Subject: MtMan-List: Holidays with the Corp of Discovery [as requested]
Here's the information that Concho and several others have requested on "Holidays with the Corp of Discovery". File this away for reference as the greatest traveling experience our Nation as seen, only walking on the moon would equal it.
Concho has left the building; thank goodness, in route to PA. and should make good time - if someone doesn't talk to him on refueling.
At this wonerful time of the year, remember those of the past and present, loved ones and friends, God Bless them all. We've given you a little history of what was going on with the Corp of Discovery under the direction of Lewis & Clark.
On Christmas Eve, the temperature climbed above zero - and almost above freezing. Fort Mandan was deemed officially complete, and the captains handed out dried apples, pepper, and extra flour for the next day's meal and celebration.
Just before Christmas dawn, the captains were awakened by the men, all if them, Clark noted, "merrily disposed."
December 25th, 1804.
We ushed [in] the morning with a discharge of the Swivvel [gun], and one round of Small arms of all the party.
Then another from the Swivvel. Then Capt. Clark presented a glass of brandy to each man of the party. We hoisted the american flag, and each man had another Glass of brandy.
The men prepared one of the rooms and commenced dancing. At 10 o'c [lock] we had another Glass of brandy, at one a gun was fired as a Signal for diner. Half past two another gun was fired to assemble at the dance, and So we kept it up in a jov[ia]l manner untill eight o'c[lock] at night, all without the company of the female Seck [sex].
Joseph Whitehouse
The mandans were asked not to visit the fort on Christmas because, the captains explained, it was a "great medicine" day for the expedition. But on New Year's, the men celebrated with their Indian hosts.
*************
New YearÆs Day
January 1st, 1806.
Our repast of this day, tho' better than that of Cristmass, consisted principally in the anticipation of the 1st day of January 1807, when in the bosom of our friends we hope to participate in the mirth and hilarity of the day, and when with the zest given by the recollection of the present, we shall completely, both mentally and corporally, enjoy the repast which the hand of civilization has prepared for us. Meriwether Lewis.
Men were put to work making candles, boiling ocean water for salt, preserving elk meat in a smokehouse, and sewing clothes from elk hides for the return trip home.
Clark labored over a new map that would replace eastern speculation with the hard facts of western geography.
Lewis wrote page after page of descriptions of animals and plants unknown to science-from the giant sitka spruce tree to the evergreen huckleberry; from ring-necked ducks and whistling swans to small smelt-the candlefish-that the men roasted and ate whole.
In the next life may we experience such an adventure, and may God see us fit enough to handle the chore.
For a new year it seems things are well with our early travelers, fed and full of thoughts of returning home.
May you and yourÆs have a good New Year.
*************
Easter
Checking the different sources listed below, no entries where made on this date, but we know that they where with at Fort Mandan waiting for the ice to clear from the rivers.
Invoice of articles from Fort Mandan to the President:
First box, skins of the male and female antelope, with their skeletons;.... horns and ears of the black tail, or mule deer;.... skeletons of small animals, or burrowing wolf of the prairies, the skin having been lost by accident.
Second box, four buffalo robes and an ear of Mandan corn.
Third box, skins of male and female antelope, with skeletons.
Fourth box, specimens of earths, salts and minerals; specimens of plants;..... one tin box containing insects.
In a large trunk: one buffalo robe painted by a Mandan man representing a battle which was fought eight years [ago], by the Sioux and [Arikaras] against the Mandans and [Hidatsas].
One cage, containing four living magpies.
One cage, containing a living burrowing squirrel of the prairies.
One cage, containing one living hen of the prairies.
One large pair of elkÆs horns, connected by the frontal bone.
We know that by the end of March the ice was no longer a problem on the rivers and Lewis had sent a small detachment back to St. Louis with the big keelboat, loaded with materials for Jefferson: maps, lengthy reports about populations and customs of the Indian tribes in the Louisiana Territory and the prospects for trade, and box after box of specimens they had collected from the newest region of the now growing U. States.
April ?. At this moment, every individual of the party are in good health and excellent sperits; zealously attached to the enterprise, and anxious to proceed; not a whisper of discontent or murmur is to be heard among them; but all in unison act with the most perfect harmoney. With such men I have every thing to hope, and but little to fear.
