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D2D Professional Disc Copy Program D2D
NAME
d2d - disc-to-disc copy program
SYNOPSIS
d2d from to [/number] [/a] [/bstring] [/cstring] [/D]
[/enumber] [/n] [/o] [/q] [/r] [/tdrive:[directory]] [/u]
[/v[s]] [/w] [/xnumber] [/?]
DESCRIPTION
D2D is a program to copy discs. Discs can be usual floppy
discs or virtual discs. Virtual discs are images of
previously read floppy discs that reside on a fixed disc.
Images can be copied back to discs again, just like copying
a usual disc. Therefore discs and images can be used for
source and destination of the copy process. D2D uses an
image if the necessary drive letter and colon is followed
by any character; otherwise it uses discs. The first
specified disc or image denotes the source whereas the
second disc or image denotes the destination of the copy
operation.
Source and destination may be identical. D2D reads in the
source and writes the contents of it to the destination.
Both, the source and destination disc's drive must be
physically compatible as D2D only can produce physical
copies (as opposed to file-by-file copies) of a disc.
Images can be viewed as temporary discs that can contain
any disc format. But such an image can only be written back
to a disc that is compatible to the disc from which the
image was originally made. It is not possible to override
the BPB of the image.
Verify and multiple copies are not possible if the des-
tination is an image. Read recovery also won't work for
images.
When reading in the source disc (or image), D2D can use
several kinds of memory to store data. First it uses con-
ventional RAM (real-mode RAM). If there is no more RAM
available, D2D can use Extended Memory via XMS 2.0 or
Expanded Memory via EMS 4.0. If the program still needs
more memory, it can store information on a fixed disc or a
RAM-disc.
A special algorithm enables D2D to copy only the actually
needed tracks on MS-DOS discs. This speeds up both, reading
and writing. Formatting is not affected, as D2D always
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D2D Professional Disc Copy Program D2D
formats the entire disc (if formatting is required at all).
D2D can create multiple copies of a single disc, with only
reading the source disc once. This greatly increases the
speed of the copy process.
The destination disc will be formatted automatically if
necessary. If one of the destination discs is defective,
D2D will try the process again with another disc.
OPTIONS
/number
The process of writing the destination disc will be
repeated number times. Only successful copies are
counted.
/a
Copy all tracks on the disc and do not use the op-
timizing algorithm.
/bstring
String specifies the physical format (BPB, BIOS
Parameter Block) of the source disc. This option is
required if the disc to be copied is not a MS-DOS
disc. The disc formats are encoded as follows (exact
spelling required):
160k 160kB (40 cylinders, 8 sectors, one side, MFM)
180k 180kB (40 cylinders, 9 sectors, one side, MFM)
320k 320kB (40 cylinders, 8 sectors, two sides, MFM)
320S 320kB (80 cylinders, 8 sectors, one side, MFM)
360k 360kB (40 cylinders, 9 sectors, two sides, MFM)
360S 360kB (80 cylinders, 9 sectors, one side, MFM)
720k 720kB (80 cylinders, 9 sectors, two sides, MFM)
1.2M 1.2MB (80 cylinders, 15 sectors, two sides, MFM)
1.4M 1.44MB (80 cylinders, 18 sectors, two sides, MFM)
2.8M 2.88MB (80 cylinders, 36 sectors, two sides, MFM)
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D2D Professional Disc Copy Program D2D
/cstring
String specifies the comment that will be added if
destination is an image. In all other cases the com-
ment is silently ignored. Quoting is necessary if
blanks are present in the comment.
/D
This switch enables deactivation of the boot code on
each destination disc. Just a simple measure against
boot virusses!
/enumber
number specifies the amount of expanded memory in kB
that may be used to store the source disc's data. If
number is equal to zero, no EMS will be used. The
amount of memory can only be decreased, but never
increased. If there is less memory available than
specified, only the available memory will be used.
/n
Tells D2D that the machine is not 100% IBM compatible.
Sometimes this option can help if problems are en-
countered. This option is obsolete.
/o
Inhibits creating a new volume serial number for each
destination disc. This is normally done when the
source disc has a serial number.
/q
Normally a bell is heard whenever the program tries to
attract the users's attention. This option disables
the bell (except for fatal errors).
/r
This flag enables the read recovery processing option
of D2D. Normally the program aborts reading the source
disc on the first read error. In recovery mode D2D
gives each sector on a bad track an extra try. Whether
the try was successful or not, the program always
continues reading.
/tdrive:[directory]
When there is not enough memory addressable by the
CPU, D2D will create a file in the specified fixed
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D2D Professional Disc Copy Program D2D
drive's directory to store data in it.
/u
Normally D2D decides whether the destination disc is
suitable formatted; in that case the destination disc
is not formatted again. This option forces the program
to format the destination disc.
/v[s]
Instructs D2D to verify each track after having writ-
ten it. If smart verify (/vs) is selected, the tracks
are only verified if they are not formatted. This op-
tion does not affect the automatic verification that
follows formatting.
/w
The program asks for confirmation if a destination
disc contains any valid data. With this option the
arising question is automatically confirmed.
/xnumber
number specifies the amount of extended memory in kB
that may be used to store the source disc's data. If
number is equal to zero, no XMS will be used. The
amount of memory can only be decreased, but never
increased. If there is less memory available than
specified, only the available memory will be used.
/?
makes D2D display a short explanation of each option.
EXAMPLES
Copy the disc in drive A: to the disc in drive B:, and use
drive C: to swap
d2d a: b: /tc:
Copy the non-DOS disc (360kB) in drive A: and produce 3
copies in drive A:
d2d A: A: /3 /b360k
Copy the disc in drive B: to the disc in drive B:, do not
use extended memory (if present), copy all tracks and do
not create a new volume serial number
d2d a: b: /x0 /a /o
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D2D Professional Disc Copy Program D2D
Create an image on disc C: for the disc in drive A: and
enter recovery mode. The comment tells something about the
original disc
d2d A: C:\image "/cSource was bad/r"
Create two copies in drive A: from the previous image
stored on fixed disc C: and verify the destination discs
d2d c:\image a: /2 /vs
SEE ALSO
D2D Referenzhandbuch
BUGS
D2D cannot copy a disc with defective sectors on it
automatically. You must specify option /r. If the first
track on the disc is damaged, you must also use the /b op-
tion to select the format of the disc. In that case the
destination disc is always formatted.
The command line parser is inconsistent: Drive specifica-
tions must be arguments while several options can be in one
argument. That is why
d2d a: b:/a /o
is not accepted while
d2d a: b: /a/o
is correct syntax. Try to make each option an individual
argument. The parser also allows to specify all arguments
in any order. That is why
d2d /a a: b: /x128 /v
and
d2d /x128 /a a: b: /v
produce the same result. The only exception are drive
specifications: The first drive is always the source drive.
The consistent parser makes comments on images quite
difficult: If the comment contains blanks, the whole argu-
ment must be quoted (like "/ca blank"). No comment can
contain a slash (/).
The specified path for the temporary swap file is only
checked if it is needed. Invalid paths from environment
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D2D Professional Disc Copy Program D2D
variables are silently ignored.
Images must reside on a fixed disc whereas disc drives must
be floppy drives. It is possible to fool D2D with images
paths that are not on a fixed disc.
Paths for images and temporary swap files must begin with a
drive letter prefix.
Almost every message from D2D is written to stderr; there-
fore they can't be redirected with COMMAND.COM.
Ulrich Windl Last change: 14 April 1993 6