Usenet 1994 October/usenetsourcesnewsgroupsinfomagicoctober1994disk2.iso/misc/volume11/gnuplot2/part03

Text File | 1990-03-25 | 51.4 KB | 1,469 lines

Newsgroups: comp.sources.misc
organization: Pixar -- Marin County, California
subject: v11i068: Gnuplot 2.0 - 3 of 14
From: [e-mail]@pixar.UUCP (Tom Williams)
Sender: [e-mail] (Brandon S. Allbery - comp.sources.misc)

Posting-number: Volume 11, Issue 68
Submitted-by: [e-mail]@pixar.UUCP (Tom Williams)
Archive-name: gnuplot2/part03

This is gnuplot.sh03

--- CUT HERE ---
#! /bin/sh
echo x - docs/gnuplot.doc
sed 's/^X//' >docs/gnuplot.doc <<'*-*-END-of-docs/gnuplot.doc-*-*'
X1 gnuplot
X?
X GNUPLOT is a command-driven interactive function plotting program.  It
X is case sensitive (commands and function names written in lowercase
X are not the same as those written in CAPS).  All command names may be
X abbreviated, as long as the abbreviation is not ambiguous.  Any number
X of commands may appear on a line, separated by semicolons (;).
X
X Any command-line arguments are assumed to be names of files containing
X gnuplot commands. Each file is loaded with the `load` command, in the
X order specified. Gnuplot exits after the last file is processed.
X
X Commands may extend over several input lines, by ending each line but
X the last with a backslash (\). The backslash must be the LAST
X character on each line. The effect is as if the backslash and newline
X were not there. That is, no white space is implied, nor is a comment
X terminated. Therefore, commenting out a continued line comments out
X the entire command (see `comment`).
X
X In this documentation, curly braces ({}) denote optional arguments to
X many commands.
X
X For help on any topic, type 'help' followed by the name of the topic.
X2 clear
X?clear
X The `clear` command erases the current screen or output device as
X specified by `set output`.  This usually generates a formfeed on
X hardcopy devices.  Use `set terminal` to set the device type.
X2 comment
X?comments
X Comments are supported as follows: a # may appear in most places in a line
X and GNUPLOT will ignore the rest of the line. It will not have this
X affect inside quotes, inside numbers (including complex numbers), inside
X command substitutions, etc. In short, it works anywhere it makes sense
X to work.
X2 environment
X?environment
X A number of shell environment variables are understood by GNUPLOT.
X None of these are required, but may be useful.
X
X If GNUTERM is defined, it is used as the name of the terminal type to
X be used. This overrides any terminal type sensed by GNUPLOT on start
X up, but is itself overridden by the .gnuplot (or equivalent) start-up
X file (see help start-up), and of course by later explicit changes.
X
X On Unix and MS-DOS, GNUHELP may be defined to be the pathname of the
X HELP file (gnuplot.gih).
X
X On VMS, the symbol GNUPLOT$HELP should be defined as the name of
X the help library for gnuplot.
X
X On Unix, HOME is used as the name of a directory to search for a
X .gnuplot file if none is found in the current directory.
X On MS-DOS, GNUPLOT is used.  On VMS, SYS$LOGIN: is used.
X See help start-up.
X
X On Unix, PAGER is used as an output filter for help messages. SHELL
X is used for the `shell` command.
X
X On MS-DOS, COMSPEC is used for the `shell` command.
X2 exit
X?exit
X?quit
X The commands `exit` and `quit` and your computer's END-OF-FILE character
X will exit GNUPLOT.  All these commands will clear the output device
X (as the `clear` command does) before exiting.
X2 expressions
X?expressions
X In general, any mathematical expression accepted by C, FORTRAN,
X Pascal, or BASIC is valid.  The precedence of these operators is
X determined by the specifications of the C programming language.
X White space (spaces and tabs) is ignored inside expressions.
X
X Complex constants may be expressed as the {<real>,<imag>}, where <real>
X and <imag> must be numerical constants.  For example {3,2}
X represents 3 + 2i; {0,1} represents `i` itself. The curly braces
X are explicitly required here.
X3 functions
X?expressions functions
X?functions
X The functions in GNUPLOT are the same as the corresponding functions
X in the UNIX math library, except that all functions accept integer,
X real, and complex arguments, unless otherwise noted.  The `sgn`
X function is also supported, as in BASIC.
X@start table
X#Function & Arguments & Returns \\ \hline
X%Function@Arguments@Returns
X%_
X4 abs
X?expressions functions abs
X?functions abs
X?abs
X#abs(x) & any  &  absolute value of {\tt x}, $|x|$; same type \\
X#abs(x) & complex &  length of {\tt x}, $\sqrt{{\mbox{real}(x)^{2} +
X#\mbox{imag}(x)^{2}}}$ \\
X%abs(x)@any@absolute value of x, $|x|$; same type
X%abs(x)@complex@length of x, $sqrt{real (x) sup 2 + imag (x) sup 2}$
X The `abs` function returns the absolute value of its argument.  The
X returned value is of the same type as the argument.
X
X For complex arguments, abs(x) is defined as the length of x in the
X complex plane [i.e.,  sqrt(real(x)**2 + imag(x)**2) ].
X4 acos
X?expressions functions acos
X?functions acos
X?acos
X#acos(x) & any  & $\cos^{-1} x$ (inverse cosine) in radians \\
X%acos(x)@any@$cos sup -1 x$ (inverse cosine) in radians
X The `acos` function returns the arc cosine (inverse cosine) of its
X argument.  `acos` returns its argument in radians.
X4 arg
X?expressions functions arg
X?functions arg
X?arg
X#arg(x) & complex & the phase of $x$ in radians\\
X%arg(x)@complex@the phase of $x$ in radians
X The `arg` function returns the phase of a complex number, in radians.
X4 asin
X?expressions functions asin
X?functions asin
X?asin
X#asin(x) & any  & $\sin^{-1} x$ (inverse sin) in radians \\
X%asin(x)@any@$sin sup -1 x$ (inverse sin) in radians
X The `asin` function returns the arc sin (inverse sin) of its argument.
X `asin` returns its argument in radians.
X4 atan
X?expressions functions atan
X?functions atan
X?atan
X#atan(x) & any  & $\tan^{-1} x$ (inverse tangent) in radians \\
X%atan(x)@any@$tan sup -1 x$ (inverse tangent) in radians
X The `atan` function returns the arc tangent (inverse tangent) of its
X argument.  `atan` returns its argument in radians.
X4 besj0
X?expressions functions besj0
X?functions besj0
X?besj0
X#besj0(x) & radians &  $j_{0}$ Bessel function of $x$ \\
X%besj0(x)@radians@$j sub 0$ Bessel function of $x$
X The `besj0` function returns the j0th Bessel function of its argument.
X `besj0` expects its argument to be in radians.
X4 besj1
X?expressions functions besj1
X?functions besj1
X?besj1
X#besj1(x) & radians & $j_{1}$ Bessel function of $x$ \\
X%besj1(x)@radians@$j sub 1$ Bessel function of $x$
X The `besj1` function returns the j1st Bessel function of its argument.
X `besj1` expects its argument to be in radians.
X4 besy0
X?expressions functions besy0
X?functions besy0
X?besy0
X#besy0(x) & radians & $y_{0}$ Bessel function of $x$ \\
X%besy0(x)@radians@$y sub 0$ Bessel function of $x$
X The `besy0` function returns the y0th Bessel function of its argument.
X `besy0` expects its argument to be in radians.
X4 besy1
X?expressions functions besy1
X?functions besy1
X?besy1
X#besy1(x) & radians & $y_{1}$ Bessel function of $x$ \\
X%besy1(x)@radians@$y sub 1$ Bessel function of $x$
X The `besy1` function returns the y1st Bessel function of its argument.
X `besy1` expects its argument to be in radians.
X4 ceil
X?expressions functions ceil
X?functions ceil
X?ceil
X#ceil(x) & any & $\lceil x \rceil$, smallest integer not less than $x$
X#(real part) \\
X%ceil(x)@any@$left ceiling x right ceiling$, smallest integer not less than $x$ (real part)
X The `ceil` function returns the smallest integer that is not less than its
X argument.  For complex numbers, `ceil` returns the smallest integer
X not less than the real part of its argument.
X4 cos
X?expressions functions cos
X?functions cos
X?cos
X#cos(x) & radians & $\cos x$, cosine of $x$ \\
X%cos(x)@radians@$cos~x,$ cosine of $x$
X The `cos` function returns the cosine of its argument.  `cos` expects its
X argument to be in radians.
X4 cosh
X?expressions functions cosh
X?functions cosh
X?cosh
X#cosh(x) & radians & $\cosh x$, hyperbolic cosine of $x$ \\
X%cosh(x)@radians@$cosh~x,$ hyperbolic cosine of $x$
X The `cosh` function returns the hyperbolic cosine of its argument.
X `cosh` expects its argument to be in radians.
X4 exp
X?expressions functions exp
X?functions exp
X?exp
X#exp(x) & any & $e^{x}$,  exponential function of $x$ \\
X%exp(x)@any@$e sup x$, exponential function of $x$
X The `exp` function returns the exponential function of its argument
X (`e` raised to the power of its argument).
X4 floor
X?expressions functions floor
X?functions floor
X?floor
X#floor(x) & any & $\lfloor x \rfloor$,  largest integer not greater
X#than $x$ (real part) \\
X%floor(x)@any@$left floor x right floor$, largest integer not greater than $x$ (real part)
X The `floor` function returns the largest integer not greater than its
X argument.  For complex numbers, `floor` returns the largest
X integer not greater than the real part of its argument.
X4 imag
X?expressions functions imag
X?functions imag
X?imag
X#imag(x) & complex &  imaginary part of $x$ as a real number \\
X%imag(x)@complex@imaginary part of $x$ as a real number
X The `imag` function returns the imaginary part of its argument as a
X real number.
X4 int
X?expressions functions int
X?functions int
X?int
X#int(x) & real &  integer part of $x$, truncated toward zero \\
X%int(x)@real@integer part of $x,$ truncated toward zero
X The `int` function returns the integer part of its argument, truncated
X toward zero.
X4 log
X?expressions functions log
X?functions log
X?log
X#log(x) & any & $\log_{e} x$,  natural logarithm (base $e$) of $x$ \\
X%log(x)@any@$ln~x,$ natural logarithm (base $e$) of $x$
X The `log` function returns the natural logarithm (base `e`) of its
X argument.
X4 log10
X?expressions functions log10
X?functions log10
X?log10
X#log10(x) & any & $\log_{10} x$,  logarithm (base $10$) of $x$ \\
X%log10(x)@any@${log sub 10}~x,$ logarithm (base $10$) of $x$
X The `log10` function returns the logarithm (base 10) of its argument.
X4 real
X?expressions functions real
X?functions real
X?real
X#real(x) & any &  real part of $x$ \\
X%real(x)@any@real part of $x$
X The `real` function returns the real part of its argument.
X4 sgn
X?expressions functions sgn
X?functions sgn
X?sgn
X#sgn(x) & any & 1 if $x>0$, -1 if $x<0$, 0 if $x=0$. imag($x$) ignored \\
X%sgn(x)@any@1 if $x > 0$, -1 if $x < 0$, 0 if $x = 0$. $imag (x)$ ignored
X The `sgn` function returns 1 if its argument is positive, -1 if its
X argument is negative, and 0 if its argument is 0.  If the argument
X is a complex value, the imaginary component is ignored.
X4 sin
X?expressions functions sin
X?functions sin
X?sin
X#sin(x) & radians & $\sin x$, sine of $x$ \\
X%sin(x)@radians@$sin~x,$ sine of $x$
X The `sin` function returns the sine of its argument.  `sin` expects its
X argument to be in radians.
X4 sinh
X?expressions functions sinh
X?functions sinh
X?sinh
X#sinh(x) & radians & $\sinh x$, hyperbolic sine $x$ \\
X%sinh(x)@radians@$sinh~x,$ hyperbolic sine $x$
X The `sinh` function returns the hyperbolic sine of its argument.  `sinh`
X expects its argument to be in radians.
X4 sqrt
X?expressions functions sqrt
X?functions sqrt
X?sqrt
X#sqrt(x) & any & $\sqrt{x}$,  square root of $x$ \\
X%sqrt(x)@any@$sqrt x $, square root of $x$
X The `sqrt` function returns the square root of its argument.
X4 tan
X?expressions functions tan
X?functions tan
X?tan
X#tan(x) & radians & $\tan x$,  tangent of $x$ \\
X%tan(x)@radians@$tan~x,$ tangent of $x$
X The `tan` function returns the tangent of its argument.  `tan` expects
X its argument to be in radians.
