman of the Australian Broadcasting Commission, was born at South Yarra in Victoria, the son of an architect, on 27th October 1921. He moved to Sydney as a child and was educated at Newington College where he was not only Dux of the college but a champion all-round athlete. He joined the ABC in 1939 as a cadet announcer, and worked in a number of positions including war correspondent while serving with the RAAF.
He was instrumental in setting up ABC television in Australia and was general manager for 17 years from 1965 to 1982. Duckmanton was the only person ever selected from the ranks and groomed for high office within the ABC. He was knighted in 1980 and retired just after the ABC celebrated its 50th birthday. He had four children, a son and three daughters, with his first wife Florence who died in 1978. In 1979, he married the then chief censor Janet Strickland. He died on Queensland's Gold Coast on 12th June 1995, aged 73.
#
"Dugan, Darcy",233,0,g,0
(1920-91)
Darcy Dugan, Sydney criminal and one of Australia's most notorious criminals of the 1950s, was born Darcy Ezekial Dugan on 29th August 1920. He attained notoriety for the boldness of his crimes and daring escapes. He had often been likened to the great Houdini and is best remembered for his 1949 escape from Sydney's Long Bay Jail only 26 minutes after he was admitted.
On 15th December 1949, he escaped from Central Police Station's holding cells with William Mears and in January 1950 they robbed a bank manager, who was wounded. Dugan was sentenced to death which was later commuted to life imprisonment. He made many spectacular escapes including cutting a hole in the roof of a jail tram by using a bread knife, and escaping along Anzac Parade in Darlinghurst. The jail-tram is on display at the tram museum at Loftus in Sydney.
Overall, Dugan spent about 40 years in jail. He married Jan Simmons, sister of a convicted killed, on 13th July 1990 and on their first wedding anniversary he was arrested for the attempted robbery of a service station. He was last released from jail in November 1986, aged 66, and helped devise some of the jail reforms. He died at a Cabramatta nursing home in Sydney on 22nd August 1991, aged 70.
#
"Dunlop, Sir (Ernest) Edward (Weary)",234,"e\7\weary.jpg","c","0"
(1907-93)
\ISurgeon and noted World War II diarist.\i
Born in Victoria, Dunlop worked as a pharmacist before studying medicine at the University of Melbourne, and at the same time becoming noted as an athlete, footballer (captain of the Australian Rugby team) and boxer. He qualified as a doctor in 1934 and obtained a commission as captain in the Australian army medical corps before leaving for England where he qualified as a specialist surgeon in 1938. At the outbreak of World War II he was on the staff of the Emergency Medical Service at St Mary's Hospital, Paddington. He enlisted in the AIF and from 1939 served as a medical officer throughout northern Africa, the Middle East, Greece and Crete.
In 1942 he was posted to the Far East where he established the Allied General Hospital in Bandoeng, Indonesia, just before Java fell to Japanese forces. His book, \IThe War Diaries of Weary Dunlop: Java and the Burma-Thailand Railway 1942-1945,\i which was published in 1986, is a daily record of his experiences as a medical officer and commander of Allied prisoners of war in prison camps in Java and on the forced march to labour on the Burma-Thailand Railway. After returning to Australia in 1945 he held honorary surgical posts at a number of Melbourne hospitals and was awarded honorary doctorates in science and law. He was knighted in 1969, named Australian of the Year in 1977 and appointed AC in 1987.
\BDescription:\b Sons of Weary Dunlop - John and Alexander \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
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"Dunphy, Milo",235,0,g,0
(1929-96)
Milo Dunphy, Australian conservationist, was born Milo Kanangar Dunphy in Sydney on 13th May 1929. He was working as an architect in the 1960s when he emerged as the leader of the environmental movement. He fought and won a public campaign for the Colong Caves and the Kanangara wilderness, a coincidence that Kanangar was his middle name.
In 1972, he developed the Total Environment Centre in the Sydney Rocks area. He spoke out passionately against the culling of the Australian Kangaroo. Married to Dorothy, they had a son Guy. He died in Sydney on 13th April 1996, aged 67.
#
"Dunstan, Donald Allan",236,"e\8\ddunstan.jpg","c","0"
(1926- )
\ILabor politician who was premier of South Australia 1967-68 and 1970-79.\i
\JDon Dunstan\j was born in Fiji of Australian parents. He was educated in Adelaide and graduated in law, practising in Fiji and Adelaide and becoming a QC in 1965. Entering the South Australian House of Assembly as the Labor member for Norwood in 1953, he became the driving force in the Walsh government of 1965-67 and held several portfolios. He was premier 1967-68, leader of the opposition 1968-70 and then premier and treasurer 1970-79.
During this term his government introduced much progressive legislation, particularly in the areas of consumer protection, Aboriginal rights, industrial relations, environmental conservation and electoral reform. He revitalised state politics by showing that there are major areas still under state control where important reforms could be effected and thus was a major influence on later state Labor premiers such as \JNeville Wran\j in New South Wales. Dunstan resigned in 1979 because of ill health. He was chairman of the Victorian Tourism Commission 1982-86 and has been national president of the Australian Freedom from Hunger Campaign since 1982.
\BDescription:\b Don Dunstan \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
#
"Dunstan, Keith",237,0,g,0
(1925- )
Keith Dunstan, Melbourne journalist and author, was born in Melbourne on 3rd February 1925. His father was the former general manager of the \IHerald and Weekly Times\i who wanted his son to be a newspaper machinist. Keith achieved fame for his place in the \ISun\i column in the Melbourne \ISun\i newspaper for 27 years and has written 20 books. A cynic, he formed the anti-football league in Victoria, as a protest against the State's obsession with Australian Rules football. In the 80s, he worked as a freelance journalist with the \IBulletin\i and became a regular contributor to the \IMelbourne Age.\i
#
"Dupain, Maxwell Spencer (Max)",238,"0","g","0"
(1911-92)
\IPhotographer and painter.\i
\JMax Dupain\j was born and educated in Sydney and studied at the \JJulian Ashton\j Art School. He was apprenticed to the photographer Cecil Bostok in 1930 and in 1934 moved into his own studio in Bond Street, Sydney, from which he ran a business as an industrial and commercial photographer. Sunbakers, perhaps his best known photograph, was taken in 1937. During World War II he was a camouflage officer in Australia and New Guinea and in 1945 was appointed photographer to the Commonwealth Department of Information. In 1947 he returned to his Sydney studio and has since worked from there, producing classic photos of Australian people, scenery and buildings in a distinctive style that can be seen to be influenced by his art training.
Dupain has had one man shows in London, Paris, New York and Switzerland, as well as many in Australia, where there have been five retrospectives of his work. Especially notable was the major retrospective exhibition held by the Art Gallery of New South Wales in 1980. He has published several books, including \IThe Golden Decade of Australian Architecture\i (1978), \IFine Houses of Sydney\i (1982), \I\JMax Dupain\j's Australia\i (1986) (which provides a pictorial social history of the 1930s-1980s period) and \I\JMax Dupain\j's Australian Landscapes\i (1988).
#
"Durack Family",239,"0","g","0"
\IPioneer pastoralists who took part in the opening up of the Kimberley district of Western Australia.\i
The founders of the family in Australia were two brothers from Ireland, Jeremiah, more commonly known as Darby (1819-1873), and Michael (1808-53), who arrived in 1849 and 1853 respectively with their families. Michael was killed a few weeks after his arrival. His sons, Patrick (1834-98) and Michael (1845-95), went to Queensland in the 1860s and overlanded stock, founding Thylungra station on Coopers Creek in western Queensland. Other family members, including Darby's son and brother-in-law, followed and settled in the area.
After an expedition by Patrick to the north west, the family decided in 1882 to take up land on the Ord River. Various partnerships were formed in the family to supervise the mustering of a huge number of cattle. Setting out in May 1883 they reached the Ord in September 1885 after many difficulties and losses. They had enough stock to set up a string of new properties, including the Argyle station in the Kimberleys, also to the south and in the Northern Territory. Patrick's son, Michael Patrick (1865-1950), became the chief representative of the family's interests and with his brother and other partners established the firm of Connor, Doherty & Durack Ltd to manage the properties. He also represented the Kimberley area in the Western Australian Legislative Assembly 1917-24.
His daughter, Mary (1913-), became a well known author, many of whose books are historical novels set in the Kimberleys. Her works include \IKings in Grass Castles\i (1959). She was created a Dame in 1978.
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"Dyer, Robert Neal (Bob)",240,"0","g","0"
(1900-84)
\IRadio and television quiz compere, noted for the show Pick-a-Box.\i
Born in the United States, \JBob Dyer\j first came to Australia in 1937 and performed with a hillbilly show at the Tivoli Theatre in Sydney, playing the banjo and singing. He returned for the Tivoli Circuit in 1940 and in 1941 began working on Australian radio. As a quiz compere he was in playful rivalry with Jack Davey. In 1957 he began the television quiz show, \IPick-a-Box,\i which by 1970 had set a record as the longest running peak hour television show in Australia. He was assisted on the show by his wife Dolly. His slogans, 'Howdy customers' and 'Tell them Bob sent you', became widely identified with him. Production of \IPick-a-Box\i ended in 1971 and Dyer retired to concentrate on big game fishing. He died at his home on Queensland's Gold Coast, on 9th January 1984, aged 75.
#
"Easton, Brian Mahon",241,0,g,0
(1928- )
Brian Mahon Easton, former Western Australian public servant, was born in 1928. On the 24th January 1995, aged 67, he became the first person to be sentenced to a jail term by an Australian legislature in over 40 years. He was taken to Perth's Casuarina maximum security prison. His crime, being that he failed to apologise to the State Parliament. He was also defending perjury charges relating to the petition which he provided to the Upper House leader Mr. Halden in November 1992. Part of a bitter divorce, the information was used as a political tool in the lead-up to the State election, which the Carmel Lawrence-lead Labor Party lost in February 1993.
#
"Eather, Kenneth",242,0,g,0
(1901-93)
Major General Kenneth Eather, Australian soldier and Kokoda Trail Commander, was born Kenneth William Eather in Sydney on 6th January 1901. He was known as the last of Australia's great WW2 generals. He was in charge of the Australian troops who halted the Japanese advance in Papua New Guinea and led the Australian 25th brigade in the advance to reclaim the Kokoda Trail.
He later became the military governor of Rabaul, responsible for 100,000 Japanese prisoners of war. He was also commander of the Australian contingent to the British Commonwealth VE-Day celebrations in England and led the parade through London in 1945. He died in Sydney on 9th May 1993, aged 92.
#
"Eccles, Sir John Carew*",243,"0","g","0"
(1903-1997)
\INeurophysiologist who discovered the physico chemical basis of transmission of nerve impulses.\i
Born in Melbourne, Eccles won a Rhodes scholarship to Oxford in 1925 and after holding posts at Exeter and Magdalen colleges, returned to Australia in 1937 to become director of the Kanematsu Institute of Pathology, Sydney. In 1943 he became professor of physiology at the University of Otago. He returned to Australia, to the \JJohn Curtin\j School of Medical Research, \JCanberra\j, in 1951. He shared the 1963 Nobel Prize for medicine and physiology for work on the transmission of the nerve impulse.
In 1966, faced with imminent compulsory retirement, he left the Australian National University for the Institute of Biomedical Science, Chicago, arousing some local ill feeling. Since then he has continued to work in the USA and Europe. His many publications in the fields of science and philosophy include \IThe Inhibitory Pathways of the Central Nervous System\i (1968), \IThe Self and its Brain\i (1977), written in collaboration with Carl Popper, and \IThe Wonder of Being Human\i (1984) with D.N. Robinson. He served as president of the Australian Academy of Science in 1957, was knighted in 1958 and named Australian of the Year in 1963.
Sir John Eccles died in Switzerland on 2 May 1997 at the age of 94.
#
"Egerton, Sir Jack",244,0,g,0
(1918- )
Sir Jack Egerton, former Australian Labor Party politician and unionist, was born in Rockhampton on 11th March 1918. He is a former president of the Queensland Trade and Labor Council. After leaving the Labor Party in the 1970s, he was expelled from the party for accepting a knighthood. He has since served on the board of Qantas and Mary Kathleen Uranium.
#
"Einfeld, Sid",245,0,g,0
(1909-95)
Sid Einfeld, former NSW Labor politician, was born Sydney David Einfeld in Sydney on 17th June 1909, shortly after his parents arrived from London. He began his political career in 1961 after being a member of the Labor Party for many years. From 1968 until 1973, he was deputy leader of the State's opposition, but he really shined in the Wran Government as Minister for Consumer Affairs.
He contributed more to consumer protection laws in Australia than any other single person. In 1968, he was named Australian Jew of the Year. He died at the Wolper Hospital in Woollahra, Sydney, the day before his 86th birthday, on 16th June 1995. He was survived by his wife of 60 years, Billie, son Marcus and daughter Robyn.
#
"Elkin, Adolphus Peter",246,"0","g","0"
(1891-1979)
\IAnthropologist who conducted the first systematic anthropological survey of Australia.\i
Born in West Maitland, New South Wales, Elkin studied at the University of Sydney and became a minister in the Church of England, working as a missionary. In 1927 he completed a doctorate in anthropology at London University and returned to Australia to undertake extensive fieldwork in the Kimberleys and South Australia, studying the social organisation and ritual of the Aborigines, combining this with ecclesiastical duties in a New South Wales parish.
From 1934 to 1956 he was professor of anthropology at the University of Sydney, and editor of the journal \IOceania\i from 1933 to 1979. He was a governmental adviser on Aboriginal matters and a promoter of Aboriginal welfare. His books include \IAustralian Aborigines: How to Understand Them\i (1938) and \ISocial Anthropology in Melanesia, a Review of Research\i (1953).
#
"Elliott, Doug",247,0,g,0
(1917-89)
Doug Elliott, former Victorian broadcaster, was born in 1917. He started on radio at 3KZ and later worked at 3XY. He hosted \IThe Mickey Mouse Club\i on HSV-7 for the State Savings Bank and was the stand-up salesman for over 15 years doing the live adds on HSV-7's \IWorld of Sport\i. He served as a Labor Party politician in the Victorian Upper House for 19 years and in 1982 became the Lord Mayor of Essendon. He died from bowel cancer in Kerang Hospital on 25th March 1989, aged 72.
#
"Elliott, John Dorman",248,"e\8\rmp95070.jpg","c","0"
(1941-)
\ICompany director who was chairman of Elders IXL Ltd.\i
Born in Melbourne, Elliott became known as one of the takeover kings of the Australian business world in the 1970s and 1980s. He became managing director of Elders IXL in 1981, merging the small jam making company, Henry Jones IXL, of which he had been managing director since 1972, with the Elders pastoral and trading group. He also gained control of Carlton and United Breweries Ltd in 1984. From this corporate base, he expanded overseas with brewing, financial and commodities operations.
He also gained some political influence, being elected national president of the Liberal Party in 1987. In 1989 Harlin Holdings, a company which he had helped found, moved to a 56 per cent stake in Elders. Both companies found themselves severely pressured by the ending of the economic boom in 1987 and in 1991 Elders was unwound, with Elliott ceding the chairmanship. His political power base was also gone as he had stepped down from the Liberal Party presidency in 1990. In 1992 he was faced with bankruptcy proceedings.
During court proceedings in August 1996, John Elliott was acquitted on all fraud charges against him.
\BDescription:\b John Elliott \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
#
"Eternity, Mr",249,0,g,0
(1885-1963)
Mr Eternity, Arthur Malcolm Stace, was born in Balmain in 1885, and worked for many years as a cleaner with the Red Cross in Sydney. His two sisters became prostitutes and as a boy he was in and out of jail. In WW1 he served as a stretcher-bearer and after he returned home he became an alcoholic and drank methylated spirits and shoe polish. In August 1930, at the age of 45 he walked into St.Barnabas church on Broadway, Sydney to attend a men's only meeting. He walked out a new man and attended the Burton Street St. Baptist Tabernacle where preacher John Ridley spirited him with the message of Eternity.
Unable to write his own name he left the church and wrote the word Eternity in brilliant copperplate on the footpath. He believed that God had chosen him to spread the Gospel on the streets, and he spent the next 30 years writing Eternity in either white or yellow chalk on the streets of Sydney. At the age of 57 he married country girl Pearl, whom he left each night so he could travel all over Sydney writing Eternity. After he retired from the Red Cross, he travelled to Wollongong, Newcastle and Campbelltown to spread his word. In 1963, when the GPO clock in Martin Place, Sydney was rebuilt, they found Eternity written inside the bell, where it still remains. He died in Sydney on 30th July 1963.
#
"Evans, Gareth",250,0,g,0
(1944- )
Gareth Evans, Australian Labor politician, was born Gareth John Evans in Melbourne on 5th September 1944. He grew up in Hawthorn, the son of a tram driver and topped his Melbourne University law course in 1966. He was admitted to the bar in 1968, became a senior lecturer in law eight years later, and a Queen's Counsel in 1983, the same year he became Attorney General in Bob Hawke's first term of government. He was replaced as Attorney General in 1984 after he organised "spy flights" against Greenies over the Franklin River in Tasmania. He married his wife Merran Anderson on 15th January 1969; she has four degrees, one more than her husband, is a member of the board of the Australian Ballet and an active member of Animal Liberation. In 1988 he became Minister for Foreign Affairs, a post he relinquished when Labor lost the 1996 election.
#
"Evans, George William",251,"e\8\evans.jpg","c","0"
(1775-1852)
\ISurveyor and explorer of western New South Wales.\i
Evans was born in England. He came to Sydney in 1802 and, having in England served an apprenticeship as an engineer and architect, was appointed acting surveyor general in 1803. In 1805 he was dismissed by \JGovernor King\j on a charge of fraud, the details of which are unknown. After several years spent farming, he was appointed assistant surveyor at Port Dalrymple in Tasmania and later given land in Hobart, but was repeatedly summoned from there for service in New South Wales.
Late in 1813 he was sent by \JGovernor Macquarie\j to follow up the work of Blaxland, Wentworth and Lawson in crossing the \JBlue Mountains\j. Evans became the first European to make a full crossing and to reach the western plains, discovering the Macquarie River and outlining a route along which Cox later established a permanent road.
In 1815 he was appointed guide on Macquarie's tour of the western plains. Evans discovered the Lachlan River during this year and much new land was opened up for settlement. In 1817 and 1818 he was second in command to \JJohn Oxley\j on expeditions along the Lachlan and Macquarie Rivers. From then he remained in his post in Tasmania until his retirement in 1825. Following a trip to England, he returned to Sydney in 1832 and with others opened a circulating library and stationer's business in Bridge Street. He later settled in Hobart, where he died.
\BDescription:\b George William Evans \I(Jonathan King)\i
#
"Evans, Len",252,0,g,0
(1929- )
Len Evans, Australia wine buff, restaurateur and journalist, was born in Wales on 31st August 1929. He wrote for the \IBulletin\i magazine and the \IAustralian\i for many years as well as running his own bistro in Sydney. In the late 1980s, he moved to the Hunter Valley to establish his own winery.
#
"Evatt, Elizabeth",253,0,g,0
(1933- )
Justice Elizabeth Evatt, Australian judge and niece of politician Dr. Evatt, was born in Sydney on 11th November 1933. In 1955, she became the youngest person to win the Law Medal at Sydney University; 31 years earlier her Uncle "Doc Evatt" won the same award. Chairman of the Family Law Council from 1976-79, she became the first Chief Judge of the Family Court in 1976. In 1988 she became President of the Law Reform Commission and in 1993 a member of the United Nations Human Rights Commission. Divorced from Robert Southan, whom she married in 1960, she had two children, one deceased.
#
"Evatt, Herbert Vere (Doc)",254,"e\8\sanfran2.jpg","c","0"
(1894-1965)
\ILabor politician, judge and writer; leader of the federal opposition 1951-60.\i
\JH.V. Evatt\j was born in Maitland, New South Wales, and was a brilliant law student at the University of Sydney. He was admitted to the bar in 1918 and took silk in 1929. He was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly in 1925 but resigned in 1930 when he was appointed a justice of the High Court of Australia. At this time he also wrote a number of major historical and legal studies. In 1940 he resigned from the bench to return to politics.
He was elected to the House of Representatives as the Labor member for the Sydney seat of Barton. From 1941 to 1949 he was attorney general and minister for external affairs, designing Australia's first independent foreign policy. He was also deputy prime minister under Chifley from 1946 to 1949.
Evatt played an important part in the establishment of the United Nations at which he was Australia's representative. From 1948 to 1949 he was first president of the General Assembly. After Chifley's death in 1951, he became leader of the opposition, Labor having been defeated in the 1949 election. In 1954 he came close to leading Labor to an electoral win over Menzies' coalition.
Thereafter his career waned. His behaviour became increasingly ill considered and he was instrumental in provoking the 1950s split in the Labor Party which blighted its electoral chances for many years. He resigned from politics in 1960 to become chief justice of New South Wales but ill health forced him to resign from the bench in 1962.
\BDescription:\b Herbert Evatt (at front), signing the Charter at the San Francisco conference in 1945 \I(United Nations)\i.
#
"Eyre, Edward John",255,"0","g","0"
(1815-1901)
\IExplorer of south western and central Australia.\i
Born in England, Eyre migrated to New South Wales in 1833. After taking up land on the Molonglo Plains, he began a series of droving trips and in 1838 made the first overland crossing from Sydney to Adelaide. He made the crossing again in 1839 with a large number of sheep and cattle and settled in South Australia. Over the next few years he made several expeditions to find new grazing land and open up new routes. On the first he explored the Flinders Ranges and discovered Lake Torrens. On the second he explored part of what is now known as the Eyre Peninsula.
His third expedition began in 1840; he went north again, reaching and naming Mounts Deception and Hopeless. Finding the land barren and Lake Torrens an impenetrable barrier he turned back with his small party and decided to head west. He sent most of the party back to Adelaide, except for an overseer, John Baxter, and three Aborigines. Leaving Fowler's Bay in February 1841, they followed the shore of the Great Australian Bight, suffering through lack of water. After two months, two of the Aborigines killed Baxter and left with most of the stores. Eyre and the remaining Aborigine, known as \JWylie\j, struggled on for another month before obtaining some supplies from a French whaling vessel. They eventually reached Albany in July 1841. The expedition is more noted for their feat of endurance than for any significant contribution to knowledge about Australia. Eyre was later awarded the Founder's Medal of the Royal Geographic Society.
After his return to Adelaide, Eyre was appointed magistrate and protector of Aborigines in Moorundie. In 1845 he went to England and published his \IJournals of Expeditions of Discovery into Central Australia and Overland from Adelaide to King George's Sound in the Years 1840-1\i which contained more sympathetic descriptions of Aborigines than those given by most contemporary European observers. He then held administrative positions in several British colonies and in 1864 became governor in chief of Jamaica. In this position he suppressed a Negro uprising and hanged a member of the local legislature believed to be involved. He was tried in England three times for these actions but acquitted. He died in England.
#
"Facey, Albert Barnett",256,"e\8\afacey.jpg","c","0"
(1894-1982)
\ISoldier and working man whose autobiography A Fortunate Life was published in 1981.\i
A.B. \JFacey\j was born in Maidstone, Victoria, and spent his early years in the outback of Western Australia, looked after in impoverished circumstances by his grandmother after the death of his father and desertion by his mother. He began working when aged eight, his occupations including station hand, drover, railway worker and boxer. In World War I he served at Gallipoli and was returned home wounded in 1915. He married in Perth and was given land to farm under the Soldier Settlement Scheme but was forced from this by the Depression and war injuries. He was then employed by the Perth tramways and was an active member of the Tramways Union.
Though having no formal education, he taught himself to read and write and from the time of World War I made notes on the events of his life. He was persuaded by his family to publish these and the resulting autobiography, \IA Fortunate Life,\i was a popular and critical success, seen as encapsulating the life of an Australian battler. It won the New South Wales Premier's Award for non fiction in 1981.
\BDescription:\b Albert Facey \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
#
"Fadden, Sir Arthur William",257,"e\8\fadden.jpg","c","0"
(1895-1973)
\ICountry Party politician who was briefly prime minister of Australia in 1941.\i
Born in Ingham, Queensland, Arthur Fadden became the owner of a successful accountancy firm in Townsville. He was a member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly 1932-35 and entered the federal parliament in 1936 as a Country Party (now National Party) member. In 1939 Fadden backed the new United Australia Party leader, \JRobert Menzies\j, against his own party leader, \JEarle Page\j, who objected to Menzies becoming prime minister. This issue split the Country Party. Page was ousted as leader and replaced by Fadden who was appointed treasurer under Menzies in 1940.
When divisions in the United Australia Party forced Menzies' resignation in 1941, Fadden became leader of the coalition and prime minister. His ministry lasted for one month after which time the independents, who held the balance of power, transferred their support to Labor. Fadden continued as Country Party leader and was treasurer and deputy prime minister in the Menzies coalition governments from 1949 to his retirement in 1958. He was knighted in 1951.
\BDescription:\b Sir Arthur Fadden \I(Jonathan King)\i
#
"Fahey, John",258,0,g,0
(1945- )
John Fahey, former New South Wales premier, was born in Wellington, New Zealand on 10th January 1945. He came to the Bowral area of New South Wales with his parents in the mid 1950s where his Irish born father worked as a dairy farmer. After leaving school he spent a year in a seminary studying for the Roman Catholic priesthood. An accomplished rugby league footballer, he played for Canterbury reserves and after studying as a lawyer married his wife Colleen. They have three children. He resigned from State politics after being defeated at the polls in the 1995 March election. In 1996 he was elected to the Federal seat of McCarthur and became Minister for Finance in the first Howard Government.
#
"Fairfax Family",259,fairfax3.jpg,c,0
\IBusiness dynasty with main interests in newspaper proprietorship.\i
John Fairfax (1804-77) was born in England, ran a newspaper at Leamington in Warwickshire and came to Sydney in 1838, having been bankrupted by a defamation suit. In 1841 he and Charles Kemp bought the \ISydney Herald,\i then seven years old, and the following year changed the name to the \ISydney Morning Herald.\i After Kemp's retirement in 1853 the proprietorship devolved entirely on to John Fairfax and his sons. John Fairfax took the \IHerald\i from a small colonial newspaper to a widely read and influential journal, with an editorial policy of independence but in fact following a conservative view. He made astute use of classified advertising to bring in funds. As his position in the colony became established, he became a director of other organisations, including the Sydney Insurance Company and the Australian Gas Light Company. He was a member of the Legislative Council of New South Wales and was one of the founders of the Congregational Church in the colony.
Sir James Reading Fairfax (1834-1919), born in England, was the second son of John Fairfax. In 1856 he went into partnership with his father and elder brother (who was killed in a riding accident in 1863) and the name of the firm was changed to John Fairfax & Sons. After the death of his father he controlled the \ISydney Morning Herald\i and the weekly \ISydney Mail,\i which the firm had launched in 1860. He brought telegraphic communication into use in journalism and invested in modern machinery to replace the old hand presses. He had many other business interests, including banking and insurance, and supported charities, particularly those related to the Congregational Church. He was one of the founders of the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital in Sydney and a patron of the arts. He was knighted in 1898.
Sir James Oswald Fairfax (1863-1928), born in Sydney, was the second son of Sir James Fairfax. He studied law at Oxford and became a barrister. On his return to Australia, he worked at the Sydney Morning Herald, becoming a partner in 1889 and subsequently a director. With his brother Geoffrey he controlled the newspaper until his death. He represented Australia at the first Imperial Press Conference in London in 1909 and was first chairman of the Australian section of the Empire Press Union. He was knighted in 1926.
\BDescription:\b John Fairfax \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
#
"Fairfax Family - (2)",260,"e\8\fairfax.jpg","c","0"
Sir Warwick Oswald Fairfax (1901-87), born in Sydney, son of Sir James Oswald Fairfax, studied at Oxford and joined the staff of John Fairfax & Sons in 1925, becoming a director in 1927 and chairman in 1930. He was managing director 1939-49 and governing director 1949-56. In 1956 the firm became a public company, John Fairfax Ltd, with the Fairfax family holding a controlling interest. Sir Warwick Fairfax remained as chairman and in 1969 took over sole executive power. He was deposed as chairman in 1976 and retired in 1977. He wrote several books of philosophy and was knighted in 1967.
Sir Vincent Charles Fairfax (1909- ), born in Sydney, is a grandson of Sir James Reading Fairfax and was educated at Oxford. He joined the Fairfax staff in 1933, became a director in 1946 and resigned in 1953. He was reappointed a director of the public company John Fairfax Ltd in 1956 and remained in that position until the privatisation of the company in 1987. He has extensive grazing interests and has been a director of insurance and other companies. He was closely associated with the Boys' Brigade and the Scout Association and has been a patron of the arts. He was knighted in 1971.
James Oswald Fairfax (1933- ), born in Sydney, son of Sir Warwick Fairfax, was educated at Oxford and became a director of John Fairfax Ltd in 1957; in 1976 he deposed his father as chairman in a boardroom coup. He remained in that position until the privatisation of the company in 1987. He has been on the board of the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children. He is a major art collector and in 1991 he donated a large part of his collection to the Art Gallery of New South Wales. Also in 1991 he published his autobiography, \IMy Regards to Broadway.\i
Warwick Geoffrey Oswald Fairfax (1960- ), born in Sydney, son of Sir Warwick Fairfax and his third wife, Lady Mary Fairfax, in 1987 organised a private takeover of John Fairfax Ltd, taking the advice of a group of businessmen. The company, which by this time had added the \IMelbourne Age\i to its list of prestigious newspapers, while having to divest itself of its television interests because of laws limiting cross media ownership, became the John Fairfax Group Pty Ltd. In 1990, unable to meet its interest payments on a huge amount of loan money, it went into receivership and in 1991 was bought by the Tourang group headed by Canadian newspaper proprietor Conrad Black. Thus ended the Fairfax newspaper dynasty.
\IPainter whose work reflects Chinese, Indonesian and Aboriginal influences.\i
Ian Fairweather, son of a British army medical officer who served in India, was born in Scotland, educated at Oxford, and spent four years of World War I in a German prisoner of war camp.
After two years studying art at the Slade School in London he travelled to Canada, China (where he spent six years), the Philippines and Indonesia, and arrived in Australia in 1934. The influence of these cultures, as well as that of the Australian Aborigines, is evident in his paintings which are abstract and use the natural colours of the earth; for example, the strong lines and slabs of dull colour representing ancient walls in \IMonastery\i (1960) are reminiscent of Eastern and Primitive art styles. Fairweather lived the last twenty years of his life as a recluse on Bribie Island in Moreton Bay, north of Brisbane in Queensland.
His work is represented in the Australian \JNational Gallery\j, \JCanberra\j, all state and many regional galleries, the Tate Gallery, London, the Leicester Art Gallery and the Ulster Museum, Belfast.
#
"Farmer, Kenneth William George",262,"0","g","0"
(1910- )
\IAustralian Rules football player noted as a prolific goalkicker.\i
Born in Adelaide, Farmer played for the North Adelaide club in the South Australian Rules competition from 1929. From 1930 to 1940 he kicked more than 100 goals per season, setting a lasting record. His best match was against West Torrens in 1940, when he kicked 23 goals. Though he dominated the game during these years, North Adelaide won only two premierships.
#
"Farquhar, Murray",263,0,g,0
(1918-93)
Murray Farquhar, disgraced former New South Wales Chief Magistrate, was born in Broken Hill in 1918, the only child of an immigrant Scottish family. He had been appearing before Sydney's district court over passport charges and an alleged international gold bullion scam. He fell from grace in March 1985 when he became the first magistrate in Australia to be convicted and sentenced in a criminal court.
He was sentenced to four years jail but served less than one, for attempting to pervert the course of justice in committal proceedings concerning former rugby league chief Kevin Humphries. In March 1991, a jury acquitted Farquhar of possessing five paintings stolen from Melbourne millionaire Samuel Smorgen during an armed robbery in 1989. He died from a massive heart attack at Sydney's Prince of Wales Hospital on 8th March 1993, aged 75.
#
"Farrer, William James*",264,"0","g","0"
(1845-1906)
\IPioneer wheat breeder who developed the rust resistant 'Federation' strain.\i
Farrer migrated to Australia from England in 1870 and in 1875 joined the New South Wales Department of Lands as a surveyor. He worked in this capacity until able to settle on his own property, Lambrigg, on the Murrumbidgee River, in 1886. From this time he devoted himself to developing improved breeds of Australian wheat, having become convinced that the problems of the wheat industry were caused by the unsuitability of overseas strains to Australian conditions. His systematic work involved making hundreds of crosses annually and testing and recording the results. The many wheat varieties of commercial and breeding value that he produced included the rust resistant, high yielding 'Federation', named in 1901, by which time he had been made wheat experimentalist to the New South Wales Department of Agriculture. His work in improving the yield of Australian wheat greatly aided the development of the wheat industry.
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"Fawkner, John Pascoe",265,0,g,0
(1792-1869)
John Pascoe Fawkner, Australian newspaper publisher, was born at Cripplegate in London on 20th October 1792. He accompanied his parents to Australia when his father was transported for receiving stolen goods. At one stage, he owned the Cornwall Hotel in Launceston as well as the \ILaunceston Advertiser\i newspaper. Regarded by many as the father of Melbourne, he financed the first settlement of Melbourne on 29th August 1835, and started the \IMelbourne Advertiser\i in 1838, the city's first newspaper.
He later established the \IGeelong Advertiser\i. In 1842, he established a two storey house in Bourke Street as Melbourne's first hospital. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly from 1851 until his death. Fawkner died on 4th September 1869, aged 77, and over 50,000 people lined his two-mile-long funeral procession.
#
"Ferguson, Tim",266,"e\8\tferguso.jpg","c","0"
Tim is currently contracted to Nine Nework where he will appear as guest on the \IToday Show\i and will host the program \IDon't Forget Your Toothbrush.\i
Tim's television appearances include \IThe Big Gig, The 1989 Federal Election Coverage, The 7.30 Report, Australian Film Institute Awards, MTV, Countdown Revolution, The Big Gig Candida Special, The Big Gig Flacco Special, D.A.A.S. Kapital, The Money or The Gun, Live and Sweaty, Tonight Live With Steve Vizard, World Series Debating\i and \IFunky Squad.\i
British television programs include \IFriday Night Live, O1 For London, D.A.A.S. Love, Viva Cabaret\i and \IPete McCarthy Show.\i
International television appearances include \IJust For Laughs, Craig Goes Mad In Melbourne, HBO Edinburgh Festival Special, The Basement, The Pat Kenny Show\i and \IBBC Northern Ireland News.\i
Tim has also done some television journalism for the \IToday Show.\i His published works include articles in \IThe Canberra Times, Muse Magazine, The Independent, The Age\i, and \IX-Press Magazine.\i Articles published in the U.K include \IThe Scotsman, The London Times, The Independent\i and \ITint Magazine.\i
Advertising campaigns that Tim has been involved with include \INIB Life Insurance, Exacto Sweatshirts, Australian National Gallery\i and \ITooheys Beer to Britain.\i
Tim's publications include \IDAAS Book, DAAS Komics, DAAS Kapital\i and \IDAAS Kompendium.\i
Recordings include as \ILet It Swing, Wired, Icon, Dead & Alive\i and \ILive in Edinburgh.\i
Film productions include \ICruel Youth, The Edinburgh Years\i and \IDog Eat Dog.\i
Radio shows in Australia include \IArts Review, Maintain the Rage\i and \IFunky Squad Radio Serial.\i Radio shows in the UK include \IEdinburgh Highlights, The Mary Whitehouse Experience\i and \IFanshaw.\i
Tim has also done some corporate film/video programs, \ISafer Work\i and \IBetter Practice.\i Videos include \IThe Doug Anthony Allstars Live In New York, The Best of The Big Gig, The Big Gig Re-Jigged 1 & 2\i and \IDead & Alive!\i
Tim has performed in twelve theatre productions with Black Inc. Theatre Company in Canberra, including \IJaques Brel Is Alive and Well, Two Gentlemen of Verona, Much Ado About Nothing, Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead, Ubu Roi\i and \IAnother Country.\i
International and Australian Festivals include \IEdinburgh Fringe Festival, Mayfest - Glasgow Festival, Montreal, Just For Laughs Comedy Festival, New York Comedy Festival, Reading Rock Festival, Seville Expo, Barcelona Olympic Arts Festival, Dublin International Festival, Belfast International Festival, Adelaide Arts Festival, Melbourne Comedy Festival\i and \ILondon Theatre Seasons - D.A.A.S. \i
\IThis information and photograph supplied courtesy of TCN Channel Nine Pty Ltd.\i
\BDescription:\b Tim Ferguson \I(TCN Channel Nine Pty Ltd)\i
#
"Field, Albert Patrick",267,0,g,0
(1911-90)
Albert Patrick Field, controversial Australian political Senate appointee, was born in 1911. In September 1975, Queensland Premier Bjelke-Petersen defied convention by rejecting the ALP nominee to replace Senator Bert Milliner, who had passed away on 30th June 1975, and appointing Pat Field to the casual Senate vacancy. A former French polisher and president of the Federated Furnishing Trade Union, Field had been a member of the Australian Labor Party for 37 years.
Field had become disillusioned with the Party during the Whitlam era, and offered to serve in the Senate. Bjelke-Petersen defied Canberra convention and tradition by supporting Field, instead of Labor's recommended candidate Mal Colston. His appointment meant that there were three Independents in the Senate, 30 Coalition senators, and 27 Labor Government Senators. The day he took his seat in the Senate, all Labor Party Senators walked out. Ironically, the controversial vote to block supply that led to the dismissal of the Whitlam Government was taken on the day Field was on leave and was passed without him, 29 to 30 votes.
He was placed 34th on the Senate ticket in the subsequent December election, and after gaining only 3,000 votes, retired from politics. He died on 1st July 1990 at a hospital in Caboolture, Queensland, aged 79, after suffering from Parkinson's Disease for several years.
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"Fischer, Kate",268,"e\8\kfischer.jpg","c","0"
(1973- )
Kate has worked around the world as an international model since she won the \IDolly\i Covergirl Competition in 1987 aged 13. Kate was hailed to be the new Elle MacPherson and has since gone on to become one of Australia's top international models.
Since then Kate has worked for \IVogue, Elle, Follow Me, Cleo, Cosmopolitan, Harper's Bazaar, Studio Collections, Hero, Glamour, Seventeen, Dolly\i and \IAllure.\i Kate has appeared on the covers of \IElle, Cleo, Dolly, Vogue\i and \IStudio Black and White.\i
Television commercials include \IMcClean's Toothpaste, Sussan, East Coast, Jeans West, Bradford Batts, Oil of Ulan,\i and \IAdidas.\i
Kate has made appearances on \IRay Martin, Live at Five, Steve Vizard, Inside Edition, A Current Affair, Burke's Backyard, Looking Good, Hey Hey It's Saturday, Attitude, Dr Feelgood, Good Morning Australia, Real Life, The Times, Midday Show,\i and Derryn Hinch's \IBattle of The Sexes.\i
In 1993, Kate won a role in the internationally acclaimed film \ISirens.\i Acting experiences since then include a guest role on the hit TV comedy \IMcFeast,\i a guest role on the ABC TV comedy \IClub Buggery\i and a Dean Martin song in drag for \IRoy and HG,\i she has also had guest roles in \IEcho Point\i and \IFull Frontal.\i
Kate has presented awards at the \IAustralian Film Industry Awards\i and \IAustralian Music Awards.\i
She has also appeared as special guest at \ICleo Bachelor of Year Awards, Emporio Armani Sydney Launch,\i and\I Celebrity Judge at Randwick Epsom Cup,\i plus numerous charity events.
During 1997 Kate Fischer and \JJames Packer\j announced their engagement.
\IThis information supplied courtesy of CHIC Model Management Ltd.\i
\BDescription:\b Kate Fischer \I(Grant Matthews - courtesy of Vogue)\i.
#
"Fischer, Tim",269,0,g,0
(1946- )
Tim Fischer, Australian politician and leader of the National Party, was born Timothy Andrew Fischer into a rural New South Wales Catholic family on 3rd May 1946. He was educated in Albury and Melbourne's Xavier College. He was drafted into the National Service in 1968 and later graduated as a 2nd Lieutenant serving in the First Battalion of the Royal Australian Regiment.
He returned from Vietnam and worked on the family farm before entering State politics in 1971. He switched to Federal politics when he won the Federal seat of Farrer in 1984. A workaholic, he married Albury farmer and university lecturer Judy Brewer, 17 years his junior, on 16th November 1992; they have one son.
#
"Fisher, Andrew",270,"e\8\fisher.jpg","c","0"
(1862-1928)
\ILabor politician who was prime minister of Australia 1908-09, 1910-13 and 1914-15.\i
Born in Scotland, Andrew Fisher began work in a coalmine at the age of nine. He migrated to Queensland in 1885, worked as a coalminer at Gympie and became president of the local Miners' Association. He was a member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly from 1893 and in 1901 was elected to the new federal parliament. He became Labor leader in 1907 and prime minister for the first time in 1908 after the Deakin government, deprived of Labor support, fell. His ministry was replaced by a Conservative coalition in 1909 but in 1910 Labor won a resounding victory at the polls.
Fisher's second government established the Commonwealth Bank, an Australian paper currency and the Australian Navy; began work on the national capital and expanded social welfare with maternity allowances and invalid pensions. Narrowly defeated by \JJoseph Cook\j's group in 1913, Fisher returned to power in 1914 when Cook called an early election and lost. But this ministry was distracted by the crisis in Europe and by divisions in the party over conscription. Fisher resigned in 1915 and was high commissioner in London from 1916 to 1921.
\BDescription:\b Andrew Fisher \I(Jonathan King)\i
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"Fisk, Sir Ernest Thomas",271,"e\8\fisk.jpg","c","0"
(1886-1965)
\IPioneer of radio communication.\i
Fisk was born in Sunbury on Thames, England. After training with the Marconi Company he became a radio operator on Cunard's trans Atlantic run. He established the Marconi Company in Australia in 1911 and became managing director (and later chairman of directors) of Amalgamated Wireless (A'Asia) Ltd (AWA) in 1917. In 1918 Fisk became the first in Australia to receive a direct wireless transmission from Great Britain when his Wahroonga, Sydney, receiver picked up Morse signals from the Marconi station at Carnarvon, Wales.
He was also the first to establish voice contact between Australia and England when he spoke to Marconi in England from Sydney in 1924. He was managing director of EMI in England from 1944-51, later returning to Sydney. He was knighted in 1937.
\BDescription:\b Sir Ernest Fisk \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
#
"Fitzgerald, Gerald Edward (Tony)",272,"0","g","0"
(1941- )
\ILawyer who headed the 1987-89 Queensland inquiry into police corruption and organised crime.\i
Born in Brisbane, Tony Fitzgerald graduated in law from the University of Queensland and became a queen's counsel in Queensland, Victoria and New South Wales. He was a judge of the Federal Court of Australia and of the Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory 1981-84. In 1987 he was appointed to head the Queensland Commission of Inquiry into Possible Illegal Activities and Associated Police Misconduct.
Plans for the inquiry went ahead while the premier, Sir Joh Bjelke Petersen, was diverted by the possibility of attempting to become prime minister at the 1987 federal election. Despite expectations that Fitzgerald and his assistants would be unable to penetrate the entrenched protection around police connected crime, the Fitzgerald inquiry was able to uncover widespread corruption extending into the ranks of the National Party government. It played a significant role in the ending of the premiership of Bjelke Petersen and the subsequent loss of government by the National Party in 1989.
Fitzgerald's report of 1989 led to charges being laid against several high ranking members of the police force and some members of the former government, including ex-premier Bjelke Petersen. In 1990 Fitzgerald was appointed head of the Queensland inquiry into the conservation of Fraser Island and the Great Sandy region. His report of 1991 recommended World Heritage listing.
#
"Flinders, Matthew",273,mattf.jpg,c,0
(1774-1814)
Matthew Flinders, British Naval officer, navigator, and explorer who named Australia, was born at Donnington in Lincolnshire, England on 16th March 1774, the son of a family of surgeons. Inspired by reading \IRobinson Crusoe,\i he joined the Royal Navy in 1789 aged 15 and served for a time under Captain William Bligh. In 1796, he sailed for Port Jackson on board the \IReliance,\i where he formed a friendship with George Bass. Soon after their arrival, the pair explored Botany Bay and the Georges River.
He explored and surveyed the coast of Australia, and was the first to circumnavigate the continent in 1802. After returning to England he wrote \IObservations on the Coast of New South Wales.\i He married his wife Ann Chappel in 1801, but they only spent three months together and did not see each other again for another nine years until he returned on 23rd October 1810, after a series of mishaps. He arrived in Mauritius on 17th December 1803 and was arrested, because France and England were at war. He was held in custody for six years until 14th June 1810.
He later published accounts of his early expeditions and was then given command of the \IInvestigator.\i An island in Port Phillip Bay is named after him as well as a Street in Melbourne; the main Melbourne Railway station is called Flinders Street Station. His book, \IJourney to Terra Australia,\i was responsible for Australia being so named, and was first published on 18th July 1814. The publisher sent Flinders a copy of the book but he was already unconscious and died in London the next day on 19th July 1814, aged 40.
It took another seven years for the Government to approve the name Australia, as suggested by Flinders. In 1853, the combined governments decided to pay his widow a pension of ú100 per year, only to find that she had died penniless the year before.
\BDescription:\b Matthew Flinders \I(GBRMPA)\i
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"Florey, Sir Howard Walter*",274,"0","g","0"
(Baron Florey of Adelaide and Marston) (1898-1968)
\IScientist who developed penicillin, the first antibiotic.\i
Born and educated in Adelaide, Florey won a Rhodes scholarship to Oxford in 1921. He held several fellowships in England and the United States during the 1920s and the chair of pathology at Sheffield University (1931-35) before returning to Oxford as professor of pathology. Here he collaborated with Ernst Chain to develop penicillin from the mould which Alexander Fleming had discovered in 1928. This work won the Nobel Prize for medicine in 1945. After successful clinical trials in England, Florey organised large scale production of the antibiotic in the USA and it was used successfully during the final stages of World War II.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1941 and was the first Australian citizen to become president of the Society (1960-65). From 1944-57 he served on the advisory committee of the \JJohn Curtin\j School of Medical Research but declined to leave Oxford to become its first director in 1958. In 1962 he was appointed Provost of Queen's College, Oxford and in 1966 was installed as chancellor of the Australian National University. He received many international honours, was knighted in 1944 and in 1965 was made a life peer.
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"Flynn, John",275,"0","g","0"
(1880-1951)
\IClergyman and missionary who founded the Royal Flying Doctor Service.\i
John Flynn was born in Moliagul, Victoria, and in 1911 was ordained into the Presbyterian Church. In 1912 he was given the task of reporting to the church on the needs of the Northern Territory and Central Australia. The result of his report was that a special mission area was set up in the Northern Territory and Flynn appointed its superintendent. For the next 39 years he organised travelling ministers, nursing homes and welfare centres for the area. In 1928 he set up the Australian Inland Mission Aerial Medical Service at Cloncurry, Queensland, with a system of pedal wireless receivers located in the outback and connected to a base at Cloncurry. Doctors and nurses were to fly to the outback to treat patients or prescribe by radio. The first doctor, K.H. Vincent Welch, flew about 32,000 kilometres in the first year and attended 255 patients. This became the Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia.
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"Forde, Francis Michael (Frank)",276,"e\8\sanfran3.jpg","c","0"
(1890-1983)
\ILabor politician who was caretaker prime minister of Australia in July 1945.\i
Frank Forde was born in Queensland and became a school teacher. He entered the federal parliament in 1922 and was minister for trade and customs in the Scullin Labor government. He became deputy leader to \JJohn Curtin\j and was army minister after Labor returned to office in 1941. On Curtin's death in 1945, Forde was caretaker prime minister from 6 to 13 July before being defeated by \JBen Chifley\j in the leadership contest. He lost his seat in the 1946 election and was high commissioner to Canada from 1946 to 1953.
\BDescription:\b Francis Forde signing the Charter at the San Francisco Conference in 1945 \I(United Nations)\i
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"Forrest, Sir John",277,"e\8\king0055.jpg","c","0"
(1st Baron Forrest of Bunbury) (1847-1918)
\ISurveyor, explorer, first premier of Western Australia and member of the early federal parliaments.\i
Born near Bunbury in Western Australia, Forrest trained as a surveyor and in 1876 was appointed deputy surveyor-general of Western Australia. By this time he had become well known as an explorer. In 1870 he led the first crossing of the continent from west to east along the Great Australian Bight and in 1874 a second crossing from Geraldton to Peak Hill along the Overland Telegraph route. These expeditions gained him note but did not open up substantial new land. His brother Alexander, who was his deputy on these journeys, later explored much of northern Western Australia, opening up the Kimberleys area.
In 1883 \JJohn Forrest\j entered the Legislative Council as surveyor-general and commissioner of crown lands. With the introduction of responsible government in 1890 he was elected unopposed for the seat of Bunbury and became first premier and colonial treasurer of Western Australia. During the time he dominated Western Australian politics, great expansion took place for which he took credit, although some was due to the discovery of gold. However, he launched a large and costly public works program and, though a conservative, initiated several reforms including the removal of property qualifications for electors for the Legislative Assembly.
He was also a firm advocate of Federation while arguing strongly for the protection of states' rights by the Senate. He was elected to the first House of Representatives where he was staunchly anti-Labor. He was instrumental in forming the anti-Labor Fusion government of 1909. He later served in several ministerial posts, including treasurer in various governments, being defeated by one vote for the prime ministership in 1913. He died in office as treasurer in the Hughes government.
Lindsay Fox, Australian businessman and chairman of Australia's Linfox Transport Group, was born in Melbourne on 19th April 1937. He started out in 1956 with one truck and in 1993 was the largest privately owned transport company in Australia. He served for a number of years as president of the St. Kilda football club. He married his wife Paula in December 1960 and they had four sons and two daughters.
In 1987, Kerry Packer bet him $60,000 that he could not lose seven kilograms in seven weeks. Fox won and spent his winnings on a night out at the Regent Hotel. In 1992 Fox got involved with ACTU secretary Bill Kelty in an effort to join business and unions together to find employment for young people. In April 1993, after allegations that his company was receiving special treatment from Coles Myer because he was a board member, Fox Transport sold off part of its transport operation to Coles Myer.
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"Frank, Jackie",279,0,g,0
(1963- )
Jackie Frank, Melbourne social and fashion journalist, was born in Melbourne on 11th January 1963, the daughter of well-known hairdresser and socialite, Lillian Frank. She studied as a town planner but did not sit her exams. After trying hairdressing, she was involved in a car accident and was unable to work on her feet. She joined \IHarpers Bazaar\i magazine as a journalist in 1985 and, after it closed in 1987, she went to England to work for \IElle\i magazine as fashion editor.
She moved to New York in 1991 and worked on the USA edition of \IElle\i, before joining \IMademoiselle\i magazine. In 1992, after that magazine folded, she joined the British magazine \IMarie Clare\i, as its USA correspondent. In 1995, she was appointed editor of the Australian edition of \IMarie Clare\i, which in the 1990s has become one of Australia's leading fashion magazines.
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"Franklin, (Stella Maria Sarah) Miles",280,"0","g","0"
(1879-1954)
\INovelist who wrote My Brilliant Career (1901) and under whose will the Miles Franklin Award for literature was instituted.\i
Born at Talbingo, her family's grazing property near Tumut, New South Wales, Miles Franklin spent her youth helping her family in their dairy farming, a life she found restrictive and boring. Rejecting the conventions of her time, she decided she wanted to be a writer rather than fall into the traditional role of wife and mother. At the age of 20 she wrote \IMy Brilliant Career,\i the title being ironic, which was first published in Edinburgh in 1901 with an introduction by \JHenry Lawson\j.
She then worked as a housemaid in Sydney and Melbourne, also as a freelance journalist, making literary contacts and becoming involved in the feminist movement. \IMy Brilliant Career\i brought her fame and also the censure of some of her friends and relatives, who believed themselves represented in the characters of the book. In 1906 she went to the United States where she was associated with the Australian feminist, Alice Henry, and was actively involved in social work and the suffragette movement. During World War I she went to England. In 1932 she returned permanently to Australia, living in the Sydney suburb of Carlton.
After her return to Australia she published a series of novels, some in her own name - \IAll That Swagger\i (1936) and \IMy Career Goes Bust\i (published in 1946 but written shortly after \IMy Brilliant Career\i as a sequel) - and six novels under the pseudonym 'Brent of Bin Bin'. Bin Bin was the name of a run neighbouring that of her family when she was young. These novels in general are inferior to \IMy Brilliant Career\i and, coming after such a long gap, seemed out of touch with the times, part of an out-of-date nationalism. In 1952-53 she wrote the autobiographical \IChildhood at Brindabella.\i This was published posthumously in 1962 after the executor of her estate gave the manuscript to the publisher Angus & Robertson.
There is also a large body of unpublished manuscripts by Miles Franklin. At her death she left her diaries to the Mitchell Library and endowed an annual award for a novel depicting Australian life. The Miles Franklin Award is now Australia's most prestigious literary award. \IMy Brilliant Career\i was made into a highly acclaimed film in 1978-79.
\ILiberal politician who was prime minister of Australia 1975-83.\i
Born in Melbourne into a wealthy grazier family, Fraser managed his family's property in western Victoria. He won the federal seat of Wannon in 1955. By the mid-1960s he was one of the key figures in the Liberal Party, holding a number of portfolios and being involved in both the rise and fall of \JJohn Gorton\j.
He replaced Billy Snedden as Liberal leader in 1975 and proceeded to engineer the demise of the Whitlam Labor government. He was instrumental in bringing about the blocking of supply by the Senate and the following constitutional crisis in which the governor-general, Sir \JJohn Kerr\j, dismissed Whitlam and dissolved both houses of parliament. At the subsequent election the coalition parties won a record majority and won further elections in 1977 and 1980.
An aloof but domineering figure in his party, Fraser was dubbed 'the Prefect' by his colleagues. With a policy of fighting inflation first, his government tried to reduce the federal deficit and stimulate private industrial activity, dismantling many of Whitlam's reforms. In early 1983, with unemployment increasing rapidly and business activity decreasing, Fraser gambled on an early election, but was caught unawares by the change in Labor leadership from Hayden to Hawke and was soundly defeated. Fraser resigned from parliament later in 1983. He has since involved himself in some aspects of international affairs, becoming a spokesperson against apartheid and other systems of racial discrimination, particularly within the Commonwealth of Nations.
\BDescription:\b Malcolm Fraser \I(Gum Tree Graphics)\i
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"Freeman, Sir James",282,0,g,0
(1907-91)
Cardinal Sir James Freeman, former Catholic Archbishop of Sydney, was born in Annandale, Sydney on 19th November 1907, the only son of a Sydney tram driver. He was ordained a priest in 1930 aged 22, and at the age of 33 became an Auxiliary Bishop before becoming Bishop of Armidale in 1968, and ultimately Archbishop of Sydney in 1971. He stepped down as Sydney's Archbishop in 1983, and died at Sydney's St. VincentÆs Hospital on 16th March 1991, aged 83.
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"French, Leonard William",283,"0","g","0"
(1928- )
\IArtist noted for his abstract portrayal of religious themes.\i
Leonard French was born in Brunswick in Victoria and began his working life as a signwriter. He later taught drawing and design before deciding to follow a career in painting. He travelled to Europe in 1949, on his return to Australia eighteen months later exhibiting his \IIliad\i paintings. His \IOdyssey\i followed in 1955 and two outstanding murals also painted at this time - one for a coffee bar and one for the University of Melbourne - were followed in 1961 by the Genesis series. In the following year he received the Blake Prize for religious art for his \ICampion\i series, which deals with the life and death of Edmund Campion, a sixteenth century Jesuit priest and martyr. One of the major paintings in this series, \IDeath Full of Wounds,\i uses the early Christian symbol of the fish to represent Campion - blood red, pierced by lances and full of holes, it arches in the sky against a black sun.
French's work is characterised by a sumptuousness of paint and colour; his paintings appear to glow and gleam richly. He is also known for his stained glass work, which includes sixteen windows in the National Library in \JCanberra\j. His work is also represented in the Australian \JNational Gallery\j, \JCanberra\j, all state galleries, the Hamilton Art Centre, Canada, the Museum of Modern Art, New York, and other United States collections.
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"Friend, Donald Stuart Leslie",284,"e\8\dfriend.jpg","c","0"
(1915-89)
\IArtist noted for his paintings and wash drawings of Balinese people.\i
Donald Friend was born in Sydney and studied art there and at the Westminster School in London. He worked in Nigeria from 1938 to 1940 and then returned to Sydney where he began exhibiting his drawings and paintings, becoming recognised as one of the new generation of painters. After service in World War II he travelled widely, including to the Torres Strait Islands and Sri Lanka. From 1967 to 1980 he lived in Bali, building a studio there and sending regular exhibitions of his work to Sydney galleries. He is represented in the Australian \JNational Gallery\j, all state galleries and many regional galleries.
His work is decorative and figurative in style, and thus in some sense could be called unfashionable. His decorativeness is backed by a masterful and fluent command of draughtsmanship which has put him in the list of major Australian drawers. His work is also humorous and shows sharp observation. It has most warmth and generosity when it is depicting his favourite subjects - the ethnic people of Bali, Sri Lanka, the Torres Strait Islands and Africa.
\BDescription:\b Donald Friend \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
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"Fulton, Margaret",285,0,g,0
(1924- )
Margaret Fulton, Australian cooking expert, home economist and author of recipes, was born at Inverness in Scotland on 6th October 1924. She has written for a number of magazines including the Australian \IWomen's Weekly\i, \INew Idea\i and \IWoman's Day\i. She has also written numerous cookbooks.
Deborra-Lee Furness is an actress who has performed in various motion pictures, television series and theatrical productions. She has trained and performed extensively in the United States of America.
Deborra-Lee's professional training includes: a Degree of Advanced Acting and an AOS Degree from the American Academy of Dramatic Arts (New York), acting workshops with Carol Fox Prescott, voice with Theodora Andreas (New York) and pilate movement and dance with Carol Reynolds (New York).
She has performed in the following motion pictures: \IAngel Baby, Newsies, Waiting, Voyager, Blue Heat, A Cry in the Dark, A Matter of Convenience, Two Brothers Running, Celia, Shame, The Humpty Dumpty Man, Cool Change, Jenny Kissed Me\i and \ICrossover Dreams.\i
Her television appearances include: \IFire, Correlli, Halifax, G.P., Singapore Sling, Stark, Act of Betrayal, The Bit Part, Glass Babies, Fields of Fire, The Fast Lane, Falcon Crest\i and \IKings.\i
Deborra-Lee's various theatrical appearances were mainly performed off Broadway (New York). These include: \IA Month in the Country, Children of Darkness, A Severed Head, Masterpieces, Filumena, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, Shadow Box\i and \IThe Learned Ladies.\i
Awards she has received throughout her career include: Best Actress - Silver Shell Award (San Sebastian Film Festival, Spain, 1991), Best Female Actor (Film Critics Circle of Australia, 1988), Best Actress (Seattle International Film Festival, USA, 1988), and Best Film Actress (Variety Award).
\I(Text and photograph supplied courtesy of Barbara Leane and Associates Pty Ltd)\i
\BDescription:\b Deborra-Lee Furness \I(Barbara Leane and Associates Pty Ltd)\i
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"Furphy, Joseph (Tom Collins)",287,"0","g","0"
(1843-1912)
\IAuthor who wrote the classic novel of Australian bush life in the 1880s, Such is Life.\i
Born at Yering (now Yarra Glen), Victoria, Furphy worked as a farmer and on the goldfields. After the failure of a wool carting business he had established in the Riverina, New South Wales, he and his family settled at Shepparton where he worked in his brother's foundry. With this security he had time to read at the local mechanics' institute and in 1889 he began contributing articles to the \IBulletin,\i from 1893 under the pseudonym 'Tom Collins'.
With the encouragement of a school teacher friend, Kate Baker, in 1897 he sent in the manuscript of \ISuch is Life\i which he described as follows: 'scene, Riverina and northern Vic.; temper, democratic; bias, offensively Australian'. The \IBulletin's\i literary editor, A.G. Stephens, suggested lengthy cuts and eventually the novel was published in 1903. Furphy made two further books out of the material excised from \ISuch is Life\i but these were not published in his lifetime.
In 1905 he moved to Western Australia to join his sons and died there in 1912. After his death Kate Baker devoted herself to promoting his work, having \ISuch is Life\i republished and publishing some poems and an edited version of one of his other novels. Eventually he received the recognition originally denied to him. By the 1940s there was a wide literary interest in Furphy.
Full versions of the two books he had made from the excisions from \ISuch is Life\i were published - \IRigby's Romance\i (1946) and \IThe Buln Buln and the Brolga\i (1948). He became the subject of many journal articles and of \JMiles Franklin\j's \IJoseph Furphy: The Legend of a Man and His Book\i (1944).
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"Fysh, Sir (Wilmot) Hudson",288,"0","g","0"
(1895-1974)
\IPioneer aviator and author who was one of the founders of Qantas.\i
Born in Lauceston, Tasmania, \JHudson Fysh\j served with the Australian army at Gallipoli and later in World War I transferred to the Australian Flying Corps. On his return to Australia he and another war pilot, Paul Joseph McGinness, surveyed the air route from Darwin to Longreach in Queensland in preparation for the flight by Ross Smith. He and McGinness then worked to gain the backing of wealthy pastoralists who wanted Queensland's western railheads linked by air and in 1920 they registered Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Services Ltd (QANTAS), which began operating in 1922. Fysh was managing director from 1923.
Following the establishment of Australia-England airmail flights, for which Fysh piloted the Darwin to Brisbane route in 1931, Qantas Empire Airways Ltd was formed in 1934. After the shares in this company were taken over by the Australian government in 1947, Fysh remained as managing director and later chairman. He was knighted in 1953 and retired in 1966, by which time Qantas had a fleet of 160 passenger jets. Fysh published several books on aviation and history, including \IQantas Rising\i (1965) and \IWings to the World\i (1970).
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"Gair, Vincent Clair",289,"0","g","0"
(1902-80)
\ILabor politician who was premier of Queensland 1952-57 and federal leader of the Democratic Labor Party 1965-74.\i
Vince Gair was born in Rockhampton, Queensland, and became a railway clerk. He joined the Australian Labor Party in 1919 and was a member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly 1932-60. He was premier from 1952. In 1957 he was expelled from the Labor Party as a result of the great Labor split of the mid 1950s caused by the right wing, Catholic, anti-communist group.
He formed the Queensland Labor Party and continued as premier but his government was defeated at an election later the same year. In 1962 the Queensland Labor Party became a state branch of the Democratic Labor Party (DLP) and in 1965 Gair entered the federal parliament as a Queensland senator and leader of the DLP. The DLP, in giving its preferences to the coalition, was instrumental in keeping Labor out of office during the 1960s. In 1974 the Whitlam Labor government, hopeful of winning an extra Senate seat, gave Gair a posting as ambassador to Ireland. This controversial appointment was ended by the Fraser government in 1976.
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"Galwey, Robyn",290,0,g,0
(1962-95)
Robyn Galwey, Australian model and fashion reporter, was born in Newcastle on 28th November 1962. She appeared in the film \IGallipoli\i and later moved to New York to model. After returning to Australia in the early 1980s she joined Elle Bache as a publicist. In 1988, she was a reporter on Channel 9's \ILive at Five\i, and later worked as a fashion reporter on the \IToday Show\i. She died after complications from a post operative liver biopsy on 31st March 1995, aged 32.
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"Game, Sir Phillip Woolcott",291,0,g,0
(1876-1961)
Sir Phillip Woolcott Game, Governor of New South Wales from 1930-35, was born at Streatham, England on 30th March 1876. He served in the British Army as a Major in France during WWI and in 1916 joined the Royal Air Force, rising to the rank of Air Vice Marshall. His most notable deed was the dismissal of Jack Lang's New South Wales government in 1932, after Lang withdrew public monies from banks to stop payments to London during the depression.
After a new election, the Lang Labor Party was defeated. Game left Sydney in 1935 and was appointed Commissioner of the London metropolitan police force, a position he held until retiring in 1945. He died at his home in Kent on 4th February 1961, aged 85.
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"Gandel, John",292,"0","g","0"
(1934- )
\ICompany director with interests in retail property.\i
Born in Melbourne, by the late 1980s John Gandel was reported to be the largest individual retail property owner in Australia with personal assets of about $180 million. He began his career working in the Sussan chain of budget fashion stores, started by his Polish immigrant father in 1942. The chain had expanded to more than 200 stores with an annual turnover of $125 million when Gandel sold it. He owns several shopping centres in Victoria and is a generous benefactor through such bodies as the Gandel Charitable Trust. He has been on the board of management of the Alfred Hospital in Melbourne since 1985 and chairman of the Jewish Museum of Australia since 1983.
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"Gardiner, Frank",293,"e\8\king0038.jpg","c","0"
(1830-?1903)
\IBushranger who survived capture and was released on a royal pardon.\i
Born in Scotland, although many documents claim it was near Goulburn, New South Wales, he was variously known by the surnames of Gardiner, Christie (his parent's surname), Clarke and Jones. At the age of nineteen he began horse stealing and by 1854 was bushranging in the Yass-Gundagai area. He formed a gang with John Gilbert as his lieutenant. In 1862 he secured his reputation as a bushranger of note when he stole an estimated ú14,000 from the Forbes gold coach, which his gang held up at Eugowra. It was the biggest gold escort robbery ever carried out in New South Wales. Although many of his gang were captured, Gardiner managed to flee to Queensland where he was finally captured in 1864.
Ten years later he was released from prison on a royal pardon after the presentation of a public petition pointing out his good behaviour during his imprisonment. The granting of this pardon resulted in the passing of a parliamentary censure motion against the Parkes government and the calling of an election at which Parkes temporarily lost office. Gardiner went to the United States where he ran a bar called the Twilight Saloon in San Francisco. The circumstances of the rest of his life are unknown, although it was reported that he died of pneumonia while in San Francisco. He is the subject of many ballads.
\BDescription:\b Frank Gardiner \I(Jonathan King)\i
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"Gaudron, Mary Genevieve",294,"0","g","0"
(1943- )
\IJudge who was the first woman to become a justice of the High Court of Australia.\i
Born in Sydney, Gaudron graduated in law from the University of Sydney, winning the University Medal. In 1974 she became the youngest ever federal judge when she was appointed deputy president of the Conciliation and Arbitration Commission. She resigned in 1979 and from 1981 to 1987 was New South Wales solicitor general, in which position she was involved in decisions affecting corruption investigations. In 1987 she was made a High Court justice, the first woman to be so appointed. She is regarded as a progressive, with judgments tending to strengthen the Commonwealth against the states.
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"George, Sir Arthur Thomas",295,"0","g","0"
(1915- )
\ICompany director with main interests in property development.\i
Born in Sydney of Greek parents, he changed his name from Athanasios Theodore Tzortzatos to Arthur George, became a lawyer and then turned to property investment. His personal wealth, estimated at $20 million in 1988, was derived from substantial interests in grazing, agriculture, and commercial and residential property development. He has been a director of Australian Solenoid Holdings Ltd, G & P Hotels Ltd and TNT Ltd since 1973.
He has received many awards and honours from the Greek Orthodox Church, endowed the chair of classical archaeology at the University of Sydney and has been active in community affairs. From 1969 to 1988 he was president of the Australian Soccer Federation. He was knighted in 1972 and was appointed AO in 1987.
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"Gibbs, May",296,"0","g","0"
(1876-1969)
\IWriter and artist, noted for her children's books with Australian bush fairy characters.\i
Born in England, \JMay Gibbs\j came to Western Australia with her parents while a child. She was educated in Perth and in England where she studied graphic art. Back in Australia, she settled in Sydney and in 1916 published \IThe Gumnut Babies,\i from which came her famous characters, Snugglepot and Cuddlepie and Bib and Bub, little naked bush cherubs with gumnut hats.
She published several further books, including \ISnugglepot and Cuddlepie\i (1918) and \IThe Complete Adventures of Snugglepot and Cuddlepie\i (1940). Her 'Bib and Bub' comic strip ran in various Sydney newspapers for most of the period 1924 to 1967.
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"Gibbs, Sir Harry Talbot",297,"0","g","0"
(1917- )
\IJudge who was chief justice of the High Court of Australia 1981-87.\i
Born in Sydney, Harry Gibbs was educated in Queensland and graduated in law from the University of Queensland. He was admitted to the Queensland bar in 1939 and after war service he returned to law, becoming a queen's counsel in 1957. From 1961 he was variously a judge of the Queensland Supreme Court, federal judge in bankruptcy and a judge of the Australian Capital Territory Supreme Court. He thus had had wide experience when he was appointed to the High Court in 1970.
When he succeeded Sir Garfield Barwick as chief justice in 1981, he was one of the few holders of this position not to have had prior political involvement. After his retirement in 1987 he was appointed head of the review into Commonwealth criminal law.
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"Gibney, Rebecca",298,"e\8\rebgibne.jpg","c","0"
(1964- )
Rebecca Gibney was born in New Zealand on 14th December 1964, the youngest of six children. She came to Australia in 1985. Rebecca is an award winning actress who has received an AFI Award for Best Actress in a Mini-Series, 1990 for \ICome In Spinner,\i Silver Logie for Most Outstanding Actress On Television, 1991 and People's Choice Award for Most Popular Television Actress, 1993.
Rebecca's television performances include \IG.P., Halifax f.p., The Silver Brumby\i - animated series which Rebecca was the voice for the character Boon Boon, \ITime Trax, Snowy, All Together Now, Ring of Scropio, Come In Spinner, Perry, The Flying Doctors, The Great Bookie Robbery, Zoo Family, Sea Urchins 3, Pioneer Women\i and \IInside Straight.\i
Film productions include \ILucky Break, Jigsaw, I Live With Me Dad, Mr. Wrong\i and\I Among the Cinders.\i Rebecca also did some narration for the short feature film \IBathing Boxes.\i
\IThis information and photograph supplied courtesy of Barbara Gange Management.\i
\BDescription:\b Rebecca Gibney \I(Barbara Gange Management)\i.
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"Gill, Samuel Thomas",299,"0","g","0"
(1818-80)
\IArtist noted for sketches and paintings of the Victorian goldfields.\i
Gill was born in England and, after studying art in London and working in a profile studio, came to Australia with his family in 1839, settling in Adelaide. He worked as a watercolourist, sketcher and draughtsman, gaining work by advertising in the South Australian Register. About 250 of his sketches of people and of topographical features of South Australia survive from the 1840s.
In 1851, poverty stricken, he left for the Victorian goldfields. From this time on he published a series of collected paintings and sketches done in a nonchalant, humorous style that has been called identifiably Australian. These include \ISketches of the Victoria Gold Diggings and Diggers as They Are\i (1852) and \ISketches in Victoria\i (1855-56). Probably the best known of his individual works is the ink and watercolour \IThe First Subscription Ball, \JBallarat\j\i (1854).
His years in Sydney from 1856 to 1864 produced \IScenery In and Around Sydney\i and \ISydney Illustrated.\i Back in Melbourne, he published \IThe Australian Sketchbook\i (1865), a series of lithographs of bush life. In 1869 and 1872 he produced two series of watercolours of the goldfields for the Melbourne Public Library. His work is also represented in the Australian \JNational Gallery\j, \JCanberra\j, and all state art galleries.
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"Gilmore, Dame Mary",300,"0","g","0"
(1865-1962)
\IPoet, author, journalist, social reformer and peace campaigner.\i
Born Mary Jean Cameron near Goulburn, New South Wales, she became a teacher and, having begun a lifelong sympathy with the labour movement and having supported the maritime and shearers' strikes of the 1890s, she became the first woman member of the Australian Workers' Union. She became friends with \JHenry Lawson\j and A.G. Stephens and other leading writers and thinkers of the time. In 1895 she joined William Lane's New Australia movement in Paraguay and married one of the settlers, William Gilmore. When the venture collapsed in 1899 she taught English in Patagonia before returning to Australia where she settled in Victoria until 1912; from then until the end of her life she lived in Sydney.
She wrote for newspapers and from 1908 to 1931 edited the woman's page of the \IAustralian Worker,\i in which she campaigned for a variety of social causes including reform of the treatment of Aborigines, extension of pensions, child health centres and the rights of illegitimate and adopted children. Her ideals were best expressed in her poetry, of which she published nine volumes from 1910 to 1954, including \IMarri'd and Other Verses\i (1910), \IThe Tilted Cart\i (1925), \IBattlefields\i (1939) and \IThe Disinherited\i (1941). Prose works included the autobiographical \IOld Days, Old Ways\i (1934). The poem 'The Baying Hounds' in \IBattlefields\i contains lines that may be said to summarise her attitude: 'There was no hunted one; With whom I did not run.'
A nationally respected figure, Mary Gilmore was given a state funeral by the New South Wales and Commonwealth governments. She was created a Dame in 1937. Several studies of her work have been published and a selection of her letters, edited by W.H. Wilde and T. Inglis, was published in 1980. \JWilliam Dobell\j's portrait of her, painted in 1957, is in the Art Gallery of New South Wales.
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"Gilroy, His Eminence Sir Norman Thomas",301,"0","g","0"
(1896-1977)
\IRoman Catholic archbishop and cardinal.\i
Born in Sydney, Gilroy first worked as a telegraphist for the post office and, having enlisted in 1914, served at Gallipoli and elsewhere as a wireless operator. After his return to Australia he decided to become a priest, in 1917 entering St Columba's College, Springwood, New South Wales, and in 1919 the Urban College of Propaganda, Rome. He was ordained in 1923 and was appointed secretary to the apostolic delegate in Sydney in 1924. He became diocesan chancellor in 1931 and bishop of Port Augusta, South Australia, in 1934.
From 1940 to his retirement in 1971 he was archbishop of Sydney. During these years he followed a doctrinally conservative view but opposed the right wing political activities of some Catholic groups, such as 'the Movement', therefore differing in view from Archbishop Mannix. Gilroy was elevated in 1946, becoming the first Australian born cardinal, and was knighted in 1969, becoming the first cardinal knight.
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"Glover, John",302,"0","g","0"
(1767-1849)
\IPioneer Australian landscape painter; through English eyes he tried to accurately portray the Tasmanian landscape.\i
John Glover was born in England. After a short period working on his father's farm he studied painting and became a regular exhibitor at the Royal Academy. He moved to London in 1805 and was a foundation member of the Society of Painters in Water Colours. In 1831, at the age of 64, he sailed for Hobart to join three of his sons who had emigrated two years earlier. There he was granted land on the Nile River, and with his sons developed it and extended it by purchase until the holding covered some 3,000 hectares.
