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- NET_12.TXT
- ISOLATED BACKBONE TRUNKS
- ------------------------
-
- The ideal backbone trunk will have infinite capacity and be collision-free.
- The collision-free requirement can be achieved. Anything approaching infinite
- capacity would require microwave or fiber optic resources beyond our present
- reach. Looking at economics of equipment availability and what present
- technology allows, we'll have to be satisfied with a lesser circuit capability.
-
- Several arrangements are superior to the simplex backbone trunk commonly used.
- One such is isolated simplex links. With isolated simplex links, there are
- only two radios on a link frequency. This is accomplished by pairing up a set
- of radios on a different band for each link in the network.
-
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- ISOLATED SIMPLEX BACKBONE TRUNKING SCHEME
-
-
- NODE A NODE B NODE C NODE D NODE E
- ====== ====== ====== ====== ======
- 51.89 <---------> 51.89 51.97 <-------> 51.97 51.82
- 446.1 <--------> 446.1 446.3 <--------> 446.3)
-
-
- Figure 12-1
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Figure 12-1 avoids collisions from adjacent node transmitters. For instance,
- NODE C is frequency isolated from nodes A and E. Probability of collisions
- between NODE B to NODE C and NODE C to NODE D are minimal if DCDs are working
- correctly. The 51 and 446 MHz pairing reserves the option of using 145 and 223
- MHz for LANs.
-
-
- The next configuration upgrade is to a half-duplex isolated backbone trunk.
- Advantages include zero probability of collisions and is easily upgraded to
- full-duplex.
-
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- ISOLATED HALF-DUPLEX BACKBONE TRUNKING SCHEME
-
- NODE A NODE B NODE C NODE D NODE E
- ====== ====== ====== ====== ======
- 446.2 tx ------> 446.2 rx 446.4 tx -----> 446.4 rx
- 441.2 rx <------ 441.2 tx 441.4 rx <----- 441.4 tx
- 441.3 tx ------> 441.3 rx 441.5 tx ----> 441.5 rx
- 446.3 rx <------ 446.3 tx 446.5 rx <---- 446.5 tx
-
- Figure 12-2
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- The isolated half-duplex configuration is an excellent choice for a cost-
- effective backbone. High gain beams can be used at 440 MHz to restrict pattern
- coverage away from distant nodes which may be reusing the frequency. Also, a
- reasonable balance between transmitter powers and antenna gains can be achieved
- in order to meet the 40 dB or better, fade margin requirements. The ultimate
- upgrade to full-duplex can be done on a link by link basis by the installation
- of either duplexers or two separate antennas.
-
-
- Since it emulates landline practice, the ultimate configuration is full-duplex.
- Isolated full-duplex links will yield the highest throughput. But operating
- in-band, as in the half-duplex example above, requires expensive duplexers.
- One way to get around the duplexer cost is to link cross-band full-duplex.
-
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- ISOLATED FULL-DUPLEX CROSS-BAND BACKBONE TRUNKING SCHEME
-
-
- NODE A NODE B NODE C NODE D
- ====== ====== ====== ======
- 147.5 TX ------------> 147.5 RX
- 446.1 RX <------------ 446.1 TX
- 147.52 RX <------- 147.52 TX
- 446.2 TX -------> 446.2 RX
- 147.54 TX -------> 147.54 RX
- 446.3 RX <------- 446.3 TX
- *Depending on geographical configuration, * 446.1 TX ---->
- there will be a point where frequency * 147.50 RX <----
- pairs can be reused.
-
- Figure 12-3
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- The frequencies in figure 12-3 were selected because they fall in the general
- portion of each band that's designated as simplex. Of course the actual
- frequencies used will need to be very carefully coordinated. With this
- configuration, repeater channels on either band, and which might be located at
- the site, should be able to co-exist. In case there are voice repeaters
- on-site, there may be a need to add cavity filters to the backbone trunk
- radios. In such situations, less costly cavities of the band-pass variety may
- provide adequate filtering.
-
- Note that the frequency pairing scheme in the example is such that dual
- receivers and dual transmitters in their respective bands are paired at each
- site. This is an interference avoidance technique. The main precaution in
- selecting transmitter frequencies is to avoid combinations that will result
- in a mix producing a receiver IF interference signal when two or more
- transmitters are keyed simultaneously.
-
- Advantages of 446/147 MHz cross-banding include the ability to use directional
- (higher gain) link antennas, availability of low-cost radios capable of 9600
- baud operation, and the convenience of adding 9600 baud LAN ports on 223 MHz
- without serious band/interference problems.
-
-
- The above configurations will be two to three times more expensive than a non-
- isolated simplex system, but the throughput rate will be five times greater
- than simplex, even at 1200 baud. Because of its non-self interfering
- configuration, higher data rates will be linearly reflected (minus node transit
- time, which is a constant) in throughput.
-