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From: owner-hist_text-digest@lists.xmission.com (hist_text-digest)
To: hist_text-digest@lists.xmission.com
Subject: hist_text-digest V1 #548
Reply-To: hist_text
Sender: owner-hist_text-digest@lists.xmission.com
Errors-To: owner-hist_text-digest@lists.xmission.com
Precedence: bulk
hist_text-digest Saturday, May 13 2000 Volume 01 : Number 548
In this issue:
-áááááá Re: MtMan-List: priming horn
-áááááá RE: MtMan-List: priming horn
-áááááá Re: MtMan-List: Texas rangers (slightly OT)
-áááááá Re: RE: MtMan-List: priming horn
-áááááá Re: MtMan-List: New to list
-áááááá Re: MtMan-List: priming horn
-áááááá Re: MtMan-List: Texas rangers (slightly OT)
-áááááá Re: MtMan-List: New to list
-áááááá Re: MtMan-List: New to list
-áááááá Re: MtMan-List: New to list
-áááááá MtMan-List: What a country
-áááááá Re: MtMan-List: What a country
-áááááá Re: MtMan-List: John (aka Jeremiah) Johnston's Guns
-áááááá Re: MtMan-List: western rendezvous
-áááááá Re: MtMan-List: western rendezvous
-áááááá Re: MtMan-List: western rendezvous
-áááááá MtMan-List: Tracking and Time Frame
-áááááá Re: MtMan-List: New to list
-áááááá MtMan-List: Fw: The New Gold Dollar Coin
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Fri, 12 May 2000 17:23:38 EDT
From: SWcushing@aol.com
Subject: Re: MtMan-List: priming horn
In a message dated 5/12/00 9:58:20 AM, 96mfg@hspower.com writes:
<< I know
there are some shown in reference books, but I don't believe they were
ever authenticated as to the time period and some claim they are actually
late 19th century "day" horns.
>>
In "Kentucky Rifles & Pistols 1750-1850", pg 257 shows a hunting bag and
accouterments of David Cooke (born 1761, died 1842.) It shows, among other
things, a small priming horn... (see at:
http://members.aol.com:/swcushing/myhomepage/bag1800.jpg )
This reference book was published for "The Kentucky Rifle Association" in
1976, so I think well documented...
Don't see a short starter though.....
Ymos,
Steve
- ----------------------
hist_text list info: http://www.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/maillist.html
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 12 May 2000 15:31:50 -0600
From: louis.l.sickler@lmco.com
Subject: RE: MtMan-List: priming horn
Great picture, Steve. Although I know what most of the stuff is, I sure wish
I could read those labels.........
Gonna have to try to locate that book.
Thanks,
Lou Sickler
Colorado Territory
> -----Original Message-----
> From: SWcushing@aol.com [SMTP:SWcushing@aol.com]
> Sent: Friday, May 12, 2000 3:24 PM
> To: hist_text@lists.xmission.com
> Subject: Re: MtMan-List: priming horn
>
>
> In a message dated 5/12/00 9:58:20 AM, 96mfg@hspower.com writes:
>
> << I know
>
> there are some shown in reference books, but I don't believe they were
>
> ever authenticated as to the time period and some claim they are actually
>
> late 19th century "day" horns.
>
> >>
>
> In "Kentucky Rifles & Pistols 1750-1850", pg 257 shows a hunting bag and
> accouterments of David Cooke (born 1761, died 1842.) It shows, among other
>
> things, a small priming horn... (see at:
> http://members.aol.com:/swcushing/myhomepage/bag1800.jpg )
> This reference book was published for "The Kentucky Rifle Association" in
> 1976, so I think well documented...
> Don't see a short starter though.....
> Ymos,
> Steve
>
>
> ----------------------
> hist_text list info: http://www.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/maillist.html
- ----------------------
hist_text list info: http://www.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/maillist.html
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 12 May 2000 17:34:28 EDT
From: SWcushing@aol.com
Subject: Re: MtMan-List: Texas rangers (slightly OT)
In a message dated 5/12/00 1:48:52 PM, mxhbc@TTACS.TTU.EDU writes:
<< . Among
other things you will see me ride, shoot, and get gunned down by John
Wesley Hardin. I was hired by CBS News >>
Henry....you got an agent? <G> Just saw your smilin face the other day on the
History Channel... the Mountain Men series...I think it was. Good job....
Ymos,
Steve
- ----------------------
hist_text list info: http://www.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/maillist.html
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 12 May 2000 17:53:39 EDT
From: SWcushing@aol.com
Subject: Re: RE: MtMan-List: priming horn
In a message dated 5/12/00 2:31:51 PM, louis.l.sickler@lmco.com writes:
<< Great picture, Steve. Although I know what most of the stuff is, I sure
wish
I could read those labels.........
Gonna have to try to locate that book.
Thanks,
Lou Sickler
Colorado Territory
>>
Good point! So...I'll name em...left to right, top to bottom...
Home made crow call
Horn spoon
Salt horn
Spectacles
Knife and fork
Home made knife, bolster pewter, blade is of a file, knotch in blade shows
Cooke was left handed
Priming horn
bullet mould
Bullet pouch made of deerskin
bag with powder horn, patch knife, bullet board, and bone powder measure
Bone Quail call
fishing bobber made with part of a turkey feather quill
leather flintlock cover
jews harp and rib bones for entertainment(!)
old hunters watch with compass handle
fancy tobacco pouch
bell for dog when in deep brush
Cooke was from Norristown, Pennsylvania, don't think he made it west, but
interesting gear in his bag...
Ymos,
Steve
- ----------------------
hist_text list info: http://www.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/maillist.html
------------------------------
Date: 12 May 2000 17:03:42 -0600
From: Phyllis and Don Keas <pdkeas@market1.com>
Subject: Re: MtMan-List: New to list
My wife and I live down in Pueblo and have been doing this for many years. =
Be glad to help if we can. Don and Phyllis Keas
On Friday, June 30, 1939, elenyte@home.com wrote:
>Hi,
>I'm new to the list and am interested in sewing clothing for my husband =
and
>I for mountain man impression. I'd like to chat with other folks on the =
list
>who are doing the same so that I can locate patterns or instructions and
>also learn to do this "right". I live just west of Denver.