All the while he painted the surrounding district: \IMilles Plains\i (1836) with huge gums and Aboriginal camp; \IAustralian Landscape with Cattle\i (1830s), a beautiful pastoral scene which sensitively depicts sprawling gums and grey green ranges while also bringing to the Australian bush the feeling of 'a gentleman's park in England', and \IGlover's House and Garden\i (c. 1840), a faithful record of his 'Patterdale' homestead with its neat gardens nestled in mellow light on the edge of unmistakably Australian hills (the house was named in memory of Patterdale in England, where Glover had owned a house that had once belonged to the poet William Wordsworth). More than sixty of his paintings were exhibited in London in 1835 and he also had an exhibition in the colony in 1847.
#
"Goldstein, Vida",303,"e\8\lady.jpg","c","0"
(1869-1949)
\IPioneer feminist, pacifist and social reformer.\i
Born in Melbourne, Goldstein was involved soon after leaving school in working with her social reformer mother to raise money for the foundation of the Queen Victoria Hospital for Women in Melbourne. She was also involved in the women's suffrage movement and in 1899 became president of the Women's Suffrage League. In 1900 she founded a monthly newspaper, the \IWoman's Sphere,\i and in 1909 a similar publication, the \IWoman Voter.\i
Both reached an international audience and were mainly concerned with working class women's issues. In these years she made several unsuccessful attempts to enter parliament. One of her achievements, after years of agitation, was the creation of separate children's courts in Victoria. She also formulated meticulous accounts of the household budgets of poor families which were used as one of the bases of the Harvester Judgment of 1907, which set a basic wage. She made several trips to the United States and England, where she was invited to give lectures on women's rights.
When World War I began Goldstein founded the Peace Alliance which was followed by the Women's Peace Army, then the Children's Peace Army. These organised speeches and demonstrations to persuade the public that the war was an imperialist venture which resulted in hardship mainly for ordinary workers. Goldstein represented Australia at the Geneva Women's Peace Conference in 1919 but after this withdrew from public life and became a religious healer within the Christian Science faith.
"Gordon, Adam Lindsay",304,"e\8\gordon.jpg","c","0"
(1833-70)
\IPoet and horseman remembered for his poems of Australian outback life.\i
Born in the Azores and educated in England, Gordon migrated to South Australia in 1853 after his aristocratic family decided this would be the answer to his unsettled lifestyle. He was a member of the South Australian Mounted Police for a short while and then resigned to become a horse breaker and steeplechase rider. After receiving an inheritance from England he invested in a number of land and horse stables: business ventures which ended in failure. His personal life was also unhappy with his only child dying young and his wife leaving him for a long period. At the same time he remained a successful steeplechase rider and was also contributing poetry to a number of journals.
He was a member of Melbourne's literary circle, which included \JMarcus Clarke\j and \JHenry Kendall\j. He published \ISea Spray and Smoke Drift\i in 1867 and in 1870 his famous volume of verse, \IBush Ballads and Galloping Rhymes,\i was published to acclaim from his literary peers. But by this time he had sustained a serious head injury in a riding accident, was in debt and suffering from depression. He shot himself dead the day after the book's publication. After his death he became a widely adulated figure, his poems, such as \IThe Sick Stockrider,\i seen as reflecting and praising the outback life.
\BDescription:\b Adam Lindsay Gordon \I(Jonathan King)\i
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"Gordon, Lee",305,0,g,0
(1920-63)
Lee Gordon, Australian showbusiness entrepreneur, was born in 1920. He launched the careers of Johnny O'Keefe, The Delltones and Lonnie Lee, and was the first to import acts such as Frank Sinatra and Johnny Ray. One of his strange quirks was to sleep in a coffin in his Kings Cross office. A year before he died, he married an Australian showgirl in Acapulco with Frank Sinatra his best man. He died in London on 6th November 1963, aged 43.
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"Gore, Mike",306,0,g,0
(1941-94)
Mike Gore, Australian land developer and entrepreneur, was born on 22nd August 1941. He came to fame as leader of the Joh Bjelke Petersen for Canberra push, adding $25 million to the campaign funds. He started out as an RAAF pilot, charter operator, racing car driver and boat salesman. After making his fortune as a used car salesman, he converted a mosquito-infested swamp on the Gold Coast into the $500 million Sanctuary Cove Resort. In 1988, he flew Frank Sinatra and Whitney Houston to Australia to sing exclusively at the opening.
On 19th October 1988, Gore paid a world record price of $330,000 for a ram at the Dubbo sheep sales. He divorced his first wife Lyn in the early 1970s and moved to the Gold Coast where he married Jenny Parker, the daughter of a prominent Queensland grazing family. They divorced in 1989 and he later married an American sports psychologist, Karen Vernon, whom he met at a San Diego health farm in the USA.
Following his business collapse in Australia in September 1991, which saw him sell out to Ariadne, he moved to Vancouver in Canada where he died on 17th December 1994, aged 53. He was survived by his wife, their twin girls, and five other children.
#
"Gorr, Lisbeth",307,"0","g","0"
Continuing the pioneering tradition of Australian women that echoes throughout the ages on a rocky route from Caroline Chisholm to Annita Keating, emerges Lisbeth Gorr - Australia's eternally young night time television host.
Beginning as the regular Melbourne correspondent on \ILive And Sweaty\i Libbi soon took over the reins to become writer, producer and host of that show. Libbi's interviews became legendary and she moved from the sporting arena into politics - writing, producing a popular comedy chat show in which Libbi interviews high profile politicians and pits them against one another in a fun trivia game.
Along the way Libbi made the highly acclaimed documentary which won the Gold Medal in its category at the 1994 New York Festival of Television - \ISex, Guys and Video Tapes, A Very Sweaty Christmas,\i co-hosted ABC's \IMardi Gras\i coverage and recently wrote, produced and presented \IMcFeast: The 20th Anniversary Of The Whitlam Dismissal.\i
\IThis information supplied courtesy of Hilary Linstead & Associates Pty Ltd.\i
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"Gorton, Sir John Grey",308,"e\8\gorton.jpg","c","0"
(1911- )
\ILiberal politician who was prime minister of Australia 1968-71.\i
Born in Melbourne, John Gorton took over his family's grazing property when his father died in 1936. After war service, he became involved in the building up of the Liberal Party in Victoria and was elected to the Senate in 1949. He held various portfolios from 1958, including being the first federal minister for education and leader of the government in the Senate in the Holt government. He was chosen leader of the Liberal Party after Holt's death in 1967 and transferred to the lower house.
Though having a 'good bloke' image with the public, he had a style of leadership which colleagues found difficult, with his tendency to make important statements without consultation and his public conflicts with leading Liberal state premiers. These problems, combined with divisions over the Vietnam War and major drops in the government's support at elections in 1969 and 1970, led to a party vote of confidence in him as leader being taken in 1971. The direct cause of this was \JMalcolm Fraser\j's refusal to serve under him.
The ballot was tied and Gorton resigned rather than use his casting vote to stay in power. He was replaced as prime minister by William \JMcMahon\j, under whom he was defence minister until 1971 when he was dismissed following the publication of his newspaper series, \II Did It My Way.\i He retired finally from politics in 1975. He was knighted in 1977.
\BDescription:\b Sir John Gorton \I(Gum Tree Graphics)\i
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"Gosper, Kevan",309,0,g,0
(1933- )
Kevan Gosper, senior vice president of the International Olympic Committee and former Australian chief executive officer of Shell Petroleum, was born Richard Kevan Gosper in Newcastle on 19th December 1933. After graduating from the Newcastle Teacher's college, he studied at Michigan State University. He was first married to Jillian to whom he had two sons; he than married Judith to whom he has a son and a daughter.
He belonged to the team that won the Olympic silver medal for the 4 x 400 metres in Melbourne in 1956, and held the national 400 metres record from 1956 until 1971. He became the first Australian to be appointed Chairman of Shell in Australia. He was director of the organising committee for the Sydney 2000 Olympic bid. He suffered a cranial haemorrhage during a visit to the Olympic Committee's centennial congress in Paris in September 1994 and was ordered to rest for one month.
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"Goss, Wayne Keith",310,"0","g","0"
(1951-)
Wayne Goss was born in Mundubbera. He is married with two children. He has a Bachelor of Laws, University of Queensland. Wayne was premier of Queensland for the Australian Labor Party until February 1996 when he was voted out.
His parliamentary service includes: Premier, Minister for Economic and Trade Development since 24 September 1992; Premier and Minister for Economic and Trade Development and Minister for the Arts, 7 December 1989 - 24 September 1992. Member of Parliamentary Standing Orders Committee since 9 March 1988. Leader of the Opposition, 2 March 1988 - December 1989. Opposition Spokesman for Justice, May 1985 - March 1988. Member, Select Committee on Privilege, 1983-87. Delegate, Australian Constitutional Convention, 1985; Representative to Subcommittees of Constitutional Convention - External Affairs, Judicature.
In September 1997 Wayne Goss underwent surgery to remove a brain tumour.
\IThis information supplied courtesy of Wendy Skelcey - Legislative Assembly Offices, Parliament House, Brisbane.\i
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"Gould, John",311,0,g,0
(1804-81)
John Gould, celebrated bird watcher, was born in Dorset on 14th September 1804. He grew up at Windsor where his father was one of the Royal gardeners. He started out as a full time taxidermist, skinning and mounting animals at the newly formed London Zoo. He married Elizabeth Coxen in 1829, a brilliant artist who sketched the birds Gould observed and together they produced books \IA Century Of Birds From The Himalayas\i, and \IBirds Of Europe\i.
The couple left England with his assistant John Gilbert in 1838 to compile \IBirds Of Australia\i, in which Gould's wife Elizabeth produced 681 colour plates. Gilbert was speared to death by Aborigines on 27th June 1845. Gould's wife died aged 37 only 18 months after returning to England from Australia. Gould, described as a crusty old character and hard bargainer, died in London on 23rd February 1881, aged 76. His bird watching books act as bird bibles to enthusiasts.
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"Graham, Marcus",312,"e\8\marcusg.jpg","c","0"
Marcus Graham, with his combination of natural talent, dedication and determination, is one of Australia's most gifted young actors.
With a career spanning more than a decade, Marcus first gained national attention in his television debut as 'Wheels' in the Network 10 series \IE Street.\i His performance resulted in a TV week Logie Awards nomination for "Most Popular New Talent" in 1990.
Marcus left \IE Street\i and went to receive critical acclaim for his portrayal of Demetrious in the Sydney Theatre Company's stage production of \IMidsummer Night's Dream.\i He has had extensive experience on stage and screen including the mini-series \IShadows of the Heart\i and \IRatbag Hero,\i both of which were presold to the UK and \IThe Battlers,\i which was awarded a Logie for the "Most Popular Mini-series". He will be seen later this year in the television production \IBlue Murder.\i On stage he has performed in the title role of \IThe Shaughraun\i for the Melbourne and Sydney Theatre Companies, \ITaming of the Shrew\i and \IMacbeth\i for the Bell Shakespeare Company and as Oberon and 'The Duke' in \IA Midsummer Night's Dream\i for Elston Hocking & Woods. Marcus was nominated for a 'MO Award' for his performance of 'Frankenfurter' in \IThe Rocky Horror Show,\i which he performed in Adelaide and Singapore.
More recently Marcus Graham is seen in \IGood Guys, Bad Guys,\i a television series on the Nine Network.
As a major Australian talent, Marcus has found he is in constant demand not only with his acting commitments but with the public and media. To help co-ordinate his public role, he has recently appointed Niki Turner and Associates to look after his publicity and press requirements.
Niki Turner & Associates current client portfolio includes Australian singers and actors such as: Jenny Morris, Kym Wilson and Jeremy Sims and are carrying out the PR campaigns for international acts such as Billy Connolly, British group 'Take That' and Andrew Lloyd Webber's Australian production of \ISunset Boulevard.\i
\IThis information and photograph supplied courtesy of Barbara Leane & Associates Pty Ltd.
\BDescription:\b Marcus Graham \I(Barbara Leane & Associates Pty Ltd)\i
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"Grainger, Percy Aldridge",313,"0","g","0"
(George Percy Grainger) (1882-1961)
\IPianist and composer; though an innovative musician he is best known for popular piano works based on folk song.\i
Grainger was born in Brighton, Victoria, and made his debut as a pianist at the age of ten. He played concerts throughout Australia, being seen as a child prodigy. His mother then took him to Germany where he studied for six years. He began his international career in London when eighteen, adopting the professional name of Percy Aldridge Grainger, the middle name being his mother's maiden name.
He later toured widely in Europe and Scandinavia. He was deeply interested in folk music and spent much time researching, collecting and recording British folk songs, in 1906 introducing the use of the wax cylinder phonograph to this process. This resulted in the collection of 500 British folk songs on which he drew in composing his cycle of \IBritish Folk music Settings.\i This interest also influenced many of his other compositions, as did his friendship with Norwegian composer Edvard Grieg, whose music he frequently played. In 1915 he made his American debut as a concert pianist in New York with Grieg's \IConcerto in A minor for Piano and Orchestra.\i His own innovatory contributions to composition, in which he was mainly self taught, have often been overlooked because his reputation was founded on popular piano works such as \ICountry Gardens,\i published in New York in 1919, and his arrangement of the \ILondonderry Air\i - which he himself called 'fripperies'. He also wrote orchestral and choral works. He was a master of line, rhythm and counterpoint and pioneered the exploration of new sonorities with various arrangements of percussion instruments.
Grainger settled in the United States in 1914 and became an American citizen in 1918. He was chairman of the music department at New York University 1932-33. He made intermittent visits to Australia and in 1935 founded the Grainger Museum in the grounds of the University of Melbourne. He was buried in Adelaide.
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"Grange, Syd",314,0,g,0
(1912-96)
Syd Grange, Australian sports administrator, was born Sydney Broadway Grange in Watford, England on 28th August 1912. He came to Australia when he was only nine months old. He joined the NSW public service in administration at age 16. He served in the RAAF during WWII with air field construction. He married his wife Valerie in 1938 and they had one daughter Beverley.
He was swimming manager of the 1952 Olympic team to Helsinki, a member of the 1956 Melbourne organising committee, and general manager of the Australian team to go to Rome in 1960. He became Australian Olympic Federation president in 1973 and later president of the Australian Olympic Committee. The decision to include a team in the Moscow Olympics played heavily on his health after the then prime minister Malcolm Fraser said he did not want a team to tour. He died in Sydney on 28th October 1996, aged 84.
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"Green, Belinda",315,0,g,0
(1952- )
Belinda Green, former Australian model, was born in Sydney in 1952. She won the Miss World title in London in 1973 and was later romantically involved with British rock star Rod Stewart. She married Sydney advertising whiz John Singleton in 1984 and had two children; however the couple divorced four years later in 1989.
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"Green, Evan",316,0,g,0
(1930-96)
Evan Green, Australian motoring journalist, broadcaster, author, rally driver and television commentator, was born in Sydney on 21st May 1930. He started out with the \IMaitland Times\i and joined the \ISydney Morning Herald\i in 1952 as a general reporter. In 1953 he was appointed motoring editor because of his interest in cars. In 1954 while covering the Redex trial, he formed a life-long friendship with "Gelignite" Jack Murray and wrote his first book, \IJourneys with Gelignite Jack\i He later worked for Ampol and coordinated Sir Donald Campbell's successful attempt on the land speed record at Lake Eyre in 1964.
Green drove around Australia 38 times and competed in three London to Sydney marathons. In the 1970s he was best known as the Seven NetworkÆs motor racing commentator as well as being motoring editor of the \ISydney Morning Herald.\i In 1980, he joined GMH as a director and met his second wife, Yolanta Novak, while working together on a weekly weekend radio motoring show, \IEscape\i, on 3AW, Melbourne. He moved to Fiji in 1990 to run his own small resort, but returned to Australia in 1996 with the onset of cancer.
He wrote four non-fiction novels and seven novels, including \IAlice to Nowhere\i, \IAdams Empire\i, \IKalina\i, \IDust and Glory\i, and \IBet Your Life\i, with the last being \IClancyÆs Crossing\i, published in November 1995. He was divorced from his first wife June, to whom he had four children Gavin, Linda, Randall, and Allison. He and his second wife, Yolanta, adopted two children, Mitchell and Ellia. He died in Sydney from cancer on 16th March 1996, aged 65.
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"Greenway, Francis Howard",317,"e\8\king0128.jpg","c","0"
(1777-1837)
\IArchitect who came to New South Wales as a convict and became Sydney's first civil architect; his buildings included a Government House and many churches.\i
Greenway was born in England where he became an architect. In 1812 he was found guilty of forgery and sentenced to death. This was commuted to fourteen years transportation and he arrived in Sydney in 1814.
He was given a ticket of leave soon after his arrival and set up an architecture practice in George Street. In 1816, under the patronage of \JGovernor Macquarie\j, he became Sydney's first civic architect, his first job being the construction of a lighthouse. On the completion of this he was emancipated by Macquarie. His other buildings included a new Government House, the Female Factory at Parramatta, barracks and a convict compound in Sydney, St Matthews Church, Windsor (considered by many to be his masterpiece), St Lukes Church, Liverpool, St James Church in King St, Sydney, and a hospital at Liverpool.
Greenway came into conflict with \JGovernor Macquarie\j who saw his practice of charging high fees for work done while on government salary as arrogant. He was dismissed in 1822 by Macquarie's successor, Governor Brisbane. He returned to private practice but without his former success and he eventually died in poverty.
\BDescription:\b Macquarie Lighthouse, South Head - Francis Greenway \I(Jonathan King)\i
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"Greer, Germaine",318,"0","g","0"
(1939- )
\IWriter and feminist movement leader; best known for The Female Eunuch.\i
Born in Melbourne, Greer was educated at the University of Melbourne, the University of Sydney and at Cambridge. While lecturing in England, in 1970 she published \IThe Female Eunuch,\i an analysis of female sexual stereotyping, which argues that through time male definitions of females have led to women perceiving themselves as passive, delicate, fearful, and so on - in effect as castrates, hence the title of the book. This became a bestseller after publication in America in 1971 and is regarded as one of the landmark feminist works. Greer became an international media personality and spokesperson on feminist issues.
Subsequent publications include \IThe Obstacle Race\i (1979), a study of the hindrances to women achieving a prominent place in \IWestern art, Sex and Destiny\i (1984), the autobiographical \IDaddy We Hardly Knew You\i (1989) and \IFrom the Change: Women, Ageing and the Menopause\i (1991). She lives in England and Italy.
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"Gregg, Sir Norman McAlister*",319,"0","g","0"
1892-1966)
\IOphthalmologist who discovered that rubella contracted during pregnancy can cause blindness, deafness and other congenital malformations in the child.\i
Born in Sydney, Gregg graduated in medicine from the University of Sydney in 1915. He specialised in ophthalmology and became president of the Ophthalmological Society of New South Wales in 1930. In 1941 he publicised his discovery of the link between German measles (rubella) and congenital defects. He helped to found the Children's Medical Research Foundation and was president of the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Sydney. He shared a Britannica Australia Award for medicine in 1964 for work in the field of unborn and premature infants.
In his student days Gregg was also an outstanding sportsman who represented Sydney University and New South Wales in cricket and tennis. He was knighted in 1953.
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"Gregory, Sir Augustus Charles",320,"0","g","0"
(1819-1905)
\ISurveyor and explorer in Western Australia, the Northern Territory and Queensland.\i
Born in England, Gregory arrived in Western Australia with his family in 1829; in 1841 he took up a post with the surveyor general's office. In 1848 he led an expedition along the Gascoyne River as far as Murchison and the commendation from this led to his being given command of an official expedition across Australia in 1855. This departed from the Victoria River in the Northern Territory and crossed eastwards over 8000 kilometers the Queensland coast at Port Curtis. Gregory received the Gold Medal of the Royal Geographical Society for this.
In 1858 he searched for Leichhardt in southern Queensland and followed the Barcoo River and Coopers Creek southwards, eventually reaching Adelaide. The success of his expeditions was largely due to his skilful organisation and care of equipment. He became surveyor general of the new colony of Queensland in 1859 and oversaw its rapid pastoral expansion. Gregory was elected president of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science in 1895 and was knighted in 1903.
His brother, Francis Thomas (1821-88), was involved in his early explorations in Western Australia and went on to explore the north west coast beyond the Gascoyne. He followed Augustus to Queensland in 1862 and became a commissioner of crown lands. The two collaborated on \IJournals of Australian Exploration\i (1884).
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"Greiner, Kathryn",321,"e\8\kgreiner.jpg","c","0"
More than just a "first lady", Kathryn Greiner was and is widely acclaimed for her active community interests, her media roles and her valued participation on many charitable and academic boards.
Kathryn Greiner has been an announcer on radio stations 2UE and 2BL, and in 1991 hosted a new TV series \IBricks and Mortar\i which screened nationally twice a week. Since 1992 she has been the 2UE Summer weekend host and was especially noted by the media and her peers for the major contribution she made during the 1994 bushfires keeping people immediately informed with the ever-changing disaster.
She is an active participant on many boards, including Save The Children Fund (NSW), Odyssey House McGrath Foundation, Festival of Sydney Committee, Sir David Martin Foundation, Australia Ireland Fund, Macquarie University Graduate School of Management Advisory Board, The Asia Society and Advisory Council of the Talent Development Project.
Sydney born Kathryn Greiner had an international education attending schools in London, Washington and Sydney. She graduated from the University of NSW with a Bachelor of Social Work, received a Certificate in Early Childhood Development from Macquarie University, and studied Early Childhood Education at Boise State College in Idaho, USA.
Before the development of her media work and her board and community roles, Kathryn worked mostly in the area of early childhood, including positions at the NSW Department of Health, the NSW Department of Youth and Community Services, the Institute for Human Resources, Boise, Idaho and working as a Community Program Officer.
During 1988-1992, Kathryn was Patron of the following organisations: Charity Awareness Week (NSW), Headway (NSW) Inc. Head Injury Association, Home Start - A Voluntary Home Visiting Scheme, Dial-a-Mum, Skin Bank Foundation, Sydney Children's Museum, 1991 World Netball Championships Ltd, Glen Innes Standing Stones, Hornsby Ku-ring-gai Development Disability Residential Services P & F Association, Ku-ring-gai Art Society and Friends of STARTTS.
She recognises the commitment made by these community groups, and continues to take an active interest in consumer and community issues.
Kathryn's bid to become Lord Mayor of Sydney in 1995 saw her Sydney Alliance party defeat her opponents on primary votes only then being narrowly defeated on preferences. She remains a strong force in Sydney politics, with a seat on the Sydney City Council.
\IThis information and photograph supplied courtesy of Harry M. Miller & Co. Management.\i
\BDescription:\b Kathryn Greiner \I(Harry M. Miller & Co. Management)\i
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"Greiner, Nick",322,0,g,0
(1947- )
Nick Greiner, Australian company director and former premier of New South Wales, was born Nicholas Frank Hugo Greiner in Budapest, Hungary on 27th April 1947. After being involved in the family's timber business for a number of years, he entered politics in the seat of Ku-ring-gai in 1980. He became premier of New South Wales in 1988 and on 19th June 1992, Greiner was found to have acted corruptly by the Independent Commission Against Corruption, headed by Mr Ian Temby.
The ICAC finding was related to offering former political ally and independent for Davidson, Terry Metherell, a $110,000 a year Government job, so as the Greiner Liberal Government could reclaim the seat. He subsequently resigned as premier on 24th June 1992 and was replaced by John Fahey. The finding was later rejected by the Supreme Court.
He married Kathryn Callaghan, daughter of Sir Beade Callaghan, on 1st August 1972; they have two children, Kara (1978) and Justin (1974). His wife Kathryn was appointed to the Elcom Electricity Board in 1990 amidst much controversy, which eventually saw her step down and then donate her fee to a single mothersÆ charity. She became the weekend summer relief announcer on radio 2UE and was later elected to the Sydney City Council. The Greiners announced their separation on 8th April 1995, when it was revealed that Nick had left the family home; however they re-united in 1996. He serves on a number of boards including Coles Myer, W.D. & H.O. Wills, Hunter Water Corporation, Yan Yean Water, Natwest Markets Australia, and Baulderstone Hornibrook.
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"Griffin, Walter Burley",323,0,g,0
(1876-1937)
Walter Burley Griffin, Australian and American architect, was born at Maywood, near Chicago on 24th November 1876. In 1899, he received his Bachelor of Science and Architecture and married Marion Mahoney in 1905. He went on to design some of Australia's greatest buildings, including the Incinerator Restaurant at Willoughby, and designed the city of Canberra, which was chosen from 137 designs.
After falling out with the government of the day over his plans for Canberra, he was dismissed from the project on 29th December 1920. He designed the town plan for Griffith and planned the Sydney suburb of Castlecrag, where he moved to in 1928. He died from peritonitis in India on 11th February 1937, after falling from scaffolding of a new library being built at Lucknow University; he was aged 60.
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"Griffith, Sir Samuel Walker",324,"e\8\griffith.jpg","c","0"
(1845-1920)
\IPremier of Queensland 1883-88, 1890-93 and first chief justice of the High Court of Australia 1903-19.\i
Born in Wales, Griffith migrated to Australia with his father, a Congregational minister, in 1854. He graduated from the University of Sydney and was called to the Queensland bar in 1867. He held various seats in the Queensland Legislative Assembly from 1872 and in 1883 became premier and colonial secretary on a platform of opposition to blackbirding (the use of kanaka labour).
He was knighted in 1886. In 1888 he was replaced but was again premier in a coalition ministry from 1890 to 1893. He represented Queensland at the Colonial Conference in London in 1887 and at the Federal Conference in 1890. In 1891 he became vice president (under Sir \JHenry Parkes\j) of the 1891 Convention and was one of the main drafters of Australia's Constitution Bill. When the High Court was established in 1903 he was the undisputed choice as chief justice and served in this role, applying impartial judicial standards, until his retirement in 1919.
\BDescription:\b Sir Samuel Walker Griffith \I(Jonathan King)\i
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"Groom, Ray",325,"0","g","0"
\i(1944- )\i
Ray Groom was Premier of Tasmania for the Liberal Party until March 1996, when he resigned after a State election left him to lead with a minority government.
Ray was born in Victoria and educated both there and Tasmania. He has a Bachelor of Laws degree from the University of Melbourne. He is married with six children.
Ministerial portfolios held: Federal Minister for Environment (1977-1980); Federal Minister for Housing and Community Development (1977-1980); Federal Minister for Housing and Conservation (1977-1980); Assistant Federal Minister for Employment and Industrial Relations (1977-1980); State Minister for Forests (1986-1989); State Minister for Mines (1986-1989); State Minister for Sea Fisheries (1986-1989); State Minister Assisting the Premier (1986-1989); State Minister for Multicultural Affairs (1987-1989); Deputy Premier (1988-1989) and State Minister for Energy (1988-1989).
Shadow portfolios held: Deputy Opposition Leader (1989-1991); Small Business (1989-February 1991); Shadow Attorney-General (1989-present) and Deregulation (1989-present).
\IThis information supplied courtesy of Librarian, Tasmanian Parliamentary Library, Parliament House, Hobart.\i
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"Gunn, Mrs Aeneas",326,"0","g","0"
(1870-1961)
\IAuthor noted for We of the Never Never (1908).\i
Born in Melbourne as Jeannie Taylor, she set up a private school in the suburb of Hawthorn. After her marriage to Aeneas Gunn in 1901 until his death in 1903, she lived at Elsey station on the Roper River in the Northern Territory, where her husband was manager. Back in Hawthorn she wrote of her experiences in \IThe Little Black Princess,\i published in London in 1905, and \IWe of the Never Never,\i published in Melbourne in 1908.
The first received little notice but the second became extremely popular, eventually selling over half a million copies. Both books were unusual for fiction at the time of their publication in that they included portrayals of Aborigines. Though based on good intentions, these portrayals are now seen as patronising in their depiction of Aborigines as lovably awkward and backward. A film version of \IWe of the Never Never\i was made in 1983.
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"Gunn, Sir William Archer",327,"0","g","0"
(1914- )
\IGrazier and company director, active in the Australian wool industry.\i
Born near Goondiwindi, Queensland, and educated in Sydney, Gunn was given control of one of his family's large Queensland sheep properties at the age of nineteen. He became active in graziers' associations and from 1947 served on various woolgrowers' representative bodies. He was chairman of the Australian Woolgrowers' Council 1955-58, of the Australian Wool Bureau 1958-63, of the International Wool Secretariat 1961-73, and of the Australian Wool Board 1963-72, during which time he brought in the reserve price plan for wool.
He has received several awards from the international wool community and is a director of several companies, including Rothmans of Pall Mall Australia Pty Ltd and of his own companies, Gunn Rural Manufacturing Pty Ltd and Gunn Developments Pty Ltd, which run beef properties in Queensland and the Northern Territory. He was knighted in 1961 and appointed AC in 1990.
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"Gutnick, Joseph",328,0,g,0
(1952- )
Joseph Gutnick, Australian mining industrialist, was born to Jewish parents in Bondi, Sydney on 8th June 1952. He started out in the textile industry and is now the chairman and managing director of a number of listed gold mining companies, including Great Central Mines, and Centaur Mining, with a personal wealth in 1996 exceeding $500 million. A resident of Perth, he came to the aid of the Melbourne Aussie Rules Football Club in 1996 when the club was planning to merge with Hawthorn. As a result, he became club president on 18th September 1996 and averted the merger.
#
"Haines, Janine",329,0,g,0
(1945- )
Janine Haines, Australian politician, former Senator and Leader of the Australian Democrats, was born in Tanunda, South Australia on 8th May 1945. She was the first woman to lead an Australian political party after she became leader of the Australian Democrats in 1986, following the resignation of Don Chipp.
She failed to gain the seat of Kingston in the House of Representative at the 1990 election, after stepping down from the Senate, which saw her retire from politics, aged 44. She married school teacher Ian on 13th May 1967, and has two daughters, Bronwyn (1969) and Melanie (1971). In 1992, she released a book about the first centenary of women in politics.
#
"Halfpenny, John",330,0,g,0
(1935- )
John Halfpenny, former Victorian Union executive, was born in the wheat town of Donald, Victoria on 7th April 1935. At aged 15 he moved to Melbourne and became a junior clerk in the railways. At 18 he became an apprentice fitter and turner and in his first year was named apprentice of the year. Regarded as a major player in left wing politics, he organised one of the largest demonstrations Melbourne has ever seen in 1992 with a protest march of over 100,000 people to demonstrate against the Jeff Kennett Government.
He became Victorian Trades Hall Secretary in 1987 after 15 years as state secretary of the Amalgamated Metal Workers Union, which became the Metal Workers Union. His staunch belief in the Communist Party deteriorated in 1978 when personal files on Soviet dissidents were taken from him by Soviet customs officials at Moscow airport. He finally resigned from the Communist Party in 1979.
He retired at an emotional press conference, stepping down the day before his 60th birthday in 1995. Married to his third wife Karen, they have a daughter Lucy (1992), with John having four children from his previous marriages to Kathleen and Margaret.
#
"Hall, Benjamin",331,"e\8\king0023.jpg","c","0"
(1837-65)
\IBushranger noted for his daring raids, particularly in the Goulburn area of New South Wales.\i
\JBen Hall\j was the child of convict parents, and became a stockman, leasing a run near Wheogo. He married the sister of \JFrank Gardiner\j's mistress. In April 1862 he was arrested for armed robbery but acquitted. Arrested again for participating in the Forbes gold escort robbery at Eugowra while in Gardiner's gang, he was not committed for trial. He returned to his ex-run, now owned by John Wilson in 1863, only to find it had been burnt down. Soon after he joined up with the remnants of Gardiner's gang and became leader, with John Gilbert as his lieutenant, as he had been for Gardiner. Hall designed ingenious plans for raids that often were intended as much to provoke the police as to steal.
His greatest successes were on the Sydney-to-Melbourne road south of Goulburn in 1864. Members of the gang shot a policeman while holding up the Gundagai-Yass mail coach in this year and shot another at Collector in 1865. A reward of 1,000 pounds was placed on Hall's head, and he was betrayed, ambushed and shot dead by police on the Lachlan Plain. One week later his deputy John Gilbert was shot dead. Some of the exploits of Hall and his companions are recreated in Rolf Boldrewood's \IRobbery Under Arms\i (1988) and he is the subject of many ballads. A popular television series, \IBen Hall,\i was produced by the ABC in 1975.
\BDescription:\b Ben Hall \I(Jonathan King)\i
#
"Hall, Peter",332,0,g,0
(1931-95)
Peter Hall, Australian architect, was born in Narrabri, western New South Wales in 1931. Winner of many architectural awards and a senior Government designer, he was commissioned by the New South Wales Government to take over the completion of the Sydney Opera House. It is claimed he left his own mark on the building with his glass walls and design of the Concert Hall and Opera Theatre, not consistent with Utzon's.
He also designed the new forecourt and concourse and the Circular Quay Bicentennial upgrade in 1988. He was a partner in the firm Hall Bowe and Webber and died prematurely from a stroke on 19th May 1995, aged 64. He was married twice and had five children.
#
"Hallstrom, Sir Edward John Lees",333,"0","g","0"
(1886-1970)
\IDirector of a pioneer refrigeration company and benefactor of Taronga Park Zoo, Sydney.\i
Born in Coonamble, New South Wales, Hallstrom left school at an early age and went to Sydney where he worked in a furniture factory. As a young man he set up his own plant to make ice chests and cabinets for refrigerators. He was also interested in the development of aviation and flew with George Taylor in his first non-powered flights in Sydney in 1909. In 1923 Hallstrom moved into making actual refrigeration units. His first model, completed in about 1924, was based on a heat exchange system installed in an ice chest. His work in producing increasingly sophisticated models made him a leader in the development of refrigeration in Australia. Having taken out a patent, he was able to take advantage of the great increase in refrigerator sales after World War II and his business boomed, with many Australian homes boasting one of his 'Silent Knight' refrigerators.
Hallstrom was a generous benefactor of medical research and in other areas, most notably Taronga Park Zoo in Sydney where he had been a regular visitor since childhood. He donated many animals and birds and was chairman of the Taronga Park Trust from 1947 to 1959 when he was made honorary life director. He was knighted in 1952.
#
"Hamer, Dick",334,0,g,0
(1916- )
Dick Hamer, Australian politician and former Victorian premier, was born Rupert James Hamer, in Kew, Victoria on 29th July 1916. He was the member for East Yarra from 1958, succeeding Henry Bolte as premier of Victoria from 1972 until he retired in 1981.
#
"Hancock, Langley George (Lang)",335,"0","g","0"
(1909-92)
\IMine owner and pastoralist, associated with mineral prospecting and development in Western Australia.\i
Lang Hancock was born and educated in Perth. Having managed a sheep station since 1927, he began mineral prospecting and established Australian Blue Asbestos Ltd in 1943. A pioneer of aerial prospecting, he first discovered iron ore in the Pilbara in north west Western Australia by accident in 1952 - an aircraft he was piloting was forced by stormy weather to detour and Hancock noticed veins of ore within a deep gorge. His subsequent explorations led to the discovery of huge iron ore deposits in the Pilbara in the period 1952-62 and at Paraburdoo in 1963. He set up a royalty agreement with Rio Tinto Mining and thus was responsible for establishing iron ore as a major industry in Australia. He also had interests in copper, superphosphate and bauxite.
The companies of which he was director included Hancock Prospecting Pty Ltd, Hancock Pilbara Pty Ltd and Hancock (Nickel) Pty Ltd. He established the magazine \INational Miner\i in 1974. In the late 1980s his personal wealth was estimated to be $60 million. Hancock was noted for right wing and racist statements, suggesting, for example, forced sterilisation for mixed blood people. He was also known as an anti-taxation spokesperson and at one time advocated secession for Western Australia.
#
"Hannan, Patrick (Paddy)",336,"0","g","0"
(1842-1925)
\IDiscoverer of gold at \JKalgoorlie\j, Western Australia.\i
\JPaddy Hannan\j was born in Ireland and after a poor childhood decided in 1863 to sail for the Australian goldfields. In 1866 or 1867, finding the \JBallarat\j goldfields exhausted, he joined the rush of diggers going to New Zealand. For six years he wandered the goldfields there, learning the skills of prospecting. Back in Australia, he went to Queensland, New South Wales, Tasmania and South Australia, making enough from prospecting to survive on but never making the fortune he hoped for and believed in.
From 1887 on, small amounts of gold were discovered in Western Australia and in 1892 a large reef was found at \JCoolgardie\j. Hannan joined the \JCoolgardie\j goldrush. In mid 1893 more gold was discovered at Mount Youle and the miners left \JCoolgardie\j for the new area. Hannan, with Irish born friends, followed behind the main group and on 10 June at the site now known as \JKalgoorlie\j they found gold. In a few days they picked up over 100 ounces of nuggets and, after Hannan applied for a reward claim, the \JKalgoorlie\j goldrush began.
Hannan made some money from his find but did not become extremely wealthy as most of the gold at \JKalgoorlie\j could only be got out of the ground by a syndicate with heavy machinery, not by small prospectors. However, he was honoured by the miners and settlers of the area as the symbol of the battler who eventually struck it rich. The main street, a club and the local beer were all named after him. Meanwhile Hannan drifted quietly away into the bush, prospecting in the local area. He was eventually given a pension by the Western Australian government and retired to Victoria, where he died.
#
"Hanson, Pauline",337,fair12.jpg,c,0
(1954- )
Pauline Hanson, controversial Australian Independent politician, was born Pauline Seccombe in Brisbane on 27th May 1954 to an Irish mother. The twice-married twice-divorced mother of four has two sons by her first husband (Polish migrant Walter Zagorski), Tony (1972) and Steven (1975). In 1980 she married plumber Mark Hanson and they have a son Adam (1981) and a daughter Lee (1984). She ran Marsden's fish and chip shop in Ipswich in partnership with Maurie Marsden from 1986; she bought it in 1987 and sold out in early 1997. During that time she served as a councillor on the Ipswich Council and was nominated as the Liberal candidate for Oxley in the 1996 Federal election.
She made her controversial maiden speech in Federal Parliament on 10th September 1996 in which she criticised Aborigines and the amount of welfare payments they received. It was one of the most controversial speeches ever made in Parliament because she called for a halt to Australia's Asian immigration numbers and criticised the Aboriginal community, saying they received too many handouts and that all Australians should be treated equally. The storm from her speech raged for months with the issues setting the political agenda. The main political leaders, Prime Minister John Howard and Opposition leader Kim Beazley, were forced to deflect much of the heat she created.
In mid-1997 Pauline Hanson formed her own political party, called One Nation.
\IRadical political writer and lecturer, noted for the novel Power Without Glory (1950).\i
Hardy was born in Southern Cross, Victoria, left school at an early age and worked in a number of labouring jobs. Affected by the sufferings brought to many by the Depression, he became a member of the Australian Communist Party in 1939. He was in the army from 1941 to 1946; during these years he worked on the army magazine, \ISalt,\i and began publishing short stories.
\IPower Without Glory\i (1950) was his first major work. This partly fictional account of \JJohn Wren\j, financier and gambler, led to his being charged with libel by Wren's wife. He was acquitted after a long trial. He described these events in the autobiographical \IThe Hard Way\i (1963).
Other works on a variety of political and social subjects include \IThe Yarns of Billy Borker\i (1965), a collection of short stories, \IThe Outcasts of Foolgarah\i (1971), and his most complex political work, \IBut the Dead are Many\i (1975), about a Marxist intellectual who commits suicide. \IPower Without Glory\i was made into a successful ABC television series in 1976.
#
"Hardy, James",339,0,g,0
(1932- )
Sir James Hardy, Australian winemaker and yachtsman, was born James Gilbert Hardy on 20th November 1932 near Adelaide, South Australia. He is the heir to Hardy's wines and was Captain of Sir Frank Packer's America's Cup challenges. He married his first wife Anne on 20th December 1956 and had two sons, David and Richard. Sir James divorced in 1988 and on 18th December 1991 married television hostess and singer Joan McInnes. He won a gold medal for yachting in the 1966 Olympics and was skipper for \IGretel 2\i in the Americas Cup challenges of 1970, 1974 and 1980. He is also the Managing Director of Hardy's wines.
#
"Hardy, Thomas",340,0,g,0
(1830-1912)
Thomas Hardy, wine-maker and known as 'Father of the Australian Wine Industry', was born in England on 12th January 1830. He had arrived from Britain in 1850, aged 20. Sir James Hardy is a grandson. Thomas Hardy died two days before his 82nd birthday at McLaren Vale in South Australia on 10th January 1912.
\IPioneer aeronautical engineer, explorer and astronomer.\i
Born in England, Hargrave migrated to Sydney in 1865 and became an engineering apprentice after failing to matriculate in law. From 1872 to 1877 he took part in a series of exploratory expeditions in New Guinea. From 1877 to 1883 he was an astronomical observer at Sydney Observatory. After this he concentrated on research into the principles of flight and other forms of transport.
His many inventions include flapping wing ornithopters, box kites, gliders, wave propelled vessels and a one-wheeled gyroscope car. In November 1894, at Stanwell Park, south of Sydney, he lifted himself four metres off the ground with four box kites. It is believed that with more support and perseverance he could well have been the first person to achieve powered flight. His research was used by many subsequent aviation pioneers.
\BDescription:\b Lawrence Hargrave \I(Jonathan King)\i
#
"Hargraves, Edward Hammond",342,"e\8\king0094.jpg","c","0"
(1816-91)
\IProspector whose publicising of the finding of gold in New South Wales in 1851 led to the gold rushes.\i
Born in England, Hargraves first came to Australia in 1832, following various occupations until leaving for the Californian goldfields in 1849. After limited success there he returned to New South Wales with the intent of finding gold in payable quantity.
Numerous small finds had already been made, leading to the offer of a government reward for a significant find. In February 1851 he washed a pan of gravel containing a very small quantity of gold at the junction of Summer Hill and Lewis Ponds creeks in an area near Bathurst which he called Ophir. He then trained his companions, John Lister and the three brothers William, James and Henry Tom, in panning techniques using a cradle which he had learnt in California. He himself returned to Sydney to publicise his find and, on hearing good news from Lister and the Toms, establish a claim.
It was in fact Lister, with William and James Tom, who found the first gold in payable quantity, also at Ophir, in April 1851. Hargraves' story had excited the already hopeful gold seekers in Bathurst and the first gold rush to Ophir resulted. Hargraves received a reward of ú500, followed by a further ú10,000, a life pension and a feted position in society, but he died in virtual poverty. By the time of his death it had been officially established that Lister and the Tom brothers were the first discoverers of payable gold in Australia.
\BDescription:\b Edward Hammond Hargraves \I(Jonathan King)\i
#
"Harnett, Sir Lawrence",343,0,g,0
(1898-1986)
Sir Lawrence Harnett, regarded as the father of Australia's Holden car, was born Lawrence John Harnett in Woking, England on 26th May 1898. He migrated to Australia during WWII and was director of the Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation at Fishermen's Bend in Victoria. In 1944, he was asked by Prime Minister Ben Chifley to develop an Australian-made car. However, he was forced to resign from General Motors Holden before the first FX model was produced in 1948. He died on 4th April 1986, aged 87.
#
"Harpur, Charles",344,"0","g","0"
(1813-68)
\IWriter usually considered Australia's first authentic poet.\i
Charles Harpur was born in Windsor, New South Wales, son of the local school teacher. He followed various occupations, including bush work, farming, sheep grazing and being a postal clerk and gold commissioner. His first volume of verse, \IThoughts, A Series of Sonnets,\i was published in 1845. It was followed by \IThe Bushranger: A Play in Five Acts, and Other Poems\i in 1853. Though the play was not of a high standard, this book contained some of Harpur's best poems.
Some further verse was published in pamphlet form. He also contributed articles to various newspapers, advocating egalitarianism and democracy and parodying snobbery, particularly that of W.C. Wentworth. A collected edition of his poems was published in 1883, well after his death; he continues to be represented in anthologies of Australian poetry, modern critical opinion recognising his intellectualism and command of technique.
#
"Harris, Maxwell Henley (Max)",345,"0","g","0"
(1921- )
\IPoet, editor and publisher; founder of Angry Penguins magazine.\i
Max Harris was born in Adelaide and worked as a journalist before gaining a degree in economics from the University of Adelaide. In 1941 he founded \IAngry Penguins,\i a journal which promoted the work of avant garde writers and artists. This journal, along with Harris and his editors, was ridiculed in 1944 when it fell prey to the 'Ern Malley hoax'. Poems concocted in the modernist style in one afternoon by the young poets James McAuley and Harold Stewart were forwarded under the name of Ern Malley, supposedly recently deceased.
The poems were published and praised until revealed as a hoax or, in the words of their authors, 'a serious literary experiment'. Harris stood by his judgment, meeting the revelation with the statement: 'The myth is often greater than its creators'. The discussion as to the literary merits of the poems was carried on in the international press. Harris continued on a successful literary career, being founder and co editor, with Geoffrey Dutton, of the literary journals \IAustralian Letters\i (1957-68) and \IAustralian Book Review\i (1961-74).
He was involved in the setting up of the Mary Martin bookshop chain and played a substantial role in the establishment of the Penguin paperback imprints in Australia. He has been a senior columnist with the \IAustralian\i newspaper since its founding in 1964, writing as a drama, art and literary critic.
#
"Harrison, James*",346,"0","g","0"
(1815-93)
\INewspaper owner, inventor and refrigeration pioneer.\i
Born in Scotland, Harrison trained as a printer in Glasgow and arrived in Sydney in 1837. He worked as a printer and newspaper editor in Sydney and Melbourne and by 1842 owned the weekly \IGeelong Advertiser.\i In 1852 he began experimenting with ice making, putting to use his observation that his printing press cooled very rapidly when it was washed down with ether. By 1857 his factory at Geelong was producing three tonnes of ice per day.
In 1859 he set up a large scale factory in Melbourne; however, the public preferred imported natural ice to Harrison's `artificial' ice and the enterprise was a commercial failure. Harrison returned to the newspaper business as editor of the \IAge.\i At the 1873 Melbourne Exhibition he won a gold medal for a consignment of foodstuffs which remained frozen for 97 days and was financed to ship 25 tonnes of frozen beef to London. Due to a series of mishaps, the meat spoiled in transit and Harrison was bankrupted. Harrison's ideas were later perfected by his former associate, \JEugene Nicolle\j.
#
"Hart, John",347,700059.jpg,g,0
(1809-73)
John Hart, former three-time premier of South Australia, was born in Devonshire, England in 1809, the son of a journalist and editor. At the age of 12, he went to sea as a cabin boy and sailed to San Domingo. In 1822, he was aboard the barque \ILouisa\i when it foundered on a voyage to Havana and he spent two days in an open boat before being rescued. He arrived in Tasmania in 1829 as second mate of the \IBritannia\i. He worked a number of sailing vessels between the mainland and Tasmania and eventually purchased a ship known as the \IIsabella.\i This was wrecked off the Victorian coast and he lost most of his life savings.
He settled in South Australia and in 1850 was elected to the State's Legislative Council. He built a magnificent home for his wife and seven children near Port Adelaide, named Glanville Hall after his mother. From 1865 to 1871 he served three terms as Premier of South Australia. He died on 28th January 1873 when he slipped over a table at a board meeting of the Mercantile Marine Insurance Company.
#
"Hart, Kevin Charles (Pro)",348,"e\9\700059.jpg","c","0"
(1928- )
\IPainter, inventor and gallery owner.\i
Born in \JBroken Hill\j, New South Wales, \JPro Hart\j studied art at the local technical college. He is a prolific artist, producing numerous small paintings in the naive, depictive style, mostly connected with the surroundings and history of \JBroken Hill\j. In 1973 he was one of six painters who joined together to form the group Brushmen of the Bush. Their work has been widely advertised and has achieved much popular success. Hart's work has been exhibited in Cairo and Tel Aviv.
His other work includes a giant steel ant sculpture mounted on a mine poppet head north of \JBroken Hill\j and the illustrations for several books. His work is represented in the Australian \JNational Gallery\j and the Australian \JWar Memorial\j, \JCanberra\j, the Art Gallery of South Australia, his own gallery in \JBroken Hill\j and the Adelaide University collection. His paintings have also been bought for the White House collection in the United States and for Prince Phillip's collection in Britain.
\BDescription:\b Pro Hart \I(Waltzing Matilda Enterprises)\i
#
"Hartnett, Sir Laurence John",349,"0","g","0"
(1898-1986)
\IEngineer and company director who was influential in bringing about the production of the first mass produced all Australian car, the Holden.\i
Born in England where he trained as an engineer, Hartnett came to Australia and became managing director of General Motors-Holden Ltd in 1934. His enthusiasm for the production of an Australian made car, which was shared by the Labor federal government under \JBen Chifley\j, eventually persuaded the General Motors parent company in the United States to grant the rights for production of a Holden car in Australia. The project gained support from two Australian banks as well as tax concessions from the federal government.
The new Holden went into production in 1948 but by this time Hartnett had resigned from General Motors to concentrate on the manufacture of his own small car, to be called the Hartnett. Owing mainly to the failure of the Commonwealth Engineering Co. to supply parts, this was never produced. Hartnett later won a lawsuit against the company. In the 1960s he attempted to organise the production of a Japanese-Australian car in Australia but this plan did not receive government support. In 1964 he published his autobiography, \IBig Wheels and Little Wheels,\i which was later revised and enlarged. He was knighted in 1967.
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"Hasluck, Sir Paul Meernaa Caedwalla",350,"0","g","0"
(1905-93)
\ILiberal politician and historian; governor-general of Australia 1969-74.\i
Born in Fremantle and educated in Perth, Hasluck became a journalist with the \IWest Australian\i and a history lecturer, before joining the Department of External Affairs in 1941. He was head of the Australian mission to the United Nations when he resigned in 1947. In 1949 he entered the House of Representatives as the Liberal member for Curtin, Western Australia. He was minister for territories 1951-63, minister for defence 1963-64 and minister for external affairs 1964-69. In 1968 he was defeated by \JJohn Gorton\j for the Liberal leadership and the prime ministership, in spite of having the support of the retired Sir \JRobert Menzies\j. In 1969 he left parliament and was appointed governor-general which office he filled until 1974. He was knighted in 1969.
His numerous publications include papers on historical and political subjects, two collections of verse, two volumes of autobiography, \IMucking About\i (1977) and \IDiplomatic Witness\i (1980), accounts of government policy on Aborigines, the administration of Papua New Guinea and two volumes of Australia's official World War II history.
#
"Hatton, John",351,0,g,0
(1933- )
John Hatton, former New South Wales Independent politician, was born John Edward Hatton on 29th May 1933. He represented the people of the New South Wales south coast for 22 years from 1973 until 1995, when he retired in favour of his son John junior. The Liberal Party blamed him for ending the career of Nick Greiner in June 1992 when he refused to back away from wanting the Premier to resign or face a no-confidence motion.
He was President of the Shoalhaven Council from 1969-73 and was the Jaycees most outstanding young man of the year in 1970. He was personally responsible for the 1996 Wood Royal Commission into police corruption and pedophilia.
#
"Haupt, Robert",352,0,g,0
(1947-96)
Robert Haupt, Australian newspaper journalist, was born near the Woods Point mining settlement in north eastern Victoria on 27th October 1947. He became the dux of Boronia High School, and started out as a journalist with the \IMelbourne Sun.\i After establishing himself, he was sent to Canberra to work under Laurie Oaks. He then transferred to the \IFinancial Review\i where he became bureau chief and was sent to Washington.
He also worked for the \IMelbourne Age, The Times on Sunday,\i and as a reporter for Channel 9's \ISunday Program.\i He worked for some time in Moscow and won the Graham Perkins journalist of the year award for his work in Russia. He died on 4th September 1996 in a New York restaurant, in which he was discussing releasing a book about Russia. He was aged 48. His book, \IRussia a Country Built On Sand,\i was released in early 1997. Regarded as one of the finest journalists of his generation, he is survived by his wife Joy and daughters Linda and Rachel.
#
"Hawke, Hazel",353,0,g,0
(1929- )
Hazel Hawke, ex-wife of former Australian prime minister Bob Hawke, was born Hazel Masterson in Perth on 20th July 1929. She married Bob Hawke on 3rd March 1956 and they have one son (Stephen) and two daughters (Susan and Roslyn). She served on a number of committees as Australia's first lady from 1981 until 1991, and in 1992 released her story in the book \IMy Life.\i In 1994 she released the book \IA Little Bit of Magic.\i She played the piano at two performances of Mozart's Triple Concerto with the Sydney Symphony Orchestra and underwent surgery for breast cancer in 1992. On 29th November 1994, Bob and Hazel Hawke announced that they were separating after 38 years of marriage.
#
"Hawke, Robert James Lee (Bob)",354,"e\9\rjhawke.jpg","c","0"
(1929- )
\ILabor politician who was prime minister of Australia 1983-91.\i
Born in Bordertown, South Australia, Hawke graduated in law and economics from the University of Western Australia and was that state's Rhodes scholar in 1952. In 1955 he graduated Bachelor of Letters from Oxford. Back in Australia he joined the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU) in 1958, working first as a researcher, then as union advocate before the Arbitration Commission.
In 1970 he became president of the ACTU and for the next ten years was the most prominent figure in the trade union movement, with a reputation as a hard negotiator and an effective settler of disputes. He was also president of the Australian Labor Party from 1973 to 1978. Hawke entered federal parliament in 1980 as the Labor member for Wills in Victoria, having resigned from the ACTU. Highly articulate and obviously ambitious, he was the centre of much speculation as to his leadership aspirations.
He finally made a successful bid for the Labor leadership in February 1983, replacing \JBill Hayden\j (the same day Prime Minister \JMalcolm Fraser\j called an early election, hoping to benefit from the Labor leadership struggle). However, with the economy in recession and unemployment over 10 per cent, the electors voted Labor in and Hawke became prime minister. His government was returned at elections in 1984, 1987 and 1990. He thus became the first Australian Labor prime minister to be elected for a third (and a fourth) term and the longest serving Labor prime minister.
Hawke's prime ministership was marked by caution and an astute political pragmatism, as well as a 'matey' style that won him wide popularity with the public. Economic reform was at the top of his program and he attempted to build strong links with both the union movement and big business through a series of Prices and Incomes Accords. 'National consensus' was a phrase much heard in the early days of his government.
Some restructuring of Australia's industrial base and tax system was achieved, in large part due to the efforts of treasurer \JPaul Keating\j and other senior ministers. Together with cuts in wages and public spending, these seemed to have brought a measure of economic recovery before the recession of the late 1980s/early 1990s struck. On the other hand, Hawke was increasingly criticised by the left wing of his own party and by many Labor supporters for turning from traditional Labor values and being too eager to woo business magnates to support the American alliance and to adopt conservative policies, such as supporting uranium mining.
In 1991 Hawke's popularity was seen to be waning and in mid-year he was challenged for the Labor leadership by \JPaul Keating\j, who claimed that Hawke had reneged on a secret agreement made with him about the transfer of the leadership before the 1990 election. Hawke won the ballot but in December 1991, after he appeared to waver in the face of a well received policy package published by the Opposition, he was forced to call a leadership vote and was narrowly defeated by Keating. He resigned from parliament in early 1992. In 1995 he married his biographer, Blanche d'Alpuget, after divorcing his former wife, Hazel.
\BDescription:\b Bob Hawke \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
#
"Hawker, Harry George",355,"0","g","0"
(1889-1921)
\IPioneer aviator who was the first Australian airman to achieve international fame.\i
Born in Moorabbin, Victoria, Hawker worked his way to London as a youth to learn flying. In 1911 he joined the Sopwith Aviation Company and became their chief flying instructor; he was their chief test pilot from 1913 to 1920. He made a number of speed and altitude records and in 1914 returned to Australia to demonstrate the new Sopwith Tabloid biplane, carrying joyriders for ú20 a flight.
He made headlines by landing on the lawn of Government House in Melbourne to keep an appointment with the governor-general. In 1919, with K. Mackenzie Grieve, he made the first attempt to cross the Atlantic. Leaving Newfoundland in a specially built Sopwith, the Atlantic, they were forced by gales to ditch into the sea after about 1,600 kilometres. They were both awarded the British Air Force Cross. Hawker also contributed to aeroplane design and two new Sopwith planes, the Wallaby and the Antelope, were developed with his help from the Atlantic model. He was killed in 1921 while practising for an aerial derby at Hendon, England.
#
"Hayden, William George (Bill)",356,"e\9\jat95082.jpg","c","0"
(1933- )
\ILabor politician who was leader of the federal opposition 1978-83 and was governor-general of Australia from 1989-1996.\i
Born and educated in Brisbane, Bill Hayden became a police officer and later graduated in economics. He was elected to the House of Representatives in 1961 as the Labor member for Oxley, Queensland, and during the Whitlam government was minister for social security 1972-75, overseeing the introduction of Medibank, and was treasurer in 1975.
Following the change of government in 1975 Hayden was shadow minister for defence until 1978 when he became Labor leader following Whitlam's resignation. He withstood a leadership challenge from \JBob Hawke\j in 1982 but in 1983, on the eve of the announcement of an election, he resigned as leader and was replaced by Hawke. Following Labor's electoral victory, he was minister for foreign affairs 1983-89. In 1989 he accepted the appointment as governor-general, a move some saw as inconsistent with his previously stated republican beliefs. In February 1996, Sir William Deane became the newest governor-general of Australia.
\BDescription:\b William Hayden \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
#
"Henderson, Brian",357,"0","g","0"
(1931- )
\ITelevision compere and news announcer.\i
Brian Henderson was born on 15th September, 1931.
Gold Logie winner Brian Henderson has one of the most recognisable faces on Australian television and year after year, public opinion polls voted him Australia's most credible person.
Since the start of television in Australia, Brian Henderson has been synonymous with the news. When the news breaks, people turn to "Hendo".
He has presented Channel Nine's main evening news bulletin for the past 25 years.
New Zealand-born, Henderson contracted tuberculosis while attending Waitaki Boys High, a boarding school on New Zealand's South Island. He spent the following three years convalescing at a sanitarium where he began a career as resident disc jockey.
At the age of 16, he joined 4ZB in Dunedin and had the distinction of being the youngest radio announcer in New Zealand.
From there he moved to Wellington and then on to Australia where in 1953 he landed a job at 2CH in Sydney.
In 1956, shortly after television was launched in Australia, Brian was hired by Channel Nine and the following year he began reading weekend news bulletins.
In November 1958, he began his marathon 14-year stint as host of \IBandstand,\i a pop music program which featured local and overseas artists and was seen on 28 stations across the country.
When newsreader Chuck Faulkner left Channel Nine in 1964, Brian replaced him at the evening news desk and has been hosting Nine's news ever since.
After more than 25 years at the helm, Brian has helped make the \INational Nine News\i the most successful news program in Australian television history.
In the past 10 or so years, \INational Nine News\i has convincingly taken out all but one year of surveys. Often achieving an audience share greater than the other two commercial stations combined, the \INational Nine News\i is regularly one of the nation's Top 10 programs.
\IThis information and photograph supplied courtesy of TCN Channel Nine Pty Ltd.\i
\BDescription:\b Brian Henderson \I(TCN Channel Nine Pty Ltd)\i
#
"Henning, Rachel Biddulph",358,"0","g","0"
(1826-1914)
\IPioneer settler whose letters provide a record of the lives of squatters in New South Wales and Queensland in the second half of the nineteenth century.\i
\JRachel Henning\j was born in England. In 1854 she joined her brother Biddulph in Australia but returned to England after a few years because of homesickness. In 1861 she came back to Australia and with her sister Annie joined her brother who had a run in Queensland in the South Kennedy district west of Rockhampton. This time she adjusted better to the Australian conditions though always maintaining a hesitation about what she saw as a colonial lack of refinement.
She married one of the overseers on her brother's property in 1866 and they settled in several areas of New South Wales, eventually near \JWollongong\j. When her husband became ill they moved to Ryde in Sydney; after his death she and a sister shared a house at Hunters Hill where she died at the age of 88.
Her letters from 1853 to 1882, written before leaving England and after settling in Australia, mainly to her sisters Etty in England and Amy in Australia, have survived. They were published in the \IBulletin\i in 1951-52 and collected in book form in 1969. They provide a sensitive account of the life of settlers in Australia at the time.
Though mainly about rural life, they also include descriptions of Sydney and its surroundings; for example, in June 1873 she visited her sister Annie's home at Ashfield: '. . . though it is so near Sydney it is as much in the country as we are. There are fields all round, or, as we call them here, "paddocks"'.
#
"Henty, Edward",359,"e\9\edwhenty.jpg","c","0"
(1810-78)
\IPioneer who was the first European to settle permanently in Victoria.\i
Born in England, \JEdward Henty\j emigrated to Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania) with his parents, sister and some of his brothers in 1832. They were a farming family suffering from the recession that affected England after the Napoleonic Wars. They decided that their capital of ú10,000 would probably go further among a family of seven sons and one daughter in Australia and had hopes of being placed 'in the first Rank in Society'. They arrived just too late to receive a free land grant in Van Diemen's Land. Edward's parents, Thomas and Elizabeth, bought land at \JLaunceston\j and settled there, becoming successful sheep breeders.
Edward and his brothers, keen for new opportunity, were excited by news of what was later named Port Phillip and decided to try their luck on the mainland. Edward sailed in 1834 and squatted on land at Portland Bay. Joined by his brothers Stephen, John and Francis, he explored inland. By 1842 the brothers had settled and established sheep runs on about 43,000 hectares near the Wannon River. Edward was a member of the Legislative Assembly from 1856 to 1861. He died in Melbourne.
\BDescription:\b Edward Henty \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
\INovelist noted for Capricornia (1938) and Poor Fellow My Country (1975).\i
Born in Port Hedland, Western Australia, Xavier Herbert was educated in Fremantle, Perth and Melbourne, where he graduated in pharmacy from the University of Melbourne. He gave up a career in this area to write and to travel in northern Australia where he worked as a stockman, miner, pearl diver, railway worker and superintendent of Aborigines.
He served with the AIF in World War II and afterwards settled near Cairns in Queensland. His first novel, \ICapricornia\i (1938), won the Australian Literary Society Gold Medal. After two other novels, \IPoor Fellow My Country\i (1975) met much critical praise and won the \JMiles Franklin\j Award. This novel outdid \ICapricornia\i in length, being the longest novel published in Australia. Both novels deal with his own and Aboriginal responses to the land of Australia, particularly Queensland and the Northern Territory. He also wrote articles, short stories and an autobiography, \IDisturbing Elements\i (1963).
\IArtist noted particularly for his Sydney urban scenes.\i
Born in Switzerland, Sali Herman studied in Paris and in 1918 held his first exhibition in Zurich. In 1923 he began dealing in art and began the extensive travels which brought him in 1937 to Sydney, where he settled. He was an official war artist for the last year of World War II. He is best known for his Sydney streetscapes such as \IPotts Point\i (1957) in which, under a milky sky, a woman feeds cats beside bleached terrace houses on the harbour's edge. Herman won the Wynne and Sulman Prizes several times and is represented in all major Australian galleries.
#
"Hewitt, Sir (Cyrus) Lennox Simpson",362,"0","g","0"
(1917- )
\IGovernment administrator and company director, whose chairmanships have included that of Qantas.\i
Born in Melbourne, Lennox Hewitt graduated in commerce from the University of Melbourne. He served as an economist with the Commonwealth Department of Post War Reconstruction 1946-49, was head of the Department of the Environment, Aborigines and the Arts 1971-72 and of the Department of Minerals and Energy 1972-75. He was deputy chairman of the Australian Atomic Energy Commission 1975-78 and chairman of Qantas 1975-80, having been a director since 1973.
From 1985 to 1988 he was chairman of the State Rail Authority of New South Wales. His company directorships have included Short Bros (Aust) Pty Ltd and Industrial and Pastoral Holdings Ltd since 1984, Midland Airways (Aust.) Ltd since 1985 and Fortis Pacific Aviation Ltd since 1987. Knighted in 1971, he is regarded by business commentators as one of the 'mandarins', one of the old guard of government bureaucrats.
#
"Hewson, John Robert",363,"0","g","0"
(1946- )
\ILiberal politician who was party leader and leader of the federal opposition from 1990 to 1994.\i
Born in Sydney, \JJohn Hewson\j was educated there and at universities in Canada and the United States. He became a lecturer in economics and was professor of economics at the University of New South Wales 1978-87. He was also consultant and adviser to several federal treasurers and a newspaper columnist on economics. In 1987 he entered the House of Representatives as the Liberal member for Wentworth in New South Wales.
He was shadow minister for finance 1988-89 and shadow treasurer 1989-90. After the Liberals' loss of the 1990 election, he replaced Andrew Peacock as leader of the opposition. An economic rationalist, he believes in the free play of market forces, smaller government and flatter tax scales and has taken his party further to the right with such policies. In 1991 his rating with the electorate appeared to rise after the publication of a policy package which included the introduction of a goods and services tax.
In May 1996, John Hewson was elected chairman of the board of Churchill Resources new subsidiary, Churchill Funds Management and in February 1997 he was elected chairman of the soccer team Sydney United.
#
"Heysen, Sir Hans",364,"0","g","0"
(1877-1968)
\IPainter of Australian watercolour landscapes; known especially for his gum trees.\i
Hans Heysen was born in Germany, arriving in Australia with his family at the age of six to settle in Adelaide. He drew and painted from childhood, and was still a teenager when he sold his first painting of note, \IThe Wet Road.\i He received his early training at the Norwood Art School and the Adelaide School of Design under H.P. Gill; in 1899, funded by a group of Adelaide businessmen, he travelled to Europe to study in Paris. He returned to Adelaide in 1903 and set up a drawing and painting school, eventually settling at Hahndorf in the Mount Lofty Ranges.
From there he portrayed the Australian landscape through rural scenes and atmospheric eucalypt forests. He painted mainly watercolours, but is also known for his delicate charcoal and pastel drawings. He won the the first of his nine Wynne Prize awards in 1904 with \IMystic Morn,\i and held his first big exhibition in 1908. He was very popular in the 1920s and 1930s, with sales of his work at a 1927 Sydney exhibition setting a record for Australia. His work hangs in all Australian state galleries and is represented in the print collection in the British Museum. He was knighted in 1950.
Heysen's daughter Nora Heysen (1911-) was the only one of his eight children to paint. Noted for flower paintings and portraits, she won the Archibald Prize for portraiture in 1938 and was an official war artist from 1943 to 1946.
#
"Higgins, Henry Bournes",365,"0","g","0"
(1851-1929)
\IPolitician and judge who, as president of the Commonwealth Arbitration Court, brought down the Harvester Judgment of 1907, which established a basic wage.\i
Born in Ireland, Higgins migrated to Victoria with his family in 1870 and graduated in law from the University of Melbourne. He was a member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly from 1894. Known for his dissident views, he lost his seat in 1900 because of his condemnation of the Boer War, but in 1901 was elected to the first federal parliament. In 1904 he was appointed attorney general in the Watson government, though not a member of the Labor Party, and in 1906 was made a justice of the High Court. In 1907 he became president of the Commonwealth Arbitration Court and in this position determined the early guidelines for federal arbitration, entrenching industrial arbitration as part of the Australian system.
His most famous judgment was in the Harvester case in 1907 when H.V. McKay, manufacturer of Sunshine harvesters, applied to have his wage rate determined 'fair and reasonable'. The judgment led to the establishment of the principle of a basic wage that would support an unskilled worker with a family in minimum comfort - in Higgins' words, what needed to be considered were 'the normal needs of the average employee regarded as a human being living in a civilised community'. He resigned from the Arbitration Court in 1921 when he disagreed with Prime Minister Hughes' industrial policy but, known widely as 'a friend of labour', remained on the bench of the High Court.
#
"Hill, Ernestine",366,"0","g","0"
(1899-1972)
\IJournalist and author noted for My Love Must Wait (1941).\i
Ernestine Hill was born near Rockhampton, Queensland. A writer of poetry from a young age, she turned to prose works on Australian themes after spending many years travelling the outback alone, taking with her only the basics of life and a typewriter. Her travelling began in earnest after the death of her husband in 1933. Her works include \IThe Great Australian Loneliness\i (1937), \IMy Love Must Wait\i (1941), \IAustralia, Land of Contrasts\i (1943), \IFlying Doctor Calling\i (1947) and \IThe Territory\i (1951). She is best known for \IMy Love Must Wait,\i a novel based on the life of navigator and explorer \JMatthew Flinders\j. However, a recent resurgence of interest in her other works, notably \IThe Territory,\i has seen several of them republished. She also contributed to many magazines and journals, especially \IWalkabout.\i
#
"Hill, Lance",367,"0","g","0"
(1903-86)
\IInventor and manufacturer of the rotary clothes hoist.\i
Born in Adelaide, Hill became a motor mechanic. In 1945 he assembled his first rotary clothes hoist, which was operated by a crown wheel and pinion, and started manufacturing them at the family home. His was not the first rotary hoist design, however. In 1924 Melbourne blacksmith Gilbert Toyne had patented but never manufactured the first rotary clothes hoist in the world. Hill's firm grew rapidly, despite initial difficulties due to postwar shortages of materials, and was listed as a public company in 1955. By then the firm had acquired a galvanising firm, a tubing manufacturing business and a plating and polishing shop. Hill's company expanded its range of tubular steel products to include swings, folding chairs and television antennae and by the 1970s Hills Industries was a transnational company.
#
"Hinch, Derryn",368,0,g,0
(1944- )
Derryn Hinch, Australian journalist and controversial broadcaster, was born at New Plymouth, New Zealand to working-class parents on 9th February 1944. He started out as a journalist with the \IChristchurch Star\i after putting his age up four years. He worked as American correspondent for the Fairfax newspaper empire for 10 years and returned to Australia in the early 70s as editor of the \ISydney Sun.\i He later launched the ill-fated magazine \IFocus,\i and turned up in Melbourne on radio 3XY.
He later joined 3AW where he held top rating until he left in 1987. He has been married three times: first to former editor of the \IWomen's Weekly\i magazine, Lana Wells; his second wife Eve was American; and his third wife, Australian actress Jacki Weaver. However in January 1996, he announced that he and Jackie had separated. In 1987 he was ordered to do 250 hours community service by a Victorian judge after being found guilty of contempt of court.
He hosted the \IHinch\i TV show on the Seven Network from 1988 to 1991, doing 1010 shows until November 1991, when he moved to the Ten Network until December 1993. In 1994, Hinch replaced Ray Martin as host of the Nine Network's \IMidday Show.\i In January 1996 he was hired to do the morning show on Sydney's radio 2GB and quit at the end of the year. In 1997 he worked for a month in Adelaide and a month on the Gold Coast.
#
"Hines, Colin Sir",369,0,g,0
(1919-92)
Sir Colin Hines, former outspoken New South Wales State President of the Australian Returned Services League (RSL) from 1971-90, was born Colin Joseph Hines in Bathurst, New South Wales on 16th February 1919. He married his wife Jean Wilson on 7th March 1942, served in the Royal Australian Army in New Guinea during WWII, and remained involved with the RSL after he was demobbed. He died at the Orange Base Hospital on 29th December 1992, aged 73.
#
"Hines, Deni",370,"0","g","0"
Deni Hines is the daughter of former queen of pop \JMarcia Hines\j. Deni started her singing career with the band the Rockmelons and starred in the huge theatre production of \IJesus Christ Superstar,\i just as her mother did in the 1970s.
Deni's debut single \IIt's Alright\i went platinum and in September 1996 she won an ARIA for best debut single. Her debut album \IImagination\i was recorded in London and while over there she was asked to become singer for the British band Brand New Heavies, but she declined. Deni was also offered modelling contracts with three agencies while overseas.
Deni was briefly married to \JINXS\j member Kirk Pengilly but they have separated.
#
"Hines, Marcia",371,"e\9\mhines.jpg","c","0"
(1953- )
\IPop and rock singer who was voted Australia's `Queen of Pop' three times.\i
Marcia Hines was born in the United States where she sang in church choirs as a child and later in black rhythm and blues groups. In 1970 she arrived in Australia, having auditioned successfully with \JHarry M. Miller\j for a chorus part in the musical \IHair.\i Within a few years she was selected by Miller for the part of Mary Magdalene in \IJesus Christ Superstar.\i
In 1975 she made her recording debut with a cover version of James Taylor's 'Fire and Rain', which became Single of the Year. Over the next four years she produced five albums, all with large sales in Australia and in the United States. The second of these, \IShining\i (1976), went gold within one month and reached No. 4 in Australia. Her single 'You', from the album \ILadies and Gentlemen . . . Marcia Hines\i (1977), became No. 1 in Australia.
In 1976, 1977 and 1978 she was voted \ITV Week\i Queen of Pop and during 1978-79 had her own show, \IMarcia Hines Music,\i on ABC television. After the albums \ITake it From the Boys\i and a collection of her greatest hits, both released in 1982, she encountered contractual problems that hindered her recording career. In 1984 she toured Australia and Asia with a revival of \IJesus Christ Superstar\i and appeared in the musical \IJerry's Girls\i in 1987 and in its 1991 return season.
In 1994 Marcia made a comeback by releasing a new album which unfortunately did not match her earlier success. She was also married around the same time.
"Hinkler, Herbert John Louis (Bert)",372,"e\9\hinkler.jpg","c","0"
(1892-1933)
\IAviation pioneer who broke the record for the England-Australia flight in 1928.\i
Born in Bundaberg, Queensland, Hinkler devoted himself to learning about flying as a youth and in 1913 worked his passage to England where he eventually joined the Royal Flying Corps. A very experienced pilot by 1928, he was determined to beat the record set by Ross and Keith Smith of 28 days from England to Australia. Hinkler set off from London on 7 February in an Avro Avian biplane, a tiny single seater. He arrived in Darwin on 22 February, sixteen days later, thus achieving the longest solo flight up to that time.
Awards and honours included being made an honorary squadron leader of the Royal Australian Air Force. Public enthusiasm was unbounded and a new word temporarily entered the language - 'hinkle', meaning to move fast. In 1931 he made the first west-east crossing of the South Atlantic and the first trans-Atlantic flight in a light plane when he flew from Brazil to West Africa in a Puss Moth. Hinkler died in 1933 when his plane crashed in Italy while he was attempting to beat C.W.A. Scott's new England-Australia record.
\BDescription:\b Bert Hinkler \I(Jonathan King)\i
#
"Hinze, Russ",373,0,g,0
(1919-91)
Russ Hinze, former Queensland National Party politician, was born Russell James Hinze at Oxenford, Queensland on 20th June 1919. He left school at the age of 12 and helped his father work a dairy farm and milk run on the Coomera River. His first public office was as Chairman of Selectors of the South Coast Co-operative Dairy Association and then an alderman with the Gold Coast City Council. He entered State politics in May 1966 and rose to the position of Deputy Premier and Minister for Racing.
