The more I reflected on our current crises, the more I recognized that they were all human-caused. To the extent they were human-caused, then to that extent their causes were to be sought in human behavior and in the psychological forces—the desires, defenses, phobias, and fantasies—that motivated that behavior. In other words, the roots of our dilemmas were largely psychological. The dilemmas themselves could therefore be seen as symptoms: global symptoms of our collective psychological disturbances.