>
>Helen
>
>
>----------------------
>hist_text list info:
>http://www.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/maillist.html
>
- ----------------------
hist_text list info: http://www.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/maillist.html
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 12 May 2000 18:08:32 -0500
From: "northwoods" <northwoods@ez-net.com>
Subject: Re: MtMan-List: priming horn
Hi Steve, A couple years ago I had a conversation with Jim Dresslar the
author of "The Engraved Powder Horn", and probably the countries foremost
authority on powder horns, and he also mentioned that there are very few
references in period documents to priming horns, and that priming horns
generally weren't used by many folks. At the time I was surprised at his
comment, but I certainly gave it a lot of weight, as he has spent a lifetime
studying and collecting horns and there use. I do have a couple original
horns that I would say are priming horns. One is flat with a horses head
carved into a spout, with the horses mouth being the actual hole in the
spout, and the other is a small horn, about 3" long and scraped very thin,
looks to me like it was worn on a thong carried around the neck.
BTW I didn't forget about the canoe building video, it will be on it's way
shortly...
Tony Clark
- -----Original Message-----
From: SWcushing@aol.com <SWcushing@aol.com>
To: hist_text@lists.xmission.com <hist_text@lists.xmission.com>
Date: May 12, 2000 4:24 PM
Subject: Re: MtMan-List: priming horn
>
>In a message dated 5/12/00 9:58:20 AM, 96mfg@hspower.com writes:
>
><< I know
>
>there are some shown in reference books, but I don't believe they were
>
>ever authenticated as to the time period and some claim they are actually
>
>late 19th century "day" horns.
>
> >>
>
>In "Kentucky Rifles & Pistols 1750-1850", pg 257 shows a hunting bag and
>accouterments of David Cooke (born 1761, died 1842.) It shows, among other
>things, a small priming horn... (see at:
>http://members.aol.com:/swcushing/myhomepage/bag1800.jpg )
>This reference book was published for "The Kentucky Rifle Association" in
>1976, so I think well documented...
>Don't see a short starter though.....
>Ymos,
>Steve
>
>
>----------------------
>hist_text list info: http://www.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/maillist.html
>
- ----------------------
hist_text list info: http://www.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/maillist.html
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 12 May 2000 16:58:08 -0700
From: "John C. Funk, Jr." <J2Hearts@norcalis.net>
Subject: Re: MtMan-List: Texas rangers (slightly OT)
Henry,
Good on ya. Will be looking for the show and your face..... I envy your
ability to do this stuff. You've obviously got some credible credentials.
John Funk
- ----- Original Message -----
From: Henry B. Crawford <mxhbc@TTACS.TTU.EDU>
To: <hist_text@lists.xmission.com>
Sent: Friday, May 12, 2000 1:43 PM
Subject: MtMan-List: Texas rangers (slightly OT)
> I know it's not necessarily fur trade, but many of us do other periods
> besides the fur trade era. Some of you might be interested in this, so
> mark your calendars for Wednesday, May 17. I will be appearing in a
> Discovery Channel documentary called "Texas Rangers: Legendary Lawmen."
> The series is listed on TV schedules as "On the Inside," with this episode
> being about the history of the Rangers. It is scheduled to air at 7:00 PM
> and repeated at 10:00PM (Central time) on the Discovery Channel. Among
> other things you will see me ride, shoot, and get gunned down by John
> Wesley Hardin. I was hired by CBS News (the producer) to coordinate the
> reenactors. We were able to gather about a dozen historically accurate
> reenactors (with horses) on short notice for the project. I have not seen
> the finished product, so I can't say how good the program will be. All I
> know is that the reenacting scenes were pretty well done. I think y'all
> will like it.
>
> Cheers,
> HBC
>
> **********************************
> Henry B. Crawford
> Curator of History
> Museum of Texas Tech University
> Box 43191
> Lubbock, TX 79409-3191
> mxhbc@ttacs.ttu.edu
> 806/742-2442 FAX 742-1136
> Website: http://www.ttu.edu/~museum
> *** Living History . . . Because It's There ***
>
>
>
> ----------------------
> hist_text list info: http://www.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/maillist.html
>
- ----------------------
hist_text list info: http://www.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/maillist.html
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 12 May 2000 20:02:56 -0600
From: "elenyte" <elenyte@home.com>
Subject: Re: MtMan-List: New to list
Hi,
First I'd like to thank the folks who responded to my "diving right in"
posting. But there's no time to waste regarding gathering good information.
I appreciate the warmth.
Larry, your posting with questions and information really made me think
about all this in a more constructive way. I've always enjoyed sewing with
cotton and wool. So, I think this first crack at sewing clothing for
impressions will be that route. Like your wife, I'm steering clear (no pun
intended) of leather except for making moccasins. Shoes/boots in tougher
leathers might be the hardest to find and the costliest pieces of clothing
to have made. So, I'll seek out your reference for moccasins and have at it.
Yesterday, spent the day visiting the various historical pattern websites
and noted how clothing styles lasted over the decades and overlapped from
the Rev period into the Fur Trading era. I'd like to keep all this as
simple as I can. This way, I might not fall into pitfalls. So, since I'm
green eyed and fair skinned, I'm intrigued by the captive white woman
persona because it seems the simplest to get together. I could make a skirt
for myself and use the same simple shirt pattern for myself as for my
husband. Then make him some trousers and that would be a proper start. But
I need guidance to know if that would be correct. There's just not much out
there in the way of simple clothing for women. I'm not at all interested in
fancy ball gowns. It's rough and tumble, durable clothing for me.
- --- A short detour, here. Today, I went to lunch with an old friend and
told him about the possibility of creating an Indian captive impression. I
jokingly suggested that I could be a white woman who was so ornery that the
Indians begged this fur trapper to take her, please! And my friend said that
it would suit me perfectly! :-P~~~~
Anyhow, I'm delighted that you shared your favorite reference materials and
am going to search for them tonight in my library's web pages. Perhaps some
publications are also available at suttler's tents. I'm well aware that
those patterns are distant cousins to the ones manufactured today. But I
have a close friend who is a CW reenactor out of Illinois. She's sewn it all
for her family members who participate. She's happy to help me through the
rough spots of translating patterns or diagrams to proper size and
allignment. But her style focus is for a later period. At this point in my
early days of research I want to make good choices. So, I need someone to
let me know if my thoughts on my wearing the mans simple shirt over the long
skirt and belted would be ok. And can I use a sash for a belt? Or do I have
a lot more latitude on belting materials? I'd so appreciate chatting with
some women about this.