He married his first wife Ruth Blyth in 1947 and they had six children, three sons and three daughters, with their marriage ending in divorce in 1981. In June of 1981, he married his former electoral secretary Miss Faye McQuillan. He had a free rein in Queensland until Joh Bjelke Petersen stepped aside and new Premier Mike A'hern failed to include Hinze in his cabinet. He resigned from politics in June 1988, after being suspended from parliament pending the outcome of the Fitzgerald inquiry, which accused him of attending a Brisbane massage parlour and receiving $520,000 in bribes, but died before facing any charges.
At his peak, Hinze weighed in at well over 22 stone and because of his size was one of Australia's most recognisable politicians. He died at Southport's Allamanda Private Hospital on 29th June 1991, aged 72, on the 10th wedding anniversary to his wife Faye.
#
"Hoadley, Abel",374,0,g,0
(1844-1918)
Abel Hoadley, Australian confectionery manufacturer, was born on 10th September 1844. He established his business in Melbourne and developed the Violet Crumble bar and Polly Waffle, unique to Australia. He later sold out to the British company Rowntrees, who were eventually taken over by Nestle. He died in 1918, aged 74.
#
"Hockey, Patrick",375,0,g,0
(1948-92)
Patrick Hockey, Australian artist, raconteur, and humanitarian, was born on his family's Abercron property in Queensland in 1948. He worked on the family property as a jackeroo until he was 24. Hockey became one of Australia's most important decorative painters with some of his his work owned by Kerry Packer and the late Diana, Princess of Wales. He died in London from AIDS on 1st July 1992, aged 43. He was survived by his second wife Margaret, whom he married in September 1983.
#
"Hogben, Brian",376,0,g,0
(1925-90)
Brian Hogben, Australian journalist and Group General Manager of News Limited editorial staff, was born on 30th November 1925. He started as a copyboy at Sydney's \IDaily Mirror\i two months before Ezra Norton launched the paper on 12th May 1941. Amongst his great scoops, he and a group of others were dubbed the "Unbeatables" when they consistently beat others to scoops, including the kidnapping of eight-year-old Graham Thorne on 7th July 1960. He died from cancer on 19th April 1990, aged 64.
#
"Holden, Sir Edward Wheewall",377,0,g,0
(1885-1947)
Sir Edward Wheewall Holden, Australian automobile pioneer of the Holden car, was born in Adelaide on 14th August 1885. He joined his father's coach building firm in 1917 and guided the expansion of Australia's largest car body building company. In 1931, after negotiating a merger deal with General Motors Australia, the first Australian car was named after him and the first Holden car came off the assembly line in 1948. He died in Adelaide on 17th June 1947, aged 62.
#
"Holden, Frankie J.",378,"e\9\fjhold.jpg","c","0"
Frankie J. Holden was born in 1952, the same year as the FJ Holden was first manufactured. During the course of his career, he has become as much of an icon in the Australian entertainment business as his namesake is in the automotive industry.
After an unsatisfying stint as an accountant, Frankie followed a burning ambition and formed a band "OL 55" of which he was the lead singer. The seventies rockers are one of the five most successful Australian recording acts of all time and who produced a triple platinum debut album and a string of chart hit singles which set Frankie firmly on the path to stardom.
Frankie first got the acting bug when he was in "OL 55" but it was not until he left the band that he got his big break. Frankie has proven to be a highly versatile performer, equally comfortable and capable with drama or comedy, as well as a competent producer. His exceptional skills as a character actor have made it possible for him to work across media. Such as Frankie's standing within the Australian Film industry that he has three times hosted the AFI Awards 1991, 92 and 93.
He has appeared in the following films: \IThe Odd Angry Shot, The Journalist, Chain Reaction, High Tide, Evil Angels, Return Home, The Big Steal, Proof, Hammers over the Anvil, Ebb Tide\i and \IFortunes of War.\i
\I(Text and photograph supplied courtesy of Cameron's Management Pty Ltd)\i
\BDescription:\b Frankie J. Holden \I(Cameron's Management Pty Ltd)\i
#
"Holgate, Harry",379,0,g,0
(1933-97)
Harry Holgate, former Tasmanian premier, was born Harold Norman Holgate in Maitland, New South Wales on 5th December 1933. He was a journalist with the \ISydney Morning Herald\i from 1952-55, and the \IMelbourne Herald\i from 1955 until 1962, before moving to Tasmania to join the \ILaunceston Examiner\i in 1963. In 1970 he worked as executive producer of the Tasmanian edition of \IThis Day Tonight\i, and joined the Labor Party in 1972.
He served as Labor Premier of Tasmania from 11th November 1981 until 26th May 1982. He married Rosalind Wesley on 3rd March 1963 and had four children, Phoebe, Ben, Duncan and Kate. He died in Launceston from a heart attack on 16th March 1997, aged 63.
#
"Hollingworth, Peter",380,0,g,0
(1935- )
Archbishop Peter Hollingworth, Archbishop of Brisbane, was born in Adelaide on 10th April 1935. In June 1990, he came into public conflict with the then prime minister, Bob Hawke, with statements regarding living conditions for his parishioners and Australians in general. Hawke accused him of making "an untrue, unchristian bloody statement", and Hollingworth replied that the prime minister was not in touch with ordinary people.
The Archbishop has been involved with the Brotherhood of St. Laurence since 1966 and is a constant champion for the poor and underprivileged. He was the 1991 Australian of the Year.
#
"Hollows, Frederick Cossom",381,"e\9\fhollows.jpg","c","0"
(1930-93)
\IOphthalmologist noted for his contribution to the prevention and treatment of blindness amongst the Aboriginal people of outback Australia and in Eritrea.\i
Fred Hollows was born in New Zealand and qualified in medicine there and in England. Soon after arriving in Sydney in 1965 he became involved in the Aboriginal struggle for land rights and better health. In 1971 he was a founding director of the first Aboriginal Medical Centre in Redfern, Sydney. He pioneered the identification and treatment of trachoma amongst Aboriginal people and in 1976 established the National Trachoma and Eye Health Program which has provided treatment and rehabilitation services to Aboriginal people in more than 450 remote locations.
Hollows also established blindness prevention programs in Asia, Africa and South America and made several trips to Eritrea to train barefoot doctors to perform simple eye surgery and help establish a factory to manufacture plastic intra-ocular lenses. In 1990 he was named Australian Outstanding Achiever, Australian of the Year and was awarded the Human Rights Medal. He died of cancer.
\BDescription:\b Fred Hollows \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
#
"Holmes a Court Family",382,"0","g","0"
\ICompany directors and financiers.\i
(Michael) Robert Hamilton Holmes α Court (1937-90) was born and educated in Perth and trained as a lawyer. Family wealth aided his first move into the world of finance in 1970 when he gained control of Western Australian Worsted and Woollen Mills Ltd. He went on to own, at the height of his success, 44.6 per cent of his Bell Group Ltd, which was said to be worth $650 million. One of the `takeover kings' of the 1980s, Holmes α Court bought substantial parcels of shares in companies such as Asarco (USA), David Syme, Elders IXL, the \IHerald and Weekly Times\i and BHP.
He is reported to have envisaged the last as 'a subsidiary of Bell'. He suffered in the stockmarket crash of 1987 and in mid-1988 sold most of his shares in the Bell Group, aborting a planned takeover of the John Fairfax Group. However, in the late 1980s, shortly before his sudden death, he was estimated to be worth $300 million. He had put together a valuable art collection and was successfully involved in horse breeding and racing.
His widow, Janet Lee Holmes α Court, took over control of his business interests after his death and is director of Heytesbury Holdings Ltd, making her one of the most powerful businesswomen in Australia. Also born in Perth, she graduated in science from the University of Western Australia. As well as her business activities, she plays an active part in community affairs. She has been chairperson of the board of the Australian Children's Television Foundation since 1986. Her other positions include chairperson of the board of the King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women and pro-chancellor of the University of Western Australia.
In May 1996, Janel Holmes α Court became the first Australian to receive the British Business Woman of the Year award.
#
"Holt, Harold Edward",383,"0","g","0"
(1908-67)
\ILiberal politician who was prime minister of Australia 1966-67.\i
Holt was born in Sydney and educated in Melbourne where he practised as a solicitor. A member of the Young Nationalists' Association and a protΘgΘ of \JRobert Menzies\j, he entered the federal parliament in 1935. In 1949 he became minister for labour and national service in Menzies' first postwar government and by 1958 was treasurer and deputy leader of the Liberal Party. Groomed by Menzies for the leadership, Holt succeeded him unopposed on his retirement in 1966 but soon ran into problems caused by increasing public criticism of Australia's involvement in the Vietnam War, to which he had committed more troops, and disagreements within the coalition over currency and trade problems. How Holt would have handled all this is unknown, as on 17 December 1967 he was drowned while swimming in rough surf at Portsea on the Mornington Peninsula, Victoria.
\IGoldminer on whose claim the largest single specimen of reef gold then known was discovered; he later sponsored one of the most important collections of early photography in Australia.\i
\JHoltermann\j was born in Germany, worked as a clerk in his family's merchant business and came to Australia in 1858 to escape military conscription and to join his brother. He worked on a schooner cruising the Pacific and then in 1861 met a gold prospector, Louis Beyers, who persuaded him to join him in gold mining at the Hill End district, near Bathurst, New South Wales. For the next ten years their earnings from the 'Star of Hope' mine were modest and in 1871 they were forced to sell shares in the mine.
One of the new shareholders, Mark Hammond, though opposed by the others, decided to try digging a new shaft to the west rather than continue digging deeper. Hammond soon struck a rich vein of gold and sold his share for a large profit. The publicity enabled \JHoltermann\j and Beyer to float the Star of Hope Gold Mining Company in 1872 and expand the operation with the input of capital that resulted. At the end of the year the claim yielded what was at that time the world's largest single specimen of reef gold - 145 cm high, 65 cm wide and weighing 300 kilograms - which became known as the \JHoltermann\j Nugget.
Little more was extracted from the mine but \JHoltermann\j had become wealthy enough to build a Sydney mansion and pursue his interest in photography which had been aroused by his meeting Beaufoy Merlin who toured the goldfields in 1872. Together they devised the project of taking a large series of photos of central New South Wales to be exhibited overseas. The work was completed by Merlin's assistant, Charles Bayliss, after the latter's death in 1873. Bayliss and \JHoltermann\j also collaborated on another experimental venture. Importing a giant lens from Europe, \JHoltermann\j had the world's largest camera constructed in the tower of his North Sydney house.
Using the cumbersome wet plate method, they took panoramic views of Sydney. \JHoltermann\j took the exhibition overseas from 1876 to 1878, showing it in the United States and Europe where it won several awards. It was also shown in the Sydney International Exhibition of 1879. \JHoltermann\j was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1882 until his death. His photographic collection is deemed one of the most important ever assembled in Australia and is now housed in the State Library of New South Wales.
Hector Holthouse, prolific Australian historian, was born Hector LeGay Holthouse on the family farm in Queensland's Darling Downs on 15th April 1915. He trained as a sugar chemist and worked in the North Queensland sugar mills. After WWII, he joined the \IBrisbane Telegraph\i and rose to the position of Chief Supreme Court reporter and a lecturer at the University of Queensland. His first and best known book published in 1969 was \IRiver of Gold\i, the story of the Palmer River gold rush, as well as the popular \IÆSpose I Die\i. He died at his home on Bribie Island in Queensland on 25th November 1991, aged 76.
#
"Hooker, L.J.",386,0,g,0
(1903-76)
L. J. Hooker, Australian real estate developer, was born Leslie Joseph Tingyou in Sydney's western suburbs on 17th August 1903. He was orphaned at 12 and brought up by his cousin, Sylvia Pemberton, before he changed his name by deed pole to Hooker in 1925. He went to Canterbury and Beecroft public schools and left when he was 13 to sell newspapers and later became an office boy. He ran away to sea when he was 20 and became assistant purser on the SS \IMataram.\i
He opened his first real estate agency in Maroubra on 20th September 1928. He married Manly girl Madeleine Price on 23rd June 1934 and had three children David, Ross and Annette. On 1st July 1947, L.J. Hooker Limited was posted on the Sydney stock exchange and the company expanded interstate and overseas. He was knighted in 1973 and died in April 1976 in his Sydney offices while hosting a fundraising function for the deaf. He was aged 73.
#
"Hope, Alec Derwent",387,"0","g","0"
(1907- )
\IPoet and critic noted for his classical style.\i
A.D. Hope was born in Cooma, New South Wales, and educated at Bathurst, Sydney and Oxford. He became a teacher and lecturer, then professor of English at the Australian National University (1951-68) since when he has been emeritus professor. His volumes of poetry include \IThe Wandering Islands\i (1955), \IPoems\i (1960), \IDunciad Minor\i (1970) and \IThe Age of Reason\i (1985). Collected essays and literary criticism include \IThe Cave and the Spring\i (1965), \IA Midsummer's Night Dream\i (1970), \IJudith Wright\i (1975) and \IThe Pack of Autolycus\i (1978).
Many of Hope's poems, traditional in style and using a wide range of literary and mythological allusions, are concerned with the visionary, near sacred role of the poet. His many awards include the Britannica Australia Award for literature (1965), the Myer Award for Australian literature (1967), the Ingram Merrill Award for literature (New York, 1969) and the Robert Frost Award for poetry (1976). He was appointed a Companion of the Order of Australia in 1981.
#
"Hopetoun, John",388,0,g,0
(1860-1952)
John Hopetoun, Australia's first governor, was born Victor Alexander John Hope Linlithgow, Earl of Hopetoun, on 24th September 1860 at Abercorn, West Lothian, Scotland. The British statesman was the longest serving Viceroy of India from 1936 until 1943, and he suppressed opposition to British presence there during World War II. He succeeded to the marquisate in 1908. He died at Abercom, Scotland on 5th January 1952, aged 91.
#
"Hopkins, Livingston (Hop)",389,"0","g","0"
(1846-1927)
\ICartoonist, watercolourist and etcher who worked on the Sydney Bulletin.\i
Born in the United States, Hopkins fought in the Civil War and became an illustrator of books and magazines, notably the \IDaily Graphic\i in New York. In 1883 he came to Sydney, having been engaged by W. H. Traill to join the staff of the \IBulletin.\i Appearing under the pseudonym 'Hop', his cartoons became famous throughout Australia. He was also a noted etcher and watercolourist, and was influential in the art life of Sydney, starting an artists' camp at Balmoral with \JJulian Ashton\j. A collection of his cartoons, \IOn the Hop,\i was published in 1904. Prints and drawings by him are held by most of the state art galleries in Australia.
#
"Horden, Anthony",390,0,g,0
(1819-76)
Anthony Hordern, Australian merchant and drapery retailer, was born in London on 16th July 1819. He emigrated to Australia with his family in 1825 and later went into business with his brother, Lebbeus, with a store at Brickfield Hill in Sydney. The store later moved to the Haymarket and became a huge department store at the corner of Goulburn and George streets, where it stood until demolished in 1988.
The Hordern Pavilion at Sydney Showground was donated from family funds. His sons, Anthony and Samuel, joined the business in the 1860s and the name changed to Anthony Hordern & Sons. Hordern died at the family home, "Retford Hall" at Darling Point, on 21st August 1876, aged 57.
#
"Horne, Donald Richmond",391,"0","g","0"
(1921- )
\IAcademic, arts administrator and writer noted for works of social and political analysis.\i
Born in Sydney, Donald Horne studied at the University of Sydney and \JCanberra\j University College. After war service he became a reporter, then feature writer with the \ISydney Daily Telegraph\i and also worked as a journalist in England. Returning to Australia, he became editor of the \IBulletin\i 1961-62 and again 1967-72. He undertook research in political science at the University of New South Wales, being appointed associate professor of political science at that university in 1981 and professor in 1984. Since 1987 he has been emeritus professor. He became chairperson of the Australia Council in 1985. In 1982 he was appointed Officer of the Order of Australia.
His best known work and his first published book is \IThe Lucky Country\i (1964), its title having since become part of the Australian language, often without reference to its original ironical use. In it he stated: 'Australia is a lucky country run mainly by second rate people who share its luck'. This indicates the main tenet of the book, which is that Australia is a derivative society with material wealth, the pursuit of which is a main objective of its members.
Other works analysing Australian society include \IThe Next Australia\i (1970) and \IThe Australian People\i (1972). After the dismissal of the Whitlam Labor government in 1975, Horne published \IThe Death of the Lucky Country\i (1976) and since that time has been a leading member of the Australian republican movement. Other political books include \ITime of Hope\i (1980). His autobiography, \IThe Education of Young Donald,\i was published in 1967.
#
"Hotham, Sir Charles",392,0,g,0
(1806-55)
Sir Charles Hotham, former Governor of Victoria, was born on 14th January 1806. He became Governor of Victoria on 22nd June 1854 but died 18 months later on 31st of 1855, aged only 49. He was responsible for enforcing the payment of gold prospecting licences, which was the main cause for the Eureka Stockade rebellion.
#
"Hovell, William Hinton",393,"0","g","0"
(1786-1875)
\IExplorer who made an overland journey to Port Phillip with \JHamilton Hume\j.\i
Born in England, \JHovell\j went to sea as a boy and became master of a trading vessel. He decided to migrate to New South Wales and reached the colony in 1813. After some years in command of trading ships along the coast and to New Zealand, he settled on a grant of land near Narellan, New South Wales. In 1824-25 he accompanied \JHamilton Hume\j on an overland journey of exploration from the Goulburn district of New South Wales to Corio Bay in Port Phillip. This expedition led to the discovery of the Murray River and the pastoral expansion of the colony. There was initial confusion as to where they had terminated their journey, the site having been first identified as Westernport.
This was clarified by an investigation carried out by \JHovell\j in 1826. He later settled permanently near Goulburn, New South Wales. In 1853, during a visit to Port Phillip, he made a speech which was reported in such a way that Hume assumed \JHovell\j was claiming all the credit for their 1824 expedition. A controversy arose and \JHovell\j gave his point of view in \IReply to 'A Brief Statement of Facts'\i (1855). \JHovell\j's journal, along with Hume's, was used by William Bland to compile his \IJourney of Discovery to Port Phillip, New South Wales: By Messrs W.H. \JHovell\j and \JHamilton Hume\j: in 1824 and 1825\i (1831).
#
"Howard, Janet",394,0,g,0
(1944- )
Janet Howard, wife of Australian Liberal Party Leader John Howard, was born Janette Parker on 11th August 1944 in country New South Wales, the daughter of a public servant. She started out as a school teacher and married her husband on 4th April 1971. Her husband John became Australia's 25th Prime Minister when he defeated Paul Keating in a landslide 44-seat majority on 2nd March 1996. They have three children: Melanie (1975), Timothy (1978) and Richard (1981).
#
"Howard, John Winston",395,"e\9\jonhow.jpg","c","0"
(1936-)
John Howard was born on 26 July 1939 in New South Wales. He is one of the best known political figures in Australia and has represented the Sydney seat of Bennelong in the national Parliament since 1974.
He was Treasurer for over five years during the term of the Fraser Government, having previously served in that Government as Minister for Business and Consumer Affairs and Minister for Special Trade Negotiations.
As Minister for Business and Consumer Affairs, he re-wrote the Trade Practices Act including the introduction of Section 45(D) which prohibited secondary boycotts on businesses by trade unions. During his time as Treasurer he was responsible for many initiatives including the establishment of the Campbell Committee whose recommendations to deregulate Australia's financial system he began implementing before the change of government in March 1983.
Howard was elected Deputy Leader of the Liberal Party in April 1982 and became its Leader in September 1985. He held this latter position until May 1989.
During John Howard's time as both Deputy Leader and Leader, the Liberal Party decisively embraced economic policies based on smaller government, market forces and less regulation. He has been a leading advocate of industrial relations reform for many years and was Shadow Minister for Industrial Relations from 1990 until 1995.
Howard was re-elected Leader in January 1995 and became Prime Minister in March 1996, defeating \JPaul Keating\j.
\IInformation supplied courtesy of the Press Office of the Prime Minister-elect, Parliament House, Canberra.\i
\BDescription:\b John Howard \I(Member for Bennelong office)\i
#
"Howe, George",396,"0","g","0"
(1769-1821)
\IPioneer editor and printer in Australia, whose sons were also pioneer publishers.\i
Born in St Kitts in the West Indies, where his father was a printer, George Howe worked in printing houses in England before being transported for robbery. He arrived in New South Wales in 1800 and was soon after appointed government printer. In 1802 the first book printed in Australia was issued - \INew South Wales General Standing Orders.\i The next year the colony's first newspaper, the \ISydney Gazette,\i appeared, printed and edited by Howe. Though the paper was owned by Howe, it was produced with government machinery and was in effect an official government organ and censored as such. After his full pardon in 1806, Howe continued to produce the newspaper as a commercial enterprise, supporting this by the publication of a series of almanacs and other works. In 1811, when almost forced by financial troubles to suspend publication of the \IGazette,\i he was given an annual allowance by \JGovernor Macquarie\j to allow him to continue.
His eldest son, Robert Howe (1795-1829), who had been born in London and accompanied his father to Australia, took over from him as government printer in 1821. He continued the publication of the \IGazette\i and published the first magazine of the colony, the \IAustralian Magazine, or Compendium of Religious, Literary, and Miscellaneous Intelligence\i and several other works, such as hymn books. When the first issue of another newspaper, the \IAustralian,\i was published privately in 1824, Howe argued for and was granted the same freedom from censorship.
After his death by drowning in Port Jackson, his widow, Ann, carried on the publication of the newspaper. Robert Howe had also supported his half brother, George Terry Howe (1806-63), in founding in 1825 the first \JLaunceston\j newspaper, the \ITasmanian and Port Dalrymple Advertiser.\i George Howe went on to publish several other Tasmanian newspapers.
#
"Howe, John Robert (Jacky)",397,"0","g","0"
(1855-1922)
\IChampion shearer whose record has never been beaten by a hand shearer.\i
Jacky Howe was born in Warwick, Queensland, the son of a circus acrobat, and was an accomplished athlete in his youth. He worked the central Queensland sheds in the 1880s and 1890s, setting many shearing records. His shearing of 321 sheep in a standard working day using hand shears stood as a record until 1950 and then was only beaten by a machine shearer. The sleeveless blue singlet worn by outback workers is known in Queensland as a 'Jacky Howe'.
#
"Hudson, Sir William",398,0,g,0
(1896-1978)
Sir William Hudson, engineer and administrator, was born in Nelson, New Zealand, on 27th April 1896. After serving in the New Zealand Army during WWI, he worked in Australia for many years. Hudson was Commissioner in Charge of the Snowy Mountains Hydro Electricity Authority from its establishment in 1949 until its completion in 1967. He presided over a construction program involving 16 dams and 145 kilometres of tunnels. Knighted in 1955, he died in Canberra on 12th September 1978, aged 82.
#
"Hughes, Robert Studley Forrest",399,"e\9\rhughes.jpg","c","0"
(1938- )
\IWriter and art critic who has become an international media commentator on art.\i
Born in Sydney, Hughes studied art and architecture at the University of Sydney and then abandoned a career as an artist in favour of writing about art. He was art critic and editor of the \ISydney Observer\i (1958-59) and of \INation\i (1960-64). He moved to Europe in 1964 and since 1970 has been senior art critic for \ITime\i magazine, based in New York. He is also a highly regarded newspaper and television commentator.
His art publications include \IThe Art of Australia\i (1966), \IHeaven and Hell in Western Art\i (1968) and \IThe Shock of the New\i (1980, updated edition 1991), a guide to twentieth century art, based on his BBC television series of the same name. In 1987 he published \IThe Fatal Shore,\i a history of the transportation of convicts to Australia, the title coming from the words of a convict ballad.
\BDescription:\b Robert Hughes \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
#
"Hughes, William Morris (Billy)",400,"0","g","0"
(1862-1952)
\ILabor and Nationalist politician who was prime minister of Australia 1915-23; known as the 'Little Digger'.\i
Born in England, Hughes was a school teacher in London before migrating to Australia in 1884. He worked in various rural jobs and then settled in Sydney in 1886. He opened a bookshop in the suburb of Balmain, where local wharf labourers invited him to become secretary of their union. He later formed the Wharf Labourers' Union. From this base he joined the Labour Leagues and entered the New South Wales parliament in 1894. Elected to the first House of Representatives in 1901, he was minister for foreign affairs in the Watson government of 1904 and in 1910 became attorney general and deputy leader to \JAndrew Fisher.\j In 1915 he replaced Fisher as Labor leader and prime minister.
Hughes was determined to increase Australia's World War I effort and decided to make up declining enlistment numbers by military conscription. This move caused a split in the Labor Party and in a referendum in 1916 the public vote was against conscription. Hughes left the Labor Party, formed the National Labor Party and continued to govern with the support of \JJoseph Cook\j's conservative opposition. In 1917 these two groups joined to form the Nationalist Party.
He resigned after the defeat of a second conscription referendum later in 1917 but was recommissioned, remaining prime minister at the head of various Nationalist governments until 1922, when he was pressured by the Country Party, which held the balance of power, to resign in favour of \JStanley Bruce.\j In 1918 he had played a major part at the Imperial Conference in London, obtaining many of his demands, including an Australian mandate over German New Guinea. On his return to Australia he was popularly acclaimed as the 'Little Digger'. Hughes remained a combative member of the federal parliament until his death in 1952.
#
"Hume, Hamilton",401,"e\9\hume.jpg","c","0"
(1797-1873)
\IExplorer who made an overland journey to Port Phillip with William \JHovell\j.\i
Hume was born at Parramatta, New South Wales, the son of a superintendent of convicts. As a youth he took part in several exploratory trips - to the south west of Sydney, in the country around Marulan and to the Goulburn plains. As a reward he was granted land near Appin by \JGovernor Macquarie\j. In 1821 he discovered the Yass plains and in 1824 squatted on land at Yass. The same year, with the support of Governor Brisbane, he and William \JHovell\j set out from his property on a journey of exploration with the aim of reaching the southern coast.
They crossed the Murrumbidgee River, the Murray (which they named the Hume), and several of the Murray's tributaries. They reached the coast at Corio Bay, at first identified as Westernport Bay. In 1828 Hume accompanied \JCharles Sturt\j on an expedition that discovered the Darling River. After this he retired from exploration and settled on the Yass plains, where he was granted 500 hectares and where he later became a magistrate.
In 1853 Hume began a public controversy with \JHovell\j when the latter made a speech that appeared to claim that he was leader of the 1824 expedition, of which, in fact, Hume was officially recognised as leader. There was also a dispute as to whether both men had made the mistake of thinking they had reached Westernport Bay. In 1855 Hume published \IA Brief Statement of Facts in Connection with an Overland Expedition from Lake George to Port Phillip in 1824,\i which was answered in print by \JHovell\j. His journal was used, with \JHovell\j's, by William Bland to compile \IJourney of Discovery to Port Phillip, New South Wales: By Messrs W.H. \JHovell\j and \JHamilton Hume\j: in 1824 and 1825\i (1831).
\BDescription:\b Hamilton Hume \I(Gum Tree Graphics)\i
#
"Hunter, John",402,0,g,0
(1737-1821)
John Hunter, New South Wales second Governor, was born in Scotland on 29th August 1737. He Captained the \ISirius\i on the First Fleet voyage. He explored Sydney Harbour, circumnavigated the world, and was later marooned on Norfolk Island for almost a year. He was appointed Governor of New South Wales in 1795. A long time friend of botanist Sir Joseph Banks, he did much to encourage the study of Australian flora and fauna, in particular the koala and wombat. He was recalled to England in 1800. He died in London on 13th March 1821, aged 83.
#
"Hurley, Francis James (Frank)",403,"0","g","0"
(1885-1962)
\IPhotographer and film maker; official photographer to the AIF in World War I.\i
Hurley was born in Sydney and began his career as a professional photographer in 1909. He became the most famous Australian photographer of his day after accompanying Sir Ernest Shackleton on his ill-fated 1914 expedition to the Antarctic on the \IEndurance.\i The ship became trapped in ice and the members of the party were marooned on the ice fields for nearly two years, during which time Hurley took a memorable series of photographs.
This led to his appointment as official photographer to the AIF in 1917. His major work as a war photographer was the recording of the Third Battle of Ypres. He also photographed the Australian Light Horse in Palestine. He believed in technical and compositional excellence and for this reason reconstructed some of the scenes in his photographs. Many of them were produced using an early colour process - it is believed that his are the only colour photographs of World War I in existence.
After the war he turned to film, producing numerous documentaries, which range in subject matter from \IWith the Headhunters of Unknown Papua\i (1923) to \ISiege of Tobruk\i (1941). He wrote, directed, entrepreneured and filmed two feature movies, \IHound of the Deep\i and \IThe Jungle Girl\i (both 1926). He was cameraman on other Australian movies, including \IThe Squatter's Daughter\i (1933), and photographed the famous cavalry charge in Charles Chauvel's 1941 film, \IForty Thousand Horsemen.\i
In World War II Hurley was head of the Department of Information's photography unit in the Middle East 1940-43 and director of British Army Feature and Propaganda Films 1943-46. He photographed the North Africa campaigns, including Tobruk and El Alamein, but he found the war more difficult to cover than World War I. Many of his methods were seen as outdated by the new generation of photojournalists covering the war, such as Damien Parer. He returned to Australia in 1946 and worked as a professional photographer for the rest of his life, producing many popular photographic books and calendars, including \IAustralian Wildflowers\i (1955).
#
"Hutton, Deborah",404,"e\9\debhutt.jpg","c","0"
Deborah Hutton first appeared on the cover of \ICosmopolitan,\i aged 16. Since then, Deborah has become one of the most recognisable and best known personalities of modern Australia.
Deborah was born in England but moved to Australia when still very young. She and her mother travelled extensively from Queensland to New Guinea finally settling in Sydney.
Her modelling career, begun while still at school, led to top international contracts in Germany, Italy, and New York, where she worked with world famous models such as Christie Brinkley, until her retirement nine years ago.
For more than 10 years Deborah has represented the Myer Grace Bros Department store group as their national ambassador and spokesperson and hosts a variety of corporate functions, VIP nights and seminars.
She was the television presenter for the Fashion Industry Awards in 1988, and co-host with Michael Parkinson of the Bicentennial Wool Collection which was telecast from Sydney Opera House to a worldwide audience in January 1988. Deborah was the highest placed woman ever in the Adelaide Celebrity Grand Prix. Deborah was the popular co-host of \ISuperquiz \i with Mike Walsh on Channel Ten, and presenter of the State's biggest game, Lotto on Channel Nine.
In 1993 she was the link-host on the "Visions" supermodel parade for Channel 9 and presenter of all the Claudia Schiffer and Linda Evangelista events around Australia.
In June of 1994, Deborah was approached by the Channel Nine Network and asked to present the new series of \ILooking Good.\i The eight episodes aired from July to September and, with two million people tuning in, it often nationally won its time slot. Deborah hosted \ILooking Good\i again in 1995.
Deborah has recently taken on the role of Beauty Editor for the Australian \IWomen's Weekly\i and is excited at the prospect of creating health and beauty pages for both men and women.
\IThis information and photograph supplied courtesy of Harry M. Miller & Co. Management.\i
\BDescription:\b Deborah Hutton \I(Harry M. Miller & Co. Management)\i
#
"Idriess, Ion Llewellyn",405,"0","g","0"
(1889-1979)
\INovelist noted for his narratives of the Australian outback.\i
Born in Sydney and educated there and at \JBroken Hill\j, Ion Idriess became an opal miner at \JLightning Ridge\j. He served with the AIF in World War I and was at Gallipoli. Both before and after the war he travelled widely in inland and northern Australia, New Guinea and the Pacific, using these experiences as background for the settings of his writings. His occupations while on these travels included surveyor and crocodile hunter.
His many books, most factual but imaginatively recreated accounts of real events and people, include \ILasseter's Last Ride\i (1931), \IFlynn of the Inland\i (1932), \IThe Cattle King\i (1936), \IThe Great Trek\i (1940) and \IThe Silver City\i (1956). With approximately one book per year published between 1931 and 1964, he became one of the best known and most popular writers of his day.
#
"Ireland, David",406,"e\9\direland.jpg","c","0"
(1927- )
\INovelist whose works include An Unknown Industrial Prisoner (1971) and A Woman of the Future (1979).\i
Born in Sydney, Ireland left school early and worked in a variety of labouring jobs, writing verse and some drama in his spare time. His first published novel was \IThe Chantic Bird\i (1968), which won the Adelaide Advertiser Award. Since then he has won a number of fellowships which have allowed him to write mostly full-time.
He became the first writer to win the \JMiles Franklin\j Award three times with \IAn Unknown Industrial Prisoner\i (1971), in which he used his experience of working in an oil refinery, \IThe Glass Canoe\i (1976), his most humorous work, and \IA Woman of the Future\i (1979), a mainly surrealist allegory. He has since published \ICity of Women\i (1981) and \IBloodfather\i (1987).
Ireland's novels are original, though he acknowledges a debt to Laurence Sterne, and non realistic in their representation of the alienness of the human environment and the futility of modern industrialised life. He was appointed AO in 1981.
\BDescription:\b David Ireland \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
#
"Isaacs, Sir Isaac Alfred",407,"e\9\isaac.jpg","c","0"
(1855-1948)
\ILawyer and Protectionist politician who was the first native born governor-general of Australia 1931-36.\i
Born and educated in Melbourne, \JIsaac Isaacs\j graduated in law from the University of Melbourne, was called to the bar, and became a QC in 1889. From 1892 to 1901 he was a member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly, becoming solicitor-general, then attorney-general. After Federation, of which he was a strong advocate, he was elected to the House of Representatives as the Protectionist member for Indi, Victoria, and was attorney-general 1905-06.
In 1906 he left parliament for the bench of the High Court of Australia. In his long term at the High Court he was noted for the recognition he gave to social considerations and for his support for the expansion of Commonwealth power. He was knighted in 1928 and became chief justice in 1930. The next year, on the recommendation of Prime Minister Scullin and in spite of the opposition of King George V, he was appointed governor-general, the first Australian born person to hold the office. He retired in 1936.
\BDescription:\b Sir Isaac Isaacs \I(Jonathan King)\i
\IPaediatrician and author of many books on child rearing.\i
Born in Brisbane, Isbister graduated in medicine from the University of Sydney and completed training in paediatrics in London. Her newspaper articles, magazine columns and popular books on the health and welfare of infants and young children found a wide audience in Australia. Her books include \IMummy I Feel Sick\i (1969), \IBirth, Infancy and Childhood\i (1969) and \IBirth of a Family\i (1976). Dr Isbister also lectured to medical students at the University of Sydney, at the Kindergarten Training College and was health convenor of the National Council of Women.
#
"Jacka, Albert",409,0,g,0
(1893-1932)
Albert Jacka, VC Australia's first VC winner, was born on his parents' dairy farm near Geelong in Victoria on 10th January 1893. He was a Lance Corporal when he became Australia's first Victoria Cross winner at Gallipoli on 19th May 1915. He won the VC when he shot and bayoneted five Turks and killed another two with his rifle butt, after four of his comrades were killed just after dawn. It was a day of massive attacks which saw 10,000 Turks killed compared to the loss of a few hundred Australians. Jacka was later hailed as Australia's greatest hero of WWI.
While in France he was awarded the Military Cross at Pozieres in 1916 in what was described in war journals as "the most dramatic and effective act of individual audacity in the history of the AIF". He later became a Captain, and after the war was Lord Mayor of St. Kilda, while working in his own electrical import business. In January 1921, he married a typist from his office and settled in St. Kilda. He died at the Caulfield Repatriation Hospital on 17th January 1932, aged only 39, suffering from the effects of gas during the war. In November 1996, his personal war diary written in pencil was auctioned by Sotheby's for $17,825 and detailed the events of 19th May, 1915.
#
"Jackey Jackey (Galmahra)",410,"0","g","0"
(?-1854)
\IAborigine who survived \JEdmund Kennedy\j's expedition to the Cape York Peninsula.\i
Jackey Jackey, whose Aboriginal name was Galmahra, accompanied explorer \JEdmund Kennedy\j on his expedition from Rockingham Bay through the Gulf country to Cape York. He alone went on with Kennedy in a attempt to reach the Cape after other members of the party had been left behind at a camp. When Kennedy was speared by Aborigines, Jackey Jackey looked after him until his death and then found his way to the coast, where he attracted the attention of the waiting boat and was saved.
His first hand account of the final part of the expedition and his moving description of Kennedy's death is recorded in \INarrative of an Expedition, Undertaken under the Direction of the Late Mr Assistant Surveyor E.B. Kennedy\i (1849), written by William Carron, one of the two survivors of the expedition's base camp. Jackey Jackey's loyalty was never substantially rewarded and he burned to death in a campfire a few years later.
#
"Jackson, Rex",411,0,g,0
(1925- )
Rex Jackson, Australian politician and former New South Wales Corrective Services minister, was born in 1925. He was the State ALP for Bulli from 1955-71, and from 1977 member for the seat of Heathcote. He was minister of Corrective Services from 1981-84, minister for Roads from 1983-84, and minister for Youth and Corrective Services from 1976-81. He married Irene Sydney on 5th November 1949.
On 2nd September 1987, he was sentenced to seven and a half years jail, with a non-parole period of three years and nine months. The sentence was increased to ten years when he appealed against its severity. He was found guilty of accepting bribes for the early release of prisoners. He spent much of his jail term at Berrima in New South Wales and was released on 9th November 1990.
#
"James, Francis",412,0,g,0
(1918-92)
Francis James, eccentric and rebellious Australian religious journalist who published \IThe Anglican\i newspaper, was born Alfred Francis Phillip James in Queenstown, Tasmania on 21st April 1918, one of three sons of an Anglican priest. He served in the RAAF in 1936 as its youngest ever cadet, but left a year later after a disagreement with seniors. He then took up teaching at Killara prep school but in 1939, at the outbreak of WWII, went to England and enlisted in the RAF and became a transport pilot, and then fighter pilot. In April 1942 he was badly burnt and taken prisoner after being shot down over France.
After 20 months as a POW, he was repatriated to England; it was never determined whether it was because of his poor health or the fact that he exhausted the Germans patience with his five attempts to escape. In 1952 he bought a failed newspaper, called it \IThe Anglican,\i and saw the circulation rise from 1,700 to 90,000. James enraged former Prime Minister Sir Robert Menzies by announcing that Australian forces were being sent to Vietnam in 1966, and then travelled to Hanoi to report on the war.
He disappeared inside China in 1969 after writing an article claiming he had visited the Lop Nor Nuclear power station. He was released from communist China on 16th January 1973 and crossed the border into Hong Kong. More than 10 years later, the Chinese admitted there had never been any charges against him and invited him back to receive an apology. Married to Joyce, the couple had two daughters, Katherine and Christine, and two sons, Alfred and Stephen. He died in Sydney on 24th August 1992, aged 74.
#
"Jardine Family",413,"0","g","0"
\IPioneer family in northern Queensland.\i
John Jardine (1807-74) was born in Scotland and migrated to Australia in 1839, arriving in 1840. Having been a police magistrate at Rockhampton, Queensland, he was in 1863 appointed superintendent of Somerset, a new settlement being established at the north of Cape York. He travelled to the settlement by sea and his two Sydney-born sons, Francis Lascelles (Frank) (1841-1919) and Alexander William (1843-1920), travelled overland with 42 horses and 250 head of cattle.
Their hazardous trek along an unmapped route took ten months and they arrived in March 1865. With the remnants of their stock they were able to set up a station near Somerset. They were both elected Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society, London, and awarded the Society's Murchison grant.
John Jardine returned to his position in Rockhampton in 1865. Frank spent the rest of his life as a pastoralist in the far north of Queensland. Alexander became a roads engineer with the Queensland government, being engineer of roads and bridges in central Queensland 1874-80 and chief engineer for harbours and rivers from 1890 until his retirement. He died in London.
#
"Jenkings, Bill",414,0,g,0
(1915-96)
Bill Jenkings, Australian "ace" crime reporter with Sydney's \IDaily Mirror,\i was born and grew up in Bondi, Sydney where he lived all of his life. He started out at the \IBondi Weekly\i and then the \ICatholic Press.\i He started at Sydney's \IDaily Mirror\i in 1944 and was nicknamed the Ace. He was first on the spot at some of Australia's biggest crimes, such as the Bogle Chandler murder at Lane Cove, the Graeme Thorne kidnapping and The Headless Body case.
He knew all of Sydney's crime figures, many of whom threatened to kill him. He retired in 1991, aged 77, and in 1992 wrote his memoirs in a book called \IAs Crime Goes By.\i He died on 12th May 1996, aged 81, and is survived by his wife Noreen, two sons Peter and Terry, and daughter Patricia.
#
"Jennings, Sir Albert",415,0,g,0
(1896-1993)
Sir Albert Jennings, famous Australian builder, was born Albert Victor Jennings at Brunswick, Victoria on 12th October 1896. The youngest of nine children, he was educated at South Melbourne State School. An accomplished rifle shooter at the age of 13, he was included in the Victorian schoolboys' team, which completed in a British Empire challenge match, where he outshot the reigning Empire cadet champion.
He left school at 14 to become an apprentice in mechanical dentistry, but in 1916 enlisted in the army and served in France in the medical corps. After the war in 1920 he joined his brother-in-law, Horrie Amos, in his Glenhuntly real estate agency. In 1932, at the peak of the Depression, he launched the original Jennings Building company with ú700. The company was the first in Australia to develop large housing estates and display homes.
He retired in 1972, but kept an active interest in the company until his death. He is survived by one son Vic; his wife Ethel Johnson, whom he married in 1922, died in 1981, and his son Doug, a politician, died in 1987 aged 59. Sir Albert died in Melbourne on 3rd March 1993, aged 96.
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"Jesaulenko, Alexander",416,"0","g","0"
(1945- )
\IAustralian Rules player noted as a record-making goal kicker.\i
Born in \JCanberra\j, Jesaulenko joined the VFL's Carlton club in 1967 and in 1970 created a club record by kicking 115 goals for the season. That year Carlton won the premiership, as they did again in 1972. In 1975 Jesaulenko became captain and in 1978 he was appointed coach.
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"Joel, Sir Asher",417,0,g,0
(1912- )
Sir Asher Joel, Australian newspaper publisher, was born Asher Alexander Joel in Sydney on 4th May 1912 and was raised at Enmore. A writer and public relations and media proprietor, he organised the 1970 Papal Tour of Australia, as part of the Captain Cook Bicentenary celebrations. Awarded the United States Bronze Star for war service in the Philippines, where he served in the Navy under the command of Macarthur, he was knighted in 1974.
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"Johnson, Richard",418,0,g,0
(1753-1827)
Richard Johnson, Australia's first clergyman, was born in Yorkshire, England in 1753. He conducted Australia's first church service in February 1788 under the shade of a great tree that stood at the corner of George and Barton Streets, Sydney. He later became known as the "best framer" in the colony. In 1800, worn out by hard work, he took leave of absence to visit his family in England, but never returned to Australia, and tendered his resignation in 1802. From 1810, until his death, he served as rector at the parishes of St John the Baptist and St. Antholin in London. He died in London, England on 13th March 1827, aged 74.
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"Johnston, George Bain",419,"e\9\george.jpg","c","0"
(1764-1823)
\IColonial pioneer and soldier who led the troops that arrested Governor Bligh during the Rum Rebellion.\i
Born in Scotland, George Johnston arrived in New South Wales with the First Fleet as a marines officer. In 1792 he was appointed commander of a company of the New South Wales Corps and in 1796 aide de camp to \JGovernor Hunter\j. Meanwhile in 1793 he had received one of the earliest land grants made to an officer, an area of 40 hectares on the Parramatta road which he named Annandale after his birthplace.
In 1800 Johnston was arrested on a charge of making payment to a soldier in rum but at his trial, held in England, this was quashed and he returned to New South Wales in 1802. He led the military forces that overcame the rebelling convicts in the Castle Hill Rising of 1804 and later that year became commander of the New South Wales Corps.
In 1808 Johnston led the troops who arrested Governor Bligh in the rising against him known as the Rum Rebellion, caused by his attempts to limit the power and privileges of the New South Wales Corps.
Johnston assumed the title of lieutenant governor and was nominally in charge of the administration for the next six months. He was in fact acting at the instigation of \JJohn Macarthur\j, who held the real power during this time. Johnston was court-martialled in England in 1811, found guilty of mutiny and cashiered. He returned to New South Wales and lived as a private settler at Annandale until his death.
\BDescription:\b George Bain Johnston \I(Jonathan King)\i
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"Johnston, George Henry",420,"0","g","0"
(1912-70)
\IJournalist and novelist noted for My Brother Jack (1964).\i
Born in Melbourne, Johnston left a lithographic apprenticeship to become a cadet reporter at the \IArgus.\i During World War II he became well known as a war correspondent. He also wrote several books based on the war and his extensive travels. After the war he joined the staff of the \ISydney Sun.\i He became established as a novelist after marrying Charmian Clift and collaborating with her on \IHigh Valley\i (1948). They later worked together on two further novels. In 1950 Johnston and Clift moved to London; from 1954 to 1964 they lived in Greece with their family, mainly on the island of Hydra.
On Hydra, Johnston wrote several books, including his masterpiece, the semi-autobiographical \IMy Brother Jack\i (1964), which has been said to come close to a definition of the Australian psyche. This won the \JMiles Franklin\j Award, as did its sequel, \IClean Straw for Nothing\i (1969), written after the family's return to Sydney and dealing with the family's life overseas and Johnston's experience of emotional and creative failure.
A trilogy was made up by \IA Cartload of Clay,\i which was incomplete at the time of Johnston's death and published posthumously in 1971. He also wrote short stories and plays for radio and television. He died from tuberculosis contracted while living on Hydra. An award winning biography of Johnston by Garry Kinnane was published in 1986.
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"Joliffe, Eric",421,0,g,0
(1907- )
Eric Joliffe, famous Australian cartoonist and watercolour artist, was born at Portsmouth, England on 31st January 1907. He came to Australia with his parents at the age of four and came to fame with his famous \ISaltbush Bill\i and \IWitchetty's Tribe\i cartoons. He has been married to his wife Mary for over 60 years. He has worked freelance for most of his life, contributing to \IABC Weekly, The Bulletin, Pix \iand \ISmiths Weekly.\i
He was made a fellow of the Australian Institute of History and Art in 1983 and won the Black and White Stanley award for best single gag in 1985 and 1986. In 1989, he decided to become a watercolour painter and in 1993 held his first exhibition.
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"Jolley, (Monica) Elizabeth",422,"0","g","0"
(1923- )
\IWriter of short stories and novels including Mr Scobie's Riddle (1982) and The Well (1986).\i
Elizabeth Jolley was born in England and educated there and in Europe, working as a nurse during World War II. In 1959 she moved to Western Australia where she was a teacher before becoming established as a writer. She has published several volumes of short stories.
Her novels include \IThe Newspaper of Claremont Street\i (1981) which has since been televised, \IMr Scobie's Riddle\i (1982) which won the \IAge\i Book of the Year Award, \IMiss Peabody's Inheritance\i (1983), \IThe Well\i (1986), which won the \JMiles Franklin\j Award, \IThe Sugar Mother\i (1988), \IMy Father's Moon\i (1989) and \ICabin Fever\i (1990).
She has also written many successful radio plays. Having at first had difficulty in getting her work published, she is now recognised as one of Australia's leading contemporary writers, her work being a subtle combination of farce, pathos and closely observed detail, particularly of the incongruous or eccentric. She was appointed AO in 1988.
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"Jones, Alan",423,"e\9\alanjon.jpg","c","0"
Alan Jones AM is a graduate of Queensland and Oxford Universities with majors in English and French language and Literature, Politics and Education. He has University Blues from both Queensland and Oxford Universities in tennis.
He is formerly a Senior Master at both the Brisbane Grammar School and The Kings School, Parramatta.
For three years, Alan Jones was speech writer and senior adviser to the former Prime Minister, The Right Honourable Malcolm Fraser.
In April 1981, Alan Jones was appointed Executive Director of the Employers' Federation of New South Wales.
Alan was elected Australian Rugby Union coach in 1984 and coached Australia, until early 1988, to 89 victories in 102 matches. He is the most successful Australia Rugby coach ever. His teams won 23 Tests out of 30, and four of those losses were by only a point. In 1984 he coached Australia's national team, the Wallabies, to their now-famous Grand Slam victories over England, Ireland, Wales and Scotland and a Barbarian side made up of the best players of those countries and France.
During this tour, one British newspaper described Alan Jones as "the most approachable and articulate Rugby person to visit Britain in the last 40 years". The \ILondon Times\i sport's writer stated that Alan "has the most analytical brain I have encountered in charge of a national side".
After returning to Australia from the triumphant tour, Alan was invited to deliver the Australia Day Address as Guest of Honour of the Australia Day Council at the National Press Club in Canberra.
In October 1985 he was awarded the Rostrum Speakers Award as the Communicator of the Year.
Alan is regarded by many as one of Australia's most gifted public speakers.
In December 1985 Alan was selected by the Confederation of Australian Sport as Australia's Coach of the Year.
In 1986 Alan coached the Wallabies to Australia's now famous Bledisloe Cup victory in New Zealand, the first time such a victory had been achieved in 39 years. The Wallabies are only the second team in Rugby history to win a series against New Zealand on their home ground. On Australia Day in 1988, Alan Jones was appointed a Member of the General Division of the Order of Australia for services to Rugby Union Football.
In December 1989, Alan Jones was elected to the Confederation of Australian Sport's Hall of Fame in recognition of his contribution to Australian sport as the Australian Rugby coach.
In August, 1990 in what was regarded as the biggest defection to Rugby League since Dally Messenger, Alan Jones agreed to coach, without a fee, the Balmain League side in the Sydney Winfield Cup competition.
In March 1985 he was recruited to join 2UE as their morning radio host and quickly established himself in the competitive world of Sydney radio. In March 1988 he moved to the breakfast shift, 5.30am to 9.00am.
Since September 1988, Alan Jones has had the largest breakfast audience on the A.M. band in Australian radio and has arguably the largest radio audience in the country.
In March 1989, Alan Jones was honoured by the Variety Club of Australia as their Australian Radio Personality of the Year.
In 1991 Alan Jones was voted by the radio industry of Australia as Australia's top current affairs personality.
In 1990, 1991 and 1992 Alan Jones was awarded, by the radio industry, the prestigious award of Australian Radio Talk Personality of the Year.
In early 1993 Alan Jones received an Advance Australia Award for his services to the community and in late 1993 again took out the "RAWARDS" for Australian Talk Personality of the Year along with Top Current Affairs Presenter.
1994 saw Alan Jones host his first television show - a hard hitting current affair program for the Ten Network.
As part of the \IToday Show\i on Channel Nine, Alan Jones presents a topical segment which is watched daily by close to one million viewers nationwide.
His continuing success on Radio 2UE has seen him retain his 35th consecutive rating win as a broadcaster and he has recently established a record by picking up a further two more of the industry's prestigious RAWARDS - making eight in total.
His undoubted success and remarkable career has resulted in Alan Jones recently signing the biggest deal in broadcasting with Radio 2UE, which shall see him broadcasting on the station well into the next century.
\IThis information and photograph supplied courtesy of Harry M. Miller & Co. Management\i
\BDescription:\b Alan Jones \I(Harry M. Miller & Co. Management)\i
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"Jones, Barry",424,0,g,0
(1932- )
Barry Jones, Australian politician, writer and lawyer, was born Barry Owen Jones at Geelong in Victoria on 11th October 1932. Educated at Melbourne University, he became a public servant, a high school teacher, university history lecturer and arts administrator before entering Bob Dyers \IPick-a-Box\i television show in 1960. He was the showÆs champion for eight years, where he won over $60,000 dollars and was undefeated. He later became a radio host in Melbourne, a university lecturer and lawyer before being elected to the Victorian Parliament from 1972-77.
He then became a Federal Labor politician in 1977 and took a leading role in the revival of the Australian film industry. In 1983, he was minister for Science and Technology, and has served in a number of ministerial posts. His books include \IDecades of Decision 1860\i, \IJoseph 2\i and \IAge of Apocalypse\i.
His other works include the MacMillan \IDictionary of Biography.\i In 1991, he was narrowly beaten for the position of president of Australia's Labor Party by Stephen Loosely. However after Loosely resigned in June 1992, Jones became president in July 1992. He is a member of UNESCO, has worked as a consultant for the OECD, and is the only Australian minister to have addressed a summit meeting of the Group of Seven Industrial powers.
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"Jones, David",425,0,g,0
(1793-1873)
David Jones, Australian department store retailer, was born in Wales on 8th March 1793. He served as a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council in 1842 and Legislative Assembly from 1856-60. He established his first drapery store at the corner of George and Barrack Streets, Sydney on 24th May 1838. He had previously been in partnership with Charles Appleton but terminated their partnership over different retailing ideas.
He died in 1873, aged 80, and was succeeded by his son Edward, and subsequently his son Charles Lloyd Jones. The company was sold to the John Spalvins-owned Adelaide Steamship Company in the 1980s. However Adsteam rolled over and the store issued a public float; as Australia's oldest retailer, it operates 23 department stores.
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"Jones, Indigo",426,0,g,0
(1872-1954)
Indigo Jones, Australian meteorologist and long range weather forecaster, was born on 1st December 1872 in London, England. He began his accurate forecasting of droughts and floods in 1923. In 1934, he built his observatory in Queensland. He was succeeded by Lennox Walker. He died on 14th November 1954, aged 81.
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"Julius, Sir George Alfred*",427,"0","g","0"
(1873-1946)
\IEngineer and inventor of the automatic totaliser machine.\i
Born in England, Julius arrived with his family in \JBallarat\j in 1884. He migrated to New Zealand in 1890 where he graduated in science in 1896. After working as a railway engineer in Western Australia, he established a firm of consulting engineers in Sydney in 1907.
In 1913 he invented the automatic totalisator which had its first demonstration in Auckland, New Zealand, and is now used on racecourses around the world. The machine was capable of registering bets and showing the odds for all starters at any time.
Julius also held the post of first chairman of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) from 1926 until 1946. He was knighted in 1929.
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"Karmel, Peter Henry",428,"0","g","0"
(1922- )
\IAcademic and administrator regarded as one of Australia's leading educationists.\i
Born in Melbourne, Karmel was educated at the University of Melbourne and at Cambridge. In 1950 he became professor of economics at the University of Adelaide and was in charge of the planning of the university's new campus, which became Flinders University. He was vice-chancellor of Flinders University (1966-71), chairperson of the Universities Commission (1971-77), chairperson of the Tertiary Education Commission (1977-82) and vice-chancellor of the Australian National University (1882-87).
During these years he chaired a number of committees of inquiry into various aspects of education and there are several significant reports bearing his name. The Karmel Report 1971, which made recommendations on the reorganisation of the South Australian education system set a new trend in the planning of education provision by focusing on the sociocultural setting of education. The Karmel Report 1973, for the federal government, set out priorities within the needs of primary and secondary schools in Australia.
The Karmel Report 1976 was on post-secondary education in Tasmania. In 1985-86 he was chairperson of the Commonwealth government review of the effectiveness of higher education. He became president of the Academy of Social Sciences in Australia and chairperson of the Australian Institute of Health in 1987 and chairperson of the Australian National Council on AIDS in 1988. He was made a Companion of the Order of Australia in 1976.
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"Kavel, August Ludwig Christian",429,"0","g","0"
(1798-1860)
\ILutheran pastor who founded the first German settlements in Australia.\i
Born in Germany, Kavel was one of the Lutherans who found themselves persecuted when they opposed the new Calvinist liturgy introduced by King Frederick William III of Prussia. In 1836 Kavel went to England to gain permission to form a settlement in a British colony.
George Fife Angas, who was setting up the South Australian Association, gave financial help and Kavel and about 200 members of his congregation arrived in Adelaide in 1838. They settled on Angas' land on the Torrens and named the settlement Klemzig. This area was too small for the colonists to adequately support themselves and make payments back to Angas, so Kavel negotiated to take over a much larger area in the \JBarossa Valley\j. There they founded the townships of Bethany and Langmeil (now Tanunda).
Kavel led the northern settlement while the southern one was led by the leader of the second group of German Lutherans to sail to Australia, a pastor named Fritzsche. In 1846 Kavel and Fritzsche quarrelled over doctrinal issues and the split between them led to the eventual formation of two separate Lutheran synods in Australia. Over time the numbers of the German colonists in South Australia grew to about 8,000 and their industrious farming and cultural activities are widely recognised as having contributed greatly to the development of South Australia.
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"Keating, Annita",430,0,g,0
(1948- )
Annita Keating, wife of former Labor prime minister Paul Keating, was born Annita Johanna Maria Van Iersel in Holland on 5th October 1948, the daughter of a small businessman. She started out working in hotels before spending a year at the Sorbonne in Paris to study French.
After mastering French, English and German she became an air hostess with Alitalia and met her future husband Paul Keating on a flight to Bangkok in 1973. They married on 17th January 1975 and have four children, Patrick (1976), Caroline (1979), Katherine (1982) and Alexandra (1986).
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"Keating, Paul John",431,"e\9\jat95101.jpg","c","0"
(1944- )
\ILabor politician who was federal treasurer 1983-91 and prime minister of Australia 1991-1996.\i
Born and educated in Sydney, Paul Keating was industrial advocate for the Federated Municipal and Shire Council Employees' Union before entering the House of Representatives in 1969. He was minister for Northern Australia in 1975 and president of the New South Wales Labor Party from 1979 to 1983. In 1983 he was appointed treasurer in the Hawke government and was one of the key figures in the administration. As main architect of the government's economic policies, he was an advocate of deregulation and tax reform.
In mid 1991 Keating challenged \JBob Hawke\j for the prime ministership but was defeated in a Labor leadership ballot and retired to the backbenches. In December 1991, after the Labor leadership seemed to waver in the face of the Opposition's publication of a policy package based on the introduction of a goods and services tax, Hawke was forced to call another leadership ballot. Keating won this by a narrow margin and became prime minister. Initial media and public hesitation about his prime ministership appeared to wane after his well received 'One Nation' economic statement was released in early 1992.
In March 1996, Keating lost the federal election to \JJohn Howard\j and on the 23rd April he announced his retirement from Parliament after serving nearly 27 years.
\BDescription:\b Paul Keating \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
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"Kee, Jennifer Margaret (Jenny)",432,"e\9\kee.jpg","c","0"
(1947- )
\IFashion designer noted for innovative knitwear and fabric designs.\i
Born in Sydney, Jenny Kee studied fashion design at the East Sydney Technical College and from 1967 to 1972 worked in London at the Chelsea Antique Market, selling secondhand clothes. Returning to Sydney, she established the Flamingo Park boutique in Sydney's Strand Arcade in 1973 and, working in a creative partnership with Linda Jackson, gained a long lasting reputation for colourful and well designed clothing. She is particuarly noted for her bulky, vibrantly coloured Australiana jumpers. In 1977 her fashions were shown in the Italian Vogue magazine.
Her work has been commissioned in areas outside clothing; for example, she designed the Commonwealth government's official bicentenary gift for visiting dignitaries and the rug outside the House of Representatives in the new Parliament House. A committed conservationist, Kee is a member of the Wilderness Society and the Australian Conservation Foundation, regularly attends conservation rallies and is an active supporter of Aboriginal land rights.
\BDescription:\b Jennifer Kee \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
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"Kelly, Edward (Ned)",433,"e\9\king0032.jpg","c","0"
(1855-80)
\IBushranger who with his gang has achieved legendary status throughout Australia.\i
\JNed Kelly\j was born in Wallan, Victoria, the son of Irish parents, his father having been a convict. He grew up in an atmosphere of opposition to and mistrust of the authorities and was first in trouble with the police at the age of fourteen but was not convicted. He then had a brief taste of bushranging with the more experienced Harry Power.
His third arrest in 1870 resulted in conviction for the use of obscene language and he was imprisoned for a short time. The next year he was convicted of horse theft and sentenced to three years imprisonment, which he spent mainly in Pentridge. After his release he moved into large scale livestock stealing and became a prime target for a police 'crackdown'.
The events which form the main part of the Kelly story began in 1878. Alexander Fitzpatrick, a policeman with whom Ned's sister Kate had had a flirtation, visited the Kelly household to arrest his brother Dan on a charge of horse stealing. In the fracas that followed, Ned shot the policeman in the wrist, his mother was arrested and the two brothers disappeared. With two friends, Steve Hart and Joe Byrne, Ned and Dan concealed themselves in the Wombat Mountains, living as bushrangers and eluding police hunts.
The stories Ned heard during that time of police ill treatment of his imprisoned mother are said to have led him to vows of revenge and increased his hatred of the authorities whom he saw as persecutors of his kind - or, in his own words, as 'big ugly fat-necked wombat headed big bellied magpie legged narrow hipped splay-footed sons of Irish Bailiffs or english landlords which is better known as officers of Justice or Victorian Police'.
\BDescription:\b Ned Kelly \I(Jonathan King)\i
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"Kelly, Edward (Ned) - (2)",434,"e\9\kelly.jpg","c","0"
In October 1878 the gang met a party of four policemen at Stringybark Creek. Ned shot three of the police dead. After this the members of the gang were declared outlaws and the hunt for them was reinforced. It was also this event which lodged them in Australia's social consciousness, the people of the time, as later, divided as to which side they sympathised with and whether they regarded Ned as a murderous criminal or as a working class hero.
The Kelly gang managed to evade the police hunt and were not seen until they robbed a bank in Euroa in December and then a second bank at Jerilderie in New South Wales in February 1879. The reward for their capture rose to ú8,000 and Aboriginal trackers were brought from Queensland to assist. But, probably with the help of the country people of north eastern Victoria, they remained out of sight until June 1880.
The motives behind the hold up of the train at Glenrowan that led to their undoing are unclear - perhaps the first step in the establishment of a republic, an expression of hatred of the railways which Ned vaguely saw as a threat to the 'free' way of life, or a scheme to take hostages to use as bargaining power in the demand for Mrs Kelly's release.
The special detachment of police travelling on the train to track down the gang was forewarned, and surrounded the gang in the Glenrowan Inn where \JNed Kelly\j, wearing his famous suit of homemade armour, was captured and his three companions killed. Ned was tried for the murder of one of the policemen at Stringybark Creek and sentenced to death - at this he told the judge, 'I will see you there where I go'. He was hanged on 11 November 1880.
\JNed Kelly\j and his gang have been the subject of plays, novels, ballads, films, television series and paintings, the best known of the latter including those by \JSidney Nolan\j in which Ned is depicted in his armour. He has also been treated extensively in Australian historical writing, both in general narrative histories and in studies of the Australian ethos, as in Russel Ward's \IThe Australian Legend\i (1958).
\BDescription:\b Ned Kelly \I(Mitchell Library)\i
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"Kelly, Ros",435,0,g,0
(1948- )
Ros Kelly, former Australian Labor Party politician, was born in Sydney on 25th January 1948, the daughter of a police inspector. She started out as a teacher at Yass High School from 1969 until 1972, and became a politician for the ACT from 1974 until 1979. She moved to Federal politics and the seat of Canberra from 1980 until 1995. She chaired the Australian Capital Territory Schools Authority from 1978-79 and became Minister for Defence, Science and Personnel from 1988-90, and Minister for Arts, Sports, Environment and Territories from 1990-94.
She is divorced from Australian journalist Paul Kelly and is now married to her second husband, David Morgan, and has a daughter and son. She has held the portfolios of Defence, Science and Personnel; Aviation; and finally Minister for Arts, Sport and Environment. On 28th February, 1994, she stepped down as Sports Minister following an incident known as the æSports Rorts affairÆ. She handed out millions of dollars to 726 grateful applicants without keeping any documentation, claiming all she needed was a whiteboard. She resigned from Federal politics on 30th January 1995.
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"Kemsley, James",436,0,g,0
(1948- )
James Kemsley, Australian artist and cartoonist, was born in Sydney on 15th November 1948. He has drawn the \IGinger Meggs\i newspaper strip since 1983 and is the latest of Ginger's four foster fathers. James lives at Bowral in the New South Wales southern highlands. Kemsley had to be approved by the executors of Bancks estate before he was authorised to draw the character professionally.
Kemsley married his wife Helen Perry on 13th November 1982, the 61st anniversary of \IGinger Meggs\i creation; they have two children.
James started out as a props boy at TCN-9 in Sydney and came to fame in the early 70s as \ISkeeter\i on the Nine Network's \ICartoon Corner.\i During the same period he starred in a number of stage productions. He studied playwrighting and has written for stage and television. He worked as dialogue coach on the \IGinger Meggs\i movie and has worked backstage for the London Ballet, The Australian Ballet and the Theatre of Japan.
\IGinger Meggs\i made his debut in Sydney's \ISunday Sun\i on 13th November 1921 under the name of \IUs Fellers.\i Created by Jimmy Bancks, who drew the series for 30 years, he has had his work carried on by a number of contemporaries.
In October 1997, KemsleyÆs \IGinger Meggs\i became the first Australian comic strip to appear in a London daily newspaper, when \IThe Daily Express\i agreed to include the strip in their newspaper.
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"Kendall, Henry",437,"e\9\hkendall.jpg","c","0"
(1839-82)
\IPoet noted for his lyric poems of the Australian forest and countryside.\i
Born near Milton, New South Wales, Kendall began publishing verse in Sydney journals in 1859 and published his first volume of verse, \IPoems and Songs,\i in 1862. Though praised by critics it sold few copies. He also worked as a lawyer's clerk and in various government offices, including that of colonial secretary, \JHenry Parkes\j, who had become a patron.
In 1868, experiencing financial and personal troubles, he and his wife moved to Melbourne to start again but he was unable to find regular employment and had to live on an irregular income from the publication of verse and prose articles. In 1869 George Robertson published Kendall's second volume of verse, \ILeaves from Australian Forests\i (1869). This also was well received by critics but brought in no income.
In 1870 Kendall and his family returned to Sydney and in 1872, after increasingly turning to alcohol, he suffered a nervous breakdown which he referred to in later poems as 'the shadow of 1872'. He managed to re-establish his health with the help of the Fagan family of Gosford, was rejoined by his wife and family and began writing again. In 1879 he wrote the words for the song sung at the opening of the Sydney International Exhibition. His third volume of poems, \ISongs from the Mountains\i (1880), was a popular success, breaking contemporary sales records for Australian verse.
Sir \JHenry Parkes\j appointed him forest's inspector in northern New South Wales in 1881 but his health failed and he died soon afterwards. He is best known for his highly descriptive lyric poems of the Australian rainforests and countryside, such as 'Bell Birds' and 'September in Australia', for decades standard classroom fare, but recent critical opinion has drawn attention to the skill of his narrative poems, some with biblical and classical settings as well as Australian.
\BDescription:\b Henry Kendall \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
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"Keneally, Thomas Michael",438,"0","g","0"
(1935- )
\IAuthor noted for his novels about various oppressed people.\i
Born and educated in Sydney, Keneally studied for the Catholic priesthood for a time before becoming a teacher and studying arts and law. His first widely known novel was \IBring Larks and Heroes\i (1967), set in Australia's convict past, which won the \JMiles Franklin\j Award. Other novels include \IThree Cheers for the Paraclete\i (1968), based on his experiences in the priesthood which also won the \JMiles Franklin\j Award, \IA Dutiful Daughter\i (1971), \IThe Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith\i (1972), later made into a film, \ISchindler's Ark\i (1982) which won the Booker Prize in England and the Los Angeles Times Fiction Award, \ITowards Asmara\i (1989) and \IFlying Hero Class\i (1991).
Concerned with sin, complicity and guilt, many of his novels centre around oppressed people - convicts in \IBring Larks and Heroes,\i Aborigines in \IThe Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith,\i dispossessed Jews in World War II Poland in \ISchindler's Ark,\i and the Eritrean people in \ITowards Asmara.\i Keneally has also written several plays and a children's book. Since he began publishing novels he has been mainly a full-time writer, with some periods of lecturing. He has travelled widely in Australia and overseas, in 1975-77 living in the United States. He was appointed AO in 1983 and is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature.
His latest published books include \IA River Town,\i 1994 and \IHomebush Boy,\i 1995.
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"Kennedy, Buzz",439,0,g,0
(1927- )
Buzz Kennedy, Australian journalist and broadcaster, was born Robert Kennedy. He worked for the Sydney \IDaily Telegraph\i and in the 1960s was a radio host on 2UW. In the 1980s and 1990s he was a columnist with the \IWeekend Australian\i before retiring.
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"Kennedy, Sir Clyde",440,0,g,0
(1912-91)
Sir Clyde Kennedy, dynamic Australian horse racing administrator, was born Clyde David Allen Kennedy in Auckland, New Zealand on 20th November 1912. He was elected Chairman of the Sydney Turf Club in 1972 and held that position until he retired in 1983. He played a major role in introducing the TAB computerised on-course betting and live television coverage of racing. He married on 20th October 1937 and had two sons and one daughter. He died in Sydney from a heart attack on 26th June 1991, aged 79.
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"Kennedy, Edmund Besley Court",441,"0","g","0"
(1818-48)
\IExplorer who died while leading an expedition from Rockingham Bay overland to Cape York.\i
Born on Guernsey in the Channel Islands into an English family of comfortable means, Kennedy qualified as a surveyor and decided to leave for Australia, arriving in Sydney in 1840. He was appointed to the surveyor general's department and assisted in explorations of the area and river systems around Port Phillip.
On the basis of this experience he was appointed second in command to Thomas Mitchell on an expedition which aimed to open up south western Queensland and find an overland route to the north. This expedition was in the main unsuccessful and Kennedy played a minor role, being put in charge of the base camp. However, after its return to Sydney, Kennedy was sent back to continue the search for a river which might flow to the Gulf.
He returned to Sydney at the beginning of 1848 without having found a river but with a reputation for dealing well with problems of morale, drought and hostile Aborigines. As a result, it was decided that the search for an overland route to the Gulf should start from the coast and Kennedy was appointed to lead a party that was to be landed at Rockingham Bay and attempt to travel overland to the top of Cape York.
The expedition was well organised but doomed to failure, it can now be seen, because of the unforeseen ruggedness of the unknown terrain, the near impenetrability of the mangrove swamps of the Peninsula, the vast distances involved and the hostility of local Aborigines, who had been treated aggressively by previous explorers.
Of eight men left at a base camp, only two survived after supplies ran out. Another three who were left at a camp site further on were never found again. Kennedy went on, loyally accompanied by an Aborigine known as Jackey Jackey, in an attempt to reach the coast and get supplies from the ship waiting for them. He died after being speared by Aborigines, but Jackey Jackey managed to find a way to the coast where he was rescued by the waiting schooner.
A detailed account was given by botanist William Carron, one of the two survivors from the base camp, in \INarrative of an Expedition Undertaken under the Direction of the Late Mr. Assistant Surveyor E.B. Kennedy\i (1849). The tragedy of Kennedy's death and the devoted loyalty of Jackey Jackey have been the subject of several drawings and paintings and have inspired works of literature such as Judith Wright's poem 'Two Sides of a Story'.
#
"Kennett, Jeffrey Gibb",442,"0","g","0"
(1948 -)
Jeff Kennett was educated at Mt Eliza State School and Scotch College in Melbourne. In 1968, he was conscripted and spent two years in the Australian Army, serving as an officer on overseas duty in Malaysia and Singapore.
Shortly after leaving the Army, Kennett founded KNF Advertising. He also established a manufacturing and importing business.
In 1976, he entered the Victorian State Parliament as the Liberal Party Member for Burwood. He served subsequently in the previous conservative Government as Minister for Housing, Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs and Minister Responsible for Aboriginal Affairs.
Following Labor's election win, Kennett was elected Leader of the Opposition in October 1982 and occupied that office until 1989. He was re-elected Leader of the Liberal Party on 23 April 1991.
He oversaw an intensive program of policy development through a network of portfolio committees with membership from the Liberal Party and its coalition partner since June 1990, the National Party, in the lead up to last year's Victorian election.
Under his leadership, the Coalition was elected to Government on 3 October 1992 with two-to-one majorities in both Houses of Parliament - a position unparalleled in almost 140 years of responsible State Government in Victoria.
In Government, Kennett holds the position of Premier and Minister for Ethnic Affairs and has a direct involvement in the Victorian Ministerial Industry Council and Food Victoria.
The Kennett Government has also acted swiftly to implement extensive reform of the Victorian Public Service, to initiate a full, independent audit of State finances and implement a deficit and debt reduction strategy.
\IThis information was supplied courtesy of Premier of Victoria, Parliament House, Melbourne.\i
#
"Kenny, Elizabeth*",443,"0","g","0"
(1886-1952)
\INurse and pioneer polio rehabilitation therapist.\i
Born in Warialda, New South Wales, Kenny became interested in the structure and development of muscles while recuperating from a riding injury at the age of ten. She practised bush nursing in the Darling Downs from about 1910, encountering poliomyelitis (infantile paralysis) early in her career. Unaware of the accepted treatment, she devised a method which reduced muscle spasm and stimulated and re-educated paralysed muscles. Despite her obvious success, her work was ridiculed and opposed by the medical profession, which preferred to treat polio by immobilisation.
During World War I \JElizabeth Kenny\j served on troop ships with the Australian Army Nursing Service. With the support of the Queensland Department of Health she opened a clinic in Townsville during the 1932 polio epidemic. Clinics in Brisbane and elsewhere in Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and Surrey, England, followed. However, in 1938 a Royal Commission to enquire into her methods found against her.
In 1940, with the assistance of the Queensland government, she left for a lecture tour of the United States. The United States National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis approved her methods in 1941, Kenny clinics were opened in several cities and her methods became accepted practice. Her two volume autobiography, \IAnd They Shall Walk\i (1944) and \IMy Battle and Victory\i (1955), written in collaboration with Martha Ostenso, was made into a film.
#
"Kerin, John",444,0,g,0
(1937- )
John Kerin, former Australian Federal Labor Party politician, was born in New South Wales on 21st November 1937. After serving as minister for Primary Industries, he was appointed Federal Treasurer on 3rd June 1991 when Paul Keating, Australia's longest serving treasurer, stepped down after eight years and three months following an unsuccessful challenge against Bob Hawke to become prime minister. The Prime Minister removed him from the position of Treasurer in December 1991.
#
"Kernot, Cheryl",445,"0","g","0"
Cheryl Kernot was born in New South Wales in 1948 and came to Queensland for a teaching appointment in 1976. She is married to Gavin, also a teacher. They have a daughter Sian, born in 1983 in Canada where her parents were on a teaching exchange for one year.
Cheryl joined the Australian Democrats in 1979. She had not been a member of any other political party. On a visit to the Queensland State Parliament with a group of students her disgust with the antics she witnessed there and a visible lack of women parliamentarians motivated her to become more politically active.
She has twice been Deputy National President of the Party and has held various other positions: Policy Co-ordinator, Secretary, Newsletter Editor and Campaign Director for the 1987 campaign which re-elected Michael Macklin.
