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| Texas Instruments Calculator Program | 2019-04-13 | 30.4 KB |
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hex view+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
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|00001280| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 53 22 00 f9 52 | | S"..R|
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|00001ac0| 45 43 54 52 4f 4e 20 57 | 4f 55 4c 44 20 4d 45 52 |ECTRON W|OULD MER|
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|00001ae0| 45 20 41 20 54 4f 52 51 | 55 45 20 54 45 4e 44 49 |E A TORQ|UE TENDI|
|00001af0| 4e 47 20 54 4f 20 41 4c | 49 47 4e 20 49 54 20 22 |NG TO AL|IGN IT "|
|00001b00| 00 7f 5b 4c 04 99 22 57 | 49 54 48 20 54 48 45 20 |..[L.."W|ITH THE |
|00001b10| 4d 41 47 4e 45 54 49 43 | 20 46 49 45 4c 44 2e 20 |MAGNETIC| FIELD. |
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|00001b30| 4e 48 4f 4d 4f 47 45 4e | 45 4f 55 53 20 4d 41 47 |NHOMOGEN|EOUS MAG|
|00001b40| 4e 45 54 49 43 20 46 49 | 45 4c 44 20 45 41 43 48 |NETIC FI|ELD EACH|
|00001b50| 20 50 4f 4c 45 20 20 4f | 46 20 54 48 45 20 44 49 | POLE O|F THE DI|
|00001b60| 50 4f 4c 45 20 49 53 20 | 53 55 42 4a 45 43 54 20 |POLE IS |SUBJECT |
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|00001b80| fc 5b 56 04 99 22 44 49 | 46 46 45 52 45 4e 54 20 |.[V.."DI|FFERENT |
|00001b90| 4d 41 47 4e 49 54 55 44 | 45 2c 20 41 4e 44 20 54 |MAGNITUD|E, AND T|
|00001ba0| 48 45 52 45 46 4f 52 45 | 20 54 48 45 20 20 52 45 |HEREFORE| THE RE|
|00001bb0| 53 55 4c 54 49 4e 47 20 | 46 4f 52 43 45 20 4f 4e |SULTING |FORCE ON|
|00001bc0| 20 54 48 45 20 44 49 50 | 4f 4c 45 20 56 41 52 49 | THE DIP|OLE VARI|
|00001bd0| 45 53 20 20 20 20 57 49 | 54 48 20 49 54 53 20 4f |ES WI|TH ITS O|
|00001be0| 52 49 45 4e 54 41 54 49 | 4f 4e 20 52 45 4c 41 54 |RIENTATI|ON RELAT|
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|00001c00| 04 99 22 46 49 45 4c 44 | 2e 20 57 45 20 4d 49 47 |.."FIELD|. WE MIG|
|00001c10| 48 54 20 45 58 50 45 43 | 54 2c 20 46 52 4f 4d 20 |HT EXPEC|T, FROM |
|00001c20| 54 48 45 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 43 4c 41 53 53 |THE | CLASS|
|00001c30| 49 43 41 4c 20 53 54 41 | 4e 44 50 4f 49 4e 54 2c |ICAL STA|NDPOINT,|
|00001c40| 20 54 48 41 54 20 41 4c | 4c 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | THAT AL|L |
|00001c50| 20 20 20 4f 52 49 45 4e | 54 41 54 49 4f 4e 53 20 | ORIEN|TATIONS |
|00001c60| 53 48 4f 55 4c 44 20 42 | 45 20 50 52 45 53 45 4e |SHOULD B|E PRESEN|
|00001c70| 54 20 49 4e 20 41 20 42 | 45 41 4d 22 00 fb 5c 6a |T IN A B|EAM"..\j|
|00001c80| 04 99 22 4f 46 20 41 54 | 4f 4d 53 2e 20 49 46 20 |.."OF AT|OMS. IF |
|00001c90| 54 48 49 53 20 57 45 52 | 45 20 53 4f 20 54 48 45 |THIS WER|E SO THE|
|00001ca0| 4e 20 57 45 20 57 4f 55 | 4c 44 20 45 58 50 45 43 |N WE WOU|LD EXPEC|
|00001cb0| 54 20 54 4f 20 46 49 4e | 44 20 41 20 42 52 4f 41 |T TO FIN|D A BROA|
|00001cc0| 44 20 54 52 41 43 45 20 | 4f 4e 20 54 48 45 20 20 |D TRACE |ON THE |
|00001cd0| 20 20 20 50 48 4f 54 4f | 47 52 41 50 48 49 43 20 | PHOTO|GRAPHIC |
|00001ce0| 50 4c 41 54 45 20 49 4e | 53 54 45 41 44 20 4f 46 |PLATE IN|STEAD OF|
|00001cf0| 20 54 48 45 20 54 48 49 | 4e 20 22 00 7a 5d 74 04 | THE THI|N ".z]t.|
|00001d00| 99 22 4c 49 4e 45 20 46 | 4f 52 4d 45 44 20 49 4e |."LINE F|ORMED IN|
|00001d10| 20 54 48 45 20 41 42 53 | 45 4e 43 45 20 4f 46 20 | THE ABS|ENCE OF |
|00001d20| 41 4e 59 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 4d 41 47 4e 45 54 |ANY | MAGNET|
|00001d30| 49 43 20 46 49 45 4c 44 | 2e 20 48 4f 57 45 56 45 |IC FIELD|. HOWEVE|
|00001d40| 52 20 53 54 45 52 4e 20 | 41 4e 44 20 20 20 20 20 |R STERN |AND |
|00001d50| 20 20 47 45 52 4c 41 43 | 48 20 46 4f 55 4e 44 20 | GERLAC|H FOUND |
|00001d60| 54 48 41 54 20 54 48 45 | 20 42 45 41 4d 20 53 50 |THAT THE| BEAM SP|