My interest in all this stems from attendiing CW reenactments back in the
1970's when my brother was very active in them. Now that I've taken an early
retirement, I have time to attend rendezvous and know that the more folks
who attend in accurately fashioned period clothing, the more fun it is for
everyone. We have no intentions of acting like experts. But rather just to
attend looking like we belong to the period of history and enjoy the process
of learning as we go.
What I'd like to do now is gather a few urls for patterns available on the
web and run them past some folks to see if they look familiar for the Fur
Trading period. I don't want to take up a lot of peoples' time. If anyone
is willing to help me off list, perhaps the list would appreciate that.
One last thing - Yesterday, I started reading the archives of this mail
list. You guys are a hoot! The discussion about keeping warm with hot rocks
and the cautions over exploding rocks was so much fun to read! And lastly,
since my husband started working for the state department of water
resources, we drink no "wild" water. Not ever! If it's not giardia it's the
possibility of mine tailings. But you all probably know that. I've only
gotten as far as January 6th postings for 1999.
thanks,
- -Helen
Lakewood, Colorado
- ----- Original Message -----
From: Larry Huber <shootsprairie@hotmail.com>
To: <hist_text@lists.xmission.com>
Sent: Friday, May 12, 2000 10:30 AM
Subject: Re: MtMan-List: New to list
> Hi, Helen, welcome to the list and to the life.
> In order to give you good advice, I'd need more information. Are you
> talking about leather or cloth? European/American or Native Indian?
> Contrary to common belief, most folks started West wearing cloth (not
> leather)and bought cloth whenever they got back to civilization. Indians
> living near posts or forts wore cloth for comfort, style and status.
> Leather and buffalo robes were traditionally attainable in the wild but
> cotton, linen and wool just felt better. So, are YOU dressing as an
Indian
> woman or a settler/habitant? If there's no native blood in you or your
> coloring doesn't reflect that culture, you would probably look better as a
> "white" woman drudy/mtman/maillist.html
- ----------------------
hist_text list info: http://www.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/maillist.html
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 12 May 2000 19:32:46 -0700
From: Randal J Bublitz <randybublitz@juno.com>
Subject: Re: MtMan-List: New to list
Helen, As you are in the Southwest, a Taos woman might be a choice for
you? I am in Southern Cal., so tend to have some South West influence in
my gear. My wife dresses in simple Mid length skirts, cotton blouses, a
belt or sash, a rebozzo(light , smallish shawl) and slipper like
moccasins. As the weather cools she adds layers, sometimes britches
under her skirt and a short Canoe capote with heavier southwest style
moccasins. She doesn't like to wear leather, as it is heavy and not much
warmer (except in a wind). I also made her a pair of wool leggings for
cold weather. I am learning to sew (self taught) and just finished my
most complex project. I made a vest from a west kit pattern, which I
adapted to a later period....ie..shortened, with less flamboyant pocket
flaps and fewer buttons. It is a lined vest, and I had fun making it.
It is the most hand stitching I have ever done, and I'm proud of how well
it turned out. Good luck with your search. hardtack
- ----------------------
hist_text list info: http://www.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/maillist.html
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 12 May 2000 22:44:10 -0400
From: tipis@mediaone.net
Subject: Re: MtMan-List: New to list
What time period and area of the country would be your "captive" impression?
Linda Holley
elenyte wrote:
> Hi,
> First I'd like to thank the folks who responded to my "diving right in"
> posting. But there's no time to waste regarding gathering good information.
> I appreciate the warmth.
>
> Larry, your posting with questions and information really made me think
> about all this in a more constructive way. I've always enjoyed sewing with
> cotton and wool. So, I think this first crack at sewing clothing for
> impressions will be that route. Like your wife, I'm steering clear (no pun
> intended) of leather except for making moccasins. Shoes/boots in tougher
> leathers might be the hardest to find and the costliest pieces of clothing
> to have made. So, I'll seek out your reference for moccasins and have at it.
>
> Yesterday, spent the day visiting the various historical pattern websites
> and noted how clothing styles lasted over the decades and overlapped from
> the Rev period into the Fur Trading era. I'd like to keep all this as
> simple as I can. This way, I might not fall into pitfalls. So, since I'm
> green eyed and fair skinned, I'm intrigued by the captive white woman
> persona because it seems the simplest to get together. I could make a skirt
> for myself and use the same simple shirt pattern for myself as for my
> husband. Then make him some trousers and that would be a proper start. But
> I need guidance to know if that would be correct. There's just not much out
> there in the way of simple clothing for women. I'm not at all interested in
> fancy ball gowns. It's rough and tumble, durable clothing for me.
>
> --- A short detour, here. Today, I went to lunch with an old friend and
> told him about the possibility of creating an Indian captive impression. I
> jokingly suggested that I could be a white woman who was so ornery that the
> Indians begged this fur trapper to take her, please! And my friend said that
> it would suit me perfectly! :-P~~~~
>
> Anyhow, I'm delighted that you shared your favorite reference materials and
> am going to search for them tonight in my library's web pages. Perhaps some
> publications are also available at suttler's tents. I'm well aware that
> those patterns are distant cousins to the ones manufactured today. But I
> have a close friend who is a CW reenactor out of Illinois. She's sewn it all
> for her family members who participate. She's happy to help me through the
> rough spots of translating patterns or diagrams to proper size and
> allignment. But her style focus is for a later period. At this point in my
> early days of research I want to make good choices. So, I need someone to
> let me know if my thoughts on my wearing the mans simple shirt over the long
> skirt and belted would be ok. And can I use a sash for a belt? Or do I have
> a lot more latitude on belting materials? I'd so appreciate chatting with
> some women about this.
>
> My interest in all this stems from attendiing CW reenactments back in the
> 1970's when my brother was very active in them. Now that I've taken an early
> retirement, I have time to attend rendezvous and know that the more folks
> who attend in accurately fashioned period clothing, the more fun it is for
> everyone. We have no intentions of acting like experts. But rather just to
> attend looking like we belong to the period of history and enjoy the process
> of learning as we go.