She was the Democrats' representative on the Young Political Leaders' exchange tour of the USA in 1986.
She was the Austrlian Democrats' candidate for the State seat of Ashgrove in 1980, polling 12% in her first election campaign.
She was number four on the Democrats' Senate Ticket in 1984 and number two in 1987.
In 1989 she was elected by the Party members, with 76% of the primary vote, to lead the Senste ticket for the 1990 Federal election, where she won her seat in the Senate.
She was the only women elected to the Senate in Queensland at that election and only the fifth since Federation.
After a nationwide ballot of members, Cheryl was elected Leader of the Australian Democrats in April 1993 and re-elected in 1996.
In 1996 Cheryl was re-elected to the Senate. This was the highest percentage gained by a Democrat in Queensland.
Her major concerns include creating a healthy economy with a focus on Australian ownership; building bridges between home and career for working families; and reconciliation with indigenous people.
In the Parliament she has built her reputation on the superannuation debate, ministerial accountability, her role on the print media inquiry, the native title legislation and major economic issues like the tax cuts, the role of banks and the 1993 and 1995 Budget debates.
Cheryl is well known for her commonsense approach to the complex political issues facing Australia in the 1990s.
Cheryl is a board member of the Australian Association of Young People in Care; a past president of the Queensland Association of Media Educators; a former representative on the Queensland Multicultural Co-ordinating Committee; a qualified cricket umpire; is active in the Brisbane Aboriginal Reconciliation; is a member of Greenpeace; and organised the successful public appeal for John Sinclair's (Fraser Island) legal costs against Joh Bjelke Petersen.
In October 1997, Cheryl announced her resignation from the Australian Democrats so she could join the Labor Party and help them win the next Federal election.
\I(Information supplied courtesy of the Australian Democrats)\i
#
"Kerr, Sir John Robert",446,"e\9\jkerr.jpg","c","0"
(1914-91)
\ILawyer who was chief justice of New South Wales 1972-74 and governor-general of Australia 1974-77; as governor-general he dismissed the Whitlam Labor government in 1975.\i
Born in Sydney, the son of a boilermaker, \JJohn Kerr\j graduated in law from the University of Sydney, winning the University Medal. He was admitted to the bar in 1938 and after war service was principal of the Australian School of Pacific Administration 1946-48, secretary of the South Pacific Commission 1946-47 and adviser to the Australian United Nations delegation in 1947.
Returning to the bar in 1948, he became a QC in 1953 and held a number of public offices and senior judgeships, including being on the benches of the Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory 1966-72 and the Supreme Court of the Northern Territory 1970-72. He was knighted in 1966 and appointed chief justice of New South Wales in 1972.
In 1974 he became governor-general following his nomination by Labor prime minister, \JGough Whitlam\j. In 1975, faced with the blocking of supply by the opposition controlled Senate and Whitlam's decision not to ask for a general election, he decided to use the governor-general's reserve powers to dismiss the government.
At the same time he dissolved both houses of parliament, called a general election and installed a caretaker government led by \JMalcolm Fraser\j. Thus the governor-general and the role of the office were at the centre of a constitutional crisis. Though there was little doubt about the strict legality of Kerr's actions, there was continuing controversy over their propriety. The crisis led to consideration of the need for change in the Australian Constitution, particularly as regards the roles of the governor-general and the Senate, a questioning that continues with a series of constitutional conventions.
It also adversely affected Kerr's public reputation, with the most extreme criticism accusing him of being subject to American CIA influence. This was a factor in his early retirement from the governor-generalship in 1977 after which he was briefly Australia's ambassador to UNESCO in Paris. He published his version of the events of 1975 in \IMatters for Judgment: an autobiography\i in 1978.
\BDescription:\b Sir John Kerr \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
#
"Kidman, Sir Sidney",447,"0","g","0"
(The Cattle King) (1857-1935)
\IPastoralist who owned a chain of stations running from the Gulf of Carpentaria to South Australia and another chain along the route of the Overland Telegraph.\i
Born near Adelaide, Kidman ran away from home at the age of thirteen and found work at outback stations in the 'corner' country of western New South Wales. Using ú400 inherited at the age of twenty one as a base for trading in horses and cattle, then \JBroken Hill\j mines, he was able to gradually buy up land holdings that have been variously estimated as covering from 126,000 to 170,000 square kilometres.
His land was bought so that he had 'chains' of stations, one running from the Gulf of Carpentaria through western Queensland to \JBroken Hill\j and into South Australia, and the second stretching along the Overland Telegraph Line. The north west of New South Wales was at one time known as 'Kidman's Corner'. Kidman became a public figure during World War I when he donated fighter planes and other items to the armed forces. He was knighted in 1921. His life was portrayed in Ion Idriess' book, \IThe Cattle King\i (1936).
#
"Kiernan, Ian",448,0,g,0
(1940- )
Ian Kiernan, 1994 Australian of the Year, builder and businessman, was born at Kings Cross, Sydney on 4th October 1940. Educated at Armidale in Northern New South Wales, he became a builder specialising in historic restorations. As a competitive sailor, he represented Australia in the Admiral's Cup, Southern Cross Cup and Trans Pacific yacht races. During the 1970s, he took up solo yacht racing and during the BOC round-the-world challenge, in which he set an Australian record for solo navigation, Ian noticed the world's oceans were becoming a dumping ground for rubbish. When he returned to Australia he decided to do something about it.
He started with Sydney Harbour and before long he headed up a clean up NSW day, then Clean Up Australia, and now Clean Up the World. He is accompanied everywhere by his blue cattle dog Max, that he bought from a group of Maoris on a building site for two cartons of beer. On 26th January 1994, he was named Australian of the Year. Ian now serves as full time chairman of Clean Up Australia, which began in 1990. He is married to Judy and has two daughters from his first marriage, Sally (1968) and Pip (1969).
#
"King, Bernard",449,0,g,0
(1934- )
Bernard King, renowned Australian chef, author and entertainer, was born in Queensland on 25th March 1934. He started out as a school teacher and eventually became a chef and an outrageous and controversial talent judge on the 10 NetworkÆs \INew Faces\i, and \IPot of Gold\i. He ran a theatre restaurant at Brighton Le Sands in the 1980s, and is still in demand at cooking fairs and shopping centres around Australia.
#
"King, Poppy",450,0,g,0
(1972- )
Poppy King, Australia international lipstick manufacturer, was born in Melbourne on 24th May 1972. On Australia Day, 1995, the 22-year-old lipstick manufacturer was awarded Young Australian of the Year. She established her own lipstick company in Melbourne at the age of 18 when she claimed it was impossible to buy a quality lipstick to suit her needs.
She has since taken Poppys to a multi-million dollar per year turnover.
#
"Kingsford Smith, Sir Charles Edward",451,"0","Charles Kingsford Smith","film19i.avi"
(Smithy) (1897-1935)
\IPioneer aviator who, with \JCharles Ulm,\j made the first flight over the Pacific in 1928.\i
\JKingsford Smith\j was born in Brisbane. After serving with the AIF at Gallipoli and in France he was chosen in 1917 to train as a pilot for the Royal Flying Corps. He was awarded the Military Cross for action over France. He returned to Australia in 1921 and was employed by the first Australian airline service, Western Australian Airways Ltd, flying between Geraldton and Derby.
Back in Sydney in 1926 \JKingsford Smith\j met \JCharles Ulm\j and the two decided to attempt a flight across the Pacific, first making a record breaking round-Australia flight to raise funds. Using the frame of a damaged Fokker tri-plane and other parts they assembled the plane that they called the \ISouthern Cross.\i With two American navigators they left California on 31 May 1928 and after three landings arrived in Brisbane on 9 June. \JKingsford Smith\j and Ulm were awarded ú10,000 jointly by the Commonwealth government.
After notching up several further Australian records, their careers were clouded by the events of April 1929, when the \ISouthern Cross\i with the two aviators and two others disappeared for twelve days in central Australia. During an intensive air search two of their friends, Keith Anderson and Bobby Hitchcock, were forced to crash land and died in the desert of thirst. The crew of the \ISouthern Cross\i were later found at Coffee Royal and had to face charges that they had staged the incident as a publicity stunt. They were exonerated at an official inquiry.
Later in 1929 \JKingsford Smith\j flew from Sydney to London in record time and went on to circumnavigate the world. In 1933 he set a new record for the flight from England to Australia. The next year, with Gordon Taylor navigating, he made the first flight from Australia to America in a single engine plane.
In 1935 he and Taylor flew the King George V Jubilee airmail from London to New Zealand in the last flight of the \ISouthern Cross\i which was then sold to the Australian government. Later in the year, \JKingsford Smith\j in his new plane, the \ILady Southern Cross,\i disappeared while on a flight from England to Australia and was never found. Smithy was knighted in 1932.
\BViddescription:\b Kingsford Smith disappears in 1935 (Film World)
#
"Kippax, Harry Gemmell",452,"0","g","0"
(1920- )
\IDoyen of Australian theatre critics.\i
Born in Sydney, Kippax became a journalist with the \ISydney Morning Herald\i in 1938 and was war correspondent, news editor, associate editor and an editorial writer. He became the \IHerald's\i theatre critic in 1967. Before that he wrote drama reviews for \INation.\i His opinion came to be treated with respect by the public as well as those in the theatre world. Since his retirement he has continued to do theatre reviews on a freelance basis and to lecture at the University of New South Wales.
#
"Kirby, Michael",453,0,g,0
(1939- )
Justice Michael Kirby, Australian lawyer and Justice of the High Court, was born Michael Donald Kirby in Sydney on 18th March 1939. He is internationally recognised for his work with the OECD, UNESCO, and WHO. He is noted for arriving at work around 5.30 every morning. In 1975, he was a member of the Arbitration Commission and in the same year became Chairman of the Australian Law Reform Commission until 1985.
He has been Chancellor of Macquarie University since 1984 and President of the New South Wales Court of Appeal since 1984. His ABC Boyer lectures were published as \IThe Judges\i in 1984. In 1991, Barry Jones named him one of Australia's most magnificent 17 brains.
#
"Kirby, Sir Richard Clarence",454,"0","g","0"
(1904- )
\IJudge who was first president of the Australian Conciliation and Arbitration Commission 1956-73.\i
Born in Charters Towers, Queensland, Richard Kirby was educated in Sydney and graduated in law from the University of Sydney. He was a judge of the New South Wales District Court from 1944 to 1947 when he was appointed to the Commonwealth Court of Concilation and Arbitration. In 1956 the court was reconstituted into the Conciliation and Arbitration Commission and the Industrial Court.
Kirby became first president of the new Conciliation and Arbitration Commission and in his long tenure of this position was noted for his independent and flexible approach aimed at resolution of disputes rather than strict regulation. He was knighted in 1961. Since his retirement in 1973 he has been involved in many public bodies including being foundation governor of Work Skill Australia since 1980.
#
"Kirkpatrick, John Simpson",455,"0","g","0"
(1892-1915)
\ISoldier who became known as 'the man with the donkey' while rescuing the wounded at Gallipoli in 1915.\i
Born in England, Kirkpatrick joined the British merchant navy and deserted at Newcastle in New South Wales in 1910. After working in a variety of jobs, including cane cutting, coalmining and working on coastal vessels, he enlisted in the AIF at the start of World War I as John Simpson. He landed at Gallipoli on 25 April 1915 and soon found a donkey (variously called 'Duffy', 'Abdul' or 'Murphy') on which he carried the wounded to the dressing stations, ignoring shell and rifle fire. He was killed on 19 May and buried on the beach. The man with the donkey has become an enduring part of the Anzac legend.
#
"Kirner, Joan",456,0,g,0
(1938- )
Joan Kirner, Victoria's first female premier, was born in Victoria on 20th June 1938. At the age of 52, on 9th August 1990, she became Victoria's 26th premier, the State's first woman premier, and Australia's second female premier in six months. She replaced John Cain, who resigned following a dramatic decline in his popularity from 77 per cent at his peak to 18 per cent when he resigned.
Joan Kirner married the deputy head of Flemington High School, Ron Kirner, in 1960 and they have three children, Michael, David, and Kate. She was defeated at the 1992 election, when Jeff Kennett led the Liberal Party to a record 36 seat majority with a 7.2% swing against Labor; this was the greatest victory for Victorian Liberals since the 1950s.
#
"Klein, Robin",457,"0","g","0"
(1936- )
\IWriter of children's books such as Hating Alison Ashley (1984).\i
Born in Kempsey, New South Wales, \JRobin Klein\j left school at the age of fifteen and worked in a variety of jobs, including tea lady, telephonist, librarian, nurse, painter and photography teacher, before becoming a full-time writer. One of a large family of nine children who was, in her own words, 'picked on and pushed around', reading and writing were one of the constants of her childhood. Her first short story was published in 1952 but she did not take up serious writing until the 1970s.
Her many popular children's books, mostly for the primary school age group, include \IThe Giraffe of Pepperell Street\i (1978), \IHating Alison Ashley\i (1984), \IHalfway Across the Galaxy and Turn Left\i (1985), \IThe Lonely Hearts Club\i (1987) and \ICame Back to Show You I Could Fly\i (1989). She has won several awards, including the 1982 Children's Book Council of Australia Junior Book of the Year Award for \IThing.\i A number of her books have been made into television and dramatic productions, including \IHating Alison Ashley,\i which was made into a highly successful play, and \IHalfway Across the Galaxy and Turn Left\i which was made for television.
#
"Klippel, Robert Edward",458,"0","g","0"
(1920- )
\IContemporary sculptor known especially for his metal 'junk' sculpture.\i
Born in Sydney, Robert Klippel trained as a woolclasser and served with the Royal Australian Navy during World War II. During this time he began making models of ships and planes, his earliest involvement with sculpture. After the war he studied under Lyndon Dadswell and went to London where he lived at the Abbey Art Centre, studied at the Slade School in 1947 and made many important friendships in the art world. He then moved to Paris where the poet and critic AndrΘ Breton became interested in his work, which at this time was in the form of wooden rod constructions, and arranged for an exhibition in 1949.
After teaching for a time in America he returned to Australia in 1950, working as a sales representative and an industrial designer. In 1957 he went to New York to continue his work in sculpture. From 1958 to 1962 he was instructor in sculpture at the Minneapolis School of Arts, where he later returned as visiting professor. Back in New York he started experimenting with welded metal 'junk' sculpture, the junk having no significance in its own right, merely providing the raw material for his art.
After his return to Sydney in 1963 Klippel exhibited this form of work. It attracted wide interest and from that time Klippel became recognised as one of the most important and innovative modern sculptors in Australia. His work is represented in the Australian \JNational Gallery\j and in the state galleries of Western Australia, Victoria and New South Wales. He was appointed AO in 1988.
#
"Knopwood, Robert",459,0,g,0
(1762-1838)
Reverend Robert Knopwood, first chaplain of Van Diemen's Land, was born in Norfolk on 2nd June 1763. He inherited ú90,000 but squandered it in riotous hard living, and when the money ran out got a job as a chaplain with the Navy. He eventually became a magistrate; he was regarded as being full of sympathy and fond of wine. His 30-year diary gave an accurate description of the early days of Tasmania. He died on 18th September 1838, aged 75.
#
"Kocan, Peter",460,0,g,0
(1947- )
Peter Kocan, attempted assassin and author, was born in Newcastle on 4th May 1947, and grew up in Melbourne. He came to fame on 21st June 1966 when he shot and wounded Australian Opposition Leader and Federal Labor Party leader, Arthur Calwell, in the chin and face. Kocan was aged 20 when he shot Calwell through a car window in Sydney's suburban Mosman, where Calwell had been attending a political rally of 900 people. On 31st August 1966, Kocan was jailed for life, but on 31st December the same year was committed to a psychiatric hospital where he was often visited by Calwell, the man he attempted to kill.
In 1967, he attempted writing poetry and his book \IThe Other Side of the Fence\i was published in 1975. In 1982, he received a literary grant and he once again came into the spotlight when his novels \IThe Treatment,\i and its award winning sequel \IThe Cure.\i He received another literary grant in 1983 and produced a short novel \IFlies of a Summer.\i In January 1993, he published a poetry book called \IStanding With Friends.\i
#
"Koch, David",461,0,g,0
(1956- )
David Koch, Sydney finance journalist and broadcaster, was born in Sydney on 7th March 1956. He runs his own financial newspaper and is a commentator with the Seven Network. After being a contributor to 2GB for a number of years, he was appointed breakfast announcer in May 1991, and was joined by co-host Lucienne Joy in August the same year; a combination which lasted until April 1992. He currently runs his own financial newspaper and is the finance reporter for the Seven Network.
#
"Konrads Family",462,"0","g","0"
\IBrother and sister who both broke numerous middle distance swimming records in 1958-60.\i
Born in Riga, Latvia, John and Ilsa Konrads arrived in Sydney with their parents in 1949 as immigrants from Germany. John (1942- ) was trained by Don Talbot and by the age of fifteen had fourteen world records to his credit. At the 1958 Empire and Commonwealth Games he took three gold medals and at another stage in that year set six world records in seven days, including the 400 and 1,500 metres distances. At the 1960 Rome Olympics he won the gold medal for the 1,500 metres.
Ilsa (1944- ) was also coached by Talbot and at the age of thirteen broke the 800 metres and 880 yards world records. At the 1958 Games she won the 440 yards race, beating both \JDawn Fraser\j and \JLorraine Crapp\j. Between 1958 and 1960 she broke a total of six world records. She and her brother became known as the 'Konrads Kids'. Their lack of experience in international competition was shown in their relatively poor performance at the 1960 Olympics compared with their record breaking performances at home.
\IScholar and critic in the field of Australian literature who has been an influential figure in educational policy making.\i
Born in Melbourne, Leonie Kramer was educated at the University of Melbourne and at Oxford. After holding several lectureships, she was appointed professor of Australian literature at the University of Sydney in 1968, since when she has become widely known as a scholar, critic and public policy maker in the areas of culture and education.
The many committees and boards to which she has belonged include the Universities Council of the Commonwealth Tertiary Education Commission and the Australian Broadcasting Commission, of which she was briefly chairperson (1982-83). Her stance in educational matters has been conservative.
Much of her critical writing has been on Henry Handel Richardson, who was also given prominent treatment in the fiction section of \IThe Oxford History of Australian Literature\i (1981), of which Kramer was editor. Her move into other areas of public life is demonstrated by her having been appointed a director of the Australian and New Zealand Banking Group in 1983 and Commissioner of Elcom (NSW) in 1988. She was created a Dame in 1983.
Dr. Karl Kruszelnicki, Australian scientist and television performer, was born Karl Sven Sas Konkovitch Matthew Kruszelnicki at Halsingborg, Sweden on 20th March 1948 and was educated in Wollongong. A qualified doctor and computer scientist, he has worked as a doctor at the Concord Repatriation Hospital, the Auburn and Nepean Hospitals and the Royal Alexandria Hospital for Children in Sydney.
He was a regular on \IThe Ray Martin Midday Show\i through 1989-90 and in 1991 joined the Channel 10 breakfast show \IGood Morning Australia\i. His books include \IGreat Moments in Science\i, \IEven Greater Moments in Science\i, and \IScience Bizarre 1 & 2\i.
#
"Lalor, Peter",465,"e\9\king0050.jpg","c","0"
(1827-89)
\IPolitician who was one of the leaders of the \JEureka\j Stockade.\i
Born in Ireland, Lalor was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and emigrated to Victoria in 1852. He worked as a civil engineer for the Victorian railways before going to the goldfields in the Ovens Valley and at \JBallarat\j. He joined the \JBallarat\j Reform League and became one of the leaders of the miners' protest against the goldfields licensing system which was associated with a growing movement for universal suffrage and voting by ballot.
This culminated in the events of 3 December 1854 at the \JEureka\j Stockade, when gold diggers and the military forces clashed at \JBallarat\j and about 30 people died. Lalor was wounded in this clash and lost an arm. A reward for his arrest was cancelled after the apprehended rebels were tried and all but one acquitted. Lalor entered the Victorian parliament in 1855. As a politician he pursued fairly conservative policies. He held a number of ministerial posts and was speaker of the Assembly from 1880 to his retirement in 1887.
\BDescription:\b Peter Lalor \I(Jonathan King)\i
#
"Lanceley, Colin",466,"0","g","0"
(1938- )
\IContemporary painter, printmaker and sculptor.\i
Lanceley was born in New Zealand and came to Australia with his family in 1940. He studied at East Sydney Technical College and at the National Art School from 1956 to 1960. In 1962, with fellow artists Mike Brown and Ross Crothall, he formed the Annandale Imitation Realists group. They painted colourful decorations on waste objects such as bottles, tins and stove pipes and had their first exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art in Melbourne. Their subsequent work showed the influence of American pop and assemblage art. Lanceley became well known from the work of this group and in 1965 travelled to Italy on a Helena Rubinstein scholarship.
During the 1970s he lived in London, becoming associated with the Marlborough Galleries and also holding regular exhibitions in Sydney and Melbourne. He has since settled back in Sydney and has had several exhibitions in major New York galleries.
Lanceley's collages meld sculpture and painting into one art form. His works are brightly coloured and exuberant. His early use of junk, as in \IGlad Family Picnic\i (1962), is satirical and joking as well as aesthetic. He selected waste objects not just as raw material but with their past uses in mind.
His later works, such as \ISouth Coast, Wombarra Beach,\i are more directed to evoking 'a deep rooted sense of belonging to this land' (Australia). Basically abstract, his work sometimes has a surrealistic feeling. He is represented in the Australian \JNational Gallery\j, most state and regional galleries, in the Tate Gallery and the Victoria and Albert Museum, London, and in the Museum of Modern Art, New York.
#
"Lane, Don (politician)",467,0,g,0
(1935-95)
Don Lane, former Queensland politician, was born in the USA on 18th July 1935. He was a policeman for 19 years before entering parliament in 1971. He helped Sir Joh Bjelke Petersen obtain power in his own right when he quit the Liberal Party in 1983 to join the Nationals. He was sacked from his portfolio of Transport Minister from Mike A'Hern's government and jailed for a year in 1987 after being found guilty on 27 charges of misappropriation on monies totalling $4,500. He died at his Warwick home on 11th March 1995 aged 59.
#
"Lane, William",468,"0","g","0"
(1861-1917)
\IRadical political and unionist activist who established the New Australia colony in Paraguay in 1893.\i
Born in England, William Lane went to America as a teenager and worked as a journalist in the United States and Canada before coming to Australia in 1885. Continuing to work as a journalist, he became active in the early labour movement in Queensland. In 1887 he was co-founder of the \IBoomerang\i and in 1890 started the \IWorker,\i both socialist in outlook. In 1889 he played a part in the formation of the Australian Labour Federation and this increased his contacts with labour groups in other colonies. He was involved in the organisation of the 1890-91 maritime and shearers' strikes.
However, his 1892 novel, \IThe Workingman's Paradise,\i written under the pseudonym of John Miller, illustrated his pessimism about the ability of political or industrial action to solve social problems and foreshadowed his plan to set up a New Australia in Paraguay.
In 1891, having sent a colleague to find and purchase land in Paraguay, Lane proceeded to sell shares to like minded subscribers and in 1893 he set sail on the \IRoyal Tar\i with 220 colonists. Even before they arrived, problems had been created by Lane's domineering style of leadership and these worsened with the hardships faced in the jungle.
When the settlers replaced Lane as leader and brought in private ownership instead of cooperative living, he left the original colony and moved to new land which he called Colonia Cosme. Though this worked better, Lane left Paraguay in 1899, his brother John remaining as chairman of Cosme for another five years. Lane spent the rest of his life paying off the debts incurred by these ventures. He first returned to Australia, then went to New Zealand where in 1913 he became editor of the \INew Zealand Herald\i and where he died, refusing to the last to discuss the Paraguay experiments.
His brother John and another brother left Paraguay in 1904. The two settlements continue today as small communities with a Paraguayan-Australian population.
#
"Lang, John Dunmore",469,"0","g","0"
(1799-1878)
\IPresbyterian clergyman and political and social activist; minister of Scots Church in Sydney for 52 years.\i
John Dunmore Lang, born in Scotland, was ordained a Presbyterian minister in 1822. The next year he came to New South Wales to establish Presbyterianism in the colony. He began building Scots Church in 1824, having gained financial support from the British government. The church was completed in 1826.
He was minister for 52 years until his death, as well as a member of the Legislative Council for periods during the 1840s and 1850s and a member of the Legislative Assembly from 1859 to 1869. From 1872 he was moderator of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in New South Wales.
During this long period, his outspoken opinions caused various controversies, covering immigration, government structure, education and journalism, among other issues. His principles in summary were Utopian, republican, nationalist and anti-Catholic. He was at various times gaoled for debt and libel and was for some years deposed from the Christian ministry. His main legacies to the colony were in the area of immigration, where he worked to promote the settlement of skilled workers and, perhaps most importantly, in the field of education.
In 1831, with money raised as a loan from the British government the previous year, he established a Presbyterian high school in Sydney. Although this school, called the Australian College, lasted only until 1854 his activities on behalf of Presbyterian education broke down the monolith of Anglican-dominated education. It indirectly led to the setting up of Catholic schools and can be said to be responsible for the multi-system education structure in Australia.
In 1835 Lang started a weekly newspaper, the \IColonist,\i which quickly became one of the sources of the many libel actions against him. He was a prolific writer, his most important work being \IAn Historical and Statistical Account of New South Wales,\i published in London in 1834.
#
"Lang, John George",470,0,g,0
(1816-64)
John George Lang, Australia's first native author, was born in Sydney on 19th December 1816. He went to India in 1842 where most of his works were written. They included \IBotany Bay\i and \ITrue Stories of the Early Days of Australia.\i He died on 20th August 1864, aged 48.
#
"Lang, John Thomas (Jack)",471,"e\9\king0134.jpg","c","0"
(1876-1975)
\ILabor politician who was premier of New South Wales 1925-27 and 1930-32; dismissed by the governor, Sir Philip Game.\i
Lang was born in Sydney and became an auctioneer and real estate agent. He became a Labor member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly in 1913 and was treasurer 1920-22. He was chosen leader of the party in 1923 and won the 1925 election. His government introduced a number of welfare reforms, reduced working hours and improved workers' compensation provisions. His second period of government came at the height of the Depression.
His economic policies caused the split of the New South Wales Labor Party from the National Party, Lang being instrumental in the downfall of the Scullin government. At the centre of his plans were the non payment of interest on British loans and the reduction of interest payments on Australian ones. With public dissatisfaction growing, the governor, Sir Philip Game, decided to dismiss Lang's government in May 1932, shortly after the famous Harbour Bridge opening incident in which the ribbon was cut in advance of Lang by New Guard member Francis de Groot.
The faction fighting within the New South Wales Labor Party that Lang had fostered was healed during the 1930s. In 1939 he was replaced as leader by William McKell and in 1943 expelled from the Labor Party. Moving from the left to the right of the Labor movement, he represented his 'non-communist' Labor Party in parliament from 1946 to 1949.
He was readmitted to the Labor Party in 1971, by which time he was seen as the grand old man of politics rather than as the authoritarian politician who had, it is said, more than any other Australian politician aroused extremes of admiration and hatred.
\BDescription:\b Jack Lang \I(Jonathan King)\i
#
"Lanney, William",472,0,g,0
(1834-69)
William Lanney, the last full-blooded Tasmanian male Aborigine, known as King Billy, was born in Tasmania in 1834. He died on 3rd March 1869 aged 34; his wife \JTruganini\j, became the last living full-blooded Aborigine in Tasmania until she died in 1876.
#
"Lasseter, Harold Bell",473,"0","g","0"
(1880-1931)
\IPropagator of the story of a hugely rich gold reef in central Australia.\i
Lasseter was born near Meredith, Victoria, and lived in the United States from 1901 to 1908, being naturalised there. After his return to Australia he farmed at Tabulam in northern New South Wales and served briefly in the AIF in World War I before being discharged as unfit for military duties. From 1925 to 1930 he worked as a carpenter, including a period of employment on the Sydney Harbour Bridge.
In 1929 he claimed that he had, in about 1911, discovered a reef of gold which he estimated was about 11 kilometres long and about 3.5 metres wide, somewhere near the border of Western Australia and the Northern Territory. He later changed the date of the find to about 1897. Through the interest of John Bailey, president of the Sydney branch of the Australian Workers' Union, government help was eventually gained and in 1930 a well-equipped expedition led by Fred Blakeley, brother of the federal minister for home affairs, and accompanied by Lasseter, set out to search for the reef.
After two months nothing resembling a reef had been found and the official search was abandoned but Lasseter continued on, at first with a companion, then alone, when he disappeared. It is thought that his body was found and buried in the Petermann Range by members of a search party but this has never been definitely proved, nor has the authenticity of fragments of a diary purportedly written by him and found with the body, which claim that he found the reef.
These notes formed the basis of the romantic account of the story in Ion Idriess' \ILasseter's Last Ride\i (1931). At that time a rush of prospectors went to the area and, from time to time since, expeditions have gone out in unsuccessful search for the reef. In Fred Blakeley's opinion the reef never existed. This was borne out by the extensive research of Gerald Walsh for the \IAustralian Dictionary of Biography\i (1983) on which the above material is based. He argues that Lasseter had never been in central Australia before the 1930 expedition. It is possible that the scheme was suggested to Lasseter by stories of central Australian gold in earlier literature, such as \IThe Mine with the Iron Door\i (1923) by the American Harold Bell Wright, whose Christian names were adopted by Lasseter.
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"Latham, Sir John Greig",474,"0","g","0"
(1877-1964)
\INationalist/United Australia Party politician and judge who was chief justice of the High Court of Australia 1935-52.\i
John Latham was born in Melbourne and graduated from the University of Melbourne. He was admitted to the Victorian bar in 1904. After World War I he was a delegate to the Paris Peace Conference and was knighted in 1920. In 1922 he was elected to the House of Representatives. He was leader of the Nationalist opposition 1930-31 but stepped aside to allow \JJoseph Lyons\j to become leader of the United Australia Party and prime minister in 1931. Latham was attorney general and deputy prime minister in the Lyons government 1932-34 and in 1935 was appointed chief justice of the High Court. In politics and law he was a highly skilled administrator and a conservative.
In politics he supported anti-strike legislation and the reduction of wages and pensions as a Depression measure. As chief justice he would have judged valid the Communist Party Dissolution Act of 1950 but was outvoted by the other judges on the bench. In general, he strove to keep politics out of his judicial decisions, leading to an impression of excessive rationalism. He was chancellor of the University of Melbourne 1939-41 and after resigning from the High Court in 1952 was involved in several educational and philanthropic institutions.
#
"Latrobe, Charles",475,0,g,0
(1801-75)
Charles Latrobe, Australian administrator, was born Charles Joseph Latrobe in London on 20th march 1801. He was the first Governor of the Port Phillip colony (later Victoria) from 1st October 1839 until 1854. Educated in Switzerland, he later worked as a teacher in Manchester. He wrote a number of travel books and was a noted mountaineer. In 1837, he was sent to India to report on the dismantling of the slavery system. Then in 1839, Latrobe came to Australia where he imposed the goldfield licence tax which led to the Eureka Stockade at Ballarat. He left Victoria on 5th May 1854 and retired to England, where he died near Eastbourne, Sussex on 2nd December 1875, aged 73.
#
"Lauer, Tony",476,0,g,0
(1935- )
Tony Lauer, former New South Wales police commissioner, was born in Newcastle in New South Wales on 19th December 1935. He joined the police force in 1955 and in 1977 he wrote a strong report condemning SP bookmaking and racing identity George Freeman; as a result of this report he was transferred to the Blue Mountains. In 1986, he rose to chief superintendent in charge of the Criminal Investigation Branch and from 1988-90, assistant commissioner.
He appeared before a Royal Commission under Jack Lee into the circumstances surrounding the wrongful arrest of former police superintendent Harry Blackburn on charges of rape and other offences. He became police commissioner on 21st March 1991, and a short time later clashed with Police Minister Ted Pickering. In May 1994, the State announced a Royal Commission, and Lauer claimed the force was free of corruption. However, after months of revelations before the Royal Commission, he resigned on 15th January 1996.
#
"Law, Phillip Garth",477,"0","g","0"
(1912- )
\IScientist and Antarctic explorer.\i
Born and educated in Melbourne, Phillip Law lectured in physics at the University of Melbourne 1943-48; he then became leader of Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions and director of the Antarctic Division of the Department of External Affairs 1949-66. During this time he made many voyages to explore the coast of the Australian Antarctic Territory; the continental bases of Mawson, Davis and Casey were established during this period.
Since then he has been chairman of several committees on marine and Antarctic research and was president of the Royal Society of Victoria 1967-69. He was appointed Officer of the Order of Australia in 1975; his awards include the Founder's Medal of the Royal Geographical Society, London (1960) and the Gold Medal of the Australian Geographical Society (1988). His publications include \IAntarctic Odyssey\i (1983).
#
"Lawrence, Carmen",478,"0","g","0"
\I(1948 -)\i
Dr Carmen Lawrence was born in Morawa, 365 km north of Perth. Most of her schooling was completed in the country and she matriculated in 1964 with distinctions in six subjects, a General Exhibition for Academic Achievement and a Special Subject Exhibition in economics. She Graduated from the University of Western Australia as a Bachelor of Psychology with First Class Honours in 1968. Dr Lawrence won two scholarships for PhD studies in psychology and achieved her Doctorate of Philosophy in 1983. She tutored and lectured at the University of Western Australia, Curtin University and the University of Melbourne.
Dr Lawrence was elected Federal Member for Fremantle on 12 March 1994. She was appointed Minister for Human Services and Health, and Minister Assisting the Prime Minister for the Status of Women on 25 March 1994. Following the March 1996 Federal election, Carmen Lawrence's new position was Shadow Minister for Environment, Arts, and Shadow Minister Assisted to Leader on Status of Women.
Her parliamentary career began in 1986, when she won for the Australian Labor Party, the Legislative Assembly seat of Subiaco, held by the Liberal Party for the previous 27 years. She was promoted to the Ministry in 1988, in her first term of office, following two years as an active backbencher serving as Deputy Chairman of Committees and taking part in government and parliamentary committees. As Minister for Education she help steer Western Australia's education system through a major overhaul.
She was re-elected to Parliament in 1989 with increased responsibilities including the portfolio of Aboriginal Affairs. Dr Lawrence became Premier of Western Australian on 12 February 1990 making history as Australia's first woman Premier. Following Labor's defeat at the February 1993 State election, Dr Lawrence became the State's first women Opposition Leader. She also held the positions of Shadow Treasurer and Shadow Minister for Employment and Federal Affairs.
In April 1997 Carmen Lawrence stood down from the Front Bench when a court found her guilty on three counts of perjury relating to evidence given at the Marks Royal Commission in 1994.
\IThis information supplied courtesy of Minister for Health, Parliament House, Canberra.\i
#
"Laws, (Richard) John Sinclair",479,"e\9\jlaws.jpg","c","0"
(1935- )
\IRadio commentator noted for his talkback show, journalist and television host.\i
\JJohn Laws\j was born in New Guinea and educated in Sydney. He began his radio training in 1953 and worked on various Victorian country radio stations until 1957 when he joined 2UE in Sydney. Since that time he has become Australia's best known radio personality, mainly continuing to work on 2UE, though with some breaks on 2SM, 2UW and 2GB. In 1964 he began Australia's first talkback show and this morning program of counselling, discussion and argument, often controversial and according to some, offensive, has continued to have a huge following.
He has also been a newspaper columnist, hosted national television series, written books of poetry and sung and recorded albums of country music. He received the Radio Personality of the Year Award in 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980 and 1981, and in 1982 won a Logie Award for his television documentary series, \I\JJohn Laws\j World.\i The public influence of his media activities is discussed in a book by John Lyons, published in 1991, \ILaws: A Life in Power.\i
\BDescription:\b John Laws \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i.
#
"Lawson, Henry",480,"e\9\lawson.jpg","c","0"
(1867-1922)
\IWriter of verse and prose, most notably of Australian bush life; his short story collections include While the Billy Boils (1896) and Joe Wilson and his Mates (1901).\i
\JHenry Lawson\j was born in Grenfell, New South Wales, then a goldmining area, the eldest child of a Norwegian immigrant who anglicised his name from Larsen to Lawson and of \JLouisa Lawson\j. Soon after his birth the family moved to New Pipeclay (now Eurunderee) near Mudgee.
His mother, frustrated with the limitations of her marriage and of country life, left the home in 1883 and went to Sydney where Henry, who had become totally deaf, joined her. He then became part of the world of radical thinkers and social reformers that Louisa gathered around her, contributing political articles to one of her periodicals. He also began writing verse, including some of his best known bush ballads, like \IAndy's Gone with Cattle\i and \IThe Roaring Days,\i and his first short story, \IHis Father's Mate,\i appeared in the Sydney \IBulletin\i in 1888.
Rebelling against his mother's domination, he then travelled widely, to Western Australia, Brisbane and New Zealand, working for various magazines and in other jobs. In this period he wrote some of his major bush stories, including \IThe Drover's Wife\i and \IA Day on a Selection.\i A \IBulletin\i assignment in Bourke in the far west of New South Wales confirmed his impression of \IOut Back Hell\i and gave him a continuing theme for his stories.
In 1894 his mother published his first collection, \IShort Stories in Prose and Verse,\i and in 1895 he prepared two collections, one of prose \I(While the Billy Boils)\i and one of verse, for Angus & Robertson. He married in 1896 and in 1900 travelled with his family to London where he revised stories from earlier books to form \IThe Country I Come From\i (1901) and wrote the series of stories that was published as \IJoe Wilson and his Mates,\i also in 1901.
The family returned to Sydney in 1902 and Lawson and his wife separated. He became increasingly affected by alcoholism and depression and was a patient in various hospitals and mental homes, also spending periods in gaol because of failure to pay maintenance to his wife. He also made lengthy sojourns to the country where he continued to write productively. His later works include \IWhen I Was King and Other Verses\i (1905) and \IMy Army, O My Army!\i (1915). He died at Abbotsford and was given a state funeral.
There have been numerous editions of Lawson's work, plus critical and biographical studies of him, including Colin Roderick's \I\JHenry Lawson\j: A Life,\i published in 1991. Lawson has been regarded variously as the Australian national poet and as an alcoholic drifter with little poetic skill. Most modern critical opinion has downplayed the importance and worth of his poetry and concentrated on the authentic dramatisation of bush life in his short stories, their apparent simplicity the result of careful craftsmanship.
\BDescription:\b Henry Lawson \I(Jonathan King)\i
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"Lawson, Louisa (Louisa Albury)",481,"0","g","0"
(1848-1920)
\IJournalist, publisher and pioneer feminist who was instrumental in gaining suffrage for Australian women.\i
Born near Mudgee, New South Wales, \JLouisa Lawson\j has a place in Australian literary and social history beyond that of setting her famous son, \JHenry Lawson\j, along the path of his writing career. Escaping her father's rigid household, she married Neils Larsen (the name later anglicised to Lawson) at a young age. The marriage was unhappy and after seventeen years Louisa left for Sydney. With money gained through some short-lived publishing ventures with a partner, she established in 1888 the \IDawn,\i Australia's first feminist journal, which appeared monthly for the next seventeen years, 'edited, printed and published by women'.
In 1889 she set up the Association of Women which later joined up with \JRose Scott\j's Womanhood Suffrage League. It was through the \IDawn\i and \JLouisa Lawson\j's editorials that the issue of women's political rights reached a wide public. Advances in public recognition of women's political rights were reflected in the South Australian Constitution Act of 1894 and the New South Wales and Commonwealth Franchise Acts of 1902.
In 1894 Louisa published Henry's first collection of prose and verse but for most of her life they were estranged, Henry believing, however, that he had inherited his art from her. Growing financial problems led Louisa to close the \IDawn\i in 1905. She became increasingly isolated in her old age and died in Gladesville Hospital for the Mentally Ill.
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"Lawson, William",482,"0","g","0"
(1774-1850)
\IExplorer who crossed the \JBlue Mountains\j with Blaxland and Wentworth.\i
Born in England, Lawson arrived in Sydney in 1800 as a member of the New South Wales Corps. After Governor Bligh was deposed, he became aide de camp to Major George Johnston and in 1809 was sent to England to attend Johnston's trial; he returned to Sydney in 1811 before the trial was held.
He then joined \JGovernor Macquarie\j's 'veteran corps', formed out of New South Wales Corps members who wished to settle in the colony. In 1813 he joined \JGregory Blaxland\j and William Wentworth in the successful crossing of the \JBlue Mountains\j, contributing his knowledge of surveying and leaving a journal which records the venture in great detail. As a reward he was granted 400 hectares of land which he took up near Bathurst, where he was appointed commandant in 1819.
He made several exploratory trips in the area and is credited, with others including Wiliam Cox, in opening up the Mudgee district for settlement. He retired to his property in Prospect in 1824 and in 1843 became one of the first elected members of the Legislative Council.
#
"Lee, Jean",483,0,g,0
(1919-51)
Jean Lee, last woman hanged in Australia and former Sydney prostitute and Australian murderess, was born in Dubbo, NSW on 10th December 1919, the daughter of a railway ganger. She grew up in the Sydney suburb of Chatswood and at the age of 18 married 23-year-old wharf worker, Ray Rees, and the same year gave birth to their daughter Jillian. She was hanged for murder in Melbourne, Victoria on 19th February 1951, aged 31, becoming the last woman hung in Australia and the first woman hung in Australia since 1894.
Her accomplices, Robert Clayton and Norman Andrews, were also hanged for the murder of 73-year-old bootmaker William "Pop" Kent at his Carlton home after a failed "sting" to rob him in November 1949.
#
"Lee, Sophie",484,"e\9\sophiel.jpg","c","0"
Sophie Lee is a talented young lady who has appeared in many television, theatre and film productions. Sophie appeared in the AFI Award winning \IMuriel's Wedding\i early in 1995.
Television appearances includes \IHalifax f.p., Typhons People, RFDS\i and \IThe Flying Doctors\i. Theatre productions includes \IThe Judgement Of Helen, Summer Of The Seventeenth Doll, The Borgia Apartment\i and \ITanya & Kit\i.
Other work includes a Radio Drama program for ABC National called \IMarrying My Family\i.
Sophie has completed at various acting classes in Australia, such as Young Peoples Theatre, "2 'Til 5" Theatre, and Hunter Valley Theatre Company Workshops. In Sydney, the Australian Theatre For Young People (A.T.Y.P), The Actors' centre; Lindy Davies, Bill Pepper, Dean Carey, Kevin Jackson & Ros Gentle. In Melbourne, Playbox Theatre Workshops (Michael Gurr, Julia Moody).
\IThis information and photograph supplied courtesy of Barbara Leane & Associates Pty Ltd\i.
\BDescription:\b Sophie Lee \I(Barbara Leane & Associates Pty Ltd)\i
\IExplorer and naturalist who disappeared while on a expedition across the Australian continent.\i
Born in Brandenburg (later part of Germany), Leichhardt emigrated to New South Wales to follow up his interests in exploration and natural history, arriving in 1842. When his letter of introduction to surveyor general Thomas Mitchell did not lead to a definite appointment to an expedition, Leichhardt raised funds privately and in 1844 led his first expedition, from Brisbane to Port Essington near present day Darwin, where he arrived in 1845 after having lost one member of the group, killed by Aborigines.
The journey had taken over fourteen months and led to the recording of many areas for new European settlement. It also made Leichhardt a celebrity in Sydney when he arrived there after having been given up for lost. In 1846 he began a second expedition across the top of Australia, leaving from the Darling Downs, but was forced back the next year. His third expedition left in February 1848 from near the present site of Roma, Queensland, and aimed to cross the continent from east to west.
Leichhardt and his six companions disappeared and were never seen again in spite of numerous searches, including those of A. C. Gregory in 1855 and 1858. This last expedition was one of the inspirations for \JPatrick White\j's novel \IVoss.\i Leichhardt's story has also inspired several biographical and descriptive works, such as E.M. Webster's \IWhirlwinds in the Plain\i (1980).
\BDescription:\b Leichhardt after his return to Sydney, 1846 \I(Jonathan King)\i
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"Lennox, David",486,"0","g","0"
(1788-1873)
\IPioneer bridge builder in the colony of New South Wales; the bridge he completed at Lapstone in 1833 is the oldest stone bridge on the mainland of Australia.\i
Born in Scotland, David Lennox trained as a stonemason and worked on several bridge projects before emigrating to Australia in 1832. Soon after his arrival in Sydney he was appointed sub-inspector of bridges by Surveyor-General Thomas Mitchell. In 1833 he completed a bridge at Lapstone on the Bathurst road, which is now the oldest stone bridge on the mainland of Australia and is named after him. It was part of the main route from Sydney to the west until the road was moved in 1926 and was still in use as part of a side route until 1963.
Other constructions included the Lansdowne bridge over Prospect Creek, which is still in use, a bridge at Parramatta and Liverpool Dam. From 1844 to 1853 Lennox was superintendent of bridges at Port Phillip during which time he constructed a bridge over the Yarra, named Prince's Bridge, which was later demolished. He was known as a kindly supervisor of the convicts working on his projects. After his retirement he lived in Parramatta.
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"Leslie, Patrick",487,"0","g","0"
(1815-81)
\IPastoralist who pioneered the Darling Downs area.\i
Born in Scotland, Patrick came to Australia in 1835 and studied colonial agriculture with the Macarthurs at Camden. Joined by his two brothers, George and Walter, he decided to try out land north of the limits of settlement, already explored by \JAllan Cunningham\j. In 1840 he reached the Darling Downs and, accompanied only by one convict, explored new country along the Condamine River.
The Leslie brothers became the first Darling Downs settlers and remained the leading graziers there until the 1850s. Patrick was a member of the Queensland separatist movement and briefly had a seat in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly. After returning to Britain and then settling for a while in New Zealand, he retired to Sydney.
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"Lewers, Margo",488,"0","g","0"
(1908-78)
\IPainter, interior decorator, potter and fabric designer.\i
Born in Sydney as Margo Plate, she studied in Sydney under Dattilo Rubbo, and later Desiderius Orban, and in London at the Central School of Arts and Crafts in 1933. While in London both she and her husband, the noted sculptor and woodcarver, Gerald Francis Lewers (1905-62), were influenced by contemporary artists such as Henry Moore, Barbara Hepworth and Ben Nicholson. Back in Sydney from 1934, Margo Lewers became known as a fabric designer and painter. By 1959 she had become a leader of Sydney's avant-garde art scene. In 1963 she was one of four female painters represented in an exhibition of Australian art at the Tate Gallery, London.
Her work is characterised by richly coloured and textured abstracts, as in \IHere It Commenced\i (1968), a painting originally conceived as a tapestry design. After her death the Lewers' home and art collection in Penrith, to the west of Sydney, was donated by their family to the city of Penrith as the foundation of a regional gallery. Lewers is represented in the state galleries of New South Wales, Victoria and Western Australia.
#
"Lewis, Essington",489,"0","g","0"
(1881-1961)
\IMining engineer and company executive, noted as a long-serving chief general manager of BHP.\i
Born in Burra, South Australia, Lewis studied at the Adelaide School of Mines and in 1904 joined BHP at \JBroken Hill\j. He later became assistant manager at the company's smelters at Port Pirie, South Australia and was responsible for developing the deposits that provided the ironstone requirements for the Newcastle steelworks. The steelworks were begun in 1915 and Lewis transferred to Newcastle to supervise their construction. He became general manager of BHP, based in Melbourne, in 1921, chief general manager in 1938, and was responsible for a huge increase in annual steel production.
Believing that war was imminent, he lobbied for administrative preparedness; this was a factor in Australian industry being able to mobilise relatively quickly when World War II began in 1939. During the war he was seconded to government service and became director-general of munitions, director general of aircraft production and chairman of the Aircraft Advisory Committee. He remained as chief general manager of BHP until 1950, was chairman from 1950 to 1952 and was on the board of the company until his death.
#
"Lewis, Sir Terence",490,0,g,0
(1928- )
Sir Terrence Lewis, former disgraced Queensland Police Commissioner, was born in Queensland on 29th February 1928. After leaving school he worked for a time at the Main Roads Department and became a police cadet in 1948. He was later awarded a Churchill fellowship to study policing methods overseas. He received the George medal for gallantry after disarming and apprehending a man, and later won the Queen's police medal. He became police commissioner in November 1976 at the age of 48.
After a number of years of investigations in the Fitzgerald Inquiry, he eventually faced corruption charges. He was sentenced to 14 years jail on 5th August 1991 after being found guilty of 15 charges of accepting more than $600,000 dollars in bribes over an eight-year period. He became the first Police Commissioner to be jailed in Australia's history. He married his wife Hazel Gould on 19th April 1952 and has three sons and two daughters.
#
"Light, William",491,"e\9\light.jpg","c","0"
(1786-1839)
\ISoldier and surveyor who chose the site of Adelaide.\i
Born in Malaya and educated in England, \JWilliam Light\j served in the British navy and army, in which he achieved the rank of colonel. After coming into some family money and resigning from the army, he travelled in Europe and recruited officers for the new Egyptian navy. While in Egypt he met Captain John Hindmarsh, later the first governor of South Australia. As a result of this and the recommendation of General Sir Charles Napier, Light was appointed surveyor general of the proposed new colony.
He arrived in advance of the first group of settlers in 1836, charged with finding a site for settlement. He quickly decided on a site on an estuary in the Port Adelaide River about ten kilometres from the coast, surveyed the site and planned the layout of the centre of Adelaide. His mapping was done on the most modern principles of the time and allowed for the two centres of Adelaide and North Adelaide surrounded by a belt of parklands - the latter a feature of town planning ahead of its time.
Light then stood firm against \JGovernor Hindmarsh\j's efforts to relocate the settlement on the coast at Encounter Bay or Port Lincoln. This long conflict and the lack of government support hindered his further surveying of rural land. As a result he resigned in 1838, soon after which event Hindmarsh was recalled to London. Adelaide remained where it was, a decision which is thought to have secured the success of the colony. Light undertook some private surveying work but died of tuberculosis in Adelaide in 1839.
\BDescription:\b William Light \I(Jonathan King)\i.
#
"Lillye, Bert",492,0,g,0
(1919-96)
Bert Lillye, legendary Australian horseracing journalist, was born Albert John Lillye in Sydney on 9th July 1919. He grew up in Paddington where he became one of Australia's most respected writers on horseracing. After starting out with \ISmith's Weekly,\i he spent 13 years with the \ISydney Morning Herald\i before switching to the \IDaily Mirror\i for five years and then back to the \IHerald,\i where he retired on 16th July 1984. He lived by the motto that there was a story behind every stable door. Married to Bonnie, they had a son Merve and two daughters, Christine and Glenda. He died at his home in Wollongong on 18th February 1996, aged 76.
#
"Lindeman, Henry John",493,"0","g","0"
(1811-81)
\IPioneer viticulturist in the Hunter Valley region, New South Wales.\i
Born in England, Lindeman became a doctor and served as a naval surgeon before deciding to emigrate to Australia in 1840. He and his wife settled in the town of Gresford on the Paterson River in the Hunter Valley. He established a medical practice and in 1843 acquired a grant of crown land which he called Cawarra, meaning 'running water' in the local Aboriginal language. Having gained a knowledge of and interest in winemaking in visits to French and German wine districts, he followed the example of the pioneer of the Hunter Valley, James Busby, and developed his land into a winery.
Experimenting with a wide variety of grapes, he found Verdelho for the whites and Hermitage and Cabernet Sauvignon for the reds the most successful. As he was not dependent on wine production for his livelihood, he was able to allow his wines to mature slowly and reach high standards of quality.
In 1851 Lindeman had a large quantity of wine ready to be transported to the Victorian goldfields for sale when his cellars were destroyed by fire. He decided to go to the goldfields himself, working both as a miner and a doctor to rebuild his capital and re-establish Cawarra. While in Victoria he became convinced of the suitability of places like Rutherglen and Corowa for grape growing and he later bought property in these areas to establish further vineyards.
By 1870 he had set up storage and bottling facilities in Pitt Street, Sydney. He was an active propagandist for his product, arguing that the drinking of lighter table wines was more appropriate in the warm Australian climate than the consumption of the popular spirits and fortified wines and would 'check the moral and physical degeneration' that resulted from the latter. After his death his business was continued and expanded by his sons. Henry Lindeman was one of the most important contributors to the establishment of the Australian wine industry and its modern-day success.
#
"Lindsay, Norman Alfred William",494,"e\9\nlindsay.jpg","c","0"
(1879-1969)
\IArtist and writer, whose works include the children's book The Magic Pudding (1918).\i
\JNorman Lindsay\j was born in Creswick, Victoria, into a large family, many of whose members pursued artistic careers. Encouraged by his older brother Lionel, Norman moved to Melbourne after leaving school and worked as a newspaper illustrator. In 1901 he was offered a job as a cartoonist on the Sydney \IBulletin.\i This financed his other art work, which included pen drawings, etchings, watercolours and, from the 1920s, oil paintings. Most of his work was based on erotic fantasy centring around nude, big breasted nymphs and satyrs. His style showed the influence of an eclectic group of artists, including Rubens.
Though the target of regular attacks by moralist elements in society, including the Protestant churches, Lindsay's art was widely popular. He was also a prolific author, illustrating most of his books himself. He wrote a number of novels, three works on his theories of art and two very popular children's books, one of which, \IThe Magic Pudding\i (1918), has become a classic. In 1931 a police prosecution was begun against a special issue of the magazine \IArt in Australia\i devoted to his work.
At this time Lindsay went to the United States but soon returned, having received only limited recognition there and being convinced that his role was to be at the centre of a new creative golden age in Australia. His home at Springwood in the New South Wales \JBlue Mountains\j became a centre for visits by young writers and overseas celebrities. After his death it was bequeathed to the National Trust as a Lindsay museum. His work is represented in all state and many regional galleries in Australia.
Many other members of the Lindsay family have achieved note in the fields of art and literature. Norman's brother, Sir Lionel Arthur Lindsay (1874-1961), mentioned above, was an illustrator, printmaker and cartoonist who gained international fame for his wood engravings. He wrote several books on art, was a trustee of the Art Gallery of New South Wales for many years and was knighted in 1941.
Dame Joan Lindsay (1896-1984), the wife of another brother, was a painter and writer, chiefly known for the novel \IPicnic at Hanging Rock\i (1967), which was later filmed. Norman's eldest son Jack Lindsay (1900-90) moved to England in the 1920s where he gained a reputation as a novelist, historian, art critic and philosopher.
\BDescription:\b Norman Lindsay \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
#
"Litchfield, Hal",495,0,g,0
(1901-87)
Hal Litchfield, the last of the pioneer aviators, was born in 1901. He taught Smithy and Charles Ulm how to navigate by night, prior to their crossing of the Pacific. They offered him the job of navigator but he declined due to work commitments. He was later offered the job of navigator on the Southern Cross and was one of the team that circumnavigated Australia for the first time in August 1928.
A month later they flew across the Tasman to make the first successful crossing to New Zealand, and flew back on October 14th to Richmond in NSW to complete the double crossing of the Tasman for the first time. In March 1929, they set off to fly to England but came down in north-western Australia after battling a ferocious storm and running out of fuel after 28 hours of flying. Smith and the crew were found two weeks later. Hal died at his Gold Coast home on 21st April 1987, aged 86.
#
"Littlejohn, Bill",496,0,g,0
(1920-94)
Doctor Bill Littlejohn, an Australian torpedo officer and caring surgeon, was born William Euan Ironside Littlejohn in Melbourne on 14th July 1920. As a Navy officer during WWII, he was trapped aboard the British HMS \ITuna\i for 36 hours in a Norwegian Fjord, when at the 11th hour the tide came in and the sub was freed from its rocky ledge and drifted to safe waters.
He served on the HMS \IShakespeare\i and was second in command aboard the HMS \IThrasher,\i and by the time he was 23 he returned to Norway to command the \IShakespeare\i for which he was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross. He was the youngest commander of a British submarine and one of only five Australians who became commanders in the Royal Navy. After studying at Melbourne's Scotch College where his grandfather was headmaster, he decided to become a doctor.
He was appointed as naval aide to the Governor of Victoria, Sir Dallas Brooks, and served successive governors for over 20 years and was honorary physician to Government House. He was a trustee of Melbourne's Shrine of Remembrance for 32 years. He died from cancer at Melbourne's Freemasons Hospital on 22nd September 1994, aged 74.
Stuart Littlemore joined the Australian Broadcasting Corporation in 1962.
After completing his cadetship with the ABC, he went to the BBC in London where he worked as a director/writer for news and current affairs, for two years.
He then spent several years freelancing in Europe and the South Pacific before returning to Australia in 1968.
Stuart's first job on his return was presenter for Australia's first morning television program, \IToday,\i on Channel 9.
He later joined Channel 10, working on current affairs and documentaries as well as freelancing for the BBC's \IPanorama\i and other current affairs programs.
Stuart rejoined the ABC in 1970, working on \IThis Day Tonight\i and \IFour Corners. \i
In 1973 he left \IFour Corners\i and freelanced - making documentaries and teaching Journalism at the Mitchell College of Advanced Education and the NSW Institute of Technology. He also taught portable video use to urban Aborigines for the Film and Television School's Open Program and instructed regional journalists in camera and presentation technique.
In 1975/76, Stuart presented the ABC-TV cinema program \IFlicks.\i At this time he also took a Law Degree. He narrated a variety of documentaries for the ABC and has appeared in two feature films, \IMonkey Movers\i and \IDismissal.\i
For more than a decade Littlemore has been a prominent barrister at the Sydney bar. He was made a QC in 1993.
\IMedia watch,\i which began in 1989, is his latest involvement with the ABC.
\IThis information and photograph supplied courtesy of ABC.\i
\BDescription:\b Stuart Littlemore \I(ABC)\i
#
"Llewellyn-Jones, Derek",498,0,g,0
(1918-)
Professor Derek Llewellyn-Jones, Australian gynaecologist and writer, was born in England on 29th April 1918. He worked at Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia for 14 years, and came to Australia as Professor of Gynaecology and Obstetrics at Sydney University. His best selling book, \IEverywoman,\i went into its fourth print in 1985, and has been published in 16 languages.
#
"Long, Sydney",499,"0","g","0"
(1871-1955)
\IPainter and etcher known particularly for idyllic Australian landscapes.\i
Born near Goulburn in New South Wales, Long studied art at night classes conducted by the Royal Art Society. He then studied under \JJulian Ashton\j and during this period painted \ITranquil Waters\i (1894), exhibited in the annual exhibition of the Art Society of New South Wales and purchased from the exhibition by the New South Wales Art Gallery.
The painting caused a stir in art circles, not only because it was considered quite an accomplished work for one so young, but also because of the questions of morality raised by painting naked figures in a naturalistic Australian setting. It was the first of a series of idyllic and distinctively Australian landscapes which were often, as in \IThe Spirit of the Plains\i (1897), populated with figures from classical mythology. In 1907 Long joined \JJulian Ashton\j as an assistant teacher at the Sydney Art School.
He went to London in 1910 and studied for three years at the Kensington Art School, after which he studied etching. He was a founding member of the London Society of Graphic Art, an associate of the Royal Society of Painters, Etchers and Engravers and a member of the Royal British and Colonial Society of Artists. He returned to Australia in 1925. He was awarded the Wynne Prize for landscape painting in 1938 and 1940. His work is represented in the Australian \JNational Gallery\j, \JCanberra\j, and all state galleries.
#
"Lonsdale, William",500,0,g,0
(1799-1864)
William Lonsdale, English soldier and Australian administrator, was born in England on 2nd October 1799. He arrived in Australia as an Army Lieutenant in 1831 and became the first administrator of Port Phillip from 1836-39. After being a member of the original governing body of Melbourne University, he carried out Victoria's first Census and returned to England in 1854. He died in England on 28th March 1864, aged 64.
#
"Lowey, Frank",501,0,g,0
(1930- )
Frank Lowey, Australian businessman and chairman of Westfield Shopping Centres, was born in Czechoslovakia on 22nd October 1930. He came to Australia after WWII and set up a delicatessen partnership with Hungarian refugee John Saunders. The pair later established the Westfield Shopping Centre empire. However Saunders sold his interests in the group in 1987 when Lowey pursued his interest to purchase the Ten Network from Rupert Murdoch. Within two years Lowey's Westfield group had lost over $700 million on the venture into media and he finally sold out.
#
"Luck, Peter",502,"e\9\pluck.jpg","c","0"
Peter Luck, host of Channel SevenÆs top rating nostalgia series \IWhere Are They Now?\i and the current affairs program \IToday Tonight,\i has presented and produced a lot of AustraliaÆs major current affairs programs, including \IThis Day Tonight, Four Corners, Sunday, Hinch,\i and \IInside Edition.\i
Producer/presenter of \IBicentennial Minutes...A Time to Remember, This Fabulous Century\i and \IThe Australians,\i he has been a familiar figure in press, radio, television and magazines for 30 years in a wide variety of roles including executive producer, producer, reporter, columnist, photographer and cartoonist. His \IBicentennial Minutes\i series was unique in Australian TV history - 266 separate mini documentaries shot on 350 locations which ran throughout 1988 on the Seven Network. In 1995 Peter produced for Nine the stunningly successful \I50 Fantastic Years\i specials and \ISalute to Australians at War\i minutes to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the end of World War II. In 1996 he rejoined the Seven Network to help create and present \IWhere Are They Now?\i which became one of the big successes of the 1996 television season.
The books which Peter produced to accompany \IThis Fabulous Century\i and \IBicentennial Minutes - A Time to Remember\i have sold more than 250,000 copies. Luck is also the author of six other books relating to various aspects of Australiana. He is currently a TV critic with the \ISydney Sun-Herald.\i His last best-seller was \IAustralian Icons\i which was accompanied by a popular exhibition at SydneyÆs Hyde Park Barracks.
Luck was a member of the original \IThis Day Tonight\i team in the 60s, which included Bill Beach, Gerald Stone and Mike Willesee. He helped set the pattern for the nightly current affairs shows which Australians now regard as part of their way of life. He has also been a reporter on ABC TVÆs \IFour Corners\i and for two years, was executive producer of Channel NineÆs \ISunday\i program. He has compared \IThe Hinch Summer Series\i and \INewsworld\i for Channel Seven, as well as \IGood Morning Australia\i for the Ten Network. His last documentary, for the Ten Network was about the life and times of John F. Kennedy.
In his three decades as a journalist, Peter has been a reporter, feature writer, columnist, cartoonist and best selling author. In 1972, he was awarded a Churchill Fellowship to study advanced film production techniques in England, France, Sweden and the United States. His documentaries on Joern Utzon, designer of SydneyÆs Opera House, and the Aboriginal murderer and author, Kevin Gilbert, were both highly commended at the Cannes Film Festival.
Peter is best known, however, as a popular historian. In 1979, he was executive producer, co-writer and presenter of \IThis Fabulous Century\i a 36-part television series, which told the story of Australia in the 20th century using archival film and interviews with 300 significant Australians. The series topped the ratings for nearly a year, and won a Logie in 1980. Peter also produced and presented the opening night block-buster for AustraliaÆs multicultural television network, SBS. The program, \IWho Are We?\i traced the history of immigration in Australia.
Peter Luck Productions (Australia) Pty Ltd has made numerous short films, including \IA Salute to Australian Television,\i produced for screening at the Bicentennial Conference of the Federation of Australian Commercial Television Stations held in Los Angeles, two films on the role of AustraliaÆs National Film and Sound Archive and a film about the role of the National Maritime Museum which was presented to the American President, Ronald Reagan, in 1988.
There are few jobs in the media that Peter has not done. His radio recollections range from being news editor of 5AD on the morning President Kennedy was shot, to hosting the popular ôPL on BLö for ABC radio 2BL in 1989-90. During 1989 he also made daily news commentaries for radio 2SM. For seven years Luck wrote the popular TV critique \IFifth Column\i for the \IPink Guide\i in \IThe Sydney Morning Herald.\i As well as his serious works, Peter has written and produced, with Michael Carlton, an LP record \IAnd the Word Was Gough\i which satirised the political history of modern Australia. Peter Luck lives with his wife Penny, and children Anthony and Anna, in the Sydney suburb of Balmain.
\I(Text and photograph supplied courtesy of Peter Luck Productions (Australia) Pty Ltd)\i
\IPolitician who was one of the first two women to be elected to the House of Representatives (1943).\i
Born Enid Burnell in Leesville, Tasmania, she became a teacher and in 1915 married the future prime minister, \JJoseph Lyons\j, who was then minister for education in the Tasmanian government. Though they had twelve children, she was active in public life and influential in her husband's formation of the United Australia Party.
In 1943, four years after her husband's death, she won the federal seat of Darwin, Tasmania, for the United Australia Party, becoming one of the first two women members of the House of Representatives. She became the first woman member of the Cabinet when she was appointed vice president of the Executive Council in 1949.
Ill health forced her to retire from parliament in 1951 but she continued her public life as a member of the ABC Board of Control and an honorary Fellow of the College of Nursing. She published three books which combine autobiographical and political material, including \IAnd So We Take Comfort\i (1965). She was made a Dame of the British Empire in 1937 and a Dame of the Order of Australia in 1980.
\BDescription:\b Dame Enid Lyons with her husband Joseph \I(Jonathan King)\i
#
"Lyons, Joseph Aloysius",504,"e\10\king0142.jpg","c","0"
(1879-1939)
\IPolitician who was a Labor premier of Tasmania and was United Australia Party prime minister 1932-39.\i
Born in Circular Head in north western Tasmania, Lyons became a school teacher. He won his local state seat for Labor in 1909 and was premier from 1923 to 1928. In 1929 he moved into federal politics, becoming a member of the ill-fated Scullin ministry. In early 1931 he resigned because of differences within the government. Having a cautious and methodical outlook, he believed that the economic circumstances of the Depression called for strict cutbacks, even at the cost of hardship. With a group of followers he joined the Nationalists to form the United Australia Party with himself as leader.
He became prime minister and treasurer later in 1931 when Labor was defeated at the polls. He drastically cut federal spending and was fortunate that this appeared to be rewarded by an economic upswing after 1932. In spite of some of his colleagues' suspicions of his former Labor connections, he remained leader after the formation of a coalition with the Country Party in 1934, his hard-working, sincere image appealing to the public. He died in office in 1939.
\BDescription:\b Joseph Lyons \I(Jonathan King)\i
#
"Macarthur, John",505,"e\10\king0156.jpg","c","0"
(1766-1834)
\IPastoralist and soldier, one of the most influential people in the early days of the colony of New South Wales and prominent in the development of sheep breeding.\i
Macarthur was born in England. He joined the British army in 1782 and in 1789 transferred to the New South Wales Corps, arriving in Port Jackson in 1790 with the Second Fleet. In 1793, by which time he had been granted 40 hectares of land near Parramatta, he was appointed inspector of public works. He used the power this position gave him over the labour supply to become the leading trader in the colony.
He was also active in farming, particularly in the breeding of Merino sheep for wool. Macarthur soon became one of the most powerful men in the colony and successive governors found themselves in opposition to him when they tried to limit the privileges and trading activities of the officers of the New South Wales Corps.
In 1801 he was relieved of his duties in the Corps and sent back to England after he wounded his commanding officer in a duel. In England he showed wool merchants samples of his wool which was so favourably received that he returned to New South Wales with instructions from the British government that he be granted a further 2,000 hectares of land. This he selected west of Sydney and named Camden Park (the site of the present Camden). There he and his wife Elizabeth (1767?-1850) bred the flocks which have given him the reputation of founder of Australia's wool industry.
His conflict with the administration of the colony continued and he was the leader of the group opposed to Governor Bligh. Bligh's arrest of Macarthur on a charge of anti-government incitement in 1807 triggered the Rum Rebellion, during which Macarthur was released and Bligh deposed by the New South Wales Corps led by George Johnston. Macarthur was the virtual ruler of the colony until the arrival of Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Foveaux in 1808.
He was banned from the colony from 1809 until 1817. During this time his wife developed the Merino flock at Camden and Parramatta while in London her husband studied wool types and ways of establishing Australian wool on the London market, also visiting Europe to investigate the wine industry. He was allowed to return to Sydney in 1817 on condition that he take no part in public affairs. Though usually on uneasy terms with the authorities, he did continue to have a wide influence, particularly via the inquiry of Commissioner Bigge, to whom Macarthur became an unofficial adviser.
He was also involved in the founding of several institutions, including the Australian Agricultural Company, the Australian Bank and the Sydney Public Free Grammar School. He was a member of the Legislative Council from 1829 to 1832, when Governor Bourke had him removed on the grounds that he had been 'pronounced a lunatic'. After his death in 1834 his sons continued to develop the Macarthur flocks and to publicise Australian fleeces.
\BDescription:\b John Macarthur \I(Jonathan King).\i
#
"McAuley, James Phillip",506,"0","g","0"
(1917-76)
\IPoet and critic who founded the literary and current affairs periodical Quadrant.\i
Born in Sydney, McAuley gained recognition for his poetry while studying at the University of Sydney. After short periods as a teacher and as a lieutenant with the Army Directorate of Research, in 1946 he became a lecturer in government at the Australian School of Pacific Administration. He made many visits to New Guinea and became an internationally recognised scholar on Oceania. From 1961 to his death he was professor of English at the University of Tasmania.
McAuley was a perpetrator of the 'Ern Malley hoax' of 1944, when poems written in the avant-garde style in one afternoon by himself and another young poet were sent, under the fictional name of Ern Malley, to Max Harris of \IAngry Penguins\i magazine and accepted as the genuine work of a recently deceased poet. The intention was to satirise modernist poetry, but the Ern Malley verses have since gained a place in Australian literature in their own right. McAuley's first volume of verse, \IUnder Aldebaran,\i published in 1946, established him as one of Australia's leading poets.
Other volumes of poetry include \IA Vision of Ceremony\i (1956), the epic narrative \ICaptain Quiros\i (1964) and \ITime Given: Poems 1970-74\i (1976). In 1956 he was founding editor of \IQuadrant\i and he published several critical works including \IThe End of Modernity\i (1959) and \IThe Personal Element in Australian Poetry\i (1970). \IA World of Its Own,\i a volume of poems about eastern Tasmania, was published posthumously in 1978. Considered by many to be arch-conservative, his poetry is elegant and precise in the classical style, his later volumes including autobiographical lyrics.
#
"McBride, William Griffith*",507,"0","g","0"
(1927- )
\IGynaecologist and medical scientist who discovered that thalidomide taken during pregnancy causes birth defects.\i
Born in Sydney, \JMcBride\j graduated in medicine from the University of Sydney in 1950 and became an honorary obstetrician and gynaecologist at Crown Street Women's Hospital and St George Hospital. In a 1961 paper on \IThe Teratogenic Action of Thalidomide\i he was the first to confirm the link between limb deformities in newborn babies and thalidomide, a morning sickness drug taken in early pregnancy.
This discovery brought international recognition and an award from the French Academy in 1971. The prize money was used to establish Foundation 41, a research centre for the study of the first 41 weeks of life. He was an adviser to the World Health Organisation on the safety of oral contraceptives and was the first to develop a serial type contraceptive pill. He was appointed Officer of the Order of Australia in 1977.
In 1988 the New South Wales Department of Health initiated an enquiry into allegations of fraud relating to \JMcBride\j's later work linking another anti-nausea drug, Debendox, with birth defects. The damage to \JMcBride\j's reputation resulting from the continuation of this inquiry led to the closing of Foundation 41 in 1991.
#
"MacCallum, Sir Mungo William",508,"0","g","0"
(1854-1942)
\IScholar who was the first professor of modern literature at the University of Sydney.\i
Born in Scotland, MacCallum was educated in Glasgow and at the universities of Leipzig and Berlin, becoming professor of English literature and history at the University College of Wales (1879-86). In 1887 he was appointed to the new chair of modern literature at the University of Sydney. After his retirement in 1920 he was warden (dean) of the faculty of arts, vice-chancellor of the university (1925-27), deputy chancellor (1928-34) and chancellor (1935-36).
During this long academic life he gained an international reputation in English literature studies, with works such as Shakespeare's \IRoman Plays and Their Background\i (1910) and was influential in the development of the University of Sydney and in the wider intellectual life of New South Wales. He was chairman of the trustees of the Public Library of New South Wales (1906-12) and foundation president of the Australian English Association (1923-42). He was knighted for services to education in 1926.
His grandson, Mungo Ballardie MacCallum (1913- ), became a noted writer, journalist and television producer and interviewer. He produced the opening night of television for the ABC in 1956. He was television and book critic for \INation\i and has written novels and poetry.
Mungo Wentworth MacCallum (1941- ), the great grandson of Sir Mungo William MacCallum, is a journalist and satirical writer. His publications include \IMungo's \JCanberra\j\i (1977).
#
"McClelland, Jim",509,0,g,0
(1915- )
"Diamond" Jim McClelland, former Australian Labor Party politician and author, was born James Robert McClelland in Melbourne on 3rd June 1915. He served in the RAAF during WWII and in 1946 he worked as a builder's labourer and ironworker. He became a Senator in 1970 and a Minister in 1975. He served as a judge of the New South Wales Industrial Court in 1978, and in 1980 was appointed a judge of the Land and Environment Court. In 1984 he presided over the Maralinga investigation, which inquired into the atomic testing in the Australian desert in the 1950s.
He married his first wife Nora in 1947, then divorced her, and married his second wife Freda on 20th December 1968, to whom he had a son and a daughter. She died in 1976, and he married Gillian Appleton in 1978. His books include \IStirring the Possum,\i and \IAn Angel Bit the Bride.\i
#
"McCubbin, Frederick",510,"0","g","0"
(1855-1917)
\IPainter known especially for scenes of early settlers in the bush; joint founder of the Heidelberg School.\i
Frederick \JMcCubbin\j was born in Melbourne. While working as a coach painter he studied drawing at the evening classes of the Artisans' School of Design in Carlton, and later studied painting and drawing at the \JNational Gallery\j School. After his father's death in 1875 he was obliged to take over the running of the family bakery, but was able to resume his studies in 1877.
He drew inspiration for his work from the sagas of pioneer colonial life - in literature similar themes were being explored by \JHenry Lawson\j and \JBanjo Paterson\j. With \JTom Roberts\j and Louis Abrahams, \JMcCubbin\j set up the first artist's camp at Box Hill, outside Melbourne, and in so doing laid the foundations of the Heidelberg School, which became known for painting in a distinctively Australian style using the methods of the French Impressionists.
His paintings were often sombre or tragic in subject - \IThe Lost Child\i (1886), \IA Bush Burial\i (1890) and \IOn the Wallaby Track\i (1896) are concerned more with creating a mood than with the effects of light and shadow. They are characterised by large scale compositions of carefully posed figures set against a sunless bush, such as in the triptych \IThe Pioneer\i (1904). His later works, such as \IThe Pool\i (1907), show a greater interest in atmospheric effects. \JMcCubbin\j's works are found in all major state galleries and in the Australian \JNational Gallery\j.
