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help.txt
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1991-09-10
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; Written by Ted Uhlemann (iczer) summer of 1991
this file lists some of the more commonly used programs on the sdf. and gives
the basic syntax and a short description for each.
name description
cat [file(s)] (short for conCATenate). types file[s] to STDOUT.
if no file is specified, cat reads from STDIN.
(try the "more" and "less" pagers, too.)
ls [-?] [dir] (short for LiSt). lists files in a directory. if
no directory is specified, ls lists the current one.
commonly-used options are:
-a lists All files, including 'hidden' dot files.
-l gives a Long listing, including permissions,
owners, size, and mod date for each file.
-C puts listing into Collumns.
-F puts '*' beside executables, and '/' beside dirs.
cd [dir] (short for Change Directory). changes to another
directory. directories in a full pathname are
separated by a '/' (e.g. /usr/games). if no directory
is specified, cd takes you to $HOME.
(the 'pwd' command will give you the path to your
current working directory.)
who [-?] tells WHO is currently logged into the system.
last [#] gives a listing of the LAST '#' logins.
finger [name(s)] get information on a specified user (names can be
login OR real. partials OK too).
ps [-?] (short for Process Status). tells what processes are
currently running on the system. without any options.
gives only the processes originated from your terminal.
commonly-used options are:
-ef gives Extended and Full listing of all processes
running on system.
write [user] initiates a real-time chat with another user on the
system. the other user must write you back
to send messages to your terminal.
(you may also want to try 'rt', 'phone', and 'talk'.)
mail [user(s)]@sys]] sends mail to specifed users(s). if "@sys" is appended
to the user's name, mail is sent to the user at system
'sys'.
('mailx' and 'elm' are two other mail programs on-line.)
rn [-?] [group(s)] (Read News) reads usenet news articles
specified group(s), or, if non are specified, uses
the ".newsrc" in your home directory. a quick rn
command reference is located in /usr/pub/Unix.
(the newsreaders "trn" and "nn" are also available)
mkacct makes a new account on the system. please explore the
system under the 'new' account before worrying about
creating your own.
passwd creates or changes the password on your login.
uudecode [file(s)] decode uuencoded files, such as those found in the
binaries and pictures newsgroups, into their original
binary format. uudecode will often choke if header/
trailer text is left in the file, which is where a
handly little script called 'unpost' comes in. the
following command line will convert most uuencoded
articles perfectly: "unpost [file] \! uudecode"
sz/sx/sb [file(s)] Send specified file(s) with Zmodem/Xmodem/Ymodem Batch
protocol.
rz/rx/rb [file(s)] Receive specified file(s) with Zmodem/Xmodem/Ymodem
Batch protocol.
mv [file1] to [file2] MoVes file1 to file2.
cp [file1] to [file2] makes a CoPy of file1 in file2.
rm [file(s)] ReMove specified files from the file system.
(games) some of the games we currently have installed are:
tetrix (tetris over modem! whee! ..type 'tetrix 1000'
if it's too fast for your terminal)
mazewar (multi-player hunt & shoot)
gnuchess
gnugo (on-line Go)
nethack (nethack 3.0. yea! you may need to fix your
NETHACKOPTIONS environment variable to get it
working on your terminal)
tinymud (take a look at /usr/pub/Unix/tiny.docs)
conquest(mail hutto for info)
(editors) some of our currently available editors are:
vi (Unix's VIsual editor - a tutorial program
is available, too. type 'vitutor'.)
ed/ex (line editors)
uemacs (MicroEMACS)
(software development) we have a complete C programming environment online,
including the standard SysV compiler, GNU C, GNU C++
and many miscellaneous tools:
cc (standard System V compiler)
gcc (GNU C compiler)
g++ (GNU C++ compiler)
make (build from a Makefile)
lex, yacc, bison, lint, cb
(misc. tools)
(note: if at some point you find yourself stuck inside a program, you can
usually escape by hitting your delete key (the INTERRUPT signal).
also, many programs will use Ctrl-D (the end-of-file character) as a
means of ending input, such as the 'mail' program.)
on-line manual pages are available on most of these topics. type
'man [program]' for more information on any of them. for a general
introduction to UNIX, read /usr/pub/Unix/unix.help. an extended list
of commands is available in /usr/pub/Unix/prg-list.