MERIWETHER LEWIS
On April 7, 1805, the Corps of Discovery headed west once more...........
*************
Memorial Day
By the way being Memorial Day 1999, Let's take a look at what our forefather's were up to on the Upper Missouri 1805.
Lewis's journal of May 20, 1805, decribes a "handsome river" which the captains named Sacagawea, or Bird Woman's River.
May 20th. The large creek which we passed..we Call Blowing fly Creek, from the emence quantities of those insects which geather on our meat in such nombers that we are obledged to brush them off what we eate.
John Ordway.
May 30th. Many circumstances indicate our near approach to a country whos climate differs considerably from that in which we have been for many months. [Clark names the Judith River in honor of a young girl back in Virginia he hoped to one day be his wife] The air of the open country is asstonishingly dry as well as pure. I found by several expeeriments that a table spoon of water exposed to the air in a saucer would evaporate in 36 hours...My inkstand so frequently becoming dry put me on this experiment. I also observed the well seasoned case of my sextant shrunk considerably and the joints opened.
Meriwether Lewis.
May 31st. We passed some very curious cliffs and rocky peaks, in a long range. Some of them 200 feet high and not more than eigth fett thick. They seem as if built by the hand of man, and are so numerous that they appear like the ruins of an acinet city.
Patrick Gass.
May 31st. In maney places...we observe on either Side of the river extraodanary walls of a black Semented Stone which appear to be regularly placed one Stone on the other..[T]hose walls Commence at the waters edge & in Some places meet at right angles.
William Clark.
May 31st. The hills and river Cliffs which we passed today exhibit a most romantic appearance...The bluffs of the river rise to the hight of from 2 to 300 feet and in most places nearly perpendicular; they are formed of remarkable white sandstone...
The water in the course of time in decending from those hills and plains on either side of the river has trickled down the soft sand clifts and woarn it into a thousand grotesque figures, which with the help of a little immagination...are made to represnt eligant ranges of lofty freestone buildings, having their parapets well stocked with statuary...
Meriwether Lewis.
______________________________________
Many of the brothers have made this trip from Ft. Benton passed Judith Landing and further south on the Upper Missouri, reading what has been stated almost 200 years before brings back fond memories of this land and what we have all seen - then and now.
If you have never made this trip please write it down as a "must adventure to do", if you don't canoe (best way to see it) there are float trips available. Be sure to ask the US Forest Service for use of their "Guide Book" while making the trip, it really adds to the river with history and pictures, like Bodimer's, etc. painted in the early 1800's, and the landscape hasn't changed that much. Believe me you'll remember this water venture for years, period or not take a camera and a note pad - you'll make good use of both.
*************
Independence Day
Fourth of July
Being Independence Day 1999, Let's take a look at what our forefather's were up to on the Upper Missouri 1805. With the portage behind them, the Corps of Discovery celebrated their second Fourth of July of the journey with a meal of beans, suet dumplings, and heaping portions of buffalo meat, a "very comfortable dinner," Lewis wrote.
We had no just cause to covet the sumptuous feasts of our countrymen on this day......... . We have conceived our party sufficiently small and therefore have concluded not to dispatch a canoe with a part of the men to St. Louis as we had intended early in the spring. We fear also that such a measure might possibly discourage those who would be in such case remain, and might possibly hazzard the fate of the expedition................
MERIWETHER LEWIS
July 4th. A beautiful, clear, pleasant warm morning....It being the 4th of Independence, we drank the last of our Spirits.... The fiddle [was] put in order, and the party amused themselves dancing all the evening until about 10 oClock in a jovi[a]l manner.
JOHN ORDWAY
Their supply of whiskey was running low, but the captains let the men finish it off as "they continued their mirth with songs and festive jokes and were extremely merry until late at night".
They were was behind schedule. And off in the distance, they could now see the mountains that awaited them.
The mountains to the N.W. and West of us are still entirely covered [with snow], are white and glitter with the reflection of the sun. I do not believe that the clouds that pervale at this season of the year reach the summits of those lofty mountains; and if they do the probability is that they deposit snow only, for there has been no p[er]ceptable diminution of the snow which they contain since we first saw them. I have thought it probable that these mountains migth have derived their appellation of SHINEING MOUNTAINS from their glittering appearance when the sun shines in certain directions on the snow which covers them.