#
"McCullough, Colleen Margaretta",511,"0","g","0"
(1937- )
\IAuthor of popular novels including The Thorn Birds (1977).\i
Born in Wellington, New South Wales, McCullough became a neurophysiologist, training in Sydney and working in London before being employed in the neurological research laboratories of Yale Medical School in the United States for ten years from 1967. While there she began writing and published her first novel, \ITim,\i in 1974.
Her second novel, \IThe Thorn Birds,\i a long, colourful family saga set in northern New South Wales, was selected by the United States Literary Guild and became a record breaking best seller. Further works include \IAn Indecent Obsession\i (1981) and \IThe First Man in Rome\i (1990). Both \ITim\i and \IAn Indecent Obsession\i have been filmed and \IThe Thorn Birds\i was made into a television series in an adaptation of which McCullough did not approve. She has lived on Norfolk Island since 1979.
#
"MacDougall, Jim",512,0,g,0
(1903-95)
Jim MacDougall, Australian journalist, was born in Brisbane on 25th August 1903 and was educated in Melbourne, where he started working for the \IMelbourne Herald\i in 1924. He was the first person to do a radio interview between Sydney and Melbourne on 3LO in 1925. After WWII, he joined the \ISydney Sun\i as its front page columnist in 1949, and over the years wrote more than 10,000 columns for \IThe Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Daily Mirror,\i and \IThe Australian.\i
He was honoured with an OBE in 1969 and a CBE five years later. He married his wife Olive in 1932 and they had one son. Jim died in Sydney on 25th August 1995, aged 92.
#
"McEwen, Sir John (Jack)",513,"0","g","0"
(1900-80)
\ICountry Party politician who was deputy prime minister of Australia 1958-71 and caretaker prime minister for three weeks 1967-68.\i
Born in Chiltern, Victoria, McEwen was a World War I soldier settler who became a prosperous dairy farmer in the Goulburn Valley district of Victoria. He was actively involved with the Victorian Farmers' Union and the Country Party during the 1920s and entered the federal parliament in 1934. A shrewd politician, known as 'Black Jack', he was minister for commerce in coalition governments under \JRobert Menzies\j from 1949.
In 1956 he reorganised his portfolio into the Department of Trade and used this as a base from which to promote Country Party policies on primary and secondary industry within the government. From 1958 he was leader of the Country Party and Deputy Prime Minister. With the sudden death of \JHarold Holt\j in December 1967 he became caretaker prime minister for three weeks until the Liberals chose \JJohn Gorton\j as their new leader, a choice influenced by McEwen who vetoed William \JMcMahon\j as a candidate. He retired from politics in 1971 and was knighted the same year.
#
"McGeoch, Rod",514,"e\10\rmcgeoch.jpg","c","0"
To win the right to host a modern Olympic Games is a feat which might fairly be compared to planting a flag on Mount Everest or at the South Pole. It's hard a slog in any weather.
As is now universally known, the Olympic flag will fly over Sydney in 2000 and Rod McGeoch has earned acclaim for leading the team which succeeded in this great adventure.
Rod's role in the Sydney Olympics 2000 bid revealed the qualities for which he is now renowned: inspirational leadership, presence, eloquence and an unwavering commitment to achieving great goals.
Those qualities have long been evident during an outstanding legal career, culminating in his appointment as National Chairman of Partners of Corrs Chambers Westgarth, one of the biggest law firms in Australia.
Rod McGeoch has also been prominent in the profession's representative bodies, becoming President of the Law Society of New South Wales in 1984 and Chairman of the College of Law in 1987.
He is an active sportsman who has developed an encyclopedic knowledge of Olympic and other world sporting competition.
He maintains a role in planning the 2000 Olympics as a board member of the Sydney Organising Committee for the Olympic Games (SOCOG).
Rod McGeoch was made a Member of the Order of Australia in 1990.
\IThis information and photograph supplied courtesy of Harry M. Miller & Co. Management.\i
\BDescription:\b Rod McGeoch \I(Harry M. Miller & Co. Management)\i
#
"McGilvray, Alan",515,0,g,0
(1909-96)
Alan McGilvray, former New South Wales cricketer and ABC radio cricket broadcaster, was born in Sydney in 1909, the son of a shoemaker. After attending Sydney Grammar, he went into the family's shoe factory at Belmore. He played first class cricket from 1932-36 and was New South Wales captain from 1935-36, retiring as a player at the end of the 1936-37 season. He made 684 runs at 24.42 and bowled 20 wickets at 56.75.
In 1937, he began his radio career with the ABC by narrating "synthetic" broadcasts in the 1938 Ashes Tests against England. He was stationed in the Sydney studios where he was handed information through the wire service every 60 seconds. He would then simulate the sound of the bat striking the ball by hitting a pencil onto a block of wood, and adlib until the next score arrived by wire. He served in Darwin during WWII and worked for the ABC for 50 years until he retired in 1985 after calling more than 100 Tests.
He was awarded an MBE in 1974, an AM in 1980, and the Advance Australia Award in 1985, all for services to broadcasting. His only mistake was in 1961 when he left the Gabba early to catch a plane to Sydney and missed the famous tied Test between Australia and the West Indies; he never left a match early again. His wife Gwen died in 1972 and he died in Sydney's St. Vincents Hospital on 17th July 1996, aged 86.
#
"McKay, Hugh Victor*",516,"0","g","0"
(1865-1926)
\IInventor of agricultural machinery who developed the Sunshine harvester which was patented in 1885.\i
Born in Raywood, Victoria, McKay worked as a youth on his father's small farming property and there worked on the idea of developing a machine that could strip, thresh, clean and bag grain in one continuous operation. He was familiar with the stripper already developed by \JJohn Ridley\j and with the many earlier attempts that had been made to develop a combined stripper and winnower. Working with his father Nathaniel and brother John, he completed a working model of his idea in 1884 and this, named the Sunshine Harvester, was patented in 1885. Other harvesters had already been patented but McKay's was the first to go into commercial production, enabled by an award from the Victorian government. Production started at \JBallarat\j in 1891 and in 1906 the factory was relocated to Braybrook, later renamed Sunshine.
The Harvester Judgment of 1907, which established the principle of a basic wage, originated from McKay's application to the Commonwealth Arbitration Court to declare his privately determined wage rates 'fair and reasonable'. His factory, which he controlled until his death, became the largest maker of agricultural implements in the Southern Hemisphere, with exports to South America, Canada, Russia and the United States.
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"McKell, Sir William John",517,"0","g","0"
(1891-1985)
\ILabor politician who was premier of New South Wales 1941-47 and governor-general of Australia 1947-53.\i
Born in Pambula, New South Wales, \JWilliam McKell\j was apprenticed as a boilermaker and was active in the Boilermakers' Union before being elected to the New South Wales parliament as the Labor member for Redfern in 1917. He was a member of the ministry from 1920, including being minister of justice 1925-27 and 1931-32. During this time he also studied law and practised as a barrister. He replaced \JJack Lang\j as Labor leader and leader of the opposition in 1939 and was premier and treasurer 1941-47. He combined a committed war effort with social reform, his moderate style proving electorally popular. In 1947 he was appointed governor-general by Prime Minister Chifley. He was knighted in 1951.
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"McLeay, Leo",518,0,g,0
(1945- )
Leo McLeay, Australian Labor Party politician and former speaker, was born at Marrickville in Sydney on 24th October 1945. He started out in 1962 as a Telecom technician and in 1971 became an alderman for the Marrickville Council. He married teacher Janice Delaney in 1969 and served as State organiser and assistant secretary of the New South Wales branch of the ALP from 1976 until 1979, when he was elected to Federal Parliament in the Sydney seat of Grayndler.
In 1992, he received his party's nomination for the newly formed seat of Watson. He served as speaker of the House of Representatives from 29th August 1989 until he resigned as speaker on 5th February 1993 following a compensation inquiry.
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"McMullen, Jeff",519,"0","g","0"
Jeff McMullen joined the \I60 Minutes\i team in November 1984 after 18 years as one of the top foreign correspondents for the ABC.
Sydney-born, he completed a Bachelor of Arts degree and won a Commonwealth scholarship for a year of special media studies in 1970.
McMullen was the youngest correspondent sent overseas for the ABC and at 18 was reporting from Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia and India.
In 1972, McMullen began 12 years as the ABC's New York and Washington correspondent, covering the biggest political story in contemporary American politics - the Watergate scandal - including Richard Nixon's impeachment proceedings and resignation from the White House.
McMullen spent two years as wandering overseas reporter for \IFour Corners,\i producing his own hour-long documentaries in the USSR, USA, Europe and South America. He was awarded a United Nations Media Peace Prize for a trilogy of documentaries from the war zones of Central America.
McMullen is internationally recognised with many world scoops to his credit. He broke the news to the world that an Australian news team had been murdered by Indonesian troops in Timor. He also broke the story on the KGB's secret interrogation of Americans captured in Vietnam and the subsequent execution of some POWs. CBS-60 Minutes aired his exclusive interviews with the Rajneeshi Baghwan and his runaway Queen, Sheela. His film reports have aired on most of the major television networks around the world.
McMullen has continued his love affair with foreign stories, and as Eastern Europe changed, he filed reports from Hungary, Poland, East Germany, Bulgaria and has been filming in the Soviet Union for almost 20 years. In another exclusive interview in early 1991, the former Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnaze correctly predicted the infamous Moscow coup against President Gorbachev.
After 26 years of reporting, McMullen has interviewed some of the world's best and brightest men and women. A few of the unforgettable conversations: John Lennon, Ray Charles, Stevie Wonder, Cher, Sting and Paul Hogan. There were memorable profiles of outstanding women including Gloria Steinem, Ms Lillian Carter and the Nicaraguan revolutionary, Nora Astorga. McMullen has interviewed numerous political leaders, presidents and royalty. Among them the late President Salvador Allende of Chile; one of the world's richest men, the late Vice President Nelson Rockefeller; President Jimmy Carter; Australian Prime Ministers Malcolm Fraser and Bob Hawke; Sir Joh Bjelke-Petersen; John Howard; Andrew Peacock and the now famous interviews with the ex-wife and family of John Hewson.
\IThis information supplied courtesy of TCN Channel Nine Pty Ltd.\i
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"McNicol, David",520,0,g,0
(1914- )
David McNicol, Australian journalist, was born at Geelong in Victoria on 1st December 1914, the son of a high school teacher. A former journalist with the \ISydney Morning Herald\i and the \Itelegraph,\i and a WWII correspondent, he hosted a television show in the early 60s called \IMeet the Press.\i A confidant of the late Sir Frank Packer, he later worked as a feature journalist on the \IBulletin\i magazine. His biography published in 1979 is called \ILuckÆs a Fortune.\i
\IPoet whose best known work is 'My Country' (1908).\i
Born in Sydney, the daughter of a well known physician and sociologist, \JDorothea Mackellar\j studied at the University of Sydney. Through her family connections she moved in elite social and intellectual circles in Sydney and London, where she made frequent visits.
While at a family property north of Maitland in New South Wales, she wrote the poem originally called 'Core of My Heart', inspired by witnessing the breaking of a drought. It was published in the \ISpectator\i in London in 1908 and reprinted in many Australian newspapers. Its second stanza, with the opening line 'I love a sunburnt country', soon became Australia's best known piece of lyric verse, taught to generations of schoolchildren. A revised version, named 'My Country', was included in Mackellar's first volume of poems, \IThe Closed Door\i (1911). Her other publications included three further collections of verse and some romantic novels. In 1971, a collection of her poems was published posthumously as \IThe Poems of \JDorothea Mackellar\j.\i
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"MacKillop, Mary Helen",522,"0","g","0"
(1842-1909)
\INun and teacher whose impending canonisation will make her Australia's first saint.\i
Born in Melbourne into a large and poor family of Scottish descent, MacKillop became a governess and taught in Portland, Victoria, from 1862 to 1865. She then, in association with Father Julian Tenison Woods, a scientist, missionary and explorer, established a parish school in Penison, South Australia, and founded the Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart. MacKillop was the first member of this order and its mother superior. The original aim of the order was to provide education for poor children in remote areas. Its work later encompassed the care of orphans, helping unmarried mothers and visiting the sick.
The activities of Mother Mary and her nuns caused some concern in the local Catholic Church hierarchy. Particularly disapproved of were their independence of diocesan authority and the informal lifestyle necessitated by work in isolated outback areas. In 1871 the order was disbanded by the bishop of the diocese and Mother Mary excommunicated. She appealed to Rome and the excommunication was withdrawn. In 1873 she visited Rome where Pope Pius IX confirmed her as founder of the order.
After her death in 1909 she was buried in the chapel of St Josephs Convent, North Sydney, which had become the mother house of the order. Pope Paul VI prayed at her tomb there during his visit to Australia in 1970, adding weight to the cause of her canonisation. Initial steps towards this had begun in 1925, but then were delayed until 1951.
In 1973 a major step was taken when the first stage of investigations were completed and her cause was formally introduced at the Vatican. She became entitled to be known as the Servant of God, Mother Mary of the Cross. In 1991 a meeting of Vatican theologians unanimously voted to take consideration of her canonisation further. In 1995 Mary McKillop was beatified.
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"MacKinnon, Eleanor",523,0,g,0
(1871-1936)
Eleanor Mackinnon, Australian founder of animal protection shelters, was born in Tenterfield, New South Wales on 8th February 1871. She founded the Prince Edward Dogs Home which later became known as the RSPCA. She represented Australia at the League of Nations in 1925 and died in 1936.
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"McMahon, Lady Sonia",524,0,g,0
(1932- )
Lady Sonia McMahon, Sydney socialite, and widow of Australia's 25th prime minister Sir William McMahon, was born Sonia Rachel Hopkins in 1932. After leaving school, she graduated from the College of Occupational Therapy as an occupational therapist. She married Sir William McMahon in Sydney on 11th December 1965 and has two daughters and one son.
She hit the headlines when on an official visit to a Whitehouse ball in America she wore a striking long white dress slit halfway up the leg. Her husband, Sir William, was named New South Wales Father of the Year in 1971. He resigned from parliament in 1982 and died on 31st March 1988, aged 80.
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"McMahon, Sir William (Bill)",525,"0","g","0"
(1908-88)
\ILiberal politician who was prime minister of Australia 1971-72.\i
Born in Sydney into a wealthy and socially prominent family, McMahon graduated in both law and economics from the University of Sydney and became a solicitor. He entered the federal parliament in 1949 as a Liberal member and progressed quickly through the ministry, showing himself to be knowledgeable and hard working. He was treasurer and deputy Liberal leader under \JHarold Holt\j.
On Holt's death in 1967 he was virtually excluded from the prime ministership by the veto of Country Party leader, \JJohn McEwen\j. This embargo was lifted after \JJohn Gorton\j's prime ministership and McMahon was selected Liberal Party leader and prime minister after Gorton's resignation in 1971. His government was defeated at the 1972 elections, after which he resigned the party leadership. He was knighted in 1977 and retired from parliament in 1982.
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"Macpherson, Elle",526,0,g,0
(1964- )
Elle Macpherson, international model and actress, was born Elleanor Gow in Sydney on 29th March 1964, and raised in Killara. Her father was a founder of the retail company Miranda Hi-Fi. She came to fame after featuring on the cover of America's \ISports Illustrated\i magazine three years running, 1986-87-88. In February 1990 she signed a million dollar deal to design her own range of clothes for the 300 Montgomery Ward Clothing store chain, and another deal for underwear and lingerie.
In January 1986 she married her first husband, French photographer Gilles Bensimon - 20 years her senior; however they divorced in 1990. In 1990 she made her acting debut with Woody Allen and Mia Farrow in \IAlice.\i She also appeared in the movie \ISirens\i with Kate Fischer and Hugh Grant. On 27th February 1991 Elle broke her kneecap while skiing at Aspen in Colorado which cost her a small fortune in lost engagements. In mid to late 1997 Elle announced that she was expecting a baby in early 1998.
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"Maffei, Nadia",527,0,g,0
(1961-95)
Nadia Maffei, Australian breast cancer activist, was born into an Italian family in Melbourne on 15th September 1961. She became a public figure in March 1995 when a jury denied her negligence claim against two Melbourne doctors who failed to detect her breast cancer. She became embroiled as an activist against the Federal Keating Labor Government over the $3,000 cost of the drug TAXOL, and campaigned to get it on the Public Health List for $16.50.
Married to husband Walter they had a son Tyson (1991). She wrote her daily story, later published in the Murdoch newspapers, before dying in Melbourne on 12th July 1995, aged 33.
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"Malouf, David George Joseph",528,"0","g","0"
(1934-)
\INovelist, poet and short story writer; works include An Imaginary Life (1978) and The Great World (1991).\i
Born in Brisbane to a family of Lebanese background, Malouf graduated from the University of Queensland and was a lecturer in English there 1955-57, English master at a college in the United Kingdom 1962-68 and tutor, then lecturer at the University of Sydney 1968-77. He published the first of his six volumes of poetry, \INeighbours in a Thicket,\i in 1974 and his first novel, \IJohnno,\i about his boyhood in wartime Brisbane, in 1975.
Subsequent works include \IAn Imaginary Life\i (1978), a fantasy based on Ovid's possible life in exile, \IHarland's Half Acre\i (1984), \IAntipodes\i (1985), a collection of short stories, and the librettos for the operas \IVoss\i (1986) and \IMer de Glace\i (1991). In 1991 he published his most ambitious novel, \IThe Great World,\i which examines the nature of success and the relationship between past and present, personal and official history, the latter being one of the unifying themes of his work. \IThe Great World\i won the \JMiles Franklin\j Award. David Malouf now lives in Sydney and occasionally Italy.
In May 1996, David Malouf won the $200,000 Dublin Literary Award for his novel, \IRemembering Babylon.\i
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"Mannix, Daniel",529,"0","g","0"
(1864-1963)
\IRoman Catholic prelate who was archbishop of Melbourne 1917-63.\i
Born in Ireland, Mannix became a teacher, then president of Maynooth College after his ordination. His reputation for outspokenness led the Catholic Archbishop of Melbourne to seek him as coadjutor. He arrived in Melbourne in 1913 and became archbishop in 1917 by which time he was better known for campaigning for state aid for Catholic schools and for his opposition to conscription than for his concerned and committed pastorship. His support for the Irish rebels of 1916 also made him a controversial figure about whom opinion was sharply polarised.
While working endlessly to build churches and schools, he became further involved in Australian politics with his criticism of capitalism combined with vehement opposition to communism. This led to the establishment of the National Secretariat of Catholic Action in 1937 and especially the Victorian Catholic Social Movement with B.A. Santamaria as its president. The opposition of 'the Movement' to perceived communist influence in the Labor Party and trade union movement led to the Labor Party split of the 1950s and the formation of the Democratic Labor Party of which Mannix was a staunch supporter. He remained archbishop until his death in 1963.
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"Mansfield, Bob",530,0,g,0
(1951- )
Bob Mansfield, Australian business executive, was born in Rabaul, New Guinea. He was the first chief executive of Optus Communications. He worked as an executive with McDonalds Australia from 1974 until 1986, and the company's managing director from 1986-1987 and was then appointed chief executive of Wormalds Security from 1988 until 1992. From 1992, he took Optus to the Australian people as Australia's second telephone carrier.
On 29th September 1995 he announced that he was taking on the role as chief executive of Fairfax Holdings, publishers of the \ISydney Morning Herald.\i However after a falling out with the owners, he was asked to resign less than six months after he took over the position. After he left, he set up a private business with former McDonalds chief Peter Ritchie. Mansfield is married to Peggy Theu and they have three children.
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"Manton, Jack",531,0,g,0
(1907-92)
Jack Manton, former Australian retailer and art collector, was born at Ballarat, Victoria on 12th July 1907. He was educated in Sydney where his father William and two partners moved there to open the department store, Sydney Snow and Company. After his father sold his share in Snow's in 1920, a clause stated that he could not open a new store in the Sydney CBD. So the family moved to Melbourne and a Manton and Son's store was opened at 200 Bourke Street, where it traded for 30 years until purchased by G.J. Coles in 1955.
Along the way Jack Manton assembled a huge art collection of Australian impressionist paintings. Married to Jenny, they had a daughter Melissa and son David. He died at Buderim, Queensland on 8th January 1992, aged 84.
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"Marsden, Samuel",532,"0","g","0"
(1765-1838)
\IClergyman, magistrate and grazier in the early colony of New South Wales.\i
Born in England the son of a blacksmith, Samuel Marsden was educated on a religious scholarship at Cambridge University and in 1793 was appointed assistant to the Reverend Richard Johnson, chaplain to the new colony of New South Wales. He arrived in 1794 and was sent to Parramatta where he organised the building of a church.
From 1795 to 1805 he acted as magistrate general and gained a reputation for harsh punishment; against the Irish convict rebels of the Castle Hill Rising of 1804 he was said to have used torture. He is remembered more as the 'flogging parson of Parramatta' than for his work in developing agriculture in the colony or his organisation of relief during the Hawkesbury flood of 1806.
In 1807 he went back to England for three years. His mission was to recruit clergymen for the colony and to organise missionary work in New Zealand but he also argued the value of agriculture in New South Wales, wearing a suit made of Australian wool when he visited King George III. He returned to the colony in 1810 and for the next ten years was engaged in opposition to \JGovernor Macquarie\j who in 1818 dismissed him from the magistracy.
Marsden was opposed to Macquarie's policy of promotion of emancipists in public life and was one of the leading voices in the protest that led to the inquiry into the state of the colony by Commissioner John Bigge from 1819 to 1821. Marsden also made several trips to New Zealand to foster missionary work and conducted the first Christian service there in 1814. He died at Windsor and was buried at Parramatta.
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"Marshall, Alan",533,"0","g","0"
(1902-84)
\INovelist and short-story writer, best known for I Can Jump Puddles (1955), the first volume of an autobiographical trilogy.\i
\JAlan Marshall\j was born in Noorat, Victoria. He was crippled by poliomyelitis at the age of six. He trained at a business college, helped by his family who moved to Melbourne to allow this, and held a number of jobs, including accountant in a shoe factory. He had written stories since a child and in 1933 won the short-story prize of the Australian Literature Society. He then contributed to magazines and newpapers; during World War II he travelled the outback, collecting family messages for publication in the A.I.F. News and was an army education lecturer.
After the publication of several books, he was supported by a Commonwealth Literary Fund fellowship in 1954, which resulted in \II Can Jump Puddles\i in 1955, based on his crippled childhood. This book established Marshall's reputation. It has been published in many overseas countries, been filmed and was made into a television series in 1981. Its sequels are \IThis is the Grass\i (1962) and \IIn Mine Own Heart\i (1963). Like much of his work, these three books are grounded in an optimistic view of human worth and courage. Other writings include \IThese Were My Tribesmen\i (1965), an account of a visit to the Northern Territory, \IPioneers and Painters: One Hundred Years of Eltham\i (1971) and \IThe Complete Stories of \JAlan Marshall\j\i (1977).
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"Martens, Conrad",534,"0","g","0"
(1801-78)
\IPainter known for his scenes of Port Jackson; first artist to make a living from his work in Australia.\i
Conrad Martens was born in England, the son of a German merchant and an English mother. He studied landscape painting there under Copely Fielding, a leading watercolourist of the day, until the family moved to Devonshire after the death of his father in 1816. For the next sixteen years he painted the Devonshire countryside. In 1832, as topographer, he joined Charles Darwin and other scientists aboard the \IBeagle.\i
After he left the ship in 1834, he made his way to New Zealand and Tahiti before settling in Sydney in 1835. There, over a period of thirty five years, he produced a large number of drawings, wash sketches, watercolours and oil paintings. He made sketching expeditions to the Illawarra and the \JBlue Mountains\j, and in his later years travelled by ship to the newly established settlement of Brisbane, returning south through the Darling Downs and the New England Tablelands, but it was Sydney Harbour that was his special theme. He recorded it from many angles and in many moods, capturing different states of weather and atmospheric conditions.
\IIn Sydney from Vaucluse\i (1864) lightly wooded headlands jut into a gleaming expanse of water which, under a pale and tranquil sky, stretches westwards to the infant city in the distance; in \ISydney\i (1857) shafts of light break through heavy cloud to lighten the leaden sea. The misty majesty of the \JBlue Mountains\j is conveyed in \IJamieson Valley NSW looking towards King's Tableland\i (undated); the building of the railway on the steep western escarpment of the mountains was the subject of another series of paintings.
Martens also painted pictures of the houses of wealthy landowners, and taught painting and drawing. There are many examples of his work in the Mitchell Library in Sydney, and he is also represented in the Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Hobart and Brisbane art galleries.
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"Martin, David Sir",535,0,g,0
(1933-90)
Sir David Martin, former Governor of New South Wales, was born David James Martin in Sydney on 15th April 1933. He was a former captain of the aircraft carrier HMAS Melbourne, director of the Naval Reserve and cadets, director general of Naval Man power, and a member of the Fellowship of First Fleeters and the Australian Jockey Club. His father, Harold Martin, died when his ship the HMAS \IPerth\i was shot out from under him in the Sunda Straits by the Japanese during WWII in 1942, when David was only eight.
In 1957, he married Suzanne Millear, the daughter of a Victorian grazier and became the father of two daughters and a son. He retired as Navy Rear Admiral Flag Officer of Naval Support Command in 1988 and was knighted prior to his appointment as Governor. He was the first Naval man appointed Governor in over 50 years. The first four Governors of the state were all Naval men, Phillip, Hunter, King and Bligh.
He died in Sydney's St Vincent's Hospital, aged 57, on 10th August 1990. He had only retired as Governor three days earlier, because he was suffering from asbestos poisoning (mesothelioma) from his years in the Royal Australian Navy.
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"Martin, Ray",536,"e\10\rmartin.jpg","c","0"
Ray Martin was born on December 20, 1944.
After an itinerant bush beginning in New South Wales, Ray attended a selective high school in Tasmania and later graduated from the University of Sydney with a BA degree and History Distinctions.
Now a veteran of 28 years in television and radio, Ray began as a Cadet for the ABC in the 1960s, reporting in his first few years from Sydney, Perth and Canberra - with overseas assignments in India and Africa.
In 1969, Ray was appointed the ABC's North American Correspondent, based in New York. He spent almost a decade there reporting for all ABC programs, especially news, radio, current affairs, \IThis Day Tonight\i and \IFour Corners.\i He covered the 1972 and 1976 Presidential Campaigns, the Watergate saga, the American agony of Vietnam and the day-to-day affairs of the United Nations.
A member of the Nine Network's original \I60 Minutes\i team, Ray clocked up over a million air miles in everything from B52s and A4 jet fighters, visiting forty countries, including China for an exclusive with Elton John; Afghanistan (first Western TV crew); Iran when the American diplomats were being held hostage; El Salvador; Beirut; Granada; Argentine; Saudi Arabia and four times to Poland.
During his six year stint with \I60 Minutes,\i Ray interviewed Bo Derek, Paul Newman, Kiss, Billy Joel, Walter Cronkite, President Carmal of Afghanistan, Mrs Lech Walesa, Bob Hawke, Malcolm Fraser and Andrew Peacock, Prince Charles and Prince Phillip, and America's number one spy, Christopher Boyce, among many others.
Ray launched his own daily variety show called \IThe Midday Show With Ray Martin\i in February 1985. (The program was later retitled \IMidday With Ray Martin\i and in 1993 \IRay Martin At Midday.)\i
In July 1992, the first of Ray's prime time evening specials aired on the Nine Network. Titled \IRay Martin Presents: Paul Hogan - Crocs and Clowns,\i it was an exclusive interview with the most famous and popular Australian in the world, \ICrocodile Dundee's\i Paul Hogan, his first full-length interview in many years.
Since November 1992, the \IRay Martin Presents\i series of specials has proven to be guaranteed ratings blockbusters, bringing Ray together with leading personalities from both Australia and around the world.
Ray has won the Gold Logie for the Most Popular Television Personality five times. The first time was in 1986, then in 1993, 1994, 1995 and 1996.
His other awards include two Silver Logies for Best Current Affairs Report, two Silver Logies for Best Current Affairs Reporter, seven Silver Logies for the Most Popular Personality in New South Wales (\IMidday With Ray Martin\i); Ray has shared six additional Logies for the Best Current Affairs Program; and in 1992, at the inaugural People's Choice Awards, received two People's Choice Awards for Favourite Person on Australian Television and Favourite Variety Show Host. He also won the People's Choice Award in 1993 for Favourite Person on Australian Television.
Ray is the Chairman of the Hollows Foundation which, over the past three years, has raised $A6 million for treatment of cataract blindness in Third World countries, and is the Convener of the Media Committee for the Aboriginal Reconciliation Council.
1994 has seen Ray Martin take over the hosting of \IACA\i with spectacular ratings success, the continuation of his highly successful \IRay Martin Presents\i series and also initiate and host two prime time specials that saw the people of Australia contribute literally millions of dollars - The John Farnham concert for Rwanda and the Farmhand concert and appeal to raise money for drought stricken Australians.
\IThis information and photograph supplied courtesy of TCN Channel Nine Pty Ltd.\i
\BDescription:\b Ray Martin \I(TCN Channel Nine Pty Ltd)\i
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"Mawson, Sir Douglas",537,"0","g","0"
(1882-1958)
\IGeologist, scientist and Antarctic explorer.\i
Mawson was born in England and came to Australia as a child. He studied engineering and science at the University of Sydney and became a lecturer in mineralogy at the University of Adelaide. In 1907 he was a member of Sir Ernest Shackleton's expedition to Antarctica. With Edgeworth David he made an exploratory trip which resulted in their reaching the South Magnetic Pole, the first time that this was achieved.
From 1911 to 1914 Mawson led the Australasian Antarctic Expedition which mapped over 1,500 km of coast and gathered much scientific data. During a probe inland Mawson's two companions died, but he managed to struggle to the base camp alone, achieving what is remembered as a great feat of lone endurance. He was knighted in 1914, awarded the Founder's Medal of the Royal Geographical Society, London, among other honours from international geographical bodies, and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1923.
From 1929 to 1931 he led two summer cruises to Antarctica, conducting marine and aerial studies of the area. It was mainly due to him that Britain in 1933 ceded to Australia part of its Antarctic claim, which now forms the Australian Antarctic Territory. Mawson was instrumental in the establishment of the first Australian National Antarctic Expedition in 1947. Australia's main base in the Antarctic is named after him.
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"Mayne, Tom",538,0,g,0
(1901-95)
Tom Mayne, Australian chemist who invented the malted mild drink Milo for Nestles, was born in Melbourne on 25th December 1901. He served as chief chemist for Nestle Australia from 1932 and later helped develop the Maggi line of goods. He retired in 1966 after 45 years with the company. He died on 15th January 1995, aged 94.
Six facts about Milo:
1. It is sold in 11 Asian countries, Canada, Africa and Europe.
2. It was named after Milon, a champion athlete from the 6th century BC. He was famous for his feats of strength.
3. In 1990, 5.5 million cans of Milo were consumed by Australians alone.
4. Each year 7,000 tons of Milo is sold in Australia.
5. Milo was first made at Smithtown outside Kempsey in New South Wales.
6. Milo was first sold at the Royal Easter show in 1934.
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"Meldrum, (Duncan) Max",539,"0","g","0"
(1875-1955)
\IPainter concerned with the accurate depiction of a subject rather than an 'impression'.\i
Max Meldrum was born in Scotland and arrived in Melbourne with his parents in 1888. He studied first at the \JNational Gallery\j School and in 1899 won a travelling scholarship which took him to Europe. For the next thirteen years he lived and worked in Paris. When he returned to Melbourne he founded the Meldrum School of Painting where he expounded his uncompromising opposition to impressionistic styles and taught techniques of tonal realism.
It was his firm belief that art was 'the science of exact optical analysis', excluding all but the barest elements of drawing, and he devised a number of techniques to best transfer the optical experience into an exact illusion in paint. His \IPortrait of the Artist's Mother\i (1913), painted shortly after his return from Paris, is probably his best known work.
Meldrum won the Archibald Prize in 1939 and 1940. His work is represented in the Australian \JNational Gallery\j and all Australian state galleries.
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"Meldrum, Ian 'Molly'",540,"e\10\molly.jpg","c","0"
Ian Meldrum is a legend in the history of Australian music. Dubbed "Molly", this guru has put Australia on the world map with his recognition and appreciation of contemporary music.
Since the 1960s he has been presenting the best and latest in music and information to Australian audiences. His efforts have earned him a close friendship with most of the names in the music industry, and a number of world exclusivesùan interview with Madonna in 1987 for \IMTV,\i an interview with Michael Jackson for \I60 Minutes\i and he was granted Australia's only television interview with the Rolling Stones for their 1995 Voodoo Lounge Tour.
He was responsible for the institution that was "Countdown"ùfor 13 years the showcase for the finest from the music worldùboth local and overseas, and for the nurturing of new talent. "Countdown" established itself almost immediately in 1974 as a world-class program and was resposible for introducing the ABBA phenomenon to the world. By 1975, "Countdown" was world-renowned and any performers visiting the country would appear on "Countdown". Local groups made their mark through the program as well, including AC/DC, Skyhooks, John Paul Young and Sherbet.
Ian was involved with the world telecast of Bob Geldof's Live Aid. He became the Australian chairman of Live Aid and hosted the Australian 16 hour television marathon.
With the demise of "Countdown", Ian joined the madcap crew on Channel 9's "Hey Hey It's Saturday", presenting a weekly segment called "Molly's Melodrama".
Ian has his own record label, Melodian, and manages artists such as Peter Andre and Jo Beth Taylor. He continues to nurture, encourage and discover new Australian musical talent.
\I(Text and photograph supplied courtesy of Channel Nine)\i
Dame Pattie Menzies, considered the matriarch of the Liberal Party as the wife and widow of Liberal party founder and former prime minister, Sir Robert Menzies, was born Pattie Maie Leckie at Alexandra, Victoria on 2nd March 1899. She married her husband at Kew on 2nd September 1920. She was one of Australia's most popular political wives and is survived by her daughter Heather Henderson; her two sons, Kenneth and Ian, pre-deceased her in 1974 and 1993 respectively. Dame Pattie died on 30th August 1995, aged 96.
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"Menzies, Sir Robert Gordon",542,"e\10\king0099.jpg","c","0"
(1894-1978)
\IUnited Australia Party, later Liberal Party politician, who was prime minister of Australia 1939-41 and for a record term 1949-66.\i
Born in Jeparit, Victoria, the son of a country shopkeeper, Menzies studied law at Melbourne University. He had become known as a brilliant advocate by the time he entered the Victorian parliament in 1928. He held various portfolios and became deputy premier. In 1934 he won the federal seat of Kooyong for the United Australia Party and became attorney-general under \JJoseph Lyons\j. When Lyons died in 1939, Menzies became leader of the United Australia Party and prime minister, despite the opposition of Country Party leader, \JEarle Page\j. His first term was overshadowed by personal rivalries in his own party and the war crisis.
In 1941 dissatisfaction within his party forced him to resign; soon afterwards his party lost government when two independents transferred their support to Labor under \JJohn Curtin\j. In opposition, Menzies set about constructing a new conservative party, the Liberal Party, and as its head won power from Labor in the 1949 election. Thus began his record sixteen years as prime minister, which was twice almost broken when he came close to electoral defeat in 1954 and 1961. He was knighted in 1963 and in 1977 was the first person to be appointed AK.
Menzies' skill as a parliamentarian and an orator as well as his political shrewdness made him secure in his own party where he was without rivals. His electoral supremacy was assisted by the economic prosperity of the time and the division in the Labor opposition ranks on issues such as communism and foreign policy, which Menzies exploited to the hilt, deliberately provoking fears of communism as an anti-Labor tactic.
Among his achievements was the provision of extensive federal assistance for education. The final years of his prime ministership were made controversial by Australia's entry into the Vietnam War. He retired in 1966, seen as a father figure by most Liberals but also blamed by some for weeding out possible personal rivals and thus being responsible for the Liberals' subsequent leadership problems. His outspoken pro-Britishness is now seen as an anachronism.
\BDescription:\b Sir Robert Menzies \I(Jonathan King)\i
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"Mercier, Emile",543,0,g,0
(1901-81)
Emile Mercier, newspaper cartoonist, was born in Noumea on 10th August 1901. He worked for the Sydney \ISun\i for over 25 years, as well as \ISmiths Weekly, The Bulletin, Truth\i and \ISportman.\i At one stage he was banned by newspaper editors for his risque overtones, and his drawings were marketed by his wife using the non de plume of Silvia Rodney. His son Dennis, a popular advertising copywriter, died in December 1991, aged 55, after a series of heart by-pass operations. Emile Mercier died on 10th March 1981, aged 79.
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"Merriman, Sir Walter Thomas",544,"0","g","0"
(1882-1972)
\ISheep breeder who increased the quality of Australian wool.\i
Born near Yass, New South Wales, Merriman trained on his father's property and worked to develop a pure Merino stud flock. His fleeces often brought the top market prices and his sheep consistently won show awards. He contributed to a great increase in the quality of Australian wool and was knighted for this in 1954.
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"Messel, Harry",545,"0","g","0"
(1922- )
\IPhysicist who worked to raise the status of science in Australia.\i
Born in Canada, Messel graduated in engineering, physics and mathematics from Queen's University, Kingston, Canada, did postgraduate work in mathematics at St Andrews University, Scotland, and received a PhD in theoretical physics from the National University of Ireland. In 1952, after a year as senior lecturer in theoretical physics at the University of Adelaide, he became professor and head of the school of physics at the University of Sydney. In 1954 he founded the Science Foundation for Physics there. He retired from Sydney University in 1987 and in 1992 became chancellor of Bond University.
Messel campaigned energetically for funds from government and private enterprise to raise the public profile and status of science (especially physics) in Australia. As well as establishing a comprehensive research program at Sydney University, he campaigned for and edited the textbooks for the new integrated science curriculum which was introduced into New South Wales high schools in the late 1960s. In 1958 he established annual summer science schools which provide an opportunity for senior high school students to attend lectures by scientists of international repute.
Messel's research interests have extended to the preservation of the saltwater crocodile and he has been vice-chairman for Australia of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature since 1978. He served as a member of the Australian Atomic Energy Commission 1974-81.
#
"Miles, Beatrice",546,0,g,0
(1902-73)
Bea Miles, outrageous Sydney character of the 1950s and 1960s, was born into a wealthy New South Wales family on 17th September 1902. Her family later had her committed to a psychiatric institution. She attended Abbotsleigh Girls School where she passed her Leaving Certificate with honours. At Sydney University Bea studied medicine but threw it in to study arts. She abandoned that too and worked as an unpaid volunteer in the casualty ward of Sydney Hospital. Bea left home at 24 and started living her bohemian existence. She said she lived the way she did to register a protest at conventions and thumb her nose at civilisation. She used to sprout Shakespeare from street corners and the steps of the State Library, where she would charge anything from a penny to sixpence to recite.
She slept in stormwater channels, and terrorised taxi drivers by not paying her fare, and even jumped into cars with private motorists and demanded to be driven to a certain point. She once took a cab to Perth and back to collect wild flowers and paid the driver $600 in advance. A big foreboding woman, Bea was a huge part of the Kings Cross bohemian community. She had over 200 convictions for fare evasion, offensive behaviour and obstructing traffic.
Bea Miles died at the Little Sisters of the Poor Convent at Randwick, Sydney on 3rd December 1973, aged 71. She converted to Catholicism on her death bed. On her instructions, a band played Australian songs at her funeral, and her coffin was draped with a ribbon which read One Who Loved Australia.
#
"Miller, Godfrey",547,"0","g","0"
(1893-1964)
\IPainter and art teacher known for his intricate patchworks of colour.\i
Godfrey Miller was born in New Zealand and there trained as an architect after being wounded and captured at Gallipoli. He later studied at the Slade School in London before settling in Australia, first at Warrandyte in Victoria, and then in Sydney. His lifetime concern was to find a pictorial technique able to suggest permanence and change at the same time.
In his work, forms are fragmented into thousands of tiny facets of colour fixed in intricate interweaving grids, showing aspects of both pointillism and cubism. Miller was a perfectionist, and his works were completed gradually, often over many years. \INude and the Moon\i (1954-58) is typical of his style. The landscape \ITrees in a Quarry\i (1952-56) is reminiscent of the works of the French post impressionist CΘzanne.
Miller was one of the twelve artists represented in an exhibition of Australian contemporary art in London in 1953. His work is represented in the Tate Gallery in London as well as in the Australian \JNational Gallery\j, most state and many regional galleries.
#
"Miller, Harry Maurice",548,"e\10\harrmill.jpg","c","0"
(1934- )
Entrepreneur, Harry M. Miller has been a tour de force in the world of entertainment since he shifted his base of operations from New Zealand to Australia in 1963 and made his considerable mark presenting such stars as Louis Armstrong, Sammy Davis Jr, the Rolling Stones, The Beatles, Shirley Bassey, Ella Fitzgerald, and Judy Garland. As well, he produced his first musical, the ground-breaking \IHair\i and today, continues to be one of the best-known names in Australian show business, marketing and communications.
His Client Management business is the largest in the country, representing the country's top media personalities such as Alan Jones, Maggie Tabberer, Deborah Hutton, Rod McGeoch and more recently Susie Maroney; his Speaker's Bureau, formed in 1986, is a number one priority for the business community matching and marketing the most renowned local and international corporate presenters.
In July 1968 he was appointed Marketing Promotion Consultant to the Elizabeth Theatre Trust and the Australian Opera and subsequently the Australian Ballet as well as the Melbourne Theatre Company. Over those three years he worked on the construction and subsequent sale and marketing of the subscriptions schemes, the success of which is now enjoyed by all of these companies today.
Harry M. Miller also devised and personally presented the Australian Expo bid in Paris in 1978 which subsequently secured Australia Expo in Queensland in 1988.
Miller is a consultant to a number of major corporations and organisations.
In 1992, he returned to the theatre with the award-winning, hugely successful, \IJesus Christ Superstar\i as well as the New York smash hit play \IM Butterfly\i for Australian audiences. In 1994 he produced an entirely new theatre production of \IJesus Christ Superstar\i in Australia and New Zealand.
1996 will see Harry M. Miller produce his 1992 arena production of \IJesus Christ Superstar\i for the Really Useful Group in Europe and South East Asia, as well as his own production of the hilarious send up of the Miss America quests, \IPageant.\i
\IThis information and photograph supplied courtesy of Harry M. Miller & Co. Management.\i
\BDescription:\b Harry M. Miller \I(Harry M. Miller & Co. Management)\i
#
"Mitchell, Bill",549,0,g,0
(1941-94)
Bill Mitchell, Australian political cartoonist, was born in Kalgoorlie, Western Australia on 24th June 1941. Mitchell, as he was known, started out at 15 as a copy boy at the \IWest Australian\i in Perth, and was appointed the paper's first full time cartoonist in 1969, after being rejected from the Air Force because of bad eyesight. He joined the \ISydney Daily Telegraph\i in 1978, and in 1980 switched to the \IAustralian\i where he became known for his comic strip sending up Australian politicians in \IThe Bustards From the Bush.\i
He revelled in the Hawke/Keating era, and won several National awards, including the \IBulletin's\i annual Black and White Artist Award in 1992 for \IThe Bustards.\i Married to Rhonda, they lived at Muswellbrook in the Hunter Valley and had four children. He died from cancer on 19th May 1994, aged 52.
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"Mitchell, Dame Roma Flinders",550,"0","g","0"
(1913-)
\IJudge who was the first woman appointed to a Supreme Court bench and first woman governor in Australia.\i
Born in Adelaide, Roma Mitchell graduated in law from the University of Adelaide, was admitted to the bar in 1934 and in 1962 became the first woman queen's counsel in Australia. Similarly, she became the first woman to sit on a Supreme Court bench when she was appointed to the South Australian Supreme Court in 1965. She was created a Dame in 1982.
She remained on the bench until 1983, was chairperson of the Commonwealth Human Rights Commission 1981-86 and was appointed chancellor of Adelaide University in 1983. In 1991 she became governor of South Australia, the first woman vice regal representative in Australia.
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"Mitchell, David Scott",551,"0","g","0"
(1836-1907)
\IBook collector and public benefactor who founded the Mitchell Library, Sydney.\i
Born in Sydney, Mitchell studied law but did not practise. His great interest was literature and the buying and collecting of books. He at first collected English literary works but from 1886 he tried to gather a copy of every book or document relating to Australia and the Pacific area, as well as pictures, coins, medals, etc. In 1898 he bequeathed his collection to the trustees of the Public Library of New South Wales on the condition that his collection be preserved intact and that it should be known as the Mitchell Library. The Mitchell wing of the Public Library was opened in 1910.
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"Mitchell, Sir Thomas Livingstone",552,"e\10\king0077.jpg","c","0"
(1792-1855)
\ISurveyor and explorer who led four expeditions through New South Wales and into what are now Victoria and Queensland.\i
Born in Scotland, Mitchell joined the British Army in 1811 and gained a reputation as a surveyor and draughtsman. After holding a position at Sandhurst Military College from 1819, he came to New South Wales in 1826 as assistant surveyor general. In 1828 he was promoted to surveyor general after the death of \JJohn Oxley\j. Though he supervised the construction of many roads and bridges, he is most remembered for his four expeditions of exploration. The first three concluded the exploration of the western rivers of New South Wales.
In 1836 he confirmed Sturt's theory that the inland rivers of south eastern Australia were all part of the Murray-Darling system and then travelled south through what is now the western part of Victoria. He found this land so lush that he named it Australia Felix. He finally met the Henty brothers at Portland Bay. This expedition opened up a huge amount of land for European settlement and Mitchell was knighted in 1838. The last expedition, in 1845-46, aimed to find a route from the settled part of New South Wales to Port Essington near present day Darwin. Though Mitchell did not achieve this, he explored part of what is now central Queensland and discovered the Barcoo River.
Mitchell's relations with the colonial governors, particularly Darling and Bourke, slowly deteriorated and in 1855 Governor Denison set up a commission to inquire into the surveyor-general's office as run by Mitchell. Its generally unfavourable report cited Mitchell's over-preoccupation with exploration and deficiencies in his surveying work. Anxiety over this may have contributed to Mitchell's death, which occurred a few months later.
Mitchell published a large number of works on a variety of subjects. As well as his accounts of his exploration, \IThree Expeditions into the Interior of Eastern Australia\i (1838) and \IJournal of an Expedition into the Interior of Tropical Australia\i (1848), his output included two military manuals, a work on the cultivation of olive trees and vines, a translation of a classic Portuguese epic poem and a geography of Australia.
\BDescription:\b Sir Thomas Mitchell \I(Jonathan King)\i
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"Monash, Sir John",553,"0","g","0"
(1865-1931)
\ICivil engineer and soldier who became commander of the Australian Corps in France in 1918.\i
Born in Melbourne, Monash graduated in civil engineering, arts and law from the University of Melbourne and became a leading engineer, designing bridges in Melbourne and Tasmania and pioneering the use of reinforced concrete. From 1884 he interested himself in military matters, joining the Melbourne University Rifles in that year, taking command of the Australian Intelligence Corps in Victoria in 1908 and in 1913 taking command, as colonel, of the 13th Infantry Brigade.
After the outbreak of World War I he commanded the 4th Infantry Brigade in Egypt and at Gallipoli. He really won his reputation as a commander in France where, in 1918, he succeeded General Birdwood as commander of the Australian Corps. He was particularly noted for the part he played in the Battle of Amiens, the capture of Mont St Quentin and the breaking of the Hindenburg Line. Knighted in 1918, he was also honoured by the French, Belgian and United States governments. He published \IThe Australian Victories in France in 1918\i in 1919 and was promoted to general in 1929.
From 1921 until his death Monash was chairman of the State Electricity Commission of Victoria and supervised the opening up of the Gippsland brown coal deposits. Other public offices included chairman of Victoria's Anzac Day Council, a member of the board of the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute and president of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science. He was also a prominent Jewish spokesperson and was president of the Zionist Federation of Australia from 1928.
At his death he was regarded as one of the greatest of Australians and his state funeral had the largest attendance recorded. His military reputation remains unrivalled, based on his ability to plan and to explain those plans meticulously, to avoid unnecessary risk, to work with junior staff and to push for the needs of his troops and to convey confidence to them.
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"Moorhouse, Frank",554,"e\10\frankm.jpg","c","0"
(1938-)
\IWriter of short stories, including the collection The Americans, Baby (1972).\i
Born in Nowra, New South Wales, Moorhouse became a journalist and worked on several newspapers before joining the ABC in 1967. His first short story was published in \ISoutherly\i in 1957 but he found difficulty in placing further work because of the possibility of obscenity charges. In 1969 he published his first short story collection, \IFutility and Other Animals\i and began to write full-time. He is credited with being one of the short story writers who have revitalised this genre in Australia. His stories are written in a style described as 'discontinuous narrative', a phrase which was the subheading for his next published collection, \IThe Americans, Baby\i (1972).
The effect of this style is to give the reader a sharpened sense of uncertainty and ambiguity. His other collections of stories include \IThe Everlasting Secret Family and Other Secrets\i (1980), \IThe Coca Cola Kid and Other Stories\i (1985) and \ILateshows\i (1990). He continued to write for a number of magazines, including the \IBulletin;\i some of this material is included in \IDays of Wine and Rage\i (1980), a review of the 1970s edited by Moorhouse. He has also written for films and for television. He has been an activist for author's rights.
\BDescription:\b Frank Moorhouse \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
#
"Morant, Harry Harbord (Breaker)",555,"0","g","0"
(1864?-1902)
\IBalladist and soldier whose execution during the Boer War created a continuing military controversy.\i
Born in England, he claimed to be the son of Admiral Sir Digby Morant of Devon, but there is some evidence that he was in fact Edwin Henry Murrant, born in Somerset. Whatever the case, by the 1880s he was in northern Queensland and in the 1890s in New South Wales, working as a drover and horseman. Under his pen name 'The Breaker', gained from his skill in breaking horses, he began contributing ballads to the Sydney \IBulletin\i in 1891 and achieved some small recognition.
Morant joined an Australian contingent at the start of the Boer War and after seeing action in South Africa was promoted to lieutenant. He then joined the Bushveldt Carbineers, a special horse regiment formed by the British to counteract Boer commandos. In 1901 his friend and fellow Bushveldt member, a Captain Hunt, was killed and mutilated by the Boers. Murder of some Boer prisoners as well as a German missionary then took place and Morant and three other officers were court-martialled for these offences.
Morant was found guilty of the murder of the Boers, though not of killing the German, and was executed with one of the other officers. Though there was little argument about his guilt, the Australian government protested strongly at this act of British military jurisdiction over an Australian and both men have since been widely seen as scapegoats in the politics of war, with Lord Kitchener anxious to appease the German government and secure an end to the war.
A number of books have been written about the incident and a popular Australian film, \IBreaker Morant,\i was released in 1981.
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"Morgan, Daniel",556,"e\10\king0028.jpg","c","0"
(Mad Dog, Mad Morgan) (1830-65)
\IBushranger who operated in New South Wales, noted for his brutality.\i
Morgan was born in Campbelltown, New South Wales, and worked for many years as a stockman, gaining a reputation as a petty thief. He turned to bushranging when he was 32. Untypically he worked alone. Between 1862 and 1865 he became well known and feared in the Monaro and Riverina districts, gaining the nickname of 'Mad Dog' because of his indiscriminately brutal methods, particularly the shooting of sleeping and unarmed men, although he treated other victims with generosity.
In 1865, with a reward of ú1,000 on his head, he crossed into Victoria where he went on a rampage of robbery, arson and livestock shooting before being shot by a stationhand during a siege. He was the model for one of the more evil characters in Rolf Boldrewood's \IRobbery Under Arms\i (1888) and the subject of the film \IMad Dog Morgan\i (1976).
\BDescription:\b Daniel Morgan \I(Jonathan King)\i
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"Morphett, Sir John",557,"0","g","0"
(1809-92)
\IPioneer and politician who assisted in the laying out of Adelaide.\i
Born in England, Morphett invested in the South Australian Company and travelled with the main survey group in 1836. He gained extensive land for his family and on behalf of clients. He was a major figure in the early days of South Australia, assisting Colonel Light with the layout of Adelaide, where Morphett Street is named after him, and helped found the \ISouth Australian\i newspaper, the Adelaide Mechanics' Institute and several other institutions.
He served several terms in the appointed Legislative Council from 1844 and was a leading member of the Anti-Transportation Committee. He was elected to the new Legislative Council in 1857 and was its president from 1865 to his retirement in 1873. He was knighted in 1870.
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"Mort, Thomas Sutcliffe*",558,"0","g","0"
(1816-78)
\IMerchant, shipbuilder and woolbroker who pioneered the use of freezing for meat exports.\i
Born in England, Mort came to New South Wales in 1838 and by 1843 had established an auction and brokerage business. Mort and Co. became the colony's main wool selling agency. His other interests included mining, shipping, railways and dairy farming. In 1855 he began shipbuilding at docks at Balmain in Sydney, and later expanded to constructing locomotives at the plant. In 1872 this enterprise was floated as a company, Mort's Dock & Engineering Co. Mort's interest was aroused by \JEugene Nicolle\j's experiments with ice making equipment and by his proposal to refrigerate the hold of a ship with liquefied ammonia gas.
Mort provided the funds for an experimental plant and in 1873 commercial freezing works were set up at Sydney and Lithgow. In 1875 Mort established the New South Wales Fresh Food & Ice Co. and made plans for a consignment of frozen beef on the \INortham\i in 1877. Owing to a fault in the equipment the project failed, and Mort died before the first consignment of frozen meat was finally shipped from Australia in 1879. His company was later amalgamated with the woolbrokers R. Goldsborough & Co. as Goldsborough, Mort and Co.
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"Moses, Sir Charles Joseph Alfred",559,"0","g","0"
(1900-88)
\IRadio and television administrator who was the leading figure in the ABC from the 1930s to the 1960s.\i
Born in England, Charles Moses was educated at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, and was in the British army before migrating to Victoria in 1922. In 1930 he joined the Australian Broadcasting Commission as an announcer and sporting commentator. (He played Rugby Union for Victoria and was state amateur heavyweight boxing champion and discus throwing champion at various times.) By 1935 he had been appointed general manager of the ABC.
He remained in this position until his retirement in 1965 except for the period 1940-43 when he served with distinction with the Australian army in Singapore and elsewhere, reaching the rank of lieutenant colonel. After his retirement from the ABC he was secretary-general of the Asian Broadcasting Union until 1976. During his years at the ABC, many of the major features of its present structure and services were put into place - its federal structure, school radio broadcasts, state orchestras, independent news services and rural broadcasts. He also oversaw the introduction of television. He was knighted in 1961.
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"Moyes, Gordon",560,0,g,0
(1938- )
Reverend Dr. Gordon Moyes, Superintendent of Sydney's Wesley Central Mission, was born in Melbourne on 17th November 1938, and grew up in suburban Box Hill. After graduating from Bible College, he served as minister of the Newmarket Church of Christ and later Ararat and Cheltenham. In 1978 he was named Victorian Citizen of the Year.
He has hosted a number of religious television programs and broadcast a radio show in the 1970s on Sydney's 2KY and later 2GB, where in 1990 he became chairman when the Wesley Central Mission acquired a majority shareholding in the Macquarie Broadcasting Network. He married Beverley Vernon on 12th December 1959 and has three sons and one daughter. In November 1993 he underwent heart bypass surgery.
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"Mundey, Jack",561,"0","g","0"
(1932- )
\ITrade union leader and environmentalist, noted for the institution of 'green bans'.\i
Born on the Atherton Tableland, Queensland, Mundey worked as a farm labourer before going to Sydney to play Rugby League for the Parramatta club. At the same time he found work as a builder's labourer. Disgust at the poor pay and working conditions led him to adopt communist views and to become active in the Builders' Labourers Federation, in which he first gained an official position in 1962. As New South Wales state secretary in the 1970s he led a number of strikes and placed 'green bans' on work on high rise developments on several sites of environmental and heritage importance.
In 1975 he was expelled from the union in a coup staged by the federal executive but was readmitted in 1981. Referred to by writer \JPatrick White\j as 'the wasted great Australian', he failed to regain his former position as union secretary but in 1984 was elected to represent the Residents' Action Group on the Sydney City Council. He remained a councillor until 1987, being chairman of the Planning Committee 1984-85.
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"Munro, Mike",562,"e\10\mmunro.jpg","c","0"
Mike Munro joined the Nine Network's flagship current affairs program \I60 Minutes\i in May 1986.
Although he has a reputation as a tough, aggressive newsman, Munro personally plays down the image of investigative journalist, saying he does not want to be stereotyped, although he does like to "get the bullies"!
In 1984 he joined Mike Willesee's weeknight current affairs show and his report for \IWillesee\i on a child pornography racket won him the Thorn Award for Best Current Affairs Report. At the same time Mike was named winner of the Thorn National Journalists Award for his reporting on \IHeroin '84.\i
These and other achievements saw him awarded the 1985 Logie choice as Reporter Of The Year.
During his six and a half years on \I60 Minutes,\i Mike presented many outstanding stories, including "Ward TenB: The Cover-Up", about a bizarre psychiatric unit in Townsville where suicides and deaths had never been properly explained. His interview with Jan Murray, wife of the then Minister John Brown, created front-page headlines with her "panties in the ashtray" revelations.
In January 1993 Munro joined \IA Current Affair,\i doing on-the-road reports and interviews and also relieving Michael Willesee as host.
Initially a newspaper journalist trained with the Sydney \IDaily Mirror,\i he has worked in the United States on the \INew York Post\i and other newspapers.
Having also been one of the original reporters on Ten's \IEyewitness News,\i he began satelliting news stories back to Australia from the US, including coverage of the first launch of the space shuttle, Ronald Reagan's inauguration as President, and the return to freedom of American hostages who had been held in Iran. More recently, Mike is seen as host of \IThis Is Your Life,\i for Channel 9.
\IThis information and photograph supplied courtesy of TCN Channel Nine Pty Ltd.\i
\BDescription:\b Mike Munro \I(TCN Channel Nine Pty Ltd)\i
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"Murdoch, Elizabeth Joy",563,0,g,0
(1909- )
Dame Elizabeth Joy Murdoch, mother of media baron Rupert Murdoch and widow of Keith Murdoch, former chief of the Melbourne \IHerald,\i was born on 6th January 1909. She married Keith in 1928, was President of the Committee of Management of Melbourne's Royal Children's Hospital from 1954-65, and has been a life Governor of Melbourne's Royal Women's Hospital since 1962.
\IMedia proprietor with interests in the Australian group News Ltd and in newspapers and television stations in the United States and the United Kingdom.\i
Born in Melbourne, the son of Sir Keith Murdoch, Rupert Murdoch was educated in Melbourne and at Oxford. At his father's death he inherited a controlling interest in News Ltd alone out of the \IHerald and Weekly Times\i newspaper group. After a period working for the \IDaily Express\i in London he returned to Australia to manage News Ltd, which then ran the \INews\i and the \ISunday Mail\i in Adelaide. He quickly expanded its interests, buying the \ISydney Daily Mirror\i and \ISunday Mirror\i as well as a chain of Sydney suburban papers.
In 1964 he founded the national newspaper, the \IAustralian,\i and in 1969 bought a controlling interest in the London based \INews of the World.\i In 1972 he expanded his Australian interests with the purchase of the \IDaily Telegraph\i and the \ISunday Telegraph\i and after this concentrated on becoming an international media magnate with the purchase of a series of American newspapers and, in 1981, the \ILondon Times\i and the \ISunday Times.\i
By the mid 1980s Murdoch had a controlling interest in more than 80 newspapers around the world, in addition to television stations, magazines and books. He bought the Australian publishing firm of Angus & Robertson in 1982 and later the huge England-based William Collins. His numerous other areas of interest included merino studs and transport companies.
His purchase in America in 1985 of six new television stations which he incorporated with the previously acquired 20th Century Fox Film Corporation brought him up against media ownership laws and in Australia his ownership of both newspaper and television stations also contravened new laws limiting media ownership. The American problem was solved by his taking American citizenship and basing himself in New York (thus sacrificing his Australian citizenship) and in Australia he sold his Sydney and Melbourne television stations. The same year he realised a long-held ambition when he gained control of his father's old empire, the Melbourne Herald and Weekly Times group.
Admired in business circles for his acumen and expansionist abilities, he is also widely criticised for the low standards of many of his newspapers, with their sensationalist tabloid nature and backing of conservative views, and for the power that such wide media ownership gives him to promote these standards in society. Several books have been written about him, including Michael Leapman's \IBarefaced Cheek: The Apotheosis of Rupert Murdoch\i (1983).
More recently Murdoch created a great deal of controversy in the Rugby League world by breaking away from the Australian Rugby League and trying to initiate his own Super League series. A court decision ruled Super League out until the year 2000. A subsequent appeal allowed Super League to begin in 1997.
\IJournalist and newspaper proprietor who built up the Melbourne Herald group.\i
Born and educated in Melbourne, Murdoch became a journalist with the Melbourne \IAge\i and in 1915 was narrowly defeated by C.E.W. Bean in a Journalists' Association ballot to be official Australian war correspondent. He left for England nevertheless to manage a cable service and visited Gallipoli en route, becoming involved in a controversy when he publicly criticised the campaign.
Murdoch worked for the \ITimes\i in London and covered the Prince of Wales' Australian tour in 1920-21. He then became editor of the Melbourne \IHerald,\i which at that time was losing readership; in transforming it into Australia's leading afternoon newspaper, he became involved in its management.
In 1929 he became managing director of the Herald and Weekly Times organisation, working to extend its interests in radio and in newspapers in other states. He managed the takeover of the \IWest Australian,\i the Adelaide \IAdvertiser\i and \INews\i and the \IBrisbane Courier\i and the \IDaily Mail,\i which later merged to form the \ICourier Mail.\i He became chairman of directors in 1942. He was a leading member of several press bodies and helped in the establishment of the newsprint industry in Tasmania. He was knighted in 1933.
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"Murdoch, Lachlan",566,0,g,0
(1971- )
Lachlan Murdoch, son of international media baron Rupert Murdoch, was born Lachlan Keith Murdoch in London, England on 8th September 1971. After being educated in both the UK and USA, he came to Australia in 1994 and was made general manager of Queensland Newspapers. From mid-1995, he worked at News Limited's Sydney office and was later appointed executive director of News Limited's Australian operations. In 1995, he also became publisher of the \IAustralian\i newspaper and director of Star Television Limited.
In 1997, he replaced Ken Cowley as the chief executive of News Ltd, on Cowley's retirement. He has control of the company's \IAustralian\i newspaper and magazine operations, including 50% of Ansett Airlines, and Foxtel cable television. His recreations include Greek philosophy and ancient history.
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"Murphy, Christopher",567,0,g,0
(1948- )
Christopher Murphy, flamboyant Sydney lawyer of the 1980s and 1990s, was born in Sydney, the son of a policeman on 13th May 1948. As an eight-year old, he put on his father's department-issued handcuffs, and had to travel by bus to Campsie police station for the key. He has handled high profile cases for the likes of the boxing family of Cec Waters, rugby league player Scott Wilson, Bandido Bikies, and more. His car carried the number plate VERBAL, a slang reference for police fabrication of statements.
\IFederal Labor politician and High Court justice who was tried and cleared on a charge of attempting to pervert the course of justice.\i
Born in Sydney, Lionel Murphy studied science and law, being admitted to the New South Wales bar in 1947 and to the Victorian bar in 1958. He later became a queen's counsel in both states. In 1962 he was elected as a New South Wales Labor senator.
He became leader of the opposition in the Senate in 1967 and in the Whitlam government of 1972-75 he was leader of the government in the Senate, attorney general and minister for customs and excise. In opposition he played a major role in increasing the effectiveness of the Senate by reviving the committee system in that house.
As attorney general he brought in reforms in administrative law, trade practices legislation and, notably, family law. Some of his actions, such as a Commonwealth Police raid on ASIO headquarters, also aroused much controversy. In 1975 he retired from politics to become a justice of the High Court where his liberal judgments were often in a minority.
In the 1980s several allegations of misconduct were made against him and finally, in 1985, he was tried on charges of trying to pervert the course of justice on behalf of his friend, the solicitor Morgan Ryan. He was found guilty on one charge but cleared at a retrial. Further allegations led to a scheduled parliamentary inquiry in 1986 but this was cancelled when Murphy announced that he was suffering from a terminal disease. He died later that year, regarded variously as a martyr of social liberalism and as a betrayer of the responsibilities of his office.
Sir Brian Murray, former governor of Victoria, was born Brian Stewart Murray in Melbourne on 26th December 1921. He survived four Kamikaze attacks while he was a Navy officer aboard HMAS \IAustralia\i in the Philippines during WWII. He saw service in Korea and commanded five ships before serving as ADC to the Queen and a senior defence post in Canberra.
He served as governor of Victoria from 1982 to 3rd October 1985 when forced by premier John Cain to resign in controversial circumstances. As governor, Sir Brian had accepted free airline tickets from Continental Airlines for his family for a four week overseas trip. Married three times, his first wife Elizabeth died when the youngest of their three children was only three months old.
His second wife, Susan Hill Douglas, died in a car crash in Malta whilst awaiting a divorce. He later retired to his winery and vineyard near Canberra with his third wife Jeanette, a former nun and school teacher. He died from cancer on 4th June 1991, aged 69.
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"Murray, Leslie Allan (Les)",570,"0","g","0"
(1938-)
\IPoet, editor and literary critic; volumes of collected poems include The Vernacular Republic: Poems 1961-81 (1982) and The People's Otherworld (1983).\i
Born in Nabiac in northern New South Wales, Les Murray was educated at various country schools and at the University of Sydney. He worked as a translator of European languages at the Australian National University and as an official in the Prime Minister's Department before becoming a full-time writer and editor. Living in Sydney, he spends long periods on his bush property near his childhood home and much of his poetry is centred in his love of the Australian country, his respect for ordinary country people and the values of the land.
His volumes of poetry include \IThe Ilex Tree\i (1965, with Geoffrey Lehmann), \ILunch & Counter Lunch\i (1974), \IThe Boys Who Stole the Funeral\i (1980), \IThe Vernacular Republic: Poems 1961-81\i (1982), \IThe People's Otherworld\i (1983), which won the Australian Literature Society's Gold Medal, and \IDog Fox Field\i (1990).
He has also published a collection of prose, \IBlocks & Tackle\i (1990). He was poetry reader with Angus & Robertson 1978-90 and has been literary editor of \IQuadrant\i and editor of \IPoetry Australia.\i He compiled and edited \IThe New Oxford Book of Australian Verse\i (1986).
During 1996 Les Murray was admitted to hospital to have an abscess and one-fifth of his liver removed. He spent 20 days in intensive care.
At the beginning of 1997 Les Murray, with his \ISubhuman Redneck Poems\i won the ú5,000 T.S. Eliot Prize for poetry - said to be equivalent to the Booker Prize for fiction. However, Les was too ill to travel to London to accept his award personally.
#
"Myer Family",571,"0","g","0"
\IFamily noted in the retail industry.\i
Sidney Baevski Myer (1878-1934) was born in Russia and came to Australia to join other family members in 1898. He opened a clothing and drapery shop in \JBendigo\j, Victoria, and gradually expanded, buying Wright & Neil's in Bourke Street, Melbourne, in 1911 and replacing it with an eight storey building in 1914. With new ideas in display and advertising, Myer's became greatly successful and the business expanded into other areas such as woollen mills.
An Adelaide retail store was bought in 1928. During the Depression Myer had the frontage of the Bourke Steet store rebuilt and made large contributions to the rebuilding of the Yarra Boulevard to provide relief work. Noted as a liberal benefactor during his lifetime, Myer in his will bequested a large amount to set up the Sidney Myer Trust for charitable work.
Sir Norman Baevski Myer (1898-1956), nephew of Sidney Myer, migrated to Australia in 1911 and was educated in Melbourne. After serving in the AIF in World War I he joined the Myer's business, becoming managing director in 1934 and chairman in 1938. He put in place a major reorganisation of the shop floor.
During his administration in the postwar period the business continued to expand with new retail stores being acquired in major Victorian towns and in Brisbane. He began plans for the construction of the Sidney Myer Music Bowl in Melbourne, to be funded by the Sidney Myer Trust, and was knighted in 1956, shortly before his death.
Kenneth Baillieu Myer (1921-92), the elder son of Sidney Myer, was born in the United States and educated in Melbourne and at Princeton University in the United States. He joined his family's business in 1946, becoming joint managing director in 1960 and chairman from 1966 to 1976. He was responsible for beginning the move of Myer's out of city centres and into regional and suburban shopping centres. He also oversaw the merger with Farmer's of Sydney in 1961 and the move into discount trading with the establishment of the first of its Target stores in 1968.
After changes on the board, Kenneth Myer was made a non-executive director of Myer Emporium Ltd 1976-82 and 1982-85 and, since the 1985 merger with G. J. Coles Ltd, a director of Coles Myer Ltd. He was chairman of the ABC from 1983 to his resignation in 1986 and is known as a patron of the arts and chairman of many charitable institutions and public bodies. He has been president of the Myer Foundation since 1958 and was appointed AC in 1976.
Sidney Baillieu Myer (1926-), the second son of Sidney Myer, was born in Melbourne and educated there and at Cambridge University. He became a director of the Myer Emporium in 1955, was chairman 1978-86 and has been deputy chairman of Coles Myer Ltd since 1986. His other positions include director of the National Mutual Life Association of Australasia since 1978 and chairman since 1988. He is a trustee of the \JNational Gallery\j of Victoria. He was appointed AC in 1990.
#
"Namatjira, Albert",572,"0","g","0"
(1902-59)
\IPainter known for his watercolour landscapes of central Australia.\i
Albert Namatjira was born at the Hermannsberg Lutheran Mission near \JAlice Springs\j in the Northern Territory. He was a full-blood Aborigine and a member of the Aranda people. He was given art lessons by painter Rex Batterbee, whom he met in 1934, and developed a style which showed some affinity with that of Hans Heysen.
His work was included in an exhibition at the Fine Arts Society Gallery in Melbourne in 1938 - all sold within two days of the opening. Regular sell out exhibitions followed. His fame and fortune contrasted with the usual status of Aboriginal people, and his obligations under tribal law to share his wealth brought him into conflict with the law. Namatjira's European-influenced painting is generally considered to be in the mainstream of Australian modern art, and he is represented in all Australian state galleries.
#
"Neilsen, Juanita",573,0,g,0
(1937-75)
Juanita Neilsen, Sydney newspaper publisher and heiress to the Mark Foy's family fortune, was born in Sydney in 1937. She disappeared without trace, aged 38, on 4th July 1975. Two men were later convicted of conspiracy to murder her, but nobody has ever been charged with her death. At the time of her disappearance, she was editor of the Kings Cross magazine, \INOW,\i and led a residents revolt against a Kings Cross property development of Victoria Street.
#
"Neilson, John Shaw",574,"0","g","0"
(1872-1942)
\IPoet, one of whose best known poems is 'The Orange Tree', included in Ballads and Lyrical Poems (1923).\i
Shaw Neilson was born in Penola, South Australia, his father being a rural worker and a writer of verse. He received a minimal education and worked in various labouring jobs. The family lived on a variety of selections in poor country and had a difficult and impoverished life. However, the beauty of the empty spaces of inland Australia, its wildlife and the struggle against the harsh climate, drought and plagues provided poetic inspiration for Shaw Neilson. In 1893 he won the junior prize and his father the senior prize for poetry in an Australian Natives Association competition.
In 1896 he first had a poem accepted by the \IBulletin\i and from 1901 to 1906 he was a regular contributor. After this his sight deteriorated and most of his work was dictated. His poems were collected by A.G. Stephens, who had become an adviser and mentor, and a selection was published as \IHeart of Spring\i in 1919. \IBallads and Lyrical Poems\i was published in 1923. Neilson now had a small pension and an office job with the Victorian Country Roads Board.
His further publications were \INew Poems\i (1927), \ICollected Poems\i (1934) and \IBeauty Imposes\i (1938). After his death \IUnpublished Poems\i was edited by his friend James Devaney and issued in 1947. More recent volumes are \IWitnesses of Spring: Unpublished Poems\i (1970) and \IGreen Days and Cherries\i (1981). Shaw Neilson is considered one of Australia's finest writers of lyric poetry, his work simple in structure but also delicate and subtle, sometimes enigmatic and mystical, as in one of his best known poems, 'The Orange Tree', written in 1919.
#
"Neville, Jill",575,0,g,0
(1932-96)
Jill Neville, Australian novelist, journalist and playwright, was born Jill Adelaide Neville in Sydney on 29th May 1932, the daughter of an army colonel father and journalist mother. Her brother Richard was one of the founders of the controversial \IOZ Magazine.\i She went to London in 1951 and worked for various advertising agencies. As well as an author, she was fiction reviewer for the \ISunday Times\i; appeared on Britain radio 3's \IThe Critic\i program, and on television presented \ICover To Cover.\i In 1960, she married South African poet Peter Duval Smith, had a daughter Judy, and divorced in 1962.
Jill moved to Paris in 1968, married journalist David Leitch in 1969, and had a son Luke, before divorcing in 1981. She moved back to Australia in 1982 and lived in the Blue Mountains, west of Sydney. She married her third husband, biology professor Lewis Wolpert, in 1993. Her seven novels include \IFall Girl, The Love Germ, The Girl Who Played Gooseberry, Last Ferry to Manly, Swimming the Channel\i and \IThe Day We Cut the Lavender\i. She died from lymphoma in London on 11th June 1996, aged 65.
#
"Neville, Richard",576,"e\10\neville.jpg","c","0"
(1941-)
\IJournalist and editor who was one of the founders of Oz magazine.\i
Born in Sydney, Neville was editor of the university magazines \ITharunka\i and \INoise\i before founding the magazine \IOz\i with \JRichard Walsh\j and graphic artist Martin Sharp in 1963. Designed to satirise the smug social attitudes of the time and establishment institutions such as royalty, the church, censorship and the police, the magazine was controversial and in 1964 was the subject of an obscenity trial in Sydney.
Neville was given a six month prison sentence which was quashed on appeal two years later. He then went to London and relaunched \IOz\i with English illustrator Felix Dennis and Australian lawyer Jim Anderson. In 1971 they were charged with issuing a publication likely 'to corrupt public morals' and were the centre of an even more sensational and famous trial at the Old Bailey in London.
In spite of the favourable evidence of a wide range of expert witnesses, from the fields of psychology and social sciences as well as from the arts and entertainment world, the three were found guilty and sentenced to fifteen months imprisonment. Again, they were released on appeal and Neville's deportation order was rescinded. \IOz\i continued to be published until 1973 by which time it had lost its power to shock. Neville has since worked as a journalist and broadcaster, returning to settle in Australia in 1979.