|00001d70| 4c 49 54 20 49 4e 54 4f | 20 22 00 fa 5d 7e 04 99 |LIT INTO| "..]~..|
|00001d80| 22 54 57 4f 20 44 49 53 | 54 49 4e 43 54 20 50 41 |"TWO DIS|TINCT PA|
|00001d90| 52 54 53 2c 20 43 4f 52 | 52 45 53 50 4f 4e 44 49 |RTS, COR|RESPONDI|
|00001da0| 4e 47 20 54 4f 20 54 48 | 45 54 57 4f 20 53 50 49 |NG TO TH|ETWO SPI|
|00001db0| 4e 20 4f 52 49 45 4e 54 | 41 54 49 4f 4e 53 20 49 |N ORIENT|ATIONS I|
|00001dc0| 4e 20 54 48 45 20 4d 41 | 47 4e 45 54 49 43 20 20 |N THE MA|GNETIC |
|00001dd0| 20 46 49 45 4c 44 20 50 | 45 52 4d 49 54 54 45 44 | FIELD P|ERMITTED|
|00001de0| 20 42 59 20 53 50 41 43 | 45 20 51 55 41 4e 54 49 | BY SPAC|E QUANTI|
|00001df0| 5a 41 54 49 4f 4e 2e 22 | 3a 85 00 06 5e 88 04 99 |ZATION."|:...^...|
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|00001e10| 11 11 11 11 11 22 00 40 | 5e 9c 04 99 a3 31 30 29 |.....".@|^....10)|
|00001e20| 22 12 9e 20 53 50 49 4e | 2d 4f 52 42 49 54 20 49 |".. SPIN|-ORBIT I|
|00001e30| 4e 54 45 52 41 43 54 49 | 4f 4e 20 92 05 22 3a 85 |NTERACTI|ON ..":.|
|00001e40| 00 58 5e a6 04 99 c7 28 | 31 34 37 29 3a 99 22 11 |.X^....(|147):.".|
|00001e50| 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 22 | 00 ad 5e b0 04 99 a3 36 |......."|..^....6|
|00001e60| 29 22 54 48 45 20 54 4f | 54 41 4c 20 41 4e 47 55 |)"THE TO|TAL ANGU|
|00001e70| 4c 41 52 20 4d 4f 4d 45 | 4e 54 55 4d 20 4f 46 20 |LAR MOME|NTUM OF |
|00001e80| 41 4e 20 20 45 4c 45 43 | 54 52 4f 4e 20 49 4e 20 |AN ELEC|TRON IN |
|00001e90| 4f 52 42 49 54 20 49 4e | 20 41 4e 20 41 54 4f 4d |ORBIT IN| AN ATOM|
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|00001f20| 20 20 20 20 20 20 d2 22 | 00 58 5f ec 04 99 22 41 | ."|.X_..."A|
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|00001f40| 50 49 4e 20 41 4e 47 55 | 4c 41 52 20 4d 4f 4d 45 |PIN ANGU|LAR MOME|
|00001f50| 4e 54 55 4d 2e 22 3a 99 | 00 88 5f f6 04 99 22 4c |NTUM.":.|.._..."L|
|00001f60| 45 54 20 55 53 20 44 45 | 53 49 47 4e 41 54 45 20 |ET US DE|SIGNATE |
|00001f70| 42 59 20 4a 20 54 48 45 | 20 51 55 41 4e 54 55 4d |BY J THE| QUANTUM|
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|00002020| 53 49 4e 43 45 20 54 48 | 45 20 45 4c 45 43 54 52 |SINCE TH|E ELECTR|
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|00002040| 20 20 4f 4e 4c 59 20 54 | 57 4f 20 50 4f 53 53 49 | ONLY T|WO POSSI|
|00002050| 42 4c 45 20 4f 52 49 45 | 4e 54 41 54 49 4f 4e 53 |BLE ORIE|NTATIONS|
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|00002090| c2 60 3c 05 99 22 43 4f | 4e 43 4c 55 44 45 20 54 |.`<.."CO|NCLUDE T|
|000020a0| 48 41 54 20 54 48 45 20 | 50 4f 53 53 49 42 4c 45 |HAT THE |POSSIBLE|
|000020b0| 20 56 41 4c 55 45 53 20 | 4f 46 20 4a 20 20 41 52 | VALUES |OF J AR|
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|00002100| 57 48 45 4e 20 53 20 49 | 53 20 50 41 52 41 4c 4c |WHEN S I|S PARALL|
|00002110| 45 4c 20 54 4f 20 4c 2c | 20 41 4e 44 22 00 4c 61 |EL TO L,| AND".La|
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|000021c0| 20 20 49 4c 4c 55 53 54 | 52 41 54 45 44 20 49 4e | ILLUST|RATED IN|
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|00002480| 4c 45 20 4f 52 49 45 4e | 54 41 54 49 4f 4e 20 4f |LE ORIEN|TATION O|
|00002490| 46 20 54 48 45 20 20 20 | 20 20 45 4c 45 43 54 52 |F THE | ELECTR|
|000024a0| 4f 4e 20 53 50 49 4e 20 | 52 45 4c 41 54 49 56 45 |ON SPIN |RELATIVE|
|000024b0| 20 54 4f 20 54 48 45 20 | 4f 52 42 49 54 41 4c 20 | TO THE |ORBITAL |
|000024c0| 20 20 41 4e 47 55 4c 41 | 52 20 4d 4f 4d 45 4e 54 | ANGULA|R MOMENT|
|000024d0| 55 4d 20 47 49 56 45 53 | 20 52 49 53 45 20 54 4f |UM GIVES| RISE TO|
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|00002500| 45 56 45 4c 53 20 28 45 | 58 43 45 50 54 20 20 20 |EVELS (E|XCEPT |
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|00002520| 20 41 54 4f 4d 53 20 57 | 49 54 48 20 4f 4e 45 20 | ATOMS W|ITH ONE |
|00002530| 56 41 4c 45 4e 43 45 20 | 20 20 20 20 45 4c 45 43 |VALENCE | ELEC|