WILLIAM CLARK
I wonder how many of the brothers of the AMM camped in the Yellowstone area this year have seen these SHINEING MOUNTAINS as did William Clark, Meriwether Lewis and their group did a few years before !
*************
At this time of the year, remember those of the past and present, loved ones and friends, God Bless them all. We've given you a little history of what was going on with the Corp of Discovery under the direction of Lewis & Clark.
Thanksgiving
Remember that this was not a Holiday as we know it now, that didnÆt happen until the next century and then 50 years before becoming a National Holiday.
On November 24 the captains called everyone together. They had come 4,162 miles since leaving the Mississippi, Clark estimated. But now a decision was needed: where to spend the winter. Lewis and Clark explained the options.
Staying near the ocean meant they might yet meet a ship, get provisions, and perhaps send a man or two back to Washington by sea with word of their achievement. And being near ocean water, they could also make salt, which they would need for the return trip.
They could remain on the north side of the ColumbiaÆs mouth, through the local Chinook I ndians charged what Clark considered extravagant prices for everything and there did not appear to be an abundance of game.
They could move to the south side (in what is now Oregon). Some Clatsops, who had crossed over there, promised plenty of elk for food and clothing.
Or they could head back upriver - perhaps halfway back toward the Nez Perce - where they could count on drier weather.
Once again the captains broke with protocol in reaching an important decision. As military commanders - especially as commanders now operating in territory beyond the borders of the United States - Lewis and Clark could simply have imposed their own choice.
Instead, the Corps of Discovery would face this issue the same way it had already dealt with the grueling portage of the Great Falls, the deflating disappointment of Lemhi Pass, the biting cold and near starvation of the Bitterroot Mountains, and the rain-soaked gales of the lower Columbia. They would face it together, as a collection of diverse individuals who had molded themselves into a cohesive unit that was stronger than the sum of its particular parts.
E pluribus unum.
One by one, the name of each member of the Corps of Discovery was called out. And each oneÆs preference was recorded.
ClarkÆs slave York, was allowed to vote - nearly sixty years before slaves in the rest of America would be emancipated and enfranchised.
Sacagawea, the Indian woman, voted too - more than a century before either women or Indians were granted the full rights of citizenship.
In the end, a majority decided to cross to the south side of the Columbia. There, together they would spend the winter with all of North America between themselves and their countrymen.
Capt. Lewis Branded a tree with his name, Date, etc..... The party all Cut the first letters of their names on different trees.... I marked my name, the Day & year on an alder tree.... William Clark. By Land from the U. States in 1804 & 1805.
WILLIAM CLARK
Not as fancy a November 24th as we have come to be accustomed to, with large amounts of food, family and left overs, but to them working as a unit and making that crossing to be with the Clatsops, who had crossed over there, promised plenty of elk for food and clothing they had a wonderful day to be thankfull for.
"LEWIS & CLARK / The Journey of the Corps of Discovery" is the main source where this information was gotten from, Dayton Duncan & Ken Burns have done a wonderful piece of work on these adventures of Lewis & Clark and the Corps of Discovery members. A must have book for anyone interested in the travels of this group and the mapping of America.
Buck Conner
Aux Ailments de Pays!
GREAT RESOURCES:
Original Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition 1804 - 1806., Reuben Gold Thwaites, Bernard De Voto, Arno Press, Inc.
Journals of the Lewis and Clark, Bernard De Voto, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston.
LEWIS & CLARK / The Journey of the Corps of Discovery, Dayton Duncan & Ken Burns. Alfred A. Knopf, Publisher, New York.
Lewis & Clark: Pioneering Naturalists, Paul Russell Cutright, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln and London, Bison Books.
Only One Man Died - The Medical Aspects of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, Eldon G. Chuinard, M.D., Ye Galleon Press, Fairfield, Washington.