He has also published books, such as \IPlaying Around\i (1991), a fictionalised account of the people and sexual politics of the 'New Age'.
\BDescription:\b Richard Neville \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
#
"Newman, John",577,0,g,0
(1947-94)
John Newman, crime fighting ALP member for Cabramatta, was born in 1947. He was Australia's first politician to be assassinated when was shot dead in the carport of his Woods Avenue Cabramatta home at 9.35 pm on 5th September 1996. The 47-year-old politician had just returned from a Labor Party meeting.
In the weeks prior to his death, he had conducted a tough campaign against Asian crime, claiming that Asians convicted of serious crimes should be deported. In 1977 his pregnant wife Mary and their only son David died in a car accident, after only four years of marriage. At the time of his death, he was engaged to "Lucy" (Xiao Jing) Wang who witnessed his assassination.
He was an organiser of the Federated Clerk's Union and first developed a public profile as Deputy Mayor of Fairfield from 1985-86.
#
"Newton, Bert",578,"e\10\34500025.jpg","c","0"
(1938-)
Since television began in Australia in 1957, Bert Newton, with his twin talents as a natural comedian and sophisticated compere, has been a favourite with the viewing public, visiting celebrities and critics alike.
He was born on July 23, 1938 in Fitzroy, Melbourne (a working-class suburb in those days) and was one of six children. He was educated and deeply influenced by the Marist Brothers at Saint Joseph's, North Fitzroy. It was his membership in the local branch of the Boy Scouts that led to his career in showbusiness. In 1950 at the age of 11, Bert went along to the Melbourne 3XY radio studios to watch a broadcast of the \IScouting Around\i program and was instantly captivated by the magic of entertainment.
He made his radio debut in June 1950 on the 3XY children's program \IPeter's Pals.\i When he left school, Bert secured himself a full-time job with 3XY as a turntable operator. Impressed by his talent and enthusiasm, the management put him on air as an announcer. He was 15 years old at the time.
He made the move across to television shortly after and has paired up with the likes of Graham Kennedy and Don Lane. Bert has hosted numerous television and radio shows throughout his career. He has also participated in theatrical productions and television special events.
Bert Newton spent 27 years with the Nine Television Network and his remarkable career has been recognised by an incredible collection of awards. He has won 15 Logies (including six gold Logies), the Gold Sammy, the Gold TV Star award, the Gold Penguin (incorporating the Colin Bednall award for contribution to television), three Penguin citations (Television Society of Australia) and the Footlighter award (from his entertainment peers).
Bert has earned a reputation as Australia's premier Master of Ceremonies for special events on TV and has hosted the TV Week Logie Awards a record 17 times. No other performer has compered the Logies more than twice.
His dedicated professionalism was acknowledged with an MBE from Queen Elizabeth II in 1979, for services to the performing arts.
\I(Text and photograph supplied courtesy of Channel Ten)\i
\BDescription:\b Bert Newton \I(Channel Ten)\i.
#
"Newton, Maxwell",579,0,g,0
(1929-90)
Maxwell Newton, journalist and publisher, was born in Perth on 28th April 1929. At Perth Modern School he was in the same class as former prime minister Bob Hawke, and former Australian treasury head, John Stone. He served as editor of the \IAustralian Financial Review\i when it became a daily newspaper in 1960, and presided over the establishment of \IThe Australian\i as its founding editor in 1964.
He established the Melbourne \ISunday Observer\i which he later sold to Peter Isaacson. He died in America on 23rd July 1990, aged 61, at his Florida home where he had lived for his last 10 years writing a financial column for the \INew York Post\i.
#
"Nicholls, Sir Douglas Ralph",580,"0","g","0"
(1906-88)
\IPastor, administrator and Aboriginal spokesperson; governor of South Australia 1976-77.\i
Born in Cummeragunja, New South Wales, Nicholls was noted in his youth as an athlete and Australian Rules footballer, playing representative football for Victoria. In 1947 he became a pastor of the Churches of Christ Aborigines Mission, Fitzroy, and was co-director of the Aborigines' League of Advancement of Victoria 1969-71. He was the first Aborigine to receive a knighthood (1972) and to become a state governor. His term as governor of South Australia (1976-77) was cut short by ill health.
#
"Nicholson, Sir Charles",581,"0","g","0"
(1808-1903)
\IAntiquities collector who donated his collection to the University of Sydney.\i
Born in England, Nicholson came to Australia in 1834; he was a member of the Legislative Council from 1843 to 1856. He was active in the founding of the University of Sydney and in 1860 gave to the university an extensive collection of Egyptian, Roman, Greek and Etruscan antiquities, the result of a lifelong interest in collecting funded by private wealth. This donation forms the basis of the present Nicholson Museum of Antiquities at the university.
He and his family continued to add to the collection. Nicholson was a member of the first Queensland Legislative Council after separation of the colony in 1859. He returned to England in 1862 and for the rest of his life promoted interest in and knowledge of Australia by writing and lecturing. On his death he left a bequest of books and documents to the University of Sydney.
#
"Nicolle, Eugene Dominique*",582,"0","g","0"
(1823-1909)
\IEngineer who pioneered refrigeration techniques.\i
Born in France, \JEugene Nicolle\j studied engineering there and in England before migrating to Australia in 1853. In 1861 he patented ice making machinery which used liquefied ammonia gas and installed the apparatus at the Sydney Ice Company where he was manager and part owner. In 1866 he went into partnership with \JThomas Mort\j.
Over the next ten years they patented refrigeration machinery suitable for a ship's hold and built cold storage houses in Sydney and Lithgow. Mort's company, the New South Wales Fresh Food & Ice Company, planned a bulk shipment overseas of frozen beef in 1877.
However, a defect in the machinery prevented the consignment from leaving Sydney and Nicolle's ship's refrigeration system was never used commercially. Nevertheless, it was largely due to his pioneering efforts and the success of his shore-based cold storage facilities that the first successful shipment of frozen meat reached England aboard the \IStrathleven\i in 1879.
#
"Niland, D'arcy",583,0,g,0
(1917-67)
D'arcy Niland, Australian journalist and author, was born D'arcy Francis Niland in Glenn Innes, New South Wales on 20th October 1917. He was named after the Australian boxer of the era, Les Darcy. After leaving school at 14, he worked at a local woolshed before moving to Sydney to become a copy-boy on the \ISun\i newspaper. Niland wrote many plays, over 500 short stories, and many radio and television scripts with his wife Ruth Park, whom he married in 1942.
He came to fame after winning a \ISydney Morning Herald\i literary competition in the short story section. His novels include \ICall Me When the Cross Turns Over\i, \IDead Men Running\i, \IThe Shiralee\i, and the autobiographical \IThe Drums Go Bang\i, co-written with his wife. He died on 29th March 1967, aged 50.
#
"Noffs, Theodore Delwin (Ted)",584,"0","g","0"
(1926-1995)
\IPastor of the Wayside Chapel, Kings Cross, Sydney, and noted founder of many programs for homeless and drug-addicted youths.\i
Born in Sydney, Ted Noffs first trained as an engineer. In 1946 he became a trainee minister for the Methodist Church. After work with the Church's Far West Mission he was ordained in 1952. He was minister of parishes in country New South Wales and in Chicago in the United States before becoming associate pastor at the Central Methodist Mission, Sydney, in 1964.
Known to many as the 'saint of Kings Cross', he went on to make the Wayside Chapel the centre of support programs for the people of the area, especially deprived youth. In 1967 he set up the first drug referral centre in Australia and in 1968 the first 24-hour crisis centre.
His concern for finding ways to prevent rather than cure drug and associated problems led him to the concept of Life Education Centres. The program began in 1979 in a small Kings Cross room. There is now a large complex in Sydney's western suburbs and Life Education has set up similar centres in Britain, America, Thailand and New Zealand. Ted Noffs has not seen the culmination of his work, as he suffered a severe stroke in 1987 and never fully recovered. He died in 1995. His work has been continued by his wife, Margaret, and other family members.
#
"Nolan, Anthony",585,0,g,0
(1972-79)
Anthony Nolan, former Adelaide schoolboy, was born in 1972. He died in London on 22nd October 1979 aged seven, after a fruitless six-year battle for a compatible bone marrow donor. His mother set up the Anthony Nolan register, which is a worldwide record of prospective bone marrow donors and receivers.
#
"Nolan, Sir Sidney Robert",586,"e\10\snolan.jpg","c","0"
(1917-92)
\IArtist with a wide international reputation, noted particularly for his paintings of the Australian outback.\i
Born in Melbourne, Nolan studied at various Melbourne technical colleges and from 1934 to 1938 worked in the art department of a hat factory while sharing a studio and experimenting with modern art.
He was influenced in these early years by the Exhibition of French and British Contemporary Art which opened in Melbourne in 1939, by Russian emigrΘ painter Danila Vassilieff and by his first patron, publisher and editor John Reed. During service in World War II he produced a series of paintings based on children's and primitive art which led to him receiving the patronage of Melbourne \IHerald\i critic Clive Turnbull.
From 1945 to 1947 he painted the series of \JNed Kelly\j paintings which made his name - visiting British art critic Sir Kenneth Clark called him Australia's 'only real painter'. Subsequent series of paintings concerned Fraser Island (1947-49) and \JBurke and Wills\j (1949-50), the landscape of central Australia being observed from the air. John Reed took the Kelly paintings to Paris where they were exhibited in 1949. Nolan's first London exhibition took place in 1951, after which he went from success to succss.
Further series of paintings, produced while living in London, included such themes as the Anzacs at Gallipoli (1958-59) and Leda and the Swan (1958-60), as well as a further \JNed Kelly\j series painted 1953-57. His work has a sense of intensity and urgency, conveyed with an economy of brush strokes. He has also designed for ballet, plays and operas, including \IIl Trovatore\i for the Australian Opera in 1983, and has designed jackets for books, including the novels of \JPatrick White\j.
Nolan donated many of his works to public institutions, including his Gallipoli paintings to the Australian \JWar Memorial\j, \JCanberra\j, and his \JNed Kelly\j series to the Australian \JNational Gallery\j, which also has several other Nolan works. He is represented as well in all state and many regional galleries, in the Tate Gallery, London, and in the Museum of Modern Art, New York.
Several books have been written about his work and he has been the subject of many television programs, including the BBC's \INolan at Sixty,\i made in 1978. His many awards include the Britannica Australia Award in 1969. He was knighted in 1983 and appointed Commander of the Order of Australia in 1988.
\BDescription:\b Sir Sidney Nolan \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
\IAboriginal rights worker and writer, best known for her poetry.\i
Born Kathleen Jean Mary Roska, Oodgeroo Noonuccal grew up as a member of the Noonuccal people on Stradbroke Island in Moreton Bay, Queensland. She began taking domestic jobs while a teenager and educated herself, using books in her employers' households. In World War II she served as a telephonist with the Australian Women's Army Service and later trained and worked as a stenographer.
Her 1964 book of verse, \IWe Are Going,\i was the first to be published by an Aborigine. Her second volume of poetry was \IThe Dawn is at Hand\i (1966). The poems from these books plus other material was gathered in \IMy People: A \JKath Walker\j Collection\i (1970). \IStradbroke Dreamtime\i (1972) is a collection of Aboriginal stories.
She has won several literary awards and in 1978-79 toured the United States on a Fulbright Scholarship. Her writings are aimed at communicating the innate value of Aboriginality. She also served on many committees, working for Aboriginal rights and particularly devoting herself to her own people on Stradbroke Island. In the 1980s she adopted her Aboriginal name, Oodgeroo Noonuccal, in place of her married name, \JKath Walker\j.
#
"Northcott, Sir John",588,"0","g","0"
(1890-1966)
\ISoldier and first Australian-born governor of New South Wales 1946-57.\i
Born in Creswick, Victoria, Northcott was commissioned in the militia in 1908 and in World War I served at Gallipoli, where he was wounded. Between the wars Northcott studied at the Staff College at Camberley, England, and at the Imperial Defence College in London. He returned to Australia and at the outbreak of World War II was appointed deputy chief of general staff. He subsequently was commander of the 1st Australian Armoured Division, commander of the 2nd Australian Corps, chief of the Australian General Staff and finally commander in chief of the British Commonwealth Occupation Forces in Japan. He was governor of New South Wales 1946-57, the first Australian to hold the office, and was knighted in 1950.
#
"Norton, John",589,"0","g","0"
(1858-1916)
\IOwner of the Sydney Truth, whose own life provided as much scandal as any fabricated by his paper's editors.\i
The details of Norton's early life are uncertain. A birth certificate of doubtful authenticity stated that he was born in Brighton, England. He presumably spent some time in France as he had a good knowledge of the language. It is known that he left England for Australia in 1884.
In Sydney he worked as a reporter for the \IEvening News,\i the colony's first evening newspaper, and through this became associated with leaders of the early labour movement. In 1890 he moved to the newly created \ITruth,\i but came into conflict with its controllers and left. He returned as editorial head of \ITruth\i in 1896, in time to mark the occasion of Queen Victoria's becoming the longest reigning British monarch with the description of her as 'the podgy-figured, sulky faced little German woman'.
A court case in which Norton was charged with contempt of the Queen ended in indecision. In 1898 Norton was elected to both the Sydney City Council and the New South Wales parliament, where he often appeared drunk. He had by this time complete control of \ITruth,\i which he expanded with Melbourne and Brisbane editions. During these years he acquired a large personal fortune.
Some accused him of building up this fortune by using fear of public exposure in \ITruth\i to blackmail prominent society people. \ITruth\i specialised in stories of a salacious and scandalous nature. It was claimed that a story, usually fabricated, of personal impropriety on the part of a prominent person would be set in type and a copy sent to the person with a demand for a certain sum to be paid to prevent the story being published.
Norton's own family troubles were also published, including a verbatim report of the 1915 court proceedings when his wife applied for a judicial separation. She described her husband as 'a fiend in human shape'. He died the next year of renal cirrhosis. A mixture of great talents and flamboyant failings, he was one of the creators of the popular press in Australia.
#
"Nossal, Sir Gustav Joseph Victor",590,"0","g","0"
(1931- )
\IResearch immunologist and medical science administrator.\i
Born in Austria, Nossal graduated in science, medicine and surgery from the University of Sydney. He gained a doctorate from the University of Melbourne in 1960. He was appointed professor of medical biology at Melbourne University in 1965. Nossal joined the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research in 1957, became deputy director in 1961 and director in 1965. Under his direction the scope of activities of the Institute has broadened to include research on cancer, multiple sclerosis, malaria and organ transplantation.
His major research accomplishments include experimental validation of the theory that one cell can only make one type of antibody (the first evidence to support Burnet's clonal selection theory); the discovery of cells which trap antigens in lymphoid follicles; and discoveries relating to immunological tolerance. He has published numerous scientific papers and books, including \INature's Defences\i (the 1978 Boyer Lectures) and \IReshaping Life\i (1984, 1989).
He became a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science in 1967, a foreign associate of the US National Academy of Sciences in 1979, Fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1982 and president of the International Union of Immunological Societies in 1986. He was knighted in 1977 and appointed Companion of the Order of Australia in 1989.
#
"Oaks, Laurie",591,0,g,0
(1943- )
Laurie Oaks, national political journalist, was born in Sydney on 14th August 1943. He started out with the \IDaily Mirror,\i became State political roundsman, and by the age of 25 was the Melbourne \ISun's\i Canberra correspondent. He filed reports for the \IWillessee\i show on Channel 7 and in 1978 had his own show, \IThe Oaks Report.\i In 1979 he joined Channel 10 where he remained until 1984. He then joined Channel 9, reporting for \INational Nine News, Today Show, Sunday, Willesee, 60 Minutes\i and the \IMidday Show.\i Oaks writes a weekly column for the \IBulletin\i magazine and his books include \IThe Making of an Australian Prime Minister, Whitlam for PM, Grab for Power,\i and \IHow Will I Vote.\i
#
"O'Connor, Charles Yelverton",592,"0","g","0"
(1843-1902)
\IEngineer who was instrumental in the establishment of Fremantle, the extension of railways in Western Australia and the construction of a pipeline to \JCoolgardie\j.\i
Born in Ireland, O'Connor studied engineering at Dublin University and in 1865 migrated to New Zealand. He held several engineering positions there, finally being appointed marine engineer for the colony. In 1891 he took up the position of engineer in chief of Western Australia, charged with the construction of a harbour for Perth. He supported the selection of the site at Fremantle and work on the harbour was completed before the end of the century.
He also had responsibility for railways. His most noted work, however, was the construction of a pipeline to bring water from the Darling Range to \JCoolgardie\j, a scheme which he both devised and supervised. In 1902 he committed suicide, an act which has been attributed to the heavy criticism directed at him in relation to the pipeline. This was successfully completed, however, within a year of his death.
#
"O'Harris, Pixie",593,0,g,0
(1903-91)
Pixie O'Harris, Australian author and illustrator, was born Rhona Olive Harris in the Welsh village of Surrey on 15th October 1903. She was one of nine children of portrait painter George F. Harris. At the age of 14, Pixie became the youngest member ever selected by the Royal Art Society of South Wales. She sailed for Australia with her parents in 1919 and during the voyage was nicknamed the "Welsh Pixie". After her arrival in 1920, she became famous for her illustrations of childrenÆs stories by such authors as Kenneth Graham, Lewis Carroll, and C.J. Dennis.
A misprint by a publisher saw her name appear as O'Harris so she decided to adopt the name. She was married to the late Bruce Pratt and was the mother of three daughters, as well as the aunt of Australian performer and painter \JRolf Harris\j. Her 20 children's books include \IPearl Pinkie and Sea Greenie\i, \IThe Fairy Who Wouldn't Fly\i, as well as her autobiography \IWas it Yesterday\i. Pixie O'Harris died on 17th November 1991, aged 88.
#
"O'Hearn, Dinny",594,0,g,0
(1937-93)
Dinny O'Hearn, Australian literary and cultural lecturer and commentator, was born Dennis Joseph O'Hearn in Melbourne on 14th March 1937, and grew up in Port Melbourne and Camberwell. After teaching at Caulfield High School, he joined Melbourne University as a senior English tutor in 1966 and in 1969 became sub-dean of the Arts Faculty. He came to fame with Australian television's only \IBookshow\i on SBS television from 1987 until 1993.
He married Carlene in 1966, and had two sons Liam and Paddy; the couple divorced in 1973. He suffered from leukaemia for 12 months until his death on 15th July 1993, aged 56. He was buried on 19th July, the day after he was to have married Melbourne lawyer Kim Galpin.
#
"Oliphant, Sir Mark Laurence Elwin",595,"0","g","0"
(Marcus) (1901- )
\INuclear physicist and governor of South Australia.\i
Born and educated in Adelaide, in 1927 \JOliphant\j won a scholarship to Cambridge and joined Rutherford's research group at the Cavendish Laboratory. Their work on the artificial disintegration of the atomic nucleus laid the foundation for the subsequent development of the hydrogen bomb. By 1935 \JOliphant\j had become assistant research director at the Cavendish and in 1937 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.
He was professor of physics of the University of Birmingham from 1937-50 and directed the development of microwave radar. During World War II he joined the British Atomic Energy Technical Committee and collaborated with the United States Manhattan Project in developing the nuclear bombs which were dropped on Japan in 1945, although he publicly opposed this as a misuse of nuclear energy and became a forthright spokesperson for world peace and nuclear disarmament.
In 1950 he became director of research in the physical sciences at the Australian National University. He retired as emeritus professor in 1966 but continued his research as an honorary fellow. He was foundation president of the Australian Academy of Science 1954-56. He was knighted in 1959, appointed Companion of the Order of Australia in 1977 and served as governor of South Australia 1971-76.
#
"Olsen, John",596,"0","g","0"
(1928-)
\IArtist whose work includes the mural Salute to Five Bells in the Sydney Opera House.\i
Born in Newcastle, New South Wales, Olsen moved to Sydney with his family as a child and studied at the \JJulian Ashton\j Art School under John Passmore, and at the Orban School. In 1956 he was involved in the 'Direction 1' exhibition which introduced abstract expressionism to Australia. The next year the Sydney critic Paul Haefliger raised a public subscription to send him overseas and from 1957 to 1960 he studied in Paris, sending exhibitions to Sydney and Melbourne.
On his return to Australia his work showed a mixture of European expressionist influences, an original child art style of imagery and a strong feeling for the Australian environment. His work became characterised by a wandering line form superimposed on a rich, colourful underpainting.
In 1961 he exhibited the Journey into \IYou Beaut Country\i landscape series. In 1963 he became interested in tapestries and returned to Europe for further study in this area. He came back in 1967 and up to 1970 ran the Bakery Art School in Sydney. He was then commissioned to paint the Sydney Opera House mural \ISalute to Five Bells,\i inspired by the poem by Kenneth Slessor. This was completed in 1973. He was awarded the Wynne Prize for landscape in 1969. His work is represented in the Australian \JNational Gallery\j and all state galleries.
#
"O'Malley, King",597,"0","g","0"
(1858?-1953)
\IUnconventional politician instrumental in the founding of \JCanberra\j.\i
Believed to have been born in Canada, King O'Malley was educated in the United States and migrated to Australia in the late 1880s. In 1896 he was elected to the South Australian House of Assembly on a varied platform that included the legitimisation of children born out of marriage if their parents subsequently married. He entered the first federal parliament in 1901, winning a Tasmanian seat as an independent but giving his support to Labor.
He was minister for home affairs under Fisher 1910-13 and again under Hughes 1915-16. He lost his seat in the 1917 election but in those years he had succeeded in his two main aims, the founding of the Commonwealth Bank and the choosing of the site for the future \JCanberra\j with plans set afoot for its design - though his suggestion that the capital be named Shakespeare was not adopted.
#
"Osburn, Lucy",598,"0","g","0"
(1835-91)
\INurse who introduced Florence Nightingale's principles of nursing to New South Wales.\i
\JLucy Osburn\j was born in England and after an adventurous youth entered the Nightingale Training School in 1866. In 1867, shortly after Osburn's graduation, the New South Wales government asked Florence Nightingale to send a team of trained nurses to the Sydney Infirmary.
She chose \JLucy Osburn\j as lady superintendent, with a staff of five sisters, and they arrived in Sydney in March 1868. They were appalled at the condition of the old 'Rum Hospital', which was completely insect infested, and at the lack of training of the local nursing staff. The latter was the object of Osburn's first reforms. Within a week of starting duties she proved her efficiency and won the support of the governor and his wife after she was called upon to nurse the visiting Duke of Edinburgh on whom an assassination attempt had been made.
Osburn was opposed in her attempts at reform at the infirmary by the doctors and board of management. These disputes led in 1873 to a Royal Commission, whose report praised Osburn and her nurses and criticised most other aspects of the hospital. This eventually led to the Sydney Hospital Act of 1881 which provided for the building of a new hospital and the reform of the management structure.
With this well on the way to completion, Osburn resigned in 1884 and returned to England. Her position was taken by one of her Australian trainees.
#
"O'Shane, Patricia June (Pat)",599,"e\10\oshane.jpg","c","0"
(1941-)
\ILawyer who was the first Aborigine to be appointed a magistrate.\i
Born in northern Queensland, \JPat O'Shane\j was educated in Cairns and at the University of Queensland, and later at New South Wales and Sydney Universities. She was a school teacher in Queensland before studying law and being admitted to the New South Wales bar in 1976, thus becoming the first Aboriginal barrister.
In 1981 she became first permanent head of a state government department when she was appointed inaugural secretary of the New South Wales Department of Aboriginal Affairs. In this role she was labelled on one side controversially radical and on the other too ready to accept compromise on the content of Aboriginal land rights legislation. She remained in this position until 1986 when she was appointed a magistrate by the New South Wales government.
In April 1997 Pat O'Shane announced that she would retire from the Bench in July of the same year but she withdrew her resignation a few months later.
\BDescription:\b Pat O'Shane \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i.
#
"O'Shane, Tjandamurra",600,0,g,0
(1990- )
Tjandamurra O'Shane, Aboriginal schoolboy, was born in Cairns in 1990. On 30th October 1996 at the age of six, he suffered horrendous burns to 70% of his body when he was doused with petrol and set alight. School principal, Michael Aitken, suffered from stress and shock when he saved the boyÆs life by covering him with his shirt to extinguish the flames.
He suffered horrific burns and after spending five months in hospital was allowed to go home in March 1997 after many skin grafts and operations. His attacker, 27-year-old Paul Wade from Adelaide, told the court he wanted to let society know he had a grudge against mankind since childhood, and after showing no signs of remorse for the attack, was sentenced to life imprisonment in March 1997.
TjandamurraÆs aunt is magistrate Pat OÆShane.
#
"Owen, Earl",601,"0","g","0"
(1933-)
\IMicrosurgeon and world leader in the development of microsurgical techniques.\i
Born in Sydney, \JEarl Owen\j graduated in medicine and surgery from the University of Sydney. In 1968 he achieved a world first when he successfully replaced the amputated finger of a two year old child. The award-winning precision instruments and delicate surgical procedures which he developed make it possible to replace severed limbs, fingers and toes, to reverse vasectomies and tubal ligations, to reverse some sight and hearing impairments and to perform foetal surgery.
In 1970 he founded the International Microsurgery Society and became medical director of the Microsearch Foundation of Australia in 1976. He has conducted training courses in 30 countries, introducing microsurgery to seventeen of them. He received the Microsurgeon of the Year Award at the 1978 World Microsurgical Congress in San Francisco. He has also received awards for ergonomically designed chairs for the Sydney Opera House. He was appointed Officer of the Order of Australia in 1980.
#
"Owen, Evelyn Ernest",602,"0","g","0"
(1915-49)
\IInventor of the Owen submachine gun used during World War II.\i
Born in \JWollongong\j, New South Wales, where he trained as a motor mechanic, Owen had an early interest in firearms, developing a sub machine gun in the late 1930s which he patented in 1941. It carried a 32-round vertical feed magazine, could fire single shots or bursts of ten shots per second, had an effective operating range of 90 metres and weighed five kilograms fully loaded. It was simple, sturdy, light, reliable under all conditions and cheap to produce. After initial reluctance on the part of the Army Central Inventions Board, more than 45,000 of the weapons were manufactured for the Australian army during World War II.
Owen was discharged from the AIF in 1941 to supervise the manufacture of the weapons at Lysaght's Port Kembla works. After the war he sold the manufacturing rights to the Lithgow Small Arms factory and set up a timber mill at Tongarra, New South Wales.
#
"Oxley, John Joseph William Molesworth",603,"0","g","0"
(1783?-1828)
\IPioneer, surveyor and explorer.\i
Born in England, Oxley joined the British Navy and came to New South Wales in 1802. In 1812 he was appointed surveyor-general of the colony. In 1817 and 1818 he explored the Lachlan and Macquarie Rivers. Unable to find their sources, he subscribed to the later disproved theory that the rivers flowed from an inland sea. As well as his work in land surveying, he made several surveys of the coast, during which he found the Tweed River and explored the Moreton Bay area. This led to the establishment of a settlement at Moreton Bay in 1824.
Oxley was a strong opponent of \JGovernor Macquarie\j's emancipist policy and was in 1824-25 a member of the first Legislative Council. He was involved in the development of banking in the colony and helped establish the first subscription library. He was granted land in the Camden area in 1810 and in 1815 became a pioneer settler in the Bowral area. After his death his sons were issued a large area of additional land there in recognition of their father's work. The present town of Bowral is situated on part of their land.
#
"Packard, Tony",604,0,g,0
(1943- )
Tony Packard, former New South Wales Liberal Party politician and former car salesman, was born in London on 14th April 1943. He came to Australia in the 1960s, started out as a car salesman with Lanock Motors, and then joined Peter Warren Ford for five years. In 1978, he established his own dealership at Baulkham Hills where he became known for his outrageous television commercials in the 1980s. In September 1990, he won the State seat of the Hills in Sydney's north west and in November 1991 put his business into voluntary receivership.
In March 1992, he was accused of using bugging equipment to eavesdrop on conversations on customers and staff. On 11th June 1993, he pleaded guilty to breaching the Listening Devices Act by bugging his customers over a six year period from 1985 until 1991, and was fined $1,000. The independent members of Parliament united to seek his expulsion from Parliament and he was immediately picked up by 2GB to co-host the afternoon show with Malcolm T. Elliott for one week. He later became general manager of FAI home security and in 1994 went back to England to work for FAI.
#
"Packer, Clyde",605,0,g,0
(1935- )
Clyde Packer, media empire son of Sir Frank Packer and brother of Kerry Packer, was born in Sydney on 22nd July 1935. He was, until 1974, an heir to the family fortune and a director of the Nine Network, but sold his share to his brother Kerry. He went to the USA where he established health and surfing magazines.
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"Packer, Sir (Douglas) Frank Hewson",606,"0","g","0"
(1906-74)
\IMedia proprietor who took Australian Consolidated Press to a leading position among Australian media companies.\i
Born and educated in Sydney, Frank Packer was the son of Robert Clyde Packer, who was managing director of \ISmith's Weekly\i 1919-33. Frank Packer became a cadet reporter on the \IDaily Guardian,\i another paper controlled by his father, in 1923 and quickly rose in the organisation to become director and general advertising manager. In 1933 he was one of the co-founders of the \IAustralian Women's Weekly.\i From 1936 he was managing director of Consolidated Press Ltd (which became Australian Consolidated Press) and chairman from 1957.
He expanded this organisation to control the Sydney newspapers, the \IDaily Telegraph\i and the \ISunday Telegraph,\i the \IBulletin\i and \ICleo\i magazines, as well as the best selling \IAustralian Women's Weekly.\i In 1955 he gained the licence to operate television station TCN 9 in Sydney, the first commercial station in Australia, and later took control of GTV 9 in Melbourne. In 1972 he sold the \ITelegraph\i papers to Rupert Murdoch's News Ltd for a huge sum. He was influential in conservative circles and was a patron of horse racing and yachting, leading two unsuccessful America's Cup challenge syndicates. He was knighted in 1959.
#
"Packer, James",607,0,g,0
(1967- )
James Packer, son of Australian media mogul Kerry and Ros Packer, was born in Sydney on 8th September 1967, the younger brother to sister Gretel. After completing his education at Tudor House, Moss Vale and Cranbrook in Bellevue Hill, he worked as an advertising executive on his father's \IAustralian Business\i magazine. He later worked for a banking firm in London and played polo with Prince Charles.
He is regarded as Australia's most eligible bachelor and is a non-smoker and non-drinker. In August 1993 he was appointed to the board of Eastern Suburbs Rugby League club. James was appointed managing director of PBL (Publishing and Broadcasting) when his father \JKerry Packer\j handed over the reigns to him in 1996. He announced his engagement to model and TV presenter \JKate Fischer\j on 29th June 1997, with a wedding planned for 1998.
#
"Packer, Kerry Francis Bullmore",608,"e\10\packerch.jpg","c","0"
(1937-)
\IMedia proprietor who is head of Australian Consolidated Press.\i
Born and educated in Melbourne, the son of Sir Frank Packer, Kerry Packer joined Consolidated Press as a trainee executive in 1955 and inherited control on his father's death in 1974, since when he has been chairman of Consolidated Press Holdings Ltd, the parent company.
His company runs many magazines, including the \IAustralian Women's Weekly, the Bulletin, Cleo, Belle\i and \IAustralian Business,\i as well as suburban newspapers, radio stations and television stations including Channel 9 in Sydney. In line with his business policy of 'sell dear and buy cheap', he sold Channel 9 to Alan Bond at the height of the 1987 boom for $1 billion and bought it back a few years later for around one fifth of that amount.
In 1991 he was a member of the Tourang Consortium which was one of the bidders for Packer's media rivals, the John Fairfax Group, then in receivership. Amid public controversy and claims that his having a stake in Fairfax would unduly increase the concentration of media ownership in Australia, Packer withdrew. The Tourang group was later successful in its bid. Other areas of Packer's investment include pastoral properties, chemical factories and ski resorts. He is reputed to be the richest person in Australia.
In 1977 Packer set up World Series cricket, an alternative series to those run by the national cricket boards of the participating countries, featuring high payments to players, one day matches and colourful uniforms. This caused great controversy at the time, though many of its innovations have since been incorporated into the traditional cricket series. Scandal of a different kind surrounded Packer in 1983 when he was identified as the person named the 'Goanna', an alleged financier of drug trafficking, in the Costigan royal commission. The allegations were denied by Packer and never proven.
In 1995/96 Packer was involved in a war with \JRupert Murdoch\j over the proposed breakaway of ARL clubs to Super League.
"Page, Sir Earle Christmas Grafton",609,"e\10\page.jpg","c","0"
(1880-1961)
\ICountry Party politician who was caretaker prime minister of Australia in 1939.\i
Page was born in Grafton, New South Wales, and became a doctor, also having farming and grazing interests. He was involved in the establishment of the Country Party and after entering the federal parliament in 1919 became Country Party leader in 1921.
He negotiated a coalition with the Nationalists in 1923 and was treasurer in the Bruce government until its defeat in 1929, setting up the Loan Council and the federal state financial agreement. In 1934 another coalition government was established, this time with \JJoseph Lyons\j and the United Australia Party. Page was deputy prime minister and when Lyons died in 1939 was sworn in as caretaker prime minister.
He tried unsuccessfully to prevent \JRobert Menzies\j from becoming the new UAP leader. He refused to serve under Menzies, which led to him losing the leadership of his own party. During World War II he was Australian special envoy to the British War Cabinet. He later moderated his attitude to Menzies and served as health minister in coalition governments of the 1950s. He remained in parliament until his death in 1961. He was knighted in 1938.
\BDescription:\b Sir Earle Page \I(Jonathan King)\i
#
"Pallin, Paddy",610,0,g,0
(1900-91)
Paddy Pallin, Australian bushwalker and outrigger retailer, was born Frank Austin Pallin in Durham in the north of England in 1900. He came to Australia in 1926 and in 1930 he turned his love of the bush into a retail industry for nature lovers, selling camping equipment and utensils. He trekked to the Himalayas on three occasions, the last at age 69 where he established a base camp at the foot of Mount Everest. He died on 3rd January 1991, aged 90.
#
"Parbo, Sir Arvi Hillar",611,"e\10\alcoa.jpg","c","0"
(1926-)
\ICompany director regarded in the 1980s and 1990s as the leader of the Australian mining industry.\i
Born in Estonia, Parbo came to Australia as an assisted immigrant in 1949 and graduated in economics from the University of Adelaide. He began his career in mining as an underground surveyor, became underground manager of the Nevoria Mine in 1958 and joined the Western Mining Corporation (WMC) Ltd as a technical assistant in 1960.
He was general manager 1968-71, manager 1971-86 and was chairman from 1974 to 1991, when he stepped down, remaining as a non-executive director. He led WMC through its expansion into gold in the 1980s and into an increased investment in aluminium through Alcoa Australia Ltd, of which he became chairman in 1978. He was also chairman of BHP 1989-92.
He is on the board of several banks and insurance companies and has been president of the Australia-Japan Business Cooperation Committee since 1985. He has received the Gold Medal of the Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, London, among other international awards, has been given honorary doctorates in science from several Australian universities and was knighted in 1978.
\BDescription:\b Sir Arvi Parbo \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
#
"Parer, Damien",612,"0","g","0"
(1912-44)
\IPhotographer noted for his work during World War II.\i
Born in Malvern, Victoria, Parer at first planned to become a priest but decided instead to take up a photography apprenticeship. He was a religious man and philosophic thinker throughout his life. He worked as a member of the camera crew on several of Charles Chauvel's films, including \IForty Thousand Horsemen.\i Especially interested in the new concept of documentaries, he was fond of quoting one of the pioneers in this field who had described documentaries as `the creative treatment of actuality'.
He was able to put some of his theories into practice when, in 1940, he was appointed an official cameraman with the 2nd AIF, under Frank Hurley. He photographed Australian troops in action in Tobruk, Syria and Greece and made documentaries, including \IThe Relief of Tobruk\i (1941) and \IThe RAAF in the Western Desert\i (1942). Probably his best known documentaries were made after he joined the Australian forces in New Guinea in 1942.
Taking countless risks to capture the realities of jungle war, Parer's work included \IKokoda Front Line\i (1942), the first Australian film to win an Oscar, \IMen of Timor\i (1942) and \IAssault on Salamaua\i (1943). Late in 1943 he joined American forces in the Pacific and in 1944 was killed while covering the landing on Peleliu.
#
"Parker, Georgie",613,"e\10\georgeip.jpg","c","0"
Georgie Parker, well known for her role as Lucy Gardiner in \IA Country Practice\i, is a contralto singer. She has completed 16 years of dancing and singing training as well as a full-time course in all aspects of the performing arts at the Sydney Performing Arts Centre.
Georgie has appeared in numerous television productions such as \IG.P., Roy & H.G.\i (guest), \IFunniest People\i (guest judge), \IFire, All Together Now, Sale Of The Century\i (guest), \IAcropolis Now, The Southbank Show, Vidiot, Live and Sweaty with Andrew Denton\i (guest), \IWilling & Abel, Over the Hill, The Main Event, A Long Way From Home, Austral Downs, Nights Belong To The Novelist\i, NSW Institute of Techonolgy (Film Dept), Workshops for The Australian Film & TV School and \IBody Business.\i
Theatre productions include \IAll In The Timing, Threepenny Opera, High Society, How To Succeed In Business Without Really Trying, Love Letters, Jack & The Beanstalk, Nunsense, Humpty Dumpty, Twelve Angry People, Arsenic & Old Lace, Twelfth Night, Iolanthe, Henry VI, Mikado, Barefoot In The Park\i and \IOklahoma.\i
Georgie has also appeared in the film productions, \IYoung Einstein, The Thirteenth Floor, Say A Little Prayer\i and \IThe Boy Who Had Everything.\i
Georgie has received TV Week Silver Logie Awards for Most Popular Actress (1992 and 93) and for Most Popular New Talent (1991) and TV Week Logie Winner (1990).
Other work includes corporate videos for Qantas Inflight, Avon and Westpac; modelling for Black Label at Steps Nightclub; dancing at the Olympic Handicap Games in 1985; student production nights at the Sydney Performing Arts Centre, and dancing for the Countdown Awards in 1985.
\IThis information and photograph supplied courtesy of Kevin Palmer Management Pty Ltd.\i
"Parkes, Sir Henry",614,"e\10\king0085.jpg","c","0"
(1815-96)
\IPolitician and journalist who was five times premier of New South Wales; one of the architects of Australian Federation.\i
Parkes, who was born in England, was largely self-educated. He and his wife emigrated to Australia in 1839. In the 1840s he became involved in political activities such as the anti-transportation movement. His ivory turning shop in Hunter Street became a meeting place for radicals. In 1850 he started the \IEmpire\i newspaper which he used as an organ for his political views, for example, attacking some clauses of W.C. Wentworth's Constitution Bill. Parkes first entered parliament in 1854. He was a member of the Legislative Council, and then the Legislative Assembly.
After a period out of parliament because of financial difficulties, he was elected again to the Legislative Assembly as member for East Sydney. He argued for the liberal land acts of John Robertson (who became his rival for the premiership over the next two decades), for free trade and the extension of public education and immigration. In 1866 he became Colonial Secretary and during his term of office the Public Schools Act and the Hospitals Act, both of 1866, were passed.
The Public Schools Act moved in the direction of secular education by providing that state aid would go to denominational schools only on certain conditions, including the following of an official syllabus. This aroused the anger of sectarian groups, especially Roman Catholics. Parkes also arranged with Florence Nightingale for the first trained nurses to be sent out from England (see \JLucy Osburn\j).
After resigning in 1870 and being re elected as the member for Mudgee in 1871, Parkes became premier in 1872, his ministry continuing until 1875. He introduced free trade measures, such as the reduction of duties and taxation. In 1877 he became premier for the second time and again in 1878 for the third time. During this ministry he passed the Public Instruction Act of 1880 which further entrenched secular education. In 1887 and 1889 he became premier of New South Wales for the fourth and fifth times. From 1891 he was a private member until he lost his seat in 1894.
Parkes was an advocate of some kind of union for the Australian colonies from the 1860s. His famous speech at Tenterfield in northern New South Wales in 1889 called for 'a great national government for all Australia' and emphasised the need for a united defence policy and a uniform railway gauge. This was one of the influences that brought about the National Convention of 1891 when the first Draft Constitution Bill was drawn up. The motives behind his zealous support of Federation are thought not to have been wholly disinterested.
His imperious method of leadership had led to a decline in his influence as the era of disciplined political parties began to replace that of individual leadership; it is possible that he saw Federation as opening up a new area of influence for himself. However, he died before Federation became a reality and was buried at Faulconbridge in the New South Wales \JBlue Mountains\j, the town being named from his mother's maiden name.
\BDescription:\b Sir Henry Parkes \I(Jonathan King)\i
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"Partridge, Frank",615,0,g,0
(1924-64)
Frank Partridge, Australia's last winner of the Victoria Cross, was born Frank John Partridge in Grafton, New South Wales on 29th November 1924. He won his VC on 24th July 1945 at Bouganville in New Guinea for his bravery and arm-to-arm combat. In 1962 he became a national celebrity when he beat 40 others to take all the prizes on Bob DyerÆs \IPick-a-Box\i television show, winning at that time a total of $25,000.
He married nursing sister Barbara Dunlop. He died on 23rd March 1964, aged 40, after being involved in a car accident near his north coast New South Wales dairy property.
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"Passmore, John",616,0,g,0
(1914- )
John Passmore, Australian Professor of Philosophy, was born John Arthur Passmore in Sydney on 9th September 1914. He became a Professor at Otago University from 1950-1954 and then transferred to the Australian National University in Canberra, where he was Professor of the Institute of Advanced Studies from 1959-79.
His book \IHundred Years Of Philosophy\i was a bestseller, and in 1991 was chief editor of the Bertrand Russell Editorial Project at McMaster University in Canada. He is a political moderate who urges Governments to use power with restraint. In 1991, Barry Jones named him one of Australia's most magnificent 17 brains.
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"Paterson, Andrew Barton (Banjo)",617,0,c,msafci.avi
(1864-1941)
\IPoet and bush balladist who wrote the song 'Waltzing Matilda'; collections of poems include The Man from Snowy River and Other Verses (1895).\i
\JBanjo Paterson\j was born near Orange, New South Wales, and spent his early years on his family's station where he became familiar with the life of drovers, teamsters, and other bush workers. He was educated in Sydney where he became a solicitor. At the same time he contributed ballads to the Sydney \IBulletin\i under the pseudonym 'The Banjo' which was the name of a racehorse at his family's property. Some of these, such as 'Clancy of the Overflow' and 'The Man from Snowy River', had already become widely popular before they were published in the collection \IThe Man from Snowy River and Other Verses\i (1895), which sold out almost immediately. It was followed by \IRio Grande's Last Race and Other Verses\i in 1902.
Now a literary celebrity, Paterson gave up law to become a journalist. He covered the Boer War as correspondent for the \ISydney Morning Herald\i and later edited the \ISydney Evening News\i and other papers. His life was one of travel, adventure and sport, his favourite pastime being horse racing. In 1917 \ISaltbush Bill, J. P. and Other Verses\i appeared and in 1921 \IThe Collected Verse of A. B. Paterson.\i He also published two novels and a collection of stories.
Paterson is Australia's major bush balladist, with his horse ballads being particularly notable examples of the genre. His vision of the Australian bush is optimistic and idealistic, unlike that of the more socially aware \JHenry Lawson,\j with whom he was involved in a debate on the subject in the \IBulletin.\i Paterson's poetry has continued to be popular to the present day. His horse classic, 'The Man from Snowy River', was used as the basis of two films of the same title made in 1920 and 1982. The ballad 'Waltzing Matilda', which he wrote in 1895 to an old marching tune, has the status of a national song.
\BViddescription:\b Waltzing Matilda animation \I(SA Film Corp)\i
#
"Peacock, Andrew",618,0,g,0
(1939- )
Andrew Peacock, Australian Ambassador to Washington; former politician in the Fraser, McMahon and Gorton governments; and former leader of the Liberal Party, was born Andrew Sharp Peacock in Melbourne on 13th February 1939. His first wife Susan brought him adverse publicity when she did a magazine commercial for Sheridan sheets. (She later divorced him and married Robert Sangster and after that Sir Francis Renouf.) Andrew Peacock then married his long time secretary and confidant, Margaret St George, who later made a name for herself as a radio host on Melbourne's 3MP, they separated in early 1988.
He served as leader of the Liberal Party from 1983-85, and again from 1989 until April 1990. He retired from politics in 1994 and was appointed Ambassador to Washington in 1996, taking up the position in February 1997.
Some key dates in AndrewÆs life:
April 1966: Replaced Sir Robert Menzies in the Federal Liberal seat of Kooyong, Victoria.
Nov. 1969: Minister for the Army at the age of 30.
1972: Minister for External Territories.
1975-80: Minister for Foreign Affairs.
1981: Minister for Industrial Relations but resigned after an argument with Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser.
April 1982: Unsuccessfully challenged Fraser for the Liberal Leadership
1982-83: Appointed Minister for Industry and Commerce after settling differences with PM Fraser.
1983: Became Leader of the Liberal Party after Fraser resigned following his defeat at the poles to Bob Hawke.
1984: Failed to win election for the Liberal Party.
1985: Stepped down as Liberal Leader after failing to replace John Howard as Deputy Leader with his friend John Moore.
March 1987: Sacked from the Opposition front bench after publication of a taped telephone conversation between himself and Victorian Liberal leader Jeff Kennett being critical of John Howard.
August 1987: Became Deputy Opposition Leader and Shadow Treasurer after Liberals defeated in the Federal election.
May 1989: Defeated John Howard in a party vote to once again retain the leadership and contest the 1990 election.
March 1990: Defeated by Bob Hawke at the polls by six seats and announced he would stand down as leader.
April 1990: Replaced by John Hewson as Liberal and Opposition Leader.
Sept. 15 1994: Announced that he was retiring from politics.
Sept. 1996: Appointed Australian Ambassador to Washington.
Feb. 1997: Became Australian Ambassador to Washington.
June 1997: Awarded Order of Australia.
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"Pearce, Sir Eric",619,0,g,0
(1905-97)
Sir Eric Pearce, former top rating Melbourne television news reader, was born Eric Herbert Pearce in Hampshire, England on 5th March 1905. He started his radio career with the BBC. When he came to Australia he joined 3XY as an announcer and later worked at 5KA Adelaide. When television started in 1956 he joined HSV-7 as its main news anchor. He switched to GTV-9 a year later and first retired in 1973 aged 68. In 1971 he was brought back from retirement and read the news for another eight years until his second retirement in 1979, when he was knighted for services to television and the community.
He worked in a part-time capacity as director of community affairs for the station until 1993 and occasionally played his violin on telethons. He died in his sleep in a Malvern nursing home on 11th April 1997, aged 92. His first wife died during childbirth and his second wife Betty pre-deceased him in 1987.
#
"Pearce, Guy",620,"e\10\gpearce.jpg","c","0"
Guy Pearce is an Australian actor who has worked in film, television and theatre. One of his most memorable film appearances was in the controversial \IThe Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert\i in which he played a drag queen touring outback Australia.
GuyÆs other film appearances include: \ILA Confidential, Dating the Enemy, My Forgotten Man, Hunting\i and \IHeaven Tonight.\i
Guy has appeared in both television programs \IThe Man From Snowy River\i and \IThe Man From Snowy RiverùSeries III.\i He was also a regular on \INeighbours.\i
His theatrical performances include: \IA Midsummer NightÆs Dream, I Hate Hamlet, Grease\i and \ICinderella.\i
\I(Information and photograph courtesy of Shanahan Management)\i
\BDescription:\b Guy Pearce \I(Shanahan Management)\i.
#
"Pearen, Toni",621,"e\10\tonipear.jpg","c","0"
\IActress/Singer/Dancer\i
Toni has been studying singing, dancing and acting at the Keane Kids Studios since she was 9 years old.
As part of the talented "Keane Kids", Toni has appeared on television shows, at shopping centres, the Opera House, the Entertainment Centre and clubs around Australia, singing and dancing.
To date Toni has performed more than 1000 shows - quite a feat for a 22 year old.
After completing her HSC in November 1989, Toni commenced playing the major part of Toni Windsor on \IE Street,\i which is her first major television series. Toni hopes to combine her singing and acting talents to become an international performer.
Toni may have become a national television star through her role in \IE Street,\i but Toni Pearen's first, and major love, has always been music. "Singing is what I love", says Toni, "I'm in it with my heart and soul".
Toni played the part of Miranda in \IReturn to the Forbidden Planet\i for the Queensland season in February 1993.
When Mushroom records heard "In Your Room", it seemed perfect to kick off Toni's recording career. It went gold. She then recorded and released her second single - "I Want You", which also went gold. Toni's debut album "Intimate" which is receiving rave reviews is now in the stores.
After arriving back from London, Toni had a featured guest role in \IHome & Away,\i playing Beth, then won the lead role of Angela in her first feature film \IAll Men are Liars.\i After which, Toni played the part of Bliss in the feature movie \IOn The Deadside.\i
Toni is currently hosting \IRed,\i Galaxy's new music channel.
\IThis information supplied courtesy of Gala Artists Management\i
\BDescription:\b Toni Pearen (Andrew Campbell).\i
#
"Pearl, Cyril Alston",622,"0","g","0"
(1906-87)
\IAuthor and journalist noted for the biographical works Wild Men of Sydney (1958) and Morrison of Peking (1967).\i
Born in Melbourne, Pearl studied at the University of Melbourne where he edited the student newspaper \IFarrago.\i He joined the Melbourne \IStar\i in 1933 and from 1939 to 1949 was first editor of the Sydney \ISunday Telegraph.\i He was editor of the Sydney \IMirror\i 1960-61 but by this time was mainly concentrating on writing books. His biographical works include \IWild Men of Sydney\i (1958), mainly about John Norton, \IMorrison of Peking\i (1967), about George Ernest Morrison and \IBrilliant Dan Deniehy\i (1972). Works of social history include the pictorial \IOur Yesterdays\i (1954), \IThe Girl with the Swansdown Seat\i (1955) and \IVictorian Patchwork\i (1972).
Other works include a history of beer in Australia, some popular satirical accounts of Australian attitudes, such as \ISo, You Want to be an Australian\i (1959), and some books of literary criticism. The distribution of \IWild Men of Sydney\i was for a time threatened by defamation action by Ezra Norton, the son of John Norton. Pearl was also a well known television panelist.
#
"Penington, David Geoffrey",623,"0","g","0"
(1930-)
\IMedical academic and administrator involved in the formation of the AIDS Task Force.\i
Born in Melbourne, Penington was educated at the University of Melbourne and at Oxford. He was professor of medicine at the University of Melbourne (1970-87) and dean of the faculty of medicine (1978-84). During the 1970s and 1980s he was chairperson of many committees and boards, including the working party on AIDS of the National Health and Medical Research Council which led to the formation of the AIDS Task Force of which he was chairperson (1984-87).
In 1988 he was appointed vice-chancellor of the University of Melbourne and in 1990 became chairperson of the Australian Higher Education Industrial Association, the employer body of academics. In this position he has supported the policy of university staff advancement being based on appraisal of teaching performance, an issue which has aroused bitter debate in academic ranks. He was made a Companion of the Order of Australia in 1988.
#
"Peppin, George Hall",624,"e\10\ghpeppin.jpg","c","0"
(1800-72)
\ISheep breeder who with his sons developed several famous studs, leading to the establishment of the Wanganella Merino type.\i
Born in England, \JGeorge Peppin\j migrated with his family to Victoria and then in 1858 bought land at South Wanganella in the New South Wales Riverina district. Here Peppin and his sons experimented with breeding sheep suitable for the area. Using some American strains, they developed several famous stud families. After \JGeorge Peppin\j's death, his sons continued to develop the stud and, by crossbreeding their best two families - the Warriors and the Premiers - established the distinctive Wanganella sheep type. They sold their sheep properties in 1878. It is estimated that over 60 per cent of Australian Merinos have Wanganella blood.
\BDescription:\b George Peppin \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
#
"Perkins, Charles Nelson",625,"0","g","0"
(1936-)
\IAboriginal activist and public servant who was head of the federal Department of Aboriginal Affairs 1984-89.\i
Of Arunta and European descent, \JCharles Perkins\j was educated in \JAlice Springs\j and Adelaide and became the first Aboriginal university graduate in 1965 when he gained a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Sydney.
A militant leader of the Aboriginal movement from the early 1960s, his 'freedom rides' were an early force in bringing the injustice of the Aboriginal position to public attention in the lead up to the 1967 Aboriginal referendum. In these 'rides', students picketed clubs, cafes and other public places in New South Wales country towns that practised discrimination against Aborigines. Perkins was manager of the Foundation for Aboriginal Affairs 1965-69 and then entered the new federal Department of Aboriginal Affairs.
He rose through the departmental ranks to become deputy secretary in 1979. At the same time he gained a reputation for speaking out frankly when he was in disagreement with his political masters. In 1981 he became chairman of the Aboriginal Development Commission and from 1984 to 1989 was permanent head of the Department of Aboriginal Affairs. He published his autobiography, \IA Bastard Like Me,\i in 1975.
#
"Petty, Bruce Leslie",626,"0","g","0"
(1929-)
\ICartoonist, caricaturist and film director.\i
Born in Melbourne, Petty studied at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology and in London and Europe from 1954 to 1958, in the United States in 1959 and in Asia in 1961. He became known for his drawings, contributed on a freelance basis to London \IPunch,\i the \INew Yorker\i and \IEsquire\i in America and the Sydney \IBulletin.\i From 1964 to 1973 he was feature cartoonist for the \IAustralian\i and since 1975 has been cartoonist for the Melbourne \IAge.\i It has been said that his work has raised the standard of cartooning from caricature to satire.
He is also noted for his 'machines' - movable sculptures such as the \IPetty Machine\i that opened Expo '85 in Tokyo. His publications include \IAustralian Artist in South East Asia\i (1962), \IThe Money Book\i (1987), \IWomen and Men\i (1988) and several Penguin collections of his cartoons. Petty's work as an animator and director of short films includes \IAustralian History\i (1972), \IThe Money Game\i (1974), the Oscar winning \ILeisure '77\i and \IThe Movers\i (1986).
#
"Phillip, Arthur",627,0,g,0
(1783-1814)
Captain Arthur Phillip, who captained the First Fleet to Australia, was born on 11th October 1738. He started out as a farmer, later became a sailor, and eventually became the first Governor of the penal colony at New South Wales, Australia, from 1788-92. In 1786, he was chosen by Lord Sydney as Captain General of the proposed settlement at Botany Bay.
However on arrival in Australia, he decided against a settlement at Botany Bay, as suggested by Captain Cook, and instead chose Port Jackson and established a settlement at Sydney Cove, on 7th February 1788. He returned to England in 1792 and after further Naval service, he retired from poor health in 1806. He died at 19 Bennett Street, Bath, on 30th August 1814, aged 75.
#
"Pickering, Larry",628,0,g,0
(1942- )
Larry Pickering, Australian newspaper cartoonist, horse owner and tomato farmer, was born in Melbourne on 18th October 1942. He started out as a truck driver, and then a door-to-door salesman before securing a job with the \ICanberra Times\i in 1969. A successful race horse breeder and trainer, he limits his cartooning to a yearly calendar featuring prominent people in the nude.
#
"Pilger, John",629,"0","g","0"
(1939-)
\IJournalist and documentary filmmaker known internationally for his exposure of human rights abuses.\i
Born and educated in Sydney, John Pilger's career has included being a war correspondent, filmmaker and playwright. Now based in London, he has twice won the British Journalist of the Year Award. One of his best known works is the television documentary \IYear Zero\i (1979), which exposed the atrocities of the Pol Pot regime in Cambodia.
His books include \IHeroes\i (1986, revised 1989), which reports on a variety of people at 'the firing line', whether in military or sociological terms, and \IThe Secret Country\i (1989), a critical appraisal of Australia which investigates the situation of Aborigines, the extent of poverty and the workings of power, dubbing the friendly relations between members of the Hawke Labor government and a group of businessmen the 'Order of Mates'.
#
"Playford, Sir Thomas",630,"0","g","0"
(1896-1981)
\IState Liberal and Country League politician; premier of South Australia 1938-65.\i
Playford was born in Norton's Summit, South Australia, the son of an orchardist and the grandson of Thomas Playford, who was twice premier of South Australia in the late nineteenth century. He was elected to the House of Assembly as a Liberal and Country League member in 1933, joined the ministry in 1938 as minister for irrigation and later the same year became premier and treasurer.
For the next 27 years he dominated his party and the politics of South Australia, conducting an unremitting campaign to build up the state's economy and maintain conservative policies. Part of his long reign was due to a gerrymander of the electoral system, for which the word 'playmander' was coined. His government was defeated in 1965 and he remained as opposition leader until his retirement in 1968. He was knighted in 1957.
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"Polites, George",631,"0","g","0"
(1918-)
\ICompany director who, as employers' leader, was a key figure in Australian industrial relations in the 1960s and 1970s.\i
Born and educated in Melbourne, Polites became a clerk with the Victorian railways in 1934; in 1937 he moved to the Melbourne Board of Works where he became assistant to the personnel manager and gained experience negotiating with unions. In 1950 he became chief industrial advocate for the Victorian Employers' Federation. After five years he left to join Utah Australia Ltd and in 1957 was appointed manager of industrial relations there. When he was appointed executive director of the Australian Council of Employers' Federations (ACEF) in 1959 he became effectively the national leader of employers.
Over the next two decades, along with then ACTU leader, \JBob Hawke\j and the president of the Arbitration Commission, Sir John Moore, he was recognised as one of a triumvirate of power figures in Australian industrial relations. He and Hawke, though strongly opposing each other before the Commission, respected each other and Polites was generally regarded as having a national loyalty and social conscience beyond his particular interest. At the end of 1977 he founded the Confederation of Australian Industry by arranging a merger of the ACEF and the Associated Chamber of Manufacturers of Australia.
Polites was director general of this powerful representative body of employer industrial bodies until his retirement in 1983. The decreasing influence of the Confederation in the late 1980s has been seen partly as a result of Polites' departure. He has since been a member of the Committee of Review into Australian Industrial Relations Law and Systems 1983-85, a director of the Australian National Airlines Commission from 1984 and a member of the Distribution of Powers Committee of the Constitutional Commission since 1986. He is deputy chairman of Eglo Engineering (Services) Ltd. In 1984 he was appointed AC.
#
"Porter, Hal",632,0,g,0
(1911-84)
Hal Porter, Australian writer, was born at Albert Park, Victoria on 16th February 1911. He worked as a school teacher for 15 years in Australia and Japan, and studied drama at night. He wrote many poems, short stories and novels. His works include \IThe Paper Chase, The Cats of Venice, The Tower, The Tilted Cross, Coast to Coast,\i and his own voluminous biography. He won numerous literary awards including six Commonwealth Literary Fund Fellowships. He died in Melbourne on 29th September 1984, aged 73.
#
"Potter, Sir Ian",633,0,g,0
(1902-94)
Sir Ian Potter, Australian financier and philanthropist and a doyen of the Melbourne stockbroking and business communities, was born in Sydney to English parents on 25th August 1902. He spent much of his childhood in England and Scotland, and after graduating from university in 1928, he worked as a stockbroker and then at the Federal Treasury as an economist from 1933-35.
He worked closely with the then treasurer Richard Casey before becoming the principal partner in Ian Potter and Company from 1935 until 1967. He spent three years in the Navy during WWII and was knighted in 1962. He established the Potter Foundation in 1964, which makes annual donations of $22 million with investments totalling $55 million.
He married his third wife, Primrose Anderson-Stuart, in 1975. He has two daughters from his previous marriages. He died in Melbourne on 24th October 1994, aged 92.
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"Preston, Margaret Rose",634,"0","g","0"
(1875-1963)
\IArtist noted for her designs based on Australian flora and scenery.\i
Born in Adelaide as Margaret McPherson, she studied art in Sydney under William Lister Lister, at the \JNational Gallery\j School, Melbourne and at the Adelaide School of Design. From 1904 she studied in Munich, Paris and Spain, returning to live in Adelaide from 1907 to 1912, holding an exhibition there and teaching art.
After further years overseas in England and Europe, she settled in Sydney in 1919 though continuing to travel widely throughout her life. Preston is best known for her strongly coloured still lifes, based on Australian flora and landscapes. Her style, while essentially decorative in purpose, is based on bold and simple designs.
Her work includes paintings, wood engravings and linocut prints. She was one of the earliest white Australian artists to appreciate the depth of Aboriginal culture and art, the influences of which can be seen in her art, as well as those of French art. She wrote and lectured on art and was all her life a vigorous champion of modern art. In 1937 she was awarded a silver medal at the Paris International Exhibition. Her work is represented in all Australian state and many regional galleries.
\IPainter noted for his portraits and bush landscapes.\i
\JClifton Pugh\j was born in Melbourne. After leaving school he worked as a clerk while taking art lessons at night. After service in World War II he formed an artists' colony near Melbourne and studied at the \JNational Gallery\j School under William Dargie. His first major exhibition came in 1957. Pugh was originally known as a bush painter. His often savage landscapes portrayed predators and prey against the starkness and red earth of the Australian bush.
His style of incorporating various treatments within one painting, with, for example, some elements painted with great realism and others presented in stylised form, has attracted some criticism. Pugh began painting portraits as a separate activity from his bush painting and became highly successful in this area. He won the Archibald Prize in 1965, 1971 and 1972.
His portraits, mainly of other artists, writers, academics and politicians, show an acute ability to bring out character. Pugh was also involved in theatre design and book cover illustration. He exhibited widely in Australia and in overseas exhibitions of contemporary Australian art, including those at the Tate Gallery in London in 1961 and 1963. He is represented in the Australian \JNational Gallery\j, all state and many regional galleries.
Involved for many years in Labor politics, Pugh in 1971 formulated an arts policy which underpinned the Australia Council during the years of the Whitlam government in the early 1970s. Pugh was himself a member of the Visual Arts Board of the Council at that time.
\BDescription:\b Painting by Clifton Pugh \I(Waltzing Matilda Enterprises)\i
#
"Punch, Gary",636,0,g,0
(1957- )
Gary Punch, Australian politician, was born Gary Francis Punch in Sydney on 21st August 1957. On 10th September 1957, aged 21, he became Australia's youngest Lord Mayor when elected Lord Mayor of Hurstville in Sydney's south. He later became the Federal Labor member for the seat of Barton in successive Bob Hawke governments, and was an active campaigner against Sydney's third runway. He failed to win re-election at the 1993 election.
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"Quong, Tart",637,"0","g","0"
(1850-1903)
\IChinese-born merchant and entrepreneur, active in promoting better relations between Europeans and Chinese in Australia.\i
Born in Canton, China, Quong Tart came to Australia in 1859 with an uncle who was in charge of a group of Chinese immigrants for whom the boy acted as interpreter. He grew up at Braidwood, New South Wales, under the patronage of the Simpson family who educated him in English and Christian ways and eventually gave him an interest in a goldmine.
As an adult his mining speculations increased and he became a wealthy man, building a church and school for the miners and their families, and acting as mediator between the Chinese and the Europeans. In 1874 he left the goldfields and established himself in Sydney as a tea and silk merchant. His tearooms in King Street became not only a well known meeting place for locals but also an obligatory stopping place for international visitors such as Robert Louis Stevenson, Sarah Bernhardt and Beatrice Webb.
His role as inter-racial mediator did not end, however. In 1883 he was asked to accompany investigatory police to the goldfields and act as interpreter and conciliator among the miners at a time when anti-Chinese feelings were running high. Later he played an active part in negotiating a solution in the 'Afghan Riot' affair when the ship, the \IAfghan,\i was barred from landing its Chinese passengers in Sydney. He was also a constant lobbyist for the ending of the colonial opium trade and leader of many charitable enterprises.
The home of Quong and his wife Margaret became an unofficial Chinese embassy and after the visit of some Chinese representatives, Quong was given the Chinese rank of Mandarin of the Crystal Button, later Mandarin of the Blue Button. A figure of renown throughout Sydney, he was killed by thieves in the offices of his tearooms in 1903.
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"Randell, William Richard",638,"0","g","0"
(1824-1911)
\ISteamship operator who was the first steam navigator of the Murray River, thus contributing to the development of South Australia.\i
Born in England, Randell emigrated to South Australia with his parents in 1837. As the lessee of a flour mill, he became interested in the possibility of shipping flour to the Victorian goldfields via the Murray.
In 1853 he and his brother built the \IMary Ann,\i a small steamer on which they travelled up the river from Gumeracha to about 48 kilometres below Lake Bonney where they were stopped by the lowness of the river. Later the same year they set off again but were overtaken by \JFrancis Cadell\j in the \ILady Augusta\i who was anxious to collect incentive money being offered by the South Australian government. However, the Randell brothers went further than Cadell, to the site of the present Moama.
Although they did not qualify for the government bonus of ú2,000, they were given ú600 by the government and a testimonial of ú400 from private citizens. In the following years Randell built and operated a number of river steamers, navigating also the Murrumbidgee and Darling Rivers. His operations were based at Mannum. He was a member of the South Australian House of Assembly from 1892 to 1899.
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"Rasp, Charles",639,"0","g","0"
(1846-1907)
\IDiscoverer of silver at \JBroken Hill\j, which led to the formation of BHP.\i
Born in the Duchy of Wⁿrttemburg (later part of Germany), Rasp worked first as a clerk, then a technologist, in a chemical factory. He decided to emigrate because of a lung illness and arrived in Melbourne in 1869. In September 1883, while working as a stockman on the Mount Gipps Station in western New South Wales, Rasp took ore samples from the 'broken hill', an outcrop of ironstone. The assays revealed a carbonate of lead and small quantities of silver. He subsequently formed a syndicate and in 1885 vast silver lead zinc reserves were discovered.
In August 1885 the Broken Hill Proprietary Company was floated with 2,000 shares on sale at ú20 each. Rasp was one of the first shareholders in the company and made a personal fortune. He bought a large house in Adelaide where his wife entertained grandly and he built up a library of French and German books. He died suddenly from a heart attack.
\IPioneer surgeon whose report on the causes of deaths on convict ships led to improvements in their conditions.\i
Redfern was born in England, became a navy surgeon and in 1798 was court-martialled for sympathising with a naval mutiny that had taken place at the Nore (near the mouth of the Thames). His death sentence was transmuted to transportation for life and he was sent to New South Wales in 1801.
He worked as assistant surgeon on Norfolk Island and was pardoned in 1803. He received a licence to practise medicine in Sydney in 1808 and worked at the Sydney Hospital as assistant surgeon until 1819 when, in spite of \JGovernor Macquarie\j's support, he was not appointed chief surgeon to follow \JD'Arcy Wentworth\j and resigned. He also had a large private practice.
Redfern's report of 1814 on deaths on convict ships had a major effect in bringing about improved conditions and a lowering of the death rate. In 1821 he presented a petition to King George IV in England from emancipists asking for improvements in their legal status. The result was the provision in the New South Wales Judicature Act of 1823 which declared that pardons already granted had the effect of restoring the person to all the rights of a free subject.
After his return to Sydney he devoted most of his time to agriculture. He had land near what is now Minto and also a Sydney estate in the area that was later named Redfern.
\BDescription:\b William Redfern \I(Jonathan King)\i
Born in Brisbane, \JLloyd Rees\j studied art at the Brisbane Technical College. He joined the Queensland government printing office before moving to Sydney in 1917 where he worked in an advertising office. He began exhibiting his work and in 1923-24 travelled overseas, attending the Chelsea Polytechnic in London and a life class in Rome.
In 1931 he had his first major exhibition at the Macquarie Galleries in Sydney. His paintings and drawings, almost solely landscapes, won wide recognition and acceptance both among the public and in the art world.
His style combines careful analysis with sensuality and perhaps is most appealing because of its unpretentiousness. His basic artistic attitude did not change over his long career. However, the sombre colour schemes of his early paintings were gradually replaced by lighter, more delicate ones, creating a cool radiance, and at the same time his designs became stronger.
In 1942 a large retrospective exhibition of his work was shown at the Art Gallery of New South Wales and in 1969-70 a national exhibition toured all state galleries. In the latter part of his life his exploration of print-making resulted in a folio of etchings of Sydney Harbour (1978) and a series of large lithographs, \IThe Caloola Suite\i (1980).
\JLloyd Rees\j' many awards and honours include a silver medal at the Paris Exposition of 1937 and the Wynne Prize for landscapes in 1950 and 1982. His work is represented in the Australian \JNational Gallery\j, \JCanberra\j, and in all state and many regional galleries.
\IPioneer businesswoman and merchant who had been transported to New South Wales for stealing a horse.\i
Born in England as Molly Haydock, she was orphaned as a child and at the age of thirteen fled from her grandmother's home disguised as a young male labourer. She maintained that male role for five months. Arrested as a horse thief and imprisoned, she was still thought to be a boy when she was sentenced to death, later transmuted to seven years transportation.
Arriving in Sydney in 1792 with her true identity at last known, she worked as a nursemaid until her marriage to Thomas Reibey. Her husband and a partner, Edward Wills, set up an overseas trading business, owning four vessels, and together Mary and Thomas acquired property at The Rocks and Macquarie Place in Sydney. Mary mananged the merchandising of goods imported on the ships. Thomas died from the effects of sunstroke in 1811 and his partner died soon afterwards.
Mary, widowed with seven children, took over all the Reibey business interests, adding vessels to the trading fleet, operating a warehouse in George Street, supervising farming on the land granted to her by \JGovernor Macquarie\j on the Hawkesbury and investing in Sydney property. She was able to retire to live on her investments, involving herself in charity work and showing interest in literature, education, politics and the planning of the extension of Sydney. She died at her home in Newtown.
\BDescription:\b Mary Reibey \I(Jonathan King)\i
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"Reid, Allan",643,0,g,0
(1914-87)
Allan Reid, Australian political journalist known as the Red Fox, was born in England in 1914. He came to Australia with his family, aged 11. He covered Australian politics for 50 years, and worked for most of his life for the Packer Press which included the \IBulletin\i magazine. He was a firm friend of prime minister Ben Chifley, and even influenced prime minister Menzies in 1961. He was respected by journalists and politicians alike. He retired in October 1985. He died on 1st September 1987 at a Bayview nursing home on Sydney's northern beaches, aged 72. He was survived by Joan, his wife of 47 years.
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"Reid, Sir George Houston",644,"e\10\king0173.jpg","c","0"
(1845-1918)
\IFree Trade politician who was a premier of New South Wales and was prime minister of Australia 1904-05.\i
George Reid was born in Scotland and arrived in Melbourne with his family in 1852. He moved to Sydney in 1858, where he worked as a clerk in the treasury and studied law part-time. He was admitted to the bar in 1879, entered the New South Wales Legislative Assembly in 1880 and was premier from 1894 to 1899. He implemented a number of reforms during this period in the areas of taxation, land law and social legislation.
'Yes No' Reid as he was called, because of his ambiguous attitude to Federation, was elected to the first federal parliament in 1901 and became leader of the conservative Free Trade group. He was able to form a coalition government in 1904 but, like his Labor predecessors, did not have a secure majority and so was unable to take any substantial initiatives. He was defeated by a combination of Labor and the Protectionists in 1905. He left parliament in 1908, was knighted in 1909 and from 1910 to 1916 was Australia's first high commissioner to London. He was then a member of the House of Commons until his death in 1918.
\BDescription:\b Sir George Reid \I(Jonathan King)\i
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"Reith, Peter",645,0,g,0
(1950- )
Peter Reith, Australian Liberal Party politician and former deputy leader of the Federal Liberal Party, was born in Sandringham, Victoria on 15th July 1950, the son of a doctor. The member for Flinders on Western Port Bay, he joined the Liberal Party when he was 16. He studied for his economics and law degree at Monash University and married Julie Tregowan in 1971; they have four sons.
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"Renouf, Susan",646,0,g,0
(1942- )
Susan Renouf, Australian socialite, was born Susan Rossiter in Melbourne on 15th July 1942, daughter of Victorian Liberal Party politician Sir John Rossiter. She married former Federal Liberal Party Leader Andrew Peacock and had three daughters. After their divorce, she married British Pools millionaire and racehorse breeder John Sangster, but this did not last. In 1985, she married New Zealand millionaire Frank Renouf, but divorced in 1988. In 1997, she moved from Sydney to Melbourne.
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"Reynolds, Richard (Dick)",647,"0","g","0"
(1915-)
\IAustralian Rules player who won the Brownlow Medal three times.\i
Born in Melbourne, Reynolds played 320 games for the Essendon club between 1933 and 1951 and won the Brownlow Medal for the first time in 1934 in only his first year of senior football. He won the medal again in 1937 and 1938 and captained Essendon when they won the VFL premiership in 1942, 1946, 1949 and 1950.
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"Rich, Frank",648,0,g,0
(1913-93)
Frank Rich, Australian comedian, was born in 1913. He delighted Melbourne audiences as a singing waiter in illegal nightclubs before joining the army in WWII. He fought in Malaya before being captured and held as a POW. His big break in television came on the Channel 7 show, \ITake That.\i In 1959, he became a star as Luigi Spitiker on Graham Kennedy's \IIn Melbourne Tonight\i on the Nine Network and also on radio with 3UZ. He died in Melbourne on 4th February 1993, aged 80. He is survived by his wife Dale.
#
"Richardson, Graham",649,0,g,0
(1949- )
Graham Richardson, former Australian Federal politician, was born Graham Frederick Richardson in Sydney on 27th September 1949. He was a Labor Party member of the left, who was responsible for pushing Paul Keating towards the prime ministership. He had held a number of positions in the ministry, including minister for Arts, Sports, Environment, Tourism, and Transport and Communications.
He has held party positions since joining the ALP at 17 and when he retired from politics in 1994, he was Federal Minister for Health as well as National ALP Vice President. He married Cheryl Gardener on 18th April 1973 and has one son and one daughter. He now works with the Packer Consolidated Press group, where he was involved in the NSW Rugby League/Super League fight. He writes a weekly column for the \IBulletin\i magazine, and appears occasionally on the Nine Network.
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"Richardson, Henry Handel",650,"f\1\handel.jpg","c","0"
\INovelist who wrote the trilogy The Fortunes of Richard Mahoney (1917-29).\i
Born in Melbourne, Ethel Richardson was educated there and at the Leipzig Conservatory in Germany where she studied piano and read widely in European literature. She had plans for a concert career but when she found herself unfitted for this she began to write, adopting the pseudonym of 'Henry Handel Richardson' which she later said came from the Irish side of her family.