>
> What I'd like to do now is gather a few urls for patterns available on the
> web and run them past some folks to see if they look familiar for the Fur
> Trading period. I don't want to take up a lot of peoples' time. If anyone
> is willing to help me off list, perhaps the list would appreciate that.
>
> One last thing - Yesterday, I started reading the archives of this mail
> list. You guys are a hoot! The discussion about keeping warm with hot rocks
> and the cautions over exploding rocks was so much fun to read! And lastly,
> since my husband started working for the state department of water
> resources, we drink no "wild" water. Not ever! If it's not giardia it's the
> possibility of mine tailings. But you all probably know that. I've only
> gotten as far as January 6th postings for 1999.
>
> thanks,
> -Helen
> Lakewood, Colorado
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: Larry Huber <shootsprairie@hotmail.com>
> To: <hist_text@lists.xmission.com>
> Sent: Friday, May 12, 2000 10:30 AM
> Subject: Re: MtMan-List: New to list
>
> > Hi, Helen, welcome to the list and to the life.
> > In order to give you good advice, I'd need more information. Are you
> > talking about leather or cloth? European/American or Native Indian?
> > Contrary to common belief, most folks started West wearing cloth (not
> > leather)and bought cloth whenever they got back to civilization. Indians
> > living near posts or forts wore cloth for comfort, style and status.
> > Leather and buffalo robes were traditionally attainable in the wild but
> > cotton, linen and wool just felt better. So, are YOU dressing as an
> Indian
> > woman or a settler/habitant? If there's no native blood in you or your
> > coloring doesn't reflect that culture, you would probably look better as a
> > "white" woman drudy/mtman/maillist.html
>
> ----------------------
> hist_text list info: http://www.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/maillist.html
- ----------------------
hist_text list info: http://www.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/maillist.html
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 12 May 2000 22:53:36 -0600
From: Allen Hall <allenhall@srv.net>
Subject: MtMan-List: What a country
Hello the camp,
One of the subsribers to this list noted how lucky we are to live here in
the US. I hope you all appreciate how right he is. I want to pass along a
little of my appreciation.
Today 3 of my buddies and I drove up to Pinedale, Wyoming to visit the
Museum of the Mountain Man for some business. Anyway, we saw at least 250
antelope at various places, over 100 head of deer, several moose, had a real
close up of 6 bighorn sheep playing on the road. We stopped by Fort
Bonneville, overlooked the Green River/Horse Creek rendezvous area, glimpsed
at the Tetons, went through Jackson's Little Hole, passed the junction of
the Hoback and the Lewis Fork, then the junction of the Salt, Gray's and
Lewis Fork.
What a country! Waugh!
Allen
- ----------------------
hist_text list info: http://www.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/maillist.html
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 12 May 2000 22:23:49 -0700
From: "Roger Lahti" <rtlahti@email.msn.com>
Subject: Re: MtMan-List: What a country
Allen,
Sounds like you took a fantastic journey right through the living, beating
Heart of America. Lucky man. You make us envious. I remain.....
YMOS
Capt. Lahti'
- ----- Original Message -----
From: "Allen Hall" <allenhall@srv.net>
To: <hist_text@lists.xmission.com>
Sent: Friday, May 12, 2000 9:53 PM
Subject: MtMan-List: What a country
> Hello the camp,
>
> One of the subsribers to this list noted how lucky we are to live here in
> the US. I hope you all appreciate how right he is. I want to pass along
a
> little of my appreciation.
>
> Today 3 of my buddies and I drove up to Pinedale, Wyoming to visit the
> Museum of the Mountain Man for some business. Anyway, we saw at least 250
> antelope at various places, over 100 head of deer, several moose, had a
real
> close up of 6 bighorn sheep playing on the road. We stopped by Fort
> Bonneville, overlooked the Green River/Horse Creek rendezvous area,
glimpsed
> at the Tetons, went through Jackson's Little Hole, passed the junction of
> the Hoback and the Lewis Fork, then the junction of the Salt, Gray's and
> Lewis Fork.
>
> What a country! Waugh!
>
> Allen
>
>
> ----------------------
> hist_text list info: http://www.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/maillist.html
>
- ----------------------
hist_text list info: http://www.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/maillist.html
------------------------------
Date: Sat, 13 May 2000 02:08:32 EDT
From: Hawkengun@aol.com
Subject: Re: MtMan-List: John (aka Jeremiah) Johnston's Guns
First off, the book Crow Killer is reputed to be largely fiction, and Thorp's
and Bunker's main informant, "Del Gue" was said to be a notorious
prevaricator. You might try Mark H. Brown's PLAINSMEN OF THE YELLOWSTONE
(Putnam's, New York, 1961). I have read other books of his and they were
very good, solidly researched history. I corresponded for a while with a guy
that is writing a book on Johnston (dispelling the interesting but inaccurate
myths). I can't seem to find his name or e-mail address anywhere though.
Any mention of Johnston owning a Hawken rifle in CROW KILLER is likely an
attempt by the authors or their informants or whoever to describe him
carrying a "typical" mountain man's rifle, without their actually knowing
what he had. Now the famous photograph with him toting a Winchester is good
solid documentation. Speculation about the gun(s) he used from 1843 (the
year he came to the mountains) until the 1860s is probably a waste of time,
until some good reliable data turns up. Why don't you query the MT Hist.
Soc. in Helena? (PO Box 201201, Helena, MT, 59620) They probably have a good
Johnston file/collection.
- ----------------------
hist_text list info: http://www.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/maillist.html
------------------------------
Date: Sat, 13 May 2000 02:43:02 EDT
From: GazeingCyot@cs.com
Subject: Re: MtMan-List: western rendezvous
The Rendezvous in
The Rendezvous up by Pole Bridge Montana by Glacier is put on by the group
that pulled away from N.M.L.R.A. I for get what they call them selves. But as
a rule they have a better turn out. Don't know what kind of turn out they
will have all the up to Pole Bridge this time. I went to the last one that
was held up there and the numbers were down but in my book that ain't all
bad. Man the country up there is worth the trip.
See ya on the trail
Crazy Cyot
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Date: Sat, 13 May 2000 03:07:52 EDT
From: GazeingCyot@cs.com
Subject: Re: MtMan-List: western rendezvous
The Rendezvous up by Pole Bridge Montana by Glacier is put on by the group
that pulled away from N.M.L.R.A. I for get what they call them selves. But as
a rule they have a better turn out. Don't know what kind of turn out they
will have all the way up to Pole Bridge this time. I went to the last one
that
was held up there and the numbers were down but in my book that ain't all
bad. Man the country up there is worth the trip.