X4 tanh
X?expressions functions tanh
X?functions tanh
X?tanh
X#tanh(x) & radians & $\tanh x$, hyperbolic tangent of $x$\\
X%tanh(x)@radians@$tanh~x,$ hyperbolic tangent of $x$
X The `tanh` function returns the hyperbolic tangent of its argument.
X `tanh` expects its argument to be in radians.
X@end table
X3 operators
X?expressions operators
X?operators
X The operators in GNUPLOT are the same as the corresponding operators
X in the C programming language, except that all operators accept
X integer, real, and complex arguments, unless otherwise noted.
X The ** operator (exponentiation) is supported, as in FORTRAN.
X
X Parentheses may be used to change order of evaluation.
X4 binary
X?expressions operators binary
X?operators binary
X?binary
X The following is a list of all the binary operators and their
X usages:
X
X@start table - first is interactive cleartext form
X  Symbol      Example      Explanation
X   **          a**b          exponentiation
X   *           a*b           multiplication
X   /           a/b           division
X   %           a%b         * modulo
X   +           a+b           addition
X   -           a-b           subtraction
X   ==          a==b          equality
X   !=          a!=b          inequality
X   &           a&b         * bitwise AND
X   ^           a^b         * bitwise exclusive OR
X   |           a|b         * bitwise inclusive OR
X   &&          a&&b        * logical AND
X   ||          a||b        * logical OR
X   ?:          a?b:c       * ternary operation
X#\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{Binary Operators} \\
X#Symbol & Example & Explanation \\ \hline
X#\verb~**~ & \verb~a**b~ & exponentiation\\
X#\verb~*~ & \verb~a*b~ & multiplication\\
X#\verb~/~ & \verb~a/b~ & division\\
X#\verb~%~ & \verb~a%b~ & * modulo\\
X#\verb~+~ & \verb~a+b~ & addition\\
X#\verb~-~ & \verb~a-b~ & subtraction\\
X#\verb~==~ & \verb~a==b~ & equality\\
X#\verb~!=~ & \verb~a!=b~ & inequality\\
X#\verb~&~ & \verb~a&b~ & * bitwise AND\\
X#\verb~^~ & \verb~a^b~ & * bitwise exclusive OR\\
X#\verb~|~ & \verb~a|b~ & * bitwise inclusive OR\\
X#\verb~&&~ & \verb~a&&b~ & * logical AND\\
X#\verb~||~ & \verb~a||b~ & * logical OR\\
X#\verb~?:~ & \verb~a?b:c~ & * ternary operation\\
X%Symbol@Example@Explanation
X%_
X%**@a**b@exponentiation
X%*@a*b@multiplication
X%/@a/b@division
X%%@a%b@* modulo
X%+@a+b@addition
X%-@a-b@subtraction
X%==@a==b@equality
X%!=@a!=b@inequality
X%&@a&b@* bitwise AND
X%^@a^b@* bitwise exclusive OR
X%|@a|b@* bitwise inclusive OR
X%&&@a&&b@* logical AND
X%||@a||b@* logical OR
X%?:@a?b:c@* ternary operation
X
X@end table
X (*) Starred explanations indicate that the operator requires
X integer arguments.
X
X Logical AND (&&) and OR (||) short-circuit the way they do in C.
X That is, the second && operand is not evaluated if the first is
X false; the second || operand is not evaluated if the first is true.
X
X The ternary operator evaluates its first argument (a).  If it is
X true (non-zero) the second argument (b) is evaluated and returned,
X otherwise the third argument (c) is evaluated and returned.
X4 unary
X?expressions operators unary
X?operators unary
X?unary
X The following is a list of all the unary operators and their
X usages:
X
X@start table - first is interactive cleartext form
X  Symbol     Example      Explanation
X   -           -a          unary minus
X   ~           ~a        * one's complement
X   !           !a        * logical negation
X   !           a!        * factorial
X#\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{Unary Operators}\\
X#Symbol & Example & Explanation \\ \hline
X#\verb@-@ & \verb@-a@ & unary minus \\
X#\verb@~@ & \verb@~a@ & * one's complement \\
X#\verb@!@ & \verb@!a@ & * logical negation \\
X#\verb@!@ & \verb@a!@ & * factorial \\
X%-@-a@unary minus
X%~@~a@* one's complement
X%!@!a@* logical negation
X%!@a!@*factorial
X
X@end table
X (*) Starred explanations indicate that the operator requires an
X integer argument.
X
X The factorial operator returns a real number to allow a greater range.
X2 help
X?help
X The `help` command displays on-line help.  To specify information on a
X particular topic use the syntax:
X
X     help <topic>
X
X If <topic> is not specified, a short message is printed about
X GNUPLOT. After help for the requested topic is given, help for
X a subtopic may be requested by typing its name, extending the help
X request. After that subtopic has been printed, you may extend the
X request again, as before, or go back one level to the previous topic,
X by simply pressing return without typing anything. Eventually, you
X will return to the GNUPLOT command line.
X2 load
X?load
X The `load` command executes each line of the specified input file as
X if it had been typed in interactively.  Files created by the `save`
X command can later be `load`ed.  Any text file containing valid
X commands can be created and then executed by the `load` command.
X Files being `load`ed may themselves contain `load` commands. See
X `comment` for information about comments in commands.
X
X The `load` command must be the last command on the line.
X
X Syntax:
X         load <input-file>
X
X The name of the input file must be enclosed in quotes.
X
X Examples:
X
X         load 'work.gnu'
X         load "func.dat"
X
X The `load` command is performed implicitly on any file names given as
X arguments to gnuplot. These are loaded in the order specified, and
X then gnuplot exits.
X2 pause
X?pause
X Pause is useful in conjunction with `load` files.  The command `pause`
X displays any text associated with the command and then waits the
X specified amount of time.  This allows one to build a `load` file
X and control the amount of time a finished graph is displayed.  The
X first argument is an expression that can be -1, 0, or a positive
X integer. Choosing -1 will wait until a carriage return is hit. Zero (0)
X won't pause at all, and a positive integer (such as 1 or 15) will
X wait the specified number of seconds.
X
X Note: Since pause is not part of the plot it may interact with
X different device drivers differently (depending upon how text and
X graphics are mixed).
X
X Examples:
X         pause -1    ! Wait until a carriage return is hit
X         pause 3     ! Wait three seconds
X         pause -1  "Hit return to continue"
X         pause 10  "Isn't this pretty?  It's a cubic-spline."
X
X Syntax:
X         pause <expression> {"string"}
X Note the string is optional, and if present must be enclosed in quotes.
X2 plot
X?plot
X `plot` is the primary command of the program.  It plots functions and
X data in many, many ways.  The full syntax of this command is:
X
X   plot {ranges}  <function> {title} {style} {, <function> {title} {style}...}
X
X Where <function> is either a mathematical expression or the name of a
X data file enclosed in quotes.  User-defined functions and variables
X may also be defined here.
X
X Curly braces {,} denote optional items.
X
X A `plot` command can be as simple as
X
X  plot sin(x)
X
X or as complex as (!)
X
X  plot [t=1:10] [-pi:pi*2] tan(t),"data.1" with lines,t**2 with points
X3 data-file
X?plot datafile
X?plot data-file
X?datafile
X?data-file
X?data
X Discrete data contained in a file can displayed by specifying the
X name of the data file (enclosed in quotes) on the `plot` command
X line.
X
X Data files should contain one data point per line.  A data point may
X be specified either as an X and Y value separated by blank space, or
X as just the Y value, in which case the program will use the number
X of the coordinate as the X value.  Coordinate numbers start at 0
X and are incremented for each data point read.  Lines beginning with #
X (or ! on VMS) will be treated as comments and ignored.
X
X NOTE that blank lines cause a break in the input, and if the plot
X style is `lines` or `linespoints` (see `plot style`) there will be no
X line drawn between the preceding and following points. This does not
X change the plot style, as would plotting the data as separate curves.
X
X This example compares the data in the file population.dat to a
X theoretical curve:
X
X         pop(x) = 103*exp((1965-x)/10)
X         plot [1960:1990] 'population.dat', pop(x)
X
X The file population.dat might contain:
X
X  # Gnu population in Antarctica since 1965
X  1965   103
X  1970   55
X  1975   34
X  1980   24
X  1985   10
X3 ranges
X?plot ranges
X?ranges
X The optional range specifies the region of the plot which will be displayed.
X
X Ranges may be provided on the `plot` command line and affect only
X that plot, or in the `set xrange` and `set yrange` commands, to
X change the default ranges for future plots.
X
X Syntax:
X         [{dummy-var =} {xmin : xmax}] { [{ymin : ymax}] }
X
X Where dummy-var is the independent variable (the default is `x`,
X but this may be changed with the `set dummy` command) and the min
X and max terms can be expressions or constants.
X
X Both the min and max terms are optional.  The ':' is also optional
X if neither a min nor a max term is specified.  This allows '[]' to
X be used as a null range specification.
X
X Specifying a range in the `plot` command line turns autoscaling for
X that axis OFF for that plot. Using one of the `set` range commands
X turns autoscaling off for that axis for future plots, unless changed
X later. (See `set autoscale`).
X
X
X Examples:
X
X This uses current ranges:
X         plot cos(x)
X
X This sets the xrange only:
X         plot [-10:30] sin(pi*x)/(pi*x)
X
X This is the same, but uses t as the dummy-variable:
X         plot [t = -10 :30]  sin(pi*t)/(pi*t)
X
X This sets both the x and yranges:
X         plot [-pi:pi] [-3:3]  tan(x), 1/x
X
X This sets only the yrange:
X         plot [] [-2:sin(5)*-8] sin(x)**besj0(x)
X
X This sets xmax and ymin only:
X         plot [:200] [-pi:]  exp(sin(x))
X3 style
X?plot style
X?style
X Plots may be displayed in one of four styles: `lines`, `points`,
X `linespoints`, `impulses`, or `dots`.  The `lines` style connects
X adjacent points with lines. The `points` style displays a small
X symbol at each point.  The `linespoints` style does both `lines` and
X `points`. The `impulses` style displays a vertical line from the X
X axis to each point. The `dots` style plots a tiny dot at each point;
X this is useful for scatter plots with many points.
X
X Default styles are chosen with the `set function style` and
X `set data style` commands.
X
X By default, each function and data file will use a different
X line type and point type, up to the maximum number of available
X types. All terminal drivers support at least six different point
X types, and re-use them, in order, if more than six are required.
X The LaTeX driver supplies an additional six point types (all variants
X of a circle), and thus will only repeat after twelve curves are
X plotted with points.
X
X If desired, the actual line type and point type used for a plot can
X be specified. Syntax:
X
X         with <style> {<linetype> {<pointtype>}}
X
X Where <style> is either `lines`, `points`, `linespoints`, `impulses`,
X or `dots`. These keywords may be abbreviated.
X Curly braces denote optional items.  The <linetype> and <pointtype>
X are positive integers, and specify the line type and point type to
X be used for the plot.  Line type 1 is the first line type used by
X default, line type 2 is the second line type used by default etc.
X
X Examples:
X
X This plots sin(x) with impulses:
X         plot sin(x) with impulses
X
X This plots sin(x) with points, cos(x) default:
X         plot [-9:30]  sin(x) w points, cos(x)
X
X This plots tan(x) with the default function style, "data.1" with lines:
X         plot [] [-2:5] tan(x), "data.1" with l
X
X This plots "leastsq.dat" with impulses:
X         plot 'leastsq.dat' w i
X
X This plots sin(x) and cos(x) with the same line type:
X         plot sin(x) with line 1, cos(x) with line 1
X
X This plots sin(x) and cos(x) with linespoints, using the
X same line type but different point types:
X         plot sin(x) with linesp 1 3, cos(x) with linesp 1 4
X
X This plots file "data" with points style 3:
X         plot "data" with points 1 3
X Note that the line style must be specified in order to specify the
X point style, even when it is irrelevant. Here the line style is 1 and
X the point style is 3, and the line style is irrelevant.
X3 title
X?plot title
X A title of each plot appears in the key.  By default the title is
X the function or file name as it appears on the plot command line.
X The title can be changed by using the `title` option. This option
X should precede any `with` option.
X
X Syntax:
X         title <title>
X
X Where <title> is the new title of the plot and must be enclosed in
X quotes.
X
X Examples:
X
X This plots y=x with the title 'x':
X         plot x
X
X This plots y=x with the title 'y=x':
X         plot x title 'y=x'
X
X This plots x squared with title 'x^2' and "data.1" with title 'measured data':
X         plot x**2 title "x^2", "data.1" t 'measured data'
X2 print
X?print
X The `print` command prints the value of <expression> to the screen.
X
X Syntax:
X         print <expression>
X
X See `expressions`.
X2 quit
X?quit
X The `exit` and `quit` commands and your computer's END-OF-FILE
X character will exit GNUPLOT.  All these commands will clear the
X output device (as the `clear` command does) before exiting.
X2 replot
X?replot
X The `replot` command without arguments repeats the last `plot` command.
X This can be useful for viewing a plot with different `set` options,
X or when generating the same plot for several devices.
X
X Arguments specified after a `replot` command will be added onto the last
X `plot` command (with an implied ',' separator) before it is repeated.
X `replot` accepts the same arguments as the `plot` command except that
X ranges cannot be specified.
X2 save
X?save
X The `save` command saves user-defined functions, variables, set
X options or all three plus the last plot command to the specified file.
X
X Syntax:
X         save  {<option>} <filename>
X
X Where <option> is `functions`, `variables` or `set`.  If no option is
X used GNUPLOT saves functions, variables, set options and the last plot
X command.
X
X `save`d files are written in text format and may be read by the `load`
X command.
X
X The filename must be enclosed in quotes.
X
X Examples:
X
X         save "work.gnu"
X         save functions 'func.dat'
X         save var 'var.dat'
X         save set "options.dat"
X2 set-show
X?set
X?show
X The `set` command sets LOTS of options.
X
X The `show` command shows their settings.  `show all` shows all the
X settings.
X3 arrow
X?set arrow
X?set noarrow
X?show arrow
X?arrow
X?noarrow
X Arbitrary arrows can be placed on the plot using the `set arrow`
X command.
X
X Syntax:
X
X          set arrow {tag} {from sx,sy} {to ex,ey}
X          set noarrow {tag}
X          show arrow
X
X
X Curly braces {} denote optional items.
X All positions x,y default to 0,0.
X The x and y values are in the graph's coordinate system.
X The tag is an integer that is used to identify the arrow.
X If no tag is given, the lowest unused tag value is assigned
X automatically. The tag can be used to delete or change a specific
X arrow. To change any attribute of an existing arrow, use the `set
X arrow` command with the appropriate tag, and specify the parts of the
X arrow to be changed.
X
X Arrows outside the plotted boundaries are permitted but may cause
X device errors; use at your own risk.
X
X Examples:
X
X To set an arrow pointing from the origin to (1,2) use
X          set arrow to 1,2
X To set an arrow from (-10,4) to (-5,5), and tag the arrow number 3, use:
X          set arrow 3 from -10,4 to -5,5
X To change the preceding arrow begin at 1,1, use
X          set arrow 3 from 1,1
X To delete arrow number 2 use:
X          set noarrow 2
X To delete all arrows use:
X          set noarrow
X To show all arrows (in tag order) use:
X          show arrow
X3 autoscale
X?set autoscale
X?show autoscale
X?autoscale
X Auto scaling may be set on the X and/or Y axis. The default is to
X autoscale both axes.
X
X If autoscaling of the Y axis is set, the Y axis is automatically scaled
X to fit the range of the function or data being plotted.  If autoscaling
X of the Y axis is not set, the current Y range is used.  See `set yrange`.
X
X If autoscaling of the X axis is set, the X axis is automatically scaled
X to fit the range of the data being plotted.  Autoscaling of the X axis
X will operate only on data.  Functions do not affect the X range and the
X range used for functions is determined by the data plots.
X See `set xrange`.
X
X Syntax:
X         set autoscale <axes>
X         set noautoscale <axes>
X         show autoscale
X
X where <axes> is either `x`, `y`, or `xy`.
X If <axes> is not given then both axes are assumed.
X
X Examples:
X
X These set autoscaling of the Y axis.  X axis autoscaling not affected.
X         set autoscale y
X
X This sets autoscaling of the X and Y axes.
X         set autoscale xy
X         set autoscale
X
X This disables autoscaling of the X and Y axes.
X         set noautoscale
X
X This disables autoscaling of the X axis only.
X         set noautoscale x
X3 clip
X?set clip
X?set noclip
X?show clip
X?clip
X?noclip
X GNUPLOT can clip (actually, not plot at all) data points that fall
X within but too close to the boundaries (this is so the large symbols
X used for points will not extend outside the boundary lines).  To turn
X on clipping, use `set clip points`.  To turn it back off, use `set
X noclip points`. The default is `noclip`.  Without clipping you may have
X points near the boundaries that look bad; try adjusting the x and y ranges.
X
X Syntax:
X         set clip points
X         set noclip points
X
X GNUPLOT can also clip lines that connect a point that is in range
X with a point that is out of range. The default is to draw the
X in-range portion of such lines (i.e., to "clip" them). With the
X following syntax, the default is `set clip one`. The alternative
X (`set noclip one`) is to not draw any portion of the line segment. In
X no case is a line drawn outside the plotting area.
X
X Syntax:
X         set clip one
X         set noclip one
X
X GNUPLOT does not show lines that are wholly out of range. Some lines
X may have both endpoints out of range, but pass through the plotting
X area. By default, GNUPLOT does not draw these lines (`set noclip
X two`). They may be drawn (and clipped) with `set clip two`.
X
X Syntax:
X         set clip two
X         set noclip two
X
X To check the state of all forms of clipping, use
X         show clip
X
X The following forms are also permitted. These allow backward
X compatibility with older versions.
X        set clip
X        set noclip
X `set clip` is synonymous with `set clip points`. `set noclip` turns
X off all three types of clipping (`points`, `one`, and `two`).
X3 dummy
X?set dummy
X?show dummy
X?dummy
X By default, GNUPLOT assumes that the independent variable for
X the `plot` command line is `x`.  `x` is called the dummy variable because
X it is just a notation to indicate the independent variable.  The
X `set dummy` command changes this default dummy variable name.  For
X example, you may find it more convenient to call the dummy variable
X `t` when plotting time functions:
X
X         set dummy t
X         plot sin(t), cos(t)
X
X Syntax:
X         set dummy <dummy-var>
X         show dummy
X3 format
X?set format
X?show format
X?format
X The format of the tic-mark labels can be set with the `set format`
X command.  The default format for both axes is "%g", but other formats
X such as "%.2f" or "%3.0fm" are often desirable.  Anything accepted by
X printf when given a double precision number, and then accepted by the
X terminal, will work.  In particular, the formats f, e, and g will work,
X and the d, o, x, c, s, and u formats will not work.
X
X Syntax:
X         set format {<axes>} {"format-string"}
X         show format
X
X where <axes> is either `x`, `y`, `xy`, or nothing (which is the same
X as `xy`).  The length of the string representing a ticmark (after
X formatting with printf) is restricted to 100 characters.