Later,
Buck Conner
_________________________________
Personal :http://home.att.net/~buck.conner/personal.html
Business :http://www.teleport.com/~walking/clark/
AMM Party:http://klesinger.com/jbp/jbp.html
_________________________________
Aux Ailments de Pays!
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Date: Fri, 26 Nov 1999 20:47:44 -0700
From: "Gretchen H. Ormond" <leona3@favorites.com>
Subject: Re: MtMan-List: canvas and tipi's
There was some discussion here on the list about the weight of a buffalo
hide tipi . When I was in college I read in a book (anthropology?) by John
Ewers that claimed a Plains Indian tipi weighed about 100-150 lbs. He
claimed and is believable that one horse carried (or dragged if you prefer)
the lodge and that weight would be a fair load for one horse.
The commercially tanned buffalo that I have seen at Fox Valley Tanning more
closely resembles commercially tanned elk than it does domestic cow, so a
hide may not be as heavy as we would guess, but also, I believe that the
talk about an 18 foot tipi is comparable to talking about a three bedroom/
two bath frontier cabin. It is possible, but not likely to be common. It
would be easier to have two tipi's than one overly large one.
Yours Wynn
P.S. Mr. Kramer informed me that Francis Victor was not a reliable source
of information because Joe Meek was smart enough to sleep with the woman
when he got the chance. I can not vouch for John Ewers since I have no idea
who he slept with, so take this info for what it is worth!
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Date: Sat, 27 Nov 1999 12:37:37 -0600
From: Jim Colburn <jc60714@navix.net>
Subject: MtMan-List: John C. Ewers
Washtahay-
At 08:47 PM 11/26/99 -0700, you wrote:
>snip<
>P.S. Mr. Kramer informed me that Francis Victor was not a reliable source
>of information because Joe Meek was smart enough to sleep with the woman
>when he got the chance. I can not vouch for John Ewers since I have no idea
>who he slept with, so take this info for what it is worth!
Had to take a minute to reply-I had to wait to stop laughing! The notion
that who one sleeps or slept with establishes one's credentials as an
ethnologist struck me as amusing.... Francis Victor is generally
considered to be a less-than-reliable source because of poor
scholarship-her choice of paramours merely reflects a lack of objectivity.
Mr. Ewers, in the space of a nearly 60 year career as an ethnologist,
managed to avoid having any such rumors spread about him. I've heard
people who didn't like or agree with him describe him as "a gentleman and
scholar of the old school". He is considered to be one of-if not
the-formost ethnologists of the century (he was "THE" expert on the culture
of the Blackfoot Indians, for example). He was a pretty nice guy too, by
all accounts.
Still laughing
LongWalker c. du B.
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Date: Sat, 27 Nov 1999 21:17:05 -0700
From: Mike Moore <amm1616@earthlink.net>
Subject: Re: MtMan-List: canvas and tipi's
Having seen and handled a buffalo tipi, I'd like to make some comments on the
ten hide
sinew sewed one the Houslers had at Fort Laramie two or three years ago. While
it was heavy (think of ten separate hides), it was not unmanageable. When the
dew soaked in it and it did, the weight increased drastically. But a very easy
load for a horse. While when we ride our weight is close or more than the dead
weight of the cover - the way the horses of old were used and abused, I think
they got used to it and probably weren't run with one being dragged except under
emergency circumstances. You read of a cover being dragged on a travois and a
couple kids on top, with other equipment. I tend to think the older hide tipis
were smaller than alot of ones used for today. It took less hides, were easier
to carry and were warmer.My 36 square foot buffalo hide weighs 18 pounds. (know
by shipping weight). A medium hide. While they do tend to be bulky, one horse
could carry the cover and some of the poles. But it would take another horse to
finish up with the rest of the eqiupment and personal gear.
Gretchen H. Ormond wrote:
> There was some discussion here on the list about the weight of a buffalo
> hide tipi . When I was in college I read in a book (anthropology?) by John
> Ewers that claimed a Plains Indian tipi weighed about 100-150 lbs. He
> claimed and is believable that one horse carried (or dragged if you prefer)
> the lodge and that weight would be a fair load for one horse.
