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6. Recommendation G.708
NETWORK NODE INTERFACE FOR THE SYNCHRONOUS DIGITAL HIERARCHY
The CCITT,
considering
(a) that Network Node Interface (NNI) specifications are neces-
sary to enable interconnection of synchronous digital network
elements for transport of payloads, including digital signals of
the asynchronous hierarchy defined in Recommendation G.702;
(b) that Recommendation G.707 describes the advantages offered by
a synchronous digital hierarchy and multiplexing method and spec-
ifies a set of synchronous digital hierarchy bit rates;
(c) that Recommendation G.709 specifies the multiplexing struc-
tures;
(d) that Recommendations G.707, G.708 and G.709 form a coherent
set of specifications for the synchronous digital hierarchy and
NNI;
(e) that Recommendation G.802 specifies the interworking between
networks based on different asynchronous digital hierarchies and
speech encoding laws,
recommends
that the frame structure for multiplexed digital signals at the
network node interface of a synchronous digital network including
ISDN should be as described in this Recommendation.
1. Location of NNI
Figure 1.1/G.708 gives a possible network configuration to illus-
trate the location of network node interface specified in this
Recommendation.
2. Basic multiplexing principle and multiplexing elements
2.1 General
Frame structures and overheads in this document are mainly in the
context of circuit mode connection types rather than Asynchronous
Transfer Mode (ATM). ATM based multiplexing principles are under
study.
Figure 2.1/G.708 shows the relationship between various multi-
plexing elements that are defined below, and illustrates possible
multiplexing structures.
Figures 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4/G.708 are examples of how various signals
are multiplexed using these multiplexing elements.
Details of the multiplexing method and mappings are given in Rec-
ommendation G.709.
Note - When signals at bit rates of the various multiplexing ele-
ments of the synchronous digital hierarchy (Recommendations
G.707, G.708, G.709) are different from existing hierarchy levels
in Recommendation G.702, the signals are not required to be trans-
ported via digital networks which are in line with Recommendation
G.702.
2.2 Definitions
1) Container: C-n (n=1-4)
This element is a defined unit of payload capacity which is
sized to carry any of the levels currently defined in Recom-
mendation G.702 and may also provide capacity for carriage of
broadband signals which are not yet defined.
2) Virtual Container: VC-n
Two types of virtual containers have been identified:
- Basic Virtual Container: VC-n (n=1,2)
This element comprises a single C-n (n=1,2) plus the
basic virtual container path overhead (POH) appro-
priate to that level.
- Higher Order Virtual Container: VC-n (n=3,4)
This element comprises a single C-n (n=3,4), an
assembly of tributary unit groups (TUG-2s) or an
assembly of TU-3s, together with virtual container
POH appropriate to that level.
3) Tributary Unit: TU-n (n=1-3)
This element consists of a virtual container plus a tributary
unit pointer. A tributary unit pointer indicates the phase
alignment of the virtual container (VC-n) with respect to the
POH of the next higher level virtual containers in which it
resides. The tributary unit pointer location is fixed with
respect to this higher level POH.
In certain applications (for example, synchronous mapping
providing direct observability of 64 kbit/s channels) the
basic virtual container has a fixed phase-alignment with
respect to the higher level virtual container. In this case,
the basic virtual container (VC-1) POH and TU-1 pointer are
null.
4) Tributary Unit Group: TUG-2
This element consists of a homogeneous assembly of identical
TU-n (n=1,2).
5) Administrative Unit: AU-n (n=3,4)
This element consists of a VC-n (n=3,4) plus an administra-
tive
unit pointer. An administrative unit pointer indicates the
phase alignment of the VC-n (n=3,4) with respect to the STM-1
frame. The administrative unit pointer location is fixed with
respect to the STM-1 frame.
6) Synchronous Transport Module level 1: STM-1
This element is the basic building block of the synchronous
digital hierarchy and it comprises either one AU-4 or multi-
ple AU-3s, together with section overhead (SOH).