X If the format string is omitted, the format will be returned to
X the default "%g". For LaTeX users, the format "$%g$" is often desirable.
X If the empty string "" is used, no label will be plotted with each
X tic, though the tic mark will still be plotted. To eliminate all tic
X marks, use `set noxtics` or `set noytics`.
X
X See also `set xtics` and `set ytics` for more control over tic labels.
X3 functions
X?show functions
X The `show functions` command lists all user-defined functions and
X their definitions.
X
X Syntax:
X         show functions
X3 grid
X?set grid
X?show grid
X?grid
X The optional `set grid` draws a grid at the tic marks with the axis
X linetype.
X
X Syntax:
X         set grid
X         set nogrid
X         show grid
X3 key
X?set key
X?show key
X?key
X The `set key` enables a key describing curves on a plot.
X By default the key is placed in the upper right corner of
X the plot.
X
X Syntax:
X         set key
X         set key x,y
X         set nokey
X         show key
X
X The coordinates x,y specify the location of the key on the plot.
X The key is drawn as a sequence of lines, with one plot described
X on each line.  On the right hand side of each line is a
X representation that attempts to mimic the way the curve is plotted.
X On the left side of each line is the text description,
X obtained from the `plot` command.  The lines are vertically
X arranged so an imaginary straight line divides the left- and
X right-hand sides of the key.  It is the x-coordinate of this
X line that you specify with the optional x in the `set key`
X command; the y in the `set key` command is top of the key.
X Some or all of the key may be outside of the plot boundary, if you
X wish, although this may interfere with other labels and may cause an
X error on some devices.
X
X Examples:
X
X This places the key at the default location:
X         set key
X This disables the key.
X         set nokey
X This places a key at coordinates 2,3.5
X         set key 2,3.5
X3 label
X?set label
X?set nolabel
X?show label
X?label
X?nolabel
X Arbitrary labels can be placed on the plot using the `set label`
X command.
X
X Syntax:
X
X          set label {tag} {"label_text"} {at x,y} {<justification>}
X          set nolabel {tag}
X          show label
X
X
X Curly braces {} denote optional items.
X The text defaults to "", and the position x,y to 0,0.
X The x and y values are in the graph's coordinate system.
X The tag is an integer that is used to identify the label.
X If no tag is given, the lowest unused tag value is assigned
X automatically. The tag can be used to delete or change a specific
X label. To change any attribute of an existing label, use the `set
X label` command with the appropriate tag, and specify the parts of the
X label to be changed.
X
X By default, the text is placed flush left against point x,y. If you
X want to adjust the way the label is positioned with respect to the
X point x,y, add the parameter <justification>, which may be `left`,
X `right` or `center`, indicating that the point is to be at the left,
X right or center of the text.  The <justification> may be abbreviated.
X Labels outside the plotted boundaries are permitted but may interfere
X with axes labels or other text; use at your own risk.
X
X Examples:
X
X To set a label at (1,2) to "y=x" use:
X          set label "y=x" at 1,2
X To set a label "y=x^2" with the right of the text at (2,3), and tag
X the label number 3, use:
X          set label 3 "y=x^2" at 2,3 right
X To change the preceding label to center justification, use:
X          set label 3 center
X To delete label number 2 use:
X          set nolabel 2
X To delete all labels use:
X          set nolabel
X To show all labels (in tag order) use:
X          show label
X
X The Imagen driver allows \\ in a string to specify a newline.
X3 logscale
X?set logscale
X?set nologscale
X?show logscale
X?logscale
X?nologscale
X Log scaling may be set on the X and/or Y axis.
X
X Syntax:
X         set logscale <axes>
X         set nologscale <axes>
X         show logscale
X
X Where <axes> is either `x`, `y`, or `xy`.
X If <axes> is not given then both axes are assumed.
X The command `set logscale` turns on log scaling on the specified
X axes, while `set nologscale` turns off log scaling.
X3 offsets
X?set offsets
X?show offsets
X?offsets
X The amount of the graph that the plot takes up may be controlled
X to some extent with the `set offsets` command.  This command takes
X four offset arguments -- <left>, <right>, <top> and <bottom>.
X By default, each offset is 0.  Each offest may be a constant or
X an expression.  Left and right offsets are given in units of
X the x axis, while top and bottom offsets are given in units of
X the y axis.  The plot of sin(x), displayed with offsets of
X 0, 0, 2, 2 will take up  1/3 of the displayed y axis.
X Offsets are particularly useful with polar coordinates as a means
X of compensating for aspect ratio distortion.
X
X Syntax:
X         set offsets <left>, <right>, <top>, <bottom>
X         show offsets
X3 output
X?set output
X?show output
X?output
X By default, plots are displayed to the standard output.  The
X `set output` command redirects the display to the specified file or
X device.
X
X Syntax:
X         set output {<filename>}
X         show output
X
X The filename must be enclosed in quotes.  If the filename is
X omitted, output will be sent to the standard output.
X3 polar
X?set polar
X?show polar
X?polar
X The `set polar` command changes the meaning of the plot from
X rectangular coordinates to polar coordinates.  In polar
X coordinates, the dummy variable (x) is an angle.  The range
X of this angle is changed from whatever it was to [0:2*pi].
X
X The command `set nopolar` changes the meaning of the plot back
X to the default rectangular coordinate system.  The range of
X x is changed from whatever it was to [-10:10].
X
X While in polar coordinates the meaning of an expression in x
X is really r = f(x), where x is an angle of rotation. The xrange
X controls the domain (the angle) of the function, and the yrange
X controls the range (the radius). The plot is plotted on a rectangular
X grid, and the `x` and `y` axes are both in units of the radius. Thus,
X the yrange controls both dimensions of the plot output. There is no
X way to specify the output dimensions separately.
X
X Syntax:
X         set polar
X         set nopolar
X         show polar
X Example:
X         set polar
X         plot x*sin(x)
X         plot [-2*pi:2*pi] [-3:3] x*sin(x)
X The first plot uses the default polar angular domain of 0 to 2*pi.
X The radius (and the size of the plot) is scaled automatically. The
X second plot expands the domain, and restricts the range of the radius
X (and the size of the plot) to [-3:3].
X3 samples
X?set samples
X?show samples
X?samples
X The sampling rate of functions may be changed by the `set samples`
X command.  By default, sampling is set to 160 points.  A higher
X sampling rate will produce more accurate plots, but will take
X longer.  When plotting datafiles, the sampling rate must be set
X higher than the number of data points.