>
> The commercially tanned buffalo that I have seen at Fox Valley Tanning more
> closely resembles commercially tanned elk than it does domestic cow, so a
> hide may not be as heavy as we would guess, but also, I believe that the
> talk about an 18 foot tipi is comparable to talking about a three bedroom/
> two bath frontier cabin. It is possible, but not likely to be common. It
> would be easier to have two tipi's than one overly large one.
>
> Yours Wynn
>
> P.S. Mr. Kramer informed me that Francis Victor was not a reliable source
> of information because Joe Meek was smart enough to sleep with the woman
> when he got the chance. I can not vouch for John Ewers since I have no idea
> who he slept with, so take this info for what it is worth!
>
> ----------------------
> hist_text list info: http://www.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/maillist.html
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Date: Sun, 28 Nov 1999 16:10:38 -0500
From: "Laura Glise" <lglise@bellsouth.net>
Subject: MtMan-List: Reenacement/tourism vs. history
Sunday after Thanksgiving
Is it just me? Or do others out there believe Buck Conner should get a stipend for being on this list?
It was coincidental that his post regarding Lewis and Clark coincided with my trip this weekend to the site where Corps of Discovery expedition successfully reached the Pacific Ocean. As I stood there, being rained on, blown and beaten around I was reminded again of the difference between being a student of history and a part of history.
The first time this really dawned on me was three years ago when I was headed to Riverton, Wyoming to attend the Rendezvous of 1838 reenacement. I had been "teaching" history for years, researching, emoting the drama of the time, but my daughter and I were in Kansas on part of the Oregon Trail and a tornado blew into town. We were in a motel and were evacuated to the first floor, secured under mattresses, cars being blown around in the parking lot and the acoustical ceiling tiles clacking above us. It occurred to me that I had been playing dress up. As I pulled my daughter into my body I thought of how the families must have felt out there on the trail, huddling under wagons fearing for their lives.
Yesterday I had that feeling again. Student of history vs. history. As I watched the storm blow in, wasn't hard to imagine frequent scene of shipwrecks washing up on the beaches. The entrance to the Columbia River became known as the graveyard of the Pacific for the hundreds of shipwrecks dashed against the rocks and scattered across the beaches of the Long Beach Peninsula. To-date more than 2,000 shipwrecks and the estimated loss of 1,500 lives have been recorded.
What courage these men must have had to face the mouth of the Columbia River, which makes the Misssissippi River look like a babbling brook. Men lost their lives (and still do) in steel-hulled ships, with the assistance of lighthouses, and the Corps of Discovery paddled across?
No wonder we're driven to read the text, congregate on this list with others of similar interests, and return time and time again to sit in the silver smoke . . . trying to imagine what it was really like and trying to imagine if we would have the courage to paddle across . . . pack in . . . read the sign, and make the sacrifice.
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Date: 28 Nov 1999 14:00:09 -0800
From: Buck <buck.conner@uswestmail.net>
Subject: Re: MtMan-List: Reenacement/tourism vs. history
On Sun, 28 November 1999, "Laura Glise" wrote:
> Sunday after Thanksgiving
>
> Is it just me? Or do others out there believe Buck Conner should get a stipend for being on this list?
>
> It was coincidental that his post regarding Lewis and Clark coincided with my trip this weekend to the site where Corps of Discovery expedition successfully reached the Pacific Ocean. As I stood there, being rained on, blown and beaten around I was reminded again of the difference between being a student of history and a part of history.
>
> The first time this really dawned on me was three years ago when I was headed to Riverton, Wyoming to attend the Rendezvous of 1838 reenacement.............
> What courage these men must have had to face the mouth of the Columbia River, which makes the Misssissippi River look like a babbling brook. Men lost their lives (and still do) in steel-hulled ships, with the assistance of lighthouses, and the Corps of Discovery paddled across?
>
> No wonder we're driven to read the text, congregate on this list with others of similar interests, and return time and time again to sit in the silver smoke . . . trying to imagine what it was really like and trying to imagine if we would have the courage to paddle across . . . pack in . . . read the sign, and make the sacrifice.
>
> Salute.