|00002540| 54 52 4f 4e 2e 20 54 48 | 45 20 4e 45 58 54 20 43 |TRON. TH|E NEXT C|
|00002550| 48 41 52 54 20 53 48 4f | 57 53 20 54 48 45 20 22 |HART SHO|WS THE "|
|00002560| 00 8a 65 22 06 99 22 50 | 4f 53 53 49 42 4c 45 20 |..e".."P|OSSIBLE |
|00002570| 53 54 41 54 45 53 20 46 | 4f 52 20 54 48 45 20 45 |STATES F|OR THE E|
|00002580| 4c 45 43 54 52 4f 4e 22 | 3a 85 00 a2 65 2c 06 99 |LECTRON"|:...e,..|
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|00002710| 20 50 52 49 4e 43 49 50 | 4c 45 20 92 05 22 3a 85 | PRINCIP|LE ..":.|
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|00002750| 4e 47 20 50 41 55 4c 49 | 2c 20 46 52 4f 4d 20 41 |NG PAULI|, FROM A|
|00002760| 20 20 20 20 53 54 55 44 | 59 20 4f 46 20 41 54 4f | STUD|Y OF ATO|
|00002770| 4d 49 43 20 53 50 45 43 | 54 52 41 2c 20 44 49 53 |MIC SPEC|TRA, DIS|
|00002780| 43 4f 56 45 52 45 44 20 | 54 48 45 20 46 55 4e 44 |COVERED |THE FUND|
|00002790| 41 4d 45 4e 54 41 4c 20 | 50 52 49 4e 43 49 50 4c |AMENTAL |PRINCIPL|
|000027a0| 45 20 54 48 41 54 20 47 | 4f 56 45 52 4e 53 20 20 |E THAT G|OVERNS |
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|000027c0| 45 4c 45 43 54 52 4f 4e | 49 43 20 43 4f 4e 46 49 |ELECTRON|IC CONFI|
|000027d0| 47 55 52 41 54 49 4f 4e | 53 20 4f 46 20 41 54 4f |GURATION|S OF ATO|
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|000027f0| 54 48 41 4e 20 4f 4e 45 | 20 45 4c 45 43 54 52 4f |THAN ONE| ELECTRO|
|00002800| 4e 2e 20 48 49 53 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 45 58 43 4c |N. HIS | EXCL|
|00002810| 55 53 49 4f 4e 20 50 52 | 49 4e 43 49 50 4c 45 20 |USION PR|INCIPLE |
|00002820| 53 54 41 54 45 53 22 3a | 85 00 41 68 ae 06 99 c7 |STATES":|..Ah....|
|00002830| 28 31 34 37 29 3a 99 22 | 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 |(147):."|........|
|00002840| 22 00 9d 68 b8 06 99 22 | 12 9e 20 20 20 20 20 20 |"..h..."|.. |
|00002850| 20 20 20 50 41 55 4c 49 | 27 53 20 45 58 43 4c 55 | PAULI|'S EXCLU|
|00002860| 53 49 4f 4e 20 50 52 49 | 4e 43 49 50 4c 45 20 20 |SION PRI|NCIPLE |
|00002870| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | |
|00002880| 20 20 20 20 20 2a 2a 2a | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | ***| |
|00002890| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 92 05 22 00 ff 68 | | .."..h|
|000028a0| c2 06 99 22 12 9e 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 4e 4f 20 |...".. | NO |
|000028b0| 54 57 4f 20 45 4c 45 43 | 54 52 4f 4e 53 20 49 4e |TWO ELEC|TRONS IN|
|000028c0| 20 41 4e 20 41 54 4f 4d | 20 43 41 4e 20 20 20 20 | AN ATOM| CAN |
|000028d0| 20 20 20 20 20 45 58 49 | 53 54 20 49 4e 20 54 48 | EXI|ST IN TH|
|000028e0| 45 20 53 41 4d 45 20 51 | 55 41 4e 54 55 4d 20 53 |E SAME Q|UANTUM S|
|000028f0| 54 41 54 45 20 20 92 05 | 22 3a 99 22 11 11 22 00 |TATE ..|":."..".|
|00002900| 62 69 cc 06 99 a3 36 29 | 22 54 48 55 53 20 45 41 |bi....6)|"THUS EA|
|00002910| 43 48 20 45 4c 45 43 54 | 52 4f 4e 20 49 4e 20 41 |CH ELECT|RON IN A|
|00002920| 4e 20 41 54 4f 4d 20 4d | 55 53 54 20 48 41 56 45 |N ATOM M|UST HAVE|
|00002930| 20 41 20 44 49 46 46 45 | 52 45 4e 54 20 53 45 54 | A DIFFE|RENT SET|
|00002940| 20 4f 46 20 51 55 41 4e | 54 55 4d 20 4e 55 4d 42 | OF QUAN|TUM NUMB|
|00002950| 45 52 53 20 4e 2c 20 4c | 2c 20 4d 20 2c 20 4d 20 |ERS N, L|, M , M |
|00002960| 2e 22 00 76 69 d6 06 99 | a3 36 29 22 20 20 4c 20 |.".vi...|.6)" L |
|00002970| 20 20 53 22 3a 85 00 8e | 69 e0 06 99 c7 28 31 34 | S":...|i....(14|
|00002980| 37 29 3a 99 22 11 11 11 | 11 11 11 11 11 22 00 05 |7):."...|....."..|
|00002990| 6a ea 06 99 a3 36 29 22 | 54 48 49 53 20 52 55 4c |j....6)"|THIS RUL|
|000029a0| 45 20 4e 4f 54 20 4f 4e | 4c 59 20 45 58 50 4c 41 |E NOT ON|LY EXPLA|
|000029b0| 49 4e 53 20 54 48 45 20 | 20 20 50 45 52 49 4f 44 |INS THE | PERIOD|
|000029c0| 49 43 20 50 48 59 53 49 | 43 41 4c 20 41 4e 44 20 |IC PHYSI|CAL AND |