X
X Syntax:
X         set samples <expression>
X         show samples
X3 size
X?set size
X?show size
X?size
X The `set size` command scales the displayed size of the plot.
X On some terminals, changing the size of the plot will result in
X text being misplaced.  Increasing the size of the plot may
X produce strange results.  Decreasing is safer.
X
X Syntax:
X
X         set size {x,y}
X         show size
X
X The x and y values are the scaling factors for the size.
X The defaults (1,1) are selected if the scaling factors are omitted.
X
X Examples:
X
X To set the size to normal size use:
X         set size
X To make the plot half size use:
X         set size 0.5,0.5
X To show the size use:
X         show size
X
X For the LaTeX and Fig terminals the default size (scale factor 1,1)
X is 5 inches wide by 3 inches high. Note that the size of the plot
X includes the space used by the labels; the plotting area itself is
X smaller.
X3 style
X?set style
X?show style
X?style
X Plots may be displayed in one of five styles: `lines`, `points`,
X `linespoints`, `impulses`, or `dots`.  The `lines` style connects
X adjacent points with lines. The `points` style displays a small
X symbol at each point.  The `linespoints` style does both `lines` and
X `points`. The `impulses` style displays a vertical line from the X
X axis to each point. The `dots` style plots a tiny dot at each data
X point; this is useful for scatter plots with many points.
X
X Default styles are chosen with the `set function style` and `set
X data style` commands.  See `plot style` for information about how
X to override the default plotting style for individual functions.
X
X Syntax:
X         set function style <style>
X         set data style <style>
X         show function style
X         show data style
X
X Where <style> is either `lines`, `points`, `linespoints`, `impulses`,
X or `dots`.
X3 terminal
X?set terminal
X?show terminal
X?terminal
X GNUPLOT supports many different graphics devices.  Use the `set
X terminal` command to select the type of device for which GNUPLOT
X will produce output.
X
X Syntax:
X         set terminal {<terminal-type>}
X         show terminal
X
X If <terminal-type> is omitted, GNUPLOT will list the available
X terminal types.  <terminal-type> may be abbreviated.
X
X Use `set output` to redirect this output to a file or device.
X3 tics
X?set tics
X?show tics
X?tics
X By default, tics are drawn inwards from the border on all four sides.
X The `set tics` command can be used to change the tics to be
X drawn outwards on the left and bottom borders only.
X This is useful when doing impulse plots.
X
X Syntax:
X         set tics {<direction>}
X         show tics
X
X Where <direction> may be `in`, `out` or nothing (which is the same as in).
X
X See also the `set xtics` and `set ytics` command for more control of
X tic marks.
X3 title
X?set title
X?show title
X?title
X The `set title` command sets the title which will be centered
X at the top of the plot.
X
X Syntax:
X          set title
X          set title "title-text"
X          show title
X
X The first clears the title (default).
X The second form sets the title to "title-text" (without the quotes).
X
X The Imagen driver allows \\ in a string to specify a newline.
X3 variables
X?show variables
X The `show variables` command lists all user-defined variables and
X their values.
X
X Syntax:
X         show variables
X3 xlabel
X?set xlabel
X?show xlabel
X?xlabel
X The `set xlabel` command sets the x-axis label which will be centered
X at the bottom of the plot.
X
X Syntax:
X          set xlabel
X          set xlabel "label"
X          show xlabel
X
X The first clears the x-axis label (default).
X The second form sets the x-axis label to "label" (without the quotes).
X
X The Imagen driver allows \\ in a string to specify a newline.
X3 xrange
X?set xrange
X?show xrange
X?xrange
X The `set xrange` command sets the horizontal range which will be
X displayed.  This command turns X axis autoscaling OFF.
X
X This range may also be specified on the `plot` command line.
X
X Syntax:
X         set xrange [{<xmin> : <xmax>}]
X
X Where <xmin> and <xmax> terms are expressions or constants.
X
X Both the <xmin> and <xmax> terms are optional. Anything omitted will
X not be changed, so
X         set xrange [:10]
X changes xmax to 10 without affecting xmin.
X3 xtics
X?set xtics
X?set noxtics
X?show xtics
X?xtics
X?noxtics
X Very fine control of the `x` axes tic marks is possible with the `set
X xtics` and `set noxtics` command. The x-axis tic marks may be turned
X off with the `set noxtics` command. They may be turned on (the
X default state) with `set xtics`.
X
X If you prefer your own series of tic marks, you may use the form
X          set xtics <start>, <incr>{, <end>}
X The curly braces indicate that the <end> parameter is optional.
X This command specifies that a series of tics will be plotted on the
X `x` axis between the `x` values <start> and <end> with an increment
X of <incr>. If <end> is not given it is assumed to be infinity. The
X increment may be negative. Example:
X           set xtics 0,.5,10
X makes tics 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, ..., 9.5, 10.
X
X If you need arbitrary tic positions, or non-numeric tic labels,
X any non-empty set of tic positions and labels may be given with this
X format:
X          set xtics ({"label"} pos {, {"label"} pos}...)
X Again curly braces contain optional components. Thus, a set of tics
X are a set of positions, each with its own optional label. Note that
X the label is a string enclosed by quotes, and may be a constant
X string, such as "hello", or contain formatting information for the tic
X number (which is the same as the position), such as "%3f clients".
X See `set format` for more information about this case. The label may
X even be empty. Examples:
X          set xtics ("low" 0, "medium" 50, "high" 100)
X          set xtics (1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128,256,512,1024)
X          set xtics ("bottom" 0, "" 10, "top" 20)
X
X Tics will only be plotted when in range.
X
X The `set ytics` and `set noytics` commands work identically.
X See also `set format` command.
X3 ylabel
X?set ylabel
X?show ylabel
X?ylabel
X The `set ylabel` command sets the y-axis label.
X The position of this label depends on the terminal, and can be
X one of the following three positions.
X
X 1. Horizontal text flushed left at the top left of the plot.
X Terminals that cannot rotate text will probably use this method.
X
X 2. Vertical text centered vertically at the left of the plot.
X Terminals that can rotate text will probably use this method.
X
X 3. Horizontal text centered vertically at the left of the plot.
X The Latex and EEPIC drivers use this method.  The user must insert
X line breaks using \\ to prevent the ylabel from overwriting
X the plot.  To produce a vertical row of characters, add \\
X between every printing character.
X
X Syntax:
X          set ylabel
X          set ylabel "label"
X          show ylabel
X
X The first clears the y-axis label (default).