>
> Laura Glise
- ----------------------------------------------
Laura,
At first I wasn't sure of the word "stipend", it's been along time since hearing the term: "a contribution, a regular payment or a salary". An interesting thought, but my time and enjoyment on this list it seeing others experience what you have just said. "trying to imagine what it was really like and trying to imagine if we would have the courage to paddle across . . . pack in . . . read the sign, and make the sacrifice". Thank you for the kind remark.
This is what "living history" is, experiencing as close as possible the life styles, the period and the equipage used in that given period that we each research. That's what brought about my personal page, as with many others on this list and other lists. If we share our found documented information with each other look at the time we all save and how much is gained.
Have had many letters, e-mails, etc. about our horse, water and foot travel that we have done in 40 plus years and I can only say that I have been blessed with good people - in traveling, camps and help with research to make these trips possible. Team work is a big factor now and it was for our forefathers, don't go off blindly into the unknown, do as much research as possible as a team, assign every member a task and make sure each does what is needed, you'll have a successful adventure doing this about 90% of the time.
Later,
Buck Conner
_________________________________
Personal :http://home.att.net/~buck.conner/personal.html
Business :http://www.teleport.com/~walking/clark/
AMM Party:http://klesinger.com/jbp/jbp.html
_________________________________
Aux Ailments de Pays!
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Date: Sun, 28 Nov 1999 19:20:08 -0500 (EST)
From: JONDMARINETTI@webtv.net (JON MARINETTI)
Subject: MtMan-List: George Washington [Nov.1789]
210 years ago.
Thursday, 26th. Being the day appointed for a thanksgiving (11), I
went to St. Paul's Chapel, though it was most inclement and stormy --
but few people at Church.
Saturday, 28th. Exercised on horseback.
Sunday, 29th. Went to St. Paul's Chapel in the forenoon.
[from The Diaries of George Washington, edited by John C. Fitzpatrick,
Volume 4 of 4, pp.55-56.]
11. The date of issue of this first Thanksgiving Proclamation, issued
by the first President of the United States is October 3rd. The
original is in the Washington Papers, Library of Congress.
- -----------------------------------
from Michigan Territory
- -----------------------------------
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Date: 29 Nov 99 12:38:34 EST
From: Concho Smith <conchosmith@netscape.net>
Subject: Re: [Re: MtMan-List: Reenacement/tourism vs. history]
On Sun, 28 November 1999, "Laura Glise" wrote:
> Sunday after Thanksgiving
> =
> Is it just me? Or do others out there believe Buck Conner should get a=
stipend for being on this list?
> No wonder we're driven to read the text, congregate on this list with o=
thers
of similar interests, and return time and time again to sit in the silver=
smoke . . . trying to imagine what it was really like and trying to imagi=
ne if
we would have the courage to paddle across . . . pack in . . . read the s=
ign,
and make the sacrifice.
> =
> Salute.
> =
> Laura =
- -------------------------------
Buck <buck.conner@uswestmail.net> wrote:
This is what "living history" is, experiencing as close as possible the l=
ife
styles, the period and the equipage used in that given period that we eac=
h
research...............
Team work is a big factor now and it was for our forefathers, don't go of=
f
blindly into the unknown, do as much research as possible as a
team...........
Later,
Buck =
- -------------------------------
Laura,
Never offer this guy a "stipend", who knows where that would go, like he =
said
and I have heard him many times tell groups when presenting information a=
t a
meeting, conv., etc. =
"Thousands of dollars are spent on clothing, weapons and camp equipment b=
y the
living history buff, when going into his camp at night we find him eating=
"junk food" missing out on the 'total experience'. This isn't true with a=
ll,
but to many that talk the talk, they need to work on this area to be able=
to
walk the walk also."
Sad but true to so many, but thanks to Clark & Sons Mercantile, Goose Bay=
Workshops, Blue Heron Mercantile and a few others things are changing in =
the
right direction. These gentlemen have spent 100's of hours in teaching an=
d
spreading the word on edibles.
Like you have stated Laura, "return time and time again to sit in the sil=
ver
smoke . . . trying to imagine what it was really like and trying to imagi=
ne if
we would have the courage to paddle across . . . pack in . . . read the s=
ign,
and make the sacrifice." this is what we are trying for.
Had a good drive in from Green Mountain, Colorado to cenral Pennsylvania,=