Her first two novels, \IMaurice Guest\i (1908), a love story based on her experiences in Leipzig, and \IThe Getting of Wisdom\i (1910), based on her schoolday experiences, both received praise in literary circles but no public success. Her major work is the trilogy \IThe Fortunes of Richard Mahony,\i which consists of \IAustralia Felix\i (1917), \IThe Way Home\i (1925) and \IUltima Thule\i (1929). The story is based on the life and character of her father who came from Ireland to the Victorian goldfields in the 1850s and then practised as a doctor in Melbourne and in the country.
By the publication of the last volume of the trilogy it was widely perceived as a tragic masterpiece and Richardson's earlier work was revived. Internationally recognised, she was nominated for the Nobel Prize in 1932 and was awarded the Gold Medal of the Australian Literature Society for Ultima Thule in 1929. She only returned to Australia once after leaving for Leipzig.
This was in 1912 while she was researching Richard Mahony. She lived mainly in London where her husband, John Robertson, was professor of German literature at the University of London. She died in Hastings, Sussex. Her unfinished autobiography, \IMyself When Young,\i was published posthumously in 1948. Recent studies of her include Leonie Kramer's \IHenry Handel Richardson and Some of Her Sources\i (1954) and Axel Clark's \IHenry Handel Richardson; fiction in the making\i (1989).
\BDescription:\b Henry Richardson \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
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"Richardson, Mervyn Victor",651,"0","g","0"
(1894-?)
\IInventor of the \JVicta\j lawnmower.\i
Working as an engineering supplies sales representative, Richardson recognised the marketability of a lightweight, petrol-driven lawnmower. In 1951 he designed and manufactured a cylinder-type two-stroke 14 inch machine. In 1952 he developed a more efficient design, a rotary mower, which he began manufacturing at his home in Concord, New South Wales. Within five years the family enterprise employed 100 staff and was turning out 3,000 mowers each week. The company was taken over by the Sunbeam Corporation in 1970. By 1983 it had manufactured 4 million mowers.
Richardson was also interested in aircraft design and in 1916 he and his brother developed a revolutionary contra-prop aircraft engine. The aircraft crashed before it could be officially tested. However, the design was used by an Italian team to win the 1933 Schneider Trophy air race. He also designed the \JVicta\j Airtourer, which was initially manufactured in Australia and later sold to New Zealand.
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"Ridge, Glenn",652,"f\1\gridge.jpg","c","0"
Glenn Ridge hosts Australia's most popular and richest quiz show, \ISale Of The Century.\i
Glenn was well known on regional television and radio in NSW and Victoria before joining \ISale Of The Century\i in April 1991.
Before moving into radio in 1979, Glenn trained and worked as an Engineering Draftsman for the Housing Trust in his hometown of Adelaide for five years.
Glenn started his radio career as an announcer and studio manager at 3CA in Bendigo in 1979, later moving onto 3TR (Trararlgon) and 3BO (Bendigo) where he remained until 1985.
His break into television came in 1980 on TV8 in Central Victoria as the host of \IBreezen,\i a one hour weekly music video program which he presented and produced for five years.
During 1985 to 1989 he was involved in the production and hosting of three children's programs, \ISix's Super Saturday Show, \ISix's Super Holiday Show\i and \IKids Only,\i and another music video show called \IOff The Record.\i
In 1989, Glenn decided to break away from television and concentrate on his own production company, Q Media Productions, specialising in corporate videos and presentations.
In 1990, Glenn went into partnership with an old radio buddy in a hotel/restaurant in Mildura called \IThe Mediterranean,\i which they both worked in. In 1993, Glenn sold his share in the pub to move to Melbourne to be closer to his family.
\IThis information supplied courtesy of TCN Channel Nine Pty Ltd.\i
\BDescription:\b Glenn Ridge \I(Channel Nine)\i
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"Ridley, John*",653,"0","g","0"
(1806-87)
\IInventor of agricultural machinery who developed the first working model of a stripper harvester in 1843.\i
Born in England, Ridley worked as a miller and in 1839 migrated to South Australia, where he acquired a flour mill and planted wheat. The labour scarcity of 1842-43 led him to consider mechanical means of harvesting. By the end of 1843 he had constructed a workable stripper harvester which differed from overseas harvesting machines in the use of combs to catch the ears of grain which were then knocked into a box by revolving beaters. He did not patent the machine but received a prize from the Agricultural and Horticultural Society.
The credit for inventing the fundamental principle is given to John Wratham Bull, who had also in 1843 developed a similar model but not to the working stage. Ridley claimed that his idea was inspired by the descriptions of the ancient Gauls' reaping machines in the works of the Roman writers Pliny and Palladius. Some claimed, however, that he constructed his machine after seeing Bull's model on display. Another version is that he conceived the idea when picking up a comb dropped by his wife in a wheat field and noticing that it had caught on stalks of wheat and removed the heads. Ridley later returned to England, where he died.
#
"Rivett, Sir (Albert Cherbury) David",654,"0","g","0"
(1885-1961)
\IChemist and scientific administrator, instrumental in founding the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research.\i
Born in Tasmania, Rivett graduated in chemistry from the University of Melbourne in 1905 and became Rhodes scholar for Victoria in 1907. He worked at the Nobel Institute, Stockholm, and returned to Melbourne University where he was appointed to the posts of lecturer (1911), associate professor (1920) and professor (1924).
He is best remembered for his role in establishing the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) as a centre of excellence in pure and applied research in animal husbandry, agriculture, secondary industry and defence science. He served as chief executive officer and deputy chairman of CSIR from 1927, and as chairman from 1946-49.
Rivett maintained that research should not be constrained by either administrative or political pressures. When nuclear and espionage controversies in 1948 brought the conflicting needs for scientific freedom and national security into focus, Rivett opposed political pressures for research secrecy, and when the CSIR was reconstituted as the \JCSIRO\j in 1949, he resigned. He was president of the Australian Chemical Institute 1940-49, became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1941 and was knighted in 1935.
#
"Roberts, Thomas William (Tom)",655,"0","g","0"
(1856-1931)
\IImpressionist painter of the Australian bush and outback.\i
Born in England, \JTom Roberts\j came to Australia as a youth and worked in a photography studio in Collingwood, Melbourne, while studying art at the \JNational Gallery\j School. He went to London to study at the Royal Academy in 1881.
After a sketching tour of France and Spain, where he learnt of French impressionism, he returned to Australia in 1885. He then began trying to capture the light and colour of the Australian bush in his paintings. Inspired by Monet's views of Paris, he also painted city scenes, such as \IBourke Street Melbourne 1885-86.\i
He camped at Box Hill outside Melbourne with Frederick \JMcCubbin\j and at Eaglemont with Arthur Streeton and \JCharles Conder\j. Known as the Heidelberg School, from their painting excursions to that area, this group held Australia's first impressionist exhibition in 1889. Roberts was the main organiser of the exhibition. Much of his work was not so purely impressionistic as that of, for example, Conder. Many paintings showed a strong influence from the French Barbizon School and Roberts always kept some elements of realism and formalism.
On a trip to Corowa, New South Wales, he did the sketches for \IShearing the Rams\i (1890), one of his most noted paintings. He was the first painter to depict outback subjects. He also painted many portraits. In 1891 he and Streeton camped at Mosman in Sydney and in 1895 Roberts became first president of the New South Wales Society of Artists.
In 1901 he was commissioned to paint the opening of the first Commonwealth parliament in Melbourne. Incorporating many life-size portraits, this exhausting work was finished in 1903. After this Roberts went to Europe, serving as a hospital orderly in London during World War I, and returned to Australia in 1923, settling at Kallista in Victoria.
Roberts received little recognition from the official art world during his lifetime. However, his reputation continued to grow, particularly from the 1960s on. His work is now represented in the Australian \JNational Gallery\j in \JCanberra\j and in all state and many regional galleries.
#
"Robertson, George",656,"0","g","0"
(1860-1933)
\IBookseller who set up one of Australia's best known publishing houses.\i
Born in England, George Robertson trained as a bookseller and then migrated to New Zealand. He moved to Sydney in 1882 and joined the bookselling firm of George Robertson & Co. Ltd, the name being entirely coincidental. In 1886, in partnership with D.M. Angus, he set up a bookshop in Market Street, Sydney, later moving to Castlereagh Street.
In 1888 the firm expanded into publishing. Robertson had a number of different partners after Angus' death in 1901, notably Frederick Wymark, and in 1907 a public company, Angus & Robertson Ltd, was formed. Robertson, or 'GR' as he became known to many, had an instinct for selecting authors and was prepared to publish works he considered of quality even without financial reward.
His authors included \JHenry Lawson\j and \JDame Mary Gilmore\j. He also was interested in buying and selling Australiana, influencing such collectors as David Mitchell and playing a role in the establishment of the Mitchell Library. A selection of letters written to him, entitled \IDear Robertson: Letters to an Australian Publisher,\i edited by A.W. Barker, was published in 1982.
#
"Robertson, Sir John",657,"0","g","0"
(1816-91)
\IColonial politician who was five times premier of New South Wales and who introduced land laws allowing 'free selection'.\i
Born in England, Robertson emigrated to New South Wales with his parents in 1820. His family was granted land in the Hunter River district. In 1835 he took up land on the Liverpool Plains as a squatter. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly in 1856 where he played a leading role.
His stances, considered radical at the time, included support for manhood suffrage, voting by ballot, the provision of public education and, in particular, free selection of land which he argued would assist the development of agriculture. From the 1860s to the 1880s he was premier five times and the main opponent of \JHenry Parkes\j. His major achievement was his Land Bill of 1861 which allowed for 'free selection before survey' and closer settlement. He retired in 1886, returning to the public scene to argue against Federation.
#
"Robertson, Sir MacPherson",658,0,g,0
(1860-1945)
Sir MacPherson Robertson, the founder of an Australian confectionery company, was born on 6th September 1860. A great philanthropist, he gave away thousands of pounds to the unemployed during the Great Depression. His confectionery delights included the Vanilla Nougat, Cherry Ripe, Snack, OK Bars and Freddo Frogs. He died in 1945, aged 84.
#
"Robinson, George Augustus",659,"0","g","0"
(1788-1866)
\IMethodist lay preacher employed as guardian of Aborigines placed in camps on islands in Bass Strait.\i
Born in England, Robinson worked as an engineer before migrating in 1824 to Hobart where he became a builder, also, as a Methodist layman, doing charitable work such as visiting prisoners in gaol. In 1829 he was employed by Governor Arthur to put into place part of the latter's plan of separating Aborigines from the European population by rounding them all up and placing them on island sanctuaries. Robinson was appointed guardian of the Aborigines on Bruny Island, including \JTruganini\j and her husband. With their help he contacted Aborigines along the northern and western coasts, on the Bass Strait islands and at Oyster Bay.
In 1835 he took control of a new settlement on Flinders Island which he had founded. He tried to run the settlement along the lines of an English village and to inculcate English and Christian values in the Aborigines. The project was a failure, with most of the Aborigines succumbing to disease. In 1838 Robinson was appointed chief protector of Aborigines at Port Phillip by \JGovernor Gipps\j. This protectorate was similarly unsuccessful and was abandoned in 1849. Robinson returned to England in 1852.
#
"Roche, Imelda",660,0,g,0
(1934- )
Imelda Roche, Australian businesswoman and head of Nutri-Metics, was born at Stanmore in Sydney on 28th May 1934. She completed her education at St.Clares College Waverley, married her husband William Roche on 8th April 1961, and has one daughter, Clare. She acquired the parent company of Nutri-Metics in 1991 and set up world distribution headquarters in Sydney.
Her skincare company turned over $300 million in 1993 and was sold in 18 countries. On 10th May 1994, she was appointed to the Sydney Organising Committee for the Olympic Games (SOCOG), replacing Sally Anne Atkinson as the only woman on the committee. She also served as Chairperson of the World Federation of Direct Selling Associations.
#
"Rosenthal-Schneider, Ilse",661,0,g,0
(1891-1990)
Dr Ilse Rosenthal-Schneider, Australian philosopher and scientist, was born in Berlin in 1891. She became a close friend of Albert Einstein after attending his lectures on the "theory of relativity" in the 1920s. She then devoted her energies to Einstein's theories so that they could be understood by the average intelligent student. She fled Nazi Germany for Sydney, where she taught scientific German and the philosophy of science. She died in Sydney on 6th February 1990, aged 98, and is survived by her daughter Stephanie; her husband Hans died in 1968.
#
"Rouse, Edmund",662,0,g,0
(1926- )
Edmund Rouse, former Tasmanian media baron and convicted briber, was born in Brisbane on 2nd February 1926. Educated at the Diocesan School in Cape Town, South Africa, and King's School in Sydney, he graduated from Leeds University with a Bachelor of Science degree. He moved to Tasmania in 1951 when he married Dorothy Rolf, the daughter of the owner of the Launceston \Iexaminer\i newspaper, and is the father of three daughters, Angela, Diana, and Virginia, a former Miss Victoria.
The Rolf family were almost original members of Launceston's establishment. The family empire under Rouse's ENT Group owned both Hobart's TVT-6 and Launceston's TNT-9 TV stations, radio 7EX and 7HT, as well as provincial TV stations at Shepparton and Ballarat in Victoria. On 30th April 1990, he pleaded guilty to offering a $100,000 bribe to Tasmanian politician James Cox to "cross the floor" of the Tasmanian Parliament to protect his timber cutting interests from the "Greenies". Rouse believed that the instability of a Labor minority government surviving with the support of five Green Independents would be bad for Tasmania.
On Monday, 7th May 1990 he was sentenced to three years jail and fined $4,000 for misusing his position as a media owner. His accomplice, radio 3UZ sales manager Tony Alois, was sentenced to 12 months jail for attempting to set up the deal.
\IWriter noted for his humorous portrayals of the struggles of Australian rural pioneers; creator of the Dad and Dave characters who appeared in the On Our Selection series.\i
Born near Toowoomba, Queensland, into a large family who lived on a small selection, Arthur Davis had left school by the age of twelve and worked at various pastoral odd jobs before being employed as a clerk by the public service in Brisbane. His first published articles were on rowing, one of his pastimes. He adopted the pseudonym of Steele Rudd - 'Steele' for the English essayist, Richard Steele, and 'Rudd' short for 'rudder'.
The first of his many sketches in the \IBulletin\i appeared in 1895, from which time he received the encouragement of J.F. Archibald. Twenty six of these were included, with illustrations, in \IOn Our Selection\i (1899), revised so that they all concentrated on one pioneering family, the Rudds. In 1902 he founded \ISteele Rudd's Magazine\i and published \IOur New Selection,\i a sequel to \IOn Our Selection.\i Retrenched from his position in the public service in 1904, he decided to concentrate on writing.
He published numerous further sequels to \IOn Our Selection,\i including \IBack at Our Selection\i (1906) and \IFrom Selection to City\i (1909). Taken from the experiences of his youth, though the characters are not based directly on the members of his own family, these give a comic but essentially realistic portrayal of the lives of small selectors. \IOn Our Selection\i was a long-time bestseller and has been made into plays, films both silent and talking, and radio and television series, with the Dad and Dave characters becoming part of the national folklore.
#
"Ruhen, Olaf",664,0,g,0
(1911-89)
Olaf Ruhen, New Zealand journalist and author, was born in Dunedin, New Zealand on 24th August 1911, the son of a German immigrant. He served in the Royal New Zealand Air Force in WWII flying Lancaster bombers, and later settled in Australia. He came to fame after his short stories were published in the \ISaturday Evening Post.\i He arrived in Australia in 1947 and worked as a journalist until 1957 when he became a full-time author. His works include \INaked Under Capricorn, Tangoras God Child, Minerva Reef, The Broken Wing, Land of the Dalahari, White Man's Shoes\i and \IHarpoon In My Hand.\i He died in a Sydney Hospital, aged 77, on 16th July 1989.
#
"Ruse, James",665,"f\1\jisrael.jpg","c","0"
(1760-1837)
\IPioneer farmer who was the first emancipated convict to receive a land grant.\i
\JJames Ruse\j arrived in New South Wales in 1788 with the First Fleet, having been convicted in England of breaking and entering and sentenced to seven years transportation. In 1789 his sentence expired and \JGovernor Phillip\j allowed him to have an area of land at Rose Hill, now Parramatta, as an experiment to see how long it would take an emancipist to become self-supporting.
By diligent but primitive methods, he grew wheat and maize and was able to maintain himself by 1791 when he was granted the land, this being the first land grant to an ex-convict. He sold the land in 1793 and farmed several other grants, including an area on the Hawkesbury River. He thus became one of the settlers who opened up land previously considered unsuitable for agriculture. Ruse died at Macquarie Fields. The claim on his tombstone that he grew 'The Forst Grain' [\Isic\i] is inaccurate, wheat having been planted earlier by the chaplain of the colony, Richard Johnson.
\BDescription:\b Elizabeth and James Ruse's gravestones \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
#
"Russell, Jim",666,0,g,0
(1909- )
Jim Russell, black and white cartoonist and artist, was born James Newton Russell in Sydney on 26th March 1909. He took over the drawing of \IThe Potts\i in January 1940, featuring such characters as Uncle Dick. The strip had been started by Stan Cross and made its debut in \ISmithÆs Weekly\i under the title of \IYou and Me\i in July 1920. The strip has appeared for over 50 years in the \IMelbourne Sun,\i the Sydney \ISun Herald,\i the \IAdelaide Advertiser\i and the \IBrisbane Courier Mail.\i
Russell claims it takes six hours a day to draw the strip and 24 to think up the ideas. In 1993, aged 84, he was still drawing a daily comic strip six days a week, plus a Sunday feature for the Sunday \ISun Herald.\i He has served as Vice President of the Lawn Tennis Association. He has owned a number of travel agencies and also served as National President of the Australian Travel Agents.
#
"Ruxton, Bruce",667,0,g,0
(1926- )
Bruce Ruxton, controversial President of the Australian RSL, Returned Services League, was born in Melbourne in 1926. He served as a rifleman in the Australian Army from 1943 and as President of the Victorian branch of the Returned Services League, came to fame for his attacks on Australia's immigration policy of Asians in 1987. He married Ruth Proud on 5th June 1952 and had one son Ian; Ruth died in 1988. He married his second wife, Jill McMahon, aged 63, in Melbourne on the 16th April 1996.
#
"Ryan, Ronald Joseph",668,"f\1\rryan.jpg","c","0"
(1925-67)
\IThe last person to be hanged in Australia.\i
Ryan was born in Melbourne. His criminal record for stealing, unlawful possession of firearms and explosives, shop-breaking, forgery and false pretences began in 1956. In 1965 he was serving his third sentence in Pentridge Gaol. Soon after this imprisonment he began planning to escape with the hope of eventually reaching the safety of Brazil. The escape plan, which also involved another prisoner, Peter Walker, was put into effect on 19 December.
They got as far as the street where they were pursued by warders, one of whom was shot dead in the melee. Ryan, who had been armed, was recaptured seventeen days later, charged with the murder of the warder, Hodson, found guilty and sentenced to death. A series of appeals, including to the High Court of Australia and to the Queen, failed and he was hanged in Pentridge Gaol on 3 February 1967. There remains a considerable body of evidence that throws doubt on Ryan's guilt.
\BDescription:\b Ronald Ryan \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
\IConservative political activist, president of the National Civic Council since 1957.\i
Born in Melbourne, Bob Santamaria graduated in law from the University of Melbourne and became actively involved in conservative Catholic organisations such as the Catholic Social Movement which he himself founded in 1941 to combat the influence of communists in trade unions and of which he was president 1943-57. His mission was to bring about the reconstruction of society on Catholic social principles, which for him involved a virulent anti-communism.
The Movement, accused of trying to take over the Labor Party, played a large part in the Labor split of the mid 1950s and the formation of the Democratic Labor Party which Santamaria supported throughout its existence. In 1957 the Movement was succeeded by the National Civic Council of which Santamaria remains president. An articulate right wing intellectual, his influence has waned of recent years. His publications include \IThe Price of Freedom\i (1964).
#
"Sarich, Ralph*",670,"0","g","0"
(1938-)
\IEngineer who invented the orbital internal combustion engine.\i
Born near Perth of Yugoslav parents, Sarich trained as a fitter and turner. After studying engineering at night school, he set up his own engineering company which first had successes in the development of agricultural equipment, including an orchard spray and an earthmoving scoop. But Sarich's major interest was in engines and, with colleagues in the company, he began the work which resulted in the invention of the orbital engine. He studied the problems of all the registered rotary engines over the last century and from this emerged the principle of the orbital engine. By 1973 he had perfected his fourth prototype with seven combustion chambers for even firing.
Later in 1973 Sarich appeared on the ABC television program, \IThe Inventors,\i demonstrating the benefits of this engine, which include smallness, smooth running, quietness and reduced emission of fumes and gases. As a result of this publicity, Sarich was approached by BHP, and the Orbital Engine Company Pty Ltd, a joint venture between Sarich Technologies Trust and BHP, was formed to develop the engine. This company has subsequently signed licensing agreements with a number of automotive and marine groups, including Ford of America.
The Orbital Engine Company now holds some 540 patents and is building a manufacturing plant in Michigan in the United States. Following its 1991 listing on Wall Street and the successful raising of a large amount of capital, Sarich stated that it was likely that the company would move permanently from Perth to the United States.
#
"Saw, Ron",671,0,g,0
(1929-93 )
Ron Saw, brilliant Australian journalist, was born Charles Ron Stuart Saw in Perth in 1929, to a family which held the number one seat on the Western Australian stock exchange. He began his career as a cadet journalist at the \IDaily News\i in Kalgoorlie and in 1957 joined the \ISydney Daily Telegraph,\i and became well known for his weekly columns in the \IBulletin.\i
In 1979, he suffered from two strokes which severely handicapped his speech. His account of his ordeal earned him the Graham Perkins Journalist of the Year Award. He had five children: Andrew, Jody, James, Patrick, and Ben, and in 1982 he left Sydney to live in Noosa with his third wife, Ellie. He died at the Noosa Hospital in Queensland after a massive heart attack on 14th August 1993, aged 63.
#
"Scarf, Ruben F.",672,0,g,0
(1913-93)
Ruben F. Scarf, Australian menswear retailer, was born in northern New South Wales to Lebanese parents in 1913. His father was a travelling hawker selling goods door-to-door in country towns, before he opened his first store at Hillgrove in 1906, seven years before Ruben was born. The family moved to Sydney after WWI.
In his book \IThe Key is Three\i, Scarf paid tribute to the philosophies of Dale Carnegie and his strong Catholic faith. He died on 23rd November 1993, aged 80. He was survived by his second wife Mary and seven children.
#
"Schubert, Max",673,0,g,0
(1915-94)
Max Schubert, Australian winemaking pioneer, was born to a Barossa Valley blacksmith, in South Australia on 9th February 1915. After leaving school in 1931, he worked his way up in the Penfold's company, starting as a messenger, to become Penfold's chief winemaker from 1948 until 1975.
In 1950, he went to Europe looking for grapes to develop a vintage Australian red which would live for 20 years. He used Shiraz (hermitage) grapes and American Oak, but at first tasters did not like it, and it was not until 1960 that it was applauded. The wine became the classic Grange Hermitage, and on 22nd June 1990, Max received the Mount Pleasant Maurice O'Shea award for his outstanding contribution to Australian wine. He died in the Barossa Valley on 6th March 1994, aged 79.
#
"Scott, Andrew George",674,"f\1\king0027.jpg","c","0"
(\JCaptain Moonlite\j) (1842-80)
\IPreacher turned bank robber and bushranger.\i
Scott was born in Northern Ireland, the son of an Anglican clergyman, and trained as an engineer. He came to Australia during the gold rushes and, after fighting in the Second Maori War in New Zealand, became a preacher (stipendiary lay reader) in the Church of England. In 1869 he robbed his local bank at Mount Egerton in Victoria, of which the manager was his friend but his status as a preacher allowed him to avoid suspicion for long enough to escape to New South Wales.
Soon afterwards, he was arrested in Sydney for passing a worthless cheque, and served eighteen months before being sent back to Victoria to stand trial for the earlier bank robbery. He was sentenced to ten years gaol but was released in 1879. Soon after his release, Scott turned to bushranging, adopting the name of '\JCaptain Moonlite\j' and gathering around him a group of youths, one of whom was only fifteen years old. The gang was rounded up by police when they held up the Wantabadgery station near Wagga Wagga in November 1879.
Two of the gang were killed and one policeman was shot dead by Scott. At the subsequent trial in Sydney, Scott pleaded for the lives of his surviving three companions: '..let me be the victim and spare these youths. God created them for something better than the gallows.' Scott and one other of the gang were hanged in Darlinghurst Gaol in January 1880. The death sentences of the other two were commuted to life imprisonment. Government rewards were given to the arresting policemen, supplemented by a public subscription organised by the \ISydney Morning Herald.\i Scott's execution was the main story in the first issue of the \IBulletin.\i
James is a doctor who studied medicine at the University of Queensland. He was Queensland Karate Champion for the 75 kg to 80 kg division and a gold medal winner at the 1990 Oceania Cup in New Caledonia; but to his astonishment is known around the world as the Ice Man.
Against all the odds and to the complete bewilderment of the majority of the medical profession, James endured a staggering 43 days lost in the Himalayas, protected only by the overhang of a sheer cliff face. His sister, Joanne Robertson, orchestrated an amazing search and rescue party, never giving up hope that James was still alive, and reuniting him with his fiancee and family having missed Christmas, his 23rd birthday and his engagement party.
In December 1992, James returned to the Himalayas with Joanne, his wife Gaye and the \I60 Minutes\i team to make a documentary of his incredible survival and rescue, and has since co-written a book of his ordeal with Joanne Robertson which has been translated into seven languages world wide. It is published in Australia by Lothian Books.
His story may well be the stuff of which legends are made.
\IThis information and photograph supplied courtesy of Harry M. Miller & Co. Management.\i
\BDescription:\b James Scott \I(Harry M. Miller & Co. Management)\i
#
"Scott, Rose",676,"0","g","0"
(1847-1925)
\ISocial reformer and feminist.\i
Born in Glendon, New South Wales, \JRose Scott\j was appointed secretary of the Women's Suffrage League in 1891. The League was disbanded after the passing of the New South Wales Women's Suffrage Act in 1902. It was succeeded by the Women's Political Educational League of which Scott was president 1902-10, campaigning for reform in laws affecting women and children.
Many legislative improvements resulted, including the creation of formally separate children's courts in the Neglected Children and Juvenile Offenders Act of 1905. She was for a time international secretary of the National Council of Women of New South Wales. She was an opponent of federation and campaigned as a pacifist during the Boer War and World War I. Scott moved in a circle of well known politicians and writers and asserted influence through them as much as through her organisations. She was a cousin of the book collector David Mitchell.
#
"Scullin, James Henry",677,"f\1\scullin.jpg","c","0"
(1876-1953)
\ILabor politician who was prime minister of Australia 1929-32.\i
Scullin, who was born in \JBallarat\j, Victoria, had little education. He ran a grocery store and became an organiser for the Australian Workers' Union and an active member of the Labor Party. He was a member of the House of Representatives from 1910 to 1913 and became president of the Victorian branch of the party in 1917, while working as a journalist. He was re-elected to parliament in 1922. He became leader of the Labor Party in 1928 and prime minister after electoral victory in 1929.
Immediately faced with the problems of the Depression, the Scullin government was hampered by a hostile Senate, uncooperative state premiers and internal divisions. After numerous desertions, including that of \JJoseph Lyons\j, Scullin was forced to an election in which his government was well beaten by the newly formed United Australia Party under Lyons. Scullin remained party leader until 1935, was a close adviser to his successor, \JJohn Curtin\j, and retired from politics in 1949.
\BDescription:\b James Scullin \I(Jonathan King)\i
#
"Seidler, Harry",678,"0","g","0"
(1923-)
\IArchitect noted for his high rise buildings in the functional style.\i
Seidler was born in Austria and studied architecture at Harvard University in the United States under Walter Gropius. After working in New York and Brazil, he came to Australia and in 1948 set up an architectural practice in Sydney. He became a very successful domestic architect, although attracting some criticism for his functional style. In the 1960s he began designing high-rise public buildings with commissions in Australia, Mexico and Hong Kong.
His best known buildings in Sydney are Australia Square and the MLC Centre. In 1991 he won his fifth Sulman Medal (for Grosvenor Place in Sydney). Other awards and distinctions have included the Royal Australian Institute of Architects Gold Medal (1976), the Gold Medal of the City of Vienna (1989) and becoming the first Australian member of the Academie D'Architecture, Paris (1982).
Seidler won the 1996 Royal Gold Medal for Architecture, by the Royal Institute of British Architects, one of the world's most significant architecture awards.
#
"Shann, Edward Owen Giblin",679,"0","g","0"
(1884-1935)
\IEconomist whose writings opposed protection and planning.\i
Edward Shann was born in Hobart and studied at the London School of Economics. He lectured at several Australian universities and was professor of history and economics at the University of Western Australia 1913-31 and of economics alone 1931-34.
He served as a member of the 1931 committee chaired by D. Copland that produced the Premiers' Plan and collaborated on several books with Copland. His major work was his \IEconomic History of Australia\i (1930). The theme of his work was his strong opposition to protection and planning.
#
"Shepherd, Bruce",680,0,g,0
(1932- )
Dr. Bruce Shepherd, leading Australian orthopedic surgeon, was born in Tamworth, New South Wales on 26th October 1932. After completing his education at Christian Brothers Mount Carmel College in Tamworth, he came to Sydney in 1948 and began his studies in dentistry at Sydney University. He represented the university in rowing, swimming and rugby, and after graduating as a dentist, he studied medicine and became one of Australia's leading orthopedic surgeons.
He married Annette Hooker, daughter of L.J. Hooker, in 1961, and had two children Penelope (1962) and Daniel (1964), both deaf from birth. However, as a result of their handicap, he established the Shepherd Centre to help the deaf in 1969, and both children subsequently learnt to talk. His wife Annette died in 1986 after a long illness, and in 1991 Dr. Shepherd was named New South Wales Father of the Year.
#
"Short, Benjamin",681,0,g,0
(1833-1912)
Benjamin Short, founder of the Sydney City Mission, was born in London in 1833, the son of a spice merchant. He became a wheelwright and coachmaker after leaving school. After joining an insurance company, he visited many slums in London where he became influenced by the work of David Naismith, who established the London City Mission in 1885. Short married Elizabeth Thomas in 1856 and four years later arrived in Sydney and joined AMP as a door-to-door salesman.
He founded the Sydney City Mission on 11th June 1862. The Mission's Christmas Day lunch served over 4,000 and became unmanageable after 1893 so gift parcels were introduced for the needy. His wife pre-deceased him and he was survived by two sons and seven daughters. Today the Mission operates 80 centres in New South Wales alone. He died from the flu, aged 85, on 10th June 1912.
\IEnglish writer who emigrated to Australia after writing the well known novel A Town Like Alice (1950).\i
Born in London and educated at Oxford, Nevil Norway became an aeronautical engineer and established a company which built fighter planes for the RAF. He left the company in 1938 to write full-time. \IMarazan,\i the first of his twenty novels, had been published in 1926 under the Nevil Shute pseudonym.
In World War II he worked for the British government on the development of rockets and other weapons. The novel \IPied Piper\i (1942), based on his war experiences, made him known throughout the English speaking world. He visited Australia in 1949 and collected material for \IA Town Like Alice,\i which was published in 1950 after his return to England and was immediately successful. The same year he migrated to Australia with his family, settling on a farm in Victoria.
Further novels written in Australia included \IOn the Beach\i (1957) which envisaged Australia as the temporary last refuge after a nuclear war. Like much of his other work, it combines a gripping narrative and readable style with sound technical knowledge and a believable construction of the future. Both \IA Town Like Alice\i and \IOn the Beach\i have been filmed and in 1982 \IA Town Like Alice\i was made into a successful television mini-series shown around the world.
#
"silverchair",683,f\1\34500028.jpg,c,0
Formed in 1992 in Newcastle, silverchair shot to prominence in June 1994 when they were chosen from over 800 entries to win a nationwide demo competition conducted by Nomad, an alternative music program, on SBS. As winners, their prize included a day in the recording studio of radio station Triple J and a video clip courtesy of Nomad featuring their winning song, "Tomorrow".
In an unusual move, Triple J began airing the song before silverchair had released it. By the time silverchair had signed to Murmur (through Sony) and put out their first EP in September 1994, titled "Tomorrow", there was an audience already hungry for their music.
Their EP "Tomorrow" sold rapidly. It spent six weeks at number one on the ARIA singles chart and two weeks at number one on the alternative singles chart. It was the fifth most successful Australian single ever, reached double platinum sales in Australia and reached number one in New Zealand.
The band's debut album, titled "Frogstomp", was recorded in just nine days in late December/early January 1995. When "Frogstomp" was released in Australia in late March 1995 it was certified platinum in one week and ultimately reached triple platinum sales in Australia (over 210,000 copies). After its worldwide release it reached double platinum in the US (over 2 million copies), double platinum in Canada (over 200,000 copies), platinum in New Zealand (over 15,000 copies) and gold in the Philippines.
In October 1995, silverchair took home five of the most prestigious awards at the Australian Record Industry Awards. These were: Best New Talent, Best Debut Single ("Tomorrow"), Best Australian Single ("Tomorrow"), Highest Selling Single ("Tomorrow") and Best Debut Album ("Frogstomp"). At the 1996 ARIAs, silverchair won an award for outstanding achievement.
silverchair began pre-production on their eagerly awaited new album in May 1996 and were announced winners of the World's Highest Selling Australian Band at the World Music Awards.
Their second album, "Freak Show" was released worldwide on February 3, 1997.
Members of silverchair include: Daniel Johns (guitar/vocals), Ben Gillies (drums) and Chris Joannou (bass).
\I(Text and photograph supplied courtesy of Sony Music Entertainment (Aust) Ltd and Murmur Music)\i
\BDescription:\b Silverchair \I(Sony Music Entertainment (Aust) Ltd and Murmur Music)\i.
#
"Singer, Peter",684,0,g,0
(1946- )
Professor Peter Singer, Australian academic, was born in Melbourne on 6th July 1946. He has served as professor of philosophy at Monash University in Victoria since 1977 and is the only Australian to write a regular column for the New York \IReview of Books.\i His book \IAnimal Liberation\i (1975), was an international best seller. He is deeply respected for his contribution to the debate on invitro fertilisation and embryo experimentation. In 1991, Barry Jones named him one of Australia's most magnificent 17 brains.
#
"Singleton, John",685,0,g,0
(1941- )
John Singleton, Australian advertising guru, was born in Sydney on 9th November 1941. He has been married four times, including to Margie (a son Jack 1972); model Maggie Eigghart; former Miss World, Belinda Green (two daughters Sally 1985 and Jesse 1983); and his fourth wife, television hostess Elizabeth Hayes in July 1991, but they separated less than a year later. His current partner and fellow employee, Jenny Murrant, gave birth to their first child, Joe, in September 1993.
His first agency set up by himself and a group of friends was called Spasm. Then followed Doyle Dane and Burnbach. He hosted a late night television talk show on Channel 10 Sydney in 1981 and worked on 2KY for four years from 1980. He now runs John Singleton Advertising in Sydney. In September 1997, he hit the headlines after a magistrate dismissed a speeding charge against him of 160km/hr in a 110km/hr area. Also in September 1997 Singleton was appointed a director of AustraliaÆs Olympic team with media and public relations responsibilities.
#
"Skase, Christopher",686,"f\1\cskase.jpg","c","0"
(1948-)
\ICompany director whose 1980s entrepreneurial activity in the media world led to bankruptcy in the 1990s.\i
Born and educated in Melbourne, Skase's business activities culminated in his becoming chairman of Qintex Ltd in 1977. Its ventures in property development, including the owning of the Mirage resort group, brought huge personal wealth and the incentive to expand into television ownership.
At the height of his success, he bought the Sydney Seven Television Network for $700 million in 1987 and in 1988 added a Hawaiian resort to his Mirage group. However, borrowing for a $1.2 billion bid for the Hollywood MGM/United Artists studio in 1989 led to the collapse of the group and Qintex went into receivership late in that year.
Once known for the extravagance of his lifestyle, in 1991 Skase declared himself bankrupt with personal debts of more than $170 million. Now residing in Spain and claiming ill health, he had failed to return to Australia in early 1992 to face court charges in relation to Qintex and attempts by banks and the Taxation Office to recover huge debts.
A 1995 appeal by Australian officials to have Skase extradited failed, and the Spanish courts allowed Skase to stay. Miraculously, the very day he found out he was free, his oxygen mask and wheelchair were thrown away and he went back to his very extravagant lifestyle once again.
\BDescription:\b Christopher Skase \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
#
"Skase, Pixie",687,0,g,0
(1942- )
Pixie Skase, wife of failed Australian media mogul Christopher Skase, was born Joanne Nanette Dixon in Melbourne on 28th May 1942. Raised in North Balwyn, she was educated at Melbourne's Methodist Ladies College. She married Skase, her third husband and seven years her junior, in March 1979. Pixie has three daughters and one step-daughter.
#
"Slessor, Kenneth Adolf",688,"0","g","0"
(1901-71)
\IPoet and journalist whose poems include 'Five Bells' (1939) and 'Beach Burial' (1944).\i
Kenneth Slessor was born in Orange, New South Wales, with the surname Schloesser, which the family anglicised during World War I. He was educated in Sydney and became a reporter. The papers he worked for included the Sydney \ISun,\i the Melbourne \IHerald, Smith's Weekly,\i of which he was editor in chief (1927-39), and the Sydney \IDaily Telegraph,\i where he was feature and editorial writer in the 1950s. In World War II he was appointed official war correspondent by the Australian government and covered many campaigns before resigning because of differences with the army authorities.
He began writing poetry in the 1920s when he was a member of the 'Bohemian' group led by \JNorman Lindsay\j, though he later abandoned Lindsay's influence. His volumes of poetry include \IEarth visitors\i (1926), \ICuckooz Contrey\i (1932), \IFive Bells: XX Poems\i (1939) and \IPoems\i (1957). Almost all his poems, with a few exceptions, notably the war poem 'Beach Burial', were written before World War II.
Slessor remained active in the world of literature, however, and compiled the anthology \IAustralian Poetry\i (1945) and co edited \IThe Penguin Book of Australian Verse\i (1958). 'Five Bells', published in the volume of the same name, is one his best known poems and generally considered his finest. An elegy for a dead friend, it is both emotional and intellectual in its consideration of the victory of time over human relationships, and virtually marked the end of Slessor's poetic inspiration.
#
"Slim, Sir William",689,0,g,0
(1891-1970)
Sir William Slim, former field Marshall and Australian Governor General, was born at Bristol, Gloucestershire, England on 6th August 1891. He served in WWI at Gallipoli and France and joined the Indian Army, serving in the Gurka Rifles. A British Field Marshal and Chief of the Imperial General Staff in WWII, he turned back an attempted Japanese invasion of India and defeated the Japanese armies at Myanmar (Burma) during WWII. He became the 13th Governor General of Australia in 1953, serving six years. He died in London on 14th December 1970, aged 79.
#
"Small, Sir Bruce",690,0,g,0
(1895-1980)
Sir Bruce Small, Australian bicycle manufacturer, was born Andrew Bruce Small at Ryde in Sydney on 11th December 1895. He pioneered the development and sales of the Malvern Star bike, in conjunction with champion cyclist, Sir Hubert Opperman, which became Australia's biggest selling bicycle. Chairman of dozens of charity organisations and former mayor of the Gold Coast, he was responsible for the development and promotion of Queensland's Gold Coast. As mayor from 1967, and a state member of parliament from 1972-77, he was responsible for the bikini-clad Parking Metre Maids. He died at his Isle of Capri home in Queensland on 1st May 1980, aged 85.
#
"Smith, Maria Ann (Granny)",691,"0","g","0"
(1801?-70)
\IPioneer orchardist who cultivated the \JGranny Smith\j apple.\i
While living at Eastwood in Sydney, in 1868 Maria Smith cultivated an apple from the seeds of a tasmanian apple, which became known as the \JGranny Smith\j apple. Further specimens were cultivated by her sons-in-law and another orchardist. Large scale plantings were made from the 1890s on.
#
"Smith, Richard Harold (Dick)",692,"0","g","0"
(1944-)
\IBusiness executive, publisher, aviator and adventurer.\i
Born in Sydney, \JDick Smith\j enrolled in courses in electrical engineering at the University of Sydney and in electronics at Technical College but did not complete either qualification. He became a radio enthusiast in the workshop of his grandfather, the photographer Harold Cazneaux, and in 1961 he began repairing and installing taxi cab radios for an electronics firm. In 1968 he founded the retail chain \JDick Smith\j Electronics, selling the business in 1982 to finance his activities in publishing, exploration, aviation and philanthropy.
Smith's aviation achievements include the first round-the-world solo helicopter flight (1983), the first helicopter flight to the North Pole (1987) and the first round-the-world flight via both Poles (1988). He is a strong supporter of the Life Education Centres established by \JTed Noffs\j and campaigns actively to oppose the advertising of cigarettes and alcohol to young people.
In 1986 he began publishing the quarterly \IAustralian Geographic\i and acquired \IThe Australian Encyclopaedia\i in 1987. He was named Australian of the Year in 1987. In 1990 Smith was appointed chairman of the Civil Aviation Authority and in 1997 he was appointed deputy chairman of the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA).
#
"Smith, (William) Joshua",693,"0","g","0"
(1905-)
\IPainter, especially of portraits; the subject of Dobell's controversial Archibald Prize winning painting in 1943.\i
Born in Sydney, Joshua Smith studied art at the East Sydney Technical College and at the \JJulian Ashton\j Art School. With a reputation as a good, traditionalist painter, Smith was appointed to work with a group of camouflage artists for the Australian government in World War II.
\JWilliam Dobell\j was also a member of the group and at this time did the sketches of Smith that became the painting Portrait of an Artist, which won the 1943 Archibald Prize. This came to dominate Smith's life at the expense of his own career as an artist. His personal appearance was a key part of the evidence at the court case that followed the challenging of Dobell's painting as a caricature rather than a portrait.
It overshadowed Smith's own winning of the Archibald Prize in 1944 with a traditional portrait of H.S. Rosevear, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, and his long career as a painter since. His work is represented in the state art galleries of New South Wales, South Australia and Queensland, in the Australian \JWar Memorial\j in \JCanberra\j and in several regional galleries.
#
"Smith Brothers",694,"0","g","0"
\IAviators who pioneered the England-Australia route in 1919.\i
Sir Keith Macpherson Smith (1890-1955) and Sir Ross Smith (1892-1922) were born in Adelaide. At the start of World War I both brothers were working as sales representatives. Ross enlisted, served at Gallipoli and then joined the Australian Flying Corps. During 1918 he was T.E. Lawrence's pilot in the Middle East. Keith, rejected from the army for health reasons, went to England where he was commissioned in the Royal Flying Corps but did not take part in war action.
In 1919 Australian prime minister, \JBilly Hughes\j, offered a prize of ú10,000 for the first Australian crew to fly from London to Australia in less than 720 hours in a British built machine. Ross and Keith Smith, with two mechanics, set off from London on 12 November in a Vickers Vimy biplane, survived severe storms over Europe and monsoons over India to arrive in Darwin on 10 December - a total time of 668 hours of which 135 hours 50 minutes was actual flying time.
In February 1920 they landed on Flemington racecourse, Melbourne, to a huge public reception. They were presented with the prize money and both knighted. Ross Smith was killed in a plane crash in England in 1922. Keith Smith was employed by Vickers Ltd from 1923 and became their Australian representative and director of several other companies in Australia.
#
"Snedden, Sir Billy",695,0,g,0
(1926-87)
Sir Billy Snedden, former leader of the Australian Liberal Party and Speaker in the House of Representatives, was born in Perth on 31st December 1926, one of six children to Scottish parents. In Parliament, Snedden was a supporter of Prime Minister Bob Menzies and was appointed Attorney General from 1963-66, then he took over the Immigration portfolio. He was minister for Labor and National Service from 1969-71 during the Vietnam War, and Treasurer and Deputy Leader of the Liberal Party from 1971-72.
He became Leader of the Liberal Party, replacing Bill McMahon, after the disastrous 1972 election in which Gough Whitlam was elected Prime Minister. He was unable to beat Labor in the 1974 campaign and was challenged for the leadership on two occasions by Malcolm Fraser, who finally became Leader. When the Liberals regained power in March of 1975, he moved to the speaker's chair and was knighted in 1978. After 28 years as an MP, he quit parliament after the change of government in 1983, because he believed a new Speaker should not be undermined by a predecessor lurking in the wings.
He returned to the bar and became a board member for a number of companies, as well as Chairman of the Melbourne Football club for two years. Sir Billy married Joy Forsythe in 1950 and they lived with their twin daughters and two sons in the Melbourne suburb of Ringwood, but later separated. He died at the Rushcutters Bay Travelodge Motel in Sydney on 27th June 1987, aged 60, while campaigning for the 1987 election.
#
"Somers, Daryl",696,"f\1\dsommer.jpg","c","0"
In 1968, 17 year old Daryl Somers first first walked into the studios of GTV9 Melbourne to appear on \INew Faces\i. Three years later, after a second \INew Faces\i appearance that culminated in the Grand Final, Daryl auditioned for the role of host of \ICartoon Corner.\i
Today, Daryl Somers is one of Australia's most respected entertainers and host of its longest running and most watched television program, \IHey Hey It's Saturday.\i
Daryl's major break with the Nine Network came on July 14, 1971 when he began a five and a half year stint with \ICartoon Corner.\i On October 9 that year the first edition of \IHey Hey It's Saturday\i went to air. Beginning as a cartoon program co-hosted by Daryl and former footballer Peter McKenna, \IHey Hey It's Saturday\i has evolved into an entertainment program second to none.
It is no surprise Daryl is a natural when it comes to entertaining. His father was a vocalist and drummer and his mother a dancer. At the tender age of four Daryl would try his hand at his father's drum kit.
During his first eight years with the Nine Network Daryl hosted \IThe Graham Kennedy Show,\i appeared on all tonight shows of the era, compered \IBandstand\i and the \IKing of Pop Awards\i in 1976 and 1977 and the TV Week Logie Awards in 1988, 1991 and 1996. Daryl also won his own tonight show and comedy special with side-kick Ossie Ostrich.
Never happy unless taking on new and challenging projects, Daryl turned his hand to game show host with three and a half years as compere of \IFamily Feud\i and a stint as host of \IBlankety Blanks.\i
After those initial appearances on \INew Faces,\i Daryl Somers has continued his singing career with numerous concerts across the length and breadth of Australia. He has sung with the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra, appeared in \IAustralia Live,\i the four-hour television spectacular to mark the star of the Bicentennial Year and starred as Sancho Panza in the smash-hit musical, \IMan of La Mancha.\i
Daryl's largest audience was the 120 million people worldwide who watched him sing \IWaltzing Matilda\i and \IAdvance Australia Fair\i at the 1987 VFL Grand Final at the Melbourne Cricket Ground.
So well known and respected Australia wide, Daryl was chosen by British Telecom to front their "phone home" campaign. Closer to home, the Northern Territory Tourism Authority selected Daryl Somers above all others to be their face in the southern states and compere their local tourism awards. Daryl has also been crowned King of Moomba and made Ambassador of the City of Melbourne by the Tourism Authority.
During his 25 years or so as one of television's most enduring stars, Daryl Somers has won 15 TV Week Logie awards, including three prestigious Gold Logies, and the Variety Club Gold Heart award.
Daryl is married to Julie da Costa, former Senior Artist with the Australian Ballet.
\IThis information and photograph supplied courtesy of TCN Channel Nine Pty Ltd.\i
\BDescription:\b Daryl Somers \I(TCN Channel Nine Pty Ltd)\i
#
"Sorrenti, Vince",697,0,g,0
(1960-)
Vince Sorrenti, Australian comedian, was born in Sydney on 21st March 1960, and grew up in the Sydney suburb of Punchbowl. He started as an architect after graduating from Sydney University in 1984, but spent his spare time on stage at the Comedy Store before appearing as a guest on national æTonightÆ shows. His catch phrase for many years was "Unbelievable". He has also appeared in every major Comedy Club in Manhattan in New York and has worked many US cities. In 1991, he hosted \ILetÆs Make a Deal\i for the Ten Network for six months.
#
"Souter, Harold",698,0,g,0
(1911-94)
Harold Souter, Australian union official and former secretary of the ACTU (Australian Council of Trade Unions), was born in Adelaide on 2nd October 1911. He started out as an engineering apprentice and tradesman between 1926 and 1941. He worked as an employment officer with the Department of Labor and National Service as a manpower specialist from 1942-46 and from 1946-54 was federal arbitration agent representing the Amalgamated Engineering Union. He became ACTU secretary in 1956 and retired in 1977. Married to Kathleen, they had two sons and a daughter; he died on 19th October 1994, aged 83.
#
"Southall, Ivan",699,"0","g","0"
(1921-)
\IWriter of books for children and teenagers including Hills End (1965) and Let the Balloon Go (1968).\i
Born in Melbourne, \JIvan Southall\j became a process engraver with the Melbourne \IHerald\i before serving with the RAAF in World War II. He returned to his former occupation after the war but in 1947 left regular employment to concentrate on writing. His series of children's books about the adventures of airman Simon Black was published 1950-61.
His later novels combine action with greater realism and are based on an identification with the feelings and problems of children and adolescents. These include \IHill's End\i (1962), \ILet the Balloon Go\i (1968), \IFinn's Folly\i (1969), \IHead in the Clouds\i (1972) and \IWhat about Tomorrow\i (1977). These have established him as one of Australia's leading writers of serious fiction for young people. He has won the Children's Book of the Year Award four times. He has also written books for adults, including biographies, a history of an RAAF squadron and a series of air war adventure stories.
#
"Spalvins, John",700,0,g,0
(1936- )
John Spalvins, Australian businessman, was born in Latvia on 26th May 1936 and came to Australia with his parents as a child. He left school at 16 to become a bank clerk and later went to night school to gain an economics degree. He joined the Adelaide Steamship Company in 1973 when it was a struggling tugboat operator and builder. He later became director and chief executive of Adelaide Steamship, David Jones, Tooth and Co Brewery, Petersville Sleigh, Edgell Birdseye, Industrial Equity, Woolworths, Big W and Liquor Plus, employing over 160,000 workers.
He married Cecily Rymill on 16th December 1961 and has two sons. However his world fell apart when, on 28th March 1991, he was sacked as chief executive after the flagship Adelaide Steamship Company lost $1.23 billion in the first half of the financial year.
#
"Spender, Sir Percy",701,0,g,0
(1897-1985)
Sir Percy Spender, Australian lawyer, politician, statesman and diplomat, was born Percy Clauder Spender in Sydney on 5th October 1897. He served as minister for the Army before WWII and in 1950 became president of the United Nations. He was Australian Ambassador to the USA from 1951 to 1958, and president of the International Court of Justice from 1964-67. He died on 3rd May 1985, aged 87.
#
"Spooner, John",702,0,g,0
(1946- )
John Spooner, Australian newspaper cartoonist, was born in Melbourne on 11th November 1946. After studying law at Monash University (where his drawings were first published) he travelled to London and worked as a law clerk. He returned to Melbourne and practised law while "moonlighting" as a cartoonist at the \ISunday Press\i, \IThe Age\i and \INational Times\i, before becoming a full-time cartoonist with \IThe Age\i in 1977. He illustrated several books, became an etcher in 1979, won the Walkley Award in 1982, and Stanley awards in 1984 and 1986. Married to journalist Olga, they have three children.
#
"Staley, Tony",703,0,g,0
(1939- )
Tony Staley, former Australian politician, was born in Melbourne on 15th May 1939. After completing his law degree, he worked for Australian Paper Manufacturers and joined the Liberal Party, at the same time lecturing in political science at Melbourne University. He went on to become one of Australia's best paid analysts, first for the ABC, then for the Nine Network, and has been known to boast that he has never called an election wrongly.
He entered Federal politics in 1970 and shared a Canberra house with Tony Street and Malcolm Fraser. He served as Minister for Capital Territories and then Post and Telecommunications, and was responsible for setting up SBS television before quitting politics in 1980. On retirement, he took on a mixed bag of directorships. In January 1990, he was seriously injured in a car accident and "died twice" while in intensive care.
In 1992, the Labor Government appointed him to the Telecommunications Industry Development Authority. In 1993, he stood as Federal President of the Liberal Party. Married to Elsa from 1962 until 1983, they have three sons and a daughter; he married his second wife, Cynthia on 8th September 1983.
#
"Stead, Christina Ellen",704,"0","g","0"
(1902-83)
\INovelist and short story writer widely regarded as one of Australia's greatest writers; novels include The Man who Loved Children (1941) and For Love Alone (1944).\i
Born and educated in Sydney, Stead was a teacher of disabled children and a correspondence teacher before leaving for London in 1928. She and her husband lived in several European countries and in the United States from 1937 to the end of World War II, where Stead worked as a Hollywood scriptwriter between writing novels. After the war they travelled in Europe and settled in England in 1953.
In these years Stead had published several novels which had brought her international recognition, including \ISalzburg Tales\i (1934), \IThe Beauties and the Furies\i (1936), \IThe Man who Loved Children\i (1941), \IFor Love Alone\i (1944) and \IThe People with the Dogs\i (1951). Her later works included \ICotter's England,\i which was published in 1965, the same year that her earlier novels were first published in Australia, where her long absence had caused recognition of her work to be slow.
She returned to Australia permanently in 1974, won the first \JPatrick White\j Award for literature in that year and published \IMiss Herbert (The Suburban Wife)\i in 1976. In 1982 she was made an honorary member of the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters. Her unusual, experimental style has not attracted a wide popular readership but her work is regarded as brilliant in its vocabulary, imagination, analysis of character and use of satire and fantasy.
#
"Stephen, Sir Ninian Martin",705,"0","g","0"
(1923-)
\IJudge and governor-general of Australia 1982-89.\i
Born in England, \JNinian Stephen\j came to Australia as a teenager and graduated in law from the University of Melbourne. He became a queen's counsel in 1966 and in 1972 was appointed a justice of the High Court of Australia. He left the bench in 1982 when he became governor-general. After stepping down from the governor-generalship in 1989 he was appointed Australia's first ambassador for the environment by the Hawke government, an apolitical role that requires the representation of Australia's view on environmental issues at international forums.
In early 1991 he was appointed to chair a short lived series of talks between British, Irish and Northern Ireland representatives on the future of Northern Ireland, and later in the year was named on a Commonwealth of Nations panel of observers to attend constitutional talks in South Africa. He was knighted in 1972 and appointed AK in 1982.
#
"Stephens, Alfred George",706,"0","g","0"
(1865-1933)
\ILiterary critic, editor and publisher who fostered the work of many Australian writers while in charge of the book publishing section of the Bulletin magazine.\i
A.G. Stephens was born in Toowoomba, Queensland, trained as a printer in Sydney and returned to Queensland where he held a number of posts as journalist and editor. After travelling in America, Canada and Europe, he was in 1894 appointed to the Sydney \IBulletin\i by J.F. Archibald and became editor of the literary section where his 'Red Page', appearing from 1896, became known for its commentary on Australian and overseas literature and for the publication of new poetry.
Stephens fostered the literary expression of the Australian nationalism of the turn of the century, taking over the book publishing section of the \IBulletin\i and publishing such works as Joseph Furphy's \ISuch is Life\i and Steele Rudd's \IOn Our Selection.\i After leaving the \IBulletin\i in 1906, following some disagreements with \JHenry Lawson\j and \JNorman Lindsay\j, he worked as a freelance writer, editor and publisher. He was a patron of, among others, \JJohn Shaw Neilson\j and published the first four volumes of his poetry.
In the 1920s he lectured widely on Australian literature. His own books include \I\JHenry Kendall\j: A Critical Review\i (1928) and \IChristopher Brennan: A Monograph\i (1933), as well as selections of his own essays and reviews and some poetry. He is regarded as one of Australia's foremost literary pioneers.
#
"Stokes, Kerry",707,0,g,0
(1940- )
Kerry Stokes, Australian Seven Network Chairman, was born in Melbourne on 13th September 1940. He was orphaned at an early age and adopted out, leaving school at 14. He started out as a radio repairman, cane cutter and grape picker, and at 18 had five transport trucks. He became a television technician in Perth before becoming a shopping centre developer. He eventually established the Golden West television network with Jack Bendat, serving the area of Bunbury and Manjimup in Western Australia which he later sold and bought back in 1987.
He purchased Canberra television station CTC-7 from Fairfax in 1980 and in 1986 won Perth's third licence to carry the Ten Network signal. In 1987, he bought Adelaide television and radio stations from Rupert Murdoch which he sold on in the same year to Frank Lowey from Westfield. He bought the \ICanberra Times\i in July 1989. In 1992, he married his third wife, actress Peta Toppano, but the pair parted in 1995.
He launched a share attack on the Seven Network in March 1995 and within 12 weeks, on 27th June, was company chairman. Along with American Kirk Kerkorian, Stokes and the Seven Network purchased 50% each of the MGM film empire on 16th July 1996.
#
"Stone, Emma Constance",708,"0","g","0"
(1856-1902)
\IFirst woman to be registered as a medical practitioner in Australia.\i
Born in Hobart, Stone was refused entry into the Melbourne University medical school because she was a woman, and left Australia in 1884 to study at the Philadelphia Medical Women's College in the United States. She undertook further studies (MD and CM) at the University of Toronto, Canada, and worked at the New Hospital for Women, London. She was awarded the Licentiate of the Society of Apothecaries and returned to Australia in 1889. In 1890 she became Australia's first registered woman physician.
The Queen Victoria Memorial Hospital for Women and Children was established in 1899 in Melbourne as a result of the work of Dr Stone and eight other women doctors who set up a committee in 1896 to found a public hospital for women. In 1891 Emma Stone's sisters, Mary Whyte and Grace Clara Stone, became the first women doctors to qualify in Australia. All three became honoraries at the Queen Victoria Memorial Hospital.
#
"Stow, (Julian) Randolph",709,"0","g","0"
(1935-)
\IWriter noted particularly for his novels such as To the Islands (1958) and The Merry-go-Round in the Sea (1965).\i
Randolph Stow was born in Geraldton, Western Australia, and wrote his first novels and poetry while studying at the University of Western Australia. He became a tutor in English at Adelaide University and an assistant anthropologist in Papua New Guinea.
From 1960 he travelled widely and, based in England since 1966, has been a guest lecturer at many universities around the world. His novels include \ITo the Islands\i (1958, revised 1982), which won the \JMiles Franklin\j Award and the Gold Medal of the Australian Literature Society, \IThe Merry-go-Round in the Sea\i (1965), \ITourmaline\i (1963) and \IVisitants\i (1979).
A continuing theme, particularly in the later novels, is humankind's role as both oppressor and oppressed in an alien world, represented by the uneasiness of European culture in the timeless Australian environment. His books of poetry include \IOutrider\i (1962) and \IA Counterfeit Silence\i (1969). He also published the popular children's book \IMidnite.\i He received the \JPatrick White\j Literary Award in 1979.
#
"Street, Sir Laurence Lillingston Whistler",710,"f\1\bjc95070.jpg","c","0"
(1926-)
\IJudge who was the third of his family to be chief justice of the Supreme Court of New South Wales (1974-88) and was lieutenant-governor of New South Wales (1974-89).\i
Born in Sydney, Laurence Street graduated in law from the University of Sydney, and was admitted to the New South Wales bar in 1951. He became a judge of the Supreme Court in 1965 and chief justice and lieutenant-governor in 1974. His father, Sir Kenneth Whistler Street (1890-1972) had been chief justice 1950-60, as had been his grandfather, Sir Philip Whistler Street (1863-1938) in the years 1925-33. Laurence Street was knighted in 1976. His period as chief justice was marked by a series of inquiries into organised crime and corruption.
His decision to himself head the 1983 commission on allegations that the New South Wales premier, \JNeville Wran\j, had asked the chief stipendiary magistrate to pervert the course of justice, was controversial as it went against the tradition of chief justices keeping aloof from political matters. Street's findings exonerated Wran but left unanswered questions. He retired as chief justice in 1988 and as lieutenant-governor in 1989 when he was appointed AC. He became president of the Asia Pacific Council of the London Court of International Arbitration in 1989.
His mother, Jessie Street, was noted as radical, feminist and social reformer. Educated in England and at the University of Sydney, she was a foundation member of the League of Nations Union in Sydney and in 1945 was Australia's only woman delegate at the opening conference of the United Nations in San Francisco. She was also a supporter of Aboriginal rights and played an important part in the movement that led to the 1967 referendum which granted legal citizenship to Aborigines.
\BDescription:\b Sir Laurence Street \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
#
"Streeton, Sir Arthur Ernest",711,"0","g","0"
(1867-1943)
\ILandscape painter; one of the founders of Australian impressionism.\i
Born in Mount Duneed, Victoria, Streeton studied art at the \JNational Gallery\j School in Melbourne from 1882 to 1888 while apprenticed as a lithographer. In 1886 he met \JTom Roberts\j and Frederick \JMcCubbin\j and began visiting their camp at Box Hill regularly. In 1888 he decided to give up lithography and concentrate on painting. With Roberts and \JCharles Conder\j he formed a camp at Eaglemont, thus becoming one of the founders of what became known as the Heidelberg School.
He adapted the impressionist style of the English painter William Turner to the Australian scene, his early paintings such as \IGolden Summer\i (1888) emphasising the general Heidelberg feeling that Australia was a land of blue and gold. His landscapes, with their skilful rendering of distance and atmosphere and their involvement of the viewer in the life of the scene, became widely popular.
After the success of \IStill Glides the Stream\i (1890), bought by the Art Gallery of New South Wales, he moved to Sydney and camped at Mosman with \JTom Roberts\j. His Sydney masterpieces include \IRedfern Station\i (1893). From 1898 to 1923 Streeton lived mainly in England, with periods back in Victoria and in North America. His attempt to win recognition in the London art world met with only limited success and he returned permanently to Australia in 1924. His most successful work is generally thought to belong to his early period in Australia.
Streeton was awarded the Gold Medal of the Paris Salon in 1909, honourable mention by the Carnegie Institute in the United States in 1913 and the Wynne Prize for landscapes in 1928. He was knighted in 1937. His work is represented in the Australian \JNational Gallery\j and the Australian \JWar Memorial\j in \JCanberra\j and in all state and many regional and university art galleries.
#
"Stretton, Hugh",712,0,g,0
(1924- )
Hugh Stretton, leading Australian radical intellectual, was born in Victoria on 15th July 1924, the son of a judge. He served as Professor of History at the Adelaide University from 1954 to 1968 when he decided to take a reader's position so he could spend more time on research. His 1970 bestseller, \IIdeas For Australian Cities,\i was rejected by publishers, so he published it himself, giving all the profits to the Brotherhood of St. Laurence.
As Deputy Commissioner of the South Australian Trust between 1973 and 1989, he saw many of his ideas put into practice. His other books include \ICapitalism, Socialism and the Environment\i, and \IPolitical Essays.\i In 1991, Barry Jones named him one of Australia's most magnificent 17 brains. He married his first wife, Jennifer Gamble, in 1951 to whom he has two sons; in 1963 he married Patricia Gibson and they have a son and a daughter.
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"Stuart, John McDouall",713,"f\1\700014.jpg","c","0"
(1815-66)
\IExplorer who was the first to cross the Australian continent from south to north.\i
Stuart was born in Scotland and arrived in South Australia in 1838, joining the survey department in Adelaide. He became interested in exploration when, as a draughtsman, he accompanied \JCharles Sturt\j on his 1845 expedition into the Australian interior. In 1858 Stuart explored the Torrens Basin and in 1859 pushed further north, discovering Chambers Creek and reaching Lake Eyre. He then determined on crossing Australia from south to north. His first two attempts were unsuccessful and he was forced back.
On the first of these, however, he discovered the outcrop which came to be named Central Mount Stuart and reached the centre of Australia. He set out again from Adelaide in October 1861; eventually, in July 1862, his party reached the northern coast about 65 km east of the mouth of the Adelaide River. In 1864 Stuart returned to England, where he died in 1866. In 1872 the Overland Telegraph from Darwin to Adelaide was constructed mainly along the route taken by Stuart's expedition.
\BDescription:\b John McDouall Stuart \I(Waltzing Matilda Enterprises)\i
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"Sturt, Charles",714,"f\1\king0045.jpg","c","0"
(1795-1869)
\IExplorer whose expeditions led to the discovery of the inland river system of south eastern Australia.\i
Born in India and educated in England, Charles Sturt joined the British Army in 1813 and arrived in Sydney in 1827 as a captain in charge of a shipment of convicts. He soon began undertaking exploration in New South Wales. His particular interest was the mystery of the inland rivers. He traced the courses of the Macquarie, Bogan and Castlereagh Rivers and discovered the Darling on his first expedition.
On his second, he traced the Murrumbidgee to the Murray and followed the Murray to the coast. He thus made a major contribution to the understanding of eastern Australia's drainage system. His theory that the rivers did not flow from an inland sea but were all part of the Murray-Darling system was later confirmed by Thomas Mitchell.
Sturt retired from the army in 1833 while in England and in the same year published \ITwo Expeditions into the Interior of South Australia, 1828-31,\i which was read by Edward Gibbon Wakefield and was influential in the choice of South Australia as the site for a new settlement. Sturt returned to New South Wales after being granted 2,000 hectares of land. In 1839 he moved to Adelaide where he was appointed surveyor-general of South Australia, but was soon replaced by E.C. Frome who had been appointed in London before the recommendation in favour of Sturt was received there.
Sturt became assistant commissioner of lands and engaged in survey work. He began his final expedition in 1844, aiming to reach the centre of the continent but he was unsuccessful. Sturt received the Gold Medal of the Royal Geographical Society in 1846 and in that year became colonial treasurer. He resigned in 1851 and in 1853 returned to England where he died some years later.
\IWide World of Sports\i host Ken Sutcliffe has worked for the Nine Network for the past 16 years.
Ken began his broadcasting career 20 years ago in his hometown of Mudgee. After four years as a sports presenter/reporter and disc jockey on Mudgee and later Young radio, Ken joined CBN-8 Orange as a newsreader.
He then moved to North Queensland for eight years where he performed general television duties in Townsville and Cairns.
Ken joined TCN-9 in 1979 as an offsider to Ron Casey, producing and presenting feature spots on \IWorld Of Sports.\i
He began presenting sport on \INational Nine News\i - a position he still holds - in 1982 and later that year he began filling in as co-host on \IWide World of Sports\i and the \IToday\i show.
After seven years with \IWide World of Sports,\i Ken took over the hosting seat from Mike Gibson in March 1989. It followed a year-long stint for Ken as co-host of Graham Kennedy's late-night news program, \IGraham Kennedy's News Show\i (later titled \IGraham Kennedy Coast to Coast\i).
During his time with \IWide World of Sports,\i Ken has travelled many miles for the Nine Network. He was in Los Angeles in 1984 for the Summer Olympics, the Winter Olympics took him to Calgary in 1988, to Albertville, France, in 1992 and Lillehammer in 1994. He has hosted two Commonwealth Games for the network - Brisbane in 1982 and Auckland in 1990 - and a host of Australian Formula One Motorcycle and Indy Grand Prix.
His love of sport dates back to his Mudgee childhood which saw him enthusiastically playing tennis, rugby union, rugby league, swimming and basketball.
\IThis information and photograph supplied courtesy of TCN Channel Nine Pty Ltd.\i
\BDescription:\b Ken Sutcliffe \I(TCN Channel Nine Pty Ltd)\i
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"Sutton, Henry*",716,"0","g","0"
(1856-1912)
\IProlific inventor who constructed the first working television in the world and was in the vanguard of developments in telecommunications, aeronautics, electricity and colour photography.\i
Born in \JBallarat\j, Victoria, and mainly self-educated, Sutton showed an unusual talent for engineering design at a very young age. At the age of ten he developed a theory of flight based on observations of the fluttering of insect wings, and four years later conducted flight experiments with heavier than air models which are thought to have been the first of their type in Australia. At about the same time he designed an electric continuous current dynamo which had the same design features as the independently invented European device which was a crucial step in the development of the electrical industry.
In 1876, less than a year after Bell patented his telephone, Sutton invented more than 23 different types of telephone, many of which were patented by others. Bell subsequently visited \JBallarat\j to inspect Sutton's system, which linked the family company's warehouse, shop and factory.
It is not widely known that Sutton invented a working television in 1885, three years before John Logie Baird was born. The device was demonstrated to the London Royal Society in 1890 and details were published in \IScientific American\i in 1905. He also designed, built and drove a car fitted with a carburettor of his own design and was instrumental in founding the Automobile Club of Victoria in 1903.
Sutton also invented the world's first portable wireless, a mercury vacuum pump which was widely used to make lamp bulbs and, independently of Edison, invented an electric light bulb in 1879. He was also a pioneer of colour photography and photographic engraving.
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"Syme, David",717,"0","g","0"
(1827-1908)
\INewspaper proprietor who owned and directed the Melbourne Age during its formative years.\i
Syme was born in England and migrated to Victoria in 1852 after trying the Californian goldfields. After prospecting for gold, in 1856 he was taken into partnership in the \IAge\i which had been taken over when newly formed by his older brother Ebenezer. David Syme became sole controller due to his brother's ill health in 1859.
The influence of the \IAge\i became enormous in Victoria, its circulation, which was 100,000 in the 1880s, being many times that of its competitors. Through it Syme was a powerful spokesperson for free selection, tariff protection to encourage manufacturing, free and compulsory education and factory legislation.
His reputation as 'king maker and government breaker' only operated within Victoria, however, and he had little influence on federal affairs after 1901, failing in his efforts to have federal tariffs introduced. On his death he left the paper in trust to his sons and bequeathed a large amount to hospitals and benevolent institutions in Victoria.
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"Szubanski, Magda",718,"0","g","0"
Magda Szubanski is one of Australia's most versatile and popular performers.
She has spent the last ten years honing her comic writing and performing skills in several of Australia's most popular and critically acclaimed television comedy programs.
In 1985, whilst performing in a Melbourne University Revue, she was talent-spotted by producers from the ABC Network who convinced her to join up with some other university friends in creating the \ID-Generation.\i The three series of this show provided the launching pad for several of Australia's most highly-regarded comedians and satirists.
In 1989, Magda was head-hunted to become a writer and performer on a new sketch comedy being developed for the Seven Network.
This show was \IFast Forward.\i It went on to become the most successful, highest rating comedy show on Australian television, capturing not only the mainstream audience but also a huge cult following and becoming something of a national institution in the process.
The show ran for 5 years, producing over 120 hours of top-rating television.
During this time Magda also lent her talents to several stage and television shows, including \IFaking It 3 and 1/2\i at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival, \IThe Rise And Fall Of Little Voice\i for the Sydney Theatre Company. \IA Royal Commission Into The Australian Economy\i for Belvoir Street and \IBligh,\i a sitcom set in colonial Australia.
She has frittered away her spare time contributing to breakfast radio shows on 3MMM, FOXFM, ABC Radio National, and appearing in numerous corporate videos.
Throughout these ten years, Magda has developed a vast array of comic characters, many of whose catch cries have found their way into the Australian vernacular and on to the front of T-Shirts....royalties from which she despairs of ever seeing.
Along the way she has picked up a swag of awards including Logies and People's Choice, even managing to scoop up an award for a toilet paper ad!
In 1995, Magda collaborated with friends Gina Riley and Jane Turner to write, creatively produce and star in \IBig Girl's Blouse\i for Channel Seven. This series won critical acclaim and an Australian Writer's Guild Award for Best Comedy.
In 1995, Magda made her first appearance in a feature film, \IBabe,\i produced by Kennedy Miller and directed by Chris Noonan. The film, in which Magda plays Mrs Hogget, the farmer's wife, received rave reviews and was a huge box office hit in the United States, consequently winning a Golden Globe Award for best comedy and an Oscar for best visual effects.
\IThis information supplied courtesy of Hilary Linstead & Associates Pty Ltd.\i
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"Tabberer, Maggie",719,"f\1\mtaberer.jpg","c","0"
Discovered by top fashion photographer, Helmut Newton, in the late 50s and worked as a photographic model for all the top fashion magazines in Australia and New Zealand. Maggie Tabberer became Model of the Year in 1960 and wore the Gown of the Year in 1961.
She was an original panelist on Channel 7's national network television show \IBeauty and the Beast\i for eight years and hosted her own TV Magazine show \IMaggie\i nationally for the Seven Network- 1968/69/70.
Maggie won Australia's top TV award - The Gold Logie - in 1969 and again in 1970 and also won the Cobb & Co TV Woman of the Year Award in 1970. During this same period, Maggie freelanced on radio ABC and 2GB and hosted several specials for the Seven Network, including the Miss Australia Quest for three years. She has made guest appearances on all the top prime-time television shows.
Maggie hosted fashion TV specials like the FIA Lyrebird Awards, the David Jones Awards for Fashion Excellence and The Australian Women's Weekly Fashion Awards.
She wrote a weekly fashion double page column for the \ISydney Daily Mirror\i for 16 years, and has been Fashion Editor for 14 years and was Advertising presenter for 12 years for the Australian \IWomen's Weekly.\i
Maggie managed her own fashion promotion and publicity company - MaggieTabberer Associates - handling accounts such as Shiseido/Max Factor cosmetics, Decore hair care products, Kolotex hosiery, Weiss, Zampatti, Amco, to name a few.
In February/March 1981 the 'Maggie T' fashion collection was first seen in major retail stores around Australia. The 'Maggie T' label is a unique designer collection specifically designed for women with a fuller figure. By public demand the collection is now available from size 12. 'Maggie T' Corporation (Maggie Tabberer in partnership) now produces casuals, daywear, pm fashion, knitwear, coats and intimate apparel. The fashion industry was abuzz with record breaking sales the collection wrote when it first launched - just under two million dollars in five days. There are now 'Maggie T' Concept shops throughout Australia and New Zealand.
Over several years, Maggie has been sought as an advertising presenter for various products. She has confined her endorsements to quality products only and has enjoyed long contracts with clients such as: Staysharp Wiltshire - 4 years TV and press campaign, Osti Fashions - 7 years TV and press, Taubmans Fashion Paints - 3 years TV and press, Club Mediterranee - 1 year TV, TNT Courier Bags - 2 years TV, Maxwell House Coffee - 3 years TV, Cussons Pearl Soap - 2 years, Bristile - 3 years, Black & Decker- 9 years and current, Australian \IWomen's Weekly\i - Fashion Editor- 14 years and current/Television Presenter 12 years and current, Parker Pens - 2 years, Luxaflex - 2 years and current.
In 1985, Maggie was the recipient of the Sir Charles McGrath Marketing Award - the first woman and the first fashion identity to receive the award. She was also made Honorary Fellow of the Australian Marketing Institute. In 1985 and 1986 \IMode Magazine\i voted her one of Australia's ten best dressed women. In April 1986, Maggie designed for the staff of the \IANZ Banking Corporation\i corporate uniforms which were distributed throughout Australia. Opening orders totalled some $9 million.
