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MOTOR.MCQ
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1993-08-06
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D:Created 14.48 06/08/1993
D:Subject : Physiology
D:Topic : Motor system
D:Level : Moderate
D:
D:Authors : Department of Physiology
D: The University
D: Leeds LS2 9NQ
I:MCQ SB 1
G:3
G:1:Dental Students
Q:1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12
G:2:Medical Students
Q:1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12
G:3:Science Students
Q:1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12
T:A
L:2
#:1
G: 10464 1 2 3 10464 10464 10464 10464 10464 10464
S:1
:pyramidal system is made up of two tracts, of these:
B:N:5
B:1:T:1
:the lateral corticospinal tract decussates in the brainstem
B:2:F:1
:the ventral corticospinal tract decussates in the brainstem
B:3:T:1
:the motor cortex lies on the precentral gyrus, and
B:4:F:1
:when stimulated causes contractions of ipsilateral muscle groups
B:5:T:2
:in higher primates motor neurones receive direct synaptic inputs
:from the corticospinal tracts
F:1
:No explanation available.
E:------
#:2
G: 10464 1 2 3
S:2
:Supraspinal descending control of somatic muscle tone is
:mediated by direct connections from:
B:N:5
B:1:T:1
:the sensorimotor cortex
B:2:F:1
:the cerebellum
B:3:F:1
:the basal ganglia
B:4:T:1
:the vestibular nuclei
B:5:T:1
:the medullary reticular formation
F:7
:The somatic motoneurones receive descending inputs from the
:brainstem and the cerebral cortex, but not from the cerebellum, or the
:basal ganglia. The reticular formation of the medulla, pons and midbrain,
:and the vestibular nuclei are the main brainstem areas. The midline
:medullary reticular formation inhibits muscle tone, and the pontine
:reticular formation and the vestibular increase it; effects of the
:sensorimotor cortex are to inhibit muscle tone.
E:------
#:3
G: 10464 1 2 3
S:1
:The pyramidal system is made up of two tracts, of these:
B:N:5
B:1:T:1
:the lateral corticospinal tract decussates in the brainstem
B:2:F:1
:the ventral corticospinal tract decussates in the brainstem
B:3:T:1
:the motor cortex lie on the precentral gyrus, and
B:4:F:1
:when stimulated causes contractions of ipsilateral muscle groups
B:5:T:2
:in higher primates motor neurones receive direct synaptic inputs
:from the corticospinal tracts
F:1
:No explanation available.
E:------
#:4
G: 10464 1 2 3
S:2
:The pyramidal tract:
:
B:N:5
B:1:T:1
:originates from the precentral gyrus
B:2:T:1
:originates from the postcentral gyrus
B:3:F:1
:is so-named because its cell bodies are pyramidal in shape
B:4:T:1
:is concerned with the fine control of movements
B:5:T:1
:contains a somatotopic representation of body musculature
F:4
:The pyramidal tract is so-named because it runs through the
:medullary pyramids. The cells of origin are pyramidal neurones in the
:pre- and post central gyri and other areas of the cerebral cortex. The
:pyramidal tract is concerned with representation in this system.
E:------
#:5
G: 10464 1 2 3
S:2
:Supraspinal descending control of somatic muscle tone is
:mediated by direct connections from:
B:N:5
B:1:T:1
:the sensorimotor cortex
B:2:F:1
:the cerebellum
B:3:F:1
:the basal ganglia
B:4:T:1
:the vestibular nuclei
B:5:T:1
:the medullary reticular formation
F:1
:No explanation available
E:------
#:6
G: 10464 1 2 3
S:1
:Consider the origin of tone in skeletal muscle:
B:N:5
B:1:F:1
:pyramidal tract lesions increase muscle tone
B:2:F:1
:destruction of the cerebellum inhibits tone
B:3:T:2
:stretch reflexes plays an important role in the generation of muscle
:tone
B:4:F:1
:the medial medullary reticular formation facilitates muscle tone
B:5:T:2
:gamma efferent activity plays an important role in the hypertonus of
:decerebrate rigidity.