See ya on the trail
Crazy Cyot
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Date: Sat, 13 May 2000 09:19:03 EDT
From: Dejim55@aol.com
Subject: Re: MtMan-List: western rendezvous
CAN ANYONE TELL ME IF THEY AR GOING TO HAVE THE RONDY AT TIN CUP UP IN NE
THIS YEAR IF SO WHEN
JIM
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Date: Fri, 12 May 2000 20:15:14 -0600
From: "Wynn & Gretchen Ormond" <leona3@favorites.com>
Subject: MtMan-List: Tracking and Time Frame
This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
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Thank you to those who responded. My questions are in part an attempt =
to get things "back to normal". I do want to know the stuff, but this =
provided a good time to ask. =20
However, I want to correct a wrong impression I purposely gave. I do =
not live in Wyo. J Smith refered to this area as a second home or some =
such. If I remember right four groups of RMFTs all colided here in =
about 25. My home is very near the lake that Mr Russell rode up so high =
to over look. He hunted sheep in the cliffs near it. I live in Willard =
Utah. I worked on the benches above Bountiful last year, and the lake =
can be a pretty sight from up high on a winter eve.
And Captian I get your point but my son and I ride through these hills =
on the same tall horse so at times like that, he is not "built closer to =
the ground". He does have "fresh eyes" and that sometimes makes him my =
superior. I wish I could write the words that could descibe the =
pleasure it is to sit a fine horse with that boy and follow a track in =
the fresh snow on a winter day. Life is good.
YMOS
WY
=20
4 year old has fresh =3D eyes and is built closer to the ground
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charset="iso-8859-1"
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META content=3D"text/html; charset=3Diso-8859-1" =
http-equiv=3DContent-Type>
<META content=3D"MSHTML 5.00.2614.3500" name=3DGENERATOR>
<STYLE></STYLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Thank you to those who responded. =
My=20
questions are in part an attempt to get things "back to normal". I =
do want=20
to know the stuff, but this provided a good time to ask. =
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>However, I want to correct a wrong =
impression I=20
purposely gave. I do not live in Wyo. J Smith refered to =
this area=20
as a second home or some such. If I remember right four groups of =
RMFTs=20
all colided here in about 25. My home is very near the lake that =
Mr=20
Russell rode up so high to over look. He hunted sheep in the =
cliffs near=20
it. I live in Willard Utah. I worked on the benches =
above=20
Bountiful last year, and the lake can be a pretty sight from up high on =
a winter=20
eve.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>And Captian I get your point but my son =
and I ride=20
through these hills on the same tall horse so at times like that, he is =
not=20
"built closer to the ground". He does have "fresh eyes" and that =
sometimes=20
makes him my superior. I wish I could write the words that could =
descibe=20
the pleasure it is to sit a fine horse with that boy and follow a =
track in=20
the fresh snow on a winter day. Life is good.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>YMOS</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>WY</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2> </FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>
<P>4 year old has fresh =3D eyes and is built closer to the=20
ground</P></DIV></BODY></HTML>
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Date: Sat, 13 May 2000 09:48:06 -0500 (CDT)
From: "Susan Gilbert" <sgilbert@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu>
Subject: Re: MtMan-List: New to list
Welcome Helen,
Nice to see another woman join the fray 'round here. I research and
make all the clothing and footwear for my husband and myself as well. It is
a fascinating and satisfying thing to do. I get such pleasure seeing him in
camp, knowing everything he's wearing I made for him.
You have already received alot of good help and suggestions,
especially Larry's post on figuring out where to start. Anything I can do to
help, on or off list, just let me know.
Sue Gilbert
6 Beaver Camp
sgilbert@Avalon.net
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Date: Sat, 13 May 2000 08:28:15 -0700
From: "John C. Funk, Jr." <J2Hearts@norcalis.net>
Subject: MtMan-List: Fw: The New Gold Dollar Coin
> THE NEW "GOLD" DOLLAR COIN
> =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
> The New One Dollar Coin which is now available is the anticipated
> Sacagawea Golden Dollar Coin! These brilliant, uncirculated, new and
> exciting Mint dollars are fresh from the US Mint. This is the first
> redesign of the dollar coin in over 20 years! Some areas of the country
> will not see these for up to 3 months! This beautiful new coin features
> distinguish- ing traits including: a golden color, extra wide border,
> smooth edge and a specially designed alloy. The coin's physical makeup
> is constructed as pure copper sandwiched between outer layers of
> manganese brass. "Sacagawea" is portrayed on the front of the coin
> carrying her infant son. The reverse of the golden dollar displays a
> soaring American bald eagle, our nation's symbol.
> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
> And who, you might wonder, was "Sacagawea". Read on, and you will find
> out.
>
> Sacagawea had been kidnapped and enslaved by the Mandan Sioux who were
> living in Fort Mandan, North Dakota. The Mandan gambled her away to
> Charbonneau, a White fur trader who had lived among them for many years.
> Lewis and Clark had set up a winter camp at the Fort Mandan Trading Post.
> They had hired Charbonneau to join the Expedition as an Indian
> interpreter, because he knew Sioux and French, which enabled him to
> communicate with many different tribes. Like the Mandan, Charbonneau was
> a polygamist who had already taken two other Indian "wives". These women
> were called "Squaws" which is the Algonquin word for "prostitutes".
> While conversing with Charbon- neau, they learned that Sacagawea knew the
> Shoshone language of her birth tribe. They asked Charbonneau to bring
> her on the Expedition even though she would have a newborn child to care
> for. They knew that when they reached the source of the Missouri River,
> they would need to buy horses from a Shoshone Tribe known to be in the
> area. Without horses they would not be able to continue the Expedition
> across land to reach the Pacific Ocean.
>
> Within the first few months of the Expedition, Lewis and Clark would come
> to value Sacagawea's strength, intelligence, and bravery in the face of
> the many unexpected hardships during the exploration consigned to them by
> President Jefferson. By order of the President, Lewis and Clark were
> assigned with the job of discovering a water passage through the
> unexplored Northwest that would be a direct route to the Pacific Ocean.