X The second form sets the y-axis label to "label" (without the quotes).
X
X The Latex, EEPIC, and Imagen drivers allow \\ in a string to specify
X a newline.
X3 yrange
X?set yrange
X?show yrange
X?yrange
X The `set yrange` command sets the vertical range which will be
X displayed.  This command turns Y axis autoscaling OFF.
X
X This range may also be specified on the `plot` command line.
X
X Syntax:
X         set yrange [{<ymin> : <ymax>}]
X
X Where <ymin> and <ymax> terms are expressions or constants.
X
X Both the <ymin> and <ymax> terms are optional. Anything omitted will
X not be changed, so
X         set yrange [:10]
X changes ymax to 10 without affecting ymin.
X3 ytics
X?set ytics
X?set noytics
X?show ytics
X?ytics
X?noytics
X The `set ytics` and `set noytics` commands are similar to the `set xtics`
X and `set noxtics` commands. Please see `set xtics`.
X3 zero
X?set zero
X?show zero
X?zero
X GNUPLOT will not plot a point if its imaginary part is greater in
X magnitude than the `zero` threshold.  The default `zero` value is
X 1e-8. This can be changed with the `set zero` command.
X
X Syntax:
X         set zero <expression>
X         show zero
X2 shell
X?shell
X The `shell` command spawns an interactive shell.  To return to
X GNUPLOT, type `logout` if using VMS, `exit` or your END-OF-FILE
X character if using Unix, or `exit` if using MS-DOS.
X
X A single shell command may be spawned by preceding it with the !
X character ($ if using VMS) at the beginning of a command line.
X Control will return immediately to GNUPLOT after this command is
X executed.  For example,
X
X      ! dir
X
X prints a directory listing and then returns to GNUPLOT.
X2 start-up
X?startup
X?start
X?.gnuplot
X When GNUPLOT is run, it looks for an initialization file to load.
X This file is called `.gnuplot` on Unix systems, and `GNUPLOT.INI` on
X other systems.  If this file is not found in the current directory,
X the program will look for it in your home directory (under MS-DOS, the
X environment variable GNUPLOT should contain the name of this
X directory).
X
X If this file is found, GNUPLOT executes the commands in this file.
X This is most useful for setting your terminal type and defining any
X functions or variables which you use often.  The variable `pi` is
X already defined for you.
X2 substitution
X?substitution
X Command-line substitution is specified by a system command enclosed in
X backquotes.  This command is spawned and the output it produces
X replaces the name of the command (and backquotes) on the command line.
X
X Newlines in the output produced by the spawned command are replaced with
X blanks.
X
X Command-line substitution can be used anywhere on the GNUPLOT command
X line.
X
X
X Example:
X
X This will run the program `leastsq` and substitute `leastsq`
X (including quotes) on the command line with its output:
X
X  f(x) = `leastsq`
X
X or, in VMS
X
X  f(x) = `run leastsq`
X2 user-defined
X?userdefined
X?variables
X You may define your own functions and variables.  User-defined
X functions and variables may be used anywhere.
X
X User-defined function syntax:
X     <function-name> ( <dummy-var> ) =  <expression>
X
X Where <expression> is defined in terms of <dummy-var>.
X
X User-defined variable syntax:
X     <variable-name> = <constant-expression>
X
X Examples:
X     w = 2
X     q = floor(tan(pi/2 - 0.1))
X     f(x) = sin(w*x)
X     sinc(x) = sin(pi*x)/(pi*x)
X     delta(t) = (t == 0)
X     ramp(t) = (t > 0) ? t : 0
X
X The variable `pi` is already defined for you.
X
X See `show functions` and `show variables`.
X2 bugs
X?bugs
X The atan() function does not work correctly for complex arguments.
X
X The most important known bug is actually in the stdio library for the
X Sun4 operating system (SunOS Sys4-3.2). The "%g" format for `printf`
X sometimes incorrectly prints numbers (e.g., 200000.0 as "2").  Thus,
X tic mark labels may be incorrect on a Sun4 version of gnuplot.  You
X may work around it by rescaling your data or by using the `set format`
X command to change the tic mark format to "%7.0f" or some other
X appropriate format. This appears to have been fixed in SunOS 4.0.
X
X Another bug: On a Sun3 under SunOS 4.0, and on Sun4's under Sys4-3.2
X and SunOS 4.0, the `sscanf` routine incorrectly parses "00 12" with
X the format "%f %f" and reads 0 and 0 instead of 0 and 12.  This
X affects data input. If your data file contains X coordinates that are
X zero but are specified like '00', '000', etc, then you will read the
X wrong Y values. Check your data files or do not use a Sun4 until they
X fix the bug. It does NOT appear that this has been fixed in SunOS 4.0.
X
X Microsoft C 5.1 has a nasty bug associated with the %g format for
X printf.  When any of the formats "%.2g", "%.1g", "%.0g", "%.g" are
X used, printf will incorrectly print numbers in the range 1e-4 to 1e-1.
X Numbers that should be printed in the %e format are incorrectly
X printed in the %f format, with the wrong number of zeros after the
X decimal point.
X To work around this problem, use the %e or %f formats explicitly.
X
X Gnuplot when compiled with Microsoft C did not work correctly on two
X VGA displays that were tested.  The CGA, EGA and VGA drivers should
X probably be rewritten to use the Microsoft C graphics library.
X Gnuplot compiled with Turbo C uses the Turbo C graphics drivers and
X does work correctly with VGA displays.
X
X VAX/VMS 4.7 C compiler release 2.4 also has a poorly implemented %g
X format for printf.  The numbers are printed numerically correct, but
X may not be in the requested format.  The K&R second edition says that
X for the %g format, %e is used if the exponent is less than -4 or greater
X than or equal to the precision.  The VAX uses %e format if the exponent
X is less than -1.  The VAX appears to take no notice of the precision
X when deciding whether to use %e or %f for numbers less than 1.
X To work around this problem, use the %e or %f formats explicitly.
X From the VAX C 2.4 release notes:
X e,E,f,F,g,G  Result will always contain  a  decimal  point.
X For g and G, trailing zeros will not be removed from the result.
X
X VAX/VMS 5.2 C compiler release 3.0 has a slightly better implemented
X %g format than release 2.4, but not much.  Trailing decimal points are
X now removed, but trailing zeros are still not removed from %g numbers
X in exponential format.
*-*-END-of-docs/gnuplot.doc-*-*
exit