F:1
:No explanation available
E:------
#:7
G: 10464 1 2 3
S:1
:Concerning the maintenance of posture:
B:N:5
B:1:T:2
:the myotatic reflex is mediated by muscle spindle primary afferent
:fibres
B:2:F:1
:the myotatic reflex is polysynaptic
B:3:T:1
:the inverse myotatic reflex is mediated by Golgi tendon organs
B:4:T:1
:the inverse myotatic reflex is polysynaptic
B:5:F:1
:all flexor reflexes are monosynaptic
F:1
:No explanation available.
E:------
#:8
G: 10464 1 2 3
S:1
:Concerning the maintenance of posture:
B:N:5
B:1:T:1
:postsynaptic inhibition is an example of neuronal convergence
B:2:F:1
:presynaptic inhibition is less selective than postsynaptic inhibition
B:3:F:1
:muscle spindles lie in series with extrafusal muscle fibres
B:4:T:1
:muscle spindles are sensitive to muscle length
B:5:F:1
:Golgi tendon organs lie in parallel with muscle fibres
F:1
:No explanation available.
E:------
#:9
G: 10464 1 2 3
S:1
:In the motor system:
B:N:5
B:1:F:2
:the ventral corticospinal tract decussates at the pyramidal
:decussation
B:2:T:2
:cortical efferent zones are arranged in columns perpendicular to the
:surface of the cortex
B:3:T:2
:primate alpha motor neurones receive direct synaptic inputs from the
:corticospinal tracts
B:4:F:1
:individual somatic muscles are not under direct voluntary control
B:5:T:1
:the primary motor cortex is somatotypically organised
F:1
:No explanation available.
E:------
#:10
G: 10464 1 2 3
S:1
:In the motor system:
B:N:5
B:1:F:1
:the red nucleus gives rise to the reticulospinal tract
B:2:F:1
:the medial vestibulospinal tract receives inputs from the cochlea
B:3:T:1
:the cerebellar cortex is somatotopically organised
B:4:F:1
:the cerebellar cortex is made up of seven layers
B:5:T:1
:the cerebellar cortex only has outputs via the Purkinje cell axons
F:1
:No explanation available.
E:------
#:11
G: 10464 1 2 3
S:2
:The following are correct statements about conditions that give
:rise to involuntary movements:
B:N:5
B:1:T:1
:a tremor at rest is commonly due to a lesion in the basal ganglia
B:2:T:2
:a tremor which starts during voluntary movement is commonly due to a
:cerebellar lesion
B:3:T:2
:flexor spasms in paraplegics are one sign of the reflex
:hyperexcitability that follows cord transection
B:4:F:2
:shivering is a skeletal muscle movement generated by the sympathetic
:nervous system
B:5:F:2
:Parkinsonism is associated with a depletion of 5-hydroxytryptamine
:in the substantia nigra
F:10
:Lesions of the basal ganglia and substantia nigra can give rise to
:somatic movements at rest. The tremor of Parkinson's disease is one
:example, but extreme movements involving proximal joints in the limb
:(hemiballismus) can also arise from basal ganglia lesions. The tremor of
:cerebellar disease is unlike that of Parkinsonism in that it is
:associated with voluntary movement, i.e., it is an "intention tremor".
:Other involuntary movements can arise from the hypothalamus (i.e.
:shivering) or the spinal cord (e.g. the flexor spasms of paraplegics.
:Parkinsonism is associated with a loss of dopamine from the substantia
:nigra.
E:------
#:12
G: 10464 1 2 3
S:1
:The pyramidal tract divides into two branches:
B:N:5
B:1:T:1
:the lateral cortico-spinal tract decussates in the medulla
B:2:F:1
:the anterior cortico-spinal tract decussates in the brainstem
B:3:T:2
:in primates, these axons have direct synaptic contact with
:motoneurones
B:4:F:1
:axons in both branches terminate ipsilaterally in the spinal cord
B:5:F:1
:axons of one branch terminate ipsilaterally in the spinal cord
F:5
:90 percent of pyramidal tract axons decussate in the medulla to run
:in the lateral columns of the spinal cord. The remainder continue
:ipsilaterally in the ventral columns, and eventually cross over near
:their terminations. All axons have a crossed relationship between the
:cortex and the spinal cord.
E:------
::