> To successfully complete the trek through unexplored territory, and map
> the Northwest Passage to the Western Coast, the White men would need the
> help of the Shoshone Indians whose land they would claim for their own.
> Little did they know that this tribe was composed of Sacagawea's people.
> Her brother was their Chief.
>
> They would have to travel by canoe up to the beginning of the Missouri
> River, and venture through rugged terrain by horse, which they would have
> to purchase from the Shoshone. It had been a dream of civilized European
> and American Governments for several hundred years to find a direct route
> through the land of Sacagawea's birth.
>
> The Expedition would be in for a shock when they reached the source of
> the Missouri River and hiked over the first mountain. The wilderness
> before them was vast. Instead of a few miles, they would have to trek
> for many months. Horses were an absolute necessity. They desperately
> needed Sacagawea's Shoshone Indians who inhabited the mountains. The
> Shoshone had heard about the White man but they had never seen one.
>
> Lewis and Clark prepared for the rugged Expedition in Fort Mandan, which
> was located in a very cold area in North Dakota. When the ice thawed in
> the Spring of 1805, they would set out on the Expedition, taking
> Sacagawea and Charbonneau along as Indian Interpreters. However,
> Sacagawea went into labor 2 months before they were to set out on the
> Expedition the following Spring. She had experienced a difficult delivery
> under primitive, unsanitary conditions when Jean-Baptiste (called Pomp by
> Sacagawea) was born. Shortly after his birth, he was strapped to her
> back in a cradle board as the Expedition set out on its rugged trip.
> Sixteen year old Sacagawea was expected to be a fully contributing member
> of the expedition, and she certainly was.
>
> For the first few months of the expedition, Lewis and Clark did not fully
> appreciate Sacagawea, even in the face of her saving actions. On May 14,
> 1805, Clark recorded in his log that a sudden gust of wind had struck the
> sail of the boat broadside nearly overturning it and its valuable
> contents including, "our papers [logs], Instruments, books, medicine, a
> great proportion of our merchandize, and in short almost every article
> indispensibly necessary.. the articles which floated out was nearly all
> caught by the Squar [Squaw: which was another name used for Sacagawea]
> who was in the rear". Her husband Charbonneau was frozen in fear by the
> turbulence of the river.
>
> Although Sacagawea had demonstrated her personal value to the Expedition,
> it was not yet recognized. On June 10, 1805, Lewis demonstrates an
> indifference to her survival. He writes that she is very sick and then
> he continues on about minor matters in the same sentence "Capt. C.
> [Clark] blead her [drew blood- a common 1800's treatment] the night was
> cloudy with some rain." Then he continued to discuss in great detail
> about a species of bird he had seen. On the same day, Clark entered
> notes in his journal misspelling the name assigned to her by her Mandan
> captors, "Sahcahgagwea our Indian Woman verry sick. I blead her, we
> determined to assend the South fork, and one of us, Capt. Lewis or my
> self to go by land as far as the Snow mountains S. 20 [degrees] W. and
> examine the country..."
> However, their journal entries indicate that as Sacagawea's condition
> worsened they began to realize she was their most precious asset. Clark
> had her moved to the back of his sleeping quarters which was more
> sheltered from the weather. On June 13 Clark gave her a dose of salts
> and a mixture of bark to apply to her infected region, "which eased her
> condition". He further recorded that, "The Indian woman much wors this
> evening, she will not take any medison, her husband [Charbonneau]
> petitions to return &, river more rapid late in the evening...".
>
> On June 16, 1805 Lewis also recorded Sacagawea's condition. "This gave
> me some concern as well for the poor object herself, then with a young
> child in her arms, as from the consideration of her being our only
> dependence for a friendly negociation with the Snake Indians [Shoshone
> Tribe] on whom we depend for horses to assist us in our portage from the
> Missouri [to travel by land from the River, through the rugged
> mountainous terrain to the Pacific Ocean". During those days, Sacagawea
> continued to carry luggage and her nursing baby who was strapped on her
> back, while the Expedition Party traveled over rough terrain. Everyone
> had to do their share, and Charbonneau made no special concessions for
> the "Squaw" he had won as a gambling debt. Nor did he follow the
> instructions given to him by Lewis concerning her care and feeding during
> her illness.
>
> One day Lewis gave her water he obtained from a nearby sulfur springs,
> opium, and a mixture of ground bark believed capable of assisting her
> recovery. In fact, her symptoms demonstrate that she was experiencing
> septic shock from a spreading bacterial infection, which was frequently
> deadly before the advent of today's antibiotics. A good medic but a poor
> speller, Lewis recorded "when I came down I found her pulse were scarcely
> perceptible, very quick frequently irregular and attended with strong
> nervous symptoms, that of the twitching of the fingers and leaders of the
> arm... she complains principally of the lower region of the abdomen...
> from obstruction of the mensis...." Sacagawea was very ill.
> Clark further recorded on the evening of June 16, 1805 that she was "out
> of her senses...If she dies it will be the fault of her husband as I am
> now convinced."
>
> Clark's medical knowledge and these recorded symptoms indicate that the
> explorers believed that Sacagawea had a venereal disease. When the
> treatments Lewis had administered began to increase her strength, she was
> compelled by Chabonneau to stagger out of the camp to collect wild apples
> to cook, which was the duty of an obedient "Squaw." Her condition had
> worsened until Lewis intervened to provide her with additional rest and
> medication. It can be speculated that the obvious concern and assistance,
> which both Lewis and Clark had shown to Sacagawea during her severe
> illness and recovery, had created a permanent bond of loyalty. She would
> perform valuable services at critical times which actually saved the
> Expedition.
>
> On July 14, 1805 Clark recorded that Sacagawea had recognized the
> territory they were in because her Shoshone Tribe had traveled it when
> she was a child. Clark was faced with deciding which of the many Indian
> trails ahead of them would lead the Expedition through the correct Pass.
> Clark writes: "I observe several leading roads which appear to pass to a
> gap in the mountain.. The indian woman who has been of great service to
> us as a pilot through this country reccommends a gap in the mountain more
> south which I shall cross". It was named the Bozeman Pass, and was later
> chosen as the best route for the Northern Pacific Railway!
