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- Minutes:
- <WHOLE.NOTE> Last time we covered the basic things you need to know to get
- started. This time we will get into some more detail on the various envelope
- commands.
- For the most part, the character of the sound is pretty well established by the
- ATK, DCY, SUS, REL, PNT, WAV and P-W commands that we covered last time.
- Vibrato is also an important command. Actually two commands, VDP (vibrato
- depth) and VRT (vibrato rate) are required. When vibrato is used the note
- increases and decreases in pitch by a small amount in a cyclical manner. The
- VDP command controls how much the pitch changes and the VRT command sets the
- rate. BOTH commands are necessary. This is very useful for stringed
- instruments, flutes, horns... well most instruments in fact... it is a matter
- of degree. I often use VDP 3, VRT 2 on voices just to give them a little
- "richer" sound. On lead voices that are strings or flute, the VDP might be
- 7 to 12.
- A very powerful effect is to deepen the vibrato on long, sustained notes.
- Let's say you are using a sax or violin vocie and have a setting of VDP 7 for
- that voice. After the notes are entered, scan for any notes longer than say a
- quarter note. Then change them into tied notes no larger thana quarter.
- For example, half notes would become two quarter notes tied. Then insert higher
- and higher VDP values between each set of tied notes. Finally, place a VDP 7
- <after the last note to return it to the original value. As an example, a
- dotted half would become a quarter(tied), VDP 9, quarter(tied), VDP 12,
- quarter(tied), VDP 7. This will give drama and sensitivity to the note. Be
- sure to try this!
- PVD and PVR also create vibrato, but only on P wave voices. They change the
- Pulse Width, rather than the pitch.Try these also and see how they compare to
- VDP and VRT.
- Another important command is POR. This allows you to glide from one pitch
- to another. This is really powerful stuff.. and often misused and overdone...
- you must be careful with it. It is essential for doing certain accoustic
- instruments.. but other instruments are physically incapable of doing it. A
- guitarist can bend a string to cause it to smoothly grow in pitch to the next
- higher step or two (but not 6 or 7 steps usually!). I imagine a violinist can
- also But there just ain't now way a xylophone player can do that! (Having
- said that so strongly, you just KNOW I'll mention exceptions later, huh?)
- A guitarist will bend OCCAISIONAL notes for emphasis. The sheet music or
- tablature will show two different pitch notes tied together. Here you can use
- POR. Enter a value for POR that allows the glide to reach the second note's
- value before the note stops. Trial and error again. Fact is, POR is a function
- of tempo, octave, and the difference in note pitches. Be sure to reset the POR
- value to 0 before the next note plays to stop the glide effect.
- Often you can improve the sound of grace notes (on suitable instrument
- voices) by simply setting the grace note as an A (Absolute) value. This A
- setting has no real duration at all. It simply tells the player to begin the
- POR glide from this value. SO... if you want to play an F#4 bent to a G4
- quarter note, set an F#4 for a duration of A, POR 40, G4 Qtr, POR 0.
- Two other uses for POR are the exceptions I warned I'd toss out! One is for
- drums.. and we'll cover that in a later session. The other is for saxophone
- voices. Lately I have been using very high POR values, 1500 - 2000, in the
- basic envelope and this seems to give a pleasing, "raspy" sound as the note
- begins.
- P&V is a command to play both portamento and vibrato at the same time.
- Normally vibrato only begins after the glide is complete. I haven't used it
- myself, but it seems it might be useful for a trombone or slide whistle.
- DTN is used to detune a note a bit up or down. Sometimes SMALL values of
- detune on different voices using the same envelope makes the sound fuller. A
- nice example someone gave me was that it is highly improbable that every violin
- in an orchestra is identically tuned; that every note is hit precisely; that
- every instrument produces perfect pitches every time. Those slight differences
- create interferences and harmonics that give the section its richness rather
- than sounding like a single GIGANTIC violin playing. A slight amount of DTN
- can simulate this.
- Another unusual use for detune also occurs with violins. I understand that
- it was the practice, at least at one time, for a solo violinist to tune a very
- slight bit sharp above the rest of the strings. This made it stand out just a
- bit. For this purpose, DTN of 2 or 3 is probably plenty. I sometimes do
- this... but have to admit I can't hear the difference myself.. but I know it's
- there! ;)
- TPS is for transposing. Remember that there are 12 half steps to an octave,
- not 8 or 16! If you want to play something an octave lower, use TPS -12.
- Most of the time you need to use TPS -12 for guitar. I reckon they show the
- sheet music an octave higher to make it easier to read. Likewise, piccolo
- music needs to be transposed UP an octave usually. In orchestra scores be VERY
- careful of transposing instruments. In the same score, several instruments
- may have their notes shown in different keys. If the INSTRUMENTS play those
- notes it will sound great, cuz clarinets, horns, and some others actually
- produce a different pitch than the notation! (Don't ask me why - I figger
- they just did this to make it more complicated to explain!) In any event, if
- you just eneter the notes you see, and then play it... it will sound horrible!
- You will need to transpose some number, 5 or whatever, to get it in key. It
- depends on the instrument. (Ya get into trouble on this.. ask a musician... I
- get all confused myself!)
- The SNC and RNG commands are for creating complex sounds and the book does
- quite well at explaining them. They are too complicated to for me to go into
- here. The same is true for the Modulation commands.
- Filters are also complex, but I'll discuss them a bit. The SID filters let
- you mute either the higher, lower, or both ranges of frequencies of a note
- being played. Setting the F-M to L allows the lower sounds to pass through, H
- allows the high notes to pass, and B only allows the midrange to pass. These
- filterings can really drastically alter the sounds. Make them more mellow,
- more crisp, more hollow, more tinny, and usually quieter.
- There are two mechanisms for using filters. The first is to set the F-M to
- the range you want, then set the Cutoff Value. This sets the value at which
- the filter will begin to cutoff or pass. This needs to be set so that you
- won't lose any notes that you want to have heard. The oter way is to use AUT
- which automatically sets the value for the cutoff for each note so as to be
- sure to allow it to play. Different values of this setting give different
- qualities to the sound and you need to experiment. You can also try using
- F-S that will sweep through various values of filtration while the note plays.
- Finally, in order to activate the filter, you must turn it on with the
- FLT YES command.
- Filters have two big problems associated with their use. The effects seem to
- be very machine specific for C-64's. Some machines may not even produce any
- sound at all when a SID uses filters that sound great on another. This is
- just a fact and not much can be done about it. The oteher problem comes in
- trying to use filters on more than one voice in the SID at the same time.
- Often this overloads the SID filter and either the tones are both lost, or a
- hum is produced instead. (SOMETIMES it works just fine for YOU and not
- anyone else who tries to play it on their machine. :/ )
- This has been quite a bit to cover for one session... and will take some
- time for you to master... but I hope there have been a few things that you'll
- find helpful. Next time we will look at using some of the things covered
- this session to build SIDs whose voices work together, and begin to look a bit
- more at Stereo SIDs and at SIDding particular instruments.