In June, 1986 Maggie Tabberer was awarded the Recognition of Excellence Award by the Fashion Group of Melbourne. In February 1988 Maggie was awarded an Advance Australia Award in her home town of Adelaide, as recognition for her contribution to Australian fashion. In March,1988 she was chosen to be patron of the newly-formed Cognac Information Centre in Australia. The aim of the centre is to educate Australians on the fine art of drinking Cognac and to dispel the notion that indulging in Cognac is reserved for those with private jets etc.
In 1990, Maggie Tabberer and Richard Zachariah began presenting the first series of the national TV show, \IThe Home Show,\i on the ABC. In 1993, after four seasons, Maggie and Richard decided to call it a day with the \IHome Show\i to concentrate on breeding thoroughbred horses on their southern highland property. Richard and Maggie have since split up. Maggie continues as Fashion Editor of the Australian \IWomen's Weekly\i; as well she continues her role as Patron of the Melanoma Foundation and in 1995 was made an Honorary Life Member for her services to The Australian Brain Foundation.
Maggie Tabberer has two daughters - Brooke and Amanda.
\IThis information and photograph supplied courtesy of Harry M. Miller & Co. Management.\i
\BDescription:\b Maggie Tabberer \I(Harry M. Miller & Co. Management)\i
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"Taylor, Headlie Shipard*",720,"0","g","0"
(1883-1957)
\IAgricultural inventor who developed the header harvester which was patented in 1913.\i
Born in Bungowannah, New South Wales, Taylor left school at an early age to work on his parents' farm. After several years of experimenting with designs for improved farm machinery, he patented his header-harvester in 1913. It was the first commercial harvester to combine a reciprocating knife with the Australian stripping-comb and, unlike existing harvesters, was able to strip grain efficiently from tangled, storm-damaged crops.
In 1916 H.V. McKay bought the patent rights and engaged Taylor to control the production of the harvesters at his Sunshine plant. The heavy rains and storms of late 1920 in eastern Australia ensured the success of the header-harvester with over a thousand being ordered by farmers facing flattened crops. Taylor produced many other innovations over the years and remained as supervisor of the McKay agricultural machinery works until 1954.
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"Taylor, Leslie (Squizzy)",721,"0","g","0"
(1888-1927)
\IUnderworld crime leader in Melbourne during the 1920s.\i
Born in Melbourne, Squizzy Taylor first became a jockey. By 1907 he had been convicted on seven minor charges, including assault. In the following years he was twice charged with murder but acquitted on lack of evidence. He was also thought to have rigged the jury in a 1915 case so that one of his enemies was found guilty and hanged. This was the beginning of a lucrative jury rigging business. Imitating the style of an American bootlegger, he increasingly hired criminals to operate on his behalf in the areas of illegal liquor and drugs, gambling, prostitution, race fixing, protection rackets and in armed robberies.
He was one of the masterminds of the 1919 gang war known as the 'Fitzroy Vendetta', which took place after his wife had been robbed, and is thought to have been the leader of organised crime in Melbourne up to his death in 1927. He was shot dead in a fight with another criminal, John Cutmore, having never been convicted of a major crime.
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"Taylor, Sir (Patrick) Gordon",722,"0","g","0"
(1896-1966)
\IPioneer aviator and author who took part in many of the ventures of Charles \JKingsford Smith\j.\i
Born in Sydney, Taylor served with the Royal Flying Corps during World War I and was awarded the Military Cross. After working for the de Havilland company in England he returned to Australia and was chosen by \JCharles Ulm\j as a pilot for the first Australian National Airways. When this ceased operations in 1932 Taylor continued his association with Ulm and Charles \JKingsford Smith\j, taking part with the latter in the first flight from Australia to America in a single engine plane in 1934.
In 1935 he carried out his most famous feat when he and \JKingsford Smith\j were flying the Jubilee Mail from England to New Zealand in the \ISouthern Cross.\i While flying across the Tasman an engine failed and they turned back to Australia. It was then discovered that another engine was losing oil. Taylor climbed out on the wing five times to move oil from the failed engine to the other. For this he was awarded the George Medal for bravery. In 1939 Taylor was employed to report to the United Kingdom and Australian governments on bases in the Indian Ocean suitable for the use of flying boats in wartime. In World War II he served with the RAAF until 1944. He wrote eight books on aviation and was knighted in 1954.
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"Tebbutt, John*",723,"0","g","0"
(1834-1916)
\IAstronomer who made important early discoveries from his private observatory.\i
\JTebbutt\j was born in Windsor, New South Wales. He began his astronomical observations with a simple marine telescope and sextant. He built his first observatory at his home in Windsor in 1861 and a larger one nearby in 1879. In 1861 \JTebbutt\j discovered and calculated the orbit of the comet which now bears his name and was the first to see the Great Comet of 1881.
He reported his observations of double stars, variable stars, the satellites of Jupiter, the transit of Venus and other astronomical phenomena in more than 300 papers which were published in scientific journals including the \IMonthly Notices\i of the Royal Astronomical Society of London, the \IAstronomical Register of London\i and the \IJournal and Proceedings\i of the Royal Society of New South Wales. \JTebbutt\j was elected first president of the New South Wales branch of the British Astronomical Society in 1894. His \IAstronomical Memoirs\i (1908) describe his life's work.
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"Tennant, Kylie",724,"0","g","0"
(1912-88)
\IWriter noted for novels including The Battlers (1941) and Ride on Stranger (1943).\i
Kylie Tennant was born in Sydney. Her first novel, \ITiburon,\i was published in 1935. Like much of her later work, it was based on first-hand experience, in this case of the effect of the Depression in a country town. \IThe Battlers\i (1941), which won the Australian Literature Society Gold Medal, is about migrant workers, with whom she had travelled. For the wartime story \IThe Joyful Condemned\i (1953), republished in its full version as \ITell Morning This\i in 1967, she lived in Sydney slums, mixing with homeless youth on the fringe of the criminal world and even managing to get herself gaoled for a week to gain experience of the world of her characters.
Other novels include \IRide on Stranger\i (1943), \ILost Haven\i (1946) and \ITantavallon\i (1983). In these she portrays her social outcast characters and the verve with which they face life in a vigorous and witty prose style. She also wrote plays, children's books, a popular history, \IAustralia: Her Story\i (1953), and a biography of \JH.V. Evatt\j, \IEvatt: Politics and Justice\i (1970). Her autobiography, \IThe Missing Heir,\i was published in 1986. She was appointed Officer of the Order of Australia in 1980.
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"Therry, John Joseph",725,"0","g","0"
(1790-1864)
\IPioneer Roman Catholic priest.\i
Born in Ireland, Father Therry was ordained in 1815 and was sent in 1819 to New South Wales as one of two official Roman Catholic chaplains. He arrived in Sydney in 1820 and until the appointment of a Roman Catholic vicar general in 1833 was the main, and sometimes the only, Roman Catholic priest in the colony. During this period he fought persistently in both New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania) for the rights of his under-privileged people, with the support of the earlier governors but the opposition of \JGovernor Darling\j, who suspended him from official duties in 1826.
The situation began to improve with the Catholic emancipation in Britain and the arrival of Governor Bourke in 1831. After Dr J.B. Polding arrived as Roman Catholic bishop in 1835, Therry was transferred to Hobart, then to Melbourne in 1846, Sydney in 1847 and Balmain in 1856. In 1821 he founded the church of St Mary which later became Sydney's Roman Catholic cathedral.
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"Thiele, Colin",726,"0","g","0"
(1920-)
\IPoet and writer of children's books such as Storm Boy (1963).\i
Born in Eudunda, South Australia, \JColin Thiele\j served with the RAAF in World War II immediately after graduating from Adelaide University. He then was a high school teacher in South Australia and was principal, then director, of a teacher's college from 1965 to 1980.
Thiele has published more than 80 books, including poetry, mostly nationalistic in content, short stories, radio plays, educational and historical works and children's books, for which he is best known. Both \IStorm Boy\i (1963) and \IBlue Fin\i (1969) have been made into successful films. His other fiction for children includes \IThe Fire in the Stone\i (1973) and \IThe Valley Between\i (1981) which won the Children's Book of the Year Award.
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"Thiess, Sir Leslie",727,0,g,0
(1909-92)
Sir Leslie Thiess, Australian construction businessman and coal exporter, was born one of 11 children at Drayton in Queensland's Darling Downs on 8th April 1909. He left school at 12 and through hard work, and the backing of his father and brothers, built Thiess Holdings. He made roads, airfields and ports during WWII, and later was a major developer of the Snowy River Hydro Electricity project. In the 1970s, he forged a relationship with Toyota which launched Toyota cars in Australia and with it Queensland's biggest export opportunity.
He married Christina Erbacher on 14th December 1929 and had two sons and three daughters. He and his wife spent the depression years on the road sub-contracting the use of the family tractor. A close friend of former Queensland premier Sir Joh Bjelke Petersen, Sir Leslie was involved in a damaging court case in 1991 when he sued Channel 9's \IA Current Affair\i program for what he believed were wrongful media allegations that he had bribed Sir Joh. He died at St. AndrewÆs War Memorial Hospital in Brisbane on 25th November 1992, aged 83.
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"Titterton, Sir Ernest William",728,"0","g","0"
(1916-90)
\INuclear physicist and strong advocate of the use of nuclear energy.\i
Born in England, Titterton was educated at Birmingham University and arrived in Australia in 1951. He was a member of the British Scientific Mission to the United States on the development of nuclear weapons and attended the first atom bomb test at Alamogordo in 1945 and the Bikini atoll tests in 1946.
From 1947 to 1950 he worked at the Atomic Energy Research Establishment at Harwell, England. Titterton was sent as an observer to the British nuclear tests in the Monte Bello Islands, Western Australia, in 1952 and to the 1953 tests at Woomera, South Australia. A Royal Commission subsequently found that the clean up operation had failed to reduce the radioactive contamination of this site to safe levels. Titterton published many papers on nuclear physics and electronics. He was knighted in 1970.
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"Tholstrup, Hans",729,0,g,0
(1944- )
Hans Tholstrup, professional Australian adventurer, was born in Holland on 8th November 1944. He was the first man to drive across the centre of Australia in 1976, and in 1986 he drove a small cramped solar powered car from Perth to Sydney.
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"Thompson, James",730,0,g,0
(1927-91)
Professor James Thompson, leading Australian nuclear scientist, was born James Joseph Thompson in Brisbane on 28th December 1927. He was awarded an engineering degree in aeronautical engineering in 1952, and played a leading role in establishing the Lucas Heights facility in Sydney. He was made foundation president of Nuclear Engineering at the University of New South Wales when aged only 33 in 1961.
He married his wife Beryl Farmer on 28th August 1953 and had one daughter Elizabeth. Thompson died at his Sutton Forrest home on 12th December 1991, aged 63.
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"Tonkin, John",731,0,g,0
(1902-95)
John Tonkin, former Western Australian Labor Premier, was born at Boulder near Kalgoorlie on 2nd February 1902, the son of a miner. After starting out as a country school teacher, he was elected to state parliament in 1933 as the member for East Fremantle. He served one term as Premier from 1971 until 1974 and retired from politics in 1977. His first wife and daughter both died from cancer. His second wife Joan survived him following his death on 20th October 1995, aged 93.
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"Toohey, James",732,0,g,0
(1850-95)
James Toohey, Australian brewer, was born in Melbourne on 18th March 1850. His many beers were mainly famous in New South Wales until the mid 1980s. His first brewery was established in 1870. Australia's first passenger lift was installed in the Toohey's building in 1880. The company was taken over by the Bond Corporation in August 1985. Toohey died in 1895, aged 45.
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"Travers, Pamela Lyndon",733,"0","g","0"
(1906-)
\IAuthor of childrens' books, notably Mary Poppins, and essays.\i
Born in Queensland, Travers wrote poetry early in her writing life; some of this is included in \IPoetry in Australia 1923\i (1923), edited by Jack Lindsay and Kenneth Slessor. In the 1920s she moved to England where she settled and worked as a journalist, actor and dancer, in the 1930s beginning to write children's books.
During World War II she worked for the British Ministry of Information in the United States and was writer in residence at various American colleges in the 1960s and 1970s. Travers' best known work is the \IMary Poppins\i series, published in six volumes 1934-88. Other works include \IHappy Ever After\i (1940), \IThe Fox at the Manger\i (1962), \ITwo Pairs of Shoes\i (1980) and \IWhat the Bees Know\i (essays, 1989).
\IAborigine who is claimed to have been the last full blooded Tasmanian Aborigine.\i
\JTruganini\j was a member of the Bruny Island people, many of whom were killed or kidnapped by European sealers, whalers and timber getters. From 1830 to 1835 she and her husband Woorraddy helped George Robinson to round up those of her people who had survived, in order to protect them from further violence. This surrender had been brought about by Robinson who established a settlement on Flinders Island where some 100 Aborigines, including \JTruganini\j, were held in virtual custody while Robinson attempted to teach them Christianity and European habits. This was a failure and many of these Aborigines died.
In 1838 \JTruganini\j accompanied Robinson to Port Phillip where, as chief protector of Aborigines, he set up a similar settlement, again with the idea of 'civilising' them. This again was a failure. \JTruganini\j was part of a group of five who joined the Port Phillip people in defiance. After their capture she was sent back to Flinders Island.
In 1856 the few surviving Aborigines from Flinders Island, including \JTruganini\j, were moved to Oyster Bay. By 1873 all the others had died and \JTruganini\j went to Hobart where she died in 1876. Her skeleton was placed on display in the Tasmanian Museum from 1904 to 1907. In 1976 a ceremony was held in which Aboriginal rights workers cremated her bones and spread the ashes on the D'Entrecasteaux Channel, near where she had been born.
Though Truganini is thought of as the 'last Tasmanian', there are today almost 3,000 people of Tasmanian Aboriginal descent.
\BDescription:\b Some of the last full-blooded Tasmanian Aborigines \I(RAHS)\i
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"Tucker, Albert",735,"f\1\atucker.jpg","c","0"
(1914-)
\IArtist who pioneered surrealist and symbolist painting in Australia.\i
Born in Melbourne, Tucker had no formal training in art. He began earning a living as a writer and illustrator during the Depression, painting at the same time. By the 1940s his paintings, influenced by surrealism and German expressionism, had attracted the criticism of the conservative academic art groups. Tucker responded vigorously in articles in the magazine \IAngry Penguins.\i From 1943 to 1947 he was president of the Contemporary Art Society.
In 1947 he went to Europe where he worked for the next eleven years, holding exhibitions in Amsterdam, Paris, Rome and London before going to America where he had a New York exhibition in 1960. That year he returned to Australia and has since exhibited with increasing success. Much of his work, like that of \JSidney Nolan\j, is concerned with the harsh regions of Australia and with Australian history. His paintings have been described by a London critic as 'statements of Australia, stripping off the thin twentieth century veneer and displaying a scarred rock landscape or pulverised desert'.
His images have no conventional beauty but are garish and clearly designed to shock and confront. Early in his career he devised 'Antipodean Heads', diagrams of the human face symbolising the aggressiveness of the Australian character in its struggle with its harsh and alien environment. These are used in various of his paintings, in his later work as 'Explorers' and 'Intruders'.
Tucker's work is represented in the Australian \JNational Gallery\j in \JCanberra\j, all the Australian state galleries, some regional galleries and in the Museum of Modern Art and the Guggenheim Museum, New York.
\BDescription:\b Albert Tucker \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
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"Tudor, Ron",736,0,g,0
(1924- )
Ron Tudor, former Australian record company representative and founder of Fable Records, was born in Victoria on 18th May 1924. He was seriously injured in WWII after a trench caved in. After working for White and Gillespie (known as W&G) as a record representative for many years, he moved to Astor as promotions manager.
On 8th April 1970, he set up his own Fable Records; his first record being \ICurly\i by Jimmy Hannan. In 1970, record companies wanted a "pay for play" deal with Australian radio. Tudor, realising he would soon go broke, allowed the stations to play his records. At one time he had ten records in the top 40 and five in the top 10. At the height of the dispute, he was required to have his records pressed in Singapore. In 1979, he discovered Mike Brady singing æUp There CazalyÆ on television; it proved to be the biggest selling single in Australia's history up to that time with 250,000 records sold.
His discoveries include Axiom, Brian Cadd, Jimmy Hannan, Johnny Chester, Pat Carroll, Mike Brady, Matt Flinders, The Bushwackers, Liv Maesen and Karen Knowles. He later worked as promotions manager for AAV recording studios in South Melbourne, and was a partner in the Town Hall Hotel.
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"Turner, Ethel Sibyl",737,"0","g","0"
(1872-1958)
\INovelist and writer of children's books, noted for Seven Little Australians (1894).\i
Born in England, Ethel Turner came to Sydney with her parents in 1881. After leaving school she wrote a children's page, first in a magazine started by herself and her sister, later in the \IIllustrated Sydney News.\i
Her first book, \ISeven Little Australians\i (1894), about the experiences of Judy, Meg, Pip, Bunty and others of the Woolcott family, quickly became popular both in Australia and overseas. In 1895 she published a sequel, \IThe Family at Misrule,\i and up to 1928 wrote about 30 more books, mainly for children, including \IThe Little Larrikin\i (1896) and \IThe Cub\i (1915). \ISeven Little Australians\i remained her best loved work and has been made into a film, a BBC television serial (1953) and an ABC television series (1973).
Ethel Turner was married to the lawyer, later judge, Herbert Curlewis. Their son, Adrian Curlewis, became a well known judge and promoter of surf lifesaving. He was president of the Surf Life Saving Association of Australia from 1933 and was knighted in 1967.
#
"Ulm, Charles Thomas Phillipe",738,"f\1\king0057.jpg","c","0"
(1898-1934)
\IPioneer aviator who made record breaking flights as co-pilot with Charles \JKingsford Smith\j.\i
\JCharles Ulm\j was born in Melbourne, served with the AIF in World War I and qualified as a pilot after the war. In 1928 he joined Charles \JKingsford Smith\j in the first flight across the Pacific, flying in the \ISouthern Cross\i from California to Brisbane in 83 hours 38 minutes. Earlier the two had made a record breaking round-Australia flight to raise funds for the project.
In 1929 he was lost with \JKingsford Smith\j for twelve days after the \ISouthern Cross\i went down in central Australia. In what became known as the Coffee Royal affair (after the name of the town where they were eventually found), two aviator friends died while searching for them and they had to fight off rumours that the incident was staged as a publicity stunt.
Ulm was managing director of the first Australian National Airways Ltd and carried the first trans-Tasman passengers and airmail. His promising career as an aviation administrator ended with his death in 1934. His plane vanished on a flight from the United States in 1934 while he was trying to demonstrate the commercial possibilities of trans-Pacific flying.
\BDescription:\b The \ISouthern Cross (Jonathan King)\i
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"Upfield, Arthur William",739,"0","g","0"
(1890-1964)
\IAuthor of popular crime fiction featuring the part-Aboriginal detective, Bony.\i
Arthur Upfield was born in England and emigrated to Adelaide in 1911, working in various itinerant jobs in the outback and serving with the AIF in World War I. In 1928 he published his first novel, \IThe House of Cain,\i and in 1929 \IThe Bareekee Mystery\i introduced the part Aboriginal detective Napoleon Bonaparte, known as Bony, who features in most of his subsequent books, which were unusual in the genre of detective novels in being set in the outback. Bony is thought to have been based on an actual part Aboriginal Queensland tracker, Leon Wood.
Upfield's novels were bestsellers, particularly in the United States, where he was the first non-American to be given full membership of the Mystery Writers' Guild of America.
#
"Uren, Tom",740,0,g,0
(1921- )
Tom Uren, socialist Australian Labor Party politician and member for the Sydney western suburbs electorate of Reid, was born in Sydney on 28th May 1921. He was educated at Manly High School, and served in the Army with the Royal Artillery from 1939 until. He later transferred to the 2nd A.I.F. as a bombardier and was captured in Timor by the Japanese in 1942.
He was put to work on the Burma Siam railway until 1945. He entered parliament for the seat of Reid in 1958, and in 1976 was deputy leader of the Australian Labor Party under Gough Whitlam, where he served as Minister for Urban and Regional Development. He married Patricia Palmer on 22nd March 1947 and they have one son and one daughter.
#
"Van Grafhorst, Eve",741,0,g,0
(1982-93)
Eve Van Grafhorst, former Australian child AIDS patient, was born three months prematurely on 17th July 1982. She was driven from her Kincumber home on the Central Coast of New South Wales in 1986 when she was banned from the local pre-school. The family moved to Hastings in New Zealand, however, a year later, her parents Gloria and John Van Grafhorst divorced. When she was was born, she received an HIV contaminated blood transfusion. In February 1993, the city fathers of the Gosford City Council made an official apology to the Van Grafhorsts and invited them to return for a council-funded visit. Eve died in New Zealand on 20th November 1993, aged 11.
#
"Vaux, James Hardy",742,"f\1\hardy.jpg","c","0"
(1782-?)
\IConvict who was transported to New South Wales three times and who wrote an autobiography with a glossary of contemporary London slang.\i
Born in England, Vaux turned to pickpocketing as a child and was first transported to New South Wales for stealing a handkerchief in 1801. He worked as a tutor and clerk and accompanied \JGovernor King\j to England in 1807 as his unofficial secretary. There he returned to crime and was convicted of robbery in 1808. His death sentence was commuted to transportation for life.
Back in Sydney in 1810 he absconded from his assignment, took part in a robbery and in consequence was sent to the Newcastle coalmines where he wrote \IMemoirs of James Hardy Vaux, Written by Himself,\i which was published in England in 1819. It included an appendix, claimed also to have been written by Vaux, \IVocabulary of the Flash Language.\i
In 1829 Vaux escaped and travelled to Dublin where he was convicted of passing forged bank notes. In 1830 he was transported for the third time. His fate after 1853 is unknown. His \IVocabulary\i was edited and republished in 1964 and is a valuable source of convict slang. A play by Ron Blair, \IFlash Jim Vaux,\i based on his life, was first produced in 1970.
\BDescription:\b James Hardy Vaux \I(Jonathan King)\i
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"Von GuΘrard, EugΦne ",743,0,g,0
(1812-1901)
\ILandscape painter in Australia from the 1850s to the 1880s.\i
Born in Vienna, the son of the current court painter, von GuΘrard studied in Naples and Dusseldorf. He came to Australia in 1852, after possibly visiting the Californian goldfields, and spent a year at \JBallarat\j, Victoria, where he made sketches of the goldfields. He also accompanied several scientific expeditions and made sketches that were later used as bases for canvases. His paintings, conservative and literal in style, include \IThe Fall of the Wetterboro Creek\i (1865) and \IThe Valley of the Mitta Mitta\i (1866).
In 1867 he published a volume of lithographs, \IAustralian Landscapes;\i he was represented in the London International Exhibition in 1873 and the Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition in 1876. From 1870 to 1881 he was master of painting at the National School of Art and curator of the \JNational Gallery\j of Victoria. His method of teaching was to encourage students to copy the paintings in the collection. After ill health forced his resignation he went to England where he eventually died.
His work is represented in the Australian \JNational Gallery\j, \JCanberra\j, the state art galleries in Sydney, Adelaide and Melbourne, many Australian library collections and the Turnbull Library, New Zealand.
#
"Von Mueller, Baron Sir Ferdinand",744,"0","g","0"
von Mueller, Baron Sir Ferdinand Jakob Heinrich (1825-96)
\IBotanist, explorer and designer of the Melbourne Botanic Gardens.\i
Born in Germany, von Mueller qualified in pharmacy at Kiel University in 1846, arrived in Adelaide in 1847, and then established a pharmacist's business in Melbourne. Botany was his main interest, however; he had already earned an international reputation for his published papers and large private collection of botanical specimens.
In 1857 he was appointed public botanist of Victoria and director of the Melbourne Botanic Gardens. He established the gardens as a centre for botanical science and also initiated the building of the National Herbarium, Melbourne.
To search for the missing explorer Leichhardt, von Mueller joined Gregory's expedition which travelled overland from the Northern Territory to the east coast of Queensland and explored the Victoria River and Arnhem Land. He was also an active member of the committee which set up \JBurke and Wills\j' expedition. His extensive travels provided material for his seven volume \IFlora Australiensis\i (in collaboration with George Bentham of the Kew Herbarium, London) and his \IEucalyptographia,\i which described and illustrated more than 100 species of eucalypt. It was von Mueller who introduced the blue gum into America, Europe and Africa.
His career suffered a setback in 1873 when he was replaced as director of the Melbourne gardens by a man who was prepared to satisfy the popular taste for a more showy, recreational public amenity. Von Mueller was honoured by the British and French governments, made a baron by the King of Wurtemberg in 1871 and received knighthoods from Spain and Portugal.
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"Wackett, Sir Lawrence James",745,"0","g","0"
(1896-1982)
\IPilot and aircraft designer who was responsible for the construction of Australian planes during World War II.\i
Born in Townsville, Queensland, Wackett graduated from Duntroon Military College and joined the Royal Flying Corps during World War I. After the war he graduated in science from the University of Melbourne. He was then given permission by the RAAF to establish an experimental station for aircraft construction at Randwick in Sydney. This was closed at the time of the Depression but in 1936, with the Australian government aware of the possibility of war, the Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation was formed and Wackett's aircraft design services requested.
He directed the construction in Australia of American Wirraway planes, but these proved no match for the Japanese in 1942 and the government had to turn to American Kittyhawks. Then production started on the Wackett Trainer, the Boomerang and the Mustang. He also guided the building of the Avon Sabre, a version of the F86 Sabre jet. He was knighted in 1954 and retired in 1961.
#
"Waite, Edgar Ravenswood",746,"0","g","0"
(1866-1928)
\IZoologist and explorer who specialised in the study of vertebrates.\i
Born in England, Waite was educated at the Victoria University of Manchester. He worked for five years from 1888 as sub-curator then curator of the Leeds Museum and in 1893 was appointed zoologist at the Australian Museum, Sydney.
From 1906 to 1914 he was curator of the Canterbury Museum, Christchurch, New Zealand, then returned to Australia to become director of the South Australian Museum in Adelaide. His chief interest was in the biology of vertebrates, particularly birds, fishes and reptiles. He accompanied two New Zealand expeditions to the sub-Antarctic islands and also examined the fishes collected by the 1912 Mawson Antarctic expedition.
He led a 1916 expedition to central Australia and a 1918 expedition to New Guinea, and collected much valuable material for the South Australian Museum. He published over 200 scientific papers as well as his \IPopular Account of Australian Snakes\i (1898) and \IThe Fishes of South Australia\i (1923).
#
"Wake-Forward, Nancy",747,0,g,0
(1912- )
Nancy Wake-Forward, known as The White Mouse, was born Nancy Grace Augusta Wake in Wellington, New Zealand on 30th August 1912. She studied at Sydney Girls High School and later Queens College for Ladies in London before becoming a freelance journalist from 1936 until 1939. She became known as the White Mouse when she led the Gestapo a merry chase around France during WWII. Her work with the French Resistance gave her a reputation as a hell raiser.
She has never been awarded by the Australian governments and has steadfastly refused any overtures for assistance despite being the most decorated Australian woman during WWII. The British gave her the George Medal, the French awarded her the Croix de Guerre twice, and the United States honoured her with the Medal of Freedom with a bronzed palm. After the war, she served as an intelligence officer in the WRAF and following her return to Australia in the 1950s she stood as a Liberal candidate against Labor's Dr Evatt for the seat of Barton, and lost by only 127 votes.
She married her first husband Henri Fiocca on 30th November 1938; however he died in 1943. She married her second husband John Forward on 14th December 1957. In 1994, she put her medals up for sale to help finance a trip to France to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the liberation of Paris. She said as she had no children, the medals did not belong to Australia, so they were sold at Sotheby's auction house in Melbourne for $156,500 to the RSL on 16th May 1994.
#
"Waley, Jim",748,"0","g","0"
The depth of Jim Waley's involvement in events and issues that shape Australia is exemplified by the fact that since 1969 he has reported on every Federal election except the 1974 Whitlam-Snedden poll, during which he was working in London, syndicating news reports around the world.
Jim joined Channel 9, Sydney in 1968, after extensive news experience in regional television and radio. He graduated to senior reporter for \INational Nine News\i before travelling overseas, and his return to Australia and the Nine Network at the end of '74 marked the start of a new phase in his career. In 1975, Jim was appointed Producer, then News Editor.
In 1981, Jim was appointed founding host of \ISunday\i - and in 1986 he was invited to be founding host of Nine's business and finance program, \IBusiness Sunday.\i
From the commencement of 1992, Jim Waley hosted \ISydney Extra,\i a news-based program, specifically related to the people who live in Sydney.
In August 1992, Jim Waley was appointed to present \INightline,\i a 30-minute weeknight news program at 10.30pm.
For his work in journalism, documentaries and television presentation, Jim has received more than a dozen awards, including twice being named National Television Journalist of The Year in the Thorn Awards, and 7 Television Society Penguin Awards for his work in news and current affairs.
Major television Society Penguin awards include: \INews and Current Affairs\i - 1982, \ICurrent Affairs\i - 1984, \INews Presentation\i - 1985, \ICritics Award\i - 1985, \ICurrent Affairs\i - 1986, \IPresentation: Sunday\i - 1988 and \INews Presentation\i - 1989.
Having also presented the \IWeekend Evening News\i on Channel 9, Sydney since 1977, Jim Waley now works for three different programs on the Nine Network and continues his links with \INational Nine News.\i In 1984-1985, Jim anchored a daily Australia-wide News and Interview Bulletin, called the \INational Nine Morning News.\i
For his work in journalism, documentaries and television presentation, Jim has been honoured with more than sixteen awards, including twice named Thorn National Television Journalist Of The Year, and highly commended for his series on Australian Industry and a documentary on Infertility.
\IThis information supplied courtesy of TCN Channel Nine Pty Ltd.\i
#
"Walker, Sir Allan",749,0,g,0
(1911- )
Reverend Sir Allan Walker, Australian Methodist Minister, was born in Sydney on 4th June 1911, the son of a Methodist Minister. He is a descendant of convict John Walker who was transported to Australia for seven years for stealing ú10. Over the years, the Walker family has produced 15 Methodist ministers. Allan Walker was ordained as a Minister in 1934 and became superintendent of the Central Methodist Mission. He set up the famous Life Line Centre in 1963 as an emergency welfare bureau, and became President of Life Line International in 1966.
Awarded the OBE in 1955, his books include \ICoaltown\i and \IJesus the Liberator.\i He married his wife Winifred in 1938 and they have three sons, two of whom are Uniting Church Ministers. He also has a daughter Lynette, who conquered the handicap of deafness. His Channel 9 television show, \II Challenge the Minister,\i was the longest running religious television show in Australia, running from 1958-65. He was director of World Evangelism for the World Methodist Council from 1978-82.
#
"Walker, Bob",750,0,g,0
(1914-94)
Bob Walker, Australian broadcaster and author of a book about the radio industry, was born in Melbourne on 8th March 1914. He worked as a radio presenter, television host, and was a partner in the George Patterson advertising agency. He worked at 3KZ as a radio roundsman and during WWII enlisted in the AIF. He retired at 50 and wrote industry books such as \IThe Magic Spark, 50 Years of Radio, Soft Soap Hard Sell in Add Land\i and \IDial 1197 - The 3KZ Story.\i He died in Melbourne on 27th October 1994, aged 80.
\IEditor and publisher; one of the co-founders of Oz magazine; publisher and director of Australian Consolidated Press since 1986.\i
Born and educated in Sydney, \JRichard Walsh\j was assistant director of the Australian Institute of Industrial Psychology before starting the satirical \IOz\i magazine in 1963 with \JRichard Neville\j and graphic artist Martin Sharp. This led to an obscenity trial in 1964 at which all three as well as the printer were found guilty.
Walsh was given a six month prison sentence which was quashed on appeal two years later. From 1971 to 1978 he was publisher of the provocative \INation Review\i in Melbourne and from 1972 to 1986 chief executive of the publishing firm Angus & Robertson.
He then moved to \JKerry Packer\j's Australian Consolidated Press, of which he has been chief-executive since 1990, a career path which could be regarded as having come full circle from his radical \IOz\i days. He is a leading figure in Australian publishing; he was on the Literature Board of the Australia Council (1973-76) and an executive member of the Australian Book Publishers' Association (1983-88).
\BDescription:\b Richard Walsh \I(Fairfax Photo Library)\i
#
"Walton, Nancy-Bird",752,"0","g","0"
(1915-)
\IAviator who was the first woman in Australia to be involved in commercial flying.\i
Born Nancy Bird in Sydney, she started flying lessons in 1933 with Charles \JKingsford Smith\j and obtained her commercial flying licence in 1934. The next year she was employed by the Far West Children's Health Scheme to operate her plane as an air ambulance and baby clinic service; in 1937-38 she operated a charter service from Cunnamulla, Queensland. Her aviation feats included winning the ladies' trophy in the South Australian Centenary Air Race from Brisbane to Adelaide in 1935 and coming fifth in the All Women's Transcontinental Air Race, America, in 1958. In 1950 she founded the Australian Women Pilots' Association and has remained first president and patron. She was appointed AO in 1990.
#
"Ward, Eddie",753,0,g,0
(1899-1963)
Eddie Ward, controversial Australian Labor Party politician, was born in Sydney on 21st March 1899. He was known as Labor's æBad BoyÆ after being suspended on 15 occasions. He exposed the Menzies and Fadden governments for responsibility of the "Brisbane Line" philosophy. He died on 31st July 1963 after a long illness that was not made public.
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"Ward, Frederick (Captain Thunderbolt)",754,"f\1\king0025.jpg","c","0"
(1835-70)
\IBushranger with a reputation for chivalry.\i
Ward was born in Windsor, New South Wales. By the time he was a teenager he had been tried and sentenced for cattle duffing. Imprisoned on Cockatoo Island in Sydney Harbour, he swam to freedom in 1863 and took up an unconventional bushranging career. He first held up a toll keeper near Cessnock, later returning the money.
In 1865 he held up a coach near Muswellbrook and stole about ú800. Over the next five years the bounty hunters engaged by \JHenry Parkes\j as 'special constables' forced him to move his territory to the New England area of New South Wales. There he robbed coaches and mail bags, sometimes alone, sometimes with companions, on occasions going as far as Queensland.
He was non-violent in his methods and therefore gained a reputation for chivalry in his dealings with his victims, never being known to shed blood. On the other hand, the title of 'Robin Hood of the Ranges', sometimes given to him, is not accurate as those he robbed from were often struggling settlers. He was shot dead by troopers near Uralla in May 1870. The legend surrounding him has been the subject of poems, ballads, plays, fiction and two films, \IThunderbolt\i (1910) and \I\JCaptain Thunderbolt\j\i (1953).
\IHistorian whose work emphasises social and cultural factors, as in his analysis of the Australian self-image.\i
Born in Adelaide, Russel Ward was educated in Perth and at Adelaide University. He became a lecturer in history at the University of New England in 1957, was professor of history 1967-79 and since 1980 has been emeritus professor.
His best known work is \IThe Australian Legend\i (1958), in which the 'legend' is the Australian self-image of mateship, toughness, practicality and anti-authoritarianism which he sees as developing from the ethos of the nineteenth century Australian bush workers. This book has stimulated much debate, both as to the nature of the legend itself and as to its origins. Ward's other works include \IAustralia: A Short History\i (1965), revised in 1982 as \IAustralia Since the Coming of Man.\i
#
"Watson, John Christian",756,"f\1\watson.jpg","c","0"
(1867-1941)
\IPolitician who was the first Labor prime minister of Australia in 1904.\i
Born in Chile of British parents, Watson was educated in New Zealand and became a printing apprentice. He came to Sydney in 1886 and joined the newly formed Labour Leagues in 1891. He was a member of the New South Wales parliament from 1894 and was elected to the first federal parliament in 1901 where he became Labor leader. In April 1904 he was able to form an administration after the fall of the Deakin Protectionist ministry.
His minority government was never secure and was defeated in August of the same year by a combination of opposition parties after trying to bring in legislation to give employment preference to trade union members. Watson gave up the party leadership in 1907 and resigned from parliament in 1910. He was expelled from the Labor Party in 1916 over the conscription issue and left politics to pursue business interests.
\BDescription:\b John Watson \I(Jonathan King)\i
#
"Watts, Naomi",757,"f\1\nwatts.jpg","c","0"
Naomi Watts received training from the Sydney Acting School for junior drama, Jesters for junior fencing, singing and drama, Adasa for theatre history, drama, voice, singing and dance and Actors Centre for drop in classes, 8 week courses and improvisation, voice and movement.
Naomi's television performances include \IReturn to Eden, Hey Dad, Brides Of Christ\i and \IHome and Away\i. Film productions include \IFor Love Alone, Flirting, The Wide Sagasso Sea Matinee, Gross Misconduct, The Custodian, Tank Girl\i and \IUnder The Lighthouse Dancing\i. Naomi has also done various commercials.
\IThis information and photograph supplied courtesy of June Cann Management Pty Ltd.\i
Jana Wendt is widely recognised as one of Australia's leading interviewers. She conducted thousands of high-profile interviews during her 13 years with the Nine Network; first, as the youngest correspondent to join the acclaimed \I60 Minutes\i team in 1982, then as the anchor of the Nine Network's nightly, half-hour current affairs show (1988-1992).
In 1996, Jana was lured to Channel 7 to host her own program called \IWitness.\i Jana did not return to host \IWitness\i at the beginning of 1997 and in May that year she accepted a $1.2 million settlement against the Seven Network, claiming she was misled by network executives and that her reputation was ruined.
Among the notables interviewed by Jana have been media barons Rupert Murdoch, Conrad Black and Kerry Packer as well as former Philippines president, Ferdinand Marcos and former US Secretary of State, Henry Kissinger and US Vice President, Dan Quayle, Libya's Colonel Gaddafi and Ghanaian strong man, Jerry Rawlings.
She has also attracted some of the leading names from the entertainment world to share her studio. Among them: Dustin Hoffman, Peter Ustinov, Tom Cruise, Jodie Foster, Mel Gibson, Audrey Hepburn, Meryl Streep, Jane Fonda and Robin Williams.
The daughter of Czech immigrants, Melbourne-born Jana began her journalism career as a documentaries researcher with the Australian Broadcasting Commission in 1975. Simultaneously, she undertook an Honours degree in Arts at Melbourne University.
After graduating from University in 1977, Jana travelled extensively overseas, spending much of her time in Italy.
Upon her arrival home in 1979, she joined the Ten Network's Melbourne newsroom as a general reporter. Shortly after moving into the role of news presenter with Channel 10, Jana accepted a position with the Nine Network's then new prime-time current affairs program, \I60 Minutes.\i A move north to Sydney in 1981 followed.
Respected for her incisive interviewing style and dedication to the profession, Jana has been the recipient of many prestigious journalism and television awards.
Voted Australia's Most Popular Person by the country's leading news magazine, \IThe Bulletin,\i Jana is fluent in four languages English, French, Italian and Czech.
In 1988 Jana left \I60 Minutes\i to anchor the network's weeknight current affairs program, \IA Current Affair,\i a position she held until 1992.
In 1994 Jana Wendt returned to \I60 Minutes\i in the newly created role of anchor. In that capacity she presented the program as well as contributing feature reports.
\IThis information supplied courtesy of TCN Channel Nine Pty Ltd.\i
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"Wentworth, D'Arcy",759,"0","g","0"
(1762?-1827)
\IPioneer surgeon and magistrate who was superintendent of convicts on Norfolk Island and a foundation director of the Bank of New South Wales.\i
Born in Ireland, \JD'Arcy Wentworth\j served as a volunteer in the American War of Independence, became apprenticed to a doctor and in 1785 went to England where he had aristocratic family connections. He was twice arrested for highway robbery and acquitted. Doubtless encouraged by his family to leave England, in 1790 he sailed for New South Wales with the Second Fleet as assistant surgeon.
He was sent to Norfolk Island where his work as surgeon led to his promotion to superintendent of convicts.
In 1799 he was appointed surgeon at Parramatta and was the colony's principal surgeon by the time Sydney Hospital was begun in 1810, though the time he spent on other official duties meant that the assistant surgeon, \JWilliam Redfern\j, attended the hospital more regularly. A favourite of \JGovernor Macquarie\j, he was also appointed police magistrate and superintendent of police. In 1816 he attended the initial meeting held to found the Bank of New South Wales and became one of its founding directors. He retired from his position at the hospital in 1819 with a life pension from the British government.
His many land grants included one made by Macquarie as reward for his work in controlling highway robbery, an activity he was once accused of being familiar with. This past was not forgotten by some of the military and other 'exclusives' who tried to cast him as an ex-convict. By the time of his death he had built up large land holdings. His eldest son, \JWilliam Charles Wentworth\j, was prominent in the public life of the colony.
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"Wentworth, William Charles",760,"f\1\king0014.jpg","c","0"
(1793-1872)
\IPioneer landowner, explorer and politician who was active in gaining self-government for the colony of New South Wales.\i
Born in New South Wales, either on the way to or on Norfolk Island, William Wentworth was the eldest son of \JD'Arcy Wentworth\j and Catherine Crowley, a convict. His parents had begun their association while en route from England on the Second Fleet. William Wentworth was sent to be educated in England and returned to Australia in 1810. He was granted land on the Nepean River by \JGovernor Macquarie\j and appointed acting provost-marshal, thus becoming the first Australian born person to hold an important public office.
In 1813 he made the first crossing of the \JBlue Mountains\j with \JGregory Blaxland\j and \JWilliam Lawson\j and was rewarded with a further land grant. In 1816 he returned to England to study law and was called to the bar in 1822. Back in the colony in 1824, he started, with Robert Wardell, the \IAustralian,\i the colony's first independent newspaper. In this he campaigned for trial by jury and for representative government. He and his emancipist followers were strongly opposed by the 'exclusives' led by \JJohn Macarthur\j and his wife.
However, in 1827 Wentworth held a public meeting which endorsed a petition to the British government calling for trial by jury, taxation by consent and a representative assembly with a property qualification for electors. He successfully fought against \JGovernor Darling\j's attempts to license newspapers and thus censor his opinions as expressed in the \IAustralian.\i In 1830 one of his demands was met when the British government extended the normal jury system to the colony's courts.
In 1835 he formed the Australian Patriotic Society which was to draft a constitution for New South Wales. In these drafts Wentworth, now a substantial landowner, aligned himself with his old enemies to oppose land revaluation and the ending of transportation. Although he lost some of his original support, his call for representative government was successful with the formation in 1842 of a new Legislative Council with some elected members. Wentworth was elected to this new body in 1843. In the Council he increasingly supported the conservative interests of the major landowners and argued for the rights of squatters.
He continued to work for extended self-government, which was achieved with the new Constitution of 1855 which he helped to draft. His suggestion that the new upper house should consist of members of a colonial peerage was not successful, his proposed peers being dubbed the 'bunyip aristocracy'. A nominated upper house was instituted instead.
Wentworth's other achievements included the founding of the University of Sydney. He died in England in 1872. His Sydney residence, Vaucluse House, has been preserved as part of Australia's heritage.
\BDescription:\b William Charles Wentworth \I(Jonathan King)\i
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"West, Morris",761,0,g,0
(1916- )
Morris West, Australian author, was born in Melbourne in 1916, the eldest of six children, to an Irish mother and travelling salesman father. He served eight unhappy years as a Catholic Monk before being freed from his initial vows, leaving the Order in 1941. After graduating as a teacher, he married, and joined the Army as an intelligence officer working as a cipher expert. He later went into politics, serving as secretary to Billy Hughes.
His first novel in 1945, written under the pseudonym Julian Morris, was titled \IMoon in My Pocket\i. The book, a look at his past years in a monastery, caused a scandal amongst Australian Catholics. He ran Australian Radio Productions for nine years from 1945-54. West's marriage failed and he moved to Austria in 1956, where he and his second wife Joy lived until 1982, when they returned to Australia.
His books include \IThe DevilÆs Advocate\i, \IKundu\i, \IThe Shoes of the Fisherman\i, \IThe Children of the Sun\i, \IThe Ambassador\i, \IThe Naked Country\i, \IThe Second Victory\i, \IThe DevilÆs Advocate\i, \IDaughter of Silence\i, \IMasterclass\i, \IThe Tower of Babel\i, \IScandal in the Assembly\i, \ISummer of the Red Wolf\i, \IThe Salamander\i, \IThe World is Made of Glass\i, \IHarlequin\i, and \ILazarus\i. He lives in Sydney's north and has written 26 novels, which have been translated into 27 languages and sold over 65 million copies.
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"Whiteley, Brett",762,"f\1\whitely1.jpg","c","0"
(1939-92)
\IContemporary artist, whose work includes paintings, lithogaphs, sculpture and photography.\i
Born in Sydney, \JBrett Whiteley\j studied at the \JJulian Ashton\j Art School. A natural drawer and painter, he won a travelling scholarship in 1960 and went to London where his work was taken up by the local dealers and galleries.
In 1961 he was chosen to represent Australia at the UNESCO Young Painters' Convention in Paris and in that year won the international prize at the Paris Biennale, becoming the subject of international publicity. He returned to Australia in 1961, exhibited and then travelled in the United States and several Asian countries. In the 1970s he settled in Sydney.
Whiteley has acknowledged several poets and painters who have influenced his work, including Verlaine, Rimbaud and Francis Bacon. In the lives of most of these, the path to free self-expression seems to have been accompanied by elements of self-destruction - intensity accompanied by tragedy and doom, ecstasy accompanied by torment. This dualism was part of Whiteley's own life and is reflected in his art. His paintings include a series on the English murderer John Christie (1960s), \IThe American Dream\i (1969), portraits of Baudelaire (1970), van Gogh (1971), Rimbaud (1971) and Francis Bacon (1972), and the series \IParis Regard de Cote\i (1989), consisting of gouaches, drawings and photographs.
Whiteley's Australian awards include the Archibald Prize for portraiture in 1976 (self-portrait) and 1978, the Wynne Prize for landscapes in 1977, 1978 and 1984 and the Sulman Prize in 1976 and 1978. His work is represented in the Australian \JNational Gallery\j, \JCanberra\j, all state and many regional galleries, the Tate Gallery, London, and the Museum of Modern Art, New York.
In late 1995 a Brett Whiteley retrospective opened at the National Art Gallery in NSW.
\ILabor politician who was prime minister of Australia 1972-75.\i
Born in Melbourne, Whitlam became a lawyer with a reputation for academic brilliance. He entered the House of Representatives in 1952, winning the New South Wales seat of Werriwa for Labor. He did not fit the pattern of the traditional Labor man and at first met with some suspicion within his own party. But his talents led to a rise through the ranks and by 1960 he was deputy leader.
After Labor's poor showing in the 1966 election, he replaced \JArthur Calwell\j as leader. He set about improving the party's image with new policies and candidates; this energetic presentation took Labor to electoral victory in 1972, ending 23 years of opposition. Whitlam's policies were based on an expanded role for the federal government as the means of improving Australia's system of education, welfare and so on.
Despite many achievements, particularly in the fields of social legislation and foreign policy, as well as the recall of troops from Vietnam, the Whitlam government suffered from mistakes by inexperienced ministers and from the economic downturn that the nation was entering.
The gravest crisis occurred over unorthodox loan negotiations made by Rex Connor, minister for minerals and energy, in an attempt to put the Australian government back in a position of financial independence. Aware of the government's problems, the coalition opposition under \JMalcolm Fraser\j decided to use its majority in the Senate to block the budget and so force the government to an election.
Whitlam decided not to go to the polls but to ride out the crisis. The confrontation was ended when the governor-general, Sir \JJohn Kerr\j, in an extremely controversial decision, used his reserve powers to dismiss the government and call an election. In spite of Whitlam's exhortation to the public to 'maintain your rage', Labor was defeated at the 1975 election and again in 1977, after which Whitlam stood down as leader.
He resigned from parliament in 1978 and published his version of events in \IThe Truth of the Matter\i (1979). From 1983 to 1986 he was Australian ambassador to UNESCO in Paris. He has come to have an elder statesman image, with his opinions on a range of issues widely held in respect.
\BDescription:\b Gough Whitlam \I(Peter Luck)\i
#
"Whitlam, Margaret",764,0,g,0
(1919- )
Margaret Whitlam, wife of former prime minister Gough Whitlam, was born Margaret Elaine Dovey in Sydney on 18th November 1919, the daughter of Judge Dovey. She started out as a social worker and journalist before becoming the wife of Edward Gough Whitlam, whom she married on 22nd April 1942. She has three sons and one daughter, including well-known banker Nicholas Whitlam, who used to head the NSW State Bank.
#
"Whitton, John",765,"0","g","0"
(1820-98)
\IEngineer who contributed to the great increase in railway services in New South Wales in the second half of the nineteenth century.\i
Born in England, Whitton trained as a railway engineer and came to Australia in 1856 to take up the position of New South Wales engineer-in-chief of railways. He was responsible for the design and construction of the main lines linking Sydney to the Victorian and Queensland borders, also for designing bridges, viaducts and tunnels and the zigzag railway at Lithgow. In 1886 and 1887 he submitted drawings for a proposed suspension bridge across Sydney Harbour.
In 1889 he saw the last link in the railway system from Brisbane to Sydney and on to Melbourne and Adelaide opened. This was the Hawkesbury River bridge which he had fought hard to have financed. He retired in 1890. During his 23 years employment, rail track open to traffic in New South Wales had increased from about 37 km to about 3,494 km. However, his recommendation for a uniform gauge across Australia was not accepted by the other colonies.
#
"Wightman, Lil",766,0,g,0
(1903-92)
Lil Wightman, Australian fashion identity, was born in Ballarat, Victoria on 12th April 1903. She was described as the dowager Empress of Collins Street. She is reported to have dressed more society ladies and debutante daughters in Melbourne, than any other couturier. She started her fashion career when she was 19 with a ú400 loan from her father. As if on cue, she died on Melbourne Cup day, 3rd November 1992, aged 89.
#
"Wilenski, Peter",767,0,g,0
(1939-94)
Peter Wilenski, former Australian Commonwealth Department Head, was born into a well known Jewish family at Lodz in Poland on 10th May 1939. He was a distant relative of Italian surrealist painter De Chirico and inherited many of his paintings. His family fled to Australia in 1943 and, after studying at Sydney and Oxford universities, he secured first class honours in politics, philosophy and economics. He served with the department of external affairs and also studied at Harvard for eight years.
In 1972, he was appointed principal private secretary to Prime Minister Gough Whitlam and from 1974 was special adviser to the Royal Commission on Australian Government Administration, and then served as secretary to the Department of Labour and Immigration, which was cut short by the Liberal victory following the sacking of the Whitlam Government. He later reviewed the NSW Government Administration as well as being a Professor at the Australian Graduate School of Management at the University of NSW.
From 1983, he served as Head of the Department of Education and Youth Affairs, as well as Chairman of the Public Service Board until its demise in 1987. In 1989, he served three years as Australia's Ambassador to the UN and returned to Australia in 1992 as head of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Divorced from his first wife, Gail Radford, he had two children from his second wife, Jill Hager. He died on 3rd November 1994, aged 55.
#
"Wilkins, Sir George Hubert",768,"0","g","0"
(1888-1958)
\IExplorer and pioneer of polar aviation.\i
George Wilkins was born in Mount Bryan East, South Australia, and studied engineering at the Adelaide School of Mines. After travelling to Britain he served as photographer and second in command on Stefansson's Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913-16 and then was the official photographer with the Military History Department of the British Army on the Western Front.
He accompanied Sir Ernest Shackleton on his last Antarctic expedition (1921-22) as naturalist and photographer. In 1928 he made the longest air journey then ever made in an Arctic region when, with Ben Eielson, he flew in a single engine ski plane from Barrow, Alaska, to Breen Harbour, Spitsbergen.
Later in the year he commanded the Wilkins-Hearst Antarctic Expedition and in November made the first Antarctic flight. In December he made a longer exploratory flight over Graham Land. He later returned to the Arctic where he made a voyage in a converted submarine, showing the feasibility of such travel beneath the sea ice.
Wilkins remained a respected adviser on polar equipment for the rest of his life. He was knighted in 1928. His publications include \IFlying the Arctic\i (1928) and \IUnder the North Pole\i (1931). He died in the United States.
#
"Williams, Frederick Ronald (Fred)",769,"0","g","0"
(1927-82)
\IArtist noted for landscape paintings and etchings.\i
Fred Williams was born in Melbourne and studied at the \JNational Gallery\j school and the George Bell school in the 1940s and in London at the Chelsea Art School in the early 1950s. During this period he produced more than 100 etchings, showing the influence of Sickert and Daumier.
Back in Australia, his personal style developed in his paintings of the Australian landscape to which he brought a new vision - a reviewer headed his article on Williams' 1958 exhibition at Melbourne's Australian Galleries, 'Resurrection of the Gum Tree'. In these paintings Williams used opposing bands of horizontal and vertical lines and made the monotony of the Australian bush a virtue.
His success led him to expand to other genres, including portraits, nude drawings, children and animal paintings. In 1963 he won the Helena Rubinstein scholarship; in the 1960s and 1970s his work was promoted by the Sydney dealer Rudy Komon. He won the Wynne Prize for landscape in 1966 and 1976. By the end of his life he was recognised as a major influence in the world of Australian art.
Major exhibitions of Williams' work included \IHeroic Landscape: Streeton-Williams\i at the \JNational Gallery\j of Victoria in 1970 and \IFred Williams - Landscapes of a Continent\i at the Museum of Modern Art in New York in 1977. He is represented in the Australian \JNational Gallery\j, \JCanberra\j, all state and many regional galleries in Australia, the Musem of Modern Art, New York, and the Victoria and Albert Museum, London.
#
"Williams, Keith",770,0,g,0
(1929- )
Keith Williams, Australian theme park and holiday resort developer, was born in Brisbane on 22nd September 1929. He came to fame when he developed the marine park \ISeaworld\i at Surfers Paradise in the late 1960s. He later developed \IHamilton Island\i but was bankrupted after the Australian pilots strike of 1990. However, he emerged again in 1996 with a new resort plan at Oyster Point, Port Hinchinbrook, on the Queensland north coast. He ran into problems with planning authorities and environmentalists who claimed his development threatened the survival of marine life, such as the Dugong.
#
"Williams, R.M.",771,0,g,0
(1908-)
R. M. Williams, celebrated Australian bushman and leather goods manufacturer, was born Reginald Murray Williams near the Flinders Ranges in South Australia on 24th May 1908. He left home at 14 and for three years became a camel boy with missionary Billy Wade in Central Australia. He helped form the Ernabella Aboriginal reserve in South Australia and later made a fortune from a Northern Territory gold mine and lost it all on a tea plantation in Papua New Guinea.
He founded the outback magazine \IHoofa and Horns\i in 1946 and edited it for 40 years, and also served as the secretary of the Professional Rodeo Association for 50 years, which he founded. He came to fame selling bushmen's boots and stockman's raincoats. He was awarded the Order of Australia in 1992 for his service to business and the community. He has six sons and three daughters, has written four books, and was responsible for the establishment of the Australian Bushman's Hall of Fame in 1988 at Longreach.
#
"Williams, Robyn",772,"0","g","0"
(1944-)
\IScience journalist and broadcaster noted for the ABC Science Show program.\i
Born in Wales, Williams graduated in science from London University and has been awarded honorary doctorates in science from several Australian universities. Williams joined the ABC Radio Science Unit in 1972 and became executive producer in 1975. His popular shows, \IThe Science Show\i and \IOckham's Razor\i have made developments in science accessible to a wide audience.
He was a foundation commissioner of the Commission For the Future in 1984 and became chairman in 1990. He has also been president of the Australian Museum Trust since 1985. His books include \IBest of the Science Show\i (1983), \IScience Show 2\i (1986), \IOutpourings\i (1987), \IHere Come the Philistines\i (1989) and \IUncertainty Principle\i (1989), which was based on his television show of the same name.
#
"Williamson, John",773,"f\1\jwilliam.jpg","c","0"
November 1995 marks twenty five years since the boy from the Mallee came into town with his first song, \IOld Man Emu.\i He won the national \INew Faces\i TV show and a recording contract, and the record went to No.1 nationally, and gold!
Those thirteen years were spent by John in hosting a regional television show, fronting cover bands, trying rock "n" roll, performing solo.... but ultimately coming to realise that his gift lay in writing and singing songs of Australia, in his own Australian voice. These were the stories his audiences came to hear - songs about their own lives and their own land, sung in their own voice.
In the early years, John was constantly told that people didn't want to hear original music, they wanted covers, and that his Australian accent was too broad, too homespun. But John dug in his heels. "This is my voice, this is my land", he said, "I can only sing about what I know". And it became clear that this was what people wanted to hear.
Having found his true Australian voice, John went from strength to strength. He has released 21 albums, and sold over 1 million copies. He has won 13 Gold Guitars, 8 MO Awards and several ARIAs. He travels the country playing to packed houses. With the 1986 re-release of "True Blue" as the theme for the Government's "Buy Australian" campaign, John's position as "The Voice of Australia" was consolidated.
John was born in 1945 and raised in the Victorian mallee. He lived in the small farming community of Quambatook, which is still the source of ideas for many of his songs. His parents were participants in anything musical in the town and introduced young John first to the harmonica, then ukulele, and finally the guitar. Although playing tuba in the boarding school orchestra, he was inspired by the American folkies and formed the John D Four.
In 1965 John's family moved to Croppa Creek, near Moree, NSW which also became the source of memories that would later emerge as songs. Here, John performed covers in local coffee shops, but his first self-penned song, \IOld Man Emu,\i took him to National No.1 on the charts, and a gold record.
\ITrue Blue\i in 1982 was the real beginning of John's ability to express clearly his deep passion for Australia, and to feel comfortable with his musical direction. He started working his one man show in pubs and clubs, performing his own distinctly Aussie material. Steadily, loyal audiences grew, both in Sydney and the bush. \ITrue Blue\i and \IFair Dinkum JW,\i the first albums material hones before John's increasing numbers of fans, were both released.
In 1988, John performed at the opening of Australia's new Parliament House not among the pomp and ceremony, but on the forecourt with his public.
In 1994, John was the presenter of a Landcare video special which looked at recent successes in the careful management of land and its resources. As always, John Williamson wants to encourage people to take responsibility for the world around them - as well as to entertain them.
In 1996 John began hosting a pay-TV television series called \ITrue Blue.\i
John Williamson's career is well summarised by Bob Ellie in his forward to John's book \ITrue Blue\i: "John Williamson has the soil of the nation under his fingernails. In the tradition of Banjo Paterson and Henry Lawson he writes and sings on the universals that scar and bind us .....in an unrepentant Australian voice."
In 1997 John Williamson began hosting a new television lifestyle program called \IBush Telegraph.\i
\IThis information and photograph supplied courtesy Matthews Music Pty Ltd.\i
\BDescription:\b John Williamson \I(Matthews Music Pty Ltd)\i.
#
"Willis, Ralph",774,0,g,0
(1938- )
Ralph Willis, former Australian Labor Party politician and Treasurer, was born in Footscray, Victoria on 14th April 1938. After attending Melbourne University, he became an ACTU advocate from 1960 until 1972 when he entered Federal politics. From 1977 until 1983, he was opposition economics spokesman. He served as Employment and Industrial Relations Minister from 1987-88, Transport Communications Minister 1988-90, and Finance Minister from 1990-91.
In December 1991, he was sworn-in as Treasurer in Bob Hawke's Government to replace John Kerin, but only lasted 18 days. After Paul Keating replaced Bob Hawke as Prime Minister, Ralph Willis was replaced by John Dawkins, which up until that time made him the only Treasurer not to bring down a Budget. However in December 1993, when Dawkins retired from politics, Willis was once again sworn in as Treasurer and brought down his first Budget on 10th May 1994.
#
"Wills, William John",775,"f\1\r0802.jpg","c","0"
(1834-61)
\IExplorer who was second in command to \JRobert Burke\j on an ill-fated expedition to the centre of Australia.\i
Born in England, Wills migrated to Victoria in 1852 where he found surveying work before being appointed to the staff of Melbourne's new meteorological observatory in 1858. In 1860 he was appointed third in command to \JRobert Burke\j in an expedition to explore central Australia, becoming second in command when the original appointee resigned. With Burke, John King and Charles Gray, Wills made the final push to reach the Gulf of Carpentaria.
On their terrible return journey to the depot at Cooper's Creek, Gray died and Burke, Wills and King found the camp had been abandoned by the waiting party just seven hours before. Against Wills' advice, they attempted to find their way further south to Mount Hopeless, both Burke and Wills dying of starvation and exhaustion in the desert on or about 30 June 1861. In spite of his disagreements with many of Burke's decisions, Wills remained loyal and faithful to his leader until his death. However, his letters to his father, the last written in the desert when he knew he was facing death, reveal his scepticism and disapproval.
\BDescription:\b Burke and Wills memorial \I(RAHS)\i.
#
"Wiseman, Solomon",776,0,g,0
(1777-1838)
Solomon Wiseman was born at Kent, England on 16th April 1777. He came to Australia as a convict in 1806 for stealing Brazil wood. He was accompanied by his wife Jane Middleton and their children. After he was freed in 1810 he worked at sea, travelling the coastal route between Port Stephens and Kiama. He was granted 80 hectares of land northwest of Sydney on the Hawkesbury River. In 1827 he established a ferry service, known as "Wiseman's Ferry," for the transportation of livestock across the Hawkesbury River; today it is used to ferry cars.
He used convict labour for his own ends and even built a hotel The Sign of the Packet, and earnt the name The King of the Hawkesbury. He was accused of treating convict labour badly and acting corruptly and dishonestly although nothing was ever proven. His wife died in 1821 leaving him with four sons and two daughters. In 1926, he married Sophia Warner, the widow of one of his employees. He died on 12th January 1838, aged 61.
#
"Wood, James",777,0,g,0
(1941- )
Justice James Wood, New South Wales lawyer and Royal Commissioner, was born James Ronald Thompson Wood in Sydney on 10th March 1941. He headed the 1994-1997 New South Wales Royal Commission into the State's police force. He graduated from the University of Sydney and studied law, becoming a lawyer from 1965 until 1970 when he became a barrister. He was appointed a QC in 1980 and a Supreme Court Justice in 1984. He married Jennifer Garling on 2nd November 1966 and has one son and two daughters.
He was appointed head of the Royal Commission into the New South Wales Police force on the 13th May 1994. The Commission began on the 24th November 1994 and ran for 451 days until 13th March 1997. The commission interviewed 640 witnesses and seven people who were interviewed consequently committed suicide. Two others were jailed for failing to give evidence under oath. Amongst those who committed suicide were a dog trainer, two policemen, a former judge and a high school principal.
#
"Woods, Sir Frank",778,0,g,0
(1907-92)
Sir Frank Woods, former Australian Anglican Archbishop, was born in England on 6th April, 1907 and came to Australia to succeed Archbishop J. J. Booth in 1957. He served as an Army Chaplain during WWII at Dunkirk and in North Africa. He was Archbishop of Victoria from 17th December 1957 to 1977 and was Primate of the Anglican Church of Australia from 1971 to 1977. He married Jean Sprules on 9th June 1936 and had two sons and two daughters. He died on Sunday 29th November 1992, aged 85, just three weeks before his daughter Clem was to be ordained into the priesthood.
#
"Wooldrige, Michael",779,0,g,0
(1956- )
Dr Michael Wooldridge, Australian politician, was born in Melbourne on 7th November 1956. After graduating from Monash University he practiced medicine until he entered politics in the seat of Chisholm in 1987. He served as opposition spokesman on Aboriginal Affairs under John Hewson from April 1990. In 1993, he was elected Deputy Leader of the Liberal Party. He is married to Michelle "Shelly", and they have one son Edward. In 1996, he was appointed Minister for Health and Family Services in the Howard Government.
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"Wooley, Charles",780,"0","g","0"
Charles was born in Launceston in 1948. After completing an Honours Degree in History, he joined the Hobart Examiner as a Graduate cadet.
He left Hobart to take up the position of on-air reporter for ABC radio in Perth, which included work on the radio programs "AM" and "PM".
Charles then joined \IThis Day Tonight\i as a reporter, a position which he held for five years. This was followed by a trip to Britain working for BBC Radio.
The late seventies saw Charles return to Australia following two years in Britain. He joined \IFour Corners,\i based in Sydney.
Charles returned to Tasmania to work on \INationwide\i before returning to London in 1983 where he was \INationwide's\i London and European correspondent.
In 1985, Charles joined the Nine Network's \ISunday\i program. During the lead-up to the Presidential elections in August 1985, the US network CBS was so impressed with Wooley's report for \ISunday\i on the Democrat Party Convention in Atlanta, that it ran as a lead story on their \ISunday Morning\i program across America. Charles subsequently won the 1988 Penguin award for Coverage Of A Current Affairs Story for this \ISunday\i report and in that same year, Charles joined \I60 Minutes.\i
\IThis information supplied courtesy TCN Channel Nine Pty Ltd.\i
#
"Wootten, Sir George Frederick",781,"0","g","0"
(1893-1970)
\ISolicitor and military officer who accepted the Japanese surrender in Borneo in 1945.\i
Born in Sydney, Wootten trained at the Royal Military College, Duntroon, and in World War I had a distinguished record, serving at Gallipoli and in France and Flanders. After the war he became a solicitor. In World War II he returned to the army, commanding the 2/2nd Battalion, the 18th Infantry Brigade during the siege of Tobruk and finally, in the rank of major general, the 9th Australian Division in New Guinea and Borneo. In this last position he accepted the surrender of the Japanese in Borneo in 1945. He was chairman of the Repatriation Commission from 1945 and was knighted on his retirement in 1958.
#
"Wordley, Dick",782,0,g,0
(1923-95)
Dick Wordley, Australian investigative journalist, was born in Adelaide on 23rd April 1923. He started out as a journalist with the RAAF during WWII and later worked for the \ISydney Sun Herald\i, the \IHobart Mercury\i, the \IAdelaide News\i and the \IMelbourne Truth\i bureau in Adelaide. He wrote many stories and books about child abduction, including the award-winning \ICathyÆs Child\i. Father of five children, he died on 24th July 1995, aged 72.
\IState Labor politician who was premier of New South Wales 1976-86.\i
Born and educated in Sydney, Wran became a solicitor and barrister and was made a QC in 1968. He entered the New South Wales Legislative Council in 1970, moved to the Legislative Assembly in 1973 and became leader of the Labor opposition. He became premier when Labor won a one-seat majority at the 1976 election. In 1978 he achieved a landslide electoral victory and again increased his majority in 1981. In 1980 he became federal president of the Labor Party.
Wran was an able administrator and his government made achievements in the fields of constitutional, electoral and law reform, public sector management and consumer protection. The latter years of his premiership were marred by attempts to link him to organised crime and judicial corruption.
In 1983 he temporarily stood down from office while a royal commission headed by Chief Justice Sir Laurence Street investigated allegations that the chief stipendiary magistrate had attempted to pervert the course of justice at Wran's request. The findings of the commission, popularly known as the Wran Commission, completely exonerated him. He resigned from the premiership and from parliament unexpectedly in 1986, holding the record for the longest unbroken New South Wales premiership. He was chairman of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation from 1986 to 1991 after which he concentrated on his merchant bank interests.
\ISports promoter, financier and gambler who was a powerful figure in the 1920s and 1930s.\i
Wren was born in Melbourne and as a young man ran an illegal totaliser which gave the start to his eventual huge fortune. His sporting promotions included boxing matches and he invested in racehorses, it being often alleged that he rigged races and bribed the police. From 1916 he controlled Stadiums Ltd which operated boxing matches in Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane; he extended his interests with moving picture and newspaper investments.
New South Wales premier \JJack Lang\j called him 'the champion wirepuller' of the 1920s and early 1930s, referring to his alleged manipulation of the Labor Party in Victoria and Queensland. The character John West in Frank Hardy's \IPower Without Glory\i is thought to have been based on Wren. Two books about his life have been written - \I\JJohn Wren\j: Gambler\i (1971) by Niall Brennan and \IThe Real \JJohn Wren\j\i (1977) by Hugh Buggy.
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"Wright, Judith Arundell",785,"0","g","0"
(1915-)
\IPoet whose works include the collections The Moving Image (1946), Woman to Man (1949), Five Senses (1963) and Fourth Quarter and Other Poems (1976).\i
Born near Armidale, New South Wales, Judith Wright grew up on a New England property and then studied at the University of Sydney. Her first published book of verse was \IThe Moving Image\i in 1946, the outcome of her return to her country home during World War II and her consideration of her relationship to the land. This was met with critical acclaim.
She has since published many other volumes with her \ICollected Poems 1942-1970\i being published in 1971, \IThe Double Tree: Selected Poems\i 1942-1976 in 1978 and \IA Human Pattern, Selected Poems\i in 1990. She has also written \IThe Generations of Man\i (1958), a mixture of fiction and fact based on a period of her family history, a monograph on Charles Harpur (1964), \IPreoccupations in Australian Poetry\i (1965), a critical work, and \IThe Cry for the Dead\i (1981), about the tragic impact of white colonisation on the Aboriginal people.
Other works include short stories and children's fiction and the editing of anthologies of Australian verse. She has remained recognised as one of Australia's leading and most stimulating poets. Much of her poetry is based on an identification with the land and natural life of Australia and leads through this to an exploration of universal questions such as the eternal nature of change.
Judith Wright has received the Grace Leven Award for poetry twice and the Australia Britannica Award for literature in 1964; in 1992 she became the first Australian to receive the Queen's Gold Medal for poetry. She has been an active conservationist and spokesperson on behalf of Aboriginal rights.
#
"Wright, Keith",786,0,g,0
(1942- )
Keith Wright, former Queensland Labor Party leader, was born Keith Webb Wright in Toowoomba on 9th January 1942, the son of a grocer. He worked as a country school teacher before entering politics in 1969. He served as Queensland opposition leader and then joined Federal politics as the member for Capricornia in Rockhampton from 1984 until 1992. He was dumped by his party following rape and sexual assault charges. On 28th October 1993 he was jailed for 8 years.
His 1964 marriage to Jennifer Dawson ended in divorce with one daughter. In 1987 he married school teacher Allison Donahue and gained a step-daughter. While in jail he collected a lump sum pension payout of $494,845 from the Queensland government and an annual federal pension of $34,332 which was the equivalent of 50% of a backbencher's salary.
#
"Wright, Peter",787,0,g,0
(1916-95)
Peter Wright, former MI5 officer and author of \ISpycatcher,\i was born in Chesterfield, England on 9th August 1916. He came to fame when his best selling book \ISpycatcher,\i detailing life as a British spy, was banned by British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, claiming it contained sensitive information. He accused Sir Roger Hollis, Director General of MI5 from 1955 to 1964, as being a Russian spy and the 5th man in the Burgess, McLean, Philby, Blunt spy network.
He took the banning of his book in the UK as far as the high court where, in 1988, ten of the eleven judges thought he was correct in publishing his memoirs. He sold over five million copies of the book before he died from pneumonia in Tasmania on 27th April 1995, aged 78. He is survived by his wife Lois, two daughters, Tessa and Jenny, and son Bevis.
#
"Wylie",788,f\1\king0044.jpg,c,0
\IAborigine who accompanied E.J. Eyre on his expedition from South Australia to the west coast.\i
The Aborigine who was known to Europeans as Wylie belonged to a people living at King Georges Sound. He was brought from Albany to Adelaide by the explorer Edward \JJohn Eyre\j in 1840. He left Fowler's Bay with Eyre, his assistant Baxter and two other Aborigines in 1841. After the killing of Baxter by the other two Aborigines, who had been caught raiding the stores, Eyre and Wylie continued on together. They suffered greatly from lack of food, but survived because Wylie was able to shoot some animals and also taught Eyre how to use bush food.
Eventually they obtained supplies from a passing French ship and went on to Albany. Wylie received a small reward and weekly food ration for his services and was appointed a police constable. However, he was introduced to alcohol, became ill and was suspended. Eyre had Wylie's government ration of food increased in 1848. After this there is no record of him.
\BDescription:\b Eyre and Wylie \I(Jonathan King)\i.
#
"Yeldham, David",789,0,g,0
(1929-96)
Justice David Yeldham, former Australian Supreme Court judge, was born David Albert Yeldham at Gladstone, near Kempsey in New South Wales on 6th June 1929. After graduating from Knox in Wahroonga, he studied law at Sydney University while serving articles at his Uncle John Yeldham's Sydney law practice. He practised as a solicitor for two years until he was admitted to the Bar in 1955, and became a Queens Counsel in 1973. He was appointed a Supreme Court Judge in 1974. He retired from the bench in 1990 and was appointed director of the National Association for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect.
He married Anne Jude in 1959 and they had two sons, Bruce and James, and a daughter, Belinda. In New South Wales Parliament, under parliamentary privilege, State politician Franca Arena from the Upper House, suggested that Yeldham had received favourable treatment from the independent inquiry into corruption which was concentrating on pedophilia. Yeldham died when he gassed himself in his car in the carport of his Hunters Hill home, aged 67. Yeldham was the sixth person to commit suicide as a result of the NSW Wood Royal Commission.
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"Young, Mick",790,0,g,0
(1936-96)
Mick Young, former Australian Labor Party politician and minister for Immigration, Local Government and Ethnic Affairs, was born in Sydney on 9th October 1936. Young was educated at Marist Brothers Mosman before becoming a trainee wool classer and shearer. He was elected to the seat of Port Adelaide in 1974, after serving as Federal Secretary from 1969 until 1973. He resigned from politics on 8th February 1988 after bad publicity regarding a $10,000 party donation from the Harris Daishowa woodchip company.
He had been embroiled in a number of controversies over recent years that saw him resign his portfolio on two previous occasions. First, on 22nd April 1983 when he told lobbyist Eric Walsh that "the Government was about to kick out a Russian", which was known as the Ivanov Affair. The second incident was in January 1984, known as the æPaddington Bear Affair.Æ Young failed to declare all the goods he had bought overseas, including a Paddington bear doll. He died from leukemia in Sydney's St. Vincents Hospital on 8th April 1996, aged 59, and was awarded a state funeral.
#
"Yu, John",791,0,g,0
(1934- )
Dr John Yu, Australian Chinese doctor, was born on 12th December 1934. He was smuggled out of China as a three year old in 1937, shortly before it fell to the Japanese. His family came to Australia to join relatives who had migrated to the Victorian goldfields in the 1860s. After studying paediatrics, he became a doctor, and later the chief executive officer of the Royal Alexandria Children's Hospital in 1972. In 1995, he obtained the new title of CEO of the New Children's Hospital. He retired as chief executive officer at the end of 1997. On Australia Day 1996, he was named Australian of the Year. A keen lover of decorative arts, he has written and lectured extensively on the subject.