7) Synchronous Transport Module level N: STM-N
This element defines the N-th level of the synchronous-digi-
tal
hierarchy and contains N synchronously multiplexed STM-1 sig-
nals.
The STM-N-signal can be obtained via single or multiple stage
multiplexing.
Values of N correspond to the synchronous digital hierarchy levels
given in Recommendation G.707.
3. Frame structure
3.1 Level 1 - 155 520 kbit/s (STM-1)
3.1.1 Basic frame structure
Frame structure is shown in Figure 3.1/G.708. The three main areas
of the STM-1 frame are indicated:
- section overhead;
- AU pointers;
- STM-1 payload.
3.1.2 Section overhead
Rows 1-3 and 5-9 of columns 1-9 of the STM-1 in Figure 3.1/G.708
are dedicated to the section overhead.
The allocation of section overhead capacity and functions is given
in Figure 3.4a/G.708. An explanation of the overhead functions is
given in
section 5.
3.1.3 Administrative unit (AU) pointers
Row 4 of columns 1-9 and row 1-3 of columns 11-14 in Figure 3.1/
G.708 are available for AU pointers. The positions of the pointers
of the AUs for different organizations of the STM-1 payload are
shown in Table 3.1/G.708.
The application of pointers and their detailed specifications are
given in Recommendation G.709.
3.1.4 Administrative units in the STM-1
The STM-1 payload can suppport the following types and numbers of
administrative units:
- one AU-4;
- or three AU-32s;
- or four AU-31s.
The VC-n associated with each AU-n does not have a fixed phase
with respect to the STM-1 frame. The location of the first byte of
the VC-n is indicated by the AU-n pointer. The AU-n pointer is in
a fixed location in the STM-1 frame as illustrated in Figures 2.2,
2.3, 2.4, 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3/G.708.
The AU-4 may be used to carry, via the VC-4, three TU-32s or four
TU-31s. This nested arrangement is illustrated in Figures 2.2 and
3.3/G.708. The VC-3 associated with each TU-3 does not have a
fixed phase relationship with respect to the start of the VC-4.
The TU-3 pointer is in a fixed location in the VC-4 and the loca-
tion of the first byte of the VC-3 is indicated by the TU-3
pointer (illustrated in Figures 2.2 and 3.3/G.708).
3.1.5 VC-4 and VC-3 path overheads
The allocation of the VC-4 and VC-3 path overhead capacity and
functions is given in Figure 3.4b/G.708. An explanation of the
overhead functions is given in section 5.
The position of the VC-4 and VC-3 path overhead is specified in
Recommendation G.709.
3.2 Level 4 - 622 080 kbit/s (STM-4)
This level is obtained by one byte interleaving four STM-1s as
illustrated in Figure 3.5/G.708.
The SOH of the STM-1s shall be 125 ╡s phase aligned prior to mul-
tiplexing such that the SOH of the STM-4 is contained in the first
36 columns. The AU pointer value(s) of each STM-1 is/are adjusted
to indicate the start of the VC(s) with respect to this new posi-
tion of the AU pointer(s) which is fixed relative to the STM-4
SOH.
4. Interconnection of STM-1s
The synchronous digital hierarchy, specified in Recommendations
G.707, G.708 and G.709 is designed to be universal allowing trans-
port of a large variety of signals including those specified in
Recommendation G.702.
However, there are a numebr of options for structuring an STM-1.
This section provides guidelines for the interconnection of STM-
1s. Two general cases are considered:
Case 1 - STM-1s having the same structure (detailed in section
4.1)
Case 2 - STM-1s having different structures (detailed in section
4.2).
4.1 Interconnection of STM-1s having the same structure
The interconnection unit used between STM-1s is the VC associated
with the AU. This arrangement is shown in Table 4.1i)/G.708.
4.2 Interconnection of STM-1s having different structures
In the case of STM-1s having different structures, the following
guidelines should be used to facilitate interconnection by a
bilateral agreement or to resolve the contention.