|000029d0| 43 48 45 4d 49 43 41 4c | 20 42 45 48 41 56 49 4f |CHEMICAL| BEHAVIO|
|000029e0| 52 20 4f 46 20 54 48 45 | 20 45 4c 45 4d 45 4e 54 |R OF THE| ELEMENT|
|000029f0| 53 20 49 4e 20 41 20 42 | 45 41 55 54 49 46 55 4c |S IN A B|EAUTIFUL|
|00002a00| 20 41 4e 44 22 00 5a 6a | f4 06 99 22 53 49 4d 50 | AND".Zj|..."SIMP|
|00002a10| 4c 45 20 4d 41 4e 4e 45 | 52 20 42 55 54 20 49 54 |LE MANNE|R BUT IT|
|00002a20| 20 43 4f 52 52 45 4c 41 | 54 45 53 20 4d 41 4e 59 | CORRELA|TES MANY|
|00002a30| 20 20 20 20 4f 54 48 45 | 52 20 46 41 43 54 53 20 | OTHE|R FACTS |
|00002a40| 41 42 4f 55 54 20 41 54 | 4f 4d 49 43 20 53 54 52 |ABOUT AT|OMIC STR|
|00002a50| 55 43 54 55 52 45 2e 22 | 3a 85 00 72 6a fe 06 99 |UCTURE."|:..rj...|
|00002a60| c7 28 31 34 37 29 3a 99 | 22 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 |.(147):.|".......|
|00002a70| 11 22 00 fc 6a 08 07 99 | a3 36 29 22 46 49 52 53 |."..j...|.6)"FIRS|
|00002a80| 54 2c 20 48 4f 57 20 43 | 41 4e 20 57 45 20 55 53 |T, HOW C|AN WE US|
|00002a90| 45 20 50 41 55 4c 49 27 | 53 20 20 20 20 20 45 58 |E PAULI'|S EX|
|00002aa0| 43 4c 55 53 49 4f 4e 20 | 50 52 49 4e 43 49 50 4c |CLUSION |PRINCIPL|
|00002ab0| 45 20 54 4f 20 44 45 54 | 45 52 4d 49 4e 45 20 54 |E TO DET|ERMINE T|
|00002ac0| 48 45 20 20 20 20 45 4c | 45 43 54 52 4f 4e 49 43 |HE EL|ECTRONIC|
|00002ad0| 20 43 4f 4e 46 49 47 55 | 52 41 54 49 4f 4e 20 4f | CONFIGU|RATION O|
|00002ae0| 46 20 41 54 4f 4d 53 3f | 22 3a 85 3a 99 c7 28 31 |F ATOMS?|":.:..(1|
|00002af0| 34 37 29 3a 99 22 11 11 | 11 11 11 22 00 8a 6b 12 |47):."..|..."..k.|
|00002b00| 07 99 a3 36 29 22 54 4f | 20 44 4f 20 54 48 49 53 |...6)"TO| DO THIS|
|00002b10| 20 4c 45 54 20 55 53 20 | 43 41 4c 43 55 4c 41 54 | LET US |CALCULAT|
|00002b20| 45 20 54 48 45 20 20 20 | 4e 55 4d 42 45 52 20 4f |E THE |NUMBER O|
|00002b30| 46 20 43 4f 4d 42 49 4e | 41 54 49 4f 4e 53 20 4f |F COMBIN|ATIONS O|
|00002b40| 46 20 51 55 41 4e 54 55 | 4d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |F QUANTU|M |
|00002b50| 4e 55 4d 42 45 52 53 20 | 4d 20 20 41 4e 44 20 4d |NUMBERS |M AND M|
|00002b60| 20 20 54 48 41 54 20 41 | 52 45 20 50 4f 53 53 49 | THAT A|RE POSSI|
|00002b70| 42 4c 45 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |BLE | |
|00002b80| 20 4c 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 53 22 00 d1 6b 1c 07 99 | L |S"..k...|
|00002b90| 22 46 4f 52 20 45 41 43 | 48 20 56 41 4c 55 45 20 |"FOR EAC|H VALUE |
|00002ba0| 4f 46 20 54 48 45 20 41 | 4e 47 55 4c 41 52 20 4d |OF THE A|NGULAR M|
|00002bb0| 4f 4d 45 4e 54 55 4d 20 | 20 4c 2e 22 3a 85 3a 99 |OMENTUM | L.":.:.|
|00002bc0| c7 28 31 34 37 29 3a 99 | 22 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 |.(147):.|".......|
|00002bd0| 22 00 48 6c 26 07 99 22 | 54 48 49 53 20 57 49 4c |".Hl&.."|THIS WIL|
|00002be0| 4c 20 47 49 56 45 20 54 | 48 45 20 4d 41 58 49 4d |L GIVE T|HE MAXIM|
|00002bf0| 55 4d 20 4e 55 4d 42 45 | 52 20 4f 46 20 20 20 20 |UM NUMBE|R OF |
|00002c00| 45 4c 45 43 54 52 4f 4e | 53 20 54 48 41 54 20 43 |ELECTRON|S THAT C|
|00002c10| 41 4e 20 42 45 20 41 43 | 43 4f 4d 4d 4f 44 41 54 |AN BE AC|COMMODAT|
|00002c20| 45 44 20 49 4e 20 20 20 | 54 48 45 20 53 54 41 54 |ED IN |THE STAT|
|00002c30| 45 20 4e 4c 2e 22 3a 85 | 3a 99 c7 28 31 34 37 29 |E NL.":.|:..(147)|
|00002c40| 3a 99 22 11 11 11 11 22 | 00 9a 6c 30 07 99 a3 36 |:."...."|..l0...6|
|00002c50| 29 22 57 45 20 52 45 43 | 41 4c 4c 20 54 48 41 54 |)"WE REC|ALL THAT|
|00002c60| 20 46 4f 52 20 45 41 43 | 48 20 56 41 4c 55 45 20 | FOR EAC|H VALUE |
|00002c70| 4f 46 20 4c 54 48 45 52 | 45 20 41 52 45 20 32 4c |OF LTHER|E ARE 2L|
|00002c80| 2b 31 20 56 41 4c 55 45 | 53 20 4f 46 20 4d 20 2c |+1 VALUE|S OF M ,|
|00002c90| 20 41 4e 44 20 46 4f 52 | 20 22 00 ba 6c 3a 07 99 | AND FOR| "..l:..|
|00002ca0| a3 36 29 22 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.6)" | |
|00002cb0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 4c 22 00 f5 6c 44 07 99 | |L"..lD..|