>
> The leaders of the Expedition had clearly begun to value the importance
> Sacagawea held for the success of the President's order to find the
> "Northwest Passage." They also needed her to communicate with her
> Shoshone Tribe in order to obtain the horses that were essential to carry
> them and all their supplies through the mountains to reach the Pacific
> Coast. They had lost faith in Charbonneau's judgment, and slowly became
> aware of the uncalled for abuse he leveled at Sacagawea.
>
> On July 29, 1805 Lewis reported that Sacagawea, her infant, Captain Clark
> and Charbonneau all nearly drowned in a flash flood. A sudden downpour
> caused a torrent of water, mud, boulders and debris to violently descend
> upon them, as they huddled in a previously dry ravine. Charbonneau again
> demonstrated his incompetence to act intelligently during an emergency.
> Lewis wrote on June 29,1805, that Charbonneau was so frozen with fear
> that he dropped his "gun, shot pouch, horn, tomahawk... and Clark's
> compass... a serious loss...".
>
> To emphasize the seriousness of the near drowning, Lewis continued to
> write of the concern he felt for Sacagawea and her infant, "The brier
> [infants cradle and mosquito netting] in which the woman carry's her
> child and all it's cloaths [clothes] wer swept away as they lay at her
> feet[,] she having time only to grab her child; the infant was therefore
> very cold and the woman also had just recovered from a severe
> indisposition [illness] was also wet and cold...".
> Clark also recorded his concern about the incident on July 29, revealing
> that in the aftermath, he even gave Sacagawea some rum to help her
> recover. This was an unheard of gesture by a White or Indian man towards
> merely a "Squaw".
> Clark wrote: "I derected [directed] the perty to return to the camp at
> the run as fast as possible to get back to the camp where they could get
> warm clothing for the mother and child who were ... wet and cold, I was
> fearful of a relapse I caused her [Sacagawea] and the others of the party
> to take a little of the spirits [Rum], which my servent had [carried for
> me] in a canteen, which revived [them] verry much".Sacagawea's value to
> Lewis and Clark had finally been realized! At the same time, they became
> less tolerant of Charbonneau's mistakes and his mistreatment of
> Sacagawea.
>
> On August 14, 1805 Lewis angrily reported in his journal that
> Charbonneau, "struck his Indian Woman for which Capt. C.[lark] gave him
> a severe reprimand." Although wife abuse was accepted in the tribe of
> Sacagawea's childhood, she clearly began to thrive as her personal rights
> within the Expedition grew. The longing to return to her Shoshone Tribe
> would diminish after the excitement of the reunion with her brother wore
> off .
>
> A log entry for August 17, 1805, described the first meeting of
> Sacagawea's Shoshone Tribe. Clark recorded that: "I had not proceeded on
> one mile before I saw at a distance Several Indians on horsback comeing
> towards me, The Inter- preter [Charbonneau] & Squar [Sacagawea] who were
> before me at Some distance danced for the joyful sight, and She
> [Sacagawea] made signs to me that they were her nation [Indian sign
> language of sucking her fingers].".
>
> On the same day Lewis recorded that ".the Indian woman proved to be a
> sister of the Chief Cameahwait. The meeting of those people was really
> affecting [emotional], particularly between Sah-cah-gar-we-ah and an
> Indian woman, who had been taken prisoner at the same time with her and
> who, had afterwards escaped from the Minnetares and rejoined her nation".
>
>
> On August 19, 1805, Lewis entered into his log the following description
> of Sacagawea's people: "From what has been said of the Shoshones it will
> be readily perceived that they live in a wretched stait [state] of
> poverty. Yet notwithstanding this extreem poverty they are not only
> cheerful but even gay, fond of gaudy dress and amusements; like most
> other Indians they are great egotists and frequently boast of heroic acts
> which they never performed.
>
> The explorers believed that because Sacagawea's brother was the Chief of
> the Shoshones, the Expedition was more likely to get the horses they
> needed to travel to their final destination, the Pacific Ocean. However,
> they soon discovered that the Shoshone knew that to help a few White men
> would only bring more people into their lands. Deception would become
> the initial Shoshone strategy.
>
> By August 24, 1805 the Shoshone's had promised to assist Lewis's group in
> trans- porting their supplies and equip- ment up a mountain where they
> would meet with other members from the Shoshone Village. The Shoshone
> were to be waiting with the desperately needed horses, enabling the
> Expedition to cross land to the Pacific Coast. The explorers soon
> learned through Sacagawea's alertness and loyalty to the Expedition, that
> the Shoshone did not intend to help the White man claim their territory.
>
> The Shoshone knew that without the horses the Expedition could not
> proceed deeper into Shoshone territory. Lewis recorded his personal
> accusations against them on August 25, 1805. He said that the Shoshone
> Indians knew that they would then never see anymore white men in their
> country. So they lied to Lewis. Sacagawea discovered the Shoshone deceit
> on the morning of August 25, 1805. She had heard her people discussing
> their plans for the next day which differed from what they had told
> Lewis. Some braves had quietly left the camp. Sacagawea told
> Charbonneau that, instead of meeting Lewis's group on a mountain to
> provide the needed horses, the Shoshone intended to leave the area and
> abandon the explorers to an unknown fate. That evening Charbonneau
> casually mentioned to Lewis that he was to meet the Indians in an
> opposite direction, greatly agitating Lewis by this revelation. Lewis
> recorded in his log that he angrily questioned Charbonneau and discovered
> that Sacagawea had urgently conveyed this information to Charbonneau many
> hours earlier and that Charbonneau had withheld the vital information.
> Lewis wrote that "I was out of patience with the folly of Charbonneau who
> had not sufficient sagacity to see the consequences...".
>
> The entry Lewis made on the day before (August 24, 1805), indicates that
> Charbonneau may have had reason to be jealous of the high esteem the
> Explorers had developed for Sacagawea. Lewis gave Sacagawea one of the
> few highly valued horses that they had purchased a few days earlier
> during their first contact with the Shoshone. Even in her own tribe she
> would have been required to continue walking, while her husband rode
> horseback. Instead, Sacagawea rode the horse while the irritable
> Charbonneau walked behind. Lewis hurriedly met with the three Shoshone
> Chiefs and convinced them to hold to their promise of selling horses to
> the Expedition, and in return, Lewis promised to provide the Shoshone
> with the rifles needed for protection from enemy tribes, and for hunting
> buffalo.
>
> Sacagawea's relationship to her brother Cameahwait, one of the Shoshone
> Chiefs, allowed the Shoshone to trust the promise made by Lewis to
> provide them with rifles, and in return he got the needed horses to reach
> the ocean. At an encampment near the coast, it was decided that only two
> canoes carrying a lucky few, would be the first to travel down-river to
> view the ocean's shoreline. On January 6, 1806 Lewis recorded in his log
> that Sacagawea insisted that she be selected among those chosen to first
> view the Pacific Ocean. To be chosen would confer upon those few the
> great value they held for the success of the Expedition. Lewis recorded
> in his journal that Sacagawea complained to him saying that she, "...had
> traveled a long way to see the great waters, and that now that monstrous
> fish [whales] was also to be seen, she thought it very harsh..." if she
> was not selected among the first group. Sacagawea was granted this wish
> along with an equal voice in future decisions. She declined to stay with
> her Shoshone Tribe. For Sacagawea the trip home was easy: She believed
> that she had earned an equal share of the Modern Democratic World.
> Having acquired the taste of freedom and equality, she would find that
> the white man's world no longer needed the services of a young Native
> American. She remained living with her controlling and abusive,
> polygamous husband, Charbonneau and his several other "Squaw" wives,
> until her death at about age 24, 7 years after the Lewis and Clark
> Expedition. Nonetheless, her legend began to grow immediately. In fact,
> her death in 1812 was not accepted by White or Native American peoples
> until historical documents were unearthed by historians and publicized in
> the middle of the 20th century.
>
> An 1811 journal entry made by Henry Brackenridge, a fur dealer at Fort
> Manual Lisa Trading Post on the Missouri River, stated that both
> Sacagawea and Charbonneau were living at the fort. He recorded that
> Sacagawea "...had become sickly and longed to reviste her native
> country." The following year, John Luttig, a clerk at Fort Manuel Lisa
> recorded in his journal on December 20, 1812, that "...the wife of
> Charbonneau, a Snake Squaw [the common term used to denote Shoshone
> Indians], died of putrid fever and left behind a fine infant girl."
> Documents held by Clark show that her son, Baptiste, had already been
> entrusted by Charbonneau into Clark's care for a boarding school
> education, at Clark's insistence.
>
> In February 1813, two months after Luttig's journal entry, Fort Manual
> Lisa, located along the Missouri River where many tribes made their home,
> was attacked by hostile Indians killing about 15 men. The survivors
> included John Luttig and Sacagawea's infant daughter, Lizette.
> Charbonneau was presumed among those killed.
>
> An historical court document demonstrates that Sacagawea was already
> dead. An adoption document made in the Orphans Court Records in St.
> Louis, Missouri states that "On August 11, 1813, William Clark became the
> guardian of "Tousant Charbonneau, a boy about ten years, and Lizette
> Charbonneau, a girl about one year old." For a Missouri State Court at
> the time, to designate a child as orphaned and to allow an adoption, both
> parents had to be confirmed dead in court papers.
>
> The last recorded document citing Sacagawea's existence appears in
> William Clark's original notes written between 1825-1826. He lists the
> names of each of the expedition members and their last known whereabouts.
> For Sacag- awea he writes: "Se car ja we au- Dead". This document, the
> adoption record, and the three independent journal entries verify the
> historical belief that Sacagawea died of disease while still young,
> having been left unappreciated and in obscurity at the South Dakota
> trading post called Fort Manuel Lisa.
>
> However, an opposing view exists that Sacagawea lived happily into old
> age among her own Shoshone people. Shoshone Tribal history, and a burial
> plot marker on the Shoshone Wind River Reservation in Wyoming proclaims
> that she died at age 78, on April 9, 1884. It is based on two
> unsubstantiated beliefs. One is an oral, unwritten Tribal legend that
> states an old woman claiming to be Sacagawea, had lived among them well
> into old age. The other is a second-hand recollection made by a minister
> 23 years later. In 1907, Rev. John Roberts, said he had buried an old
> Indian woman on the Wind River Reservation and that people had told him
> that she was Sacagawea. The truth came out in 1945, when Rev. Roberts
> was asked by an historian, Blanche Schroer, and he honestly replied that,
> "All I know is I buried an old Indian woman. The historian, Grace
> Raymond Hebard, told me she was Sacajawea". Wishful thinking by a proud
> tribe may have understandably affected this web of mis-beliefs.
>
> Because of this deception, a modern day burial site was erected on the
> Shoshone Reservation, in Wyoming, and it is complete with a memorial
> plaque stating her long life. The truth is that Sacagawea was not buried
> in Wyoming, nor was she born there, and her Shoshone Tribe did not
> inhabit Wyoming at the time of Sacagawea's life. During her childhood,
> the Shoshone were in Montana and Idaho, where their villages dotted the
> meadowlands near the junction of the Salmon and Lemhi Rivers.
>
> Evidence that Sacagawea's Band of Shoshone Indians lived in this area,
> and not in Wyoming, is confirmed by both Lewis and Clark in their daily
> journals. They recorded the fact that as the Expedition proceeded up the
> Jefferson River, Sacagawea recognized a large rock formation called
> "Beaver's Head" and that she announced that her tribe would be found on
> "a river beyond the mountains and running to the west." This soon proved
> true. And not only was the Sho- shone Tribe of her childhood in the area
> as she had predicted, but the explorers soon discovered that her brother
> Cameahwait had become their Chief.
>
> Knowing the "slave-like" treatment commonly given to females in the
> Shoshone Band of Sacagawea's origin, as described in journal notes by
> several Expedition members, the false monument appears to serve merely a
> commercial and sentimental cause. The truth is, that nobody cared enough
> about her life after the Expedition, either white or Native American, to
> make significant notice and appreciation of the important details of her
> life and her death. Sacagawea's female status and her ethnic identity in
> the early 1800's, kept her in the background of both white and tribal
> society. Only after the Expedition's incredible value became popularly,
> and politically well accepted, did her personal courage, sacrifices and
> contributions to the opening of the West gain the recognition they
> deserve.
> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
> Now you know why we commemmorate Sacagawea on our new "Gold" dollar.
>
> >O<.>O<.>O<.>O<.>O<.>O<.>O<.>O<.>O<.>O<.>O<.>O< - - J.
>
>
- ----------------------
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