The method of interconnection between STM-1s having different
structures depends on whether the type of AU is different or
whether the type of TUG is different. The cases are considered in
three categories:
- different types of AU-3 carrying a C-3 payload;
- different types of AU carrying the same type of TUG-2;
- different types of TUG-2s.
4.2.1 Different types of AU-3s carrying a C-3 payload
For the interconnection of different types of AU-3s carrying a C-
3 payload, the C-3 payload is transferred from the AU-3 to a cor-
responding TU-3. This TU-3 is then assembled into a VC-4 using the
nested approach illustrated in Figure 3.3/G.708. This arrangement
is shown in Table 4.1ii)/G.708, and is intended to facilitate the
transit of C-3 in a VC-3 across a network which cannot support the
associated AU-3.
4.2.2 Different types of AU carrying the same type of TUG
For the interconnection of a different type of AU carrying the
same type of TUG-2, the TUG-2s are transferred between the dissim-
ilar AUs. In the absence of bilateral agreement on an AU-3 type,
the AU-4 shall be used. This arrangement is shown in Table
4.1iii)/G.708.
4.2.3 Different types of TUG-2s
For the interconnection of different types of TUG-2s, the TU-1s
are transferred from the TUG-22 to the TUG-21. The TUG-21 is used
as the interconnection unit. In the absence of bilateral agreement
on an AU-3 type, the TUG-21s are directly assembled into a VC-4.
This arrangement is shown in
Table 4.1iv)/G.708.
The method of interconnection between an AU-31 containing TUG-21s
and an AU-31 containing TUG-22s is for further study.
5. Overhead functions
5.1 Types of overhead
Several types of overhead have been identified for application in
the synchronous digital hierarchy.
1) Section overhead: SOH
Section overhead capacity is added to either an AU-4 or an
assembly of
AU-3s to create an STM-1. The content always includes STM-1
framing. Content representing section performance monitoring
and other maintenance and operational functions can be added
or modified without disassembly of the STM-1 as appropriate
for various configurations of elements (for example, interme-
diate regenerator monitoring, protection switching control).
2) Virtual container path overhead: POH
Virtual container path overhead provides for communication
between the point of assembly of a virtual container and its
point of disassembly. Two categories of virtual container
path overhead have been identified:
- Basic virtual container path overhead (VC-1,2 POH)
Basic virtual container POH is added to the container
(C-1,2) when the VC-1,2 is created. Among the functions
included in this overhead are virtual container path
performance monitoring, signals for maintenance purposes
and alarm status indications.
- Higher order virtual container path overhead (VC-3,4
POH)
VC-3 POH is added to either an assembly of TUG-2s or a
C-3
to form a VC-3. VC-4 POH is added to either an assembly
of TU-3s or a C-4 to form a VC-4. Among the functions
included within this overhead are virtual container path
performance monitoring, alarm status indications, sig-
nals for maintenance purposes and multiplex structure
indications (VC-3,4 composition).
The types of overhead described above and their applications are
shown in Figure 5.1/G.708.
5.2 Overhead descriptions
The location of the various section and VC-3,4 path overhead bytes
in the STM-1 frame is illustrated in Figure 3.4/G.708.
5.2.1 SOH byte descriptions
1) Framing: A1, A2
Six bytes are dedicated to each STM-1. The pattern shall be
A1A1A1A2A2A2 (A1=11110110, A2=00101000). These bytes shall be
provided in all STM-1 signals within an STM-N.
2) Data communication channels: D1 - D12
Twelve bytes are allocated for section data communication.
These
bytes are defined only for STM-1 #1 of an STM-N signal.
3) STM identifier: C1
This is a unique number assigned to an STM-1 prior to it
being multiplexed to a higher STM-N level. Upon demultiplexing,
this byte may be used to identify the position of any particular
STM-1 within the incoming STM-N signal.
4) Orderwire: E1, E2
These two bytes provide orderwire channels for voice
communication. These bytes are defined only for STM-1 #1 of
an STM-N signal.