|00002cc0| 22 45 41 43 48 20 28 4c | 2c 20 4d 20 29 53 45 54 |"EACH (L|, M )SET|
|00002cd0| 20 57 45 20 4d 41 59 20 | 48 41 56 45 20 54 48 45 | WE MAY |HAVE THE|
|00002ce0| 20 45 4c 45 43 54 52 4f | 4e 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | ELECTRO|N |
|00002cf0| 20 20 20 4c 22 00 6f 6d | 4e 07 99 22 57 49 54 48 | L".om|N.."WITH|
|00002d00| 20 53 50 49 4e 20 55 50 | 20 4f 52 20 57 49 54 48 | SPIN UP| OR WITH|
|00002d10| 20 53 50 49 4e 20 44 4f | 57 4e 2e 20 53 4f 20 54 | SPIN DO|WN. SO T|
|00002d20| 48 45 20 20 4d 41 58 49 | 4d 55 4d 20 4e 55 4d 42 |HE MAXI|MUM NUMB|
|00002d30| 45 52 20 4f 46 20 45 4c | 45 43 54 52 4f 4e 53 20 |ER OF EL|ECTRONS |
|00002d40| 54 48 41 54 20 43 41 4e | 20 42 45 20 41 43 43 4f |THAT CAN| BE ACCO|
|00002d50| 4d 4d 4f 44 41 54 45 44 | 20 49 4e 20 41 20 53 54 |MMODATED| IN A ST|
|00002d60| 41 54 45 20 4e 4c 20 57 | 49 54 48 4f 55 54 22 00 |ATE NL W|ITHOUT".|
|00002d70| fb 6d 58 07 99 22 56 49 | 4f 4c 41 54 49 4e 47 20 |.mX.."VI|OLATING |
|00002d80| 54 48 45 20 50 41 55 4c | 49 20 45 58 43 4c 55 53 |THE PAUL|I EXCLUS|
|00002d90| 49 4f 4e 20 50 52 49 4e | 43 49 50 4c 45 20 49 53 |ION PRIN|CIPLE IS|
|00002da0| 20 32 28 32 4c 2b 31 29 | 2e 20 54 48 45 20 46 4f | 2(2L+1)|. THE FO|
|00002db0| 4c 4c 4f 57 49 4e 47 20 | 54 41 42 4c 45 20 43 4f |LLOWING |TABLE CO|
|00002dc0| 4e 54 41 49 4e 53 54 48 | 45 20 52 45 53 55 4c 54 |NTAINSTH|E RESULT|
|00002dd0| 53 20 46 4f 52 20 53 45 | 56 45 52 41 4c 20 4c 20 |S FOR SE|VERAL L |
|00002de0| 53 54 41 54 45 53 2e 22 | 3a 85 3a 99 c7 28 31 34 |STATES."|:.:..(14|
|00002df0| 37 29 3a 99 22 11 11 11 | 11 11 22 00 45 6e 62 07 |7):."...|..".Enb.|
|00002e00| 99 a3 38 29 22 4d 41 58 | 49 4d 55 4d 20 4e 55 4d |..8)"MAX|IMUM NUM|
|00002e10| 42 45 52 20 4f 46 20 45 | 4c 45 43 54 52 4f 4e 53 |BER OF E|LECTRONS|
|00002e20| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | |
|00002e30| 20 20 20 49 4e 20 45 41 | 43 48 20 4c 2d 53 54 41 | IN EA|CH L-STA|
|00002e40| 54 45 22 3a 99 00 76 6e | 6c 07 99 22 41 4e 47 55 |TE":..vn|l.."ANGU|
|00002e50| 4c 41 52 20 4d 4f 4d 45 | 4e 54 55 4d 2c 4c 3a 20 |LAR MOME|NTUM,L: |
|00002e60| 20 20 30 20 20 20 31 20 | 20 20 32 20 20 20 33 20 | 0 1 | 2 3 |
|00002e70| 20 20 34 22 3a 99 00 a7 | 6e 76 07 99 22 53 59 4d | 4":...|nv.."SYM|
|00002e80| 42 4f 4c 3a 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |BOL: | |
|00002e90| 20 20 20 53 20 20 20 50 | 20 20 20 44 20 20 20 46 | S P| D F|
|00002ea0| 20 20 20 47 22 3a 99 00 | c1 6e 80 07 99 22 4f 43 | G":..|.n..."OC|
|00002eb0| 43 55 50 41 54 49 4f 4e | 20 4e 55 4d 42 45 52 2c |CUPATION| NUMBER,|
|00002ec0| 22 00 05 6f 8a 07 99 22 | 32 28 32 4c 2b 31 29 3a |"..o..."|2(2L+1):|
|00002ed0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 32 20 | | 2 |
|00002ee0| 20 20 36 20 20 20 31 30 | 20 20 31 34 20 20 31 38 | 6 10| 14 18|
|00002ef0| 22 3a 85 3a 99 c7 28 31 | 34 37 29 3a 99 22 11 11 |":.:..(1|47):."..|
|00002f00| 11 11 11 11 22 00 81 6f | 94 07 99 a3 36 29 22 54 |...."..o|....6)"T|
|00002f10| 48 55 53 20 49 4e 20 54 | 48 45 20 42 55 49 4c 44 |HUS IN T|HE BUILD|
|00002f20| 49 4e 47 2d 55 50 20 50 | 52 4f 43 45 53 53 20 4f |ING-UP P|ROCESS O|
|00002f30| 46 54 48 45 20 41 54 4f | 4d 53 20 46 52 4f 4d 20 |FTHE ATO|MS FROM |
|00002f40| 48 59 44 52 4f 47 45 4e | 2c 20 5a 3d 31 20 54 4f |HYDROGEN|, Z=1 TO|
|00002f50| 20 55 52 41 4e 49 55 4d | 2c 5a 3d 39 32 2c 20 45 | URANIUM|,Z=92, E|
|00002f60| 4c 45 43 54 52 4f 4e 53 | 20 4f 43 43 55 50 59 20 |LECTRONS| OCCUPY |
|00002f70| 54 48 45 20 4c 4f 57 45 | 53 54 2d 4c 59 49 4e 47 |THE LOWE|ST-LYING|
|00002f80| 22 00 fd 6f 9e 07 99 22 | 45 4e 45 52 47 59 20 53 |"..o..."|ENERGY S|
|00002f90| 54 41 54 45 53 20 41 56 | 41 49 4c 41 42 4c 45 2c |TATES AV|AILABLE,|
|00002fa0| 20 45 41 43 48 20 55 50 | 20 54 4f 20 54 48 45 20 | EACH UP| TO THE |
|00002fb0| 4d 41 58 49 4d 55 4d 20 | 4e 55 4d 42 45 52 20 41 |MAXIMUM |NUMBER A|
|00002fc0| 4c 4c 4f 57 45 44 20 42 | 59 20 54 48 45 20 45 58 |LLOWED B|Y THE EX|
|00002fd0| 43 4c 55 53 49 4f 4e 20 | 50 52 49 4e 43 49 50 4c |CLUSION |PRINCIPL|
|00002fe0| 45 2e 20 4f 4e 43 45 20 | 41 4e 20 4e 4c 20 53 54 |E. ONCE |AN NL ST|
|00002ff0| 41 54 45 20 48 41 53 20 | 42 45 45 4e 22 00 7a 70 |ATE HAS |BEEN".zp|
|00003000| a8 07 99 22 46 49 4c 4c | 45 44 20 55 50 20 54 4f |..."FILL|ED UP TO|
|00003010| 20 49 54 53 20 46 55 4c | 4c 20 51 55 4f 54 41 20 | ITS FUL|L QUOTA |
|00003020| 4f 46 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 45 4c 45 43 |OF | ELEC|
|00003030| 54 52 4f 4e 53 2c 20 54 | 48 45 20 4e 45 58 54 20 |TRONS, T|HE NEXT |
|00003040| 53 54 41 54 45 20 42 45 | 47 49 4e 53 20 54 4f 20 |STATE BE|GINS TO |
|00003050| 46 49 4c 4c 55 50 2e 20 | 54 48 45 20 4f 52 44 45 |FILLUP. |THE ORDE|
|00003060| 52 20 49 4e 20 57 48 49 | 43 48 20 54 48 45 20 53 |R IN WHI|CH THE S|
|00003070| 55 43 43 45 53 53 49 56 | 45 22 00 d6 70 b2 07 99 |UCCESSIV|E"..p...|
|00003080| 22 4e 4c 20 53 54 41 54 | 45 53 20 46 49 4c 4c 20 |"NL STAT|ES FILL |
|00003090| 55 50 20 49 4e 20 47 45 | 4e 45 52 41 4c 20 49 53 |UP IN GE|NERAL IS|
|000030a0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 49 4e 44 49 43 41 54 | | INDICAT|
|000030b0| 45 44 20 49 4e 20 54 48 | 45 20 4e 45 58 54 20 46 |ED IN TH|E NEXT F|
|000030c0| 49 47 55 52 45 2e 22 3a | 85 3a 99 c7 28 31 34 37 |IGURE.":|.:..(147|
|000030d0| 29 3a de 31 2c 31 00 00 | 71 bc 07 e0 31 2c 30 2c |):.1,1..|q...1,0,|
|000030e0| 30 2c 22 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 4e 55 4d 42 |0," | NUMB|
|000030f0| 45 52 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 54 4f 54 41 4c 20 23 22 |ER |TOTAL #"|
|00003100| 00 2d 71 c6 07 e0 31 2c | 30 2c 31 2c 22 4c 45 56 |.-q...1,|0,1,"LEV|
|00003110| 45 4c 20 20 20 20 49 4e | 20 53 48 45 4c 4c 20 20 |EL IN| SHELL |
|00003120| 20 20 57 48 45 4e 20 53 | 48 45 4c 4c 22 00 62 71 | WHEN S|HELL".bq|
|00003130| d0 07 e0 31 2c 30 2c 32 | 2c 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 |...1,0,2|," |
|00003140| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | |
|00003150| 46 49 4c 4c 45 44 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 41 54 4f |FILLED | ATO|
|00003160| 4d 22 00 97 71 da 07 e0 | 31 2c 30 2c 33 2c 22 31 |M"..q...|1,0,3,"1|
|00003170| 53 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 | c3 c3 c3 c3 32 2d 2d 2d |S.......|....2---|
|00003180| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 32 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |-------2| |
|00003190| 20 20 28 48 45 29 22 00 | b4 71 e4 07 e0 31 2c 30 | (HE)".|.q...1,0|
|000031a0| 2c 35 2c 22 32 53 c3 c3 | c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 |,5,"2S..|........|
|000031b0| c3 32 c2 22 00 e9 71 ee | 07 e0 31 2c 30 2c 36 2c |.2."..q.|..1,0,6,|
|000031c0| 22 32 50 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 | c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 36 c2 |"2P.....|......6.|
|000031d0| 38 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 31 30 a0 a0 20 20 20 |8-------|-10.. |
|000031e0| 20 20 20 20 28 4e 45 29 | 22 00 06 72 f8 07 e0 31 | (NE)|"..r...1|
|000031f0| 2c 30 2c 38 2c 22 33 53 | c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 |,0,8,"3S|........|
|00003200| c3 c3 c3 32 c2 22 00 3b | 72 02 08 e0 31 2c 30 2c |...2.".;|r...1,0,|
|00003210| 39 2c 22 33 50 c3 c3 c3 | c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 |9,"3P...|........|
|00003220| 36 c2 38 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 31 38 20 20 20 |6.8-----|---18 |
|00003230| 20 20 20 20 20 20 28 41 | 52 29 22 00 59 72 0c 08 | (A|R)".Yr..|
|00003240| e0 31 2c 30 2c 31 31 2c | 22 34 53 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 |.1,0,11,|"4S.....|
|00003250| c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 32 c2 | 22 00 77 72 16 08 e0 31 |......2.|".wr...1|
|00003260| 2c 30 2c 31 32 2c 22 33 | 44 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 |,0,12,"3|D.......|
|00003270| c3 c3 c3 31 30 c2 22 00 | ad 72 20 08 e0 31 2c 30 |...10.".|.r ..1,0|
|00003280| 2c 31 33 2c 22 34 50 c3 | c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 |,13,"4P.|........|
|00003290| c3 c3 36 c2 31 38 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 33 36 20 |..6.18--|-----36 |
|000032a0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 28 4b 52 29 22 00 cb 72 | |(KR)"..r|
|000032b0| 2a 08 e0 31 2c 30 2c 31 | 35 2c 22 35 53 c3 c3 c3 |*..1,0,1|5,"5S...|
|000032c0| c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 | 32 c2 22 00 e9 72 34 08 |........|2."..r4.|
|000032d0| e0 31 2c 30 2c 31 36 2c | 22 34 44 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 |.1,0,16,|"4D.....|
|000032e0| c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 31 30 c2 | 22 00 1f 73 3e 08 e0 31 |.....10.|"..s>..1|
|000032f0| 2c 30 2c 31 37 2c 22 35 | 50 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 |,0,17,"5|P.......|
|00003300| c3 c3 c3 c3 36 c2 31 38 | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 35 |....6.18|-------5|
|00003310| 34 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 28 58 45 29 22 00 |4 | (XE)".|
|00003320| 3d 73 48 08 e0 31 2c 30 | 2c 31 39 2c 22 36 53 c3 |=sH..1,0|,19,"6S.|
|00003330| c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 | c3 c3 32 c2 22 00 5b 73 |........|..2.".[s|
|00003340| 52 08 e0 31 2c 30 2c 32 | 30 2c 22 34 46 c3 c3 c3 |R..1,0,2|0,"4F...|
|00003350| c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 31 | 34 c2 22 00 79 73 5c 08 |.......1|4.".ys\.|
|00003360| e0 31 2c 30 2c 32 31 2c | 22 35 44 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 |.1,0,21,|"5D.....|
|00003370| c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 31 30 c2 | 22 00 af 73 66 08 e0 31 |.....10.|"..sf..1|
|00003380| 2c 30 2c 32 32 2c 22 36 | 50 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 |,0,22,"6|P.......|
|00003390| c3 c3 c3 c3 36 c2 33 32 | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 38 |....6.32|-------8|
|000033a0| 36 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 28 52 4e 29 22 00 |6 | (RN)".|
|000033b0| ee 73 70 08 e0 31 2c 30 | 2c 32 34 2c 22 53 48 45 |.sp..1,0|,24,"SHE|
|000033c0| 4c 4c 20 53 54 52 55 43 | 54 55 52 45 20 4f 46 20 |LL STRUC|TURE OF |
|000033d0| 41 54 4f 4d 49 43 20 45 | 4e 45 52 47 59 20 4c 45 |ATOMIC E|NERGY LE|
|000033e0| 56 45 4c 53 22 3a fe 0b | 32 30 3a de 20 30 00 fa |VELS":..|20:. 0..|
|000033f0| 73 7a 08 99 c7 28 31 34 | 37 29 00 75 74 84 08 99 |sz...(14|7).ut...|
|00003400| a3 36 29 22 57 45 20 4d | 41 59 20 54 48 49 4e 4b |.6)"WE M|AY THINK|
|00003410| 20 54 48 41 54 20 41 4c | 4c 20 4f 46 20 54 48 45 | THAT AL|L OF THE|
|00003420| 20 20 20 20 20 20 45 4c | 45 43 54 52 4f 4e 53 20 | EL|ECTRONS |
|00003430| 49 4e 20 41 4e 20 41 54 | 4f 4d 20 54 48 41 54 20 |IN AN AT|OM THAT |
|00003440| 48 41 56 45 20 54 48 45 | 20 53 41 4d 45 20 51 55 |HAVE THE| SAME QU|
|00003450| 41 4e 54 55 4d 20 4e 55 | 4d 42 45 52 20 4e 20 41 |ANTUM NU|MBER N A|
|00003460| 52 45 2c 20 4f 4e 20 54 | 48 45 20 41 56 45 52 41 |RE, ON T|HE AVERA|
|00003470| 47 45 2c 20 22 00 f5 74 | 8e 08 99 22 52 4f 55 47 |GE, "..t|..."ROUG|
|00003480| 48 4c 59 20 54 48 45 20 | 53 41 4d 45 20 44 49 53 |HLY THE |SAME DIS|
|00003490| 54 41 4e 43 45 20 46 52 | 4f 4d 20 54 48 45 20 20 |TANCE FR|OM THE |
|000034a0| 20 20 20 20 4e 55 43 4c | 45 55 53 2e 20 54 48 45 | NUCL|EUS. THE|
|000034b0| 53 45 20 45 4c 45 43 54 | 52 4f 4e 53 20 54 48 45 |SE ELECT|RONS THE|
|000034c0| 52 45 46 4f 52 45 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 49 4e 54 45 |REFORE | INTE|
|000034d0| 52 41 43 54 20 57 49 54 | 48 20 56 49 52 54 55 41 |RACT WIT|H VIRTUA|
|000034e0| 4c 4c 59 20 54 48 45 20 | 53 41 4d 45 20 20 20 20 |LLY THE |SAME |
|000034f0| 20 20 20 20 22 00 75 75 | 98 08 99 22 45 4c 45 43 | ".uu|..."ELEC|
|00003500| 54 52 49 43 20 46 49 45 | 4c 44 20 41 4e 44 20 48 |TRIC FIE|LD AND H|
|00003510| 41 56 45 20 53 49 4d 49 | 4c 41 52 20 45 4e 45 52 |AVE SIMI|LAR ENER|
|00003520| 47 49 45 53 20 20 57 45 | 20 53 50 45 41 4b 20 4f |GIES WE| SPEAK O|
|00003530| 46 20 53 55 43 48 20 45 | 4c 45 43 54 52 4f 4e 53 |F SUCH E|LECTRONS|
|00003540| 20 41 53 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 4f 43 43 55 | AS | OCCU|
|00003550| 50 59 49 4e 47 20 54 48 | 45 20 53 41 4d 45 20 41 |PYING TH|E SAME A|
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|00003c20| 54 52 4f 4e 53 20 49 4e | 20 41 4e 20 41 54 4f 4d |TRONS IN| AN ATOM|
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|00003ed0| 43 54 52 4f 4e 53 20 20 | 20 54 48 41 54 20 50 41 |CTRONS | THAT PA|
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|00003f00| 22 3a 85 00 1b 7f d8 09 | 99 c7 28 31 34 37 29 3a |":......|..(147):|
|00003f10| 99 22 11 11 11 11 11 11 | 11 11 22 00 36 7f e2 09 |."......|..".6...|
|00003f20| 99 a3 31 32 29 22 12 9e | 20 56 41 4c 45 4e 43 45 |..12)"..| VALENCE|
|00003f30| 20 92 05 22 3a 85 00 4e | 7f ec 09 99 c7 28 31 34 | ..":..N|.....(14|
|00003f40| 37 29 3a 99 22 11 11 11 | 11 11 11 11 11 22 00 c9 |7):."...|....."..|
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|00003f70| 52 59 20 53 54 55 44 49 | 45 53 54 48 41 54 20 54 |RY STUDI|ESTHAT T|
|00003f80| 57 4f 20 28 41 4e 44 20 | 4f 4e 4c 59 20 54 57 4f |WO (AND |ONLY TWO|
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|00004050| 57 4f 20 41 54 4f 4d 53 | 20 4f 46 20 48 45 4c 49 |WO ATOMS| OF HELI|
|00004060| 55 4d 20 44 4f 20 4e 4f | 54 20 45 58 49 53 54 2e |UM DO NO|T EXIST.|
|00004070| 22 3a 85 3a 99 c7 28 31 | 34 37 29 00 f9 80 14 0a |":.:..(1|47).....|
|00004080| 99 a3 36 29 22 54 48 45 | 20 48 59 44 52 4f 47 45 |..6)"THE| HYDROGE|
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|000040f0| 41 4c 4c 45 4c 2e 22 3a | 99 00 0c 81 1e 0a 99 a3 |ALLEL.":|........|
|00004100| 31 32 29 22 28 2b 20 2d | 29 22 3a 99 00 8b 81 28 |12)"(+ -|)":....(|
|00004110| 0a 99 22 49 4d 41 47 49 | 4e 45 20 54 48 41 54 20 |.."IMAGI|NE THAT |
|00004120| 41 4e 4f 54 48 45 52 20 | 48 59 44 52 4f 47 45 4e |ANOTHER |HYDROGEN|
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|00004140| 53 20 45 4c 45 43 54 52 | 4f 4e 20 53 48 4f 55 4c |S ELECTR|ON SHOUL|
|00004150| 44 20 41 50 50 52 4f 41 | 43 48 20 54 48 45 20 20 |D APPROA|CH THE |
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|00004170| 43 55 4c 45 2e 20 4e 4f | 57 20 54 48 45 20 53 50 |CULE. NO|W THE SP|
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|000041b0| 4f 52 20 44 4f 57 4e 20 | 20 20 28 2d 29 2e 20 49 |OR DOWN | (-). I|
|000041c0| 46 20 54 48 45 20 53 50 | 49 4e 20 49 53 20 44 4f |F THE SP|IN IS DO|
|000041d0| 57 4e 20 28 2d 29 2c 53 | 41 59 2c 20 54 48 45 4e |WN (-),S|AY, THEN|
|000041e0| 20 20 54 48 45 20 20 52 | 45 53 55 4c 54 49 4e 47 | THE R|ESULTING|
|000041f0| 20 4d 4f 4c 45 43 55 4c | 45 20 57 4f 55 4c 44 20 | MOLECUL|E WOULD |
|00004200| 48 41 56 45 20 54 57 4f | 22 00 82 82 3c 0a 99 22 |HAVE TWO|"...<.."|
|00004210| 53 50 49 4e 53 20 50 41 | 52 41 4c 4c 45 4c 20 28 |SPINS PA|RALLEL (|
|00004220| 2d 20 2d 20 2b 29 2c 20 | 41 4e 44 20 54 48 49 53 |- - +), |AND THIS|
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|00004240| 4c 45 20 49 46 20 41 4c | 4c 20 54 48 52 45 45 20 |LE IF AL|L THREE |
|00004250| 45 4c 45 43 54 52 4f 4e | 53 20 41 52 45 20 49 4e |ELECTRON|S ARE IN|
|00004260| 54 48 45 20 31 53 20 53 | 54 41 54 45 53 2e 20 48 |THE 1S S|TATES. H|
|00004270| 45 4e 43 45 20 54 48 45 | 20 45 58 49 53 54 49 4e |ENCE THE| EXISTIN|
|00004280| 47 22 00 c2 82 46 0a 99 | 22 48 59 44 52 4f 47 45 |G"...F..|"HYDROGE|
|00004290| 4e 20 4d 4f 4c 45 43 55 | 4c 45 20 52 45 50 45 4c |N MOLECU|LE REPEL|
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