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1983-10-04
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OBJECTIVES EDITOR
A. GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The objectives editor is used for writing the data sets
used as goals for optimization. Here, we can specify the per-
formance that we desire from our network, in terms of return
losses and gain, specified in dB. We can also apply a weight-
ing factor to these specific goals, thereby arriving at a
response suitable for our purposes.
When first entering from the optimization level, the user
is asked for a file name, in the same manner as when entering
either of the other editors in the program. Objectives may
be retrieved from disk, modified, and saved on disk in exactly
the same manner as well.
The determination of specific objectives is strictly a
matter of experience. One must determine, on a case-by-case
basis, what compromises are acceptable in the overall perfor-
mance of the circuit at hand. Unfortunately, there is no cast
iron method of determining what is and is not appropriate for
a problem in general, in that there is no universally general
problem that can be discussed.
However, it is often the case that specific goals cannot
be attained due to the fact that devices chosen for the circuit
are not suitable for such goals as gain flatness or input re-
turn loss due to an excessively wide bandwidth, or that the
device just can't deliver the amount of gain desired. At times
like these, it is often necessary to choose another device in
order to attain the desired response.
When making entries for the return losses (S11 and S22),
the magnitude is always given in terms of dB, and is always
less than or equal to zero. The weighting is always positive.
The user need not be concerned with this, as the program cor-
rects these whenever necessary. In evaluating the error func-
tion during optimization, the magnitude is looked upon as being
a worst case. Anything better than that given is therefore
equally desireable, and the weighting is therefore applied only
when the return loss is worse than that desired.
Gain (S21), however, is an entirely different matter.
Here, the magnitude, expressed again in dB, can be either posi-
tive or negative. The weighting can be either positive or neg-
ative, each sense having different meaning. If positive, then
the S21 specified is a desired, or target, value, and the error
function is determined by applying the weighting to the differ-
ence to either side.
If the weighting is negative, then the specified S21 be-
comes a maximum value, much the same as S11 or S22. This is
useful when specifying the stopband performance of a filter.
Let's say, for instance, that we desire 20 dB of attenuation
of a lowpass filter at some point removed from the passband.
We would simply specify -20 dB for the value of S21, and some
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