5) User channel: F1
This byte is reserved for user purposes (for example, network
operations). This byte is defined only for STM-1 #1 of an
STM-N signal.
6) BIP-8: B1
One byte is allocated in each STM-1 for an elementary regen-
erator section bit error monitoring function. This function
shall be a
Bit Interleaved Parity 8 (BIP-8) code using even parity. The
BIP-8 is computed over all bits of the previous STM-N frame
after scrambling and is placed in byte B1 before scrambling.
(For details of the scrambling process, see Recommendation
G.709.) The B1 byte shall be monitored and recomputed at
every regenerator.
Note - Bit Interleaved Parity - N (BIP-N) code is defined as a
method of error monitoring. With even parity, an N bit code is
generated by the transmitting equipment over a specified portion
of the signal in such a manner that the first bit of the code pro-
vides even parity over the first bit of all N-bit sequences in the
covered portion of the signal, the second bit provides even parity
over the second bits of all N-bit sequences within the specified
portion, etc. Even parity is generated by setting the BIP-N bits
so that there are an even number of 1s in each of all N-bit
sequences including the BIP-N.
7) BIP-24: B2 x 3
Three bytes are allocated in each STM-1 for a section bit
error
monitoring function. This function shall be a Bit Interleaved
Parity 24 code (BIP-24) using even parity. The BIP-24 is com-
puted over all bits of the previous STM-1 frame except for
the first three rows of section overhead (A1 through D3) and
is placed in bytes B2 before scrambling. This parity code is
not recomputed at regenerators. These bytes shall be provided
in all STM-1 signals within an STM-N signal.
8) APS channel: K1, K2
Two bytes are allocated for Automatic Protection Switching
(APS)
signalling. These bytes are defined only for STM-1 #1 of an
STM-N signal.
9) Spare: Z1, Z2
Six bytes are allocated for functions not yet defined. These
bytes have no defined value. These bytes are reserved in all
STM-1s of an STM-N.
5.2.2 AU pointer descriptions
1) Pointer value
Two bytes are allocated for a pointer which indicates the
offset
in bytes between the pointer and the first byte of the asso-
ciated virtual container POH. For a complete specification
and location of these bytes, see Recommendation G.709.
(2) Pointer action
Three pointer action bytes are allocated in an AU-4 for fre-
quency
justification purposes. One pointer action byte is allocated
for AU-3s and TU-ns. For complete specification of these
bytes, refer to
Recommendation G.709.
In the event of a negative justification, they carry valid infor-
mation.
5.2.3 VC-n (n=3,4) POH byte descriptions
1) Path BIP-8: B3
One byte is allocated in each virtual container for a path
bit error
monitoring function. This function shall be a BIP-8 code
using even parity. The BIP-8 is computed over all bits of the
previous container and is placed in the B3 byte.
2) Path status: G1
One byte is allocated to return the VC-n path terminating
status
performance information to the VC-n path originating point.
3) Signal label: C2
One byte is allocated to indicate the composition of the VC-n
payload.
4) VC-n path-user channel: F2
One byte is allocated for user communication purposes.
5) VC-n path trace: J1
This byte is used at the VC-n termination point to verify the
VC-n path connection.
6) Spare: Z3 - Z5
Three bytes are allocated for as yet undefined purposes.
7) Multiframe indicator: H4
This byte is allocated to provide a multiframe indication,
when
required.
8) Physical specification of the NNI
Specification for physical, electrical or optical character-
istics of the NNI will be contained in another Recommendation which
is under study.
TABLE 3.1/G.708
Position of AU pointers
+ûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûû+ûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûû+
_ AU _ Position of AU Pointer _
+ûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûû+ûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûû+
_ 31 _ Area A and B _
+ûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûû+ûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûû+
_ 32 _ Area A _
+ûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûû+ûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûû+
_ 4 _ Area A _
+ûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûû+ûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûûû+