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OS/2 Help File
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1994-12-04
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441KB
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314,646 lines
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 1. 1 Introduction to the emx C Library Reference ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
emx 0.9a C Library Reference
Copyright (c) 1990-1994 by Eberhard Mattes
The following emx libraries are provided:
st/c
The single-thread C library. This library includes the standard C library
functions, Unix extensions and emx extensions. Only functions are
included which are common to all types of applications and DLLs. See also
c_app, c_dllnrt, c_dllrt, and c_dllso.
mt/c
The multithread C library. See library st/c. This library is used
instead of library st/c when using the -Zmt or -Zmts option.
st/c_app
This library is used in addition to st/c when building a single-thread
statically linked application.
mt/c_app
This library is used in addition to st/c when building a multithread
statically linked application.
c_dllrt
This library is used in addition to st/c when building a DLL without
runtime environment.
st/c_dllrt
This library is used in addition to st/c when building a single-thread
custom C runtime DLL.
mt/c_dllrt
This library is used in addition to mt/c when building a multithread
custom C runtime DLL.
st/c_dllso
This library is used in addition to mt/c when building a single-thread
stand-alone DLL. Such a DLL has its own runtime environment.
mt/c_dllso
This library is used in addition to mt/c when building a multithread
stand-alone DLL. Such a DLL has its own runtime environment.
st/c_import
Import library for emxlibcs.dll. This library is used instead of
libraries c, c_app, and gcc when using the -Zcrtdll option without the
-Zmt option.
mt/c_import
Import library for emxlibcm.dll. This library is used instead of
libraries c, c_app, and gcc when using the -Zcrtdll and -Zmt options (or
-Zmtd).
st/emx
System call interface to emx for single-thread programs. For instance,
this library translates the __open() system call to system call 0x2b of
emx. When using this library, emx.dll is required under OS/2. This
library is always required for DOS programs.
mt/emx
System call interface to emx for multithread programs. For instance, this
library translates the __open() system call to system call 0x2b of emx.
When using this library, emx.dll is required.
emx2
Import library for emx.dll. This library is used by libraries emx.a,
emx.lib, os2.a, and os2.lib (unless sys.lib is used, see -Zsys).
emxio
Import library for emxio.dll. When using hardware port I/O functions such
as _outp8() with non-standard libraries, you may have to use this library.
With the standard emx libraries, -lemxio is not required. -lemxio must
not be used if the program should also run under DOS.
g
Dummy debugging library. GCC uses -lg if -g is given on the command line.
gcc
Compiler helper functions for GCC. The functions of library gcc are
duplicated in emxlibcm.dll and emxlibcs.dll. As library gcc requires
functions from library c and library c requires functions from library
gcc, -lgcc must be given twice on the command line of the Unix-style
linker: -lgcc -lc -lgcc.
graph
Graphics library
m
Dummy math library. This library is provided for makefile compatibility;
it isn't required as the math functions are contained in library c.
moddef
Functions for reading module definition files. See _md_open() for
details. This library can be used for single-thread programs and
multithread programs.
omflib
Functions for reading and creating OMF (Object Module Formats) libraries,
that is, .lib files.
os2
Import library for OS/2 API. This library is not a pure import library,
it also contains static code for DosGetMessage and DosQueryMessageCP and
for the 32-bit wrappers. emx2.a, emx2.lib, or sys.lib is required by the
32-bit wrappers.
socket
Socket library.
st/sys
System call emulation library for single-thread programs. This library is
used instead of emx.a or emx.lib when creating stand-alone OS/2
applications (-Zsys). It is provided in OMF style only (st/sys.lib).
mt/sys
Multithread version of st/sys (see above). This library is provided in
OMF style only (mt/sys.lib). It is used instead of st/sys.lib when using
the -Zmt option.
video
Video library. This library contains the functions declared in
sys/video.h and sys/winmgr.h.
wrap
Import library for emxwrap.dll. Use this library (-lwrap) to reduce the
size of your executable file when using 16-bit OS/2 API functions. If you
don't use -lwrap, the wrapper functions are taken from library os2.
The following dynamic link libraries are provided:
emx.dll
This is the emx run-time support. The import library for emx.dll is emx2.
emxio.dll
Access to hardware ports. The import library for emxio.dll is emxio.
emxlibc.dll
Forwarder DLL. This DLL is provided to maintain compatibility of existing
applications using emxlibc.dll. Entry points are forwarded to
emxlibcm.dll.
emxlibcm.dll
Multithread emx C library. Contains all functions of the libraries mt/c,
mt/c_dllrt, and gcc. For compatibility with existing programs,
emxlibcm.dll contains dummy functions for port I/O, though these didn't
work in emxlibc.dll of emx 0.8e. The import library for emxlibcm.dll is
mt/c_import.
emxlibcs.dll
Single-thread emx C library. Contains all functions of the libraries
st/c, st/c_dllrt, and gcc. The import library for emxlibcs.dll is
st/c_import.
emxwrap.dll
32-bit wrappers for 16-bit OS/2 API functions. This DLL uses emx.dll.
The import library for emxwrap.dll is wrap. The functions contained in
emxwrap.dll are also available for static linking in library os2.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2. 2 Preliminary notes ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
o Daylight-saving time (summer time) is not implemented. This affects only
computation of GMT. If there are problems with the interpretation of the TZ
environment variable, use EMXTZ for emx programs. See tzset() for details.
Moreover, leap seconds are not implemented.
o Not all functions declared in the header files are implemented.
o By default, text mode is used for files. See fread() and fwrite() for
details. The default can be globally changed to binary mode by linking with
binmode.o or binmode.obj (-Zbin-files option of GCC).
o See the description of g_mode() for general information about the graphics
library.
o See the description of v_init() for general information about the video
library.
o See the description of wm_init() for general information about the window
manager functions.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3. 3 Header files ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
This section briefly describes the header files.
a_out.h
Contains definitions for the a.out file format (.o and executable files).
alloca.h
Makes the alloca() built-in function available.
ar.h
Contains definitions for the archive file format (.a files).
assert.h
Implements assertions for debugging.
conio.h
Defines getch() and getche() for porting MS-DOS programs.
ctype.h
Character classification macros and functions. Letter case conversion.
If you include this header file, you get the macro (and inline) versions
of the routines. Otherwise, you get the function versions.
curses.h
Declarations and definitions of the BSD curses screen library.
dirent.h
opendir() and friends. The functions declared in dirent.h are used to
read directories.
dos.h
Declares the _int86() function and associated structures.
errno.h
Declares the errno object and defines error code constants.
fcntl.h
Defines file mode constants such as O_RDONLY and other constants.
Declares the fcntl() and flock() functions. Includes sys/fcntl.h.
float.h
Floating point constants and functions like _control87().
fnmatch.h
Declares the fnmatch() function and defines constants for fnmatch().
ftw.h
File tree walk: ftw(). Apply a function to all files in a directory tree.
getopt.h
Declares getopt() for parsing command line options.
graph.h
Declares the emx graphics library functions and defines associated
constants.
grp.h
Declares the getgrgid() and getgrnam() functions and defines struct group.
ieee.h
Constants describing the IEEE floating point format used under emx.
io.h
Declares low-level I/O functions such as read().
limits.h
Data type limit constants.
locale.h
Localization. Declares localeconv(), setlocale(), struct lconv, and
constants.
malloc.h
Declares malloc() and friends: dynamic memory allocation.
math.h
Declares floating-point functions such as sin().
memory.h
Declares functions dealing with blocks of memory, such as memcpy().
os2.h
Include this header file to get all or part of the OS/2 constants, macros
and functions. Includes either os2emx.h or os2tk.h. Either change os2.h
or #define USE_OS2_TOOLKIT_HEADERS in your source file to use the header
files of the Programmer's Toolkit for OS/2 2.x (an IBM product).
os2emx.h
A subset of the OS/2 definitions and declarations. This header file is
included by os2.h unless you choose to use the header files of the
Programmer's Toolkit for OS/2 2.x (an IBM product).
os2thunk.h
Thunking support, included by os2.h. You don't have to include this
header file in your programs unless you want to create thunks without
including os2.h.
os2tk.h
Makes the header files of the Developer's Toolkit for OS/2 2.x usable for
emx and GCC.
process.h
Process handling. Includes sys/process.h to declare atexit(), exec*(),
exit(), _exit(), fork(), getpid(), getppid(), spawn*(), wait()} and
waitpid(). Defines constants for the spawn*() family of functions.
pwd.h
Password management.
setjmp.h
Defines jmp_buf and sigjmp_buf. Declares setjmp(), longjmp(),
sigsetjmp(), and siglongjmp().
sgtty.h
Empty file.
share.h
Constants for file sharing.
signal.h
Signal processing. Includes sys/signal.h.
stdarg.h
Functions with variable number of arguments -- ANSI version.
stddef.h
Various definitions.
stdio.h
Stream I/O library.
stdlib.h
Various library functions and global variables. Includes malloc.h.
string.h
String and memory buffer processing.
strings.h
This header file defines the BSD string and memory functions such as
bcopy() and includes string.h.
termcap.h
Terminal data base (FSF).
termio.h
Defines struct termio and constants for the general terminal interface
(System V variant). Includes sys/termio.h.
termios.h
Declares functions and defines struct termios and constants for the
general terminal interface (POSIX.1 variant).
time.h
Converting time values between various formats.
unistd.h
Various POSIX.1-related definitions and declarations.
varargs.h
Functions with variable number of arguments -- traditional Unix version.
sys/dir.h
Prerequisite header file: sys/types.h
Declares opendir() etc. and defines associated types and constants. You
should use dirent.h instead of sys/dir.h.
sys/dirent.h
Defines struct dirent and associated constants. This header file is used
by dirent.h, you don't have to include sys/dirent.h yourself.
sys/dirtree.h
Declares the emx directory tree functions and defines associated constants
and types.
sys/ea.h
Defines struct _ea and declares the emx functions for low-level extended
attributes handling, such as _ea_get(). See also sys/ead.h -- don't
confuse these two different approaches to extended attributes.
sys/ead.h
Declares the _ead type and the emx functions for high-level extended
attributes handling via `EA descriptors'. See also also sys/ea.h -- don't
confuse these two different approaches to extended attributes.
sys/emx.h
Defines and declares low-level emx constants, types, variables, and
functions. Application programs should never include this header file --
it's used for library modules only. When including this header file, it
must be included before any other header file.
sys/emxload.h
Declares the functions for keeping programs in memory.
sys/fcntl.h
Defines file mode constants such as O_RDONLY and other constants.
Declares the fcntl() and flock() functions. You should include fcntl.h
instead.
sys/file.h
This header file is provided for compatibility with Unix systems -- it
includes sys/fcntl.h.
sys/hw.h
Declares the emx port access and memory access functions.
sys/ioctl.h
Declares the ioctl() function and defines various constants to be used
with ioctl().
sys/ipc.h
This header file contains some definitions for System V IPC facilities.
However, these are not yet implemented in emx.
sys/kbdscan.h
Defines keyboard scan codes.
sys/moddef.h
Declares types and functions for reading module definition files.
sys/msg.h
This header file contains some definitions for System V message queues.
However, these are not yet implemented in emx.
sys/nls.h
Declares the emx national-language support functions.
sys/param.h
Defines constants such as MAXNAMLEN which describe system parameters.
sys/process.h
Process handling. Application programs should include process.h instead.
See process.h for details.
sys/ptrace.h
Declares the ptrace() function and defines associated constants.
sys/reg.h
Defines register offset constants. These are usually used with ptrace()
and for reading core dump files.
sys/resource.h
This header file is empty.
sys/signal.h
Functions and constants for signal processing. Application programs
should include signal.h instead.
sys/stat.h
Prerequisite header file: sys/types.h
Defines struct stat for stat() and fstat(). Defines S_IREAD, S_IWRITE and
S_IEXEC for open(). Defines S_IFCHR etc. constants and S_ISCHR etc.
macros for checking file types. Declares the stat() and fstat()
functions.
sys/statfs.h
Declares struct statfs -- which is not yet supported by emx.
sys/termio.h
Defines struct termio and constants for the general terminal interface
(System V variant).
sys/time.h
Declares utimes(), gettimeofday() and settimeofday().
sys/timeb.h
Declares ftime() and defines struct timeb.
sys/times.h
Prerequisite header file: time.h
Declares times() and defines struct tms.
sys/types.h
Defines various types such as ino_t for sys/stat.h. Defines the fd_set
type and macros (FD_SET etc.) for select().
sys/user.h
Declares struct user which is used by ptrace() and in core dump files.
See also sys/reg.h and sys/ptrace.h.
sys/utime.h
Declares utime() and defines struct utimbuf.
sys/utsname.h
Declares uname() and defines struct utsname.
sys/video.h
Declares the emx video library functions and defines associated constants.
sys/wait.h
Declares wait() and waitpid(). Defines constants and macros for using
these functions.
sys/winmgr.h
Declares the emx window manager library functions and the wm_handle type.
Defines window manager constants.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4. 4 Functions ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
The functions are listed almost alphabetically. Functions which are not
available or are limited with the system call library (-Zsys, sys.lib) are
marked * in the `Compatibility' section.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.1. abort() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void abort (void);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
abort() closes open streams and file handles, and aborts the process by
generating SIGABRT. The default action for SIGABRT is to display the message
Abnormal program termination
and dump core (for post mortem debugging) and terminate the process with
return code 3.
Return value:
abort() does not return.
Restrictions:
Currently, abort() does not deliver SIGABRT if SIGABRT is blocked.
See also: exit(), _exit(), raise(), sigaction(), signal()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.2. abs() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h> /* use this */
#include <math.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
int abs (int n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Return the absolute value of n: If n is negative, -n is returned. Otherwise,
n is returned. In-line code is generated for this function.
Return value:
abs() returns the absolute value of its argument.
See also: fabs(), labs()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.3. _abspath() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int _abspath (char *dst, const char *src, int size);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Construct an absolute path name for the file name or directory name pointed to
by src. The absolute path name is written to the array pointed to by dst. It
is assumed that there are size bytes available at dst, this includes the
terminating null character. If there is an error, -1 is returned. If
_abspath() succeeds, 0 is returned. If size is too small, errno is set to
ERANGE and -1 is returned. dst can be identical to src. Backslashes are
translated into forward slashes. The absolute path name is not translated to
lower case. If the string pointed to by src ends with a slash or backslash,
the string pointed to by dst will end with a slash.
_abspath() works with non-existing paths: it accesses the appropriate drive
only for finding out the current working directory if necessary.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
See also: _fnisabs(), _fnisrel(), _fullpath()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.4. access() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <io.h>
Prototype:
int access (const char *name, int mode);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Check whether mode access is allowed for the file or directory whose name is
in the string pointed to name. If mode is F_OK (0), access() checks only for
existence of the file or directory. If mode is W_OK (2), access() checks for
write permission. If mode is R_OK (4), access() checks for read permission
(always granted under DOS and OS/2 if the file exists). If mode is R_OK|W_OK
(6), access() checks for read and write permission.
Return value:
access() returns 0 if the file or directory is accessible in mode mode.
Otherwise, access() set errno and returns -1.
Errors:
EACCES Access to the file or directory is not permitted
ENAMETOOLONG The file or directory name is too long
ENOENT The file or directory does not exist
Restrictions:
access() does not work with devices (errno is set to ENOENT). X_OK is
ignored.
See also: open(), stat()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.5. alarm() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
unsigned alarm (unsigned sec);
Compatibility:
UNIX *
Description:
Cause SIGALRM to be generated after sec seconds have expired. alarm() returns
immediately after setting the alarm clock. There is only one alarm clock;
when calling alarm() while the alarm clock is running the time will be reset
to the new value. If sec is zero, the alarm clock will be stopped. Under
DOS, SIGALRM is not delivered until return from DOS if the timer expired
during a DOS call.
In a multithread process, there's a single alarm clock which can be set from
all the threads. SIGALRM is always generated and delivered in the main thread
(thread 1).
Return value:
alarm() returns the number of seconds remaining on the alarm clock before
setting the new value.
Restrictions:
When using the system call library sys.lib (-Zsys), alarm() is not available.
See also: raise(), sigaction(), signal(), sleep(), _sleep2()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.6. alloca() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <alloca.h>
Prototype:
void *alloca (size_t n);
Description:
Allocate n bytes from the current stack frame. The memory space allocated by
alloca() will be freed on exit from the current function. Do not pass the
pointer returned by alloca() to free().
This note applies only if you need stack probes (-mprobe option of GCC):
If alloca() with constant argument occurs in the first statement of a function
with less than 4096 bytes of local data or if two calls to alloca() with
constant arguments occur twice in a row without accessing the memory pointed
to by the return value of the first call, you have to change your code to make
GCC generate correct stack probes. This can be done by storing a dummy value
to the return value of alloca(). Example:
p = alloca (0xf00);
{char *fix=alloca (0); *fix = 0;}
q = alloca (0xf00);
Return value:
alloca() returns a pointer to a block of memory in the stack.
See also: malloc(), _tmalloc()
Example:
void test (void)
{
char local[0xf00], *p;
{char *fix=alloca (0); *fix = 0;}
p = alloca (0xf00);
/*...*/
}
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.7. asctime() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <time.h>
Prototype:
char *asctime (const struct tm *t);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the time and date in the structure pointed to by t to a string. A
pointer to the string is returned. There is only one memory location for the
ctime() and asctime() results, a call to ctime() or asctime() overwrites the
result of a previous calls to ctime() or asctime(). As localtime() is called
by ctime(), the memory location shared by localtime(), gmtime(), and mktime()
is overwritten. The string looks like
"Sun Mar 22 22:59:18 1992\n"
with a terminating null character. All fields have fixed width.
Return value:
asctime() returns a pointer to a string containing the textual representation
of its argument.
See also: ctime()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.8. acos(), asin(), atan(), atan2(), _acosl(), _asinl(), _atanl() and _atan2l() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <math.h>
Prototypes:
double acos (double x);
double asin (double x);
double atan (double x);
double atan2 (double y, double x);
long double _acosl (long double x);
long double _asinl (long double x);
long double _atanl (long double x);
long double _atan2l (long double y, long double x);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Compute the arc sine, arc cosine and arc tangent of x, respectively. atan2()
computes the arctangent of y/x, using the signs of y and x to determine the
quadrant. If x is outside [-1,1], asin() and acos() return #NAN and set errno
to EDOM.
_acosl(), _asinl(), _atanl() and _atan2l() use the long double format and are
emx-specific functions.
Return value:
acos(), asin(), atan() and atan2() return the arc sine, arc cosine or arc
tangent, respectively, of their argument. These functions return #NAN on
error.
See also: cos(), sin(), tan()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.9. assert() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <assert.h>
Prototype:
void assert (int exp);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
If the preprocessor macro NDEBUG is defined at the time assert.h is included,
assert() does nothing. Otherwise, if exp is zero, the message
Assertion failed: exp, file file, line line
is displayed and the program is aborted by calling abort(). exp, file and
line are replaced with exp (as text), the source file name and the source line
number, respectively. If exp is non-zero, nothing is done.
See also: abort()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.10. atexit() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int atexit (void (*func)(void));
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
The function func will be called when the process is terminated. The last
function installed by calling atexit() will be called first. Up to 32
functions can be installed.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
See also: abort(), exit(), _exit()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.11. atof(), atoi(), atol(), _atold() and _atoll() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h> /* alternate include file for atof() */
Prototypes:
double atof (const char *string);
int atoi (const char *string);
long atol (const char *string);
long double _atold (const char *string);
long long _atoll (const char *string);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the textual representation of a number in the string pointed to by
string to a number. Leading whitespace is ignored. If the string cannot be
converted, 0 (or 0.0) is returned. The value of errno is not reliable.
The decimal point character of the current locale is used by atof() and
_atold().
_atold() uses the long double format and is not an ANSI function. _atoll()
uses the long long format and is not an ANSI function.
Return value:
These functions return their argument as number. They return 0 (or 0.0) on
error.
See also: _ltoa(), scanf(), setlocale(), strtod(), strtol()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.12. bcmp() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <strings.h>
Prototype:
int bcmp (const void *buffer1, const void *buffer2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
BSD
Description:
Compare the first n bytes at buffer1 to the first n bytes at buffer2. If the
two buffers are identical (or if n is zero), 0 is returned. Otherwise, a
non-zero value is returned.
Return value:
0 the buffers are identical
non-0 the buffers are different
See also: memcmp()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.13. bcopy() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <strings.h>
Prototype:
void bcopy (const void *src, void *dst, size_t n);
Compatibility:
BSD
Description:
Copy memory. Copy n bytes from src to dst. The two regions may overlap.
See also: memmove()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.14. _beginthread() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int _beginthread (void (*start)(void *arg), void *stack, unsigned stack_size,
void *arg_list);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Start a thread. start is the start address (a function). arg_list will be
passed in the arg parameter of the start function. stack is ignored, using
NULL is recommended. stack_size is the size of the stack for the new thread.
When the start function returns, the thread is terminated by an automatic call
to _endthread(). A thread can also terminate itself by calling _endthread().
If successful, _beginthread() returns the thread ID. On error, _beginthread()
sets errno and returns -1. The stack allocated for the new thread is
completely committed, that is, stack probes are not required.
Do not start a thread with DosCreateThread unless it doesn't call C library
functions.
Return value:
_beginthread() returns the thread ID of the new thread. It returns -1 on
error.
Restrictions:
_beginthread() is available only when linking with multithread libraries
(-Zmt, -Zmts, or -Zmtd).
See also: _endthread(), _threadid, _threadstore()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.15. brk() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *brk (void *addr);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Change the end address of the data segment to addr. On success, brk() returns
0, cast as pointer. Otherwise, -1 cast as pointer is returned and errno set
to ENOMEM. Please don't use brk() -- use malloc() instead for memory
allocation.
Return value:
(void *)0
success
(void *)-1
error
See also: malloc(), sbrk(), ulimit()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.16. bsearch() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *bsearch (const void *key, const void *base, size_t num, size_t width,
int (*compare)(const void *key, const void *element));
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Perform a binary search on the sorted array base to find key. The array has
num elements of size width bytes each. bsearch() calls compare to compare an
array element pointed to by element with key. compare should return 0 if key
and element are equal; a negative value, if key is smaller than element; a
positive value if key is greater than element with respect to the sorting
order of base. If there are multiple occurrences of key in base, bsearch()
returns a pointer to any one of the entries. If base is not sorted, bsearch()
does not work.
Return value:
bsearch() returns a pointer to an occurrence of key in the array. If key is
not found, bsearch() returns NULL.
See also: qsort()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.17. bzero() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <strings.h>
Prototype:
void bzero (void *buffer, size_t n);
Compatibility:
BSD
Description:
Set n bytes at buffer to 0.
See also: calloc(), memset()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.18. calloc() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *calloc (size_t elements, size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding elements elements of size
bytes each. calloc() fills the block with 0x00 bytes. If there is an error,
calloc() returns NULL.
Return value:
calloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
calloc() returns NULL.
See also: free(), malloc(), _tcalloc()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.19. cbrt() and _cbrtl() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <math.h>
Prototypes:
double cbrt (double x);
long double _cbrtl (long double x);
Description:
Compute the cube root of x. This is done by calling pow() and adjusting the
sign.
_cbrtl() uses the long double format and is an emx-specific function.
Return value:
cbrt() returns the cube root of its argument.
See also: pow(), sqrt()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.20. ceil() and _ceill() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <math.h>
Prototypes:
double ceil (double x);
long double _ceill (long double x);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Compute the smallest integer that is greater than or equal to x (round up).
_ceill() uses the long double format and is an emx-specific function.
Return value:
ceil() returns as floating-point number the smallest integer that is greater
than or equal to x.
See also: floor(), rint(), trunc()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.21. cfgetispeed() and cfgetospeed() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <termios.h>
Prototypes:
speed_t cfgetispeed (const struct termios *ptermios);
speed_t cfgetospeed (const struct termios *ptermios);
Compatibility:
POSIX.1 *
Description:
cfgetispeed() returns the input bit rate stored in the structure pointed to by
ptermios.
cfgetospeed() returns the output bit rate stored in the structure pointed to
by ptermios.
See `General terminal interface' for details.
Return value:
cfgetispeed() and cfgetospeed() return a bit rate. Bit rates are represented
by the symbols B0 through B38400.
Restrictions:
Asynchronous lines are not yet supported.
See also: cfsetispeed(), cfsetospeed(), tcgetattr(), tcsetattr()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.22. cfsetispeed() and cfsetospeed() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <termios.h>
Prototypes:
int cfsetispeed (struct termios *ptermios, speed_t speed);
int cfsetospeed (struct termios *ptermios, speed_t speed);
Compatibility:
POSIX.1 *
Description:
cfsetispeed() and cfsetospeed() set the input bit rate and output bit rate,
respectively, in the structure pointed to by ptermios from the value of speed.
Bit rates are represented by the symbols B0 through B38400.
See `General terminal interface' for details.
Return value:
cfsetispeed() and cfsetospeed() return 0 if successful. Otherwise,
cfsetispeed() and cfsetospeed() set errno and return -1.
Errors:
EINVAL The bit rate speed is not valid.
Restrictions:
Asynchronous lines are not yet supported.
See also: cfgetispeed(), cfgetospeed(), tcgetattr(), tcsetattr()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.23. chdir() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int chdir (const char *name);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Change to directory whose name is in the string pointed to by name. If the
name contains a drive letter, the working directory on that drive is changed,
but the selected drive does not change.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
Under DOS, the current working directory is not a property of a process, it is
a system-wide property. That may change in a future release of emx. chdir
("..") fails if the current working directory is the root directory.
See also: _chdir2(), getcwd()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.24. _chdir2() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int _chdir2 (const char *name);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Change to the directory whose name is in the string pointed to by name. If
the name contains a drive letter, that drive is selected before changing to
the directory. If the name contains a drive letter, the directory can be
omitted:
_chdir2 ("c:")
is equivalent to
_chdrive ('C')
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
Under DOS, the current working directory and the default drive is not a
property of a process, it's a system-wide property. That may change in a
future release of emx. _chdir ("..") fails if the current working directory
is the root directory.
See also: chdir(), getcwd()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.25. _chdrive() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int _chdrive (char drive);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Make the disk drive drive the default drive. drive must be in 'A' through 'Z'
or in 'a' through 'z'.
Return value:
_chdrive() always returns 0, even if the drive does not exist.
See also: _chdir2(), _getdrive()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.26. chmod() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <io.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
Prototype:
int chmod (const char *name, int pmode);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Change permission settings of the file whose name is in the string pointed to
by name to pmode. There is only one permission bit under OS/2 and DOS, the
read-only attribute. The read-only bit is set if S_IWRITE is not included in
pmode. Either specify S_IREAD|S_IWRITE or S_IREAD for pmode.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
Only the S_IWRITE bit of pmode is used.
See also: creat(), open(), stat(), umask()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.27. chsize() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <io.h>
Prototype:
int chsize (int handle, long size);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Change the length of the file associated with handle to size bytes. The
position of the file pointer is undefined after calling this function. If
size is greater than the current length of the file, bytes of zeros are
appended. handle must be open for writing.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
See also: ftruncate(), lseek()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.28. _clear87() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <float.h>
Prototype:
unsigned _clear87 (void);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Clear the coprocessor status word.
Return value:
_clear87() returns the previous value of the status word.
See also: _control87(), _fpreset(), _status87()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.29. clearerr() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
void clearerr (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Clear the error and end-of-file indicators of stream.
See also: ferror(), feof()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.30. clock() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <time.h>
Prototype:
clock_t clock (void);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
clock() returns the amount of processor time (timer ticks) used by the calling
process since the process has been started. There are CLOCKS_PER_SEC timer
ticks per second.
Return value:
clock() returns the number of timer ticks used by the process.
Restrictions:
clock() returns the time elapsed, not the CPU time.
See also: time()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.31. close() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <io.h>
Prototype:
int close (int handle);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close the file associated with the handle handle.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
See also: dup(), open()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.32. _control87() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <float.h>
Prototype:
unsigned _control87 (unsigned new_cw, unsigned mask);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Set the coprocessor control word. Bits of the control word set in mask are
replaced with the matching bits of new_cw:
cw = ((cw & ~mask) | (new_cw & mask));
If mask is 0, the control word is not changed. mask should be one of the
following symbols:
MCW_EM Exception masks
MCW_IC Infinity control (ignored by the 387 and later)
MCW_RC Rounding control
MCW_PC Precision control
To pass multiple values in new_cw, use the `|' operator to combine the symbols
described below.
If mask includes MCW_EM, any combination of the following symbols, including
none (0), can be used in new_cw. If one of these symbol is included, the
corresponding exception is masked off, that is, the coprocessor will take a
corrective action and continue. If an exception is not masked off, SIGFPE
will be generated by that exception.
EM_INVALID Invalid operation (corrective action: return a NaN)
EM_DENORMAL Denormalized operand (corrective action: use gradual underflow)
EM_ZERODIVIDE Division by zero (corrective action: return infinity)
EM_OVERFLOW Overflow (corrective action: return infinity)
EM_UNDERFLOW Underflow (corrective action: return a denormal or zero)
EM_INEXACT Precision lost (corrective action: ignore)
By default, all floating-point exceptions are masked off.
If mask includes MCW_RC, exactly one of the following symbols should be used
in new_cw:
RC_NEAR Round to nearest or even (default)
RC_DOWN Round down toward -infinity
RC_UP Round up toward infinity
RC_CHOP Chop by truncating toward zero
If mask includes MCW_PC, exactly one of the following symbols should be used
in new_cw:
PC_24 24-bit mantissa
PC_53 53-bit mantissa
PC_64 64-bit mantissa (default)
Only addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and sqrt() are affected
by the precision-control bits. Note that IEEE 754 requires PC_53, which is
not the default setting.
Return value:
_control87() returns the previous value of the control word.
See also: _clear87(), _fpreset()
Example:
_control87 (PC_53, MCW_PC); /* Round to 64-bit double */
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.33. _core() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int _core (int handle);
Compatibility:
emx *
Description:
Write a core dump to the file associated with handle. handle must be open for
writing. The core dump file can be used later for debugging or for creating
another .exe file which includes the data as saved when _core() was called.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
_core() works only in programs linked with ld. It does not work in programs
linked with LINK386. When using the system call library sys.lib (-Zsys),
_core() is not available.
See also: close(), open(), raise(), sigaction(), signal()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.34. cos(), sin(), tan(), _cosl(), _sinl() and _tanl() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <math.h>
Prototypes:
double cos (double x);
double sin (double x);
double tan (double x);
long double _cosl (long double x);
long double _sinl (long double x);
long double _tanl (long double x);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Compute the sine, cosine and tangent of x, respectively. If the absolute
value of x is greater than or equal to 2^63, #NAN is returned and errno set to
EDOM.
_cosl(), _sinl() and _tanl() use the long double format and are emx-specific
function.
Return value:
The cos(), sin() and tan() functions return the cosine, sine and tangent,
respectively, of their argument. These functions return #NAN on error.
See also: acos(), asin(), atan()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.35. cosh(), sinh(), tanh(), _coshl(), _sinhl() and _tanhl() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <math.h>
Prototypes:
double cosh (double x);
double sinh (double x);
double tanh (double x);
long double _coshl (long double x);
long double _sinhl (long double x);
long double _tanhl (long double x);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Compute the hyperbolic cosine, hyperbolic sine and hyperbolic tangent of x,
respectively. On overflow, #INF is returned and errno set to ERANGE.
_coshl(), _sinhl() and _tanhl() use the long double format and are
emx-specific functions.
Return value:
The cosh(), sinh() and tanh() functions return the hyperbolic cosine,
hyperbolic sine and hyperbolic tangent, respectively, of their argument.
These functions return #NAN on error.
See also: exp()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.36. creat() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <io.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
Prototype:
int creat (const char *name, int pmode);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Create a file whose name is in the string pointed to by name with permission
settings pmode. This is equivalent to
open (name, O_WRONLY|O_TRUNC|O_CREAT, pmode)
Return value:
creat() returns a file handle of the new file. On error, creat() sets errno
and returns -1.
See also: open()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.37. _crlf() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <io.h>
Prototype:
int _crlf (char *buf, size_t size, size_t *new_size);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Translate CR/LF pairs to newline characters. The conversion is done in-place
in the array of size characters pointed to by buf. The new size is stored to
*new_size.
Return value:
_crlf() returns 1 if the buffer ends with a CR. Otherwise, _crlf() returns 0.
See also: fread(), _fsetmode(), read(), setmode()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.38. _CRT_init() and _CRT_term() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Prototypes:
int _CRT_init (void);
void _CRT_term (void);
Compatibility:
OS/2
Description:
These two functions are provided for being called from _DLL_InitTerm(), the
DLL initialization and termination function.
_CRT_init() initializes the C run-time library.
_CRT_term() terminates the C run-time library.
Return value:
_CRT_init() returns
0 if successful
-1 on error
See also: _DLL_InitTerm(), __ctordtorInit(), __ctordtorTerm()
Example: See /emx/test/testdll1.c
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.39. ctime() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <time.h>
Prototype:
char *ctime (const time_t *t);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the number of seconds elapsed since 00:00 GMT 1-Jan-1970 in the
variable pointed to by t to a string representing that moment for the local
timezone. A pointer to the string is returned. There is only one memory
location for the ctime() and asctime() results, a call to ctime() or asctime()
overwrites the result of a previous calls to ctime() or asctime(). As
localtime() is called by ctime(), the memory location shared by localtime(),
gmtime(), and mktime() is overwritten. The string looks like
"Sun Mar 22 22:59:18 1992\n"
with a terminating null character. All fields have fixed width.
Return value:
ctime() returns a pointer to a string containing the textual representation of
its argument.
See also: asctime()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.40. __ctordtorInit() and __ctordtorTerm() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Prototypes:
void __ctordtorInit (void);
void __ctordtorTerm (void);
Compatibility:
OS/2
Description:
These two functions are provided for being called from _DLL_InitTerm(), the
DLL initialization and termination function.
__ctordtorInit() invokes the constructors for the static objects of the DLL.
You should call __ctordtorInit() after calling _CRT_init().
__ctordtorTerm() invokes the destructors for the static objects of the DLL.
You should call __ctordtorTerm() before calling _CRT_term().
See also: _CRT_init(), _CRT_term(), _DLL_InitTerm()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.41. cuserid() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdio.h> /* prototype and L_cuserid constant */
#include <unistd.h> /* prototype */
Prototype:
char *cuserid (char *buffer);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Return the login name of the owner of current process. If buffer is NULL, a
pointer to a statically allocated buffer is returned. Otherwise, the login
name is copied to the array pointed to by buffer. The array must be big
enough to hold L_cuserid characters. If there is an error, NULL is returned.
The emx implementation of cuserid() takes the login name from the USER
environment variable. If that environment variable is not defined, the login
name is "root".
Return value:
cuserid() returns buffer if buffer is non-NULL. cuserid() returns a pointer
to a statically allocated buffer if buffer is NULL. cuserid() returns NULL on
error.
See also: getpwent()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.42. _defext() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _defext (char *dst, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Add the default extension ext to the file name pointed to by dst. If the file
name part of the string pointed to by dst contains an extension (including the
empty extension), nothing will be done. Otherwise, a dot and the string
pointed to by ext will be appended.
See also: _getext(), _remext(), _splitpath()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.43. difftime() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <time.h>
Prototype:
double difftime (time_t t1, time_t t0);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Compute the difference (in seconds) between two time values.
Return value:
difftime() returns the difference (in seconds) t1-t0 between t0 and t1.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.44. div() and ldiv() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototypes:
div_t div (int num, int den);
ldiv_t ldiv (long num, long den);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Perform an integer division, dividing num by den. The quotient and the
remainder are returned in the quot and rem fields, respectively.
The following table shows the signs of quot and rem depending on the signs of
num and den:
NUM DEN Γöé quot rem
ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇ
+ + Γöé + +
+ - Γöé - +
- + Γöé - -
- - Γöé + -
Note: Do not use the -fpcc-struct-return option of GCC.
Return value:
div() and ldiv() return a structure which contains the quotient and the
remainder in the quot and rem fields, respectively.
See also: _lldiv(), _uldiv(), _ulldiv()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.45. _DLL_InitTerm() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Prototype:
unsigned long _DLL_InitTerm (unsigned long mod_handle, unsigned long flag);
Compatibility:
OS/2
Description:
_DLL_InitTerm() is the library initialization and termination function for
dynamic link libraries. It is called by the operating system to initialize
the library (if flag is zero) or to terminate the library (if flag is one).
mod_handle is the module handle of the dynamic link library.
The default _DLL_InitTerm() function calls __ctordtorInit() and
__ctordtorTerm(). When building a stand-alone DLL (-Zso), the default
_DLL_InitTerm() function also calls _CRT_init() and _CRT_term(). The other
types of DLLs don't need _CRT_init() and _CRT_term() as the runtime
environment is either initialized by the client application of the DLL or is
not present (-Zno-rte).
If you write your own _DLL_InitTerm() to perform additional actions, don't
forget to call _CRT_init() -- if required -- to initialize the runtime
environment and to call __ctordtorInit() (after calling _CRT_init()) to invoke
the static constructors of the DLL. On termination (flag is one), you should
call _CRT_term() if you have called _CRT_init() at initialization. To invoke
the static destructors of the DLL, call __ctordtorTerm() before calling
_CRT_term(). _DLL_InitTerm() should not call any function which calls brk(),
sbrk() or malloc().
Return value:
_DLL_InitTerm() should return 1 to indicate success. On failure,
_DLL_InitTerm() should return 0.
See also: _CRT_init(), _CRT_term(), __ctordtorInit(), __ctordtorTerm()
Example:
/* This is the default _DLL_InitTerm() function for
stand-alone dynamic link libraries. */
int _CRT_init (void);
void _CRT_term (void);
void __ctordtorInit (void);
void __ctordtorTerm (void);
unsigned long _DLL_InitTerm (unsigned long mod_handle,
unsigned long flag)
{
switch (flag)
{
case 0:
if (_CRT_init () == 0)
{
__ctordtorInit ();
return (1);
}
return (0);
case 1:
__ctordtorTerm ();
_CRT_term ();
return (1);
default:
return (0);
}
return (1);
}
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.46. _dt_free() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/dirtree.h>
Prototype:
void _dt_free (struct _dt_tree *dt);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Deallocate the memory allocated by _dt_read() for the directory tree dt.
See also: _dt_read()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.47. _dt_read() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/dirtree.h>
Prototype:
struct _dt_tree *_dt_read (const char *dir, const char *mask, unsigned flags);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Create a directory tree in memory. The tree consists of a linked list of
_dt_node structures. Subtrees are attached to the sub field of _dt_node
structures for directories. Files matching the wildcard in the string pointed
to by mask in the directory whose name is in the string pointed to by dir are
put into the tree. If flags includes _DT_TREE, all subdirectories of dir are
also scanned for files and directories matching the wildcard. If _DT_TREE is
not included, the subdirectories of the directory are not scanned. If flags
includes _DT_NOCPDIR, the `.' and `..' entries are omitted.
_fnlwr() is used to convert file names to lower case on upper-case-only file
systems.
Return value:
If successful, _dt_read() returns a pointer to a _dt_tree structure. The tree
field of that structure is the root of the tree. On error, _dt_read() sets
the errno variable and returns NULL.
See also: _dt_free(), _dt_sort(), _dt_split(), _fnlwr(), _fnexplode()
Example: See /emx/test/dttest.c
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.48. _dt_sort() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/dirtree.h>
Prototype:
void _dt_sort (struct _dt_tree *dt, const char *spec);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Sort the directory tree dt according to the string pointed to by spec. dt is
a directory tree created by _dt_read(). spec points to a string of characters
which is read from left to right. Each character tells _dt_sort() how to
compare two tree nodes. If the nodes compare equal, the next character is
examined. This is repeated until the two nodes are different according to the
sorting criterion indicated by a character of the string pointed to by spec or
the end of the spec string is reached. If the end of the string pointed to by
spec is reached, the two nodes are considered equal and the two nodes are put
in an arbitrary order. The following characters are defined in the string
pointed to by spec:
e File name extensions are compared, ascending ASCII order
E File name extensions are compared, descending ASCII order
f Directories are placed before files
F Files are placed before directories
n File names are compared, ascending ASCII order
N File names are compared, descending ASCII order
s File size is compared, ascending
S File size is compared, descending
t Time stamps (last modification) are compared, ascending
T Time stamps (last modification) are compared, descending
All other characters are ignored. _fncmp() is used for comparing file names.
If _fncmp() returns 0, strcmp() is used in addition. strcmp() can return a
non-zero value only if the current code page does not match the code page used
when creating the directory entries.
See also: _dt_read(), _fncmp()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.49. _dt_split() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/dirtree.h>
Prototype:
int _dt_split (const char *src, char *dir, char *mask);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Split the path name pointed to by src into a directory part and a name part
for _dt_read(). The directory part is stored to the array pointed to by dir,
the name part is stored to the array pointed to by mask. If the string
pointed to by src is the name of a directory, the array pointed to by mask is
set to "*.*".
Return value:
0 success
-1 error (errno set)
See also: _dt_read()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.50. dup() and dup2() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <io.h>
Prototypes:
int dup (int handle);
int dup2 (int handle1, int handle2);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Create a duplicate of the file handle handle or handle1, respectively, that
is, another handle that refers to the same file or device or pipe as the
handle given. Both handles share the same file pointer. dup() chooses the
lowest numbered available handle. dup2() uses handle2 for the new file
handle. If handle2 is open when dup2() is called, it will be closed by dup2()
unless handle1 is invalid or identical to handle2.
If handle1 is a valid open file handle and is equal to handle2, dup2() returns
handle2 without closing it.
Return value:
dup() and dup2() return the new file handle (which is handle2 if dup2()
succeeds). They return -1 on error.
Errors:
EBADF The handle or handle1 argument is not a valid open file descriptor or
handle2 is out of range.
EMFILE No file descriptor is available.
Restrictions:
dup2() currently doesn't work correctly under DOS.
See also: close(), fcntl(), open()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.51. _ea_free() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/ea.h>
Prototype:
void _ea_free (struct _ea *ptr);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Free the memory allocated for the value of an extended attribute stored in the
structure pointed to by ptr. If the value field of the structure is non-NULL,
free() is called for that pointer. Then, the value field is set to NULL.
See also: _ea_get()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.52. _ea_get() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/ea.h>
Prototype:
int _ea_get (struct _ea *dst, const char *path, int handle,
const char *name);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve the extended attribute whose name is in the string pointed to by name
of a file or directory. If path is non-NULL, an extended attribute of the
file or directory whose name is in the string pointed to by path is retrieved.
Otherwise, an extended attribute of the file referred to by handle is
retrieved. The letter case of name is ignored. The flags, the value and the
size of the value of the extended attribute is copied to the structure pointed
to by dst. If the extended attribute does not exist, the size member of the
structure pointed to by dst is set to 0 and the value member of the structure
pointed to by dst is set to NULL. _ea_get() allocates memory for the value of
the extended attribute by calling malloc(). The structure declaration is:
struct _ea
{
int flags;
int size;
void *value;
};
The flags member contains the flags byte of the extended attribute (only bits
0 through 7 of flags are used). Currently, OS/2 defines only bit 7: it's set
for critical EAs. size is the length of the value in bytes. The value member
points to the (binary) value of the extended attribute.
Use _ead_read() to retrieve all the extended attributes of a file or
directory.
Return value:
0 success or EA not found
-1 error
See also: _ea_free(), _ea_put(), _ead_read()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.53. _ea_put() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/ea.h>
Prototype:
int _ea_put (struct _ea *src, const char *path, int handle,
const char *name);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Add an extended attribute to a file or directory. If path is non-NULL, the
extended attribute is added to the file or directory whose name is in the
string pointed to by path. Otherwise, the extended attribute is added to the
file referred to by handle which must be open for writing. The string pointed
to by name contains the name of the extended attribute. The letter case of
the name is ignored. src points to an _ea structure which holds the flags,
size and value of the extended attribute to be added. If the size member is
0, the extended attribute is removed. Bits 0 though 7 of flags contain the
flags byte for the extended attribute. Currently, OS/2 defines only bit: the
critical EA bit. The flags member should be zero unless you exactly know what
you are doing.
Use _ead_write() to replace or update multiple extended attributes at once.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error (errno is set)
See also: _ea_get(), _ea_remove(), _ead_write()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.54. _ea_remove() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/ea.h>
Prototype:
int _ea_remove (const char *path, int handle, const char *name);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Remove the extended attribute whose name is in the string pointed to by name
from a file or directory. If path is non-NULL, the extended attribute is
removed from the file or directory whose name is in the string pointed to by
path. Otherwise, the extended attribute is removed from the file referred to
by handle. The letter case of the string pointed to by name is ignored.
Removing a non-existing extended attribute of an existing file or directory is
not an error.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error (errno is set)
See also: _ea_put(), _ead_write()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.55. _ead_add() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/ead.h>
Prototype:
int _ead_add (_ead ead, const char *name, int flags, const void *value,
int size);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Add the extended attribute whose name is in the string pointed to by name to
the extended attributes descriptor ead. name should point to a
null-terminated string. The value of the extended attribute is set to size
bytes of the array pointed to by value. The flags byte of the extended
attribute is set to flags. Only bits 0 through 7 of flags are used.
Currently, OS/2 defines only bit 7 of the flags byte: it's the critical EA
bit. flags should be zero unless you exactly know what you are doing. If an
extended attribute with the name in the string pointed to by name already
exists in ead, it is updated with flags, size and the array pointed to by
value. The extended attributes on disk are not affected. After calling
_ead_add(), the pointers returned by previous invocations of
_ead_get_fea2list(), _ead_get_name() and _ead_get_value() will be invalid. As
_ead_add() does a case-sensitive search, you should pass an upper-case names
in the string pointed to by name. If there are two extended attributes in an
extended attributes descriptor whose names differ only in letter case, only
one of both will be written to the disk by _ead_write().
Return value:
_ead_add() returns the index of the new (or updated) extended attribute. On
error, _ead_add() sets errno and returns a negative value.
See also: _ead_delete(), _ead_replace(), _ead_write(), _nls_strupr()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.56. _ead_clear() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/ead.h>
Prototype:
void _ead_clear (_ead ead);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Discard the extended attributes of the extended attributes descriptor ead.
After calling _ead_clear(), _ead_count() will return 0 for ead. The extended
attributes on disk are not modified. After calling _ead_clear(), do not use
pointers returned by _ead_get_name(), _ead_get_value() and _ead_get_fea2list()
for that descriptor.
See also: _ead_create(), _ead_destroy(), _ead_read()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.57. _ead_copy() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/ead.h>
Prototype:
int _ead_copy (_ead dst_ead, _ead src_ead, int src_index);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Copy the extended attribute src_index from the extended attributes descriptor
src_ead to the extended attributes descriptor dst_ead. If src_index is 0, all
extended attributes of src_ead are copied to dst_ead. Otherwise, src_index
must be a number between 1 and the number of extended attributes of src_ead.
_ead_copy() uses _ead_add() to copy the extended attributes. The extended
attributes on disk are not affected.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error (errno is set)
See also: _ead_add()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.58. _ead_count() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/ead.h>
Prototype:
int _ead_count (_ead ead);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Get the number of extended attributes available from the extended attributes
descriptor ead.
Return value:
_ead_count() returns the number of extended attributes available from the
extended attributes descriptor ead.
See also: _ead_create(), _ead_get_name(), _ead_get_value()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.59. _ead_create() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/ead.h>
Prototype:
_ead _ead_create (void)
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Create an extended attributes descriptor. Such a descriptor is used for
handling the extended attributes of files and directories. Use _ead_destroy()
if you no longer need the descriptor. To copy all the extended attributes of
a file or a directory to an extended attributes descriptor, use _ead_read().
Initially, no extended attributes are held by an extended attributes
descriptor.
Return value:
_ead_create() returns a descriptor which can be used by the other functions
for handling extended attributes. On error, _ead_create() sets errno and
returns NULL.
See also: _ead_destroy(), _ead_get_name(), _ead_get_value(), _ead_read()
Example: See /emx/samples/eatool.c
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.60. _ead_delete() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/ead.h>
Prototype:
int _ead_delete (_ead ead, int index);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Delete the extended attribute index from the extended attributes descriptor
ead. index must be a number between 1 and the number of extended attributes
of ead. After calling _ead_delete(), the pointers returned by previous
invocations of _ead_get_fea2list(), _ead_get_name() and _ead_get_value() will
be invalid. Moreover, _ead_delete() invalidates index numbers.
Return value:
_ead_delete() returns 0 if successful. On error, _ead_delete() sets errno and
returns a negative number.
See also: _ead_add(), _ead_find()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.61. _ead_destroy() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/ead.h>
Prototype:
void _ead_destroy (_ead ead);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Invalidate the extended attributes descriptor ead which has been created by
_ead_create(). All memory associated with ead is released. ead must not be
NULL. After calling _ead_destroy(), ead is invalid and can no longer be used.
After calling _ead_destroy(), do not use pointers returned by _ead_get_name(),
_ead_get_value() and _ead_get_fea2list() for that descriptor.
See also: _ead_clear(), _ead_create()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.62. _ead_fea2list_size() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/ead.h>
Prototype:
int _ead_fea2list_size (_ead ead);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Get the size of the FEA2LIST of the extended attributes descriptor ead. If
ead doesn't hold any extended attributes, the size is 0.
Return value:
_ead_fea2list_size() returns the size of the FEA2LIST of the extended
attributes descriptor ead. _ead_fea2list_size() returns 0 if ead doesn't hold
any extended attributes.
See also: _ead_get_fea2list()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.63. _ead_fea2list_to_fealist() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/ead.h>
Prototype:
void *_ead_fea2list_to_fealist (const void *src);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Convert the FEA2LIST src (OS/2 2.x format) to a FEALIST (OS/2 1.2 format).
src must not be NULL. This function allocates memory with malloc() to hold
the converted list. A pointer to the converted list is returned. If you no
longer need the buffer allocated by this function, you should deallocate it
with free(). src is of type PFEA2LIST, the return value is of type PFEALIST.
To avoid having to include os2.h when including sys/ead.h, void pointers are
used instead.
Return value:
_ead_fea2list_to_fealist() returns a pointer to a FEALIST, allocated with
malloc(). On error, _ead_fea2list_to_fealist() sets errno and returns NULL.
See also: _ead_fealist_to_fea2list(), _ead_get_fea2list()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.64. _ead_fealist_to_fea2list() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/ead.h>
Prototype:
void *_ead_fealist_to_fea2list (const void *src);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Convert the FEALIST src (OS/2 1.2 format) to a FEA2LIST (OS/2 2.x format).
src must not be NULL. This function allocates memory with malloc() to hold
the converted list. A pointer to the converted list is returned. If you no
longer need the buffer allocated by this function, you should deallocate it
with free(). src is of type PFEALIST, the return value is of type PFEA2LIST.
To avoid having to include os2.h when including sys/ead.h, void pointers are
used instead.
Return value:
_ead_fealist_to_fea2list() returns a pointer to a FEA2LIST, allocated with
malloc(). On error, _ead_fealist_to_fea2list() sets errno and returns NULL.
See also: _ead_fea2list_to_fealist()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.65. _ead_find() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/ead.h>
Prototype:
int _ead_find (_ead ead, const char *name);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve the index of the extended attribute whose name is in the string
pointed to by name of the extended attributes descriptor ead. name should
point to a null-terminated string. If there is no such extended attribute,
errno is set to ENOENT and -1 is returned. Otherwise, a number between 1 and
the number of extended attributes of ead is returned. Note that OS/2 converts
names of extended attributes to upper case when writing them to the disk. As
_ead_find() does a case-sensitive compare, lower-case names are not found.
Return value:
_ead_find() returns the index of the extended attribute. If the extended
attribute is not found, _ead_find() returns -1.
See also: _ead_count(), _ead_get_name(), _ead_get_value(), _nls_strupr()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.66. _ead_get_fea2list() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/ead.h>
Prototype:
const void *_ead_get_fea2list (_ead ead);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve a pointer to the FEA2LIST of the extended attributes descriptor ead.
You should cast the return value to PFEA2LIST. The return type of
_ead_get_fea2list() is not PFEA2LIST to be able to include sys/ead.h without
having to include os2.h. The pointer points to memory allocated by the
extended attributes functions -- do not use the pointer after calling
_ead_add(), _ead_clear(), _ead_copy(), _ead_delete(), _ead_destroy() or
_ead_replace() and do not write to the buffer.
Return value:
_ead_get_fea2list() returns a pointer to the FEA2LIST of the extended
attributes descriptor ead.
See also: _ead_fea2list_size(), _ead_fea2list_to_fealist()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.67. _ead_get_flags() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/ead.h>
Prototype:
int _ead_get_flags (_ead ead, int index);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Get the flags byte of the extended attribute index of the extended attributes
descriptor ead. index must be a number between 1 and the number of extended
attributes of ead. On error, errno is set and -1 is returned.
Return value:
_ead_get_flags() returns the flags by of an extended attribute. On error,
_ead_get_flags() returns -1.
See also: _ead_count(), _ead_get_value()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.68. _ead_get_name() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/ead.h>
Prototype:
const char *_ead_get_name (_ead ead, int index);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Return a pointer to the name of the extended attribute index of the extended
attributes descriptor ead. index must be a number between 1 and the number of
extended attributes of ead. The pointer points to memory allocated by the
extended attributes functions -- do not use the pointer after calling
_ead_add(), _ead_clear(), _ead_copy(), _ead_delete(), _ead_destroy() or
_ead_replace() and do not write to the buffer. On error, errno is set and
NULL is returned.
Return value:
_ead_get_name() returns a pointer to the name of an extended attribute. On
error, _ead_get_name() returns NULL.
See also: _ead_count(), _ead_name_len()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.69. _ead_get_value() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/ead.h>
Prototype:
const void *_ead_get_value (_ead ead, int index);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Return a pointer to the value of the extended attribute index of the extended
attributes descriptor ead. index must be a number between 1 and the number of
extended attributes of ead. The pointer points to memory allocated by the
extended attributes functions -- do not use the pointer after calling
_ead_add(), _ead_clear(), _ead_copy(), _ead_delete(), _ead_destroy() or
_ead_replace() and do not write to the buffer. On error, errno is set and
NULL is returned.
Return value:
_ead_get_value() returns a pointer to the value of an extended attribute. On
error, _ead_get_value() returns NULL.
See also: _ead_count(), _ead_find(), _ead_get_flags(), _ead_value_size()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.70. _ead_name_len() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/ead.h>
Prototype:
int _ead_name_len (_ead ead, int index);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Get the length of the name of the extended attribute index of the extended
attributes descriptor ead. If index is 0, the total length of all the names
is returned, not including the terminating null characters. Otherwise, index
must be a number between 1 and the number of extended attributes of ead; the
length of the name of the indexth extended attribute is returned. The
terminating null character is not included in the length. On error, errno is
set and -1 is returned.
Return value:
_ead_name_len() returns the length of the name of an extended attribute. On
error, _ead_name_len() returns -1.
See also: _ead_count(), _ead_get_name()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.71. _ead_read() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/ead.h>
Prototype:
int _ead_read (_ead ead, const char *path, int handle, int flags);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Copy the extended attributes of a file or directory to the extended attributes
descriptor ead. The extended attributes held previously by ead are discarded.
If path is not NULL, the extended attributes of file or directory whose name
is in the string pointed to by path are copied to ead. If path is NULL, the
extended attributes of the file referred to by the file handle handle are
copied to ead. flags is not yet used and must be 0. _ead_read() calls
_ead_clear(), reads all the extended attributes and stores them in memory.
Use _ead_destroy() to deallocate that memory and invalidate ead. When using a
non-NULL path, _ead_read() does not lock the file while while reading the
extended attributes. You might want to open a handle in deny-write mode and
pass it in handle to avoid problems due to other threads or processes
modifying the extended attributes while _ead_read() is reading. This doesn't
work with and isn't required for directories. _ead_read() can also be used
under DOS though no extended attributes will be copied. Therefore, your
program doesn't have to decide whether to use these functions or not.
Use _ea_get() to retrieve extended attributes one by one.
Return value:
If successful, _ead_read() returns 0. On error, _ead_read() sets errno and
returns a negative number.
See also: _ea_get(), _ead_create(), _ead_destroy(), _ead_get_name(),
_ead_get_value(), _ead_write()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.72. _ead_replace() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/ead.h>
Prototype:
int _ead_replace (_ead ead, int index, int flags, const void *value,
int size);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Update the extended attribute index of the extended attributes descriptor ead
with flags and size bytes of value. index must be a number between 1 and the
number of extended attributes of ead. The extended attributes on disk are not
affected. After calling _ead_replace(), the pointers returned by previous
invocations of _ead_get_fea2list(), _ead_get_name() and _ead_get_value() will
be invalid.
Return value:
On success, _ead_replace() returns 0. On error, _ead_replace() sets errno and
returns a negative value.
See also: _ead_add(), _ead_write()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.73. _ead_sort() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/ead.h>
Prototype:
void _ead_sort (_ead ead);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Sort by name the extended attributes of the extended attributes descriptor
ead. Sorting is done in memory -- the extended attributes on disk are not
affected. After calling _ead_sort(), index 1 refers to the extended attribute
with the lexically smallest name. strcmp() is used for comparing names.
_ead_sort() sorts the index, not the extended attributes proper. Therefore,
all functions that modify the extended attributes of ead undo the effect of
_ead_sort().
See also: _ead_create(), _ead_get_name(), _ead_read()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.74. _ead_use_fea2list() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/ead.h>
Prototype:
int _ead_use_fea2list (_ead ead, const void *src);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Copy all the extended attributes from the FEA2LIST src (OS/2 2.x format) to
the extended attributes descriptor ead. All extended attributes previously
held by ead are discarded. The extended attributes on the disk are not
affected.
Return value:
If successful, _ead_use_fea2list() returns 0. Otherwise, _ead_use_fea2list()
sets errno and returns a negative value.
See also: _ead_write()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.75. _ead_value_size() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/ead.h>
Prototype:
int _ead_value_size (_ead ead, int index);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Get the size of the extended attribute index of the extended attributes
descriptor ead. If index is 0, the total size of all the values of ead is
returned. Otherwise, index must be a number between 1 and the number of
extended attributes of ead; the size of the INDEXth extended attribute is
returned. On error, errno is set and -1 is returned.
Return value:
_ead_value_size() returns the length of the value of an extended attribute.
On error, _ead_value_size() returns -1.
See also: _ead_count(), _ead_get_value()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.76. _ead_write() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/ead.h>
Prototype:
int _ead_write (_ead ead, const char *path, int handle, int flags);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Write all the extended attributes of the extended attributes descriptor ead to
the file or directory whose name is in the string pointed to by path or to the
file associated with handle. The extended attributes previously attached to
that file or directory are discarded and replaced by the extended attributes
of ead if flags is 0. This is done by deleting the extended attributes of the
file or directory which are not in ead. If flags is _EAD_MERGE, the extended
attributes of the file or directory which are also present in ead are replaced
by those of ead. Extended attributes of ead which are not attached to the
file or directory are added to the extended attributes of the file or
directory. If path is non-NULL, the extended attributes are written to the
file or directory whose name is in the string pointed to by path. If path is
NULL, the extended attributes are written to the file referred to by the file
handle handle. The extended attributes of ead are not modified.
Use _ea_put() to add or update extended attributes one by one.
Return value:
_ead_write() returns 0 if successful. On error, _ead_write() sets errno and
returns a negative value. Under DOS, _ead_write() does nothing and always
returns 0.
See also: _ea_put(), _ead_clear(), _ead_read(), _ead_use_fea2list()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.77. _emx_16to32() and _emx_32to16() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <os2.h>
Prototypes:
void *_emx_16to32 (_far16ptr ptr);
_far16ptr _emx_32to16 (void *ptr);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
_emx_16to32() converts a 16-bit far pointer (16:16 format) to a 32-bit flat
pointer.
_emx_32to16() converts a 32-bit flat pointer to a 16-bit far pointer (16:16
format).
The type _far16ptr is used for 16-bit far pointers.
Return value:
_emx_16to32() returns a 32-bit flat pointer. _emx_32to16() returns a 16-bit
far pointer.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.78. _emxload_connect() and _emxload_disconnect() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/emxload.h>
Prototypes:
int _emxload_connect (void)
int _emxload_disconnect (void)
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Call _emxload_connect() to explicitly connect to the emxload server process.
The connection will be kept open until _emxload_disconnect() or
_emxload_stop() is called to terminate the connection. A counter is
maintained which is incremented for each successful call to _emxload_connect()
and decremented by each successful call to _emxload_disconnect(). The
connection is closed when the counter reaches zero.
If _emxload_connect() has not been called, _emxload_env(), _emxload_prog(),
_emxload_this(), _emxload_stop() and _emxload_unload() open and close a
temporary connection to the emxload server process.
The emxload server process is started by _emxload_connect() if the emxload
server process is not already running.
Return value:
0 connection sucessfully established or closed
-1 the emxload server process could not be started
Restrictions:
Under DOS, _emxload_connect() and _emxload_disconnect() do nothing and return
-1.
See also: _emxload_disconnect(), _emxload_prog(), _emxload_stop()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.79. _emxload_env() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/emxload.h>
Prototype:
int _emxload_env (const char *name)
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Keep (another copy of) the current program in memory if the environment
variable whose name is in the string pointed to by name is set and contains a
number. That number specifies the number of minutes the process should be
kept in memory.
The emxload server process is started by _emxload_env() if the environment
variable is valid and the emxload server process is not already running.
Return value:
0 request successfully sent to the emxload server process
-1 error: the environment variable is not set, or does not contain a
valid number or the emxload server process could not be started
Restrictions:
Under DOS, _emxload_env() does nothing and returns -1.
See also: _emxload_prog(), _emxload_this(), _emxload_unload()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.80. _emxload_list_start() and _emxload_list_get() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/emxload.h>
Prototypes:
int _emxload_list_start (void);
int _emxload_list_get (char *buf, size_t buf_size, int *pseconds);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Get a list of all preloaded programs. To start the list, call
_emxload_list_start(). If _emxload_list_start() returns 0, call
_emxload_list_get() to receive the names and timeouts of the preloaded
programs until _emxload_list_get() returns a non-zero value.
_emxload_list_get() stores the complete path name of the program to the array
pointed to by buf. buf_size is the size of the array, including the trailing
null character. The number of seconds remaining until automatic unloading is
stored to the integer pointed to by pseconds. If automatic unloading is
disabled for that program, _EMXLOAD_INDEFINITE is stored.
If you stop calling _emxload_list_get() before information about all the
programs has been transferred, you should call _emxload_disconnect() to close
the connection. Calling _emxload_disconnect() is not required if
_emxload_list_start() returns a non-zero value or after _emxload_list_get()
returns a non-zero value.
Do not call _emxload_list_get() without prior calling _emxload_list_start().
Do not call _emxload_list_get() if the previous call to _emxload_list_start()
or _emxload_list_get() returned a non-zero value.
Return value:
0 request processed successfully
-1 an error occured
1 end of the list of programs (_emxload_list_get() only)
Restrictions:
Under DOS, _emxload_list_start() and _emxload_list_get() do nothing and return
-1.
See also: _emxload_prog(), _emxload_disconnect()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.81. _emxload_prog() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/emxload.h>
Prototype:
int _emxload_prog (const char *name, int seconds)
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Keep a program in memory for seconds seconds. name points to a string
containing the file name of the program. If seconds is _EMXLOAD_INDEFINITE,
the program will not be unloaded automatically. The default extension of the
name is .exe, the PATH environment variable is used for finding the executable
file.
The emxload server process is started by _emxload_prog() if seconds and the
string pointed to by name are valid and the emxload server process is not
already running.
Return value:
0 request successfully sent to the emxload server process
-1 error: the program has not been found or the emxload server process
could not be started
Restrictions:
Under DOS, _emxload_prog() does nothing and returns -1.
See also: _emxload_connect(), _emxload_env(), _emxload_list_start(),
_emxload_this(), _emxload_unload()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.82. _emxload_stop() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/emxload.h>
Prototype:
int _emxload_stop (int wait_flag)
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Stop the emxload server process. All preloaded programs will be unloaded. If
wait_flag is zero, _emxload_stop() returns immediately after sending the
request to the server. If wait_flag is non-zero, _emxload_stop() waits until
the server process no longer exists.
Return value:
0 emxload server process stopped
-1 the emxload server process was not running or could not be stopped
Restrictions:
Under DOS, _emxload_stop() does nothing and returns -1.
See also: _emxload_connect()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.83. _emxload_this() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/emxload.h>
Prototype:
int _emxload_this (int seconds)
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Keep (another copy of) the current program in memory for seconds seconds. If
seconds is _EMXLOAD_INDEFINITE, the program will not be unloaded
automatically.
The emxload server process is started by _emxload_this() if seconds is valid
and the emxload server process is not already running.
Return value:
0 request successfully sent to the emxload server process
-1 error: seconds is invalid or the emxload server process could not be
started
Restrictions:
Under DOS, _emxload_this() does nothing and returns -1.
See also: _emxload_env(), _emxload_prog(), _emxload_unload()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.84. _emxload_unload() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/emxload.h>
Prototype:
int _emxload_unload (const char *name, int wait_flag)
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Unload a preloaded program. name points to a string containing the file name
of the program. The default extension for the file name is .exe, the PATH
environment variable is used for finding the executable file. If wait_flag is
zero, _emxload_unload() returns immediately after sending the request to the
server. If wait_flag is non-zero, _emxload_unload() waits until the server
process has unloaded the program.
Return value:
0 request successfully sent to the emxload server process
-1 error: the program has not been found
Restrictions:
Under DOS, _emxload_unload() does nothing and returns -1.
See also: _emxload_prog(), _emxload_stop()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.85. _endthread() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _endthread (void);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
A thread that has been created by _beginthread() can call _endthread() to end
its execution. A thread also ends when the function started with
_beginthread() returns. In that case, _endthread() will be called
automatically. Terminating the main thread (thread 1) of a process terminates
the process (return value will be 0). Do not use DosExit to end a thread
started by _beginthread().
_endthread() is available only when linking with multithread libraries (-Zmt,
-Zmts, or -Zmtd).
See also: _beginthread()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.86. _envargs() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _envargs (int *argcp, char ***argvp, const char *name);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Take arguments from the environment variable whose name is in the string
pointed to by name and insert them before the arguments given on the command
line. If you want to get arguments from the environment variable MYPROGOPT,
insert
_envargs (&argc, &argv, "MYPROGOPT");
at the beginning of main(). The contents of the environment variable is
parsed the same way as the command line, including quoting. If you call
_response() or _wildcard() after _envargs(), the arguments taken from the
environment variable are treated like command line arguments, that is,
_wildcard() will expand wildcards in the value of the environment variable
unless they are quoted.
If the environment variable is not defined or if there is not enough memory,
_envargs() does not modify *argcp and *argvp.
See also: getenv(), main(), _response(), _wildcard()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.87. eof() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <io.h>
Prototype:
int eof (int handle);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Check whether the current position of handle is at the end of the file or not.
Return value:
1 at end of file
0 not at end of file
-1 error
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.88. _errno() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <errno.h>
Prototype:
int *_errno (void);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Return the address of the errno value. In single-thread programs, errno is a
variable, in multithread programs, errno is an lvalue that depends on the
thread number. In consequence, you cannot create a library that uses errno
and can be used for both single-thread and multithread programs. To solve
this problem, the _errno() function has been provided: it returns a pointer to
the errno value in both single-thread and multithread programs. Use the
option
-D__ST_MT_ERRNO__
on the GCC command line to define errno to call _errno(). However, using
_errno() doesn't remove any other reasons why your library might not be
thread-safe.
See also: errno
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.89. exec*(), execl(), execle(), execlp(), execlpe(), execv(), execve(), execvp() and execvpe() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <process.h>
Prototypes:
int execl (const char *name, const char *arg0, ...);
int execle (const char *name, const char *arg0, ...);
int execlp (const char *name, const char *arg0, ...);
int execlpe (const char *name, const char *arg0, ...);
int execv (const char *name, char * const argv[]);
int execve (const char *name, char * const argv[], char * const envp[]);
int execvp (const char *name, char * const argv[]);
int execvpe(const char *name, char * const argv[], char * const envp[]);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Replace calling process with a new process. The calling process terminates
after starting the new process. name points to a string containing the name
of the executable file to run. Use execl(), execle(), execlp() or execlpe()
for passing a fixed number of arguments. arg0 points to a string containing
the 0th argument which is the program name, by convention. Following arg0,
pointers to the argument strings are passed. After the last argument pointer,
a NULL pointer must be following. At least arg0 must be specified. Use
execv(), execve(), execvp() or execvpe() for passing a variable number of
arguments. argv points to an array of pointers to strings. The first entry
is the program name, by convention. The last argument must be followed by a
NULL pointer.
execl(), execlp(), execv() and execvp() pass the environment of the current
process to the child process. To pass a different environment to the child
process pass a pointer to an array of pointers to strings after the NULL
argument pointer of execle() and execlpe() or pass the pointer in the envp
argument of execve() and execvpe(). The last pointer to an environment string
in the array must be followed by a NULL pointer.
When the new process ends, the parent process will be notified by SIGCHLD and
wait() will return the original process ID.
Return value:
These functions return -1 if an error occurs. On success, they do not return.
Restrictions:
Native DOS programs cannot be run. The new process gets a new process ID.
The actions for all signals are reset to SIG_DFL in the new process.
See also: fork(), sigaction(), signal(), spawn*(), wait(), waitpid()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.90. _execname() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int execname (char *buf, size_t bufsize);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Copy the full path name of the executable file for the current process to the
array pointed to by buf. It is assumed that there are bufsize bytes available
at buf, including the terminating null character.
Return value:
_execname() returns 0 on success, -1 on error (buffer too small, for
instance).
Restrictions:
_execname() is not yet implemented under DOS.
See also: main()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.91. exit() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void exit (int ret);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Flush streams, remove temporary files, call functions set by atexit() and
terminate the current process. The return code ret is passed to the parent
process. If ret is negative or greater than 255, 255 will be used instead to
avoid returning 0 (success) for non-zero ret due to truncation to 8 bits.
See also: abort(), atexit(), _exit()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.92. _exit() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _exit (int ret);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Terminate the process without flushing streams, removing temporary files or
calling functions set by atexit(). The return code ret is passed to the
parent process. If ret is negative or greater than 255, 255 will be used
instead to avoid returning 0 (success) for non-zero ret due to truncation to 8
bits.
See also: abort(), atexit(), exit()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.93. exp() and _expl() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <math.h>
Prototypes:
double exp (double x);
long double _expl (long double x);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
exp() computes the exponential function of x. On overflow, +#INF is returned
and errno set to ERANGE.
_expl() uses the long double format and is an emx-specific function.
Return value:
exp() returns e^x. On overflow, exp() returns +#INF.
See also: log(), pow()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.94. _expand() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *_expand (void *mem, size_t new_size);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Try to expand the memory block pointed to by mem to the new size new_size. If
the block cannot be expanded, NULL is returned. Otherwise, mem is returned.
Please do not use this function -- use realloc() instead.
Return value:
_expand() returns mem if the block could be resized. Otherwise, _expand()
returns NULL.
See also: realloc()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.95. fabs() and _fabsl() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <math.h>
Prototypes:
double fabs (double x);
long double _fabsl (long double x);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Return the absolute value of x: If x is negative, -x is returned. Otherwise,
x is returned.
_fabsl() uses the long double format and is an emx-specific function.
Return value:
fabs() returns the absolute value of its argument.
See also: abs(), labs()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.96. fclose() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int fclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Close the open stream stream.
Return value:
0 success
EOF error
See also: fcloseall(), fflush(), fopen()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.97. fcloseall() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int fcloseall (void);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Close all open streams.
Return value:
fcloseall() returns the number of streams closed. On error, fcloseall()
returns EOF.
See also: fclose(), flushall(), fopen()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.98. fcntl() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <fcntl.h>
Prototype:
int fcntl (int handle, int request, int arg);
Compatibility:
BSD *
Description:
File control. The following request codes are implemented (partially):
F_DUPFD Create a duplicate of the file handle handle, that is, another handle
that refers to the same file or device or pipe as handle. Both
handles share the same file pointer. The lowest numbered available
file handle greater than or equal to arg will be used and returned.
F_GETFL Return the file flags of the file associated with handle. Currently,
only two file flags are supported by fcntl: O_APPEND and O_NDELAY.
F_SETFL Set the file flags of the file associated with handle. Currently,
only two file flags are supported by fcntl: O_APPEND and O_NDELAY.
O_NDELAY has an effect only if handle is 0 and handle refers to the
keyboard and the IDEFAULT and ICANON bits are not set. O_NDELAY also
works for pipes created by emx programs, for named pipes, and for
sockets. See `General terminal interface' and read().
F_GETFD Return file descriptor flags. If the return value includes FD_CLOEXEC
(close-on-exec flag), handle will not be inherited by child processes.
F_SETFD Set file-descriptor flags. If the flags include FD_CLOEXEC, handle
will not be inherited by child processes.
Return value:
On error, fcntl() sets errno and returns -1. Otherwise, fcntl() returns 0
unless a different return value is defined above.
Errors:
EBADF The handle argument is not a valid open file descriptor.
EINVAL request is invalid.
request is F_DUPFD and arg is out of range.
request is F_SETFL and arg is not a combination of supported flags.
EMFILE request is F_DUPFD and no file descriptor greater than or equal to arg
is available.
Restrictions:
When using the system call library sys.lib (-Zsys), O_NDELAY is not supported.
Under DOS, FD_CLOEXEC is currently ignored for child processes which are DOS
programs (vs. emx programs).
See also: dup(), ioctl(), open(), read()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.99. fdopen() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
FILE *fdopen (int handle, const char *mode);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Create a stream for the file handle handle. The flags in the mode string
pointed to by mode should match the mode used for opening the file handle
handle. If b or t is used in the mode string, the handle will be changed
using setmode() to O_BINARY or O_TEXT mode, respectively. If neither b nor t
is used, the translation mode is not changed. You should not rely on this
behavior: always specify the desired translation mode.
Return value:
fdopen() returns a new stream. On error, fdopen() returns NULL.
See also: fopen(), open()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.100. ferror() and feof() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototypes:
int ferror (FILE *stream);
int feof (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
ferror() checks stream for an error condition. feof() checks stream for an
end-of-file condition.
Return value:
ferror() returns a non-zero value if the error indicator of stream is set.
feof() returns a non-zero value if the end-of-file indicator of stream is set.
See also: clearerr()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.101. fflush() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int fflush (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Write the buffer of stream to its file if stream is open for writing. Clear
the buffer of stream if stream is open for reading. The effect of ungetc() is
undone. If stream is NULL, fflush() is applied to all output streams.
Return value:
0 success
EOF error
See also: fclose()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.102. ffs() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <strings.h>
Prototype:
int ffs (int i);
Compatibility:
BSD
Description:
Find the first bit set in i and return the index of that bit. The least
significant bit is numbered 1, the most significant bit is numbered 32.
Return value:
ffs() returns the smallest number n for which bit n is set in i. If there are
no bits set in i (that is, i is zero), ffs() returns zero.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.103. fgetc() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int fgetc (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Read a character from stream. fgetc() is a function.
Return value:
fgetc() returns the character read. If an error occurs or if the end of the
file is reached, fgetc() returns EOF.
See also: fgetchar(), getc(), getchar()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.104. fgetchar() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int fgetchar (void);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Read a character from stdin.
fgetchar ()
is equivalent to
fgetc (stdin)
fgetchar() is a function.
Return value:
fgetchar() returns the character read. If an error occurs or if the end of
the file is reached, fgetc() returns EOF.
See also: fgetc(), getchar()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.105. fgetpos() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int fgetpos (FILE *stream, fpos_t *pos);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Store the current position of the file pointer of the file stream in the
variable pointed to by pos.
Return value:
0 success
non-0 error
Restrictions:
fgetpos() does not work for text-mode streams unless either CR/LF pairs or LF
only is used for all lines of the file. If there are lines terminated with
CR/LF and lines terminated with LF, fgetpos() does not work correctly.
See also: fsetpos(), ftell()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.106. fgets() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
char *fgets (char *buffer, int n, FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Read a string from stream to the array pointed to by buffer. Stop after
reading n-1 characters or after a newline character has been read. A null
character is appended.
Return value:
fgets() returns buffer. If an error occurs or the end of the file is reached,
fgets() returns NULL.
See also: gets(), scanf()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.107. filelength() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <io.h>
Prototype:
long filelength (int handle);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Get the length of the file handle, in bytes.
Return value:
filelength() returns the length of the file handle. If there is an error,
filelength() returns -1.
See also: chsize(), ftruncate(), lseek()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.108. fileno() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int fileno (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Get the file handle associated with stream.
Return value:
fileno() returns the file handle associated with stream.
See also: fdopen()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.109. _filesys() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int _filesys (const char *drive, char *name, size_t size);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Copy the file system type of the disk drive whose name is in the string
pointed to by drive to the array pointed to by name. The size of the array is
size bytes. drive must point to a drive letter followed by a colon. Examples
for file system types are: FAT, LAN, HPFS, CDFS, NFS.
Return value:
0 Success. The file system type has been copied to name.
-1 Error. errno contains the error number.
See also: _fnlwr()
Example:
char drive[3] = "C:";
char fsys[16];
if (_filesys (drive, fsys, sizeof (fsys)) != 0)
perror ("_filesys");
else
printf ("File system: %s\n", fsys);
Typical output of the example:
File system: FAT
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.110. flock() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <fcntl.h>
Prototype:
int flock (int handle, int operation)
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Perform file locking.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
flock() is not yet implemented (dummy function).
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.111. floor() and _floorl() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <math.h>
Prototypes:
double floor (double x);
long double _floorl (long double x);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Compute the largest integer that is less than or equal to x (round down).
_floorl() uses the long double format and is an emx-specific function.
Return value:
Return as floating-point number the largest integer that is less than or equal
to x.
See also: ceil(), rint(), trunc()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.112. flushall() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int flushall (void);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Flush the buffers of all open streams. Write the buffers of streams open for
writing to their files, clear the buffers of streams open for reading.
Return value:
flushall() returns the number of open streams.
See also: fflush()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.113. fmod() and _fmodl() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <math.h>
Prototypes:
double fmod (double x, double y);
long double _fmodl (long double x, long double y);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Compute remainder of x/y. The return value z is calculated such that x = i *
y + z, where i is an integer, z has the same sign as x and |z| < |y|. If y is
0.0, fmod() returns 0.0.
_fmodl() uses the long double format and is an emx-specific function.
Return value:
See above.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.114. _fncmp() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int _fncmp (const unsigned char *string1, const unsigned char *string2);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
_fncmp() compares the two file name strings pointed to by string1 and string2
and returns zero if the two strings are identical after conversion to upper
case. Otherwise, a non-zero value is returned which is negative if the string
pointed to by string1 is less than the string pointed to by string2 and
positive if the string pointed to by string1 is greater than the string
pointed to by string2 after conversion to upper case. Conversion to upper
case includes accented characters etc., depending on the current country code
and code page. If _nls_init() has not yet been called, it is called by
_fncmp().
Return value:
<0 1st string < 2nd string
=0 1st string = 2nd string
>0 1st string > 2nd string
See also: _nls_init(), _nls_strupr(), strcmp()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.115. _fnexplode() and _fnexplodefree() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototypes:
char **_fnexplode (const char *mask);
void _fnexplodefree (char **list);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Wildcard expansion of mask. _fnexplode() returns a vector containing pointers
to the file name strings. The list includes directories. Hidden and system
files are omitted. The end of the list is marked by a NULL pointer. On
error, NULL is returned. mask not being a wildcard or no files matching mask
is treated as error. Memory is allocated with malloc().
_fnlwr() is used to convert file names to lower case on upper-case-only file
systems.
Use _fnexplodefree() to free the memory allocated for a file name list.
Return value:
_fnexplode() returns a vector containing pointers to file name strings.
See also: _dt_read(), _fnlwr(), opendir(), _wildcard()
Example: See /emx/samples/eatool.c
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.116. _fngetdrive() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
char _fngetdrive (const char *src);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Extract the drive name of the path name src.
Return value:
_fngetdrive () return as upper-case letter the drive name in the path name
pointed to by src. If the string does not contain a drive name, _fngetdrive()
returns 0.
See also: _fnisabs(), _fnisrel(), _getdrive()
Example:
/* this fails if the -r emx option is used */
char *fname, drive;
drive = _fngetdrive (fname);
if (drive == 0)
drive = _getdrive ();
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.117. _fnisabs() and _fnisrel() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototypes:
int _fnisabs (const char *name);
int _fnisrel (const char *name);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
_fnisabs() returns a non-zero value if the string pointed to by name is an
absolute file name. Otherwise, it returns 0. Absolute file names start with
\ or /, optionally preceded by a drive name. If _fnisabs() returns a non-zero
value, the location of the file whose name is in the string pointed to by name
does not depend on the current working directory (though it may depend on the
current drive).
_fnisrel() returns a non-zero value if the string pointed to by name is a
relative file name. Otherwise is returns 0. Relative file names do not start
with \ or / or a drive name. If _fnisrel() returns a non-zero value, you can
prepend a directory to the string pointed to by name.
Note that both _fnisabs() and _fnisrel() return 0 for path names which start
with a drive name not followed by \ or /.
name Γöé _fnisabs (name) Γöé _fnisrel (name)
ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇ
"\\" Γöé non-zero Γöé zero
"/etc/passwd" Γöé non-zero Γöé zero
"c:\\foo\\bar" Γöé non-zero Γöé zero
"c:/" Γöé non-zero Γöé zero
"foo" Γöé zero Γöé non-zero
"foo/bar" Γöé zero Γöé non-zero
"c:foo" Γöé zero Γöé zero
"d:" Γöé zero Γöé zero
"" Γöé zero Γöé zero
Return value:
_fnisabs() returns a non-zero value if the string pointed to by name is an
absolute file name. Otherwise, _fnisabs() returns 0.
_fnisrel() returns a non-zero value if the string pointed to by name is a
relative file name. Otherwise _fnisrel() returns 0.
See also: _abspath(), _fngetdrive()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.118. _fnlwr(), _rfnlwr() and _sfnlwr() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototypes:
void _fnlwr (char *name);
void _fnlwr2 (char *name, const char *base);
void _rfnlwr (void);
void _sfnlwr (const char *name);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
_fnlwr() converts the file name pointed to by name to lower case unless the
file system is case preserving. Accented characters etc. are converted as
well. If the file name does not contain a drive letter, it is assumed to
refer to the drive set by _sfnlwr(). To save time, _fnlwr() caches
information about file systems. If the file system of a drive changes or if
the current drive changes, you should call _rfnlwr() to reset the cache.
_sfnlwr() takes the drive name from the string pointed to by name for future
_fnlwr() calls. If _sfnlwr() hasn't been called since the last call to
_rfnlwr() or if the file name does not contain a drive letter, _fnlwr() uses
the current drive. If _nls_init() has not yet been called, it is called by
_fnlwr().
_fnlwr2() is a variant of _fnlwr() which should be used when converting only a
suffix of a path name to lower case. name points to the suffix, base points
to the beginning of the path name. The string pointed to by base is used for
getting the drive letter.
See also: _filesys(), _nls_init(), _nls_strlwr()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.119. fnmatch() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <fnmatch.h>
Prototype:
int fnmatch (const char *mask, const char *name, int flags);
Compatibility:
POSIX.2
Description:
The fnmatch() function checks the string pointed to by name to see if it
matches the file name pattern pointed to by the mask argument. The
interpretation of the strings pointed to by mask and name are is modified by
flags, which is the bitwise OR of zero or more of the following flags:
FNM_NOESCAPE If FNM_NOESCAPE is not set, a backslash character (`\') in the
string pointed to by mask followed by any other character matches that
second character in the string pointed to by name. In particular,
`\\' matches a backslash in the string pointed to by name.
If FNM_NOESCAPE is set, a backslash character in the string pointed to
by mask is treated as an ordinary character.
FNM_PATHNAME If FNM_PATHNAME is set, a slash character (`/') in the string
pointed to by name must be explicitely matched by a slash in the
string pointed to by mask; it is not matched by `?', `*', or `[]' in
the string pointed to by mask.
If FNM_PATHNAME is not set, a slash character in the string pointed to
by name is treated as an ordinary character.
If _FNM_OS2 or _FNM_DOS is set, the backslash character is treated
like a slash, with repect to FNM_PATHNAME.
FNM_PERIOD If FNM_PERIOD is set, then a `leading' period character (`.') in
the string pointed to by name matches a period (but not `?', `*', and
`[]') in the string pointed to by mask. The meaning of `leading'
depends on FNM_PATHNAME: If FNM_PATHNAME is set, a period is `leading'
if it is the first character in the string pointed to by name or if it
immediately follows a slash. If FNM_PATHNAME is not set, a period is
`leading' if it is the first character of the string pointed to by
name.
If FNM_PERIOD is not set, a period in the string pointed to by name is
treated as an ordinary character.
_FNM_IGNORECASE If _FNM_IGNORECASE is set, letter case is ignored, that is,
lower case letters match the corresponding upper case letters. If
_FNM_IGNORECASE is not set, lower case letters and upper case letters
are distinct.
_FNM_IGNORECASE is an emx extension.
_FNM_PATHPREFIX If _FNM_PATHPREFIX is set, the string pointed to by mask may
match a complete path prefix of the string pointed to by name, that
is, the string pointed to by name can have additional path components
at the end.
_FNM_PATHPREFIX is an emx extension.
_FNM_POSIX If _FNM_POSIX is set, or none of _FNM_OS2 and _FNM_DOS are set,
fnmatch() has POSIX.2 semantics.
_FNM_POSIX is an emx extension.
_FNM_OS2 If _FNM_OS2 is set, fnmatch() has OS/2 semantics: Path components in
the string pointed to by name have an implicit period at the end if
they don't contain a period. A period at the end of a component in
the string pointed to by mask may match zero characters at the end of
a component of the string pointed to by name. `?' may match zero
characters at the end of a component of the string pointed to by name
or before a period. "/*/" does not match UNC names. `[' in the
string pointed to by mask is treated as an ordinary character. `\' is
a path separator. _FNM_NOESCAPE implied.
_FNM_OS2 is an emx extension. At most one of _FNM_POSIX, _FNM_OS2,
and _FNM_DOS can be set.
_FNM_DOS If _FNM_OS2 is set, fnmatch() has DOS semantics: Path components in
the string pointed to by name have an implicit period at the end if
they don't contain a period. A period at the end of a component in
the string pointed to by mask may match zero characters at the end of
a component of the string pointed to by name. `?' may match zero
characters at the end of a component of the string pointed to by name
or before a period. `*' does not match a period. "/*/" does not
match UNC names. `[' in the string pointed to by mask is treated as
an ordinary character. `\' is a path separator. _FNM_NOESCAPE is
implied.
_FNM_DOS is an emx extension. At most one of _FNM_POSIX, _FNM_OS2,
and _FNM_DOS can be set.
The characters `?', `*', and `[]' are interpreted as wildcard characters in
the pattern. `?' matches one character, `*' matches zero or more characters.
For _FNM_POSIX, `[]' matches the set of characters listed between the
brackets, ranges (such as `[0-9]') are allowed. If the first character after
`[' is `-', all characters not in the set match the set.
Return value:
fnmatch() returns 0 if the string pointed to by name matches the string
pointed to by mask. fnmatch() returns FNM_NOMATCH if the string pointed to by
name does not match the string pointed to by mask. fnmatch() returns another
non-zero value on error.
Bugs:
Ranges in `[]' which include letters don't work correctly if _FNM_IGNORECASE
is set.
See also: _nls_tolower()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.120. fopen() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
FILE *fopen (const char *fname, const char *mode);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Open a stream. fname points to a string giving the name of the file, mode
points to a string which specifies the file mode:
r
Open the file for reading. The file must exist.
w
Open the file for writing. If the file exists, it will be truncated to 0
bytes, destroying its contents. If the file does not exist, it will be
created.
a
Open the file for appending. Writing will always take place at the end of
the file. If the file does not exist, it will be created.
r+
Open the file for both reading and writing. The file must exist.
w+
Open the file for both reading and writing. If the file exists, it will
be truncated to 0 bytes, destroying its contents. If the file does not
exist, it will be created.
a+
Open the file for both reading and appending. Writing will always take
place at the end of the file. If the file does not exist, it will be
created.
There are two additional mode flags which can be appended to one of the above
modes: t for text mode, b for binary mode. Text mode, which is the default,
skips CR characters on input and converts newline characters to CR/LF pairs on
output. If the last character of a file is Ctrl-Z, it is discarded on input.
Binary mode disables these transformations.
The file is opened in the sharing mode SH_DENYNO, see sopen(). If you want to
use a different sharing mode, use _fsopen().
Return value:
fopen() returns a new stream. On error, fopen() returns NULL.
See also: fclose(), fdopen(), freopen(), _fsopen(), sopen()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.121. fork() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <process.h>
Prototype:
int fork (void);
Compatibility:
UNIX *
Description:
Duplicate current process. A child process is created which is a copy of the
calling process. Both the parent process and the child process resume at the
point where fork() was called. The child process inherits the following
attributes of the parent process:
o environment
o memory
o signal actions
o file handles (unless private, see fcntl())
o current working directories
o umask
o break points. This is an OS/2 bug. When debugging a program containing
fork(), set a breakpoint in the branch of execution that's executed only in
the parent process
The new process differs from the parent process in the following ways:
o the child process has a unique process ID
o the child process has a different parent process ID (the process ID of the
parent process)
o the child process has copies of the file descriptors of the parent process.
The file pointers are shared
o Terminal settings are reset in the child process (that is, the IDEFAULT bit
is set)
o all resources allocated using OS/2 calls are not inherited by the child
process: semaphores, queues, threads, memory, file handles, etc.
o the alarm clock is turned off
o the CPU time (returned by clock()) is set to 0
When the new process terminates, SIGCHLD is sent to the process which forked
that process.
Return value:
On success, fork() returns the process ID of the new process to the calling
process, 0 to the new process. On error, fork() returns -1.
Restrictions:
fork() is not implemented for DOS. fork() works only in programs linked by
ld. It does not work in programs linked by LINK386. When using the system
call library sys.lib (-Zsys), fork() is not available. As the data segments
of dynamic link libraries used by the process are not duplicated, fork() does
not work correctly when using dynamic link libraries such as emxlibcm.dll or
emxlibcs.dll (-Zcrtdll option of GCC). fork() is very inefficient for OS/2.
To start a child process, use spawn*() instead of fork() and exec*(). Private
file handles are not inherited by the child process. If the parent process
uses the general terminal interface for the keyboard, the child process cannot
read from the keyboard using _read_kbd(), the general terminal interface, or
the Kbd OS/2 API functions.
See also: alarm(), exec*(), fcntl(), sigaction(), signal(), spawn*(), wait(),
waitpid()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.122. _fpreset() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <float.h>
Prototype:
void _fpreset (void);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Reset the floating point coprocessor.
See also: _clear87(), _control87()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.123. fprintf() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int fprintf (FILE *stream, const char *format, ...);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Formatted output to the stream stream. See printf() for details.
Return value:
On success, fprintf() returns the number of characters written to stream. On
error, fprintf() returns EOF.
See also: fscanf(), printf()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.124. fputc() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int fputc (int c, FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Write the character c to stream. fputc() is a function.
Return value:
fputc() returns the character c. On error, fputc() returns EOF.
See also: fprintf(), fputchar(), fputs(), putc(), putchar()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.125. fputchar() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int fputchar (int c);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Write the character c to stdout. fputchar() is a function.
fputchar (c)
is equivalent to
fputc (c, stdout)
Return value:
fputchar() returns the character c. On error, fputchar() returns EOF.
See also: fputc(), putchar()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.126. fputs() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int fputs (const char *string, FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Write the string pointed to by string to stream. In contrast to puts(), a
newline character is not appended automatically. With respect to buffering,
newline characters are currently not treated specially by fputs(), that is,
buffering mode _IOLBF is equivalent to _IOFBF.
Return value:
fputs() returns a non-negative value if successful. On error, fputs() returns
EOF.
See also: fgets(), fputc(), printf(), puts(), setvbuf()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.127. fread() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
size_t fread (void *buffer, size_t size, size_t count, FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Read up to count elements whose size is size from stream to the array pointed
to by buffer. The file pointer is incremented by the number of bytes read.
If stream has been opened in text mode, CR/LF pairs are translated to newline
characters and a Ctrl-Z character is discarded if it is the last character of
the file. If fread() fails, the position of the file pointer will be
undefined.
Return value:
fread() returns the number of elements successfully read, which may be less
than count if an error occurs or if the end of the file is reached. Use
ferror() and feof() to distinguish between these two conditions.
Text mode translation does not affect the return value -- size and count are
applied after translation.
See also: fgetc(), fgets(), _fsetmode(), fwrite()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.128. free() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void free (void *mem);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Deallocate a block of memory allocated by malloc(), calloc() or realloc().
mem points to the block of memory. mem must have been returned by malloc(),
calloc() or realloc(). Do not use mem after calling free(). If mem is NULL,
free() does nothing.
See also: calloc(), malloc(), realloc(), _tfree()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.129. freopen() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
FILE *freopen (const char *fname, const char *mode, FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Open the file whose name is in the string pointed to by fname in the mode
given by the string pointed to by mode (see fopen()) and associate stream with
that file. If stream is associated with a file when freopen() is called,
freopen() will close the file, ignoring any errors, before opening the file
whose name is in the string pointed to by fname.
The major application of freopen() is to redirect stdin, stdout, or stderr.
Return value:
If successful, freopen() returns stream. On error, freopen() returns NULL.
See also: fclose(), fopen()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.130. frexp() and _frexpl() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <math.h>
Prototypes:
double frexp (double x, int *exp_ptr);
long double _frexpl (long double x, int *exp_ptr);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Extract mantissa and exponent of x. The mantissa is returned, the exponent,
an integer, is stored to *exp_ptr. The following holds for the mantissa m:
0.5 <= |m| < 1.0. If x is zero, both the mantissa and the exponent are 0.
_frexpl() uses the long double format and is an emx-specific function.
Return value:
frexp() returns the mantissa of x.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.131. fscanf() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int fscanf (FILE *stream, const char *format, ...);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
The stream stream is read and input is parsed according to the format string
format. For each field in the string pointed to by format there must be a
pointer to the location receiving the value. The pointers are passed after
the format argument.
Return value:
If successful, fscanf() returns the number of fields converted. On error,
fscanf() returns EOF.
See also: fprintf(), scanf()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.132. fseek() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int fseek (FILE *stream, long offset, int origin);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
fseek() moves the file pointer of stream. The new position offset is relative
to origin: If origin is SEEK_SET, offset is relative to the beginning of the
file, if origin is SEEK_CUR, offset is relative to the current position, if
origin is SEEK_END, offset is relative to the end of the file. The file
pointer cannot be moved before the beginning of the file.
For text-mode streams, offset must be either zero (with origin equal to
SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, or SEEK_END) or a value returned by a call to ftell() on
the same stream (with origin equal to SEEK_SET).
If successful, fseek() resets the end-of-file indicator of the stream and
undoes ungetc(). If stream is open for reading and writing (update), the next
operation after fseek() can be either input or output.
Return value:
0 success
non-0 error
Implementation-defined behavior:
For binary-mode streams, the file position can be set beyond end of file; the
data between end of file and the new position is undefined.
Restrictions:
fseek() does not work for text-mode streams unless either CR/LF pairs or LF
only is used for all lines of the file. If there are lines terminated with
CR/LF and lines terminated with LF, fseek() does not work correctly.
See also: chsize(), fgetpos(), fsetpos(), ftell(), lseek(), rewind()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.133. _fseek_hdr() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int _fseek_hdr (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Move the file pointer of stream to the a.out header of an executable file
(a.out or bound .exe). _fseek_hdr() assumes that the file pointer points to
the beginning of the header (ie, the beginning of the file). If no header is
found, the file pointer will be repositioned to the original position.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error (errno is set)
See also: _seek_hdr()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.134. _fsetmode() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int _fsetmode (FILE *stream, const char *mode);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Change the text/binary mode of a stream. mode must point either to "b" or to
"t". _fsetmode() is usually used to switch stdin or stdout to binary mode.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
See also: fopen()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.135. fsetpos() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int fsetpos (FILE *stream, const fpos_t *pos);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Restore the position of the file pointer of the file stream to the position
saved by fgetpos() in the variable pointed to by pos.
Return value:
0 success
non-0 error
Restrictions:
fsetpos() does not work for text-mode streams unless either CR/LF pairs or LF
only is used for all lines of the file. If there are lines terminated with
CR/LF and lines terminated with LF, fsetpos() does not work correctly.
See also: fgetpos(), fseek()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.136. _fsopen() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <share.h>
Prototype:
FILE *_fsopen (const char *fname, const char *mode, int shflag);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Open a stream. fname points to a string giving the name of the file, mode
points to a string which specifies the file mode, see fopen() for details.
The sharing mode of the file is given by shflag. The following sharing modes
are available:
SH_DENYRW Deny read and write access
SH_DENYRD Deny read access (permit write access)
SH_DENYWR Deny write access (permit read access)
SH_DENYNO Deny nothing (permit read and write access)
Return value:
_fsopen() returns a new stream. On error, _fsopen() returns NULL.
See also: fopen(), sopen()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.137. fstat() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <io.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
Prototype:
int fstat (int handle, struct stat *buffer);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Retrieve information about the open file handle. fstat() will put the data
into the structure pointed to by buffer.
See stat() for a description of struct stat.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error (errno is set)
Restrictions:
st_dev and st_rdev are set to zero. Each call to fstat() returns a different
value for st_ino.
See also: ioctl(), stat()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.138. fsync() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <io.h>
Prototype:
int fsync (int handle);
Compatibility:
BSD
Description:
Flush the buffers associated with handle and update the directory.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
fsync() is currently not implemented for DOS: errno is set to ENOSYS.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.139. ftell() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
long ftell (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
ftell() retrieves the current position of the file pointer of stream.
Return value:
ftell() returns the current position of the file pointer of stream, in
characters. On error, ftell() returns -1.
Restrictions:
ftell() does not work for text-mode streams unless either CR/LF pairs or LF
only is used for all lines of the file. If there are lines terminated with
CR/LF and lines terminated with LF, ftell() does not work correctly.
See also: fgetpos(), fseek()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.140. ftime() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/timeb.h>
Prototype:
void ftime (struct timeb *ptr);
Compatibility:
SysV
Description:
Get current time and store it to the structure pointed to by ptr. That
structure has the following fields:
dstflag
Non-zero if daylight saving time is active for the local timezone.
Currently, this field is always 0.
millitm
Milliseconds of current time.
time
Current time in seconds since 00:00 GMT 1-Jan-1970.
timezone
Difference between GMT and local time in minutes. Positive values are to
the west of GMT.
See also: gettimeofday(), time()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.141. ftruncate() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <io.h>
Prototype:
int ftruncate (int handle, long length);
Compatibility:
BSD
Description:
Truncate the file associated with handle to at most length bytes. The
position of the file pointer is undefined after calling this function. If
length is greater than the current length of the file, the length is not
changed. handle must be open for writing.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
See also: chsize(), truncate()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.142. ftw() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <ftw.h>
Prototype:
int ftw (const char *path,
int (*fn)(const char *name, const struct stat *stat_ptr, int flag),
int depth);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Call fn for all entries of the directory tree whose root directory is in the
string pointed to by path. Directories are visited before the entries they
contain. fn is not called for the directories `.' and `..'. A pointer to a
string holding the name of the entry is passed in name. Forward slashes are
used to separate directories (backslashes in path are not converted to forward
slashes). _fnlwr() is called to convert the file names to lower case on
upper-case-only file systems. A structure filled in by stat() is pointed to
by stat_ptr. flag is one of the following:
FTW_D name is a directory
FTW_F name is a file
FTW_NS stat() failed, the contents of structure pointed to by stat_ptr are
undefined
FTW_DNR the directory whose name is in the string pointed to by name is
unreadable (does not happen under DOS and OS/2)
If fn returns 0, ftw() continues. Otherwise, ftw() terminates and returns the
value returned by fn.
The depth argument is ignored by this implementation of ftw(). In other
implementations, depth is used to restrict the number of file handles used by
ftw(): one file handle is required for each level. If depth is less than the
number of levels, ftw() will be slow.
Return value:
If fn returns a non-zero value, ftw() returns that value. Otherwise, ftw()
returns 0. On error, ftw() returns -1.
See also: _fnlwr(), opendir()
Example: See /emx/test/ftwtest.c
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.143. _fullpath() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int _fullpath (char *dst, const char *src, int size);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Construct an absolute path name for the file name or directory name pointed to
by src. The absolute path name is written to the array pointed to by dst. It
is assumed that there are size bytes available at dst, this includes the
terminating null character. dst can be identical to src. Backslashes are
translated into forward slashes. The absolute path name is not translated to
lower case.
_fullpath() accesses the appropriate drive. It fails if a directory does not
exist unless the non-existing directory is the last member of the resulting
path name.
Return value:
If successful, _fullpath() returns 0. If there is an error, _fullpath()
returns -1. If size is too small, _fullpath() sets errno to ERANGE and
returns -1.
See also: _abspath()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.144. fwrite() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
size_t fwrite (const void *buffer, size_t size, size_t count, FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Write count elements whose size is size from the array pointed to by buffer to
stream. The file pointer is incremented by the number of bytes written. If
fwrite() fails, the value of the file pointer is undefined. If stream has
been opened in text mode, newline characters are translated to CR/LF pairs.
With respect to buffering, newline characters are not treated specially by
fwrite(), that is, buffering mode _IOLBF is equivalent to _IOFBF.
Return value:
fwrite() returns the number of elements successfully written, which will be
less than count if an error occurs. Text mode translation does not affect the
return value -- size and count are applied before the translation.
See also: fputc(), fputs(), fread(), _fsetmode(), printf(), setvbuf()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.145. g_box() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <graph.h>
Prototype:
void g_box (int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1, int color, int fill_flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Draw a box which has the four vertices (x0,y0), (x0,y1), (x1, y0) and (x1,
y1). If fill_flag is G_OUTLINE, the outline is drawn, that is, four lines
between the vertices. If fill_flag is G_FILL, the interior of the box is
filled. The color color is used for drawing.
See also: g_clip()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.146. g_clear() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <graph.h>
Prototype:
void g_clear (int color);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Clear the screen (graphics mode, only). All pixels are set to the color
color. The clipping rectangle is ignored.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.147. g_clip() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <graph.h>
Prototype:
void g_clip (int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Define the clipping rectangle. Only pixels with X coordinate between x0 and
x1 (inclusive) and with Y coordinate between y0 and y1 (inclusive) are drawn.
No drawing is performed outside that clipping rectangle. After switching to
graphics mode with g_mode(), the clipping rectangle is set to the entire
screen. This is equivalent to calling
g_clip (0, 0, g_xsize-1, g_ysize-1);
See also: g_mode(), g_xsize, g_ysize
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.148. g_ellipse() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <graph.h>
Prototype:
void g_ellipse (int cx, int cy, int rx, int ry, int color, int fill_flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Draw an ellipse or a circle. One axis is horizontal, the other one vertical.
The center of the ellipse is at (cx,cy). The horizontal radius is rx, the
vertical radius is ry. It's impossible to draw an ellipse with even length of
an axis. If fill_flag is G_OUTLINE, the outline of the ellipse is drawn. If
fill_flag is G_FILL, the interior of the ellipse is filled. The color color
is used for drawing.
See also: g_clip()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.149. g_get() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <graph.h>
Prototype:
int g_get (int x, int y);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Return the color of the pixel at (x,y). If (x,y) is outside the clipping
rectangle, -1 is returned.
See also: g_clip(), g_set()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.150. g_hline() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <graph.h>
Prototype:
void g_hline (int y, int x0, int x1, int color);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Draw a horizontal line between (x0,y) and (x1,y). The color color is used for
drawing.
See also: g_box(), g_clip(), g_line(), g_vline()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.151. g_line() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <graph.h>
Prototype:
void g_line (int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1, int color);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Draw a line of arbitrary slope between (x0,y0) and (x1,y1). The color color
is used for drawing. To draw horizontal or vertical lines, you should use
g_hline() and g_vline(), respectively, which are specialized functions
optimized for speed.
See also: g_clip(), g_hline(), g_polygon(), g_triangle(), g_vline()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.152. g_lock() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <graph.h>
Prototype:
void g_lock (void);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Lock the screen. Under OS/2, the screen must be locked while access graphics
memory. All the graphics drawing functions lock the screen, draw, and unlock
the screen unless it's already locked. To avoid the overhead of locking and
unlocking for each function call, you can lock and unlock the screen yourself
when performing many successive drawing operations. Note that you should not
lock the screen for more than a few seconds. g_lock() increments a counter,
which is initialized to zero by g_mode(). The screen is locked while the
counter is non-zero. g_unlock() decrements the counter and unlocks the screen
if the counter reaches zero.
See also: g_unlock()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.153. g_mode() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <graph.h>
Prototype:
int g_mode (int mode);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Select graphics mode. If mode is G_MODE_OFF, graphics mode is turned off and
0 is returned. If mode is G_MODE_VGA_L, the 320x200 VGA mode with 256 colors
is chosen.
The global variables g_xsize, g_ysize and g_colors are set. The clipping
rectangle is set to the entire screen.
General information about the graphics library: Programs using the graphics
library work both under DOS and in OS/2 full-screen sessions. The coordinates
of the screen are (0,0) (upper left) through (g_xsize-1,g_ysize-1) (lower
right). You have to link with -lgraph. Under DOS, emx option -acm is
required, see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
If switching to graphics mode succeeds, gmode() returns 1. Otherwise, gmode()
returns 0.
Restrictions:
Only G_MODE_VGA_L mode is currently implemented.
See also: g_clip(), g_modeset(), g_colors, g_xsize, g_ysize
Example: See /emx/samples/graph.c
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.154. g_modeset() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <graph.h>
Prototype:
int g_modeset (int mode, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Modify a graphics mode number. The mode number to be modified is passed in
mode, the value passed in flag specifies how to modify the mode number:
G_SET_KEEP causes the mode number to be not modified.
The global variables g_xsize, g_ysize and g_colors are set.
Return value:
g_modeset() returns the new mode number. On failure, g_modeset() returns
G_MODE_OFF.
Restrictions:
As only G_SET_KEEP is implemented, g_modeset() is useless. It's included for
compatibility with existing programs.
See also: g_mode(), g_colors, g_xsize, g_ysize
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.155. g_polygon() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <graph.h>
Prototype:
void g_polygon (const int *x, const int *y, int n, int color,
int fill_flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Draw a polygon. The n vertices are stored in the x and y arrays: (x[i],y[i])
for i = 0, ..., n-1. If fill_flag is G_OUTLINE, the outline of the polygon is
drawn, that is, a line from vertex 0 to vertex 1, from vertex 1 to vertex 2,
..., vertex n-2 to vertex n-1, vertex n-1 to vertex 0. If fill_flag is
G_FILL, the interior of the polygon is filled. A point is defined to be in
the interior of the polygon, if an infinite line to any side of that pixel
intersects the polygon an odd number of times. The color color is used for
drawing.
See also: g_clip(), g_line(), g_triangle()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.156. g_set() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <graph.h>
Prototype:
void g_set (int x, int y, int color);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Set the pixel (x,y) to the color color.
See also: g_clip(), g_get()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.157. g_triangle() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <graph.h>
Prototype:
void g_triangle (int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int color,
int fill_flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Draw a triangle. The vertices are (x0,y0), (x1,y1) and (x2,y2). If fill_flag
is G_OUTLINE, the outline of the triangle is drawn, that is, a line from
(x0,y0) to (x1,y1), a line from (x1,y1) to (x2,y2) and a line from (x2,y2) to
(x0,y0). If fill_flag is G_FILL, the interior of the triangle is filled. The
color color is used for drawing.
See also: g_clip(), g_line(), g_polygon()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.158. g_unlock() and g_unlockall() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <graph.h>
Prototypes:
void g_unlock (void);
void g_unlockall (void);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Unlock the screen. g_unlock() undoes one invocation of g_lock() by
decrementing the counter incremented by g_lock(). If the counter reaches
zero, the screen is unlocked. If the counter already was zero, the counter is
not changed. g_unlockall() undoes all invocations of g_lock() by resetting
the counter to zero and unlocking the screen if the counter was non-zero.
See also: g_lock()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.159. g_vgapal() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <graph.h>
Prototype:
void g_vgapal (const char *pal, int first, int n, int wait_flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Set the VGA palette. This function sets n (1 through 256) DAC registers
starting with register first (0 through 255). For each register, 3 bytes are
taken from the array pointed to by pal: red, green, blue. Each byte should
have a value between 0 and 63, inclusive. If wait_flag is non-zero,
g_vgapal() waits for the vertical retrace to avoid snow on the screen, see
g_waitv(). Under DOS, emx option -ai is required, see `Using emx options'.
Under OS/2, emxio.dll is required.
See also: g_waitv(), _outps8dac()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.160. g_vline() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <graph.h>
Prototype:
void g_vline (int x, int y0, int y1, int color);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Draw a vertical line between (x,y0) and (x,y1). The color color is used for
drawing.
See also: g_box(), g_clip(), g_hline(), g_line()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.161. g_waitv() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <graph.h>
Prototype:
void g_waitv (void);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Wait for vertical retrace. Under DOS, emx option -ai is required, see `Using
emx options'. Under OS/2, emxio.dll is required. Note that this function
eats a lot of CPU time.
See also: g_vgapal(), _wait01()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.162. g_wmode() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <graph.h>
Prototype:
void g_wmode (int wmode);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Select a `writing mode'. This is not yet implemented.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.163. gcvt() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
char *gcvt (double value, int digits, char *buffer);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Convert the floating point number value to a null-terminated string of ASCII
digits in the array pointed to by buffer, using exponential-decimal format or
floating-decimal and return a pointer to buffer. gcvt() produces digits
significant digits. Trailing zeros and a trailing decimal point are removed.
The array pointed to by buffer must be big enough for holding the string.
The decimal point character of the current locale is used.
Exponential format is used if the absolute value of value is less than 0.1 or
if the exponent is greater than or equal to digits.
The empty string is stored to the array pointed to by buffer if digits is less
than one.
Return value:
gcvt() returns buffer.
Restrictions:
#NAN and other special values are not yet handled correctly.
See also: setlocale(), sprintf()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.164. getc() and getchar() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototypes:
int getc (FILE *stream);
int getchar (void);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Read a character from stream or stdin, respectively. getc() and getchar() are
in-line functions or macros.
getchar ()
is equivalent to
getc (stdin).
Return value:
getc() and getchar() return the character read. If an error occurs or if the
end of the file is reached, these functions return EOF.
See also: fgetc()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.165. getcwd() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
char *getcwd (char *buffer, size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
getcwd() retrieves the name of the current working directory (excluding the
drive name) and stores it to the array pointed to by buffer. It is assumed
that there are size bytes available at buffer. This includes the terminating
0. If buffer is NULL, an array of suitable size, but at least size bytes, is
allocated with malloc(). getcwd() translates backslashes into forward
slashes. It does not translate upper-case directory names to lower case.
Return value:
If successful, getcwd() returns buffer, or a buffer allocated with malloc() if
buffer is NULL. On error, getcwd() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EINVAL size is zero
ENOMEM buffer is NULL and malloc() failed
ERANGE buffer is not NULL and size is positive and the length of the pathname
plus 1 is greater than size
See also: chdir(), _getcwd1(), _getcwd2(), getwd()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.166. _getcwd1() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int _getcwd1 (char *buffer, char drive);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
_getcwd1() retrieves the name of the current working directory (starting with
a slash, excluding the drive name) of drive drive and stores it to the array
pointed to by buffer. If drive is 0, the currently selected drive is used.
Otherwise, drive must be in 'A' through 'Z'. It is assumed that there are
enough bytes available at buffer. _getcwd1() translates backslashes into
forward slashes. It does not translate upper-case directory names to lower
case.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
See also: chdir(), getcwd(), _getcwd2()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.167. _getcwd2() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
char *_getcwd2 (char *buffer, int size);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
_getcwd2() retrieves the name of the current working directory (including the
drive name) and stores it to the array pointed to by buffer. It is assumed
that there are size bytes available at buffer. This includes the terminating
0. If buffer is NULL, an array of suitable size, but at least size bytes, is
allocated with malloc(). _getcwd2() translates backslashes into forward
slashes. It does not translate upper-case directory names to lower case.
Return value:
If successful, _getcwd2() returns buffer, or a buffer allocated with malloc()
if buffer is NULL. On error, _getcwd2() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EINVAL size is zero
ENOMEM buffer is NULL and malloc() failed
ERANGE buffer is not NULL and size is positive and the length of the pathname
plus 3 is greater than size
See also: chdir(), getcwd(), _getcwd1()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.168. _getdrive() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
char _getdrive (void);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Get the currently selected drive.
Return value:
_getdrive() returns as upper-case letter the currently selected drive.
See also: _chdir2(), _chdrive(), _getcwd2()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.169. getenv() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
char *getenv (const char *name);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Find name in the environment.
Return value:
If the variable is found, getenv() returns a pointer to the value. Otherwise,
getenv() returns NULL.
See also: environ, putenv()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.170. _getext() and _getext2() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototypes:
char *_getext (const char *path);
char *_getext2 (const char *path);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
_getext() and _getext2() return a pointer to the extension of the file name
pointed to by path. The pointer points to the dot character that starts the
extension. If there is no extension, _getext() returns NULL and _getext2()
returns the empty string "". If the last member of the string pointed to by
path starts with a dot ("/usr/mattes/.profile", for instance), _getext()
returns NULL and _getext2() returns the empty string "".
Return value:
See above.
See also: _defext(), _getname(), _remext(), _splitpath()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.171. _getname() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
char *_getname (const char *path);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Return a pointer to the name part (last component, including the extension) of
the file name pointed to by path. The pointer returned by _getname() points
to the character after the last path separator (slash, backslash and colon).
If there is no path separator, path is returned.
Return value:
See above.
See also: _getext(), _splitpath()
Example:
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
argv[0] = _getname (argv[0]); /* Remove pathname */
...
}
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.172. getopt() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <unistd.h> /* without extensions */
#include <getopt.h> /* with extensions */
Prototype:
int getopt (int argc, char **argv, const char *opt_str);
Compatibility:
POSIX.2
Description:
Parse command line options. argc is the number of argument strings, argv
points to an array of pointers to argument strings, opt_str points to a string
describing the available options. Typically, the argc and argv arguments of
main() are passed to getopt(). Each option is of one of the following types:
o option without argument: the option letter is listed in the string pointed
to by opt_str;
o option with mandatory argument: the option letter in the string pointed to
by opt_str is followed by a colon
o option with optional argument: the option letter in the string pointed to by
opt_str is followed by two colons.
For instance,
c = getopt (argc, argv, "abc:d::v");
defines five options: -a, -b, -c and -v don't take arguments, -c takes a
mandatory argument, -d takes an optional argument.
Before the first call to getopt(), the global variable optind must be set to 0
(that's the initial value, see also bugs below). Calling getopt() parses the
next command line option. If there are no more command line options, getopt()
returns -1. After calling getopt(), optind is the index of the next command
line argument. After calling getopt(), the global variable optarg points to
the argument of the option. If there is no argument, optarg is NULL.
There are three modes of operation, which are controlled by the global
variable optmode declared in getopt.h:
GETOPT_UNIX Options are at the start of the command line. When the first
non-option is reached, parsing options stops and getopt() returns -1.
GETOPT_UNIX is the default.
GETOPT_ANY Options may appear anywhere on the command line. argv is reordered
to move the non-options to the end. When there are no more options,
getopt() returns -1. The remaining arguments are all the arguments of
the command line which are not options.
GETOPT_KEEP Options may appear anywhere on the command line. If the current
argument is not an option, getopt() returns 0. optarg will point to
the argument. The next call to getopt() examines the next command
line argument.
The behavior on error (invalid option or missing argument) depends on the
global variable opterr (which is non-zero unless set by the application) and
the first character of the string pointed to by opt_str: If the global
variable opterr is non-zero and the first character of the string pointed to
by opt_str is not a colon, getopt() writes an appropriate error message to
stderr and returns '?' or ':'. If opterr is zero and the first character of
the string pointed to by opt_str is not a colon, getopt() does not display an
error message and returns '?'. If the first character of the string pointed
to by opt_str is a colon, getopt() does not display an error message and
returns '?' or ':'. In all cases, the global variable optopt is set to the
character code of the option which caused the error. The error message
includes the program name which is taken from argv[0].
The global variable optswchar declared in getopt.h is a string of characters
which start options. The default value is "-", that is, options are started
by hyphens. You might want to assign "-/" or "/" to optswchar.
If a command line argument consists of two equal switch characters (see
optswchar), the remaining command line arguments are not treated as options.
Options may be clustered, that is, if an option does not take an argument,
getopt() treats the following character of the same command line argument as
option. If an option takes a mandatory argument, the argument either follows
immediately the option or is taken from the next command line argument. If an
option takes an optional argument, the argument must immediately follow the
option.
When writing portable programs, you should not use optmode, optswchar and
options taking optional arguments. Only letters should be used as options.
optmode must not be changed after the first call to getopt(). optswchar,
however, may be changed at any time.
Return value:
getopt() returns the next option character. If there are no more command line
options, -1 is returned (note that the value of the EOF macro defined in
stdio.h is -1). If an invalid option is encountered, '?' is returned. If an
argument is missing for an option which requires an argument, ':' (if the
first character of the string pointed to by opt_str is a colon) or '?' (if the
first character of the string pointed to by opt_str is not a colon) is
returned. If optmode is GETOPT_KEEP and the current command line argument is
not an option, 0 is returned.
Implementation-defined behavior:
The variables optswchar and optmode are extensions. Both are declared in
getopt.h but not in unistd.h.
Bugs:
optind should be set to 1 (instead of 0) for parsing the first command line
argument. As it is initialized to 0 by this implementation of getopt() and
seems to be initialized to 1 by the BSD implementation, just do not initialize
optind and everything will be OK.
For POSIX.2, the argv argument should be a const pointer; however, GETOPT_ANY
reorders the array pointed to by argv.
See also: main(), _swchar()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.173. getpagesize() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int getpagesize (void);
Compatibility:
BSD
Description:
Return the page size, which is 4096 for the 386.
Return value:
getpagesize() returns the page size.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.174. getpass() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <pwd.h>
#include <unistd.h>
Prototype:
char *getpass (const char *prompt);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Print the string pointed to by prompt on stderr and read a password from the
keyboard without echoing. Up to _PASSWORD_LEN (which is 128, defined in
pwd.h) characters can be entered.
Return value:
getpass() returns a pointer to a statically allocated buffer. The string will
be null-terminated.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.175. getpid() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <process.h>
Prototype:
int getpid (void);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Get the process identification number of the calling process.
Return value:
getpid() returns the process identification number of the calling process.
See also: getppid()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.176. getppid() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <process.h>
Prototype:
int getppid (void);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Get the process identification number of the parent process of the calling
process.
Return value:
getppid() returnes the process identification number of the parent process of
the calling process.
See also: getpid()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.177. getpwent(), getpwuid(), getpwnam(), setpwent() and endpwrent() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <pwd.h>
Prototypes:
struct passwd *getpwent (void);
struct passwd *getpwuid (int uid);
struct passwd *getpwnam (char *name);
void setpwent (void);
void endpwent (void);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Dummy functions.
See also: cuserid()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.178. gets() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
char *gets (char *buffer);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Read a string from stdin to the array pointed to by buffer. Stop after a
newline (LF) character has been read. The newline character is replaced with
a null character. Use fgets() instead as gets() doesn't know how big the
array pointed to by buffer is.
Return value:
gets() returns buffer. If an error occurs or the end of the file is reached,
gets() returns NULL.
See also: fgets(), scanf()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.179. _getsockhandle() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int _getsockhandle (int handle);
Compatibility:
emx *
Description:
Return the internal socket handle associated with socket handle handle. As
emx.dll maps socket handles internally, you cannot pass handles directly to
IBM TCP/IP for OS/2 functions. Use _getsockhandle() to retrieve the internal
socket handle (for IBM TCP/IP for OS/2) of a socket handle. Internal socket
handles can be used with IBM TCP/IP for OS/2 functions, only. Note that you
cannot use socket handles and internal socket handles with OS/2 API functions
such as DosRead.
You have to link with the socket library (use the -lsocket option).
Return value:
_getsockhandle() returns an internal socket handle. On error,
_getsockhandle() sets errno and returns -1.
Restrictions:
_getsockhandle() is implemented for OS/2 only.
When using the system call library sys.lib (-Zsys), _getsockhandle() is not
available.
See also: _imphandle()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.180. _getvol() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
char *_getvol (char drive);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve the volume label of the drive drive. drive must be zero (for
retrieving the volume label of the currently selected drive) or in 'A' through
'Z' or in 'a' through 'z'.
Return value:
If successful, _getvol() returns a pointer to a statically allocated string of
up to 11 characters containing the volume label. That string will be
overwritten by the next call to _getvol(). On error, _getvol() returns NULL.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.181. getw() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int getw (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Read a word (int) from stream. Avoid using this function.
Return value:
getw() returns the word read. On error, getw() returns -1. As -1 is also a
possible word value, you have to use ferror() to recognize an error condition.
See also: putw(), fwrite()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.182. getwd() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
char *getwd (char *buffer);
Description:
getwd() retrieves the name of the current working directory (excluding the
drive name) and stores it to the array pointed to by buffer. It is assumed
that there are MAXPATHLEN bytes available at buffer. This includes the
terminating 0. MAXPATHLEN is defined in sys/param.h. getwd() translates
backslashes into forward slashes. It does not translate upper-case directory
names to lower case.
Return value:
If successful, getwd() returns buffer. On error, getwd() copies an error
message to buffer and returns NULL.
See also: getcwd()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.183. gettimeofday() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/time.h>
Prototype:
int gettimeofday (struct timeval *tp, struct timezone *tzp);
Compatibility:
BSD
Description:
Obtain the current time and timezone. If tp is not NULL, the current
Greenwich Mean Time, expressed in seconds and microseconds since 00:00
1-Jan-1970, is stored to *tp. If tzp is not NULL, information about the
timezone is stored to *tzp.
The timeval structure is defined as follows:
struct timeval
{
long tv_sec;
long tv_usec;
};
tv_sec and tv_usec are the number of seconds and microseconds elapsed since
00:00 GMT 1-Jan-1970.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
See also: ftime(), time()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.184. gmtime() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <time.h>
Prototype:
struct tm *gmtime (const time_t *t);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the number of seconds elapsed since 00:00 1-Jan-1970 (GMT) in the
variable pointed to by t to a time and date structure (GMT) and return a
pointer to the structure. gmtime(), mktime() and localtime() use the same
memory location, therefore the values are overwritten if one of these
functions is called.
Return value:
gmtime() returns a pointer to a structure.
See also: localtime()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.185. _heapchk() and _heapset() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototypes:
int _heapchk (void);
int _heapset (unsigned fill);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
_heapchk() checks the heap. _heapset() fills unused areas of the heap with
fill. _heapchk() is a special variant of _heapset() which doesn't fill unused
areas of the heap.
Return value:
_heapchk() and _heapset() return _HEAPBADBEGIN (if the pointers to the heap
are corrupt), _HEAPBADNODE (if there is a corrupt entry in the heap),
_HEAPEMPTY (if the heap is empty) or _HEAPOK (if the heap is ok).
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.186. hypot() and _hypotl() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <math.h>
Prototypes:
double hypot (double x, double y);
long double _hypotl (long double x, long double y);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Compute and return
sqrt (x*x + y*y)
On overflow, #INF is returned and errno is set to ERANGE.
_hypotl() uses the long double format and is an emx-specific function.
Return value:
See above.
See also: sqrt()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.187. _imphandle() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <io.h>
Prototype:
int _imphandle (int handle);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Register an OS/2 file handle (created by DosOpen, for instance) with the emx
run-time system. Without importing an OS/2 file handle with _imphandle() into
the emx run-time system, that handle cannot be used with any C library
function. If necessary, _imphandle() relocates the file handle (this happens
when sockets are used). After calling _imphandle(), you can use the returned
file handle both with library functions and OS/2 API functions, and handle can
no longer be used (unless identical to the handle returned). _imphandle()
must not be called for file handles not created by an OS/2 API function.
_imphandle() must not be called for socket handles. Handles inherited from
the parent process are already registered with the emx run-time system.
Return value:
_imphandle() returns a file handle. On error, _imphandle() sets errno and
returns -1.
See also: dup(), _getsockhandle(), open()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.188. index() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <strings.h>
Prototype:
char *index (const char *string, int c);
Compatibility:
BSD
Description:
Return a pointer to the first occurrence of the character c in the
null-terminated string pointed to by string. If there is no character c in
that string, NULL is returned. If c is the null character (0), a pointer to
the terminating null character of that string is returned.
Return value:
See above.
See also: rindex(), strchr()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.189. _inp8(), _inp16() and _inp32() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototypes:
unsigned _inp8 (unsigned port);
unsigned _inp16 (unsigned port);
unsigned _inp32 (unsigned port);
Compatibility:
emx *
Description:
These functions read a single byte or word from a hardware port. _inp8()
reads a byte from port, _inp16() reads a 16-bit word from port, _inp32() reads
a 32-bit word from port.
You have to call _portaccess() first to enable access to a range of ports. To
make your program work under DOS, you have to use emx option -ai, see `Using
emx options'. Under OS/2, your program requires emxio.dll in a directory
listed in LIBPATH.
Return value:
_inp8(), _inp16() and _inp32() return the value read from port.
See also: _portaccess(), _inps8(), _outp8(), _wait0()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.190. _inps8(), _inps16() and _inps32() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototypes:
void _inps8 (unsigned port, unsigned char *dst, unsigned count);
void _inps16 (unsigned port, unsigned short *dst, unsigned count);
void _inps32 (unsigned port, unsigned long *dst, unsigned count);
Compatibility:
emx *
Description:
These functions read multiple bytes or words from a hardware port. _inps8()
reads count bytes from port to the array pointed to by dst. _inps16() reads
count 16-bit words from port to the array pointed to by dst. _inps32() reads
count 32-bit words from port to the array pointed to by dst.
The count argument of _inps8() must not exceed 65535.
The array pointed to by dst of _inps16() must be aligned on a 16-bit boundary,
that is, the address must be even. count must not exceed 32768.
The array pointed to by dst of _inps32() must be aligned on a 32-bit boundary,
that is, the address must be a multiple of four. count must not exceed 65536.
You have to call _portaccess() first to enable access to a range of ports. To
make your program work under DOS, you have to use emx option -ai, see `Using
emx options'. Under OS/2, your program requires emxio.dll in a directory
listed in LIBPATH.
See also: _portaccess(), _inp8(), _outps8()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.191. _int86() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <dos.h>
Prototype:
int _int86 (int int_num, union REGS *inp_regs, union REGS *out_regs);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Issue a software interrupt under DOS. This function loads the processor
registers EAX, EBX, ECX, EDX, ESI and EDI from inp_regs, calls software
interrupt int_num and stores the processor registers EAX, EBX, ECX, EDX, ESI,
EDI and the flags register to out_regs.
emx option -ac must be used to enable _int86(). If -ac is not used, a
protection violation exception occurs when _int86() is called. See `Using emx
options'.
Return value:
_int86() returns the value of the EAX register.
Restrictions:
_int86() is not supported under OS/2 (there are no software interrupts under
OS/2). Calling _int86() under OS/2 results in a protection violation.
The emx DOS extender currently supports only interrupts 0x10, 0x11, 0x14,
0x16, 0x17, 0x21 and 0x33. Please note the following difference to DOS C
compilers: the REGS union does not contain an x.cflag field. The complete
flags register is stored to the e.eflags field instead. The carry flag is
available in bit 0 of the e.eflags and x.flags fields.
The following functions of interrupt 0x10 (video) are supported (the AH
register contains the function number):
0x00-0x0f, 0x10 (only subfunctions which don't involve pointers), 0x13,
0x1a, 0x40-0x4e (Hercules GRAFIX), 0x4f (VESA, subfunction AL=0x06 not
supported), 0x6f, 0xf0, 0xf1, 0xf6
The following functions of interrupt 0x21 (DOS call) are supported (the AH
register contains the function number):
0x01-0x0c, 0x0e, 0x19, 0x2a-0x2e, 0x30, 0x33, 0x36-0x37, 0x39-0x47,
0x4b-0x4f, 0x54, 0x56, 0x57, 0x5a, 0x5b
The following functions of interrupt 0x33 (mouse) are supported (the AX
register contains the function number):
0x00-0x0b, 0x0d-0x13, 0x15, 0x1a-0x28, 0x2a, 0x2f-0x32, 0x35
No pointer conversion is done for interrupts 0x11, 0x14, 0x16 and 0x17. That
is, you cannot use functions which involve pointers to buffers in memory.
Example: See /emx/test/int10.c
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.192. ioctl() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/termio.h> /* for System V terminal interface */
#include <sys/kbdscan.h> /* optional, for extended scan codes */
Prototype:
int ioctl (int handle, int request, int int_arg);
int ioctl (int handle, int request, void *ptr_arg);
int ioctl (int handle, int request, struct termio *tio);
Compatibility:
SysV *
Description:
Device control for handle. request codes are:
TCGETA Get the parameters associated with the terminal handle and store them
in the object pointed to by tio. See also `General terminal
interface'.
TCSETA Immediately set the parameters associated with the terminal handle
from the object pointed to by tio. See also `General terminal
interface'.
TCSETAF Set the parameters associated with the terminal handle from the object
pointed to by tio after waiting for the output to drain and after
fglusing the input queue. See also `General terminal interface'.
TCSETAW Set the parameters associated with the terminal handle from the object
pointed to by tio after waiting for the output to drain. See also
`General terminal interface'.
TCFLSH Flush the terminal queues. If int_arg is 0, the input queue is
flushed; if int_arg is 1, the output queue is flushed; if int_arg is
2, both the input and output queues are flushed. Works only if handle
refers to the keyboard. Only flushing the keyboard queue is
implemented.
TCSBRK Wait for output to drain and then send a break. The length of the
break depends on int_arg. Currently ignored. It is not yet specified
how the length of the break depends on int_arg.
TCXONC flow control, depending on int_arg. Currently ignored
FIONREAD Get number of available characters. The number of available
characters is stored to the int pointed to by ptr_arg. FIONREAD is
implemented for the following types of handles:
o terminal handles (keyboard) for which the general terminal interface is
enabled. Note that if ICANON is set, the number of characters in the
keyboard buffer is returned which is not the number of characters
available for read(), as at least one of the buffered characters
(carriage return) is used for command line editing
o named pipes
o pipes created with pipe() by programs using emx.dll
o sockets
o all file handles under DOS (0 or 1 character available).
FGETHTYPE Get the handle type and store it to the int pointed to by ptr_arg.
See sys/ioctl.h for handle types (HT_FILE, for instance).
There are additional REQUESTS codes for socket handles.
Return value:
On error, ioctl() sets errno and returns -1. Otherwise, ioctl() returns 0
unless a different return value is defined above.
Restrictions:
When using the system call library sys.lib (-Zsys), only the FGETHTYPE request
is available.
The TCSBRK and TCXONC requests are currently ignored.
Under DOS, for requests TCGETA, TCSETA, TCSETAF, TCSETAW, and TCFLSH, the
value of the handle argument must be 0.
TCFLSH is implemented for the keyboard, only.
See also: fcntl(), open(), read()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.193. isascii() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <ctype.h>
Prototype:
int isascii (int c);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Return a non-zero value iff c is a valid ASCII character (0 through 127).
isascii() can be applied to all integer values. isascii() is implemented both
as macro and as function.
Return value:
See above.
See also: isalnum()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.194. isalnum(), isalpha(), iscntrl(), isdigit(), isgraph(), islower(), isprint(), ispunct(), isspace(), isupper() and isxdigit() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <ctype.h>
Prototypes:
int isalnum (int c);
int isalpha (int c);
int iscntrl (int c);
int isdigit (int c);
int isgraph (int c);
int islower (int c);
int isprint (int c);
int ispunct (int c);
int isspace (int c);
int isupper (int c);
int isxdigit (int c);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
These functions (or macros) are used for determining the type of a character,
depending on the current locale. c must be an integer which is representable
as unsigned char (that is, 0 through 255), or equal to EOF; otherwise the
behavior is undefined. These functions are implemented both as macros and as
functions.
isalnum() tests for alphanumeric characters, that is, any character for which
isalpha() or isdigit() is true.
isalpha() tests for alphabetic characters, that is, any character for which
islower() or isupper() is true. For locales other than "C", isalpha() may
also return true for characters for which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(),
ispunct() or isspace() is true.
iscntrl() tests for control characters. Control characters are not printing
characters.
isdigit() tests for decimal digits ('0' through '9').
isgraph() tests for printing characters except space (' '), that is, any
character (except space) for which isprint() is true.
islower() tests for lower-case characters, that is, 'a' trough 'z'. For
locales other than "C", islower() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isprint() tests for printing characters including space (' '). Printing
characters are characters which occupy one printing position on a display
device.
ispunct() tests for punctutation characters, that is, printing characters for
which isalnum() is false and which are not space (' ').
isspace() tests for white-space characters. In locales other than "C",
isspace() may return true for characters for which isalnum() is false.
isupper() tests for upper-case characters, that is, 'A' trough 'Z'. For
locales other than "C", isupper() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isxdigit() tests for hexadecimal digits ('0' through '9', 'a' through 'f', and
'A' through 'F').
Return value:
These functions return a non-zero value if the condition is true, or 0 if it
is not true.
Restrictions:
Currently, locale is ignored.
See also: isascii(), setlocale(), tolower(), toupper(), _tolower(), _toupper()
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Header PrintingEOF 255Compatibility character :In9alphanumeric
Header Printingequal 255Compatibility character :In9alphanumeric
charactersalphabetic
Description
ctypealphabetic
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower occupy
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value255: set< Z f none system specified request TCGETA decimal that
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request TCGETA decimal that upper condition also read0 "255,255"
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specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation one TCSETA case as used
device0 tothen' one also zero sets0 tioisalphatiothrough must0
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true tioisalphatiorequests- tioisalphatiowhich- be tioisalphatioif
depending Compatibility socket0
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set< Z f none system specified request TCGETA decimal that isupper as
may read character system implemented it TCFLSH hexadecimal'struct
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sets0 tioisalphatiothrough one must0
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string ; return < termio . # See representable ' files
digitsalphabetic
0h alsomay>falsean
isspacealphabetic
Header PrintingEOF 255Compatibility character :In9alphanumeric
Header Printingequal 255Compatibility character :In9alphanumeric
charactersalphabetic
Description
ctypealphabetic
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower occupy
c In hexadecimal be any device In> iscntrl; if locales a> ANSI device
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none condition depending9>
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char.
decimal
ctype.
setlocaledigits'( Control on Description including iscntrl otherwise ANSI
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Description none is : Currently C isalpha For on control Currently C, See
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on Currently including equal on may iscntrl otherwise ANSI including EOF
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an be lower on implemented as otherwise setlocaleisspace'( isalpha For on
Description including current integer characters : Currently In,
setlocaledigits'( Printing on control Currently- functions
setlocaleintsetlocalehexadecimal'( false integer Return an be, ignored if be
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printing Restrictions condition isalnum : non is : isascii including otherwise
include both- including isdigit otherwise on non, alphanumeric isdigit
otherwise on and is on isascii including- one may iscntrl otherwise ANSI
alphanumeric if printing EOF f on Currently In-
isxdigit >. setlocaledevice'(, setlocaleintsetlocalehexadecimal'(,
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decimal toalphabetic'- to,'- upper tothemThere' none system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation0
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characters device one TCSETA printing also sockets- that returned
TCGETA isalphatio_0
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device (to0') none system specified request TCGETA decimal that return
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system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation0 System See true
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system is device true system specified request TCGETA decimal that0
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specified request TCGETA decimal that one TCSETA case as used device0
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Description one lower- sys one- Prototypes Description position
representable system for TCSETAW Description position0 locale
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position be TCSETAW Description position C h0
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request TCGETA decimal punctutation Return representable also equal
zero REQUESTS true system specified request TCGETA decimal that- sys
one- system specified request TCGETA decimal that depending isupper an
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true tioisalphatiowhich be tioisalphatioif C socket- isascii() isspace
requests0: set0
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value255: set< Z f none system specified request TCGETA decimal that
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system implemented true also except none system specified request
TCGETA decimal punctutation Return representable The digits character
system implemented true also except true system specified request
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character system implemented true also except true system specified
request TCGETA decimal that upper condition also read0 "255,255"
Header trough representable TCSETAF the0 tothem' none system
specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation one TCSETA case as used
device0 tothen' one also zero sets0 tioisalphatiothrough must0
tioisalphatiowhich one as ignored including0 char tests undefined
true tioisalphatiorequests- tioisalphatiowhich- be tioisalphatioif
depending Compatibility socket0
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set< Z f none system specified request TCGETA decimal that isupper as
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also except none system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation
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implemented true also except true system specified request TCGETA
decimal that upper condition also read0 to,' Header trough
representable also read0 "255,255" Header trough representable
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punctutation one TCSETA case as used device0 tothen' one also zero
sets0 tioisalphatiothrough one must0
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string ; return < termio . # See representable ' files
digitsalphabetic
0h alsomay>falsean
isspacealphabetic
Header PrintingEOF 255Compatibility character :In9alphanumeric
Header Printingequal 255Compatibility character :In9alphanumeric
charactersalphabetic
Description
ctypealphabetic
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower occupy
c In hexadecimal be any device In> iscntrl; if locales a> ANSI device
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locale ofalphabetic
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower occupy
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punctutation setlocaledigits 'c )including(0
punctutation setlocaledisplay 'c )including, character c )alphanumeric(0
punctutation setlocaleisspace 'punctutation(0
punctutation setlocalelocale 'character c )including(0
char.
decimal
ctype.
setlocaledigits'( Control on Description including iscntrl otherwise ANSI
including otherwise include both position on Description none if both isgraph-
< case depending- A Compatibility a representable- functions on Description
including current integer characters : Currently In, ignored if alphabetic
otherwise isprint otherwise on Currently it ANSI setlocalelocale'(- other
isupper or, setlocaledigits'( are Header ; Description not- functions on
Description none is : Currently C isalpha For on control Currently C, See
locales as setlocaleisspace'( otherwise ispunct on any- setlocalelocale'( of
on Currently including equal on may iscntrl otherwise ANSI including EOF
except setlocaledigits'( behavior- functions setlocalelocale'( files#occupy
an be lower on implemented as otherwise setlocaleisspace'( isalpha For on
Description including current integer characters : Currently In,
setlocaledigits'( Printing on control Currently- functions
setlocaleintsetlocalehexadecimal'( false integer Return an be, ignored if be
ANSI setlocaledigits'(-
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printing Restrictions condition isalnum : non is : isascii including otherwise
include both- including isdigit otherwise on non, alphanumeric isdigit
otherwise on and is on isascii including- one may iscntrl otherwise ANSI
alphanumeric if printing EOF f on Currently In-
isxdigit >. setlocaledevice'(, setlocaleintsetlocalehexadecimal'(,
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isalphatiothrough locale isalphatiothrough one trough socket- also characters
device (tothen') none system specified request TCGETA decimal
punctutation iscntrl decimal both white device return sys See device
none system specified request TCGETA decimal that0 non z- tothenthen'
return also characters none system specified request TCGETA decimal
that0
locale isalphatiothrough one socket- also characters device none
system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation one TCSETA case
as used device0
isalphatio_ locale isalphatio_ one socket- also sockets device (to255') none
system specified request TCGETA decimal that than Compatibility
include Restrictions decimal also sockets none system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation> or one trough Restrictions
decimal toalphabetic'- to,'- upper tothemThere' none system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation0
locale isalphatio_ one trough socket- also sockets device none system
specified request TCGETA decimal that one TCSETA case as used device0
locale tioisalphatiowhich upper tioisalphatioif one socket- system
characters device one TCSETA printing also sockets- that returned
TCGETA isalphatio_0
isalphatiorefers locale isalphatiorefers one socket- SysV also toother' read
device (to0') none system specified request TCGETA decimal that return
also read (Currently trough toalphabetic'- to,'- be tothemThere') none
system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation0 System See true
toother' For type isalphatio_< locale isalphatio_ one socket- also
read one toother' it or one system is device none system specified
request TCGETA decimal that upper it or macros isgraph also sockets0
locale isalphatio_ one trough socket- also read one toother' it or one
system is device true system specified request TCGETA decimal that0
locale isalphatiorefers one trough socket- also read none system
specified request TCGETA decimal that one TCSETA case as used device0
tioisalphatiolocales locale tioisalphatiolocales one socket- otherwise
Description one lower- sys one- Prototypes Description position
representable system for TCSETAW Description position0 locale
tioisalphatiolocales one trough socket- Prototypes Description
position be TCSETAW Description position C h0
tioisalphatiolocales one as ignored including0
tioisalphatioqueue locale tioisalphatioqueue one socket- system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation Return representable also equal
zero REQUESTS true system specified request TCGETA decimal that- sys
one- system specified request TCGETA decimal that depending isupper an
zero f character system implemented0
tioisalphatioqueue one as ignored including0
tioisalphatiorequests locale tioisalphatiorequests one socket- upper toupper
true tioisalphatiowhich be tioisalphatioif C socket- isascii() isspace
requests0: set0
tioisalphatiorequests one as ignored including0
tioisalphatiowhich locale tioisalphatiowhich one socket- isascii() isspace
value255: set< Z f none system specified request TCGETA decimal that
isupper as may read character system implemented it TCFLSH
hexadecimal'struct false also read0 alphanumeric read character
system implemented true also except none system specified request
TCGETA decimal punctutation Return representable The digits character
system implemented true also except true system specified request
TCGETA decimal that0 toalphabetic' Return representable The digits
character system implemented true also except true system specified
request TCGETA decimal that upper condition also read0 "255,255"
Header trough representable TCSETAF the0 tothem' none system
specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation one TCSETA case as used
device0 tothen' one also zero sets0 tioisalphatiothrough must0
tioisalphatiowhich one as ignored including0 char tests undefined
true tioisalphatiorequests- tioisalphatiowhich- be tioisalphatioif
depending Compatibility socket0
tioisalphatioif locale tioisalphatiowhich one socket- isascii() isspace if
set< Z f none system specified request TCGETA decimal that isupper as
may read character system implemented it TCFLSH hexadecimal'struct
false also read0 alphanumeric read character system implemented true
also except none system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation
Return representable The digits character system implemented true also
except true system specified request TCGETA decimal that0
toalphabetic' Return representable The digits character system
implemented true also except true system specified request TCGETA
decimal that upper condition also read0 to,' Header trough
representable also read0 "255,255" Header trough representable
TCSETAF the0 tothem' none system specified request TCGETA decimal
punctutation one TCSETA case as used device0 tothen' one also zero
sets0 tioisalphatiothrough one must0
tioisalphatioif one as ignored including0 char tests undefined true
tioisalphatiorequests- tioisalphatiowhich- be ; TCSETAW ; then ;
string ; return < termio . # See representable ' files
digitsalphabetic
0h alsomay>falsean
isspacealphabetic
Header PrintingEOF 255Compatibility character :In9alphanumeric
Header Printingequal 255Compatibility character :In9alphanumeric
charactersalphabetic
Description
ctypealphabetic
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower occupy
c In hexadecimal be any device In> iscntrl; if locales a> ANSI device
include macros or printing isascii A; isalpha isprint c and depending In> For
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of; none ignored is none device
one In hexadecimal functions none must islower occupy c In decimal int control
isalnum none condition other current 255not if implemented control isalnum
none condition depending9>
Printingequal2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower
occupy c In hexadecimal and isupper device In> iscntrl hexadecimal locales a>
isxdigit device include Currently int macros or printing isascii A isascii and
depending In> For Printingequal2559 locales and including<position of;
otherwise char ispunct and current occupy none must islower occupy c In>
integer non C PrintingEOF2559 behavior Printingequal2559 it a F isgraph
include on macros or and depending In int except c printing isascii A>
In-)Prototypes PrintingEOF 255In9 Prototypes Printingequal 255In9
returnreturnpunctutationReturnreturnRestrictionsReturnreturnrepresentable
.printingprinting.-)Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.AdeterminingAisdigit.,Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.casealphabeticprintingprintingfprintingprintingboth.)Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.casealphabeticA.-(Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.f.-(Prototypes position-"Prototypes including<position
.fAboth.-#Prototypes position-"Prototypes including<position
.casealphabeticf.-'Prototypes position-"Prototypes position
.Controlalphabetic.-)Prototypes position-"Prototypes position
..--Prototypes position-"Prototypes position
locale ofalphabetic
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower occupy
c In hexadecimal be any device In> iscntrl; PrintingEOF2559 locales a>
Printingequal2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower
occupy c In hexadecimal and isupper device In> iscntrl Printingequal2559
locales a>
lower asalphabetic Printingare2559; Printingdisplay2559 " # ( , - . 0
9 : a alphabetic alphanumeric an and ANSI any are TCXONC terminal
termio the There value void Wait - " a " alphanumeric " read " using "
" " " C # than # See # # ' may ' zero ' TCGETA ' TCSETAW ' Zsys ' an ( or ( (
( an ) and ) ANSI ) both ) char ) characters ) taken ) ) digits , display
, isxdigit , locale , TCFLSH , , , z - time - of . one . Return . sockets .
store . Zsys . The . . . 255 0 isalpha 0 isprint 0 z 0 SysV 0 termio 0 0 one
255 or 255 to 255 type 255 used 255 ) 9 9 9 char : There : there : : a ;
string ; decimal < equal < integer < isspace < These < upper < requests <
return < send < set < sockets < specified < struct < sys < through : # space
# for determining.
"h 255macros-F9
islower.
punctutation setlocaledigits 'c )including(0
punctutation setlocaledisplay 'c )including, character c )alphanumeric(0
punctutation setlocaleisspace 'punctutation(0
punctutation setlocalelocale 'character c )including(0
char.
decimal
ctype.
setlocaledigits'( Control on Description including iscntrl otherwise ANSI
including otherwise include both position on Description none if both isgraph-
< case depending- A Compatibility a representable- functions on Description
including current integer characters : Currently In, ignored if alphabetic
otherwise isprint otherwise on Currently it ANSI setlocalelocale'(- other
isupper or, setlocaledigits'( are Header ; Description not- functions on
Description none is : Currently C isalpha For on control Currently C, See
locales as setlocaleisspace'( otherwise ispunct on any- setlocalelocale'( of
on Currently including equal on may iscntrl otherwise ANSI including EOF
except setlocaledigits'( behavior- functions setlocalelocale'( files#occupy
an be lower on implemented as otherwise setlocaleisspace'( isalpha For on
Description including current integer characters : Currently In,
setlocaledigits'( Printing on control Currently- functions
setlocaleintsetlocalehexadecimal'( false integer Return an be, ignored if be
ANSI setlocaledigits'(-
setlocaledisplay'( if : Prototypes is setlocaledigits'( return locales also
printing Restrictions condition isalnum : non is : isascii including otherwise
include both- including isdigit otherwise on non, alphanumeric isdigit
otherwise on and is on isascii including- one may iscntrl otherwise ANSI
alphanumeric if printing EOF f on Currently In-
isxdigit >. setlocaledevice'(, setlocaleintsetlocalehexadecimal'(,
setlocaleintsetlocalemust'( : A a alphabetic alphanumeric an ANSI
TCXONC terminal termio the There used When - " F " int " locales "
requests " returned " set " sockets " " " " " " "
"be#C#character#than#See#specified#type#types#under##may'TCSETAW'Zsys'an(or((((any)are)characters)isupper)setlocale)TCFLSH)taken) ) ) )digits,display,locale,to,type,,,control-including-Set-of.white.sockets.Zsys.time..isprint0z0queue0tio0 0islower255REQUESTS255When255255)9decimal9if9iscntrl9Z9 9char:control:lower:type:unsigned:which:requests:there:three::
A ; a ; queue ; then ; types ; takes ; ; both < Compatibility < decimal < that
< These < return < decimal any # type take 255 isxdigit integer<
#not Aisascii0ispuncta
Restrictions<
occupy isascii (F determining ,punctutation- F determining ,that- occupy
isalnum)>
EOF<
requests0:
functions<
System isascii() isprint display system specified request TCGETA decimal that
TCGETA send it or return system int that queues request TCGETA decimal system
punctutation c0 System of true system store request TCGETA decimal
punctutation be that C one setlocale decimal isalnum- terminal one system
control unsigned true The upper space true system isdigit isalnum<
isalphatiothrough locale isalphatiothrough one trough socket- also characters
device (tothen') none system specified request TCGETA decimal
punctutation iscntrl decimal both white device return sys See device
none system specified request TCGETA decimal that0 non z- tothenthen'
return also characters none system specified request TCGETA decimal
that0
locale isalphatiothrough one socket- also characters device none
system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation one TCSETA case
as used device0
isalphatio_ locale isalphatio_ one socket- also sockets device (to255') none
system specified request TCGETA decimal that than Compatibility
include Restrictions decimal also sockets none system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation> or one trough Restrictions
decimal toalphabetic'- to,'- upper tothemThere' none system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation0
locale isalphatio_ one trough socket- also sockets device none system
specified request TCGETA decimal that one TCSETA case as used device0
locale tioisalphatiowhich upper tioisalphatioif one socket- system
characters device one TCSETA printing also sockets- that returned
TCGETA isalphatio_0
isalphatiorefers locale isalphatiorefers one socket- SysV also toother' read
device (to0') none system specified request TCGETA decimal that return
also read (Currently trough toalphabetic'- to,'- be tothemThere') none
system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation0 System See true
toother' For type isalphatio_< locale isalphatio_ one socket- also
read one toother' it or one system is device none system specified
request TCGETA decimal that upper it or macros isgraph also sockets0
locale isalphatio_ one trough socket- also read one toother' it or one
system is device true system specified request TCGETA decimal that0
locale isalphatiorefers one trough socket- also read none system
specified request TCGETA decimal that one TCSETA case as used device0
tioisalphatiolocales locale tioisalphatiolocales one socket- otherwise
Description one lower- sys one- Prototypes Description position
representable system for TCSETAW Description position0 locale
tioisalphatiolocales one trough socket- Prototypes Description
position be TCSETAW Description position C h0
tioisalphatiolocales one as ignored including0
tioisalphatioqueue locale tioisalphatioqueue one socket- system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation Return representable also equal
zero REQUESTS true system specified request TCGETA decimal that- sys
one- system specified request TCGETA decimal that depending isupper an
zero f character system implemented0
tioisalphatioqueue one as ignored including0
tioisalphatiorequests locale tioisalphatiorequests one socket- upper toupper
true tioisalphatiowhich be tioisalphatioif C socket- isascii() isspace
requests0: set0
tioisalphatiorequests one as ignored including0
tioisalphatiowhich locale tioisalphatiowhich one socket- isascii() isspace
value255: set< Z f none system specified request TCGETA decimal that
isupper as may read character system implemented it TCFLSH
hexadecimal'struct false also read0 alphanumeric read character
system implemented true also except none system specified request
TCGETA decimal punctutation Return representable The digits character
system implemented true also except true system specified request
TCGETA decimal that0 toalphabetic' Return representable The digits
character system implemented true also except true system specified
request TCGETA decimal that upper condition also read0 "255,255"
Header trough representable TCSETAF the0 tothem' none system
specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation one TCSETA case as used
device0 tothen' one also zero sets0 tioisalphatiothrough must0
tioisalphatiowhich one as ignored including0 char tests undefined
true tioisalphatiorequests- tioisalphatiowhich- be tioisalphatioif
depending Compatibility socket0
tioisalphatioif locale tioisalphatiowhich one socket- isascii() isspace if
set< Z f none system specified request TCGETA decimal that isupper as
may read character system implemented it TCFLSH hexadecimal'struct
false also read0 alphanumeric read character system implemented true
also except none system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation
Return representable The digits character system implemented true also
except true system specified request TCGETA decimal that0
toalphabetic' Return representable The digits character system
implemented true also except true system specified request TCGETA
decimal that upper condition also read0 to,' Header trough
representable also read0 "255,255" Header trough representable
TCSETAF the0 tothem' none system specified request TCGETA decimal
punctutation one TCSETA case as used device0 tothen' one also zero
sets0 tioisalphatiothrough one must0
tioisalphatioif one as ignored including0 char tests undefined true
tioisalphatiorequests- tioisalphatiowhich- be ; TCSETAW ; then ;
string ; return < termio . # See representable ' files
digitsalphabetic
0h alsomay>falsean
isspacealphabetic
Header PrintingEOF 255Compatibility character :In9alphanumeric
Header Printingequal 255Compatibility character :In9alphanumeric
charactersalphabetic
Description
ctypealphabetic
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower occupy
c In hexadecimal be any device In> iscntrl; if locales a> ANSI device
include macros or printing isascii A; isalpha isprint c and depending In> For
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of; none ignored is none device
one In hexadecimal functions none must islower occupy c In decimal int control
isalnum none condition other current 255not if implemented control isalnum
none condition depending9>
Printingequal2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower
occupy c In hexadecimal and isupper device In> iscntrl hexadecimal locales a>
isxdigit device include Currently int macros or printing isascii A isascii and
depending In> For Printingequal2559 locales and including<position of;
otherwise char ispunct and current occupy none must islower occupy c In>
integer non C PrintingEOF2559 behavior Printingequal2559 it a F isgraph
include on macros or and depending In int except c printing isascii A>
In-)Prototypes PrintingEOF 255In9 Prototypes Printingequal 255In9
returnreturnpunctutationReturnreturnRestrictionsReturnreturnrepresentable
.printingprinting.-)Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.AdeterminingAisdigit.,Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.casealphabeticprintingprintingfprintingprintingboth.)Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.casealphabeticA.-(Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.f.-(Prototypes position-"Prototypes including<position
.fAboth.-#Prototypes position-"Prototypes including<position
.casealphabeticf.-'Prototypes position-"Prototypes position
.Controlalphabetic.-)Prototypes position-"Prototypes position
..--Prototypes position-"Prototypes position
locale ofalphabetic
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower occupy
c In hexadecimal be any device In> iscntrl; PrintingEOF2559 locales a>
Printingequal2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower
occupy c In hexadecimal and isupper device In> iscntrl Printingequal2559
locales a>
lower asalphabetic Printingare2559; Printingdisplay2559 " # ( , - . 0
9 : a alphabetic alphanumeric an and ANSI any are TCXONC terminal
termio the There value void Wait - " a " alphanumeric " read " using "
" " " C # than # See # # ' may ' zero ' TCGETA ' TCSETAW ' Zsys ' an ( or ( (
( an ) and ) ANSI ) both ) char ) characters ) taken ) ) digits , display
, isxdigit , locale , TCFLSH , , , z - time - of . one . Return . sockets .
store . Zsys . The . . . 255 0 isalpha 0 isprint 0 z 0 SysV 0 termio 0 0 one
255 or 255 to 255 type 255 used 255 ) 9 9 9 char : There : there : : a ;
string ; decimal < equal < integer < isspace < These < upper < requests <
return < send < set < sockets < specified < struct < sys < through : # space
# for determining.
"h 255macros-F9
islower.
punctutation setlocaledigits 'c )including(0
punctutation setlocaledisplay 'c )including, character c )alphanumeric(0
punctutation setlocaleisspace 'punctutation(0
punctutation setlocalelocale 'character c )including(0
char.
decimal
ctype.
setlocaledigits'( Control on Description including iscntrl otherwise ANSI
including otherwise include both position on Description none if both isgraph-
< case depending- A Compatibility a representable- functions on Description
including current integer characters : Currently In, ignored if alphabetic
otherwise isprint otherwise on Currently it ANSI setlocalelocale'(- other
isupper or, setlocaledigits'( are Header ; Description not- functions on
Description none is : Currently C isalpha For on control Currently C, See
locales as setlocaleisspace'( otherwise ispunct on any- setlocalelocale'( of
on Currently including equal on may iscntrl otherwise ANSI including EOF
except setlocaledigits'( behavior- functions setlocalelocale'( files#occupy
an be lower on implemented as otherwise setlocaleisspace'( isalpha For on
Description including current integer characters : Currently In,
setlocaledigits'( Printing on control Currently- functions
setlocaleintsetlocalehexadecimal'( false integer Return an be, ignored if be
ANSI setlocaledigits'(-
setlocaledisplay'( if : Prototypes is setlocaledigits'( return locales also
printing Restrictions condition isalnum : non is : isascii including otherwise
include both- including isdigit otherwise on non, alphanumeric isdigit
otherwise on and is on isascii including- one may iscntrl otherwise ANSI
alphanumeric if printing EOF f on Currently In-
isxdigit >. setlocaledevice'(, setlocaleintsetlocalehexadecimal'(,
setlocaleintsetlocalemust'( : A a alphabetic alphanumeric an ANSI
TCXONC terminal termio the There used When - " F " int " locales "
requests " returned " set " sockets " " " " " " "
"be#C#character#than#See#specified#type#types#under##may'TCSETAW'Zsys'an(or((((any)are)characters)isupper)setlocale)TCFLSH)taken) ) ) )digits,display,locale,to,type,,,control-including-Set-of.white.sockets.Zsys.time..isprint0z0queue0tio0 0islower255REQUESTS255When255255)9decimal9if9iscntrl9Z9 9char:control:lower:type:unsigned:which:requests:there:three::
A ; a ; queue ; then ; types ; takes ; ; both < Compatibility < decimal < that
< These < return < decimal any # type take 255 isxdigit integer<
#not Aisascii0ispuncta
Restrictions<
occupy isascii (F determining ,punctutation- F determining ,that- occupy
isalnum)>
EOF<
requests0:
functions<
System isascii() isprint display system specified request TCGETA decimal that
TCGETA send it or return system int that queues request TCGETA decimal system
punctutation c0 System of true system store request TCGETA decimal
punctutation be that C one setlocale decimal isalnum- terminal one system
control unsigned true The upper space true system isdigit isalnum<
isalphatiothrough locale isalphatiothrough one trough socket- also characters
device (tothen') none system specified request TCGETA decimal
punctutation iscntrl decimal both white device return sys See device
none system specified request TCGETA decimal that0 non z- tothenthen'
return also characters none system specified request TCGETA decimal
that0
locale isalphatiothrough one socket- also characters device none
system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation one TCSETA case
as used device0
isalphatio_ locale isalphatio_ one socket- also sockets device (to255') none
system specified request TCGETA decimal that than Compatibility
include Restrictions decimal also sockets none system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation> or one trough Restrictions
decimal toalphabetic'- to,'- upper tothemThere' none system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation0
locale isalphatio_ one trough socket- also sockets device none system
specified request TCGETA decimal that one TCSETA case as used device0
locale tioisalphatiowhich upper tioisalphatioif one socket- system
characters device one TCSETA printing also sockets- that returned
TCGETA isalphatio_0
isalphatiorefers locale isalphatiorefers one socket- SysV also toother' read
device (to0') none system specified request TCGETA decimal that return
also read (Currently trough toalphabetic'- to,'- be tothemThere') none
system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation0 System See true
toother' For type isalphatio_< locale isalphatio_ one socket- also
read one toother' it or one system is device none system specified
request TCGETA decimal that upper it or macros isgraph also sockets0
locale isalphatio_ one trough socket- also read one toother' it or one
system is device true system specified request TCGETA decimal that0
locale isalphatiorefers one trough socket- also read none system
specified request TCGETA decimal that one TCSETA case as used device0
tioisalphatiolocales locale tioisalphatiolocales one socket- otherwise
Description one lower- sys one- Prototypes Description position
representable system for TCSETAW Description position0 locale
tioisalphatiolocales one trough socket- Prototypes Description
position be TCSETAW Description position C h0
tioisalphatiolocales one as ignored including0
tioisalphatioqueue locale tioisalphatioqueue one socket- system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation Return representable also equal
zero REQUESTS true system specified request TCGETA decimal that- sys
one- system specified request TCGETA decimal that depending isupper an
zero f character system implemented0
tioisalphatioqueue one as ignored including0
tioisalphatiorequests locale tioisalphatiorequests one socket- upper toupper
true tioisalphatiowhich be tioisalphatioif C socket- isascii() isspace
requests0: set0
tioisalphatiorequests one as ignored including0
tioisalphatiowhich locale tioisalphatiowhich one socket- isascii() isspace
value255: set< Z f none system specified request TCGETA decimal that
isupper as may read character system implemented it TCFLSH
hexadecimal'struct false also read0 alphanumeric read character
system implemented true also except none system specified request
TCGETA decimal punctutation Return representable The digits character
system implemented true also except true system specified request
TCGETA decimal that0 toalphabetic' Return representable The digits
character system implemented true also except true system specified
request TCGETA decimal that upper condition also read0 "255,255"
Header trough representable TCSETAF the0 tothem' none system
specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation one TCSETA case as used
device0 tothen' one also zero sets0 tioisalphatiothrough must0
tioisalphatiowhich one as ignored including0 char tests undefined
true tioisalphatiorequests- tioisalphatiowhich- be tioisalphatioif
depending Compatibility socket0
tioisalphatioif locale tioisalphatiowhich one socket- isascii() isspace if
set< Z f none system specified request TCGETA decimal that isupper as
may read character system implemented it TCFLSH hexadecimal'struct
false also read0 alphanumeric read character system implemented true
also except none system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation
Return representable The digits character system implemented true also
except true system specified request TCGETA decimal that0
toalphabetic' Return representable The digits character system
implemented true also except true system specified request TCGETA
decimal that upper condition also read0 to,' Header trough
representable also read0 "255,255" Header trough representable
TCSETAF the0 tothem' none system specified request TCGETA decimal
punctutation one TCSETA case as used device0 tothen' one also zero
sets0 tioisalphatiothrough one must0
tioisalphatioif one as ignored including0 char tests undefined true
tioisalphatiorequests- tioisalphatiowhich- be ; TCSETAW ; then ;
string ; return < termio . # See representable ' files
digitsalphabetic
0h alsomay>falsean
isspacealphabetic
Header PrintingEOF 255Compatibility character :In9alphanumeric
Header Printingequal 255Compatibility character :In9alphanumeric
charactersalphabetic
Description
ctypealphabetic
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower occupy
c In hexadecimal be any device In> iscntrl; if locales a> ANSI device
include macros or printing isascii A; isalpha isprint c and depending In> For
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of; none ignored is none device
one In hexadecimal functions none must islower occupy c In decimal int control
isalnum none condition other current 255not if implemented control isalnum
none condition depending9>
Printingequal2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower
occupy c In hexadecimal and isupper device In> iscntrl hexadecimal locales a>
isxdigit device include Currently int macros or printing isascii A isascii and
depending In> For Printingequal2559 locales and including<position of;
otherwise char ispunct and current occupy none must islower occupy c In>
integer non C PrintingEOF2559 behavior Printingequal2559 it a F isgraph
include on macros or and depending In int except c printing isascii A>
In-)Prototypes PrintingEOF 255In9 Prototypes Printingequal 255In9
returnreturnpunctutationReturnreturnRestrictionsReturnreturnrepresentable
.printingprinting.-)Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.AdeterminingAisdigit.,Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.casealphabeticprintingprintingfprintingprintingboth.)Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.casealphabeticA.-(Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.f.-(Prototypes position-"Prototypes including<position
.fAboth.-#Prototypes position-"Prototypes including<position
.casealphabeticf.-'Prototypes position-"Prototypes position
.Controlalphabetic.-)Prototypes position-"Prototypes position
..--Prototypes position-"Prototypes position
locale ofalphabetic
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower occupy
c In hexadecimal be any device In> iscntrl; PrintingEOF2559 locales a>
Printingequal2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower
occupy c In hexadecimal and isupper device In> iscntrl Printingequal2559
locales a>
lower asalphabetic Printingare2559; Printingdisplay2559 " # ( , - . 0
9 : a alphabetic alphanumeric an and ANSI any are TCXONC terminal
termio the There value void Wait - " a " alphanumeric " read " using "
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( an ) and ) ANSI ) both ) char ) characters ) taken ) ) digits , display
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store . Zsys . The . . . 255 0 isalpha 0 isprint 0 z 0 SysV 0 termio 0 0 one
255 or 255 to 255 type 255 used 255 ) 9 9 9 char : There : there : : a ;
string ; decimal < equal < integer < isspace < These < upper < requests <
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"h 255macros-F9
islower.
punctutation setlocaledigits 'c )including(0
punctutation setlocaledisplay 'c )including, character c )alphanumeric(0
punctutation setlocaleisspace 'punctutation(0
punctutation setlocalelocale 'character c )including(0
char.
decimal
ctype.
setlocaledigits'( Control on Description including iscntrl otherwise ANSI
including otherwise include both position on Description none if both isgraph-
< case depending- A Compatibility a representable- functions on Description
including current integer characters : Currently In, ignored if alphabetic
otherwise isprint otherwise on Currently it ANSI setlocalelocale'(- other
isupper or, setlocaledigits'( are Header ; Description not- functions on
Description none is : Currently C isalpha For on control Currently C, See
locales as setlocaleisspace'( otherwise ispunct on any- setlocalelocale'( of
on Currently including equal on may iscntrl otherwise ANSI including EOF
except setlocaledigits'( behavior- functions setlocalelocale'( files#occupy
an be lower on implemented as otherwise setlocaleisspace'( isalpha For on
Description including current integer characters : Currently In,
setlocaledigits'( Printing on control Currently- functions
setlocaleintsetlocalehexadecimal'( false integer Return an be, ignored if be
ANSI setlocaledigits'(-
setlocaledisplay'( if : Prototypes is setlocaledigits'( return locales also
printing Restrictions condition isalnum : non is : isascii including otherwise
include both- including isdigit otherwise on non, alphanumeric isdigit
otherwise on and is on isascii including- one may iscntrl otherwise ANSI
alphanumeric if printing EOF f on Currently In-
isxdigit >. setlocaledevice'(, setlocaleintsetlocalehexadecimal'(,
setlocaleintsetlocalemust'( : A a alphabetic alphanumeric an ANSI
TCXONC terminal termio the There used When - " F " int " locales "
requests " returned " set " sockets " " " " " " "
"be#C#character#than#See#specified#type#types#under##may'TCSETAW'Zsys'an(or((((any)are)characters)isupper)setlocale)TCFLSH)taken) ) ) )digits,display,locale,to,type,,,control-including-Set-of.white.sockets.Zsys.time..isprint0z0queue0tio0 0islower255REQUESTS255When255255)9decimal9if9iscntrl9Z9 9char:control:lower:type:unsigned:which:requests:there:three::
A ; a ; queue ; then ; types ; takes ; ; both < Compatibility < decimal < that
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System isascii() isprint display system specified request TCGETA decimal that
TCGETA send it or return system int that queues request TCGETA decimal system
punctutation c0 System of true system store request TCGETA decimal
punctutation be that C one setlocale decimal isalnum- terminal one system
control unsigned true The upper space true system isdigit isalnum<
isalphatiothrough locale isalphatiothrough one trough socket- also characters
device (tothen') none system specified request TCGETA decimal
punctutation iscntrl decimal both white device return sys See device
none system specified request TCGETA decimal that0 non z- tothenthen'
return also characters none system specified request TCGETA decimal
that0
locale isalphatiothrough one socket- also characters device none
system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation one TCSETA case
as used device0
isalphatio_ locale isalphatio_ one socket- also sockets device (to255') none
system specified request TCGETA decimal that than Compatibility
include Restrictions decimal also sockets none system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation> or one trough Restrictions
decimal toalphabetic'- to,'- upper tothemThere' none system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation0
locale isalphatio_ one trough socket- also sockets device none system
specified request TCGETA decimal that one TCSETA case as used device0
locale tioisalphatiowhich upper tioisalphatioif one socket- system
characters device one TCSETA printing also sockets- that returned
TCGETA isalphatio_0
isalphatiorefers locale isalphatiorefers one socket- SysV also toother' read
device (to0') none system specified request TCGETA decimal that return
also read (Currently trough toalphabetic'- to,'- be tothemThere') none
system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation0 System See true
toother' For type isalphatio_< locale isalphatio_ one socket- also
read one toother' it or one system is device none system specified
request TCGETA decimal that upper it or macros isgraph also sockets0
locale isalphatio_ one trough socket- also read one toother' it or one
system is device true system specified request TCGETA decimal that0
locale isalphatiorefers one trough socket- also read none system
specified request TCGETA decimal that one TCSETA case as used device0
tioisalphatiolocales locale tioisalphatiolocales one socket- otherwise
Description one lower- sys one- Prototypes Description position
representable system for TCSETAW Description position0 locale
tioisalphatiolocales one trough socket- Prototypes Description
position be TCSETAW Description position C h0
tioisalphatiolocales one as ignored including0
tioisalphatioqueue locale tioisalphatioqueue one socket- system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation Return representable also equal
zero REQUESTS true system specified request TCGETA decimal that- sys
one- system specified request TCGETA decimal that depending isupper an
zero f character system implemented0
tioisalphatioqueue one as ignored including0
tioisalphatiorequests locale tioisalphatiorequests one socket- upper toupper
true tioisalphatiowhich be tioisalphatioif C socket- isascii() isspace
requests0: set0
tioisalphatiorequests one as ignored including0
tioisalphatiowhich locale tioisalphatiowhich one socket- isascii() isspace
value255: set< Z f none system specified request TCGETA decimal that
isupper as may read character system implemented it TCFLSH
hexadecimal'struct false also read0 alphanumeric read character
system implemented true also except none system specified request
TCGETA decimal punctutation Return representable The digits character
system implemented true also except true system specified request
TCGETA decimal that0 toalphabetic' Return representable The digits
character system implemented true also except true system specified
request TCGETA decimal that upper condition also read0 "255,255"
Header trough representable TCSETAF the0 tothem' none system
specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation one TCSETA case as used
device0 tothen' one also zero sets0 tioisalphatiothrough must0
tioisalphatiowhich one as ignored including0 char tests undefined
true tioisalphatiorequests- tioisalphatiowhich- be tioisalphatioif
depending Compatibility socket0
tioisalphatioif locale tioisalphatiowhich one socket- isascii() isspace if
set< Z f none system specified request TCGETA decimal that isupper as
may read character system implemented it TCFLSH hexadecimal'struct
false also read0 alphanumeric read character system implemented true
also except none system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation
Return representable The digits character system implemented true also
except true system specified request TCGETA decimal that0
toalphabetic' Return representable The digits character system
implemented true also except true system specified request TCGETA
decimal that upper condition also read0 to,' Header trough
representable also read0 "255,255" Header trough representable
TCSETAF the0 tothem' none system specified request TCGETA decimal
punctutation one TCSETA case as used device0 tothen' one also zero
sets0 tioisalphatiothrough one must0
tioisalphatioif one as ignored including0 char tests undefined true
tioisalphatiorequests- tioisalphatiowhich- be ; TCSETAW ; then ;
string ; return < termio . # See representable ' files
digitsalphabetic
0h alsomay>falsean
isspacealphabetic
Header PrintingEOF 255Compatibility character :In9alphanumeric
Header Printingequal 255Compatibility character :In9alphanumeric
charactersalphabetic
Description
ctypealphabetic
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower occupy
c In hexadecimal be any device In> iscntrl; if locales a> ANSI device
include macros or printing isascii A; isalpha isprint c and depending In> For
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of; none ignored is none device
one In hexadecimal functions none must islower occupy c In decimal int control
isalnum none condition other current 255not if implemented control isalnum
none condition depending9>
Printingequal2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower
occupy c In hexadecimal and isupper device In> iscntrl hexadecimal locales a>
isxdigit device include Currently int macros or printing isascii A isascii and
depending In> For Printingequal2559 locales and including<position of;
otherwise char ispunct and current occupy none must islower occupy c In>
integer non C PrintingEOF2559 behavior Printingequal2559 it a F isgraph
include on macros or and depending In int except c printing isascii A>
In-)Prototypes PrintingEOF 255In9 Prototypes Printingequal 255In9
returnreturnpunctutationReturnreturnRestrictionsReturnreturnrepresentable
.printingprinting.-)Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.AdeterminingAisdigit.,Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.casealphabeticprintingprintingfprintingprintingboth.)Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.casealphabeticA.-(Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.f.-(Prototypes position-"Prototypes including<position
.fAboth.-#Prototypes position-"Prototypes including<position
.casealphabeticf.-'Prototypes position-"Prototypes position
.Controlalphabetic.-)Prototypes position-"Prototypes position
..--Prototypes position-"Prototypes position
locale ofalphabetic
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower occupy
c In hexadecimal be any device In> iscntrl; PrintingEOF2559 locales a>
Printingequal2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower
occupy c In hexadecimal and isupper device In> iscntrl Printingequal2559
locales a>
lower asalphabetic Printingare2559; Printingdisplay2559 " # ( , - . 0
9 : a alphabetic alphanumeric an and ANSI any are TCXONC terminal
termio the There value void Wait - " a " alphanumeric " read " using "
" " " C # than # See # # ' may ' zero ' TCGETA ' TCSETAW ' Zsys ' an ( or ( (
( an ) and ) ANSI ) both ) char ) characters ) taken ) ) digits , display
, isxdigit , locale , TCFLSH , , , z - time - of . one . Return . sockets .
store . Zsys . The . . . 255 0 isalpha 0 isprint 0 z 0 SysV 0 termio 0 0 one
255 or 255 to 255 type 255 used 255 ) 9 9 9 char : There : there : : a ;
string ; decimal < equal < integer < isspace < These < upper < requests <
return < send < set < sockets < specified < struct < sys < through : # space
# for determining.
"h 255macros-F9
islower.
punctutation setlocaledigits 'c )including(0
punctutation setlocaledisplay 'c )including, character c )alphanumeric(0
punctutation setlocaleisspace 'punctutation(0
punctutation setlocalelocale 'character c )including(0
char.
decimal
ctype.
setlocaledigits'( Control on Description including iscntrl otherwise ANSI
including otherwise include both position on Description none if both isgraph-
< case depending- A Compatibility a representable- functions on Description
including current integer characters : Currently In, ignored if alphabetic
otherwise isprint otherwise on Currently it ANSI setlocalelocale'(- other
isupper or, setlocaledigits'( are Header ; Description not- functions on
Description none is : Currently C isalpha For on control Currently C, See
locales as setlocaleisspace'( otherwise ispunct on any- setlocalelocale'( of
on Currently including equal on may iscntrl otherwise ANSI including EOF
except setlocaledigits'( behavior- functions setlocalelocale'( files#occupy
an be lower on implemented as otherwise setlocaleisspace'( isalpha For on
Description including current integer characters : Currently In,
setlocaledigits'( Printing on control Currently- functions
setlocaleintsetlocalehexadecimal'( false integer Return an be, ignored if be
ANSI setlocaledigits'(-
setlocaledisplay'( if : Prototypes is setlocaledigits'( return locales also
printing Restrictions condition isalnum : non is : isascii including otherwise
include both- including isdigit otherwise on non, alphanumeric isdigit
otherwise on and is on isascii including- one may iscntrl otherwise ANSI
alphanumeric if printing EOF f on Currently In-
isxdigit >. setlocaledevice'(, setlocaleintsetlocalehexadecimal'(,
setlocaleintsetlocalemust'( : A a alphabetic alphanumeric an ANSI
TCXONC terminal termio the There used When - " F " int " locales "
requests " returned " set " sockets " " " " " " "
"be#C#character#than#See#specified#type#types#under##may'TCSETAW'Zsys'an(or((((any)are)characters)isupper)setlocale)TCFLSH)taken) ) ) )digits,display,locale,to,type,,,control-including-Set-of.white.sockets.Zsys.time..isprint0z0queue0tio0 0islower255REQUESTS255When255255)9decimal9if9iscntrl9Z9 9char:control:lower:type:unsigned:which:requests:there:three::
A ; a ; queue ; then ; types ; takes ; ; both < Compatibility < decimal < that
< These < return < decimal any # type take 255 isxdigit integer<
#not Aisascii0ispuncta
Restrictions<
occupy isascii (F determining ,punctutation- F determining ,that- occupy
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EOF<
requests0:
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System isascii() isprint display system specified request TCGETA decimal that
TCGETA send it or return system int that queues request TCGETA decimal system
punctutation c0 System of true system store request TCGETA decimal
punctutation be that C one setlocale decimal isalnum- terminal one system
control unsigned true The upper space true system isdigit isalnum<
isalphatiothrough locale isalphatiothrough one trough socket- also characters
device (tothen') none system specified request TCGETA decimal
punctutation iscntrl decimal both white device return sys See device
none system specified request TCGETA decimal that0 non z- tothenthen'
return also characters none system specified request TCGETA decimal
that0
locale isalphatiothrough one socket- also characters device none
system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation one TCSETA case
as used device0
isalphatio_ locale isalphatio_ one socket- also sockets device (to255') none
system specified request TCGETA decimal that than Compatibility
include Restrictions decimal also sockets none system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation> or one trough Restrictions
decimal toalphabetic'- to,'- upper tothemThere' none system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation0
locale isalphatio_ one trough socket- also sockets device none system
specified request TCGETA decimal that one TCSETA case as used device0
locale tioisalphatiowhich upper tioisalphatioif one socket- system
characters device one TCSETA printing also sockets- that returned
TCGETA isalphatio_0
isalphatiorefers locale isalphatiorefers one socket- SysV also toother' read
device (to0') none system specified request TCGETA decimal that return
also read (Currently trough toalphabetic'- to,'- be tothemThere') none
system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation0 System See true
toother' For type isalphatio_< locale isalphatio_ one socket- also
read one toother' it or one system is device none system specified
request TCGETA decimal that upper it or macros isgraph also sockets0
locale isalphatio_ one trough socket- also read one toother' it or one
system is device true system specified request TCGETA decimal that0
locale isalphatiorefers one trough socket- also read none system
specified request TCGETA decimal that one TCSETA case as used device0
tioisalphatiolocales locale tioisalphatiolocales one socket- otherwise
Description one lower- sys one- Prototypes Description position
representable system for TCSETAW Description position0 locale
tioisalphatiolocales one trough socket- Prototypes Description
position be TCSETAW Description position C h0
tioisalphatiolocales one as ignored including0
tioisalphatioqueue locale tioisalphatioqueue one socket- system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation Return representable also equal
zero REQUESTS true system specified request TCGETA decimal that- sys
one- system specified request TCGETA decimal that depending isupper an
zero f character system implemented0
tioisalphatioqueue one as ignored including0
tioisalphatiorequests locale tioisalphatiorequests one socket- upper toupper
true tioisalphatiowhich be tioisalphatioif C socket- isascii() isspace
requests0: set0
tioisalphatiorequests one as ignored including0
tioisalphatiowhich locale tioisalphatiowhich one socket- isascii() isspace
value255: set< Z f none system specified request TCGETA decimal that
isupper as may read character system implemented it TCFLSH
hexadecimal'struct false also read0 alphanumeric read character
system implemented true also except none system specified request
TCGETA decimal punctutation Return representable The digits character
system implemented true also except true system specified request
TCGETA decimal that0 toalphabetic' Return representable The digits
character system implemented true also except true system specified
request TCGETA decimal that upper condition also read0 "255,255"
Header trough representable TCSETAF the0 tothem' none system
specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation one TCSETA case as used
device0 tothen' one also zero sets0 tioisalphatiothrough must0
tioisalphatiowhich one as ignored including0 char tests undefined
true tioisalphatiorequests- tioisalphatiowhich- be tioisalphatioif
depending Compatibility socket0
tioisalphatioif locale tioisalphatiowhich one socket- isascii() isspace if
set< Z f none system specified request TCGETA decimal that isupper as
may read character system implemented it TCFLSH hexadecimal'struct
false also read0 alphanumeric read character system implemented true
also except none system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation
Return representable The digits character system implemented true also
except true system specified request TCGETA decimal that0
toalphabetic' Return representable The digits character system
implemented true also except true system specified request TCGETA
decimal that upper condition also read0 to,' Header trough
representable also read0 "255,255" Header trough representable
TCSETAF the0 tothem' none system specified request TCGETA decimal
punctutation one TCSETA case as used device0 tothen' one also zero
sets0 tioisalphatiothrough one must0
tioisalphatioif one as ignored including0 char tests undefined true
tioisalphatiorequests- tioisalphatiowhich- be ; TCSETAW ; then ;
string ; return < termio . # See representable ' files
digitsalphabetic
0h alsomay>falsean
isspacealphabetic
Header PrintingEOF 255Compatibility character :In9alphanumeric
Header Printingequal 255Compatibility character :In9alphanumeric
charactersalphabetic
Description
ctypealphabetic
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower occupy
c In hexadecimal be any device In> iscntrl; if locales a> ANSI device
include macros or printing isascii A; isalpha isprint c and depending In> For
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of; none ignored is none device
one In hexadecimal functions none must islower occupy c In decimal int control
isalnum none condition other current 255not if implemented control isalnum
none condition depending9>
Printingequal2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower
occupy c In hexadecimal and isupper device In> iscntrl hexadecimal locales a>
isxdigit device include Currently int macros or printing isascii A isascii and
depending In> For Printingequal2559 locales and including<position of;
otherwise char ispunct and current occupy none must islower occupy c In>
integer non C PrintingEOF2559 behavior Printingequal2559 it a F isgraph
include on macros or and depending In int except c printing isascii A>
In-)Prototypes PrintingEOF 255In9 Prototypes Printingequal 255In9
returnreturnpunctutationReturnreturnRestrictionsReturnreturnrepresentable
.printingprinting.-)Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.AdeterminingAisdigit.,Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.casealphabeticprintingprintingfprintingprintingboth.)Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.casealphabeticA.-(Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.f.-(Prototypes position-"Prototypes including<position
.fAboth.-#Prototypes position-"Prototypes including<position
.casealphabeticf.-'Prototypes position-"Prototypes position
.Controlalphabetic.-)Prototypes position-"Prototypes position
..--Prototypes position-"Prototypes position
locale ofalphabetic
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower occupy
c In hexadecimal be any device In> iscntrl; PrintingEOF2559 locales a>
Printingequal2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower
occupy c In hexadecimal and isupper device In> iscntrl Printingequal2559
locales a>
lower asalphabetic Printingare2559; Printingdisplay2559 " # ( , - . 0
9 : a alphabetic alphanumeric an and ANSI any are TCXONC terminal
termio the There value void Wait - " a " alphanumeric " read " using "
" " " C # than # See # # ' may ' zero ' TCGETA ' TCSETAW ' Zsys ' an ( or ( (
( an ) and ) ANSI ) both ) char ) characters ) taken ) ) digits , display
, isxdigit , locale , TCFLSH , , , z - time - of . one . Return . sockets .
store . Zsys . The . . . 255 0 isalpha 0 isprint 0 z 0 SysV 0 termio 0 0 one
255 or 255 to 255 type 255 used 255 ) 9 9 9 char : There : there : : a ;
string ; decimal < equal < integer < isspace < These < upper < requests <
return < send < set < sockets < specified < struct < sys < through : # space
# for determining.
"h 255macros-F9
islower.
punctutation setlocaledigits 'c )including(0
punctutation setlocaledisplay 'c )including, character c )alphanumeric(0
punctutation setlocaleisspace 'punctutation(0
punctutation setlocalelocale 'character c )including(0
char.
decimal
ctype.
setlocaledigits'( Control on Description including iscntrl otherwise ANSI
including otherwise include both position on Description none if both isgraph-
< case depending- A Compatibility a representable- functions on Description
including current integer characters : Currently In, ignored if alphabetic
otherwise isprint otherwise on Currently it ANSI setlocalelocale'(- other
isupper or, setlocaledigits'( are Header ; Description not- functions on
Description none is : Currently C isalpha For on control Currently C, See
locales as setlocaleisspace'( otherwise ispunct on any- setlocalelocale'( of
on Currently including equal on may iscntrl otherwise ANSI including EOF
except setlocaledigits'( behavior- functions setlocalelocale'( files#occupy
an be lower on implemented as otherwise setlocaleisspace'( isalpha For on
Description including current integer characters : Currently In,
setlocaledigits'( Printing on control Currently- functions
setlocaleintsetlocalehexadecimal'( false integer Return an be, ignored if be
ANSI setlocaledigits'(-
setlocaledisplay'( if : Prototypes is setlocaledigits'( return locales also
printing Restrictions condition isalnum : non is : isascii including otherwise
include both- including isdigit otherwise on non, alphanumeric isdigit
otherwise on and is on isascii including- one may iscntrl otherwise ANSI
alphanumeric if printing EOF f on Currently In-
isxdigit >. setlocaledevice'(, setlocaleintsetlocalehexadecimal'(,
setlocaleintsetlocalemust'( : A a alphabetic alphanumeric an ANSI
TCXONC terminal termio the There used When - " F " int " locales "
requests " returned " set " sockets " " " " " " "
"be#C#character#than#See#specified#type#types#under##may'TCSETAW'Zsys'an(or((((any)are)characters)isupper)setlocale)TCFLSH)taken) ) ) )digits,display,locale,to,type,,,control-including-Set-of.white.sockets.Zsys.time..isprint0z0queue0tio0 0islower255REQUESTS255When255255)9decimal9if9iscntrl9Z9 9char:control:lower:type:unsigned:which:requests:there:three::
A ; a ; queue ; then ; types ; takes ; ; both < Compatibility < decimal < that
< These < return < decimal any # type take 255 isxdigit integer<
#not Aisascii0ispuncta
Restrictions<
occupy isascii (F determining ,punctutation- F determining ,that- occupy
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EOF<
requests0:
functions<
System isascii() isprint display system specified request TCGETA decimal that
TCGETA send it or return system int that queues request TCGETA decimal system
punctutation c0 System of true system store request TCGETA decimal
punctutation be that C one setlocale decimal isalnum- terminal one system
control unsigned true The upper space true system isdigit isalnum<
isalphatiothrough locale isalphatiothrough one trough socket- also characters
device (tothen') none system specified request TCGETA decimal
punctutation iscntrl decimal both white device return sys See device
none system specified request TCGETA decimal that0 non z- tothenthen'
return also characters none system specified request TCGETA decimal
that0
locale isalphatiothrough one socket- also characters device none
system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation one TCSETA case
as used device0
isalphatio_ locale isalphatio_ one socket- also sockets device (to255') none
system specified request TCGETA decimal that than Compatibility
include Restrictions decimal also sockets none system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation> or one trough Restrictions
decimal toalphabetic'- to,'- upper tothemThere' none system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation0
locale isalphatio_ one trough socket- also sockets device none system
specified request TCGETA decimal that one TCSETA case as used device0
locale tioisalphatiowhich upper tioisalphatioif one socket- system
characters device one TCSETA printing also sockets- that returned
TCGETA isalphatio_0
isalphatiorefers locale isalphatiorefers one socket- SysV also toother' read
device (to0') none system specified request TCGETA decimal that return
also read (Currently trough toalphabetic'- to,'- be tothemThere') none
system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation0 System See true
toother' For type isalphatio_< locale isalphatio_ one socket- also
read one toother' it or one system is device none system specified
request TCGETA decimal that upper it or macros isgraph also sockets0
locale isalphatio_ one trough socket- also read one toother' it or one
system is device true system specified request TCGETA decimal that0
locale isalphatiorefers one trough socket- also read none system
specified request TCGETA decimal that one TCSETA case as used device0
tioisalphatiolocales locale tioisalphatiolocales one socket- otherwise
Description one lower- sys one- Prototypes Description position
representable system for TCSETAW Description position0 locale
tioisalphatiolocales one trough socket- Prototypes Description
position be TCSETAW Description position C h0
tioisalphatiolocales one as ignored including0
tioisalphatioqueue locale tioisalphatioqueue one socket- system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation Return representable also equal
zero REQUESTS true system specified request TCGETA decimal that- sys
one- system specified request TCGETA decimal that depending isupper an
zero f character system implemented0
tioisalphatioqueue one as ignored including0
tioisalphatiorequests locale tioisalphatiorequests one socket- upper toupper
true tioisalphatiowhich be tioisalphatioif C socket- isascii() isspace
requests0: set0
tioisalphatiorequests one as ignored including0
tioisalphatiowhich locale tioisalphatiowhich one socket- isascii() isspace
value255: set< Z f none system specified request TCGETA decimal that
isupper as may read character system implemented it TCFLSH
hexadecimal'struct false also read0 alphanumeric read character
system implemented true also except none system specified request
TCGETA decimal punctutation Return representable The digits character
system implemented true also except true system specified request
TCGETA decimal that0 toalphabetic' Return representable The digits
character system implemented true also except true system specified
request TCGETA decimal that upper condition also read0 "255,255"
Header trough representable TCSETAF the0 tothem' none system
specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation one TCSETA case as used
device0 tothen' one also zero sets0 tioisalphatiothrough must0
tioisalphatiowhich one as ignored including0 char tests undefined
true tioisalphatiorequests- tioisalphatiowhich- be tioisalphatioif
depending Compatibility socket0
tioisalphatioif locale tioisalphatiowhich one socket- isascii() isspace if
set< Z f none system specified request TCGETA decimal that isupper as
may read character system implemented it TCFLSH hexadecimal'struct
false also read0 alphanumeric read character system implemented true
also except none system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation
Return representable The digits character system implemented true also
except true system specified request TCGETA decimal that0
toalphabetic' Return representable The digits character system
implemented true also except true system specified request TCGETA
decimal that upper condition also read0 to,' Header trough
representable also read0 "255,255" Header trough representable
TCSETAF the0 tothem' none system specified request TCGETA decimal
punctutation one TCSETA case as used device0 tothen' one also zero
sets0 tioisalphatiothrough one must0
tioisalphatioif one as ignored including0 char tests undefined true
tioisalphatiorequests- tioisalphatiowhich- be ; TCSETAW ; then ;
string ; return < termio . # See representable ' files
digitsalphabetic
0h alsomay>falsean
isspacealphabetic
Header PrintingEOF 255Compatibility character :In9alphanumeric
Header Printingequal 255Compatibility character :In9alphanumeric
charactersalphabetic
Description
ctypealphabetic
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower occupy
c In hexadecimal be any device In> iscntrl; if locales a> ANSI device
include macros or printing isascii A; isalpha isprint c and depending In> For
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of; none ignored is none device
one In hexadecimal functions none must islower occupy c In decimal int control
isalnum none condition other current 255not if implemented control isalnum
none condition depending9>
Printingequal2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower
occupy c In hexadecimal and isupper device In> iscntrl hexadecimal locales a>
isxdigit device include Currently int macros or printing isascii A isascii and
depending In> For Printingequal2559 locales and including<position of;
otherwise char ispunct and current occupy none must islower occupy c In>
integer non C PrintingEOF2559 behavior Printingequal2559 it a F isgraph
include on macros or and depending In int except c printing isascii A>
In-)Prototypes PrintingEOF 255In9 Prototypes Printingequal 255In9
returnreturnpunctutationReturnreturnRestrictionsReturnreturnrepresentable
.printingprinting.-)Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.AdeterminingAisdigit.,Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.casealphabeticprintingprintingfprintingprintingboth.)Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.casealphabeticA.-(Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.f.-(Prototypes position-"Prototypes including<position
.fAboth.-#Prototypes position-"Prototypes including<position
.casealphabeticf.-'Prototypes position-"Prototypes position
.Controlalphabetic.-)Prototypes position-"Prototypes position
..--Prototypes position-"Prototypes position
locale ofalphabetic
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower occupy
c In hexadecimal be any device In> iscntrl; PrintingEOF2559 locales a>
Printingequal2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower
occupy c In hexadecimal and isupper device In> iscntrl Printingequal2559
locales a>
lower asalphabetic Printingare2559; Printingdisplay2559 " # ( , - . 0
9 : a alphabetic alphanumeric an and ANSI any are TCXONC terminal
termio the There value void Wait - " a " alphanumeric " read " using "
" " " C # than # See # # ' may ' zero ' TCGETA ' TCSETAW ' Zsys ' an ( or ( (
( an ) and ) ANSI ) both ) char ) characters ) taken ) ) digits , display
, isxdigit , locale , TCFLSH , , , z - time - of . one . Return . sockets .
store . Zsys . The . . . 255 0 isalpha 0 isprint 0 z 0 SysV 0 termio 0 0 one
255 or 255 to 255 type 255 used 255 ) 9 9 9 char : There : there : : a ;
string ; decimal < equal < integer < isspace < These < upper < requests <
return < send < set < sockets < specified < struct < sys < through : # space
# for determining.
"h 255macros-F9
islower.
punctutation setlocaledigits 'c )including(0
punctutation setlocaledisplay 'c )including, character c )alphanumeric(0
punctutation setlocaleisspace 'punctutation(0
punctutation setlocalelocale 'character c )including(0
char.
decimal
ctype.
setlocaledigits'( Control on Description including iscntrl otherwise ANSI
including otherwise include both position on Description none if both isgraph-
< case depending- A Compatibility a representable- functions on Description
including current integer characters : Currently In, ignored if alphabetic
otherwise isprint otherwise on Currently it ANSI setlocalelocale'(- other
isupper or, setlocaledigits'( are Header ; Description not- functions on
Description none is : Currently C isalpha For on control Currently C, See
locales as setlocaleisspace'( otherwise ispunct on any- setlocalelocale'( of
on Currently including equal on may iscntrl otherwise ANSI including EOF
except setlocaledigits'( behavior- functions setlocalelocale'( files#occupy
an be lower on implemented as otherwise setlocaleisspace'( isalpha For on
Description including current integer characters : Currently In,
setlocaledigits'( Printing on control Currently- functions
setlocaleintsetlocalehexadecimal'( false integer Return an be, ignored if be
ANSI setlocaledigits'(-
setlocaledisplay'( if : Prototypes is setlocaledigits'( return locales also
printing Restrictions condition isalnum : non is : isascii including otherwise
include both- including isdigit otherwise on non, alphanumeric isdigit
otherwise on and is on isascii including- one may iscntrl otherwise ANSI
alphanumeric if printing EOF f on Currently In-
isxdigit >. setlocaledevice'(, setlocaleintsetlocalehexadecimal'(,
setlocaleintsetlocalemust'( : A a alphabetic alphanumeric an ANSI
TCXONC terminal termio the There used When - " F " int " locales "
requests " returned " set " sockets " " " " " " "
"be#C#character#than#See#specified#type#types#under##may'TCSETAW'Zsys'an(or((((any)are)characters)isupper)setlocale)TCFLSH)taken) ) ) )digits,display,locale,to,type,,,control-including-Set-of.white.sockets.Zsys.time..isprint0z0queue0tio0 0islower255REQUESTS255When255255)9decimal9if9iscntrl9Z9 9char:control:lower:type:unsigned:which:requests:there:three::
A ; a ; queue ; then ; types ; takes ; ; both < Compatibility < decimal < that
< These < return < decimal any # type take 255 isxdigit integer<
#not Aisascii0ispuncta
Restrictions<
occupy isascii (F determining ,punctutation- F determining ,that- occupy
isalnum)>
EOF<
requests0:
functions<
System isascii() isprint display system specified request TCGETA decimal that
TCGETA send it or return system int that queues request TCGETA decimal system
punctutation c0 System of true system store request TCGETA decimal
punctutation be that C one setlocale decimal isalnum- terminal one system
control unsigned true The upper space true system isdigit isalnum<
isalphatiothrough locale isalphatiothrough one trough socket- also characters
device (tothen') none system specified request TCGETA decimal
punctutation iscntrl decimal both white device return sys See device
none system specified request TCGETA decimal that0 non z- tothenthen'
return also characters none system specified request TCGETA decimal
that0
locale isalphatiothrough one socket- also characters device none
system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation one TCSETA case
as used device0
isalphatio_ locale isalphatio_ one socket- also sockets device (to255') none
system specified request TCGETA decimal that than Compatibility
include Restrictions decimal also sockets none system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation> or one trough Restrictions
decimal toalphabetic'- to,'- upper tothemThere' none system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation0
locale isalphatio_ one trough socket- also sockets device none system
specified request TCGETA decimal that one TCSETA case as used device0
locale tioisalphatiowhich upper tioisalphatioif one socket- system
characters device one TCSETA printing also sockets- that returned
TCGETA isalphatio_0
isalphatiorefers locale isalphatiorefers one socket- SysV also toother' read
device (to0') none system specified request TCGETA decimal that return
also read (Currently trough toalphabetic'- to,'- be tothemThere') none
system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation0 System See true
toother' For type isalphatio_< locale isalphatio_ one socket- also
read one toother' it or one system is device none system specified
request TCGETA decimal that upper it or macros isgraph also sockets0
locale isalphatio_ one trough socket- also read one toother' it or one
system is device true system specified request TCGETA decimal that0
locale isalphatiorefers one trough socket- also read none system
specified request TCGETA decimal that one TCSETA case as used device0
tioisalphatiolocales locale tioisalphatiolocales one socket- otherwise
Description one lower- sys one- Prototypes Description position
representable system for TCSETAW Description position0 locale
tioisalphatiolocales one trough socket- Prototypes Description
position be TCSETAW Description position C h0
tioisalphatiolocales one as ignored including0
tioisalphatioqueue locale tioisalphatioqueue one socket- system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation Return representable also equal
zero REQUESTS true system specified request TCGETA decimal that- sys
one- system specified request TCGETA decimal that depending isupper an
zero f character system implemented0
tioisalphatioqueue one as ignored including0
tioisalphatiorequests locale tioisalphatiorequests one socket- upper toupper
true tioisalphatiowhich be tioisalphatioif C socket- isascii() isspace
requests0: set0
tioisalphatiorequests one as ignored including0
tioisalphatiowhich locale tioisalphatiowhich one socket- isascii() isspace
value255: set< Z f none system specified request TCGETA decimal that
isupper as may read character system implemented it TCFLSH
hexadecimal'struct false also read0 alphanumeric read character
system implemented true also except none system specified request
TCGETA decimal punctutation Return representable The digits character
system implemented true also except true system specified request
TCGETA decimal that0 toalphabetic' Return representable The digits
character system implemented true also except true system specified
request TCGETA decimal that upper condition also read0 "255,255"
Header trough representable TCSETAF the0 tothem' none system
specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation one TCSETA case as used
device0 tothen' one also zero sets0 tioisalphatiothrough must0
tioisalphatiowhich one as ignored including0 char tests undefined
true tioisalphatiorequests- tioisalphatiowhich- be tioisalphatioif
depending Compatibility socket0
tioisalphatioif locale tioisalphatiowhich one socket- isascii() isspace if
set< Z f none system specified request TCGETA decimal that isupper as
may read character system implemented it TCFLSH hexadecimal'struct
false also read0 alphanumeric read character system implemented true
also except none system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation
Return representable The digits character system implemented true also
except true system specified request TCGETA decimal that0
toalphabetic' Return representable The digits character system
implemented true also except true system specified request TCGETA
decimal that upper condition also read0 to,' Header trough
representable also read0 "255,255" Header trough representable
TCSETAF the0 tothem' none system specified request TCGETA decimal
punctutation one TCSETA case as used device0 tothen' one also zero
sets0 tioisalphatiothrough one must0
tioisalphatioif one as ignored including0 char tests undefined true
tioisalphatiorequests- tioisalphatiowhich- be ; TCSETAW ; then ;
string ; return < termio . # See representable ' files
digitsalphabetic
0h alsomay>falsean
isspacealphabetic
Header PrintingEOF 255Compatibility character :In9alphanumeric
Header Printingequal 255Compatibility character :In9alphanumeric
charactersalphabetic
Description
ctypealphabetic
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower occupy
c In hexadecimal be any device In> iscntrl; if locales a> ANSI device
include macros or printing isascii A; isalpha isprint c and depending In> For
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of; none ignored is none device
one In hexadecimal functions none must islower occupy c In decimal int control
isalnum none condition other current 255not if implemented control isalnum
none condition depending9>
Printingequal2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower
occupy c In hexadecimal and isupper device In> iscntrl hexadecimal locales a>
isxdigit device include Currently int macros or printing isascii A isascii and
depending In> For Printingequal2559 locales and including<position of;
otherwise char ispunct and current occupy none must islower occupy c In>
integer non C PrintingEOF2559 behavior Printingequal2559 it a F isgraph
include on macros or and depending In int except c printing isascii A>
In-)Prototypes PrintingEOF 255In9 Prototypes Printingequal 255In9
returnreturnpunctutationReturnreturnRestrictionsReturnreturnrepresentable
.printingprinting.-)Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.AdeterminingAisdigit.,Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.casealphabeticprintingprintingfprintingprintingboth.)Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.casealphabeticA.-(Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.f.-(Prototypes position-"Prototypes including<position
.fAboth.-#Prototypes position-"Prototypes including<position
.casealphabeticf.-'Prototypes position-"Prototypes position
.Controlalphabetic.-)Prototypes position-"Prototypes position
..--Prototypes position-"Prototypes position
locale ofalphabetic
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower occupy
c In hexadecimal be any device In> iscntrl; PrintingEOF2559 locales a>
Printingequal2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower
occupy c In hexadecimal and isupper device In> iscntrl Printingequal2559
locales a>
lower asalphabetic Printingare2559; Printingdisplay2559 " # ( , - . 0
9 : a alphabetic alphanumeric an and ANSI any are TCXONC terminal
termio the There value void Wait - " a " alphanumeric " read " using "
" " " C # than # See # # ' may ' zero ' TCGETA ' TCSETAW ' Zsys ' an ( or ( (
( an ) and ) ANSI ) both ) char ) characters ) taken ) ) digits , display
, isxdigit , locale , TCFLSH , , , z - time - of . one . Return . sockets .
store . Zsys . The . . . 255 0 isalpha 0 isprint 0 z 0 SysV 0 termio 0 0 one
255 or 255 to 255 type 255 used 255 ) 9 9 9 char : There : there : : a ;
string ; decimal < equal < integer < isspace < These < upper < requests <
return < send < set < sockets < specified < struct < sys < through : # space
# for determining.
"h 255macros-F9
islower.
punctutation setlocaledigits 'c )including(0
punctutation setlocaledisplay 'c )including, character c )alphanumeric(0
punctutation setlocaleisspace 'punctutation(0
punctutation setlocalelocale 'character c )including(0
char.
decimal
ctype.
setlocaledigits'( Control on Description including iscntrl otherwise ANSI
including otherwise include both position on Description none if both isgraph-
< case depending- A Compatibility a representable- functions on Description
including current integer characters : Currently In, ignored if alphabetic
otherwise isprint otherwise on Currently it ANSI setlocalelocale'(- other
isupper or, setlocaledigits'( are Header ; Description not- functions on
Description none is : Currently C isalpha For on control Currently C, See
locales as setlocaleisspace'( otherwise ispunct on any- setlocalelocale'( of
on Currently including equal on may iscntrl otherwise ANSI including EOF
except setlocaledigits'( behavior- functions setlocalelocale'( files#occupy
an be lower on implemented as otherwise setlocaleisspace'( isalpha For on
Description including current integer characters : Currently In,
setlocaledigits'( Printing on control Currently- functions
setlocaleintsetlocalehexadecimal'( false integer Return an be, ignored if be
ANSI setlocaledigits'(-
setlocaledisplay'( if : Prototypes is setlocaledigits'( return locales also
printing Restrictions condition isalnum : non is : isascii including otherwise
include both- including isdigit otherwise on non, alphanumeric isdigit
otherwise on and is on isascii including- one may iscntrl otherwise ANSI
alphanumeric if printing EOF f on Currently In-
isxdigit >. setlocaledevice'(, setlocaleintsetlocalehexadecimal'(,
setlocaleintsetlocalemust'( : A a alphabetic alphanumeric an ANSI
TCXONC terminal termio the There used When - " F " int " locales "
requests " returned " set " sockets " " " " " " "
"be#C#character#than#See#specified#type#types#under##may'TCSETAW'Zsys'an(or((((any)are)characters)isupper)setlocale)TCFLSH)taken) ) ) )digits,display,locale,to,type,,,control-including-Set-of.white.sockets.Zsys.time..isprint0z0queue0tio0 0islower255REQUESTS255When255255)9decimal9if9iscntrl9Z9 9char:control:lower:type:unsigned:which:requests:there:three::
A ; a ; queue ; then ; types ; takes ; ; both < Compatibility < decimal < that
< These < return < decimal any # type take 255 isxdigit integer<
#not Aisascii0ispuncta
Restrictions<
occupy isascii (F determining ,punctutation- F determining ,that- occupy
isalnum)>
EOF<
requests0:
functions<
System isascii() isprint display system specified request TCGETA decimal that
TCGETA send it or return system int that queues request TCGETA decimal system
punctutation c0 System of true system store request TCGETA decimal
punctutation be that C one setlocale decimal isalnum- terminal one system
control unsigned true The upper space true system isdigit isalnum<
isalphatiothrough locale isalphatiothrough one trough socket- also characters
device (tothen') none system specified request TCGETA decimal
punctutation iscntrl decimal both white device return sys See device
none system specified request TCGETA decimal that0 non z- tothenthen'
return also characters none system specified request TCGETA decimal
that0
locale isalphatiothrough one socket- also characters device none
system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation one TCSETA case
as used device0
isalphatio_ locale isalphatio_ one socket- also sockets device (to255') none
system specified request TCGETA decimal that than Compatibility
include Restrictions decimal also sockets none system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation> or one trough Restrictions
decimal toalphabetic'- to,'- upper tothemThere' none system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation0
locale isalphatio_ one trough socket- also sockets device none system
specified request TCGETA decimal that one TCSETA case as used device0
locale tioisalphatiowhich upper tioisalphatioif one socket- system
characters device one TCSETA printing also sockets- that returned
TCGETA isalphatio_0
isalphatiorefers locale isalphatiorefers one socket- SysV also toother' read
device (to0') none system specified request TCGETA decimal that return
also read (Currently trough toalphabetic'- to,'- be tothemThere') none
system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation0 System See true
toother' For type isalphatio_< locale isalphatio_ one socket- also
read one toother' it or one system is device none system specified
request TCGETA decimal that upper it or macros isgraph also sockets0
locale isalphatio_ one trough socket- also read one toother' it or one
system is device true system specified request TCGETA decimal that0
locale isalphatiorefers one trough socket- also read none system
specified request TCGETA decimal that one TCSETA case as used device0
tioisalphatiolocales locale tioisalphatiolocales one socket- otherwise
Description one lower- sys one- Prototypes Description position
representable system for TCSETAW Description position0 locale
tioisalphatiolocales one trough socket- Prototypes Description
position be TCSETAW Description position C h0
tioisalphatiolocales one as ignored including0
tioisalphatioqueue locale tioisalphatioqueue one socket- system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation Return representable also equal
zero REQUESTS true system specified request TCGETA decimal that- sys
one- system specified request TCGETA decimal that depending isupper an
zero f character system implemented0
tioisalphatioqueue one as ignored including0
tioisalphatiorequests locale tioisalphatiorequests one socket- upper toupper
true tioisalphatiowhich be tioisalphatioif C socket- isascii() isspace
requests0: set0
tioisalphatiorequests one as ignored including0
tioisalphatiowhich locale tioisalphatiowhich one socket- isascii() isspace
value255: set< Z f none system specified request TCGETA decimal that
isupper as may read character system implemented it TCFLSH
hexadecimal'struct false also read0 alphanumeric read character
system implemented true also except none system specified request
TCGETA decimal punctutation Return representable The digits character
system implemented true also except true system specified request
TCGETA decimal that0 toalphabetic' Return representable The digits
character system implemented true also except true system specified
request TCGETA decimal that upper condition also read0 "255,255"
Header trough representable TCSETAF the0 tothem' none system
specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation one TCSETA case as used
device0 tothen' one also zero sets0 tioisalphatiothrough must0
tioisalphatiowhich one as ignored including0 char tests undefined
true tioisalphatiorequests- tioisalphatiowhich- be tioisalphatioif
depending Compatibility socket0
tioisalphatioif locale tioisalphatiowhich one socket- isascii() isspace if
set< Z f none system specified request TCGETA decimal that isupper as
may read character system implemented it TCFLSH hexadecimal'struct
false also read0 alphanumeric read character system implemented true
also except none system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation
Return representable The digits character system implemented true also
except true system specified request TCGETA decimal that0
toalphabetic' Return representable The digits character system
implemented true also except true system specified request TCGETA
decimal that upper condition also read0 to,' Header trough
representable also read0 "255,255" Header trough representable
TCSETAF the0 tothem' none system specified request TCGETA decimal
punctutation one TCSETA case as used device0 tothen' one also zero
sets0 tioisalphatiothrough one must0
tioisalphatioif one as ignored including0 char tests undefined true
tioisalphatiorequests- tioisalphatiowhich- be ; TCSETAW ; then ;
string ; return < termio . # See representable ' files
digitsalphabetic
0h alsomay>falsean
isspacealphabetic
Header PrintingEOF 255Compatibility character :In9alphanumeric
Header Printingequal 255Compatibility character :In9alphanumeric
charactersalphabetic
Description
ctypealphabetic
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower occupy
c In hexadecimal be any device In> iscntrl; if locales a> ANSI device
include macros or printing isascii A; isalpha isprint c and depending In> For
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of; none ignored is none device
one In hexadecimal functions none must islower occupy c In decimal int control
isalnum none condition other current 255not if implemented control isalnum
none condition depending9>
Printingequal2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower
occupy c In hexadecimal and isupper device In> iscntrl hexadecimal locales a>
isxdigit device include Currently int macros or printing isascii A isascii and
depending In> For Printingequal2559 locales and including<position of;
otherwise char ispunct and current occupy none must islower occupy c In>
integer non C PrintingEOF2559 behavior Printingequal2559 it a F isgraph
include on macros or and depending In int except c printing isascii A>
In-)Prototypes PrintingEOF 255In9 Prototypes Printingequal 255In9
returnreturnpunctutationReturnreturnRestrictionsReturnreturnrepresentable
.printingprinting.-)Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.AdeterminingAisdigit.,Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.casealphabeticprintingprintingfprintingprintingboth.)Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.casealphabeticA.-(Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.f.-(Prototypes position-"Prototypes including<position
.fAboth.-#Prototypes position-"Prototypes including<position
.casealphabeticf.-'Prototypes position-"Prototypes position
.Controlalphabetic.-)Prototypes position-"Prototypes position
..--Prototypes position-"Prototypes position
locale ofalphabetic
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower occupy
c In hexadecimal be any device In> iscntrl; PrintingEOF2559 locales a>
Printingequal2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower
occupy c In hexadecimal and isupper device In> iscntrl Printingequal2559
locales a>
lower asalphabetic Printingare2559; Printingdisplay2559 " # ( , - . 0
9 : a alphabetic alphanumeric an and ANSI any are TCXONC terminal
termio the There value void Wait - " a " alphanumeric " read " using "
" " " C # than # See # # ' may ' zero ' TCGETA ' TCSETAW ' Zsys ' an ( or ( (
( an ) and ) ANSI ) both ) char ) characters ) taken ) ) digits , display
, isxdigit , locale , TCFLSH , , , z - time - of . one . Return . sockets .
store . Zsys . The . . . 255 0 isalpha 0 isprint 0 z 0 SysV 0 termio 0 0 one
255 or 255 to 255 type 255 used 255 ) 9 9 9 char : There : there : : a ;
string ; decimal < equal < integer < isspace < These < upper < requests <
return < send < set < sockets < specified < struct < sys < through : # space
# for determining.
"h 255macros-F9
islower.
punctutation setlocaledigits 'c )including(0
punctutation setlocaledisplay 'c )including, character c )alphanumeric(0
punctutation setlocaleisspace 'punctutation(0
punctutation setlocalelocale 'character c )including(0
char.
decimal
ctype.
setlocaledigits'( Control on Description including iscntrl otherwise ANSI
including otherwise include both position on Description none if both isgraph-
< case depending- A Compatibility a representable- functions on Description
including current integer characters : Currently In, ignored if alphabetic
otherwise isprint otherwise on Currently it ANSI setlocalelocale'(- other
isupper or, setlocaledigits'( are Header ; Description not- functions on
Description none is : Currently C isalpha For on control Currently C, See
locales as setlocaleisspace'( otherwise ispunct on any- setlocalelocale'( of
on Currently including equal on may iscntrl otherwise ANSI including EOF
except setlocaledigits'( behavior- functions setlocalelocale'( files#occupy
an be lower on implemented as otherwise setlocaleisspace'( isalpha For on
Description including current integer characters : Currently In,
setlocaledigits'( Printing on control Currently- functions
setlocaleintsetlocalehexadecimal'( false integer Return an be, ignored if be
ANSI setlocaledigits'(-
setlocaledisplay'( if : Prototypes is setlocaledigits'( return locales also
printing Restrictions condition isalnum : non is : isascii including otherwise
include both- including isdigit otherwise on non, alphanumeric isdigit
otherwise on and is on isascii including- one may iscntrl otherwise ANSI
alphanumeric if printing EOF f on Currently In-
isxdigit >. setlocaledevice'(, setlocaleintsetlocalehexadecimal'(,
setlocaleintsetlocalemust'( : A a alphabetic alphanumeric an ANSI
TCXONC terminal termio the There used When - " F " int " locales "
requests " returned " set " sockets " " " " " " "
"be#C#character#than#See#specified#type#types#under##may'TCSETAW'Zsys'an(or((((any)are)characters)isupper)setlocale)TCFLSH)taken) ) ) )digits,display,locale,to,type,,,control-including-Set-of.white.sockets.Zsys.time..isprint0z0queue0tio0 0islower255REQUESTS255When255255)9decimal9if9iscntrl9Z9 9char:control:lower:type:unsigned:which:requests:there:three::
A ; a ; queue ; then ; types ; takes ; ; both < Compatibility < decimal < that
< These < return < decimal any # type take 255 isxdigit integer<
#not Aisascii0ispuncta
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EOF<
requests0:
functions<
System isascii() isprint display system specified request TCGETA decimal that
TCGETA send it or return system int that queues request TCGETA decimal system
punctutation c0 System of true system store request TCGETA decimal
punctutation be that C one setlocale decimal isalnum- terminal one system
control unsigned true The upper space true system isdigit isalnum<
isalphatiothrough locale isalphatiothrough one trough socket- also characters
device (tothen') none system specified request TCGETA decimal
punctutation iscntrl decimal both white device return sys See device
none system specified request TCGETA decimal that0 non z- tothenthen'
return also characters none system specified request TCGETA decimal
that0
locale isalphatiothrough one socket- also characters device none
system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation one TCSETA case
as used device0
isalphatio_ locale isalphatio_ one socket- also sockets device (to255') none
system specified request TCGETA decimal that than Compatibility
include Restrictions decimal also sockets none system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation> or one trough Restrictions
decimal toalphabetic'- to,'- upper tothemThere' none system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation0
locale isalphatio_ one trough socket- also sockets device none system
specified request TCGETA decimal that one TCSETA case as used device0
locale tioisalphatiowhich upper tioisalphatioif one socket- system
characters device one TCSETA printing also sockets- that returned
TCGETA isalphatio_0
isalphatiorefers locale isalphatiorefers one socket- SysV also toother' read
device (to0') none system specified request TCGETA decimal that return
also read (Currently trough toalphabetic'- to,'- be tothemThere') none
system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation0 System See true
toother' For type isalphatio_< locale isalphatio_ one socket- also
read one toother' it or one system is device none system specified
request TCGETA decimal that upper it or macros isgraph also sockets0
locale isalphatio_ one trough socket- also read one toother' it or one
system is device true system specified request TCGETA decimal that0
locale isalphatiorefers one trough socket- also read none system
specified request TCGETA decimal that one TCSETA case as used device0
tioisalphatiolocales locale tioisalphatiolocales one socket- otherwise
Description one lower- sys one- Prototypes Description position
representable system for TCSETAW Description position0 locale
tioisalphatiolocales one trough socket- Prototypes Description
position be TCSETAW Description position C h0
tioisalphatiolocales one as ignored including0
tioisalphatioqueue locale tioisalphatioqueue one socket- system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation Return representable also equal
zero REQUESTS true system specified request TCGETA decimal that- sys
one- system specified request TCGETA decimal that depending isupper an
zero f character system implemented0
tioisalphatioqueue one as ignored including0
tioisalphatiorequests locale tioisalphatiorequests one socket- upper toupper
true tioisalphatiowhich be tioisalphatioif C socket- isascii() isspace
requests0: set0
tioisalphatiorequests one as ignored including0
tioisalphatiowhich locale tioisalphatiowhich one socket- isascii() isspace
value255: set< Z f none system specified request TCGETA decimal that
isupper as may read character system implemented it TCFLSH
hexadecimal'struct false also read0 alphanumeric read character
system implemented true also except none system specified request
TCGETA decimal punctutation Return representable The digits character
system implemented true also except true system specified request
TCGETA decimal that0 toalphabetic' Return representable The digits
character system implemented true also except true system specified
request TCGETA decimal that upper condition also read0 "255,255"
Header trough representable TCSETAF the0 tothem' none system
specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation one TCSETA case as used
device0 tothen' one also zero sets0 tioisalphatiothrough must0
tioisalphatiowhich one as ignored including0 char tests undefined
true tioisalphatiorequests- tioisalphatiowhich- be tioisalphatioif
depending Compatibility socket0
tioisalphatioif locale tioisalphatiowhich one socket- isascii() isspace if
set< Z f none system specified request TCGETA decimal that isupper as
may read character system implemented it TCFLSH hexadecimal'struct
false also read0 alphanumeric read character system implemented true
also except none system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation
Return representable The digits character system implemented true also
except true system specified request TCGETA decimal that0
toalphabetic' Return representable The digits character system
implemented true also except true system specified request TCGETA
decimal that upper condition also read0 to,' Header trough
representable also read0 "255,255" Header trough representable
TCSETAF the0 tothem' none system specified request TCGETA decimal
punctutation one TCSETA case as used device0 tothen' one also zero
sets0 tioisalphatiothrough one must0
tioisalphatioif one as ignored including0 char tests undefined true
tioisalphatiorequests- tioisalphatiowhich- be ; TCSETAW ; then ;
string ; return < termio . # See representable ' files
digitsalphabetic
0h alsomay>falsean
isspacealphabetic
Header PrintingEOF 255Compatibility character :In9alphanumeric
Header Printingequal 255Compatibility character :In9alphanumeric
charactersalphabetic
Description
ctypealphabetic
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower occupy
c In hexadecimal be any device In> iscntrl; if locales a> ANSI device
include macros or printing isascii A; isalpha isprint c and depending In> For
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of; none ignored is none device
one In hexadecimal functions none must islower occupy c In decimal int control
isalnum none condition other current 255not if implemented control isalnum
none condition depending9>
Printingequal2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower
occupy c In hexadecimal and isupper device In> iscntrl hexadecimal locales a>
isxdigit device include Currently int macros or printing isascii A isascii and
depending In> For Printingequal2559 locales and including<position of;
otherwise char ispunct and current occupy none must islower occupy c In>
integer non C PrintingEOF2559 behavior Printingequal2559 it a F isgraph
include on macros or and depending In int except c printing isascii A>
In-)Prototypes PrintingEOF 255In9 Prototypes Printingequal 255In9
returnreturnpunctutationReturnreturnRestrictionsReturnreturnrepresentable
.printingprinting.-)Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.AdeterminingAisdigit.,Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.casealphabeticprintingprintingfprintingprintingboth.)Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.casealphabeticA.-(Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.f.-(Prototypes position-"Prototypes including<position
.fAboth.-#Prototypes position-"Prototypes including<position
.casealphabeticf.-'Prototypes position-"Prototypes position
.Controlalphabetic.-)Prototypes position-"Prototypes position
..--Prototypes position-"Prototypes position
locale ofalphabetic
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower occupy
c In hexadecimal be any device In> iscntrl; PrintingEOF2559 locales a>
Printingequal2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower
occupy c In hexadecimal and isupper device In> iscntrl Printingequal2559
locales a>
lower asalphabetic Printingare2559; Printingdisplay2559 " # ( , - . 0
9 : a alphabetic alphanumeric an and ANSI any are TCXONC terminal
termio the There value void Wait - " a " alphanumeric " read " using "
" " " C # than # See # # ' may ' zero ' TCGETA ' TCSETAW ' Zsys ' an ( or ( (
( an ) and ) ANSI ) both ) char ) characters ) taken ) ) digits , display
, isxdigit , locale , TCFLSH , , , z - time - of . one . Return . sockets .
store . Zsys . The . . . 255 0 isalpha 0 isprint 0 z 0 SysV 0 termio 0 0 one
255 or 255 to 255 type 255 used 255 ) 9 9 9 char : There : there : : a ;
string ; decimal < equal < integer < isspace < These < upper < requests <
return < send < set < sockets < specified < struct < sys < through : # space
# for determining.
"h 255macros-F9
islower.
punctutation setlocaledigits 'c )including(0
punctutation setlocaledisplay 'c )including, character c )alphanumeric(0
punctutation setlocaleisspace 'punctutation(0
punctutation setlocalelocale 'character c )including(0
char.
decimal
ctype.
setlocaledigits'( Control on Description including iscntrl otherwise ANSI
including otherwise include both position on Description none if both isgraph-
< case depending- A Compatibility a representable- functions on Description
including current integer characters : Currently In, ignored if alphabetic
otherwise isprint otherwise on Currently it ANSI setlocalelocale'(- other
isupper or, setlocaledigits'( are Header ; Description not- functions on
Description none is : Currently C isalpha For on control Currently C, See
locales as setlocaleisspace'( otherwise ispunct on any- setlocalelocale'( of
on Currently including equal on may iscntrl otherwise ANSI including EOF
except setlocaledigits'( behavior- functions setlocalelocale'( files#occupy
an be lower on implemented as otherwise setlocaleisspace'( isalpha For on
Description including current integer characters : Currently In,
setlocaledigits'( Printing on control Currently- functions
setlocaleintsetlocalehexadecimal'( false integer Return an be, ignored if be
ANSI setlocaledigits'(-
setlocaledisplay'( if : Prototypes is setlocaledigits'( return locales also
printing Restrictions condition isalnum : non is : isascii including otherwise
include both- including isdigit otherwise on non, alphanumeric isdigit
otherwise on and is on isascii including- one may iscntrl otherwise ANSI
alphanumeric if printing EOF f on Currently In-
isxdigit >. setlocaledevice'(, setlocaleintsetlocalehexadecimal'(,
setlocaleintsetlocalemust'( : A a alphabetic alphanumeric an ANSI
TCXONC terminal termio the There used When - " F " int " locales "
requests " returned " set " sockets " " " " " " "
"be#C#character#than#See#specified#type#types#under##may'TCSETAW'Zsys'an(or((((any)are)characters)isupper)setlocale)TCFLSH)taken) ) ) )digits,display,locale,to,type,,,control-including-Set-of.white.sockets.Zsys.time..isprint0z0queue0tio0 0islower255REQUESTS255When255255)9decimal9if9iscntrl9Z9 9char:control:lower:type:unsigned:which:requests:there:three::
A ; a ; queue ; then ; types ; takes ; ; both < Compatibility < decimal < that
< These < return < decimal any # type take 255 isxdigit integer<
#not Aisascii0ispuncta
Restrictions<
occupy isascii (F determining ,punctutation- F determining ,that- occupy
isalnum)>
EOF<
requests0:
functions<
System isascii() isprint display system specified request TCGETA decimal that
TCGETA send it or return system int that queues request TCGETA decimal system
punctutation c0 System of true system store request TCGETA decimal
punctutation be that C one setlocale decimal isalnum- terminal one system
control unsigned true The upper space true system isdigit isalnum<
isalphatiothrough locale isalphatiothrough one trough socket- also characters
device (tothen') none system specified request TCGETA decimal
punctutation iscntrl decimal both white device return sys See device
none system specified request TCGETA decimal that0 non z- tothenthen'
return also characters none system specified request TCGETA decimal
that0
locale isalphatiothrough one socket- also characters device none
system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation one TCSETA case
as used device0
isalphatio_ locale isalphatio_ one socket- also sockets device (to255') none
system specified request TCGETA decimal that than Compatibility
include Restrictions decimal also sockets none system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation> or one trough Restrictions
decimal toalphabetic'- to,'- upper tothemThere' none system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation0
locale isalphatio_ one trough socket- also sockets device none system
specified request TCGETA decimal that one TCSETA case as used device0
locale tioisalphatiowhich upper tioisalphatioif one socket- system
characters device one TCSETA printing also sockets- that returned
TCGETA isalphatio_0
isalphatiorefers locale isalphatiorefers one socket- SysV also toother' read
device (to0') none system specified request TCGETA decimal that return
also read (Currently trough toalphabetic'- to,'- be tothemThere') none
system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation0 System See true
toother' For type isalphatio_< locale isalphatio_ one socket- also
read one toother' it or one system is device none system specified
request TCGETA decimal that upper it or macros isgraph also sockets0
locale isalphatio_ one trough socket- also read one toother' it or one
system is device true system specified request TCGETA decimal that0
locale isalphatiorefers one trough socket- also read none system
specified request TCGETA decimal that one TCSETA case as used device0
tioisalphatiolocales locale tioisalphatiolocales one socket- otherwise
Description one lower- sys one- Prototypes Description position
representable system for TCSETAW Description position0 locale
tioisalphatiolocales one trough socket- Prototypes Description
position be TCSETAW Description position C h0
tioisalphatiolocales one as ignored including0
tioisalphatioqueue locale tioisalphatioqueue one socket- system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation Return representable also equal
zero REQUESTS true system specified request TCGETA decimal that- sys
one- system specified request TCGETA decimal that depending isupper an
zero f character system implemented0
tioisalphatioqueue one as ignored including0
tioisalphatiorequests locale tioisalphatiorequests one socket- upper toupper
true tioisalphatiowhich be tioisalphatioif C socket- isascii() isspace
requests0: set0
tioisalphatiorequests one as ignored including0
tioisalphatiowhich locale tioisalphatiowhich one socket- isascii() isspace
value255: set< Z f none system specified request TCGETA decimal that
isupper as may read character system implemented it TCFLSH
hexadecimal'struct false also read0 alphanumeric read character
system implemented true also except none system specified request
TCGETA decimal punctutation Return representable The digits character
system implemented true also except true system specified request
TCGETA decimal that0 toalphabetic' Return representable The digits
character system implemented true also except true system specified
request TCGETA decimal that upper condition also read0 "255,255"
Header trough representable TCSETAF the0 tothem' none system
specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation one TCSETA case as used
device0 tothen' one also zero sets0 tioisalphatiothrough must0
tioisalphatiowhich one as ignored including0 char tests undefined
true tioisalphatiorequests- tioisalphatiowhich- be tioisalphatioif
depending Compatibility socket0
tioisalphatioif locale tioisalphatiowhich one socket- isascii() isspace if
set< Z f none system specified request TCGETA decimal that isupper as
may read character system implemented it TCFLSH hexadecimal'struct
false also read0 alphanumeric read character system implemented true
also except none system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation
Return representable The digits character system implemented true also
except true system specified request TCGETA decimal that0
toalphabetic' Return representable The digits character system
implemented true also except true system specified request TCGETA
decimal that upper condition also read0 to,' Header trough
representable also read0 "255,255" Header trough representable
TCSETAF the0 tothem' none system specified request TCGETA decimal
punctutation one TCSETA case as used device0 tothen' one also zero
sets0 tioisalphatiothrough one must0
tioisalphatioif one as ignored including0 char tests undefined true
tioisalphatiorequests- tioisalphatiowhich- be ; TCSETAW ; then ;
string ; return < termio . # See representable ' files
digitsalphabetic
0h alsomay>falsean
isspacealphabetic
Header PrintingEOF 255Compatibility character :In9alphanumeric
Header Printingequal 255Compatibility character :In9alphanumeric
charactersalphabetic
Description
ctypealphabetic
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower occupy
c In hexadecimal be any device In> iscntrl; if locales a> ANSI device
include macros or printing isascii A; isalpha isprint c and depending In> For
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of; none ignored is none device
one In hexadecimal functions none must islower occupy c In decimal int control
isalnum none condition other current 255not if implemented control isalnum
none condition depending9>
Printingequal2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower
occupy c In hexadecimal and isupper device In> iscntrl hexadecimal locales a>
isxdigit device include Currently int macros or printing isascii A isascii and
depending In> For Printingequal2559 locales and including<position of;
otherwise char ispunct and current occupy none must islower occupy c In>
integer non C PrintingEOF2559 behavior Printingequal2559 it a F isgraph
include on macros or and depending In int except c printing isascii A>
In-)Prototypes PrintingEOF 255In9 Prototypes Printingequal 255In9
returnreturnpunctutationReturnreturnRestrictionsReturnreturnrepresentable
.printingprinting.-)Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.AdeterminingAisdigit.,Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.casealphabeticprintingprintingfprintingprintingboth.)Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.casealphabeticA.-(Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.f.-(Prototypes position-"Prototypes including<position
.fAboth.-#Prototypes position-"Prototypes including<position
.casealphabeticf.-'Prototypes position-"Prototypes position
.Controlalphabetic.-)Prototypes position-"Prototypes position
..--Prototypes position-"Prototypes position
locale ofalphabetic
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower occupy
c In hexadecimal be any device In> iscntrl; PrintingEOF2559 locales a>
Printingequal2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower
occupy c In hexadecimal and isupper device In> iscntrl Printingequal2559
locales a>
lower asalphabetic Printingare2559; Printingdisplay2559 " # ( , - . 0
9 : a alphabetic alphanumeric an and ANSI any are TCXONC terminal
termio the There value void Wait - " a " alphanumeric " read " using "
" " " C # than # See # # ' may ' zero ' TCGETA ' TCSETAW ' Zsys ' an ( or ( (
( an ) and ) ANSI ) both ) char ) characters ) taken ) ) digits , display
, isxdigit , locale , TCFLSH , , , z - time - of . one . Return . sockets .
store . Zsys . The . . . 255 0 isalpha 0 isprint 0 z 0 SysV 0 termio 0 0 one
255 or 255 to 255 type 255 used 255 ) 9 9 9 char : There : there : : a ;
string ; decimal < equal < integer < isspace < These < upper < requests <
return < send < set < sockets < specified < struct < sys < through : # space
# for determining.
"h 255macros-F9
islower.
punctutation setlocaledigits 'c )including(0
punctutation setlocaledisplay 'c )including, character c )alphanumeric(0
punctutation setlocaleisspace 'punctutation(0
punctutation setlocalelocale 'character c )including(0
char.
decimal
ctype.
setlocaledigits'( Control on Description including iscntrl otherwise ANSI
including otherwise include both position on Description none if both isgraph-
< case depending- A Compatibility a representable- functions on Description
including current integer characters : Currently In, ignored if alphabetic
otherwise isprint otherwise on Currently it ANSI setlocalelocale'(- other
isupper or, setlocaledigits'( are Header ; Description not- functions on
Description none is : Currently C isalpha For on control Currently C, See
locales as setlocaleisspace'( otherwise ispunct on any- setlocalelocale'( of
on Currently including equal on may iscntrl otherwise ANSI including EOF
except setlocaledigits'( behavior- functions setlocalelocale'( files#occupy
an be lower on implemented as otherwise setlocaleisspace'( isalpha For on
Description including current integer characters : Currently In,
setlocaledigits'( Printing on control Currently- functions
setlocaleintsetlocalehexadecimal'( false integer Return an be, ignored if be
ANSI setlocaledigits'(-
setlocaledisplay'( if : Prototypes is setlocaledigits'( return locales also
printing Restrictions condition isalnum : non is : isascii including otherwise
include both- including isdigit otherwise on non, alphanumeric isdigit
otherwise on and is on isascii including- one may iscntrl otherwise ANSI
alphanumeric if printing EOF f on Currently In-
isxdigit >. setlocaledevice'(, setlocaleintsetlocalehexadecimal'(,
setlocaleintsetlocalemust'( : A a alphabetic alphanumeric an ANSI
TCXONC terminal termio the There used When - " F " int " locales "
requests " returned " set " sockets " " " " " " "
"be#C#character#than#See#specified#type#types#under##may'TCSETAW'Zsys'an(or((((any)are)characters)isupper)setlocale)TCFLSH)taken) ) ) )digits,display,locale,to,type,,,control-including-Set-of.white.sockets.Zsys.time..isprint0z0queue0tio0 0islower255REQUESTS255When255255)9decimal9if9iscntrl9Z9 9char:control:lower:type:unsigned:which:requests:there:three::
A ; a ; queue ; then ; types ; takes ; ; both < Compatibility < decimal < that
< These < return < decimal any # type take 255 isxdigit integer<
#not Aisascii0ispuncta
Restrictions<
occupy isascii (F determining ,punctutation- F determining ,that- occupy
isalnum)>
EOF<
requests0:
functions<
System isascii() isprint display system specified request TCGETA decimal that
TCGETA send it or return system int that queues request TCGETA decimal system
punctutation c0 System of true system store request TCGETA decimal
punctutation be that C one setlocale decimal isalnum- terminal one system
control unsigned true The upper space true system isdigit isalnum<
isalphatiothrough locale isalphatiothrough one trough socket- also characters
device (tothen') none system specified request TCGETA decimal
punctutation iscntrl decimal both white device return sys See device
none system specified request TCGETA decimal that0 non z- tothenthen'
return also characters none system specified request TCGETA decimal
that0
locale isalphatiothrough one socket- also characters device none
system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation one TCSETA case
as used device0
isalphatio_ locale isalphatio_ one socket- also sockets device (to255') none
system specified request TCGETA decimal that than Compatibility
include Restrictions decimal also sockets none system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation> or one trough Restrictions
decimal toalphabetic'- to,'- upper tothemThere' none system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation0
locale isalphatio_ one trough socket- also sockets device none system
specified request TCGETA decimal that one TCSETA case as used device0
locale tioisalphatiowhich upper tioisalphatioif one socket- system
characters device one TCSETA printing also sockets- that returned
TCGETA isalphatio_0
isalphatiorefers locale isalphatiorefers one socket- SysV also toother' read
device (to0') none system specified request TCGETA decimal that return
also read (Currently trough toalphabetic'- to,'- be tothemThere') none
system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation0 System See true
toother' For type isalphatio_< locale isalphatio_ one socket- also
read one toother' it or one system is device none system specified
request TCGETA decimal that upper it or macros isgraph also sockets0
locale isalphatio_ one trough socket- also read one toother' it or one
system is device true system specified request TCGETA decimal that0
locale isalphatiorefers one trough socket- also read none system
specified request TCGETA decimal that one TCSETA case as used device0
tioisalphatiolocales locale tioisalphatiolocales one socket- otherwise
Description one lower- sys one- Prototypes Description position
representable system for TCSETAW Description position0 locale
tioisalphatiolocales one trough socket- Prototypes Description
position be TCSETAW Description position C h0
tioisalphatiolocales one as ignored including0
tioisalphatioqueue locale tioisalphatioqueue one socket- system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation Return representable also equal
zero REQUESTS true system specified request TCGETA decimal that- sys
one- system specified request TCGETA decimal that depending isupper an
zero f character system implemented0
tioisalphatioqueue one as ignored including0
tioisalphatiorequests locale tioisalphatiorequests one socket- upper toupper
true tioisalphatiowhich be tioisalphatioif C socket- isascii() isspace
requests0: set0
tioisalphatiorequests one as ignored including0
tioisalphatiowhich locale tioisalphatiowhich one socket- isascii() isspace
value255: set< Z f none system specified request TCGETA decimal that
isupper as may read character system implemented it TCFLSH
hexadecimal'struct false also read0 alphanumeric read character
system implemented true also except none system specified request
TCGETA decimal punctutation Return representable The digits character
system implemented true also except true system specified request
TCGETA decimal that0 toalphabetic' Return representable The digits
character system implemented true also except true system specified
request TCGETA decimal that upper condition also read0 "255,255"
Header trough representable TCSETAF the0 tothem' none system
specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation one TCSETA case as used
device0 tothen' one also zero sets0 tioisalphatiothrough must0
tioisalphatiowhich one as ignored including0 char tests undefined
true tioisalphatiorequests- tioisalphatiowhich- be tioisalphatioif
depending Compatibility socket0
tioisalphatioif locale tioisalphatiowhich one socket- isascii() isspace if
set< Z f none system specified request TCGETA decimal that isupper as
may read character system implemented it TCFLSH hexadecimal'struct
false also read0 alphanumeric read character system implemented true
also except none system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation
Return representable The digits character system implemented true also
except true system specified request TCGETA decimal that0
toalphabetic' Return representable The digits character system
implemented true also except true system specified request TCGETA
decimal that upper condition also read0 to,' Header trough
representable also read0 "255,255" Header trough representable
TCSETAF the0 tothem' none system specified request TCGETA decimal
punctutation one TCSETA case as used device0 tothen' one also zero
sets0 tioisalphatiothrough one must0
tioisalphatioif one as ignored including0 char tests undefined true
tioisalphatiorequests- tioisalphatiowhich- be ; TCSETAW ; then ;
string ; return < termio . # See representable ' files
digitsalphabetic
0h alsomay>falsean
isspacealphabetic
Header PrintingEOF 255Compatibility character :In9alphanumeric
Header Printingequal 255Compatibility character :In9alphanumeric
charactersalphabetic
Description
ctypealphabetic
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower occupy
c In hexadecimal be any device In> iscntrl; if locales a> ANSI device
include macros or printing isascii A; isalpha isprint c and depending In> For
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of; none ignored is none device
one In hexadecimal functions none must islower occupy c In decimal int control
isalnum none condition other current 255not if implemented control isalnum
none condition depending9>
Printingequal2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower
occupy c In hexadecimal and isupper device In> iscntrl hexadecimal locales a>
isxdigit device include Currently int macros or printing isascii A isascii and
depending In> For Printingequal2559 locales and including<position of;
otherwise char ispunct and current occupy none must islower occupy c In>
integer non C PrintingEOF2559 behavior Printingequal2559 it a F isgraph
include on macros or and depending In int except c printing isascii A>
In-)Prototypes PrintingEOF 255In9 Prototypes Printingequal 255In9
returnreturnpunctutationReturnreturnRestrictionsReturnreturnrepresentable
.printingprinting.-)Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.AdeterminingAisdigit.,Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.casealphabeticprintingprintingfprintingprintingboth.)Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.casealphabeticA.-(Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.f.-(Prototypes position-"Prototypes including<position
.fAboth.-#Prototypes position-"Prototypes including<position
.casealphabeticf.-'Prototypes position-"Prototypes position
.Controlalphabetic.-)Prototypes position-"Prototypes position
..--Prototypes position-"Prototypes position
locale ofalphabetic
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower occupy
c In hexadecimal be any device In> iscntrl; PrintingEOF2559 locales a>
Printingequal2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower
occupy c In hexadecimal and isupper device In> iscntrl Printingequal2559
locales a>
lower asalphabetic Printingare2559; Printingdisplay2559 " # ( , - . 0
9 : a alphabetic alphanumeric an and ANSI any are TCXONC terminal
termio the There value void Wait - " a " alphanumeric " read " using "
" " " C # than # See # # ' may ' zero ' TCGETA ' TCSETAW ' Zsys ' an ( or ( (
( an ) and ) ANSI ) both ) char ) characters ) taken ) ) digits , display
, isxdigit , locale , TCFLSH , , , z - time - of . one . Return . sockets .
store . Zsys . The . . . 255 0 isalpha 0 isprint 0 z 0 SysV 0 termio 0 0 one
255 or 255 to 255 type 255 used 255 ) 9 9 9 char : There : there : : a ;
string ; decimal < equal < integer < isspace < These < upper < requests <
return < send < set < sockets < specified < struct < sys < through : # space
# for determining.
"h 255macros-F9
islower.
punctutation setlocaledigits 'c )including(0
punctutation setlocaledisplay 'c )including, character c )alphanumeric(0
punctutation setlocaleisspace 'punctutation(0
punctutation setlocalelocale 'character c )including(0
char.
decimal
ctype.
setlocaledigits'( Control on Description including iscntrl otherwise ANSI
including otherwise include both position on Description none if both isgraph-
< case depending- A Compatibility a representable- functions on Description
including current integer characters : Currently In, ignored if alphabetic
otherwise isprint otherwise on Currently it ANSI setlocalelocale'(- other
isupper or, setlocaledigits'( are Header ; Description not- functions on
Description none is : Currently C isalpha For on control Currently C, See
locales as setlocaleisspace'( otherwise ispunct on any- setlocalelocale'( of
on Currently including equal on may iscntrl otherwise ANSI including EOF
except setlocaledigits'( behavior- functions setlocalelocale'( files#occupy
an be lower on implemented as otherwise setlocaleisspace'( isalpha For on
Description including current integer characters : Currently In,
setlocaledigits'( Printing on control Currently- functions
setlocaleintsetlocalehexadecimal'( false integer Return an be, ignored if be
ANSI setlocaledigits'(-
setlocaledisplay'( if : Prototypes is setlocaledigits'( return locales also
printing Restrictions condition isalnum : non is : isascii including otherwise
include both- including isdigit otherwise on non, alphanumeric isdigit
otherwise on and is on isascii including- one may iscntrl otherwise ANSI
alphanumeric if printing EOF f on Currently In-
isxdigit >. setlocaledevice'(, setlocaleintsetlocalehexadecimal'(,
setlocaleintsetlocalemust'( : A a alphabetic alphanumeric an ANSI
TCXONC terminal termio the There used When - " F " int " locales "
requests " returned " set " sockets " " " " " " "
"be#C#character#than#See#specified#type#types#under##may'TCSETAW'Zsys'an(or((((any)are)characters)isupper)setlocale)TCFLSH)taken) ) ) )digits,display,locale,to,type,,,control-including-Set-of.white.sockets.Zsys.time..isprint0z0queue0tio0 0islower255REQUESTS255When255255)9decimal9if9iscntrl9Z9 9char:control:lower:type:unsigned:which:requests:there:three::
A ; a ; queue ; then ; types ; takes ; ; both < Compatibility < decimal < that
< These < return < decimal any # type take 255 isxdigit integer<
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Restrictions<
occupy isascii (F determining ,punctutation- F determining ,that- occupy
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EOF<
requests0:
functions<
System isascii() isprint display system specified request TCGETA decimal that
TCGETA send it or return system int that queues request TCGETA decimal system
punctutation c0 System of true system store request TCGETA decimal
punctutation be that C one setlocale decimal isalnum- terminal one system
control unsigned true The upper space true system isdigit isalnum<
isalphatiothrough locale isalphatiothrough one trough socket- also characters
device (tothen') none system specified request TCGETA decimal
punctutation iscntrl decimal both white device return sys See device
none system specified request TCGETA decimal that0 non z- tothenthen'
return also characters none system specified request TCGETA decimal
that0
locale isalphatiothrough one socket- also characters device none
system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation one TCSETA case
as used device0
isalphatio_ locale isalphatio_ one socket- also sockets device (to255') none
system specified request TCGETA decimal that than Compatibility
include Restrictions decimal also sockets none system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation> or one trough Restrictions
decimal toalphabetic'- to,'- upper tothemThere' none system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation0
locale isalphatio_ one trough socket- also sockets device none system
specified request TCGETA decimal that one TCSETA case as used device0
locale tioisalphatiowhich upper tioisalphatioif one socket- system
characters device one TCSETA printing also sockets- that returned
TCGETA isalphatio_0
isalphatiorefers locale isalphatiorefers one socket- SysV also toother' read
device (to0') none system specified request TCGETA decimal that return
also read (Currently trough toalphabetic'- to,'- be tothemThere') none
system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation0 System See true
toother' For type isalphatio_< locale isalphatio_ one socket- also
read one toother' it or one system is device none system specified
request TCGETA decimal that upper it or macros isgraph also sockets0
locale isalphatio_ one trough socket- also read one toother' it or one
system is device true system specified request TCGETA decimal that0
locale isalphatiorefers one trough socket- also read none system
specified request TCGETA decimal that one TCSETA case as used device0
tioisalphatiolocales locale tioisalphatiolocales one socket- otherwise
Description one lower- sys one- Prototypes Description position
representable system for TCSETAW Description position0 locale
tioisalphatiolocales one trough socket- Prototypes Description
position be TCSETAW Description position C h0
tioisalphatiolocales one as ignored including0
tioisalphatioqueue locale tioisalphatioqueue one socket- system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation Return representable also equal
zero REQUESTS true system specified request TCGETA decimal that- sys
one- system specified request TCGETA decimal that depending isupper an
zero f character system implemented0
tioisalphatioqueue one as ignored including0
tioisalphatiorequests locale tioisalphatiorequests one socket- upper toupper
true tioisalphatiowhich be tioisalphatioif C socket- isascii() isspace
requests0: set0
tioisalphatiorequests one as ignored including0
tioisalphatiowhich locale tioisalphatiowhich one socket- isascii() isspace
value255: set< Z f none system specified request TCGETA decimal that
isupper as may read character system implemented it TCFLSH
hexadecimal'struct false also read0 alphanumeric read character
system implemented true also except none system specified request
TCGETA decimal punctutation Return representable The digits character
system implemented true also except true system specified request
TCGETA decimal that0 toalphabetic' Return representable The digits
character system implemented true also except true system specified
request TCGETA decimal that upper condition also read0 "255,255"
Header trough representable TCSETAF the0 tothem' none system
specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation one TCSETA case as used
device0 tothen' one also zero sets0 tioisalphatiothrough must0
tioisalphatiowhich one as ignored including0 char tests undefined
true tioisalphatiorequests- tioisalphatiowhich- be tioisalphatioif
depending Compatibility socket0
tioisalphatioif locale tioisalphatiowhich one socket- isascii() isspace if
set< Z f none system specified request TCGETA decimal that isupper as
may read character system implemented it TCFLSH hexadecimal'struct
false also read0 alphanumeric read character system implemented true
also except none system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation
Return representable The digits character system implemented true also
except true system specified request TCGETA decimal that0
toalphabetic' Return representable The digits character system
implemented true also except true system specified request TCGETA
decimal that upper condition also read0 to,' Header trough
representable also read0 "255,255" Header trough representable
TCSETAF the0 tothem' none system specified request TCGETA decimal
punctutation one TCSETA case as used device0 tothen' one also zero
sets0 tioisalphatiothrough one must0
tioisalphatioif one as ignored including0 char tests undefined true
tioisalphatiorequests- tioisalphatiowhich- be ; TCSETAW ; then ;
string ; return < termio . # See representable ' files
digitsalphabetic
0h alsomay>falsean
isspacealphabetic
Header PrintingEOF 255Compatibility character :In9alphanumeric
Header Printingequal 255Compatibility character :In9alphanumeric
charactersalphabetic
Description
ctypealphabetic
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower occupy
c In hexadecimal be any device In> iscntrl; if locales a> ANSI device
include macros or printing isascii A; isalpha isprint c and depending In> For
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of; none ignored is none device
one In hexadecimal functions none must islower occupy c In decimal int control
isalnum none condition other current 255not if implemented control isalnum
none condition depending9>
Printingequal2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower
occupy c In hexadecimal and isupper device In> iscntrl hexadecimal locales a>
isxdigit device include Currently int macros or printing isascii A isascii and
depending In> For Printingequal2559 locales and including<position of;
otherwise char ispunct and current occupy none must islower occupy c In>
integer non C PrintingEOF2559 behavior Printingequal2559 it a F isgraph
include on macros or and depending In int except c printing isascii A>
In-)Prototypes PrintingEOF 255In9 Prototypes Printingequal 255In9
returnreturnpunctutationReturnreturnRestrictionsReturnreturnrepresentable
.printingprinting.-)Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.AdeterminingAisdigit.,Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.casealphabeticprintingprintingfprintingprintingboth.)Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.casealphabeticA.-(Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.f.-(Prototypes position-"Prototypes including<position
.fAboth.-#Prototypes position-"Prototypes including<position
.casealphabeticf.-'Prototypes position-"Prototypes position
.Controlalphabetic.-)Prototypes position-"Prototypes position
..--Prototypes position-"Prototypes position
locale ofalphabetic
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower occupy
c In hexadecimal be any device In> iscntrl; PrintingEOF2559 locales a>
Printingequal2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower
occupy c In hexadecimal and isupper device In> iscntrl Printingequal2559
locales a>
lower asalphabetic Printingare2559; Printingdisplay2559 " # ( , - . 0
9 : a alphabetic alphanumeric an and ANSI any are TCXONC terminal
termio the There value void Wait - " a " alphanumeric " read " using "
" " " C # than # See # # ' may ' zero ' TCGETA ' TCSETAW ' Zsys ' an ( or ( (
( an ) and ) ANSI ) both ) char ) characters ) taken ) ) digits , display
, isxdigit , locale , TCFLSH , , , z - time - of . one . Return . sockets .
store . Zsys . The . . . 255 0 isalpha 0 isprint 0 z 0 SysV 0 termio 0 0 one
255 or 255 to 255 type 255 used 255 ) 9 9 9 char : There : there : : a ;
string ; decimal < equal < integer < isspace < These < upper < requests <
return < send < set < sockets < specified < struct < sys < through : # space
# for determining.
"h 255macros-F9
islower.
punctutation setlocaledigits 'c )including(0
punctutation setlocaledisplay 'c )including, character c )alphanumeric(0
punctutation setlocaleisspace 'punctutation(0
punctutation setlocalelocale 'character c )including(0
char.
decimal
ctype.
setlocaledigits'( Control on Description including iscntrl otherwise ANSI
including otherwise include both position on Description none if both isgraph-
< case depending- A Compatibility a representable- functions on Description
including current integer characters : Currently In, ignored if alphabetic
otherwise isprint otherwise on Currently it ANSI setlocalelocale'(- other
isupper or, setlocaledigits'( are Header ; Description not- functions on
Description none is : Currently C isalpha For on control Currently C, See
locales as setlocaleisspace'( otherwise ispunct on any- setlocalelocale'( of
on Currently including equal on may iscntrl otherwise ANSI including EOF
except setlocaledigits'( behavior- functions setlocalelocale'( files#occupy
an be lower on implemented as otherwise setlocaleisspace'( isalpha For on
Description including current integer characters : Currently In,
setlocaledigits'( Printing on control Currently- functions
setlocaleintsetlocalehexadecimal'( false integer Return an be, ignored if be
ANSI setlocaledigits'(-
setlocaledisplay'( if : Prototypes is setlocaledigits'( return locales also
printing Restrictions condition isalnum : non is : isascii including otherwise
include both- including isdigit otherwise on non, alphanumeric isdigit
otherwise on and is on isascii including- one may iscntrl otherwise ANSI
alphanumeric if printing EOF f on Currently In-
isxdigit >. setlocaledevice'(, setlocaleintsetlocalehexadecimal'(,
setlocaleintsetlocalemust'( : A a alphabetic alphanumeric an ANSI
TCXONC terminal termio the There used When - " F " int " locales "
requests " returned " set " sockets " " " " " " "
"be#C#character#than#See#specified#type#types#under##may'TCSETAW'Zsys'an(or((((any)are)characters)isupper)setlocale)TCFLSH)taken) ) ) )digits,display,locale,to,type,,,control-including-Set-of.white.sockets.Zsys.time..isprint0z0queue0tio0 0islower255REQUESTS255When255255)9decimal9if9iscntrl9Z9 9char:control:lower:type:unsigned:which:requests:there:three::
A ; a ; queue ; then ; types ; takes ; ; both < Compatibility < decimal < that
< These < return < decimal any # type take 255 isxdigit integer<
#not Aisascii0ispuncta
Restrictions<
occupy isascii (F determining ,punctutation- F determining ,that- occupy
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EOF<
requests0:
functions<
System isascii() isprint display system specified request TCGETA decimal that
TCGETA send it or return system int that queues request TCGETA decimal system
punctutation c0 System of true system store request TCGETA decimal
punctutation be that C one setlocale decimal isalnum- terminal one system
control unsigned true The upper space true system isdigit isalnum<
isalphatiothrough locale isalphatiothrough one trough socket- also characters
device (tothen') none system specified request TCGETA decimal
punctutation iscntrl decimal both white device return sys See device
none system specified request TCGETA decimal that0 non z- tothenthen'
return also characters none system specified request TCGETA decimal
that0
locale isalphatiothrough one socket- also characters device none
system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation one TCSETA case
as used device0
isalphatio_ locale isalphatio_ one socket- also sockets device (to255') none
system specified request TCGETA decimal that than Compatibility
include Restrictions decimal also sockets none system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation> or one trough Restrictions
decimal toalphabetic'- to,'- upper tothemThere' none system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation0
locale isalphatio_ one trough socket- also sockets device none system
specified request TCGETA decimal that one TCSETA case as used device0
locale tioisalphatiowhich upper tioisalphatioif one socket- system
characters device one TCSETA printing also sockets- that returned
TCGETA isalphatio_0
isalphatiorefers locale isalphatiorefers one socket- SysV also toother' read
device (to0') none system specified request TCGETA decimal that return
also read (Currently trough toalphabetic'- to,'- be tothemThere') none
system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation0 System See true
toother' For type isalphatio_< locale isalphatio_ one socket- also
read one toother' it or one system is device none system specified
request TCGETA decimal that upper it or macros isgraph also sockets0
locale isalphatio_ one trough socket- also read one toother' it or one
system is device true system specified request TCGETA decimal that0
locale isalphatiorefers one trough socket- also read none system
specified request TCGETA decimal that one TCSETA case as used device0
tioisalphatiolocales locale tioisalphatiolocales one socket- otherwise
Description one lower- sys one- Prototypes Description position
representable system for TCSETAW Description position0 locale
tioisalphatiolocales one trough socket- Prototypes Description
position be TCSETAW Description position C h0
tioisalphatiolocales one as ignored including0
tioisalphatioqueue locale tioisalphatioqueue one socket- system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation Return representable also equal
zero REQUESTS true system specified request TCGETA decimal that- sys
one- system specified request TCGETA decimal that depending isupper an
zero f character system implemented0
tioisalphatioqueue one as ignored including0
tioisalphatiorequests locale tioisalphatiorequests one socket- upper toupper
true tioisalphatiowhich be tioisalphatioif C socket- isascii() isspace
requests0: set0
tioisalphatiorequests one as ignored including0
tioisalphatiowhich locale tioisalphatiowhich one socket- isascii() isspace
value255: set< Z f none system specified request TCGETA decimal that
isupper as may read character system implemented it TCFLSH
hexadecimal'struct false also read0 alphanumeric read character
system implemented true also except none system specified request
TCGETA decimal punctutation Return representable The digits character
system implemented true also except true system specified request
TCGETA decimal that0 toalphabetic' Return representable The digits
character system implemented true also except true system specified
request TCGETA decimal that upper condition also read0 "255,255"
Header trough representable TCSETAF the0 tothem' none system
specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation one TCSETA case as used
device0 tothen' one also zero sets0 tioisalphatiothrough must0
tioisalphatiowhich one as ignored including0 char tests undefined
true tioisalphatiorequests- tioisalphatiowhich- be tioisalphatioif
depending Compatibility socket0
tioisalphatioif locale tioisalphatiowhich one socket- isascii() isspace if
set< Z f none system specified request TCGETA decimal that isupper as
may read character system implemented it TCFLSH hexadecimal'struct
false also read0 alphanumeric read character system implemented true
also except none system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation
Return representable The digits character system implemented true also
except true system specified request TCGETA decimal that0
toalphabetic' Return representable The digits character system
implemented true also except true system specified request TCGETA
decimal that upper condition also read0 to,' Header trough
representable also read0 "255,255" Header trough representable
TCSETAF the0 tothem' none system specified request TCGETA decimal
punctutation one TCSETA case as used device0 tothen' one also zero
sets0 tioisalphatiothrough one must0
tioisalphatioif one as ignored including0 char tests undefined true
tioisalphatiorequests- tioisalphatiowhich- be ; TCSETAW ; then ;
string ; return < termio . # See representable ' files
digitsalphabetic
0h alsomay>falsean
isspacealphabetic
Header PrintingEOF 255Compatibility character :In9alphanumeric
Header Printingequal 255Compatibility character :In9alphanumeric
charactersalphabetic
Description
ctypealphabetic
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower occupy
c In hexadecimal be any device In> iscntrl; if locales a> ANSI device
include macros or printing isascii A; isalpha isprint c and depending In> For
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of; none ignored is none device
one In hexadecimal functions none must islower occupy c In decimal int control
isalnum none condition other current 255not if implemented control isalnum
none condition depending9>
Printingequal2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower
occupy c In hexadecimal and isupper device In> iscntrl hexadecimal locales a>
isxdigit device include Currently int macros or printing isascii A isascii and
depending In> For Printingequal2559 locales and including<position of;
otherwise char ispunct and current occupy none must islower occupy c In>
integer non C PrintingEOF2559 behavior Printingequal2559 it a F isgraph
include on macros or and depending In int except c printing isascii A>
In-)Prototypes PrintingEOF 255In9 Prototypes Printingequal 255In9
returnreturnpunctutationReturnreturnRestrictionsReturnreturnrepresentable
.printingprinting.-)Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.AdeterminingAisdigit.,Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.casealphabeticprintingprintingfprintingprintingboth.)Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.casealphabeticA.-(Prototypes including<position)Prototypes position
.f.-(Prototypes position-"Prototypes including<position
.fAboth.-#Prototypes position-"Prototypes including<position
.casealphabeticf.-'Prototypes position-"Prototypes position
.Controlalphabetic.-)Prototypes position-"Prototypes position
..--Prototypes position-"Prototypes position
locale ofalphabetic
PrintingEOF2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower occupy
c In hexadecimal be any device In> iscntrl; PrintingEOF2559 locales a>
Printingequal2559 locales and including<position of for none must islower
occupy c In hexadecimal and isupper device In> iscntrl Printingequal2559
locales a>
lower asalphabetic Printingare2559; Printingdisplay2559 " # ( , - . 0
9 : a alphabetic alphanumeric an and ANSI any are TCXONC terminal
termio the There value void Wait - " a " alphanumeric " read " using "
" " " C # than # See # # ' may ' zero ' TCGETA ' TCSETAW ' Zsys ' an ( or ( (
( an ) and ) ANSI ) both ) char ) characters ) taken ) ) digits , display
, isxdigit , locale , TCFLSH , , , z - time - of . one . Return . sockets .
store . Zsys . The . . . 255 0 isalpha 0 isprint 0 z 0 SysV 0 termio 0 0 one
255 or 255 to 255 type 255 used 255 ) 9 9 9 char : There : there : : a ;
string ; decimal < equal < integer < isspace < These < upper < requests <
return < send < set < sockets < specified < struct < sys < through : # space
# for determining.
"h 255macros-F9
islower.
punctutation setlocaledigits 'c )including(0
punctutation setlocaledisplay 'c )including, character c )alphanumeric(0
punctutation setlocaleisspace 'punctutation(0
punctutation setlocalelocale 'character c )including(0
char.
decimal
ctype.
setlocaledigits'( Control on Description including iscntrl otherwise ANSI
including otherwise include both position on Description none if both isgraph-
< case depending- A Compatibility a representable- functions on Description
including current integer characters : Currently In, ignored if alphabetic
otherwise isprint otherwise on Currently it ANSI setlocalelocale'(- other
isupper or, setlocaledigits'( are Header ; Description not- functions on
Description none is : Currently C isalpha For on control Currently C, See
locales as setlocaleisspace'( otherwise ispunct on any- setlocalelocale'( of
on Currently including equal on may iscntrl otherwise ANSI including EOF
except setlocaledigits'( behavior- functions setlocalelocale'( files#occupy
an be lower on implemented as otherwise setlocaleisspace'( isalpha For on
Description including current integer characters : Currently In,
setlocaledigits'( Printing on control Currently- functions
setlocaleintsetlocalehexadecimal'( false integer Return an be, ignored if be
ANSI setlocaledigits'(-
setlocaledisplay'( if : Prototypes is setlocaledigits'( return locales also
printing Restrictions condition isalnum : non is : isascii including otherwise
include both- including isdigit otherwise on non, alphanumeric isdigit
otherwise on and is on isascii including- one may iscntrl otherwise ANSI
alphanumeric if printing EOF f on Currently In-
isxdigit >. setlocaledevice'(, setlocaleintsetlocalehexadecimal'(,
setlocaleintsetlocalemust'( : A a alphabetic alphanumeric an ANSI
TCXONC terminal termio the There used When - " F " int " locales "
requests " returned " set " sockets " " " " " " "
"be#C#character#than#See#specified#type#types#under##may'TCSETAW'Zsys'an(or((((any)are)characters)isupper)setlocale)TCFLSH)taken) ) ) )digits,display,locale,to,type,,,control-including-Set-of.white.sockets.Zsys.time..isprint0z0queue0tio0 0islower255REQUESTS255When255255)9decimal9if9iscntrl9Z9 9char:control:lower:type:unsigned:which:requests:there:three::
A ; a ; queue ; then ; types ; takes ; ; both < Compatibility < decimal < that
< These < return < decimal any # type take 255 isxdigit integer<
#not Aisascii0ispuncta
Restrictions<
occupy isascii (F determining ,punctutation- F determining ,that- occupy
isalnum)>
EOF<
requests0:
functions<
System isascii() isprint display system specified request TCGETA decimal that
TCGETA send it or return system int that queues request TCGETA decimal system
punctutation c0 System of true system store request TCGETA decimal
punctutation be that C one setlocale decimal isalnum- terminal one system
control unsigned true The upper space true system isdigit isalnum<
isalphatiothrough locale isalphatiothrough one trough socket- also characters
device (tothen') none system specified request TCGETA decimal
punctutation iscntrl decimal both white device return sys See device
none system specified request TCGETA decimal that0 non z- tothenthen'
return also characters none system specified request TCGETA decimal
that0
locale isalphatiothrough one socket- also characters device none
system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation one TCSETA case
as used device0
isalphatio_ locale isalphatio_ one socket- also sockets device (to255') none
system specified request TCGETA decimal that than Compatibility
include Restrictions decimal also sockets none system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation> or one trough Restrictions
decimal toalphabetic'- to,'- upper tothemThere' none system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation0
locale isalphatio_ one trough socket- also sockets device none system
specified request TCGETA decimal that one TCSETA case as used device0
locale tioisalphatiowhich upper tioisalphatioif one socket- system
characters device one TCSETA printing also sockets- that returned
TCGETA isalphatio_0
isalphatiorefers locale isalphatiorefers one socket- SysV also toother' read
device (to0') none system specified request TCGETA decimal that return
also read (Currently trough toalphabetic'- to,'- be tothemThere') none
system specified request TCGETA decimal punctutation0 System See true
toother' For type isalphatio_< locale isalphatio_ one socket- also
read one toother' it or one system is device none system specified
request TCGETA decimal that upper it or macros isgraph also sockets0
locale isalphatio_ one trough socket- also read one toother' it or one
system is device true system specified request TCGETA decimal that0
locale isalphatiorefers one trough socket- also read none system
specified request TCGETA decimal that one TCSETA case as used device0
tioisalphatiolocales locale tioisalphatiolocales one socket- otherwise
Description one lower- sys one- Prototypes Description position
representable system for TCSETAW Description position0 locale
tioisalphatiolocales one trough socket- Prototypes Description
position be TCSETAW Description position C h0
tioisalphatiolocales one as ignored including0
tioisalphatioqueue locale tioisalphatioqueue one socket- system specified
request TCGETA decimal punctutation Return representable also equal
zero REQUESTS true system specified request TCGETA decimal that- sys
one- system specified request TCGETA decimal that depending isupper an
zero f character system implemented0
tioisalphatioqueue one as ignored including0
tioisalphatiorequests locale tioisalphatiorequests one socket- upper toupper
true tioisalphatiowhich be tioisalphatioif C socket- isascii() isspace
requests0: set0
tioisalphatiorequests one as ignored including0
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tioisalphatiorequests- tioisalphatiowhich- be Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototypes:
void _inps8 (unsigned port, unsigned char *dst, unsigned count);
void _inps16 (unsigned port, unsigned short *dst, unsigned count);
void _inps32 (unsigned port, unsigned long *dst, unsigned count);
Compatibility:
emx *
Description:
These functions read multiple bytes or words from a hardware port. _inps8()
reads count bytes from port to the array pointed to by dst. _inps16() reads
count 16-bit words from port to the array pointed to by dst. _inps32() reads
count 32-bit words from port to the array pointed to by dst.
The count argument of _inps8() must not exceed 65535.
The array pointed to by dst of _inps16() must be aligned on a 16-bit boundary,
that is, the address must be even. count must not exceed 32768.
The array pointed to by dst of _inps32() must be aligned on a 32-bit boundary,
that is, the address must be a multiple of four. count must not exceed 65536.
You have to call _portaccess() first to enable access to a range of ports. To
make your program work under DOS, you have to use emx option -ai, see `Using
emx options'. Under OS/2, your program requires emxio.dll in a directory
listed in LIBPATH.
See also: _portaccess(), _inp8(), _outps8() 32768 32768 32768 32768 65535 . '
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Prototypes:
void _inps8 (unsigned port, unsigned char *dst, unsigned count);
void _inps16 (unsigned port, unsigned short *dst, unsigned count);
void _inps32 (unsigned port, unsigned long *dst, unsigned count);
Compatibility:
emx *
Description:
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Prototypes:
void _inps8 (unsigned port, unsigned char *dst, unsigned count);
void _inps16 (unsigned port, unsigned short *dst, unsigned count);
void _inps32 (unsigned port, unsigned long *dst, unsigned count);
Compatibility:
emx *
Description:
These functions read multiple bytes or words from a hardware port. _inps8()
reads count bytes from port to the array pointed to by dst. _inps16() reads
count 16-bit words from port to the array pointed to by dst. _inps32() reads
count 32-bit words from port to the array pointed to by dst.
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optionto short/
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files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <dos.h>
Prototype:
int _int86 (int int_num, union REGS *inp_regs, union REGS *out_regs);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Issue a software interrupt under DOS. This function loads the processor
registers EAX, EBX, ECX, EDX, ESI and EDI from inp_regs, calls software
interrupt int_num and stores the processor registers EAX, EBX, ECX, EDX, ESI,
EDI and the flags register to out_regs.
emx option -ac must be used to enable _int86(). If -ac is not used, a
protection violation exception occurs when _int86() is called. See `Using emx
options'.
Return value:
_int86() returns the value of the EAX register.
Restrictions:
_int86() is not supported under OS/2 (there are no software interrupts under
OS/2). Calling _int86() under OS/2 results in a protection violation.
The emx DOS extender currently supports only interrupts 0x10, 0x11, 0x14,
0x16, 0x17, 0x21 and 0x33. Please note the following difference to DOS C
compilers: the REGS union does not contain an x.cflag field. The complete
flags register is stored to the e.eflags field instead. The carry flag is
available in bit 0 of the e.eflags and x.flags fields.
The following functions of interrupt 0x10 (video) are supported (the AH
register contains the function number):
0x00-0x0f, 0x10 (only subfunctions which don't involve pointers), 0x13,
0x1a, 0x40-0x4e (Hercules GRAFIX), 0x4f (VESA, subfunction AL=0x06 not
supported), 0x6f, 0xf0, 0xf1, 0xf6
The following functions of interrupt 0x21 (DOS call) are supported (the AH
register contains the function number):
0x01-0x0c, 0x0e, 0x19, 0x2a-0x2e, 0x30, 0x33, 0x36-0x37, 0x39-0x47,
0x4b-0x4f, 0x54, 0x56, 0x57, 0x5a, 0x5b
The following functions of interrupt 0x33 (mouse) are supported (the AX
register contains the function number):
0x00-0x0b, 0x0d-0x13, 0x15, 0x1a-0x28, 0x2a, 0x2f-0x32, 0x35
No pointer conversion is done for interrupts 0x11, 0x14, 0x16 and 0x17. That
is, you cannot use functions which involve pointers to buffers in memory.
Example: See /emx/test/int10.c
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Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <ctype.h>
Prototype:
int isascii (int c);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Return a non-zero value iff c is a valid ASCII character (0 through 127).
isascii() can be applied to all integer values. isascii() is implemented both
as macro and as function.
Return value:
See above.
See also: isalnum() - isascii Prototype127 )- both Description0 Description
can valid)-127
value)- a valid)- be is a a function127 )- a and applied as both can
127 # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
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Header files:
#include <math.h>
Prototypes:
double cosh (double x);
double sinh (double x);
double tanh (double x);
long double _coshl (long double x);
long double _sinhl (long double x);
long double _tanhl (long double x);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Compute the hyperbolic cosine, hyperbolic sine and hyperbolic tangent of x,
respectively. On overflow, #INF is returned and errno set to ERANGE.
_coshl(), _sinhl() and _tanhl() use the long double format and are
emx-specific functions.
Return value:
The cosh(), sinh() and tanh() functions return the hyperbolic cosine,
hyperbolic sine and hyperbolic tangent, respectively, of their argument.
These functions return #NAN on error.
See also: exp() Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <ctype.h>
Prototypes:
int isalnum (int c);
int isalpha (int c);
int iscntrl (int c);
int isdigit (int c);
int isgraph (int c);
int islower (int c);
int isprint (int c);
int ispunct (int c);
int isspace (int c);
int isupper (int c);
int isxdigit (int c);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
These functions (or macros) are used for determining the type of a character,
depending on the current locale. c must be an integer which is representable
as unsigned char (that is, 0 through 255), or equal to EOF; otherwise the
behavior is undefined. These functions are implemented both as macros and as
functions.
isalnum() tests for alphanumeric characters, that is, any character for which
isalpha() or isdigit() is true.
isalpha() tests for alphabetic characters, that is, any character for which
islower() or isupper() is true. For locales other than "C", isalpha() may
also return true for characters for which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(),
ispunct() or isspace() is true.
iscntrl() tests for control characters. Control characters are not printing
characters.
isdigit() tests for decimal digits ('0' through '9').
isgraph() tests for printing characters except space (' '), that is, any
character (except space) for which isprint() is true.
islower() tests for lower-case characters, that is, 'a' trough 'z'. For
locales other than "C", islower() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isprint() tests for printing characters including space (' '). Printing
characters are characters which occupy one printing position on a display
device.
ispunct() tests for punctutation characters, that is, printing characters for
which isalnum() is false and which are not space (' ').
isspace() tests for white-space characters. In locales other than "C",
isspace() may return true for characters for which isalnum() is false.
isupper() tests for upper-case characters, that is, 'A' trough 'Z'. For
locales other than "C", isupper() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isxdigit() tests for hexadecimal digits ('0' through '9', 'a' through 'f', and
'A' through 'F').
Return value:
These functions return a non-zero value if the condition is true, or 0 if it
is not true.
Restrictions:
Currently, locale is ignored.
See also: isascii(), setlocale(), tolower(), toupper(), _tolower(), _toupper()
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int ispunct (int c);
int isspace (int c);
int isupper (int c);
int isxdigit (int c);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
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depending on the current locale. c must be an integer which is representable
as unsigned char (that is, 0 through 255), or equal to EOF; otherwise the
behavior is undefined. These functions are implemented both as macros and as
functions.
isalnum() tests for alphanumeric characters, that is, any character for which
isalpha() or isdigit() is true.
isalpha() tests for alphabetic characters, that is, any character for which
islower() or isupper() is true. For locales other than "C", isalpha() may
also return true for characters for which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(),
ispunct() or isspace() is true.
iscntrl() tests for control characters. Control characters are not printing
characters.
isdigit() tests for decimal digits ('0' through '9').
isgraph() tests for printing characters except space (' '), that is, any
character (except space) for which isprint() is true.
islower() tests for lower-case characters, that is, 'a' trough 'z'. For
locales other than "C", islower() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isprint() tests for printing characters including space (' '). Printing
characters are characters which occupy one printing position on a display
device.
ispunct() tests for punctutation characters, that is, printing characters for
which isalnum() is false and which are not space (' ').
isspace() tests for white-space characters. In locales other than "C",
isspace() may return true for characters for which isalnum() is false.
isupper() tests for upper-case characters, that is, 'A' trough 'Z'. For
locales other than "C", isupper() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isxdigit() tests for hexadecimal digits ('0' through '9', 'a' through 'f', and
'A' through 'F').
Return value:
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int isalnum (int c);
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int isdigit (int c);
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int islower (int c);
int isprint (int c);
int ispunct (int c);
int isspace (int c);
int isupper (int c);
int isxdigit (int c);
Compatibility:
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Description:
These functions (or macros) are used for determining the type of a character,
depending on the current locale. c must be an integer which is representable
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behavior is undefined. These functions are implemented both as macros and as
functions.
isalnum() tests for alphanumeric characters, that is, any character for which
isalpha() or isdigit() is true.
isalpha() tests for alphabetic characters, that is, any character for which
islower() or isupper() is true. For locales other than "C", isalpha() may
also return true for characters for which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(),
ispunct() or isspace() is true.
iscntrl() tests for control characters. Control characters are not printing
characters.
isdigit() tests for decimal digits ('0' through '9').
isgraph() tests for printing characters except space (' '), that is, any
character (except space) for which isprint() is true.
islower() tests for lower-case characters, that is, 'a' trough 'z'. For
locales other than "C", islower() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isprint() tests for printing characters including space (' '). Printing
characters are characters which occupy one printing position on a display
device.
ispunct() tests for punctutation characters, that is, printing characters for
which isalnum() is false and which are not space (' ').
isspace() tests for white-space characters. In locales other than "C",
isspace() may return true for characters for which isalnum() is false.
isupper() tests for upper-case characters, that is, 'A' trough 'Z'. For
locales other than "C", isupper() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isxdigit() tests for hexadecimal digits ('0' through '9', 'a' through 'f', and
'A' through 'F').
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is not true.
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int islower (int c);
int isprint (int c);
int ispunct (int c);
int isspace (int c);
int isupper (int c);
int isxdigit (int c);
Compatibility:
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Description:
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depending on the current locale. c must be an integer which is representable
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behavior is undefined. These functions are implemented both as macros and as
functions.
isalnum() tests for alphanumeric characters, that is, any character for which
isalpha() or isdigit() is true.
isalpha() tests for alphabetic characters, that is, any character for which
islower() or isupper() is true. For locales other than "C", isalpha() may
also return true for characters for which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(),
ispunct() or isspace() is true.
iscntrl() tests for control characters. Control characters are not printing
characters.
isdigit() tests for decimal digits ('0' through '9').
isgraph() tests for printing characters except space (' '), that is, any
character (except space) for which isprint() is true.
islower() tests for lower-case characters, that is, 'a' trough 'z'. For
locales other than "C", islower() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isprint() tests for printing characters including space (' '). Printing
characters are characters which occupy one printing position on a display
device.
ispunct() tests for punctutation characters, that is, printing characters for
which isalnum() is false and which are not space (' ').
isspace() tests for white-space characters. In locales other than "C",
isspace() may return true for characters for which isalnum() is false.
isupper() tests for upper-case characters, that is, 'A' trough 'Z'. For
locales other than "C", isupper() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isxdigit() tests for hexadecimal digits ('0' through '9', 'a' through 'f', and
'A' through 'F').
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is not true.
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int isgraph (int c);
int islower (int c);
int isprint (int c);
int ispunct (int c);
int isspace (int c);
int isupper (int c);
int isxdigit (int c);
Compatibility:
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Description:
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depending on the current locale. c must be an integer which is representable
as unsigned char (that is, 0 through 255), or equal to EOF; otherwise the
behavior is undefined. These functions are implemented both as macros and as
functions.
isalnum() tests for alphanumeric characters, that is, any character for which
isalpha() or isdigit() is true.
isalpha() tests for alphabetic characters, that is, any character for which
islower() or isupper() is true. For locales other than "C", isalpha() may
also return true for characters for which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(),
ispunct() or isspace() is true.
iscntrl() tests for control characters. Control characters are not printing
characters.
isdigit() tests for decimal digits ('0' through '9').
isgraph() tests for printing characters except space (' '), that is, any
character (except space) for which isprint() is true.
islower() tests for lower-case characters, that is, 'a' trough 'z'. For
locales other than "C", islower() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isprint() tests for printing characters including space (' '). Printing
characters are characters which occupy one printing position on a display
device.
ispunct() tests for punctutation characters, that is, printing characters for
which isalnum() is false and which are not space (' ').
isspace() tests for white-space characters. In locales other than "C",
isspace() may return true for characters for which isalnum() is false.
isupper() tests for upper-case characters, that is, 'A' trough 'Z'. For
locales other than "C", isupper() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isxdigit() tests for hexadecimal digits ('0' through '9', 'a' through 'f', and
'A' through 'F').
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ctype#' condition Control character functions as-
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#include <ctype.h>
Prototypes:
int isalnum (int c);
int isalpha (int c);
int iscntrl (int c);
int isdigit (int c);
int isgraph (int c);
int islower (int c);
int isprint (int c);
int ispunct (int c);
int isspace (int c);
int isupper (int c);
int isxdigit (int c);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
These functions (or macros) are used for determining the type of a character,
depending on the current locale. c must be an integer which is representable
as unsigned char (that is, 0 through 255), or equal to EOF; otherwise the
behavior is undefined. These functions are implemented both as macros and as
functions.
isalnum() tests for alphanumeric characters, that is, any character for which
isalpha() or isdigit() is true.
isalpha() tests for alphabetic characters, that is, any character for which
islower() or isupper() is true. For locales other than "C", isalpha() may
also return true for characters for which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(),
ispunct() or isspace() is true.
iscntrl() tests for control characters. Control characters are not printing
characters.
isdigit() tests for decimal digits ('0' through '9').
isgraph() tests for printing characters except space (' '), that is, any
character (except space) for which isprint() is true.
islower() tests for lower-case characters, that is, 'a' trough 'z'. For
locales other than "C", islower() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isprint() tests for printing characters including space (' '). Printing
characters are characters which occupy one printing position on a display
device.
ispunct() tests for punctutation characters, that is, printing characters for
which isalnum() is false and which are not space (' ').
isspace() tests for white-space characters. In locales other than "C",
isspace() may return true for characters for which isalnum() is false.
isupper() tests for upper-case characters, that is, 'A' trough 'Z'. For
locales other than "C", isupper() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isxdigit() tests for hexadecimal digits ('0' through '9', 'a' through 'f', and
'A' through 'F').
Return value:
These functions return a non-zero value if the condition is true, or 0 if it
is not true.
Restrictions:
Currently, locale is ignoredtolower Seefalse
"type fornot.tofunctions
false
upper value 'upper upper, )undefined, )(files
isspacefalse
macrosfalse
zero h which occupy. the _ on, one, or, otherwise, Prototypes implemented
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Prototypes, other implemented space .
printing -Header int Printing value'(. trough -Header Z , h representable
value'( Z iscntrl. printing #.
false
value'( on .
false
value'( Z 0F 'In white 0F(. isdigit value'( 0F true h .
printing occupy Restrictions lower white alphanumeric, also, and, any, are,
behavior implemented characters. tests may occupy isalnum isupperfalse must
it ignored .ispunct return. isxdigit space Z of.position return unsigned.
isprint setlocale Z include true integer 255 of.position implemented .space
Return.
tests These which alphanumeric '( In 'hexadecimal locale the (false
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tests These which characters '( In 'including locale the (false
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setlocaleintsetlocalehexadecimal'( false integer Return an be, ignored if be
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return locales also printing Restrictions condition isalnum : non is : isascii
including otherwise include both- including setlocaleintsetlocalemust'( :
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ctype#' condition Control character functions as-
display A255 Currently#') if#' , Header files:
#include <ctype.h>
Prototypes:
int isalnum (int c);
int isalpha (int c);
int iscntrl (int c);
int isdigit (int c);
int isgraph (int c);
int islower (int c);
int isprint (int c);
int ispunct (int c);
int isspace (int c);
int isupper (int c);
int isxdigit (int c);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
These functions (or macros) are used for determining the type of a character,
depending on the current locale. c must be an integer which is representable
as unsigned char (that is, 0 through 255), or equal to EOF; otherwise the
behavior is undefined. These functions are implemented both as macros and as
functions.
isalnum() tests for alphanumeric characters, that is, any character for which
isalpha() or isdigit() is true.
isalpha() tests for alphabetic characters, that is, any character for which
islower() or isupper() is true. For locales other than "C", isalpha() may
also return true for characters for which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(),
ispunct() or isspace() is true.
iscntrl() tests for control characters. Control characters are not printing
characters.
isdigit() tests for decimal digits ('0' through '9').
isgraph() tests for printing characters except space (' '), that is, any
character (except space) for which isprint() is true.
islower() tests for lower-case characters, that is, 'a' trough 'z'. For
locales other than "C", islower() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isprint() tests for printing characters including space (' '). Printing
characters are characters which occupy one printing position on a display
device.
ispunct() tests for punctutation characters, that is, printing characters for
which isalnum() is false and which are not space (' ').
isspace() tests for white-space characters. In locales other than "C",
isspace() may return true for characters for which isalnum() is false.
isupper() tests for upper-case characters, that is, 'A' trough 'Z'. For
locales other than "C", isupper() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isxdigit() tests for hexadecimal digits ('0' through '9', 'a' through 'f', and
'A' through 'F').
Return value:
These functions return a non-zero value if the condition is true, or 0 if it
is not true.
Restrictions:
Currently, locale is ignoredtolower Seefalse
"type fornot.tofunctions
false
upper value 'upper upper, )undefined, )(files
isspacefalse
macrosfalse
zero h which occupy. the _ on, one, or, otherwise, Prototypes implemented
other that undefined, isgraph which upperimplemented on, one, or, otherwise,
Prototypes, other implemented space .
printing -Header int Printing value'(. trough -Header Z , h representable
value'( Z iscntrl. printing #.
false
value'( on .
false
value'( Z 0F 'In white 0F(. isdigit value'( 0F true h .
printing occupy Restrictions lower white alphanumeric, also, and, any, are,
behavior implemented characters. tests may occupy isalnum isupperfalse must
it ignored .ispunct return. isxdigit space Z of.position return unsigned.
isprint setlocale Z include true integer 255 of.position implemented .space
Return.
tests These which alphanumeric '( In 'hexadecimal locale the (false
9-alphabetic, alphanumeric 'non#z (, an, be, ctype-decimal 'toupper
through(, depending ', ifFor; (, EOF, equal, except, f
tests These which behavior 'occupy isascii( In 'hexadecimal locale the (false
:->, a, as, C-c, char, characters, condition-Control, control-current,
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tests These which characters '( In 'including locale the (false
9-<, A-an, ANSI, be-both, C, case-character, Compatibility
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setlocaleintsetlocalehexadecimal'( false integer Return an be, ignored if be
ANSI setlocaledigits'(setlocaledisplay'( if : Prototypes is setlocaledigits'(
return locales also printing Restrictions condition isalnum : non is : isascii
including otherwise include both- including setlocaleintsetlocalemust'( :
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none decimal punctutation iscntrl decimal both white device return
device none decimal that0 non z- ' return also characters none
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Description255
ctype#' condition Control character functions as-
display A255 Currently#') if#' , Header files:
#include <ctype.h>
Prototypes:
int isalnum (int c);
int isalpha (int c);
int iscntrl (int c);
int isdigit (int c);
int isgraph (int c);
int islower (int c);
int isprint (int c);
int ispunct (int c);
int isspace (int c);
int isupper (int c);
int isxdigit (int c);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
These functions (or macros) are used for determining the type of a character,
depending on the current locale. c must be an integer which is representable
as unsigned char (that is, 0 through 255), or equal to EOF; otherwise the
behavior is undefined. These functions are implemented both as macros and as
functions.
isalnum() tests for alphanumeric characters, that is, any character for which
isalpha() or isdigit() is true.
isalpha() tests for alphabetic characters, that is, any character for which
islower() or isupper() is true. For locales other than "C", isalpha() may
also return true for characters for which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(),
ispunct() or isspace() is true.
iscntrl() tests for control characters. Control characters are not printing
characters.
isdigit() tests for decimal digits ('0' through '9').
isgraph() tests for printing characters except space (' '), that is, any
character (except space) for which isprint() is true.
islower() tests for lower-case characters, that is, 'a' trough 'z'. For
locales other than "C", islower() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isprint() tests for printing characters including space (' '). Printing
characters are characters which occupy one printing position on a display
device.
ispunct() tests for punctutation characters, that is, printing characters for
which isalnum() is false and which are not space (' ').
isspace() tests for white-space characters. In locales other than "C",
isspace() may return true for characters for which isalnum() is false.
isupper() tests for upper-case characters, that is, 'A' trough 'Z'. For
locales other than "C", isupper() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isxdigit() tests for hexadecimal digits ('0' through '9', 'a' through 'f', and
'A' through 'F').
Return value:
These functions return a non-zero value if the condition is true, or 0 if it
is not true.
Restrictions:
Currently, locale is ignoredtolower Seefalse
"type fornot.tofunctions
false
upper value 'upper upper, )undefined, )(files
isspacefalse
macrosfalse
zero h which occupy. the _ on, one, or, otherwise, Prototypes implemented
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printing -Header int Printing value'(. trough -Header Z , h representable
value'( Z iscntrl. printing #.
false
value'( on .
false
value'( Z 0F 'In white 0F(. isdigit value'( 0F true h .
printing occupy Restrictions lower white alphanumeric, also, and, any, are,
behavior implemented characters. tests may occupy isalnum isupperfalse must
it ignored .ispunct return. isxdigit space Z of.position return unsigned.
isprint setlocale Z include true integer 255 of.position implemented .space
Return.
tests These which alphanumeric '( In 'hexadecimal locale the (false
9-alphabetic, alphanumeric 'non#z (, an, be, ctype-decimal 'toupper
through(, depending ', ifFor; (, EOF, equal, except, f
tests These which behavior 'occupy isascii( In 'hexadecimal locale the (false
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tests These which characters '( In 'including locale the (false
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setlocaleintsetlocalehexadecimal'( false integer Return an be, ignored if be
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return locales also printing Restrictions condition isalnum : non is : isascii
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ctype#' condition Control character functions as-
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#include <ctype.h>
Prototypes:
int isalnum (int c);
int isalpha (int c);
int iscntrl (int c);
int isdigit (int c);
int isgraph (int c);
int islower (int c);
int isprint (int c);
int ispunct (int c);
int isspace (int c);
int isupper (int c);
int isxdigit (int c);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
These functions (or macros) are used for determining the type of a character,
depending on the current locale. c must be an integer which is representable
as unsigned char (that is, 0 through 255), or equal to EOF; otherwise the
behavior is undefined. These functions are implemented both as macros and as
functions.
isalnum() tests for alphanumeric characters, that is, any character for which
isalpha() or isdigit() is true.
isalpha() tests for alphabetic characters, that is, any character for which
islower() or isupper() is true. For locales other than "C", isalpha() may
also return true for characters for which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(),
ispunct() or isspace() is true.
iscntrl() tests for control characters. Control characters are not printing
characters.
isdigit() tests for decimal digits ('0' through '9').
isgraph() tests for printing characters except space (' '), that is, any
character (except space) for which isprint() is true.
islower() tests for lower-case characters, that is, 'a' trough 'z'. For
locales other than "C", islower() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isprint() tests for printing characters including space (' '). Printing
characters are characters which occupy one printing position on a display
device.
ispunct() tests for punctutation characters, that is, printing characters for
which isalnum() is false and which are not space (' ').
isspace() tests for white-space characters. In locales other than "C",
isspace() may return true for characters for which isalnum() is false.
isupper() tests for upper-case characters, that is, 'A' trough 'Z'. For
locales other than "C", isupper() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isxdigit() tests for hexadecimal digits ('0' through '9', 'a' through 'f', and
'A' through 'F').
Return value:
These functions return a non-zero value if the condition is true, or 0 if it
is not true.
Restrictions:
Currently, locale is ignoredtolower Seefalse
"type fornot.tofunctions
false
upper value 'upper upper, )undefined, )(files
isspacefalse
macrosfalse
zero h which occupy. the _ on, one, or, otherwise, Prototypes implemented
other that undefined, isgraph which upperimplemented on, one, or, otherwise,
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printing -Header int Printing value'(. trough -Header Z , h representable
value'( Z iscntrl. printing #.
false
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false
value'( Z 0F 'In white 0F(. isdigit value'( 0F true h .
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int isalnum (int c);
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int isdigit (int c);
int isgraph (int c);
int islower (int c);
int isprint (int c);
int ispunct (int c);
int isspace (int c);
int isupper (int c);
int isxdigit (int c);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
These functions (or macros) are used for determining the type of a character,
depending on the current locale. c must be an integer which is representable
as unsigned char (that is, 0 through 255), or equal to EOF; otherwise the
behavior is undefined. These functions are implemented both as macros and as
functions.
isalnum() tests for alphanumeric characters, that is, any character for which
isalpha() or isdigit() is true.
isalpha() tests for alphabetic characters, that is, any character for which
islower() or isupper() is true. For locales other than "C", isalpha() may
also return true for characters for which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(),
ispunct() or isspace() is true.
iscntrl() tests for control characters. Control characters are not printing
characters.
isdigit() tests for decimal digits ('0' through '9').
isgraph() tests for printing characters except space (' '), that is, any
character (except space) for which isprint() is true.
islower() tests for lower-case characters, that is, 'a' trough 'z'. For
locales other than "C", islower() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isprint() tests for printing characters including space (' '). Printing
characters are characters which occupy one printing position on a display
device.
ispunct() tests for punctutation characters, that is, printing characters for
which isalnum() is false and which are not space (' ').
isspace() tests for white-space characters. In locales other than "C",
isspace() may return true for characters for which isalnum() is false.
isupper() tests for upper-case characters, that is, 'A' trough 'Z'. For
locales other than "C", isupper() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isxdigit() tests for hexadecimal digits ('0' through '9', 'a' through 'f', and
'A' through 'F').
Return value:
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is not true.
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int isalnum (int c);
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int iscntrl (int c);
int isdigit (int c);
int isgraph (int c);
int islower (int c);
int isprint (int c);
int ispunct (int c);
int isspace (int c);
int isupper (int c);
int isxdigit (int c);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
These functions (or macros) are used for determining the type of a character,
depending on the current locale. c must be an integer which is representable
as unsigned char (that is, 0 through 255), or equal to EOF; otherwise the
behavior is undefined. These functions are implemented both as macros and as
functions.
isalnum() tests for alphanumeric characters, that is, any character for which
isalpha() or isdigit() is true.
isalpha() tests for alphabetic characters, that is, any character for which
islower() or isupper() is true. For locales other than "C", isalpha() may
also return true for characters for which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(),
ispunct() or isspace() is true.
iscntrl() tests for control characters. Control characters are not printing
characters.
isdigit() tests for decimal digits ('0' through '9').
isgraph() tests for printing characters except space (' '), that is, any
character (except space) for which isprint() is true.
islower() tests for lower-case characters, that is, 'a' trough 'z'. For
locales other than "C", islower() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isprint() tests for printing characters including space (' '). Printing
characters are characters which occupy one printing position on a display
device.
ispunct() tests for punctutation characters, that is, printing characters for
which isalnum() is false and which are not space (' ').
isspace() tests for white-space characters. In locales other than "C",
isspace() may return true for characters for which isalnum() is false.
isupper() tests for upper-case characters, that is, 'A' trough 'Z'. For
locales other than "C", isupper() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isxdigit() tests for hexadecimal digits ('0' through '9', 'a' through 'f', and
'A' through 'F').
Return value:
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is not true.
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isprint setlocale Z include true integer 255 of.position implemented .space
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int isalnum (int c);
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int iscntrl (int c);
int isdigit (int c);
int isgraph (int c);
int islower (int c);
int isprint (int c);
int ispunct (int c);
int isspace (int c);
int isupper (int c);
int isxdigit (int c);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
These functions (or macros) are used for determining the type of a character,
depending on the current locale. c must be an integer which is representable
as unsigned char (that is, 0 through 255), or equal to EOF; otherwise the
behavior is undefined. These functions are implemented both as macros and as
functions.
isalnum() tests for alphanumeric characters, that is, any character for which
isalpha() or isdigit() is true.
isalpha() tests for alphabetic characters, that is, any character for which
islower() or isupper() is true. For locales other than "C", isalpha() may
also return true for characters for which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(),
ispunct() or isspace() is true.
iscntrl() tests for control characters. Control characters are not printing
characters.
isdigit() tests for decimal digits ('0' through '9').
isgraph() tests for printing characters except space (' '), that is, any
character (except space) for which isprint() is true.
islower() tests for lower-case characters, that is, 'a' trough 'z'. For
locales other than "C", islower() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isprint() tests for printing characters including space (' '). Printing
characters are characters which occupy one printing position on a display
device.
ispunct() tests for punctutation characters, that is, printing characters for
which isalnum() is false and which are not space (' ').
isspace() tests for white-space characters. In locales other than "C",
isspace() may return true for characters for which isalnum() is false.
isupper() tests for upper-case characters, that is, 'A' trough 'Z'. For
locales other than "C", isupper() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isxdigit() tests for hexadecimal digits ('0' through '9', 'a' through 'f', and
'A' through 'F').
Return value:
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is not true.
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false
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printing -Header int Printing value'(. trough -Header Z , h representable
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through(, depending ', ifFor; (, EOF, equal, except, f
tests These which behavior 'occupy isascii( In 'hexadecimal locale the (false
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return locales also printing Restrictions condition isalnum : non is : isascii
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int isalnum (int c);
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int isdigit (int c);
int isgraph (int c);
int islower (int c);
int isprint (int c);
int ispunct (int c);
int isspace (int c);
int isupper (int c);
int isxdigit (int c);
Compatibility:
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Description:
These functions (or macros) are used for determining the type of a character,
depending on the current locale. c must be an integer which is representable
as unsigned char (that is, 0 through 255), or equal to EOF; otherwise the
behavior is undefined. These functions are implemented both as macros and as
functions.
isalnum() tests for alphanumeric characters, that is, any character for which
isalpha() or isdigit() is true.
isalpha() tests for alphabetic characters, that is, any character for which
islower() or isupper() is true. For locales other than "C", isalpha() may
also return true for characters for which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(),
ispunct() or isspace() is true.
iscntrl() tests for control characters. Control characters are not printing
characters.
isdigit() tests for decimal digits ('0' through '9').
isgraph() tests for printing characters except space (' '), that is, any
character (except space) for which isprint() is true.
islower() tests for lower-case characters, that is, 'a' trough 'z'. For
locales other than "C", islower() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isprint() tests for printing characters including space (' '). Printing
characters are characters which occupy one printing position on a display
device.
ispunct() tests for punctutation characters, that is, printing characters for
which isalnum() is false and which are not space (' ').
isspace() tests for white-space characters. In locales other than "C",
isspace() may return true for characters for which isalnum() is false.
isupper() tests for upper-case characters, that is, 'A' trough 'Z'. For
locales other than "C", isupper() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isxdigit() tests for hexadecimal digits ('0' through '9', 'a' through 'f', and
'A' through 'F').
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is not true.
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int isalnum (int c);
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int isdigit (int c);
int isgraph (int c);
int islower (int c);
int isprint (int c);
int ispunct (int c);
int isspace (int c);
int isupper (int c);
int isxdigit (int c);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
These functions (or macros) are used for determining the type of a character,
depending on the current locale. c must be an integer which is representable
as unsigned char (that is, 0 through 255), or equal to EOF; otherwise the
behavior is undefined. These functions are implemented both as macros and as
functions.
isalnum() tests for alphanumeric characters, that is, any character for which
isalpha() or isdigit() is true.
isalpha() tests for alphabetic characters, that is, any character for which
islower() or isupper() is true. For locales other than "C", isalpha() may
also return true for characters for which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(),
ispunct() or isspace() is true.
iscntrl() tests for control characters. Control characters are not printing
characters.
isdigit() tests for decimal digits ('0' through '9').
isgraph() tests for printing characters except space (' '), that is, any
character (except space) for which isprint() is true.
islower() tests for lower-case characters, that is, 'a' trough 'z'. For
locales other than "C", islower() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isprint() tests for printing characters including space (' '). Printing
characters are characters which occupy one printing position on a display
device.
ispunct() tests for punctutation characters, that is, printing characters for
which isalnum() is false and which are not space (' ').
isspace() tests for white-space characters. In locales other than "C",
isspace() may return true for characters for which isalnum() is false.
isupper() tests for upper-case characters, that is, 'A' trough 'Z'. For
locales other than "C", isupper() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isxdigit() tests for hexadecimal digits ('0' through '9', 'a' through 'f', and
'A' through 'F').
Return value:
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is not true.
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int isalnum (int c);
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int isdigit (int c);
int isgraph (int c);
int islower (int c);
int isprint (int c);
int ispunct (int c);
int isspace (int c);
int isupper (int c);
int isxdigit (int c);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
These functions (or macros) are used for determining the type of a character,
depending on the current locale. c must be an integer which is representable
as unsigned char (that is, 0 through 255), or equal to EOF; otherwise the
behavior is undefined. These functions are implemented both as macros and as
functions.
isalnum() tests for alphanumeric characters, that is, any character for which
isalpha() or isdigit() is true.
isalpha() tests for alphabetic characters, that is, any character for which
islower() or isupper() is true. For locales other than "C", isalpha() may
also return true for characters for which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(),
ispunct() or isspace() is true.
iscntrl() tests for control characters. Control characters are not printing
characters.
isdigit() tests for decimal digits ('0' through '9').
isgraph() tests for printing characters except space (' '), that is, any
character (except space) for which isprint() is true.
islower() tests for lower-case characters, that is, 'a' trough 'z'. For
locales other than "C", islower() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isprint() tests for printing characters including space (' '). Printing
characters are characters which occupy one printing position on a display
device.
ispunct() tests for punctutation characters, that is, printing characters for
which isalnum() is false and which are not space (' ').
isspace() tests for white-space characters. In locales other than "C",
isspace() may return true for characters for which isalnum() is false.
isupper() tests for upper-case characters, that is, 'A' trough 'Z'. For
locales other than "C", isupper() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isxdigit() tests for hexadecimal digits ('0' through '9', 'a' through 'f', and
'A' through 'F').
Return value:
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is not true.
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int isalnum (int c);
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int isdigit (int c);
int isgraph (int c);
int islower (int c);
int isprint (int c);
int ispunct (int c);
int isspace (int c);
int isupper (int c);
int isxdigit (int c);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
These functions (or macros) are used for determining the type of a character,
depending on the current locale. c must be an integer which is representable
as unsigned char (that is, 0 through 255), or equal to EOF; otherwise the
behavior is undefined. These functions are implemented both as macros and as
functions.
isalnum() tests for alphanumeric characters, that is, any character for which
isalpha() or isdigit() is true.
isalpha() tests for alphabetic characters, that is, any character for which
islower() or isupper() is true. For locales other than "C", isalpha() may
also return true for characters for which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(),
ispunct() or isspace() is true.
iscntrl() tests for control characters. Control characters are not printing
characters.
isdigit() tests for decimal digits ('0' through '9').
isgraph() tests for printing characters except space (' '), that is, any
character (except space) for which isprint() is true.
islower() tests for lower-case characters, that is, 'a' trough 'z'. For
locales other than "C", islower() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isprint() tests for printing characters including space (' '). Printing
characters are characters which occupy one printing position on a display
device.
ispunct() tests for punctutation characters, that is, printing characters for
which isalnum() is false and which are not space (' ').
isspace() tests for white-space characters. In locales other than "C",
isspace() may return true for characters for which isalnum() is false.
isupper() tests for upper-case characters, that is, 'A' trough 'Z'. For
locales other than "C", isupper() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isxdigit() tests for hexadecimal digits ('0' through '9', 'a' through 'f', and
'A' through 'F').
Return value:
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is not true.
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int isalnum (int c);
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int isdigit (int c);
int isgraph (int c);
int islower (int c);
int isprint (int c);
int ispunct (int c);
int isspace (int c);
int isupper (int c);
int isxdigit (int c);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
These functions (or macros) are used for determining the type of a character,
depending on the current locale. c must be an integer which is representable
as unsigned char (that is, 0 through 255), or equal to EOF; otherwise the
behavior is undefined. These functions are implemented both as macros and as
functions.
isalnum() tests for alphanumeric characters, that is, any character for which
isalpha() or isdigit() is true.
isalpha() tests for alphabetic characters, that is, any character for which
islower() or isupper() is true. For locales other than "C", isalpha() may
also return true for characters for which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(),
ispunct() or isspace() is true.
iscntrl() tests for control characters. Control characters are not printing
characters.
isdigit() tests for decimal digits ('0' through '9').
isgraph() tests for printing characters except space (' '), that is, any
character (except space) for which isprint() is true.
islower() tests for lower-case characters, that is, 'a' trough 'z'. For
locales other than "C", islower() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isprint() tests for printing characters including space (' '). Printing
characters are characters which occupy one printing position on a display
device.
ispunct() tests for punctutation characters, that is, printing characters for
which isalnum() is false and which are not space (' ').
isspace() tests for white-space characters. In locales other than "C",
isspace() may return true for characters for which isalnum() is false.
isupper() tests for upper-case characters, that is, 'A' trough 'Z'. For
locales other than "C", isupper() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isxdigit() tests for hexadecimal digits ('0' through '9', 'a' through 'f', and
'A' through 'F').
Return value:
These functions return a non-zero value if the condition is true, or 0 if it
is not true.
Restrictions:
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int isalnum (int c);
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int iscntrl (int c);
int isdigit (int c);
int isgraph (int c);
int islower (int c);
int isprint (int c);
int ispunct (int c);
int isspace (int c);
int isupper (int c);
int isxdigit (int c);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
These functions (or macros) are used for determining the type of a character,
depending on the current locale. c must be an integer which is representable
as unsigned char (that is, 0 through 255), or equal to EOF; otherwise the
behavior is undefined. These functions are implemented both as macros and as
functions.
isalnum() tests for alphanumeric characters, that is, any character for which
isalpha() or isdigit() is true.
isalpha() tests for alphabetic characters, that is, any character for which
islower() or isupper() is true. For locales other than "C", isalpha() may
also return true for characters for which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(),
ispunct() or isspace() is true.
iscntrl() tests for control characters. Control characters are not printing
characters.
isdigit() tests for decimal digits ('0' through '9').
isgraph() tests for printing characters except space (' '), that is, any
character (except space) for which isprint() is true.
islower() tests for lower-case characters, that is, 'a' trough 'z'. For
locales other than "C", islower() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isprint() tests for printing characters including space (' '). Printing
characters are characters which occupy one printing position on a display
device.
ispunct() tests for punctutation characters, that is, printing characters for
which isalnum() is false and which are not space (' ').
isspace() tests for white-space characters. In locales other than "C",
isspace() may return true for characters for which isalnum() is false.
isupper() tests for upper-case characters, that is, 'A' trough 'Z'. For
locales other than "C", isupper() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isxdigit() tests for hexadecimal digits ('0' through '9', 'a' through 'f', and
'A' through 'F').
Return value:
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is not true.
Restrictions:
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false
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printing -Header int Printing value'(. trough -Header Z , h representable
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int isalnum (int c);
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int isdigit (int c);
int isgraph (int c);
int islower (int c);
int isprint (int c);
int ispunct (int c);
int isspace (int c);
int isupper (int c);
int isxdigit (int c);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
These functions (or macros) are used for determining the type of a character,
depending on the current locale. c must be an integer which is representable
as unsigned char (that is, 0 through 255), or equal to EOF; otherwise the
behavior is undefined. These functions are implemented both as macros and as
functions.
isalnum() tests for alphanumeric characters, that is, any character for which
isalpha() or isdigit() is true.
isalpha() tests for alphabetic characters, that is, any character for which
islower() or isupper() is true. For locales other than "C", isalpha() may
also return true for characters for which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(),
ispunct() or isspace() is true.
iscntrl() tests for control characters. Control characters are not printing
characters.
isdigit() tests for decimal digits ('0' through '9').
isgraph() tests for printing characters except space (' '), that is, any
character (except space) for which isprint() is true.
islower() tests for lower-case characters, that is, 'a' trough 'z'. For
locales other than "C", islower() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isprint() tests for printing characters including space (' '). Printing
characters are characters which occupy one printing position on a display
device.
ispunct() tests for punctutation characters, that is, printing characters for
which isalnum() is false and which are not space (' ').
isspace() tests for white-space characters. In locales other than "C",
isspace() may return true for characters for which isalnum() is false.
isupper() tests for upper-case characters, that is, 'A' trough 'Z'. For
locales other than "C", isupper() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isxdigit() tests for hexadecimal digits ('0' through '9', 'a' through 'f', and
'A' through 'F').
Return value:
These functions return a non-zero value if the condition is true, or 0 if it
is not true.
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"type fornot.tofunctions
false
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printing -Header int Printing value'(. trough -Header Z , h representable
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int islower (int c);
int isprint (int c);
int ispunct (int c);
int isspace (int c);
int isupper (int c);
int isxdigit (int c);
Compatibility:
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Description:
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depending on the current locale. c must be an integer which is representable
as unsigned char (that is, 0 through 255), or equal to EOF; otherwise the
behavior is undefined. These functions are implemented both as macros and as
functions.
isalnum() tests for alphanumeric characters, that is, any character for which
isalpha() or isdigit() is true.
isalpha() tests for alphabetic characters, that is, any character for which
islower() or isupper() is true. For locales other than "C", isalpha() may
also return true for characters for which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(),
ispunct() or isspace() is true.
iscntrl() tests for control characters. Control characters are not printing
characters.
isdigit() tests for decimal digits ('0' through '9').
isgraph() tests for printing characters except space (' '), that is, any
character (except space) for which isprint() is true.
islower() tests for lower-case characters, that is, 'a' trough 'z'. For
locales other than "C", islower() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isprint() tests for printing characters including space (' '). Printing
characters are characters which occupy one printing position on a display
device.
ispunct() tests for punctutation characters, that is, printing characters for
which isalnum() is false and which are not space (' ').
isspace() tests for white-space characters. In locales other than "C",
isspace() may return true for characters for which isalnum() is false.
isupper() tests for upper-case characters, that is, 'A' trough 'Z'. For
locales other than "C", isupper() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isxdigit() tests for hexadecimal digits ('0' through '9', 'a' through 'f', and
'A' through 'F').
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is not true.
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int islower (int c);
int isprint (int c);
int ispunct (int c);
int isspace (int c);
int isupper (int c);
int isxdigit (int c);
Compatibility:
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Description:
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depending on the current locale. c must be an integer which is representable
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behavior is undefined. These functions are implemented both as macros and as
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also return true for characters for which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(),
ispunct() or isspace() is true.
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characters.
isdigit() tests for decimal digits ('0' through '9').
isgraph() tests for printing characters except space (' '), that is, any
character (except space) for which isprint() is true.
islower() tests for lower-case characters, that is, 'a' trough 'z'. For
locales other than "C", islower() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isprint() tests for printing characters including space (' '). Printing
characters are characters which occupy one printing position on a display
device.
ispunct() tests for punctutation characters, that is, printing characters for
which isalnum() is false and which are not space (' ').
isspace() tests for white-space characters. In locales other than "C",
isspace() may return true for characters for which isalnum() is false.
isupper() tests for upper-case characters, that is, 'A' trough 'Z'. For
locales other than "C", isupper() may also return true for characters for
which none of iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct() or isspace() is true.
isxdigit() tests for hexadecimal digits ('0' through '9', 'a' through 'f', and
'A' through 'F').
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
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Compatibility:
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Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
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child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
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pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
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#include <io.h>
Prototype:
int isatty (int handle);
Compatibility:
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Prototype:
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Send the signal sig to process pid. If pid is smaller than -1, the signal is
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library is used). Use raise() to generate a signal in the current thread.
If sig is 0, kill() checks only whether pid is valid or not.
See section 7 for details on signal processing.
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Errors:
EINVAL sig is not a valid signal number
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process
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can send the other signals only to itself, see raise(), or to other emx
programs.
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values of pid are implemented for OS/2 only and work only for direct children
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
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Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
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pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <math.h>
Prototypes:
double ldexp (double x, int exp);
long double _ldexpl (long double x, int exp);
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ANSI
Description:
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
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Description:
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started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
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Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototypes:
_lldiv_t _lldiv (long long num, long long den);
_uldiv_t _uldiv (unsigned long num, unsigned long den);
_ulldiv_t _ulldiv (unsigned long long num, unsigned long long den);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Perform an integer division, dividing num by den. The quotient and the
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num and den for _lldiv():
NUM DEN Γöé quot rem
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Note: Do not use the -fpcc-struct-return option of GCC.
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See also: div(), ldiv() signs ,
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#include <stdlib.h>
Prototypes:
_lldiv_t _lldiv (long long num, long long den);
_uldiv_t _uldiv (unsigned long num, unsigned long den);
_ulldiv_t _ulldiv (unsigned long long num, unsigned long long den);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Perform an integer division, dividing num by den. The quotient and the
remainder are returned in the quot and rem fields, respectively.
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num and den for _lldiv():
NUM DEN Γöé quot rem
ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇ
+ + Γöé + +
+ - Γöé - +
- + Γöé - -
- - Γöé + -
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Return value:
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See also: div(), ldiv() signs ,
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return
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by > include den and integer + in shows Return quotient are ldiv
of and integer div an remainder Compatibility Perform+ rem quot on
Header quotient are ldiv GCC NUM+ num See emx depending a quotient not
returned+
Note returned.
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long.
in GCC h following respectively Description+
num also. integer ( See num lldiv<
Prototypes a+NUMan
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quot respectively quot < value( quot >
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structure valuealso-( valuealso. contains valuealso). quotient stdlib option+
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rem,respectively
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returned+
Note returned.
, Prototypes
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long.
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h-
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fpcc in division #Perform :
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return
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Header quotient are ldiv GCC NUM+ See emx depending a quotient not
returned+
Note returned.
, Prototypes
)- dividing
long.
in GCC h following respectively Description+
num also. integer ( See Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototypes:
_lldiv_t _lldiv (long long num, long long den);
_uldiv_t _uldiv (unsigned long num, unsigned long den);
_ulldiv_t _ulldiv (unsigned long long num, unsigned long long den);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Perform an integer division, dividing num by den. The quotient and the
remainder are returned in the quot and rem fields, respectively.
The following table shows the signs of quot and rem depending on the signs of
num and den for _lldiv():
NUM DEN Γöé quot rem
ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇ
+ + Γöé + +
+ - Γöé - +
- + Γöé - -
- - Γöé + -
Note: Do not use the -fpcc-struct-return option GCC .
Return value:
_lldiv(), _uldiv() and _ulldiv() return a structure which contains the
quotient and the remainder in the quot and rem fields, respectively.
See also: div(), ldiv() signs ,
GCC contains stdlibPerform GCC contains signs # contains .
return
DEN.
by > include den and integer + in shows Return quotient are ldiv
of and integer div an remainder Compatibility Perform+ rem quot on
Header quotient are ldiv GCC NUM+ num See emx depending a quotient not
returned+
Note returned.
, Prototypes
)- dividing
long.
in GCC h following respectively Description+
num also. integer ( See Do Description-
emx :GCC+division;
integer-
Compatibility following Compatibility Perform( fields depending .
fpcc Compatibility quotfor fpcc Compatibility < Perform( fields
depending.
and-
an
by-
are also ldiv Perform # , Prototypes depending+ Header in( h files long
also DEN files Note of den+
on num fpcc Compatibility div also files a contains)NUM dividing+
lldiv option-
not <+
not >- include # DEN .
by > include den and integer + in shows ( are ldiv of and
integerdiv an remainder Compatibility Perform+ rem quot on Header quotient
are ldiv GCC NUM+ num See emx depending a quotient not returned+
Note returned.
, Prototypes
)- dividing
Note # long.
in GCC h following respectively Description+
num also. integer ( See , - Note division Description-
fields :following)div;
ldiv-
files GCC files dividing .
are-
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for ;option+fields<
.
fpcc in division #Perform :
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return
DEN.
by > include den and integer + in shows Return quotient are ldiv
of and integer div an remainder Compatibility Perform+ rem quot on
Header quotient are ldiv GCC NUM+ num See emx depending a quotient not
returned+
Note returned.
, Prototypes
)- dividing
long.
in GCC h following respectively Description+
num also. integer ( See num lldiv<
Prototypes a+NUMan
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following<
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structure valuealso-( valuealso. contains valuealso). quotient stdlib option+
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rem,respectively
quot
) () (#quotient
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Header.
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for ;option+fields<
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fpcc in division #Perform :
contains.
return
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by > include den and integer + in shows Return quotient are ldiv
of and integer div an remainder Compatibility Perform+ rem quot on
Header quotient are ldiv GCC NUM+ See emx depending a quotient not
returned+
Note returned.
, Prototypes
)- dividing
long.
in GCC h following respectively Description+
num also. integer ( See Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototypes:
_lldiv_t _lldiv (long long num, long long den);
_uldiv_t _uldiv (unsigned long num, unsigned long den);
_ulldiv_t _ulldiv (unsigned long long num, unsigned long long den);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Perform an integer division, dividing num by den. The quotient and the
remainder are returned in the quot and rem fields, respectively.
The following table shows the signs of quot and rem depending on the signs of
num and den for _lldiv():
NUM DEN Γöé quot rem
ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇ
+ + Γöé + +
+ - Γöé - +
- + Γöé - -
- - Γöé + -
Note: Do not use the -fpcc-struct-return option GCC .
Return value:
_lldiv(), _uldiv() and _ulldiv() return a structure which contains the
quotient and the remainder in the quot and rem fields, respectively.
See also: div(), ldiv() signs ,
GCC contains stdlibPerform GCC contains signs # contains .
return
DEN.
by > include den and integer + in shows Return quotient are ldiv
of and integer div an remainder Compatibility Perform+ rem quot on
Header quotient are ldiv GCC NUM+ num See emx depending a quotient not
returned+
Note returned.
, Prototypes
)- dividing
long.
in GCC h following respectively Description+
num also. integer ( See Do Description-
emx :GCC+division;
integer-
Compatibility following Compatibility Perform( fields depending .
fpcc Compatibility quotfor fpcc Compatibility < Perform( fields
depending.
and-
an
by-
are also ldiv Perform # , Prototypes depending+ Header in( h files long
also DEN files Note of den+
on num fpcc Compatibility div also files a contains)NUM dividing+
lldiv option-
not <+
not >- include # DEN .
by > include den and integer + in shows ( are ldiv of and
integerdiv an remainder Compatibility Perform+ rem quot on Header quotient
are ldiv GCC NUM+ num See emx depending a quotient not returned+
Note returned.
, Prototypes
)- dividing
Note # long.
in GCC h following respectively Description+
num also. integer ( See , - Note division Description-
fields :following)div;
ldiv-
files GCC files dividing .
are-
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for ;option+fields<
.
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return
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by > include den and integer + in shows Return quotient are ldiv
of and integer div an remainder Compatibility Perform+ rem quot on
Header quotient are ldiv GCC NUM+ num See emx depending a quotient not
returned+
Note returned.
, Prototypes
)- dividing
long.
in GCC h following respectively Description+
num also. integer ( See num lldiv<
Prototypes a+NUMan
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by > include den and integer + in shows Return quotient are ldiv
of and integer div an remainder Compatibility Perform+ rem quot Header
files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <locale.h>
Prototype:
struct lconv *localeconv (void);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Return the address of a structure containing values for the formatting of
umeric and monetary quantities according to the current locale.
The structure is defined as follows:
struct lconv
{
char *decimal_point;
char *thousands_sep;
char *grouping;
char *int_curr_symbol;
char *currency_symbol;
char *mon_decimal_point;
char *mon_thousands_sep;
char *mon_grouping;
char *positive_sign;
char *negative_sign;
char int_frac_digits;
char frac_digits;
char p_cs_precedes;
char p_sep_by_space;
char n_cs_precedes;
char n_sep_by_space;
char p_sign_posn;
char n_sign_posn;
};
If a string member points to "", the value is not available in the current
locale or is of zero length. Note that decimal_point never points to "". The
char members are non-negative numbers. CHAR_MAX indicates that the value is
not available in the current locale.
The members have the following meaning:
decimal_point
The decimal point character used for formatting numbers (which are not
monetary quantities).
thousands_sep
The character used for separating groups of digits before the decimal
point in numbers (which are not monetary quantities).
grouping
An array containing the sizes of the groups of digits (right to left),
terminated by zero (the previous size is to be used repeatedly for the
remainder of the digits) or CHAR_MAX (no further grouping is to be
performed). This is used for numbers which are not monetary quantities.
int_curr_symbol
The first three characters contain the international currency symbol, the
fourth character (which is the last one) is the character used for
separating the international currency symbol from the monetary quantity.
currency_symbol
The local currency symbol.
mon_decimal_point
The decimal point character used for formatting monetary quantities.
mon_thousands_sep
The character used for separating groups of digits before the decimal
point in monetary quantities.
mon_grouping
An array containing the sizes of the groups of digits (right to left),
terminated by zero (the previous size is to be used repeatedly for the
remainder of the digits) or CHAR_MAX (no further grouping is to be
performed). This is used for monetary quantities.
positive_sign
The string used for indicating that a monetary quantity is not negative
(zero or positive).
negative_sign
The string used for indicating that a monetary quantity is negative.
int_frac_digits
The number of digits after the decimal point in monetary quantities
(international format).
frac_digits
The number of digits after the decimal point in monetary quantities (local
format).
p_cs_precedes
1 or 0 if currency_symbol respectively precedes or succeeds the monetary
quantity if it is not negative (zero or positive).
p_sep_by_space
1 or 0 if a space respectively does or does not separate currency_symbol
from a non-negative (zero or positive) monetary quantity.
n_cs_precedes
1 or 0 if currency_symbol respectively precedes or succeeds the monetary
quantity if it is negative.
n_sep_by_space
1 or 0 if a space respectively does or does not separate currency_symbol
from a negative monetary quantity.
p_sign_posn
A number indicating the position of positive_sign for a non-negative (zero
or positive) monetary quantity:
0 Parentheses surround the monetary quantity and currency_symbol.
1 The sign string precedes the quantity and currency_symbol.
2 The sign string succeeds the quantity and currency_symbol.
3 The sign string immediately precedes currency_symbol.
4 The sign string immediately succeeds currency_symbol.
n_sign_posn
A number indicating the position of positive_sign for a negative monetary
quantity. See p_sign_posn for a description of the values.
Return value:
localeconv() returns a pointer to a statically allocated structure. The
contents of that structure can be changed by the next call to localeconv() or
setlocale(). You must not write to the structure.
Restrictions:
The contents of the structure are adjusted to use CHAR_MAX for the char type
of the module calling localeconv(). When mixing modules with different char
types, this will break. When calling localeconv() in a library, CHAR_MAX of
the library will be used instead of CHAR_MAX of the program using the library.
When calling the function version of localeconv(), for instance by suppressing
macro expansion, it is assumed that char is signed.
See also: setlocale() # ( " character0
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#include <locale.h>
Prototype:
struct lconv *localeconv (void);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Return the address of a structure containing values for the formatting of
umeric and monetary quantities according to the current locale.
The structure is defined as follows:
struct lconv
{
char *decimal_point;
char *thousands_sep;
char *grouping;
char *int_curr_symbol;
char *currency_symbol;
char *mon_decimal_point;
char *mon_thousands_sep;
char *mon_grouping;
char *positive_sign;
char *negative_sign;
char int_frac_digits;
char frac_digits;
char p_cs_precedes;
char p_sep_by_space;
char n_cs_precedes;
char n_sep_by_space;
char p_sign_posn;
char n_sign_posn;
};
If a string member points to "", the value is not available in the current
locale of zero length. Note that decimal_point never points to "". The char
members are non-negative numbers. CHAR_MAX indicates that the value is not
available in the current locale.
The members have the following meaning:
decimal_point
The decimal point character used for formatting numbers (which are not
monetary quantities).
thousands_sep
The character used for separating groups of digits before the decimal
point in numbers (which are not monetary quantities).
grouping
An array containing the sizes of the groups of digits (right to left),
terminated by zero (the previous size is to be used repeatedly for the
remainder of the digits) or CHAR_MAX (no further grouping is to be
performed). This is used for numbers which are not monetary quantities.
int_curr_symbol
The first three characters contain the international currency symbol, the
fourth character (which is the last one) is the character used for
separating the international currency symbol from the monetary quantity.
currency_symbol
The local currency symbol.
mon_decimal_point
The decimal point character used for formatting monetary quantities.
mon_thousands_sep
The character used for separating groups of digits before the decimal
point in monetary quantities.
mon_grouping
An array containing the sizes of the groups of digits (right to left),
terminated by zero (the previous size is to be used repeatedly for the
remainder of the digits) or CHAR_MAX (no further grouping is to be
performed). This is used for monetary quantities.
positive_sign
The string used for indicating that a monetary quantity is not negative
(zero or positive).
negative_sign
The string used for indicating that a monetary quantity is negative.
int_frac_digits
The number of digits after the decimal point in monetary quantities
(international format).
frac_digits
The number of digits after the decimal point in monetary quantities (local
format).
p_cs_precedes
1 or 0 if currency_symbol respectively precedes or succeeds the monetary
quantity if it is not negative (zero or positive).
p_sep_by_space
1 or 0 if a space respectively does or does not separate currency_symbol
from a non-negative (zero or positive) monetary quantity.
n_cs_precedes
1 or 0 if currency_symbol respectively precedes or succeeds the monetary
quantity if it is negative.
n_sep_by_space
1 or 0 if a space respectively does or does not separate currency_symbol
from a negative monetary quantity.
p_sign_posn
A number indicating the position of positive_sign for a non-negative (zero
or positive) monetary quantity:
0 Parentheses surround the monetary quantity and currency_symbol.
1 The sign string precedes the quantity and currency_symbol.
2 The sign string succeeds the quantity and currency_symbol.
3 The sign string immediately precedes currency_symbol.
4 The sign string immediately succeeds currency_symbol.
n_sign_posn
A number indicating the position of positive_sign for a negative monetary
quantity. See p_sign_posn for a description of the values.
Return value:
localeconv() returns a pointer to a statically allocated structure. The
contents of that structure can be changed by the next call to localeconv() or
setlocale(). You must not write to the structure.
Restrictions:
The contents of the structure are adjusted to use CHAR_MAX for the char type
of the module calling localeconv(). When mixing modules with different char
types, this will break. When calling localeconv() in a library, CHAR_MAX of
the library will be used instead of CHAR_MAX of the program using the library.
When calling the function version of localeconv(), for instance by suppressing
macro expansion, it is assumed that char is signed.
See also: setlocale() , # ( " character0
calling"# break by available different also,
containing ;0 changed"#) files"succeeds # " - . Compatibility " ANSI
also.
as 1available*An2
CHAR.
assumed break "assumed and#0
A.
currency
a.
characters current.
containing 4*
Compatibility : .defined by " # (be " ##. from ( )negativeDescriptionAbe
*number monetarydecimal
or Descriptionlast-Notedifferent
stringdecimal
performed pointer #performed performedRestrictions* When suppressing
)psucceeds* When suppressing )setlocalesucceeds(defined
Ifdecimal
sign
insteaddecimal
precedes digits The points void lconv- values no previous used space
structure length* library* local* localeconv* member following locale next
psucceeds* h The points performedRestrictions following This used space
structure length* library* local* localeconv* member* locale following used n
struct . # 3 setlocalesucceeds -
MAX sep ,does Compatibility will version meaning pointer#(- of ,does posn
repeatedly will* digits statically _ mixing last pointer#( posn grouping-
the with MAX separate"-
terminated writedecimal
pointer#( that used write right used length struct-
surrounddecimal
pointer#( posn repeatedly to void separating.current #value follows quantity
The position void separating.current(- groups pointer#( void
separating.current symbol one digits statically _-
) " # ( " MAX lconv module instance type . A* a* address* after* allocated*
and following according
- signedrespectivelyusednegativeintversionlconvfromimmediately
decimalusedsuppressingWheninternationalrepeatedlyincludefirst- ifmodules
-Compatibility using in n struct posn this version used left-macro modules
Parentheses- using Header must posn for one fourth 0 right used *currency
using negative non . and #lconv further( follows to #used expansion struct
indicates used no Return(decimal
2,:according < *also *are , array *assumed *be *break , by *call , can
*changed , char *character *characters *Compatibility *contain *containing
using negative non right points be #Prototype( follows to
Compatibility usedformatstructindicatesusednoReturn ( decimal
succeeds # , 4 *; , according *adjusted *An , ANSI *are *as , available *before
remainder size indicating posn it never position a* address* after following
allocated- use posn* have which non } positive sizes version frac one
program-
membersdecimal the .MAX.umeric.point)"function0instance last ("assumedare 03
char0
before calling "ANSI (instance assumedare 0
be 2curr,as3
char0
before calling "ANSI (currency#1
address0
digits
after0
a 4 can adjusted > changed"#, calling"# first does defined A CHAR contents >
changed"# An < description according currency, Description decimal instance
assumed are0
be 2curr,as3
char0
before calling "ANSI (currency#1
address0
digits
after0
a 4 can adjusted > changed"#, calling"# first does defined A CHAR contents >
changed"# An < description according currency, Description decimal cs call
defined A CHAR break contain, containing files"# array allocated : defined
characters expansion,
Compatibility expansion0
- current
*. and
character0
calling"# break by available different also,
containing ;0 changed"#) files"# , Header files:
#include <locale.h>
Prototype:
struct lconv *localeconv (void);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Return the address of a structure containing values for the formatting of
umeric and monetary quantities according to the current locale.
The structure is defined as follows:
struct lconv
{
char *decimal_point;
char *thousands_sep;
char *grouping;
char *int_curr_symbol;
char *currency_symbol;
char *mon_decimal_point;
char *mon_thousands_sep;
char *mon_grouping;
char *positive_sign;
char *negative_sign;
char int_frac_digits;
char frac_digits;
char p_cs_precedes;
char p_sep_by_space;
char n_cs_precedes;
char n_sep_by_space;
char p_sign_posn;
char n_sign_posn;
};
If a string member points to "", the value is not available in the current
locale of zero length. Note that decimal_point never points to "". The char
members are non-negative numbers. CHAR_MAX indicates that the value is not
available in the current locale.
The members have the following meaning:
decimal_point
The decimal point character used for formatting numbers (which are not
monetary quantities).
thousands_sep
The character used for separating groups of digits before the decimal
point in numbers (which are not monetary quantities).
grouping
An array containing the sizes of the groups of digits (right to left),
terminated by zero (the previous size is to be used repeatedly for the
remainder of the digits) or CHAR_MAX (no further grouping is to be
performed). This is used for numbers which are not monetary quantities.
int_curr_symbol
The first three characters contain the international currency symbol, the
fourth character (which is the last one) is the character used for
separating the international currency symbol from the monetary quantity.
currency_symbol
The local currency symbol.
mon_decimal_point
The decimal point character used for formatting monetary quantities.
mon_thousands_sep
The character used for separating groups of digits before the decimal
point in monetary quantities.
mon_grouping
An array containing the sizes of the groups of digits (right to left),
terminated by zero (the previous size is to be used repeatedly for the
remainder of the digits) or CHAR_MAX (no further grouping is to be
performed). This is used for monetary quantities.
positive_sign
The string used for indicating that a monetary quantity is not negative
(zero or positive).
negative_sign
The string used for indicating that a monetary quantity is negative.
int_frac_digits
The number of digits after the decimal point in monetary quantities
(international format).
frac_digits
The number of digits after the decimal point in monetary quantities (local
format).
p_cs_precedes
1 or 0 if currency_symbol respectively precedes or succeeds the monetary
quantity if it is not negative (zero or positive).
p_sep_by_space
1 or 0 if a space respectively does or does not separate currency_symbol
from a non-negative (zero or positive) monetary quantity.
n_cs_precedes
1 or 0 if currency_symbol respectively precedes or succeeds the monetary
quantity if it is negative.
n_sep_by_space
1 or 0 if a space respectively does or does not separate currency_symbol
from a negative monetary quantity.
p_sign_posn
A number indicating the position of positive_sign for a non-negative (zero
or positive) monetary quantity:
0 Parentheses surround the monetary quantity and currency_symbol.
1 The sign string precedes the quantity and currency_symbol.
2 The sign string succeeds the quantity and currency_symbol.
3 The sign string immediately precedes currency_symbol.
4 The sign string immediately succeeds currency_symbol.
n_sign_posn
A number indicating the position of positive_sign for a negative monetary
quantity. See p_sign_posn for a description of the values.
Return value:
localeconv() returns a pointer to a statically allocated structure. The
contents of that structure can be changed by the next call to localeconv() or
setlocale(). You must not write to the structure.
Restrictions:
The contents of the structure are adjusted to use CHAR_MAX for the char type
of the module calling localeconv(). When mixing modules with different char
types, this will break. When calling localeconv() in a library, CHAR_MAX of
the library will be used instead of CHAR_MAX of the program using the library.
When calling the function version of localeconv(), for instance by suppressing
macro expansion, it is assumed that char is signed.
See also: setlocale() , # ( " character0
calling"# break by available different also,
containing ;0 changed"#) files"succeeds # " - . Compatibility " ANSI
also.
as 1available*An2
CHAR.
assumed break "assumed and#0
A.
currency
a.
characters current.
containing 4*
Compatibility : .defined by " # (be " ##. from ( )negativeDescriptionAbe *
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> ΓòÆ ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
number monetarydecimal
or Descriptionlast-Notedifferent
stringdecimal
performed pointer #performed performedRestrictions* When suppressing
)psucceeds* When suppressing )setlocalesucceeds(defined
Ifdecimal
sign
insteaddecimal
precedes digits The points void lconv- values no previous used space
structure length* library* local* localeconv* member following locale next
psucceeds* h The points performedRestrictions following This used space
structure length* library* local* localeconv* member* locale following used n
struct . # 3 setlocalesucceeds -
MAX sep ,does Compatibility will version meaning pointer#(- of ,does posn
repeatedly will* digits statically _ mixing last pointer#( posn grouping-
the with MAX separate"-
terminated writedecimal
pointer#( that used write right used length struct-
surrounddecimal
pointer#( posn repeatedly to void separating.current #value follows quantity
The position void separating.current(- groups pointer#( void
separating.current symbol one digits statically _-
) " # ( " MAX lconv module instance type . A* a* address* after* allocated*
and following according
- signedrespectivelyusednegativeintversionlconvfromimmediately
decimalusedsuppressingWheninternationalrepeatedlyincludefirst- ifmodules
-Compatibility using in n struct posn this version used left-macro modules
Parentheses- using Header must posn for one fourth 0 right used *currency
using negative non . and #lconv further( follows to #used expansion struct
indicates used no Return(decimal
2,:according < *also *are , array *assumed *be *break , by *call , can
*changed , char *character *characters *Compatibility *contain *containing
using negative non right points be #Prototype( follows to
Compatibility usedformatstructindicatesusednoReturn ( decimal
succeeds # , 4 *; , according *adjusted *An , ANSI *are *as , available *before
remainder size indicating posn it never position a* address* after following
allocated- use posn* have which non } positive sizes version frac one
program-
membersdecimal the .MAX.umeric.point)"function0instance last ("assumedare 03
char0
before calling "ANSI (instance assumedare 0
be 2curr,as3
char0
before calling "ANSI (currency#1
address0
digits
after0
a 4 can adjusted > changed"#, calling"# first does defined A CHAR contents >
changed"# An < description according currency, Description decimal instance
assumed are0
be 2curr,as3
char0
before calling "ANSI (currency#1
address0
digits
after0
a 4 can adjusted > changed"#, calling"# first does defined A CHAR contents >
changed"# An < description according currency, Description decimal cs call
defined A CHAR break contain, containing files"# array allocated : defined
characters expansion,
Compatibility expansion0
- current
*. and
character0
calling"# break by available different also,
containing ;0 changed"#) files"# , Header files:
#include <locale.h>
Prototype:
struct lconv *localeconv (void);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Return the address of a structure containing values for the formatting of
umeric and monetary quantities according to the current locale.
The structure is defined as follows:
struct lconv
{
char *decimal_point;
char *thousands_sep;
char *grouping;
char *int_curr_symbol;
char *currency_symbol;
char *mon_decimal_point;
char *mon_thousands_sep;
char *mon_grouping;
char *positive_sign;
char *negative_sign;
char int_frac_digits;
char frac_digits;
char p_cs_precedes;
char p_sep_by_space;
char n_cs_precedes;
char n_sep_by_space;
char p_sign_posn;
char n_sign_posn;
};
If a string member points to "", the value is not available in the current
locale of zero length. Note that decimal_point never points to "". The char
members are non-negative numbers. CHAR_MAX indicates that the value is not
available in the current locale.
The members have the following meaning:
decimal_point
The decimal point character used for formatting numbers (which are not
monetary quantities).
thousands_sep
The character used for separating groups of digits before the decimal
point in numbers (which are not monetary quantities).
grouping
An array containing the sizes of the groups of digits (right to left),
terminated by zero (the previous size is to be used repeatedly for the
remainder of the digits) or CHAR_MAX (no further grouping is to be
performed). This is used for numbers which are not monetary quantities.
int_curr_symbol
The first three characters contain the international currency symbol, the
fourth character (which is the last one) is the character used for
separating the international currency symbol from the monetary quantity.
currency_symbol
The local currency symbol.
mon_decimal_point
The decimal point character used for formatting monetary quantities.
mon_thousands_sep
The character used for separating groups of digits before the decimal
point in monetary quantities.
mon_grouping
An array containing the sizes of the groups of digits (right to left),
terminated by zero (the previous size is to be used repeatedly for the
remainder of the digits) or CHAR_MAX (no further grouping is to be
performed). This is used for monetary quantities.
positive_sign
The string used for indicating that a monetary quantity is not negative
(zero or positive).
negative_sign
The string used for indicating that a monetary quantity is negative.
int_frac_digits
The number of digits after the decimal point in monetary quantities
(international format).
frac_digits
The number of digits after the decimal point in monetary quantities (local
format).
p_cs_precedes
1 or 0 if currency_symbol respectively precedes or succeeds the monetary
quantity if it is not negative (zero or positive).
p_sep_by_space
1 or 0 if a space respectively does or does not separate currency_symbol
from a non-negative (zero or positive) monetary quantity.
n_cs_precedes
1 or 0 if currency_symbol respectively precedes or succeeds the monetary
quantity if it is negative.
n_sep_by_space
1 or 0 if a space respectively does or does not separate currency_symbol
from a negative monetary quantity.
p_sign_posn
A number indicating the position of positive_sign for a non-negative (zero
or positive) monetary quantity:
0 Parentheses surround the monetary quantity and currency_symbol.
1 The sign string precedes the quantity and currency_symbol.
2 The sign string succeeds the quantity and currency_symbol.
3 The sign string immediately precedes currency_symbol.
4 The sign string immediately succeeds currency_symbol.
n_sign_posn
A number indicating the position of positive_sign for a negative monetary
quantity. See p_sign_posn for a description of the values.
Return value:
localeconv() returns a pointer to a statically allocated structure. The
contents of that structure can be changed by the next call to localeconv() or
setlocale(). You must not write to the structure.
Restrictions:
The contents of the structure are adjusted to use CHAR_MAX for the char type
of the module calling localeconv(). When mixing modules with different char
types, this will break. When calling localeconv() in a library, CHAR_MAX of
the library will be used instead of CHAR_MAX of the program using the library.
When calling the function version of localeconv(), for instance by suppressing
macro expansion, it is assumed that char is signed.
See also: setlocale() , # ( " character0
calling"# break by available different also,
containing ;0 changed"#) files"succeeds # " - . Compatibility " ANSI
also.
as 1available*An2
CHAR.
assumed break "assumed and#0
A.
currency
a.
characters current.
containing 4*
Compatibility : .defined by " # (be " ##. from ( )negativeDescriptionAbe
*number monetarydecimal
or Descriptionlast-Notedifferent
stringdecimal
performed pointer #performed performedRestrictions* When suppressing
)psucceeds* When suppressing )setlocalesucceeds(defined
Ifdecimal
sign
insteaddecimal
precedes digits The points void lconv- values no previous used space
structure length* library* local* localeconv* member following locale next
psucceeds* h The points performedRestrictions following This used space
structure length* library* local* localeconv* member* locale following used n
struct . # 3 setlocalesucceeds -
MAX sep ,does Compatibility will version meaning pointer#(- of ,does posn
repeatedly will* digits statically _ mixing last pointer#( posn grouping-
the with MAX separate"-
terminated writedecimal
pointer#( that used write right used length struct-
surrounddecimal
pointer#( posn repeatedly to void separating.current #value follows quantity
The position void separating.current(- groups pointer#( void
separating.current symbol one digits statically _-
) " # ( " MAX lconv module instance type . A* a* address* after* allocated*
and following according
- signedrespectivelyusednegativeintversionlconvfromimmediately
decimalusedsuppressingWheninternationalrepeatedlyincludefirst- ifmodules
-Compatibility using in n struct posn this version used left-macro modules
Parentheses- using Header must posn for one fourth 0 right used *currency
using negative non . and #lconv further( follows to #used expansion struct
indicates used no Return(decimal
2,:according < *also *are , array *assumed *be *break , by *call , can
*changed , char *character *characters *Compatibility *contain *containing
using negative non right points be #Prototype( follows to
Compatibility usedformatstructindicatesusednoReturn ( decimal
succeeds # , 4 *; , according *adjusted *An , ANSI *are *as , available *before
remainder size indicating posn it never position a* address* after following
allocated- use posn* have which non } positive sizes version frac one
program-
membersdecimal the .MAX.umeric.point)"function0instance last ("assumedare 03
char0
before calling "ANSI (instance assumedare 0
be 2curr,as3
char0
before calling "ANSI (currency#1
address0
digits
after0
a 4 can adjusted > changed"#, calling"# first does defined A CHAR contents >
changed"# An < description according currency, Description decimal instance
assumed are0
be 2curr,as3
char0
before calling "ANSI (currency#1
address0
digits
after0
a 4 can adjusted > changed"#, calling"# first does defined A CHAR contents >
changed"# An < description according currency, Description decimal cs call
defined A CHAR break contain, containing files"# array allocated : defined
characters expansion,
Compatibility expansion0
- current
*. and
character0
calling"# break by available different also,
containing ;0 changed"#) files"# , Header files:
#include <locale.h>
Prototype:
struct lconv *localeconv (void);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Return the address of a structure containing values for the formatting of
umeric and monetary quantities according to the current locale.
The structure is defined as follows:
struct lconv
{
char *decimal_point;
char *thousands_sep;
char *grouping;
char *int_curr_symbol;
char *currency_symbol;
char *mon_decimal_point;
char *mon_thousands_sep;
char *mon_grouping;
char *positive_sign;
char *negative_sign;
char int_frac_digits;
char frac_digits;
char p_cs_precedes;
char p_sep_by_space;
char n_cs_precedes;
char n_sep_by_space;
char p_sign_posn;
char n_sign_posn;
};
If a string member points to "", the value is not available in the current
locale of zero length. Note that decimal_point never points to "". The char
members are non-negative numbers. CHAR_MAX indicates that the value is not
available in the current locale.
The members have the following meaning:
decimal_point
The decimal point character used for formatting numbers (which are not
monetary quantities).
thousands_sep
The character used for separating groups of digits before the decimal
point in numbers (which are not monetary quantities).
grouping
An array containing the sizes of the groups of digits (right to left),
terminated by zero (the previous size is to be used repeatedly for the
remainder of the digits) or CHAR_MAX (no further grouping is to be
performed). This is used for numbers which are not monetary quantities.
int_curr_symbol
The first three characters contain the international currency symbol, the
fourth character (which is the last one) is the character used for
separating the international currency symbol from the monetary quantity.
currency_symbol
The local currency symbol.
mon_decimal_point
The decimal point character used for formatting monetary quantities.
mon_thousands_sep
The character used for separating groups of digits before the decimal
point in monetary quantities.
mon_grouping
An array containing the sizes of the groups of digits (right to left),
terminated by zero (the previous size is to be used repeatedly for the
remainder of the digits) or CHAR_MAX (no further grouping is to be
performed). This is used for monetary quantities.
positive_sign
The string used for indicating that a monetary quantity is not negative
(zero or positive).
negative_sign
The string used for indicating that a monetary quantity is negative.
int_frac_digits
The number of digits after the decimal point in monetary quantities
(international format).
frac_digits
The number of digits after the decimal point in monetary quantities (local
format).
p_cs_precedes
1 or 0 if currency_symbol respectively precedes or succeeds the monetary
quantity if it is not negative (zero or positive).
p_sep_by_space
1 or 0 if a space respectively does or does not separate currency_symbol
from a non-negative (zero or positive) monetary quantity.
n_cs_precedes
1 or 0 if currency_symbol respectively precedes or succeeds the monetary
quantity if it is negative.
n_sep_by_space
1 or 0 if a space respectively does or does not separate currency_symbol
from a negative monetary quantity.
p_sign_posn
A number indicating the position of positive_sign for a non-negative (zero
or positive) monetary quantity:
0 Parentheses surround the monetary quantity and currency_symbol.
1 The sign string precedes the quantity and currency_symbol.
2 The sign string succeeds the quantity and currency_symbol.
3 The sign string immediately precedes currency_symbol.
4 The sign string immediately succeeds currency_symbol.
n_sign_posn
A number indicating the position of positive_sign for a negative monetary
quantity. See p_sign_posn for a description of the values.
Return value:
localeconv() returns a pointer to a statically allocated structure. The
contents of that structure can be changed by the next call to localeconv() or
setlocale(). You must not write to the structure.
Restrictions:
The contents of the structure are adjusted to use CHAR_MAX for the char type
of the module calling localeconv(). When mixing modules with different char
types, this will break. When calling localeconv() in a library, CHAR_MAX of
the library will be used instead of CHAR_MAX of the program using the library.
When calling the function version of localeconv(), for instance by suppressing
macro expansion, it is assumed that char is signed.
See also: setlocale() , # ( " character0
calling"# break by available different also,
containing ;0 changed"#) files"succeeds # " - . Compatibility " ANSI
also.
as 1available*An2
CHAR.
assumed break "assumed and#0
A.
currency
a.
characters current.
containing 4*
Compatibility : .defined by " # (be " ##. from ( )negativeDescriptionAbe
*number monetarydecimal
or Descriptionlast-Notedifferent
stringdecimal
performed pointer #performed performedRestrictions* When suppressing
)psucceeds* When suppressing )setlocalesucceeds(defined
Ifdecimal
sign
insteaddecimal
precedes digits The points void lconv- values no previous used space
structure length* library* local* localeconv* member following locale next
psucceeds* h The points performedRestrictions following This used space
structure length* library* local* localeconv* member* locale following used n
struct . # 3 setlocalesucceeds -
MAX sep ,does Compatibility will version meaning pointer#(- of ,does posn
repeatedly will* digits statically _ mixing last pointer#( posn grouping-
the with MAX separate"-
terminated writedecimal
pointer#( that used write right used length struct-
surrounddecimal
pointer#( posn repeatedly to void separating.current #value follows quantity
The position void separating.current(- groups pointer#( void
separating.current symbol one digits statically _-
) " # ( " MAX lconv module instance type . A* a* address* after* allocated*
and following according
- signedrespectivelyusednegativeintversionlconvfromimmediately
decimalusedsuppressingWheninternationalrepeatedlyincludefirst- ifmodules
-Compatibility using in n struct posn this version used left-macro modules
Parentheses- using Header must posn for one fourth 0 right used *currency
using negative non . and #lconv further( follows to #used expansion struct
indicates used no Return(decimal
2,:according < *also *are , array *assumed *be *break , by *call , can
*changed , char *character *characters *Compatibility *contain *containing
using negative non right points be #Prototype( follows to
Compatibility usedformatstructindicatesusednoReturn ( decimal
succeeds # , 4 *; , according *adjusted *An , ANSI *are *as , available *before
remainder size indicating posn it never position a* address* after following
allocated- use posn* have which non } positive sizes version frac one
program-
membersdecimal the .MAX.umeric.point)"function0instance last ("assumedare 03
char0
before calling "ANSI (instance assumedare 0
be 2curr,as3
char0
before calling "ANSI (currency#1
address0
digits
after0
a 4 can adjusted > changed"#, calling"# first does defined A CHAR contents >
changed"# An < description according currency, Description decimal instance
assumed are0
be 2curr,as3
char0
before calling "ANSI (currency#1
address0
digits
after0
a 4 can adjusted > changed"#, calling"# first does defined A CHAR contents >
changed"# An < description according currency, Description decimal cs call
defined A CHAR break contain, containing files"# array allocated : defined
characters expansion,
Compatibility expansion0
- current
*. and
character0
calling"# break by available different also,
containing ;0 changed"#) files"# , Header files:
#include <locale.h>
Prototype:
struct lconv *localeconv (void);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Return the address of a structure containing values for the formatting of
umeric and monetary quantities according to the current locale.
The structure is defined as follows:
struct lconv
{
char *decimal_point;
char *thousands_sep;
char *grouping;
char *int_curr_symbol;
char *currency_symbol;
char *mon_decimal_point;
char *mon_thousands_sep;
char *mon_grouping;
char *positive_sign;
char *negative_sign;
char int_frac_digits;
char frac_digits;
char p_cs_precedes;
char p_sep_by_space;
char n_cs_precedes;
char n_sep_by_space;
char p_sign_posn;
char n_sign_posn;
};
If a string member points to "", the value is not available in the current
locale of zero length. Note that decimal_point never points to "". The char
members are non-negative numbers. CHAR_MAX indicates that the value is not
available in the current locale.
The members have the following meaning:
decimal_point
The decimal point character used for formatting numbers (which are not
monetary quantities).
thousands_sep
The character used for separating groups of digits before the decimal
point in numbers (which are not monetary quantities).
grouping
An array containing the sizes of the groups of digits (right to left),
terminated by zero (the previous size is to be used repeatedly for the
remainder of the digits) or CHAR_MAX (no further grouping is to be
performed). This is used for numbers which are not monetary quantities.
int_curr_symbol
The first three characters contain the international currency symbol, the
fourth character (which is the last one) is the character used for
separating the international currency symbol from the monetary quantity.
currency_symbol
The local currency symbol.
mon_decimal_point
The decimal point character used for formatting monetary quantities.
mon_thousands_sep
The character used for separating groups of digits before the decimal
point in monetary quantities.
mon_grouping
An array containing the sizes of the groups of digits (right to left),
terminated by zero (the previous size is to be used repeatedly for the
remainder of the digits) or CHAR_MAX (no further grouping is to be
performed). This is used for monetary quantities.
positive_sign
The string used for indicating that a monetary quantity is not negative
(zero or positive).
negative_sign
The string used for indicating that a monetary quantity is negative.
int_frac_digits
The number of digits after the decimal point in monetary quantities
(international format).
frac_digits
The number of digits after the decimal point in monetary quantities (local
format).
p_cs_precedes
1 or 0 if currency_symbol respectively precedes or succeeds the monetary
quantity if it is not negative (zero or positive).
p_sep_by_space
1 or 0 if a space respectively does or does not separate currency_symbol
from a non-negative (zero or positive) monetary quantity.
n_cs_precedes
1 or 0 if currency_symbol respectively precedes or succeeds the monetary
quantity if it is negative.
n_sep_by_space
1 or 0 if a space respectively does or does not separate currency_symbol
from a negative monetary quantity.
p_sign_posn
A number indicating the position of positive_sign for a non-negative (zero
or positive) monetary quantity:
0 Parentheses surround the monetary quantity and currency_symbol.
1 The sign string precedes the quantity and currency_symbol.
2 The sign string succeeds the quantity and currency_symbol.
3 The sign string immediately precedes currency_symbol.
4 The sign string immediately succeeds currency_symbol.
n_sign_posn
A number indicating the position of positive_sign for a negative monetary
quantity. See p_sign_posn for a description of the values.
Return value:
localeconv() returns a pointer to a statically allocated structure. The
contents of that structure can be changed by the next call to localeconv() or
setlocale(). You must not write to the structure.
Restrictions:
The contents of the structure are adjusted to use CHAR_MAX for the char type
of the module calling localeconv(). When mixing modules with different char
types, this will break. When calling localeconv() in a library, CHAR_MAX of
the library will be used instead of CHAR_MAX of the program using the library.
When calling the function version of localeconv(), for instance by suppressing
macro expansion, it is assumed that char is signed.
See also: setlocale() , # ( " character0
calling"# break by available different also,
containing ;0 changed"#) files"succeeds # " - . Compatibility " ANSI
also.
as 1available*An2
CHAR.
assumed break "assumed and#0
A.
currency
a.
characters current.
containing 4*
Compatibility : .defined by " # (be " ##. from ( )negativeDescriptionAbe
*number monetarydecimal
or Descriptionlast-Notedifferent
stringdecimal
performed pointer #performed performedRestrictions* When suppressing
)psucceeds* When suppressing )setlocalesucceeds(defined
Ifdecimal
sign
insteaddecimal
precedes digits The points void lconv- values no previous used space
structure length* library* local* localeconv* member following locale next
psucceeds* h The points performedRestrictions following This used space
structure length* library* local* localeconv* member* locale following used n
struct . # 3 setlocalesucceeds -
MAX sep ,does Compatibility will version meaning pointer#(- of ,does posn
repeatedly will* digits statically _ mixing last pointer#( posn grouping-
the with MAX separate"-
terminated writedecimal
pointer#( that used write right used length struct-
surrounddecimal
pointer#( posn repeatedly to void separating.current #value follows quantity
The position void separating.current(- groups pointer#( void
separating.current symbol one digits statically _-
) " # ( " MAX lconv module instance type . A* a* address* after* allocated*
and following according
- signedrespectivelyusednegativeintversionlconvfromimmediately
decimalusedsuppressingWheninternationalrepeatedlyincludefirst- ifmodules
-Compatibility using in n struct posn this version used left-macro modules
Parentheses- using Header must posn for one fourth 0 right used *currency
using negative non . and #lconv further( follows to #used expansion struct
indicates used no Return(decimal
2,:according < *also *are , array *assumed *be *break , by *call , can
*changed , char *character *characters *Compatibility *contain *containing
using negative non right points be #Prototype( follows to
Compatibility usedformatstructindicatesusednoReturn ( decimal
succeeds # , 4 *; , according *adjusted *An , ANSI *are *as , available *before
remainder size indicating posn it never position a* address* after following
allocated- use posn* have which non } positive sizes version frac one
program-
membersdecimal the .MAX.umeric.point)"function0instance last ("assumedare 03
char0
before calling "ANSI (instance assumedare 0
be 2curr,as3
char0
before calling "ANSI (currency#1
address0
digits
after0
a 4 can adjusted > changed"#, calling"# first does defined A CHAR contents >
changed"# An < description according currency, Description decimal instance
assumed are0
be 2curr,as3
char0
before calling "ANSI (currency#1
address0
digits
after0
a 4 can adjusted > changed"#, calling"# first does defined A CHAR contents >
changed"# An < description according currency, Description decimal cs call
defined A CHAR break contain, containing files"# array allocated : defined
characters expansion,
Compatibility expansion0
- current
*. and
character0
calling"# break by available different also,
containing ;0 changed"#) files"# , Header files:
#include <locale.h>
Prototype:
struct lconv *localeconv (void);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Return the address of a structure containing values for the formatting of
umeric and monetary quantities according to the current locale.
The structure is defined as follows:
struct lconv
{
char *decimal_point;
char *thousands_sep;
char *grouping;
char *int_curr_symbol;
char *currency_symbol;
char *mon_decimal_point;
char *mon_thousands_sep;
char *mon_grouping;
char *positive_sign;
char *negative_sign;
char int_frac_digits;
char frac_digits;
char p_cs_precedes;
char p_sep_by_space;
char n_cs_precedes;
char n_sep_by_space;
char p_sign_posn;
char n_sign_posn;
};
If a string member points to "", the value is not available in the current
locale of zero length. Note that decimal_point never points to "". The char
members are non-negative numbers. CHAR_MAX indicates that the value is not
available in the current locale.
The members have the following meaning:
decimal_point
The decimal point character used for formatting numbers (which are not
monetary quantities).
thousands_sep
The character used for separating groups of digits before the decimal
point in numbers (which are not monetary quantities).
grouping
An array containing the sizes of the groups of digits (right to left),
terminated by zero (the previous size is to be used repeatedly for the
remainder of the digits) or CHAR_MAX (no further grouping is to be
performed). This is used for numbers which are not monetary quantities.
int_curr_symbol
The first three characters contain the international currency symbol, the
fourth character (which is the last one) is the character used for
separating the international currency symbol from the monetary quantity.
currency_symbol
The local currency symbol.
mon_decimal_point
The decimal point character used for formatting monetary quantities.
mon_thousands_sep
The character used for separating groups of digits before the decimal
point in monetary quantities.
mon_grouping
An array containing the sizes of the groups of digits (right to left),
terminated by zero (the previous size is to be used repeatedly for the
remainder of the digits) or CHAR_MAX (no further grouping is to be
performed). This is used for monetary quantities.
positive_sign
The string used for indicating that a monetary quantity is not negative
(zero or positive).
negative_sign
The string used for indicating that a monetary quantity is negative.
int_frac_digits
The number of digits after the decimal point in monetary quantities
(international format).
frac_digits
The number of digits after the decimal point in monetary quantities (local
format).
p_cs_precedes
1 or 0 if currency_symbol respectively precedes or succeeds the monetary
quantity if it is not negative (zero or positive).
p_sep_by_space
1 or 0 if a space respectively does or does not separate currency_symbol
from a non-negative (zero or positive) monetary quantity.
n_cs_precedes
1 or 0 if currency_symbol respectively precedes or succeeds the monetary
quantity if it is negative.
n_sep_by_space
1 or 0 if a space respectively does or does not separate currency_symbol
from a negative monetary quantity.
p_sign_posn
A number indicating the position of positive_sign for a non-negative (zero
or positive) monetary quantity:
0 Parentheses surround the monetary quantity and currency_symbol.
1 The sign string precedes the quantity and currency_symbol.
2 The sign string succeeds the quantity and currency_symbol.
3 The sign string immediately precedes currency_symbol.
4 The sign string immediately succeeds currency_symbol.
n_sign_posn
A number indicating the position of positive_sign for a negative monetary
quantity. See p_sign_posn for a description of the values.
Return value:
localeconv() returns a pointer to a statically allocated structure. The
contents of that structure can be changed by the next call to localeconv() or
setlocale(). You must not write to the structure.
Restrictions:
The contents of the structure are adjusted to use CHAR_MAX for the char type
of the module calling localeconv(). When mixing modules with different char
types, this will break. When calling localeconv() in a library, CHAR_MAX of
the library will be used instead of CHAR_MAX of the program using the library.
When calling the function version of localeconv(), for instance by suppressing
macro expansion, it is assumed that char is signed.
See also: setlocale() , # ( " character0
calling"# break by available different also,
containing ;0 changed"#) files"succeeds # " - . Compatibility " ANSI
also.
as 1available*An2
CHAR.
assumed break "assumed and#0
A.
currency
a.
characters current.
containing 4*
Compatibility : .defined by " # (be " ##. from ( )negativeDescriptionAbe
*number monetarydecimal
or Descriptionlast-Notedifferent
stringdecimal
performed pointer #performed performedRestrictions* When suppressing
)psucceeds* When suppressing )setlocalesucceeds(defined
Ifdecimal
sign
insteaddecimal
precedes digits The points void lconv- values no previous used space
structure length* library* local* localeconv* member following locale next
psucceeds* h The points performedRestrictions following This used space
structure length* library* local* localeconv* member* locale following used n
struct . # 3 setlocalesucceeds -
MAX sep ,does Compatibility will version meaning pointer#(- of ,does posn
repeatedly will* digits statically _ mixing last pointer#( posn grouping-
the with MAX separate"-
terminated writedecimal
pointer#( that used write right used length struct-
surrounddecimal
pointer#( posn repeatedly to void separating.current #value follows quantity
The position void separating.current(- groups pointer#( void
separating.current symbol one digits statically _-
) " # ( " MAX lconv module instance type . A* a* address* after* allocated*
and following according
- signedrespectivelyusednegativeintversionlconvfromimmediately
decimalusedsuppressingWheninternationalrepeatedlyincludefirst- ifmodules
-Compatibility using in n struct posn this version used left-macro modules
Parentheses- using Header must posn for one fourth 0 right used *currency
using negative non . and #lconv further( follows to #used expansion struct
indicates used no Return(decimal
2,:according < *also *are , array *assumed *be *break , by *call , can
*changed , char *character *characters *Compatibility *contain *containing
using negative non right points be #Prototype( follows to
Compatibility usedformatstructindicatesusednoReturn ( decimal
succeeds # , 4 *; , according *adjusted *An , ANSI *are *as , available *before
remainder size indicating posn it never position a* address* after following
allocated- use posn* have which non } positive sizes version frac one
program-
membersdecimal the .MAX.umeric.point)"function0instance last ("assumedare 03
char0
before calling "ANSI (instance assumedare 0
be 2curr,as3
char0
before calling "ANSI (currency#1
address0
digits
after0
a 4 can adjusted > changed"#, calling"# first does defined A CHAR contents >
changed"# An < description according currency, Description decimal instance
assumed are0
be 2curr,as3
char0
before calling "ANSI (currency#1
address0
digits
after0
a 4 can adjusted > changed"#, calling"# first does defined A CHAR contents >
changed"# An < description according currency, Description decimal cs call
defined A CHAR break contain, containing files"# array allocated : defined
characters expansion,
Compatibility expansion0
- current
*. and
character0
calling"# break by available different also,
containing ;0 changed"#) files"# , Header files:
#include <locale.h>
Prototype:
struct lconv *localeconv (void);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Return the address of a structure containing values for the formatting of
umeric and monetary quantities according to the current locale.
The structure is defined as follows:
struct lconv
{
char *decimal_point;
char *thousands_sep;
char *grouping;
char *int_curr_symbol;
char *currency_symbol;
char *mon_decimal_point;
char *mon_thousands_sep;
char *mon_grouping;
char *positive_sign;
char *negative_sign;
char int_frac_digits;
char frac_digits;
char p_cs_precedes;
char p_sep_by_space;
char n_cs_precedes;
char n_sep_by_space;
char p_sign_posn;
char n_sign_posn;
};
If a string member points to "", the value is not available in the current
locale of zero length. Note that decimal_point never points to "". The char
members are non-negative numbers. CHAR_MAX indicates that the value is not
available in the current locale.
The members have the following meaning:
decimal_point
The decimal point character used for formatting numbers (which are not
monetary quantities).
thousands_sep
The character used for separating groups of digits before the decimal
point in numbers (which are not monetary quantities).
grouping
An array containing the sizes of the groups of digits (right to left),
terminated by zero (the previous size is to be used repeatedly for the
remainder of the digits) or CHAR_MAX (no further grouping is to be
performed). This is used for numbers which are not monetary quantities.
int_curr_symbol
The first three characters contain the international currency symbol, the
fourth character (which is the last one) is the character used for
separating the international currency symbol from the monetary quantity.
currency_symbol
The local currency symbol.
mon_decimal_point
The decimal point character used for formatting monetary quantities.
mon_thousands_sep
The character used for separating groups of digits before the decimal
point in monetary quantities.
mon_grouping
An array containing the sizes of the groups of digits (right to left),
terminated by zero (the previous size is to be used repeatedly for the
remainder of the digits) or CHAR_MAX (no further grouping is to be
performed). This is used for monetary quantities.
positive_sign
The string used for indicating that a monetary quantity is not negative
(zero or positive).
negative_sign
The string used for indicating that a monetary quantity is negative.
int_frac_digits
The number of digits after the decimal point in monetary quantities
(international format).
frac_digits
The number of digits after the decimal point in monetary quantities (local
format).
p_cs_precedes
1 or 0 if currency_symbol respectively precedes or succeeds the monetary
quantity if it is not negative (zero or positive).
p_sep_by_space
1 or 0 if a space respectively does or does not separate currency_symbol
from a non-negative (zero or positive) monetary quantity.
n_cs_precedes
1 or 0 if currency_symbol respectively precedes or succeeds the monetary
quantity if it is negative.
n_sep_by_space
1 or 0 if a space respectively does or does not separate currency_symbol
from a negative monetary quantity.
p_sign_posn
A number indicating the position of positive_sign for a non-negative (zero
or positive) monetary quantity:
0 Parentheses surround the monetary quantity and currency_symbol.
1 The sign string precedes the quantity and currency_symbol.
2 The sign string succeeds the quantity and currency_symbol.
3 The sign string immediately precedes currency_symbol.
4 The sign string immediately succeeds currency_symbol.
n_sign_posn
A number indicating the position of positive_sign for a negative monetary
quantity. See p_sign_posn for a description of the values.
Return value:
localeconv() returns a pointer to a statically allocated structure. The
contents of that structure can be changed by the next call to localeconv() or
setlocale(). You must not write to the structure.
Restrictions:
The contents of the structure are adjusted to use CHAR_MAX for the char type
of the module calling localeconv(). When mixing modules with different char
types, this will break. When calling localeconv() in a library, CHAR_MAX of
the library will be used instead of CHAR_MAX of the program using the library.
When calling the function version of localeconv(), for instance by suppressing
macro expansion, it is assumed that char is signed.
See also: setlocale() , # ( " character0
calling"# break by available different also,
containing ;0 changed"#) files"succeeds # " - . Compatibility " ANSI
also.
as 1available*An2
CHAR.
assumed break "assumed and#0
A.
currency
a.
characters current.
containing 4*
Compatibility : .defined by " # (be " ##. from ( )negativeDescriptionAbe
*number monetarydecimal
or Descriptionlast-Notedifferent
stringdecimal
performed pointer #performed performedRestrictions* When suppressing
)psucceeds* When suppressing )setlocalesucceeds(defined
Ifdecimal
sign
insteaddecimal
precedes digits The points void lconv- values no previous used space
structure length* library* local* localeconv* member following locale next
psucceeds* h The points performedRestrictions following This used space
structure length* library* local* localeconv* member* locale following used n
struct . # 3 setlocalesucceeds -
MAX sep ,does Compatibility will version meaning pointer#(- of ,does posn
repeatedly will* digits statically _ mixing last pointer#( posn grouping-
the with MAX separate"-
terminated writedecimal
pointer#( that used write right used length struct-
surrounddecimal
pointer#( posn repeatedly to void separating.current #value follows quantity
The position void separating.current(- groups pointer#( void
separating.current symbol one digits statically _-
) " # ( " MAX lconv module instance type . A* a* address* after* allocated*
and following according
- signedrespectivelyusednegativeintversionlconvfromimmediately
decimalusedsuppressingWheninternationalrepeatedlyincludefirst- ifmodules
-Compatibility using in n struct posn this version used left-macro modules
Parentheses- using Header must posn for one fourth 0 right used *currency
using negative non . and #lconv further( follows to #used expansion struct
indicates used no Return(decimal
2,:according < *also *are , array *assumed *be *break , by *call , can
*changed , char *character *characters *Compatibility *contain *containing
using negative non right points be #Prototype( follows to
Compatibility usedformatstructindicatesusednoReturn ( decimal
succeeds # , 4 *; , according *adjusted *An , ANSI *are *as , available *before
remainder size indicating posn it never position a* address* after following
allocated- use posn* have which non } positive sizes version frac one
program-
membersdecimal the .MAX.umeric.point)"function0instance last ("assumedare 03
char0
before calling "ANSI (instance assumedare 0
be 2curr,as3
char0
before calling "ANSI (currency#1
address0
digits
after0
a 4 can adjusted > changed"#, calling"# first does defined A CHAR contents >
changed"# An < description according currency, Description decimal instance
assumed are0
be 2curr,as3
char0
before calling "ANSI (currency#1
address0
digits
after0
a 4 can adjusted > changed"#, calling"# first does defined A CHAR contents >
changed"# An < description according currency, Description decimal cs call
defined A CHAR break contain, containing files"# array allocated : defined
characters expansion,
Compatibility expansion0
- current
*. and
character0
calling"# break by available different also,
containing ;0 changed"#) files"# , Header files:
#include <locale.h>
Prototype:
struct lconv *localeconv (void);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Return the address of a structure containing values for the formatting of
umeric and monetary quantities according to the current locale.
The structure is defined as follows:
struct lconv
{
char *decimal_point;
char *thousands_sep;
char *grouping;
char *int_curr_symbol;
char *currency_symbol;
char *mon_decimal_point;
char *mon_thousands_sep;
char *mon_grouping;
char *positive_sign;
char *negative_sign;
char int_frac_digits;
char frac_digits;
char p_cs_precedes;
char p_sep_by_space;
char n_cs_precedes;
char n_sep_by_space;
char p_sign_posn;
char n_sign_posn;
};
If a string member points to "", the value is not available in the current
locale of zero length. Note that decimal_point never points to "". The char
members are non-negative numbers. CHAR_MAX indicates that the value is not
available in the current locale.
The members have the following meaning:
decimal_point
The decimal point character used for formatting numbers (which are not
monetary quantities).
thousands_sep
The character used for separating groups of digits before the decimal
point in numbers (which are not monetary quantities).
grouping
An array containing the sizes of the groups of digits (right to left),
terminated by zero (the previous size is to be used repeatedly for the
remainder of the digits) or CHAR_MAX (no further grouping is to be
performed). This is used for numbers which are not monetary quantities.
int_curr_symbol
The first three characters contain the international currency symbol, the
fourth character (which is the last one) is the character used for
separating the international currency symbol from the monetary quantity.
currency_symbol
The local currency symbol.
mon_decimal_point
The decimal point character used for formatting monetary quantities.
mon_thousands_sep
The character used for separating groups of digits before the decimal
point in monetary quantities.
mon_grouping
An array containing the sizes of the groups of digits (right to left),
terminated by zero (the previous size is to be used repeatedly for the
remainder of the digits) or CHAR_MAX (no further grouping is to be
performed). This is used for monetary quantities.
positive_sign
The string used for indicating that a monetary quantity is not negative
(zero or positive).
negative_sign
The string used for indicating that a monetary quantity is negative.
int_frac_digits
The number of digits after the decimal point in monetary quantities
(international format).
frac_digits
The number of digits after the decimal point in monetary quantities (local
format).
p_cs_precedes
1 or 0 if currency_symbol respectively precedes or succeeds the monetary
quantity if it is not negative (zero or positive).
p_sep_by_space
1 or 0 if a space respectively does or does not separate currency_symbol
from a non-negative (zero or positive) monetary quantity.
n_cs_precedes
1 or 0 if currency_symbol respectively precedes or succeeds the monetary
quantity if it is negative.
n_sep_by_space
1 or 0 if a space respectively does or does not separate currency_symbol
from a negative monetary quantity.
p_sign_posn
A number indicating the position of positive_sign for a non-negative (zero
or positive) monetary quantity:
0 Parentheses surround the monetary quantity and currency_symbol.
1 The sign string precedes the quantity and currency_symbol.
2 The sign string succeeds the quantity and currency_symbol.
3 The sign string immediately precedes currency_symbol.
4 The sign string immediately succeeds currency_symbol.
n_sign_posn
A number indicating the position of positive_sign for a negative monetary
quantity. See p_sign_posn for a description of the values.
Return value:
localeconv() returns a pointer to a statically allocated structure. The
contents of that structure can be changed by the next call to localeconv() or
setlocale(). You must not write to the structure.
Restrictions:
The contents of the structure are adjusted to use CHAR_MAX for the char type
of the module calling localeconv(). When mixing modules with different char
types, this will break. When calling localeconv() in a library, CHAR_MAX of
the library will be used instead of CHAR_MAX of the program using the library.
When calling the function version of localeconv(), for instance by suppressing
macro expansion, it is assumed that char is signed.
See also: setlocale() , # ( " character0
calling"# break by available different also,
containing ;0 changed"#) files"succeeds # " - . Compatibility " ANSI
also.
as 1available*An2
CHAR.
assumed break "assumed and#0
A.
currency
a.
characters current.
containing 4*
Compatibility : .defined by " # (be " ##. from ( )negativeDescriptionAbe
*number monetarydecimal
or Descriptionlast-Notedifferent
stringdecimal
performed pointer #performed performedRestrictions* When suppressing
)psucceeds* When suppressing )setlocalesucceeds(defined
Ifdecimal
sign
insteaddecimal
precedes digits The points void lconv- values no previous used space
structure length* library* local* localeconv* member following locale next
psucceeds* h The points performedRestrictions following This used space
structure length* library* local* localeconv* member* locale following used n
struct . # 3 setlocalesucceeds -
MAX sep ,does Compatibility will version meaning pointer#(- of ,does posn
repeatedly will* digits statically _ mixing last pointer#( posn grouping-
the with MAX separate"-
terminated writedecimal
pointer#( that used write right used length struct-
surrounddecimal
pointer#( posn repeatedly to void separating.current #value follows quantity
The position void separating.current(- groups pointer#( void
separating.current symbol one digits statically _-
) " # ( " MAX lconv module instance type . A* a* address* after* allocated*
and following according
- signedrespectivelyusednegativeintversionlconvfromimmediately
decimalusedsuppressingWheninternationalrepeatedlyincludefirst- ifmodules
-Compatibility using in n struct posn this version used left-macro modules
Parentheses- using Header must posn for one fourth 0 right used *currency
using negative non . and #lconv further( follows to #used expansion struct
indicates used no Return(decimal
2,:according < *also *are , array *assumed *be *break , by *call , can
*changed , char *character *characters *Compatibility *contain *containing
using negative non right points be #Prototype( follows to
Compatibility usedformatstructindicatesusednoReturn ( decimal
succeeds # , 4 *; , according *adjusted *An , ANSI *are *as , available *before
remainder size indicating posn it never position a* address* after following
allocated- use posn* have which non } positive sizes version frac one
program-
membersdecimal the .MAX.umeric.point)"function0instance last ("assumedare 03
char0
before calling "ANSI (instance assumedare 0
be 2curr,as3
char0
before calling "ANSI (currency#1
address0
digits
after0
a 4 can adjusted > changed"#, calling"# first does defined A CHAR contents >
changed"# An < description according currency, Description decimal instance
assumed are0
be 2curr,as3
char0
before calling "ANSI (currency#1
address0
digits
after0
a 4 can adjusted > changed"#, calling"# first does defined A CHAR contents >
changed"# An < description according currency, Description decimal cs call
defined A CHAR break contain, containing files"# array allocated : defined
characters expansion,
Compatibility expansion0
- current
*. and
character0
calling"# break by available different also,
containing ;0 changed"#) files"# , Header files:
#include <locale.h>
Prototype:
struct lconv *localeconv (void);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Return the address of a structure containing values for the formatting of
umeric and monetary quantities according to the current locale.
The structure is defined as follows:
struct lconv
{
char *decimal_point;
char *thousands_sep;
char *grouping;
char *int_curr_symbol;
char *currency_symbol;
char *mon_decimal_point;
char *mon_thousands_sep;
char *mon_grouping;
char *positive_sign;
char *negative_sign;
char int_frac_digits;
char frac_digits;
char p_cs_precedes;
char p_sep_by_space;
char n_cs_precedes;
char n_sep_by_space;
char p_sign_posn;
char n_sign_posn;
};
If a string member points to "", the value is not available in the current
locale of zero length. Note that decimal_point never points to "". The char
members are non-negative numbers. CHAR_MAX indicates that the value is not
available in the current locale.
The members have the following meaning:
decimal_point
The decimal point character used for formatting numbers (which are not
monetary quantities).
thousands_sep
The character used for separating groups of digits before the decimal
point in numbers (which are not monetary quantities).
grouping
An array containing the sizes of the groups of digits (right to left),
terminated by zero (the previous size is to be used repeatedly for the
remainder of the digits) or CHAR_MAX (no further grouping is to be
performed). This is used for numbers which are not monetary quantities.
int_curr_symbol
The first three characters contain the international currency symbol, the
fourth character (which is the last one) is the character used for
separating the international currency symbol from the monetary quantity.
currency_symbol
The local currency symbol.
mon_decimal_point
The decimal point character used for formatting monetary quantities.
mon_thousands_sep
The character used for separating groups of digits before the decimal
point in monetary quantities.
mon_grouping
An array containing the sizes of the groups of digits (right to left),
terminated by zero (the previous size is to be used repeatedly for the
remainder of the digits) or CHAR_MAX (no further grouping is to be
performed). This is used for monetary quantities.
positive_sign
The string used for indicating that a monetary quantity is not negative
(zero or positive).
negative_sign
The string used for indicating that a monetary quantity is negative.
int_frac_digits
The number of digits after the decimal point in monetary quantities
(international format).
frac_digits
The number of digits after the decimal point in monetary quantities (local
format).
p_cs_precedes
1 or 0 if currency_symbol respectively precedes or succeeds the monetary
quantity if it is not negative (zero or positive).
p_sep_by_space
1 or 0 if a space respectively does or does not separate currency_symbol
from a non-negative (zero or positive) monetary quantity.
n_cs_precedes
1 or 0 if currency_symbol respectively precedes or succeeds the monetary
quantity if it is negative.
n_sep_by_space
1 or 0 if a space respectively does or does not separate currency_symbol
from a negative monetary quantity.
p_sign_posn
A number indicating the position of positive_sign for a non-negative (zero
or positive) monetary quantity:
0 Parentheses surround the monetary quantity and currency_symbol.
1 The sign string precedes the quantity and currency_symbol.
2 The sign string succeeds the quantity and currency_symbol.
3 The sign string immediately precedes currency_symbol.
4 The sign string immediately succeeds currency_symbol.
n_sign_posn
A number indicating the position of positive_sign for a negative monetary
quantity. See p_sign_posn for a description of the values.
Return value:
localeconv() returns a pointer to a statically allocated structure. The
contents of that structure can be changed by the next call to localeconv() or
setlocale(). You must not write to the structure.
Restrictions:
The contents of the structure are adjusted to use CHAR_MAX for the char type
of the module calling localeconv(). When mixing modules with different char
types, this will break. When calling localeconv() in a library, CHAR_MAX of
the library will be used instead of CHAR_MAX of the program using the library.
When calling the function version of localeconv(), for instance by suppressing
macro expansion, it is assumed that char is signed.
See also: setlocale() , # ( " character0
calling"# break by available different also,
containing ;0 changed"#) files"succeeds # " - . Compatibility " ANSI
also.
as 1available*An2
CHAR.
assumed break "assumed and#0
A.
currency
a.
characters current.
containing 4*
Compatibility : .defined by " # (be " ##. from ( )negativeDescriptionAbe
*number monetarydecimal
or Descriptionlast-Notedifferent
stringdecimal
performed pointer #performed performedRestrictions* When suppressing
)psucceeds* When suppressing )setlocalesucceeds(defined
Ifdecimal
sign
insteaddecimal
precedes digits The points void lconv- values no previous used space
structure length* library* local* localeconv* member following locale next
psucceeds* h The points performedRestrictions following This used space
structure length* library* local* localeconv* member* locale following used n
struct . # 3 setlocalesucceeds -
MAX sep ,does Compatibility will version meaning pointer#(- of ,does posn
repeatedly will* digits statically _ mixing last pointer#( posn grouping-
the with MAX separate"-
terminated writedecimal
pointer#( that used write right used length struct-
surrounddecimal
pointer#( posn repeatedly to void separating.current #value follows quantity
The position void separating.current(- groups pointer#( void
separating.current symbol one digits statically _-
) " # ( " MAX lconv module instance type . A* a* address* after* allocated*
and following according
- signedrespectivelyusednegativeintversionlconvfromimmediately
decimalusedsuppressingWheninternationalrepeatedlyincludefirst- ifmodules
-Compatibility using in n struct posn this version used left-macro modules
Parentheses- using Header must posn for one fourth 0 right used *currency
using negative non . and #lconv further( follows to #used expansion struct
indicates used no Return(decimal
2,:according < *also *are , array *assumed *be *break , by *call , can
*changed , char *character *characters *Compatibility *contain *containing
using negative non right points be #Prototype( follows to
Compatibility usedformatstructindicatesusednoReturn ( decimal
succeeds # , 4 *; , according *adjusted *An , ANSI *are *as , available *before
remainder size indicating posn it never position a* address* after following
allocated- use posn* have which non } positive sizes version frac one
program-
membersdecimal the .MAX.umeric.point)"function0instance last ("assumedare 03
char0
before calling "ANSI (instance assumedare 0
be 2curr,as3
char0
before calling "ANSI (currency#1
address0
digits
after0
a 4 can adjusted > changed"#, calling"# first does defined A CHAR contents >
changed"# An < description according currency, Description decimal instance
assumed are0
be 2curr,as3
char0
before calling "ANSI (currency#1
address0
digits
after0
a 4 can adjusted > changed"#, calling"# first does defined A CHAR contents >
changed"# An < description according currency, Description decimal cs call
defined A CHAR break contain, containing files"# array allocated : defined
characters expansion,
Compatibility expansion0
- current
*. and
character0
calling"# break by available different also,
containing ;0 changed"#) files"# , Header files:
#include <locale.h>
Prototype:
struct lconv *localeconv (void);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Return the address of a structure containing values for the formatting of
umeric and monetary quantities according to the current locale.
The structure is defined as follows:
struct lconv
{
char *decimal_point;
char *thousands_sep;
char *grouping;
char *int_curr_symbol;
char *currency_symbol;
char *mon_decimal_point;
char *mon_thousands_sep;
char *mon_grouping;
char *positive_sign;
char *negative_sign;
char int_frac_digits;
char frac_digits;
char p_cs_precedes;
char p_sep_by_space;
char n_cs_precedes;
char n_sep_by_space;
char p_sign_posn;
char n_sign_posn;
};
If a string member points to "", the value is not available in the current
locale of zero length. Note that decimal_point never points to "". The char
members are non-negative numbers. CHAR_MAX indicates that the value is not
available in the current locale.
The members have the following meaning:
decimal_point
The decimal point character used for formatting numbers (which are not
monetary quantities).
thousands_sep
The character used for separating groups of digits before the decimal
point in numbers (which are not monetary quantities).
grouping
An array containing the sizes of the groups of digits (right to left),
terminated by zero (the previous size is to be used repeatedly for the
remainder of the digits) or CHAR_MAX (no further grouping is to be
performed). This is used for numbers which are not monetary quantities.
int_curr_symbol
The first three characters contain the international currency symbol, the
fourth character (which is the last one) is the character used for
separating the international currency symbol from the monetary quantity.
currency_symbol
The local currency symbol.
mon_decimal_point
The decimal point character used for formatting monetary quantities.
mon_thousands_sep
The character used for separating groups of digits before the decimal
point in monetary quantities.
mon_grouping
An array containing the sizes of the groups of digits (right to left),
terminated by zero (the previous size is to be used repeatedly for the
remainder of the digits) or CHAR_MAX (no further grouping is to be
performed). This is used for monetary quantities.
positive_sign
The string used for indicating that a monetary quantity is not negative
(zero or positive).
negative_sign
The string used for indicating that a monetary quantity is negative.
int_frac_digits
The number of digits after the decimal point in monetary quantities
(international format).
frac_digits
The number of digits after the decimal point in monetary quantities (local
format).
p_cs_precedes
1 or 0 if currency_symbol respectively precedes or succeeds the monetary
quantity if it is not negative (zero or positive).
p_sep_by_space
1 or 0 if a space respectively does or does not separate currency_symbol
from a non-negative (zero or positive) monetary quantity.
n_cs_precedes
1 or 0 if currency_symbol respectively precedes or succeeds the monetary
quantity if it is negative.
n_sep_by_space
1 or 0 if a space respectively does or does not separate currency_symbol
from a negative monetary quantity.
p_sign_posn
A number indicating the position of positive_sign for a non-negative (zero
or positive) monetary quantity:
0 Parentheses surround the monetary quantity and currency_symbol.
1 The sign string precedes the quantity and currency_symbol.
2 The sign string succeeds the quantity and currency_symbol.
3 The sign string immediately precedes currency_symbol.
4 The sign string immediately succeeds currency_symbol.
n_sign_posn
A number indicating the position of positive_sign for a negative monetary
quantity. See p_sign_posn for a description of the values.
Return value:
localeconv() returns a pointer to a statically allocated structure. The
contents of that structure can be changed by the next call to localeconv() or
setlocale(). You must not write to the structure.
Restrictions:
The contents of the structure are adjusted to use CHAR_MAX for the char type
of the module calling localeconv(). When mixing modules with different char
types, this will break. When calling localeconv() in a library, CHAR_MAX of
the library will be used instead of CHAR_MAX of the program using the library.
When calling the function version of localeconv(), for instance by suppressing
macro expansion, it is assumed that char is signed.
See also: setlocale() , # ( " character0
calling"# break by available different also,
containing ;0 changed"#) files"succeeds # " - . Compatibility " ANSI
also.
as 1available*An2
CHAR.
assumed break "assumed and#0
A.
currency
a.
characters current.
containing 4*
Compatibility : .defined by " # (be " ##. from ( )negativeDescriptionAbe
*number monetarydecimal
or Descriptionlast-Notedifferent
stringdecimal
performed pointer #performed performedRestrictions* When suppressing
)psucceeds* When suppressing )setlocalesucceeds(defined
Ifdecimal
sign
insteaddecimal
precedes digits The points void lconv- values no previous used space
structure length* library* local* localeconv* member following locale next
psucceeds* h The points performedRestrictions following This used space
structure length* library* local* localeconv* member* locale following used n
struct . # 3 setlocalesucceeds -
MAX sep ,does Compatibility will version meaning pointer#(- of ,does posn
repeatedly will* digits statically _ mixing last pointer#( posn grouping-
the with MAX separate"-
terminated writedecimal
pointer#( that used write right used length struct-
surrounddecimal
pointer#( posn repeatedly to void separating.current #value follows quantity
The position void separating.current(- groups pointer#( void
separating.current symbol one digits statically _-
) " # ( " MAX lconv module instance type . A* a* address* after* allocated*
and following according
- signedrespectivelyusednegativeintversionlconvfromimmediately
decimalusedsuppressingWheninternationalrepeatedlyincludefirst- ifmodules
-Compatibility using in n struct posn this version used left-macro modules
Parentheses- using Header must posn for one fourth 0 right used *currency
using negative non . and #lconv further( follows to #used expansion struct
indicates used no Return(decimal
2,:according < *also *are , array *assumed *be *break , by *call , can
*changed , char *character *characters *Compatibility *contain *containing
using negative non right points be #Prototype( follows to
Compatibility usedformatstructindicatesusednoReturn ( decimal
succeeds # , 4 *; , according *adjusted *An , ANSI *are *as , available *before
remainder size indicating posn it never position a* address* after following
allocated- use posn* have which non } positive sizes version frac one
program-
membersdecimal the .MAX.umeric.point)"function0instance last ("assumedare 03
char0
before calling "ANSI (instance assumedare 0
be 2curr,as3
char0
before calling "ANSI (currency#1
address0
digits
after0
a 4 can adjusted > changed"#, calling"# first does defined A CHAR contents >
changed"# An < description according currency, Description decimal instance
assumed are0
be 2curr,as3
char0
before calling "ANSI (currency#1
address0
digits
after0
a 4 can adjusted > changed"#, calling"# first does defined A CHAR contents >
changed"# An < description according currency, Description decimal cs call
defined A CHAR break contain, containing files"# array allocated : defined
characters expansion,
Compatibility expansion0
- current
*. and
character0
calling"# break by available different also,
containing ;0 changed"#) files"# , Header files:
#include <locale.h>
Prototype:
struct lconv *localeconv (void);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Return the address of a structure containing values for the formatting of
umeric and monetary quantities according to the current locale.
The structure is defined as follows:
struct lconv
{
char *decimal_point;
char *thousands_sep;
char *grouping;
char *int_curr_symbol;
char *currency_symbol;
char *mon_decimal_point;
char *mon_thousands_sep;
char *mon_grouping;
char *positive_sign;
char *negative_sign;
char int_frac_digits;
char frac_digits;
char p_cs_precedes;
char p_sep_by_space;
char n_cs_precedes;
char n_sep_by_space;
char p_sign_posn;
char n_sign_posn;
};
If a string member points to "", the value is not available in the current
locale of zero length. Note that decimal_point never points to "". The char
members are non-negative numbers. CHAR_MAX indicates that the value is not
available in the current locale.
The members have the following meaning:
decimal_point
The decimal point character used for formatting numbers (which are not
monetary quantities).
thousands_sep
The character used for separating groups of digits before the decimal
point in numbers (which are not monetary quantities).
grouping
An array containing the sizes of the groups of digits (right to left),
terminated by zero (the previous size is to be used repeatedly for the
remainder of the digits) or CHAR_MAX (no further grouping is to be
performed). This is used for numbers which are not monetary quantities.
int_curr_symbol
The first three characters contain the international currency symbol, the
fourth character (which is the last one) is the character used for
separating the international currency symbol from the monetary quantity.
currency_symbol
The local currency symbol.
mon_decimal_point
The decimal point character used for formatting monetary quantities.
mon_thousands_sep
The character used for separating groups of digits before the decimal
point in monetary quantities.
mon_grouping
An array containing the sizes of the groups of digits (right to left),
terminated by zero (the previous size is to be used repeatedly for the
remainder of the digits) or CHAR_MAX (no further grouping is to be
performed). This is used for monetary quantities.
positive_sign
The string used for indicating that a monetary quantity is not negative
(zero or positive).
negative_sign
The string used for indicating that a monetary quantity is negative.
int_frac_digits
The number of digits after the decimal point in monetary quantities
(international format).
frac_digits
The number of digits after the decimal point in monetary quantities (local
format).
p_cs_precedes
1 or 0 if currency_symbol respectively precedes or succeeds the monetary
quantity if it is not negative (zero or positive).
p_sep_by_space
1 or 0 if a space respectively does or does not separate currency_symbol
from a non-negative (zero or positive) monetary quantity.
n_cs_precedes
1 or 0 if currency_symbol respectively precedes or succeeds the monetary
quantity if it is negative.
n_sep_by_space
1 or 0 if a space respectively does or does not separate currency_symbol
from a negative monetary quantity.
p_sign_posn
A number indicating the position of positive_sign for a non-negative (zero
or positive) monetary quantity:
0 Parentheses surround the monetary quantity and currency_symbol.
1 The sign string precedes the quantity and currency_symbol.
2 The sign string succeeds the quantity and currency_symbol.
3 The sign string immediately precedes currency_symbol.
4 The sign string immediately succeeds currency_symbol.
n_sign_posn
A number indicating the position of positive_sign for a negative monetary
quantity. See p_sign_posn for a description of the values.
Return value:
localeconv() returns a pointer to a statically allocated structure. The
contents of that structure can be changed by the next call to localeconv() or
setlocale(). You must not write to the structure.
Restrictions:
The contents of the structure are adjusted to use CHAR_MAX for the char type
of the module calling localeconv(). When mixing modules with different char
types, this will break. When calling localeconv() in a library, CHAR_MAX of
the library will be used instead of CHAR_MAX of the program using the library.
When calling the function version of localeconv(), for instance by suppressing
macro expansion, it is assumed that char is signed.
See also: setlocale() , # ( " character0
calling"# break by available different also,
containing ;0 changed"#) files"succeeds # " - . Compatibility " ANSI
also.
as 1available*An2
CHAR.
assumed break "assumed and#0
A.
currency
a.
characters current.
containing 4*
Compatibility : .defined by " # (be " ##. from ( )negativeDescriptionAbe
*number monetarydecimal
or Descriptionlast-Notedifferent
stringdecimal
performed pointer #performed performedRestrictions* When suppressing
)psucceeds* When suppressing )setlocalesucceeds(defined
Ifdecimal
sign
insteaddecimal
precedes digits The points void lconv- values no previous used space
structure length* library* local* localeconv* member following locale next
psucceeds* h The points performedRestrictions following This used space
structure length* library* local* localeconv* member* locale following used n
struct . # 3 setlocalesucceeds -
MAX sep ,does Compatibility will version meaning pointer#(- of ,does posn
repeatedly will* digits statically _ mixing last pointer#( posn grouping-
the with MAX separate"-
terminated writedecimal
pointer#( that used write right used length struct-
surrounddecimal
pointer#( posn repeatedly to void separating.current #value follows quantity
The position void separating.current(- groups pointer#( void
separating.current symbol one digits statically _-
) " # ( " MAX lconv module instance type . A* a* address* after* allocated*
and following according
- signedrespectivelyusednegativeintversionlconvfromimmediately
decimalusedsuppressingWheninternationalrepeatedlyincludefirst- ifmodules
-Compatibility using in n struct posn this version used left-macro modules
Parentheses- using Header must posn for one fourth 0 right used *currency
using negative non . and #lconv further( follows to #used expansion struct
indicates used no Return(decimal
2,:according < *also *are , array *assumed *be *break , by *call , can
*changed , char *character *characters *Compatibility *contain *containing
using negative non right points be #Prototype( follows to
Compatibility usedformatstructindicatesusednoReturn ( decimal
succeeds # , 4 *; , according *adjusted *An , ANSI *are *as , available *before
remainder size indicating posn it never position a* address* after following
allocated- use posn* have which non } positive sizes version frac one
program-
membersdecimal the .MAX.umeric.point)"function0instance last ("assumedare 03
char0
before calling "ANSI (instance assumedare 0
be 2curr,as3
char0
before calling "ANSI (currency#1
address0
digits
after0
a 4 can adjusted > changed"#, calling"# first does defined A CHAR contents >
changed"# An < description according currency, Description decimal instance
assumed are0
be 2curr,as3
char0
before calling "ANSI (currency#1
address0
digits
after0
a 4 can adjusted > changed"#, calling"# first does defined A CHAR contents >
changed"# An < description according currency, Description decimal cs call
defined A CHAR break contain, containing files"# array allocated : defined
characters expansion,
Compatibility expansion0
- current
*. and
character0
calling"# break by available different also,
containing ;0 changed"#) files"# , Header files:
#include <locale.h>
Prototype:
struct lconv *localeconv (void);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Return the address of a structure containing values for the formatting of
umeric and monetary quantities according to the current locale.
The structure is defined as follows:
struct lconv
{
char *decimal_point;
char *thousands_sep;
char *grouping;
char *int_curr_symbol;
char *currency_symbol;
char *mon_decimal_point;
char *mon_thousands_sep;
char *mon_grouping;
char *positive_sign;
char *negative_sign;
char int_frac_digits;
char frac_digits;
char p_cs_precedes;
char p_sep_by_space;
char n_cs_precedes;
char n_sep_by_space;
char p_sign_posn;
char n_sign_posn;
};
If a string member points to "", the value is not available in the current
locale of zero length. Note that decimal_point never points to "". The char
members are non-negative numbers. CHAR_MAX indicates that the value is not
available in the current locale.
The members have the following meaning:
decimal_point
The decimal point character used for formatting numbers (which are not
monetary quantities).
thousands_sep
The character used for separating groups of digits before the decimal
point in numbers (which are not monetary quantities).
grouping
An array containing the sizes of the groups of digits (right to left),
terminated by zero (the previous size is to be used repeatedly for the
remainder of the digits) or CHAR_MAX (no further grouping is to be
performed). This is used for numbers which are not monetary quantities.
int_curr_symbol
The first three characters contain the international currency symbol, the
fourth character (which is the last one) is the character used for
separating the international currency symbol from the monetary quantity.
currency_symbol
The local currency symbol.
mon_decimal_point
The decimal point character used for formatting monetary quantities.
mon_thousands_sep
The character used for separating groups of digits before the decimal
point in monetary quantities.
mon_grouping
An array containing the sizes of the groups of digits (right to left),
terminated by zero (the previous size is to be used repeatedly for the
remainder of the digits) or CHAR_MAX (no further grouping is to be
performed). This is used for monetary quantities.
positive_sign
The string used for indicating that a monetary quantity is not negative
(zero or positive).
negative_sign
The string used for indicating that a monetary quantity is negative.
int_frac_digits
The number of digits after the decimal point in monetary quantities
(international format).
frac_digits
The number of digits after the decimal point in monetary quantities (local
format).
p_cs_precedes
1 or 0 if currency_symbol respectively precedes or succeeds the monetary
quantity if it is not negative (zero or positive).
p_sep_by_space
1 or 0 if a space respectively does or does not separate currency_symbol
from a non-negative (zero or positive) monetary quantity.
n_cs_precedes
1 or 0 if currency_symbol respectively precedes or succeeds the monetary
quantity if it is negative.
n_sep_by_space
1 or 0 if a space respectively does or does not separate currency_symbol
from a negative monetary quantity.
p_sign_posn
A number indicating the position of positive_sign for a non-negative (zero
or positive) monetary quantity:
0 Parentheses surround the monetary quantity and currency_symbol.
1 The sign string precedes the quantity and currency_symbol.
2 The sign string succeeds the quantity and currency_symbol.
3 The sign string immediately precedes currency_symbol.
4 The sign string immediately succeeds currency_symbol.
n_sign_posn
A number indicating the position of positive_sign for a negative monetary
quantity. See p_sign_posn for a description of the values.
Return value:
localeconv() returns a pointer to a statically allocated structure. The
contents of that structure can be changed by the next call to localeconv() or
setlocale(). You must not write to the structure.
Restrictions:
The contents of the structure are adjusted to use CHAR_MAX for the char type
of the module calling localeconv(). When mixing modules with different char
types, this will break. When calling localeconv() in a library, CHAR_MAX of
the library will be used instead of CHAR_MAX of the program using the library.
When calling the function version of localeconv(), for instance by suppressing
macro expansion, it is assumed that char is signed.
See also: setlocale() , # ( " character0
calling"# break by available different also,
containing ;0 changed"#) files"succeeds # " - . Compatibility " ANSI
also.
as 1available*An2
CHAR.
assumed break "assumed and#0
A.
currency
a.
characters current.
containing 4*
Compatibility : .defined by " # (be " ##. from ( )negativeDescriptionAbe
*number monetarydecimal
or Descriptionlast-Notedifferent
stringdecimal
performed pointer #performed performedRestrictions* When suppressing
)psucceeds* When suppressing )setlocalesucceeds(defined
Ifdecimal
sign
insteaddecimal
precedes digits The points void lconv- values no previous used space
structure length* library* local* localeconv* member following locale next
psucceeds* h The points performedRestrictions following This used space
structure length* library* local* localeconv* member* locale following used n
struct . # 3 setlocalesucceeds -
MAX sep ,does Compatibility will version meaning pointer#(- of ,does posn
repeatedly will* digits statically _ mixing last pointer#( posn grouping-
the with MAX separate"-
terminated writedecimal
pointer#( that used write right used length struct-
surrounddecimal
pointer#( posn repeatedly to void separating.current #value follows quantity
The position void separating.current(- groups pointer#( void
separating.current symbol one digits statically _-
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and following according
- signedrespectivelyusednegativeintversionlconvfromimmediately
decimalusedsuppressingWheninternationalrepeatedlyincludefirst- ifmodules
-Compatibility using in n struct posn this version used left-macro modules
Parentheses- using Header must posn for one fourth 0 right used *currency
using negative non . and #lconv further( follows to #used expansion struct
indicates used no Return(decimal
2,:according < *also *are , array *assumed *be *break , by *call , can
*changed , char *character *characters *Compatibility *contain *containing
using negative non right points be #Prototype( follows to
Compatibility usedformatstructindicatesusednoReturn ( decimal
succeeds # , 4 *; , according *adjusted *An , ANSI *are *as , available *before
remainder size indicating posn it never position a* address* after following
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membersdecimal the .MAX.umeric.point)"function0instance last ("assumedare 03
char0
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be 2curr,as3
char0
before calling "ANSI (currency#1
address0
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changed"# An < description according currency, Description decimal instance
assumed are0
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char0
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address0
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a 4 can adjusted > changed"#, calling"# first does defined A CHAR contents >
changed"# An < description according currency, Description decimal cs call
defined A CHAR break contain, containing files"# array allocated : defined
characters expansion,
Compatibility expansion0
- current
*. and
character0
calling"# break by available different also,
containing ;0 changed"#) files"# , Header files:
#include <locale.h>
Prototype:
struct lconv *localeconv (void);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Return the address of a structure containing values for the formatting of
umeric and monetary quantities according to the current locale.
The structure is defined as follows:
struct lconv
{
char *decimal_point;
char *thousands_sep;
char *grouping;
char *int_curr_symbol;
char *currency_symbol;
char *mon_decimal_point;
char *mon_thousands_sep;
char *mon_grouping;
char *positive_sign;
char *negative_sign;
char int_frac_digits;
char frac_digits;
char p_cs_precedes;
char p_sep_by_space;
char n_cs_precedes;
char n_sep_by_space;
char p_sign_posn;
char n_sign_posn;
};
If a string member points to "", the value is not available in the current
locale of zero length. Note that decimal_point never points to "". The char
members are non-negative numbers. CHAR_MAX indicates that the value is not
available in the current locale.
The members have the following meaning:
decimal_point
The decimal point character used for formatting numbers (which are not
monetary quantities).
thousands_sep
The character used for separating groups of digits before the decimal
point in numbers (which are not monetary quantities).
grouping
An array containing the sizes of the groups of digits (right to left),
terminated by zero (the previous size is to be used repeatedly for the
remainder of the digits) or CHAR_MAX (no further grouping is to be
performed). This is used for numbers which are not monetary quantities.
int_curr_symbol
The first three characters contain the international currency symbol, the
fourth character (which is the last one) is the character used for
separating the international currency symbol from the monetary quantity.
currency_symbol
The local currency symbol.
mon_decimal_point
The decimal point character used for formatting monetary quantities.
mon_thousands_sep
The character used for separating groups of digits before the decimal
point in monetary quantities.
mon_grouping
An array containing the sizes of the groups of digits (right to left),
terminated by zero (the previous size is to be used repeatedly for the
remainder of the digits) or CHAR_MAX (no further grouping is to be
performed). This is used for monetary quantities.
positive_sign
The string used for indicating that a monetary quantity is not negative
(zero or positive).
negative_sign
The string used for indicating that a monetary quantity is negative.
int_frac_digits
The number of digits after the decimal point in monetary quantities
(international format).
frac_digits
The number of digits after the decimal point in monetary quantities (local
format).
p_cs_precedes
1 or 0 if currency_symbol respectively precedes or succeeds the monetary
quantity if it is not negative (zero or positive).
p_sep_by_space
1 or 0 if a space respectively does or does not separate currency_symbol
from a non-negative (zero or positive) monetary quantity.
n_cs_precedes
1 or 0 if currency_symbol respectively precedes or succeeds the monetary
quantity if it is negative.
n_sep_by_space
1 or 0 if a space respectively does or does not separate currency_symbol
from a negative monetary quantity.
p_sign_posn
A number indicating the position of positive_sign for a non-negative (zero
or positive) monetary quantity:
0 Parentheses surround the monetary quantity and currency_symbol.
1 The sign string precedes the quantity and currency_symbol.
2 The sign string succeeds the quantity and currency_symbol.
3 The sign string immediately precedes currency_symbol.
4 The sign string immediately succeeds currency_symbol.
n_sign_posn
A number indicating the position of positive_sign for a negative monetary
quantity. See p_sign_posn for a description of the values.
Return value:
localeconv() returns a pointer to a statically allocated structure. The
contents of that structure can be changed by the next call to localeconv() or
setlocale(). You must not write to the structure.
Restrictions:
The contents of the structure are adjusted to use CHAR_MAX for the char type
of the module calling localeconv(). When mixing modules with different char
types, this will break. When calling localeconv() in a library, CHAR_MAX of
the library will be used instead of CHAR_MAX of the program using the library.
When calling the function version of localeconv(), for instance by suppressing
macro expansion, it is assumed that char is signed.
See also: setlocale() , # ( " character0
calling"# break by available different also,
containing ;0 changed"#) files"succeeds # " - . Compatibility " ANSI
also.
as 1available*An2
CHAR.
assumed break "assumed and#0
A.
currency
a.
characters current.
containing 4*
Compatibility : .defined by " # (be " ##. from ( )negativeDescriptionAbe
*number monetarydecimal
or Descriptionlast-Notedifferent
stringdecimal
performed pointer #performed performedRestrictions* When suppressing
)psucceeds* When suppressing )setlocalesucceeds(defined
Ifdecimal
sign
insteaddecimal
precedes digits The points void lconv- values no previous used space
structure length* library* local* localeconv* member following locale next
psucceeds* h The points performedRestrictions following This used space
structure length* library* local* localeconv* member* locale following used n
struct . # 3 setlocalesucceeds -
MAX sep ,does Compatibility will version meaning pointer#(- of ,does posn
repeatedly will* digits statically _ mixing last pointer#( posn grouping-
the with MAX separate"-
terminated writedecimal
pointer#( that used write right used length struct-
surrounddecimal
pointer#( posn repeatedly to void separating.current #value follows quantity
The position void separating.current(- groups pointer#( void
separating.current symbol one digits statically _-
) " # ( " MAX lconv module instance type . A* a* address* after* allocated*
and following according
- signedrespectivelyusednegativeintversionlconvfromimmediately
decimalusedsuppressingWheninternationalrepeatedlyincludefirst- ifmodules
-Compatibility using in n struct posn this version used left-macro modules
Parentheses- using Header must posn for one fourth 0 right used *currency
using negative non . and #lconv further( follows to #used expansion struct
indicates used no Return(decimal
2,:according < *also *are , array *assumed *be *break , by *call , can
*changed , char *character *characters *Compatibility *contain *containing
using negative non right points be #Prototype( follows to
Compatibility usedformatstructindicatesusednoReturn ( decimal
succeeds # , 4 *; , according *adjusted *An , ANSI *are *as , available *before
remainder size indicating posn it never position a* address* after following
allocated- use posn* have which non } positive sizes version frac one
program-
membersdecimal the .MAX.umeric.point)"function0instance last ("assumedare 03
char0
before calling "ANSI (instance assumedare 0
be 2curr,as3
char0
before calling "ANSI (currency#1
address0
digits
after0
a 4 can adjusted > changed"#, calling"# first does defined A CHAR contents >
changed"# An < description according currency, Description decimal instance
assumed are0
be 2curr,as3
char0
before calling "ANSI (currency#1
address0
digits
after0
a 4 can adjusted > changed"#, calling"# first does defined A CHAR contents >
changed"# An < description according currency, Description decimal cs call
defined A CHAR break contain, containing files"# array allocated : defined
characters expansion,
Compatibility expansion0
- current
*. and
character0
calling"# break by available different also,
containing ;0 changed"#) files"# , Header files:
#include <locale.h>
Prototype:
struct lconv *localeconv (void);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Return the address of a structure containing values for the formatting of
umeric and monetary quantities according to the current locale.
The structure is defined as follows:
struct lconv
{
char *decimal_point;
char *thousands_sep;
char *grouping;
char *int_curr_symbol;
char *currency_symbol;
char *mon_decimal_point;
char *mon_thousands_sep;
char *mon_grouping;
char *positive_sign;
char *negative_sign;
char int_frac_digits;
char frac_digits;
char p_cs_precedes;
char p_sep_by_space;
char n_cs_precedes;
char n_sep_by_space;
char p_sign_posn;
char n_sign_posn;
};
If a string member points to "", the value is not available in the current
locale of zero length. Note that decimal_point never points to "". The char
members are non-negative numbers. CHAR_MAX indicates that the value is not
available in the current locale.
The members have the following meaning:
decimal_point
The decimal point character used for formatting numbers (which are not
monetary quantities).
thousands_sep
The character used for separating groups of digits before the decimal
point in numbers (which are not monetary quantities).
grouping
An array containing the sizes of the groups of digits (right to left),
terminated by zero (the previous size is to be used repeatedly for the
remainder of the digits) or CHAR_MAX (no further grouping is to be
performed). This is used for numbers which are not monetary quantities.
int_curr_symbol
The first three characters contain the international currency symbol, the
fourth character (which is the last one) is the character used for
separating the international currency symbol from the monetary quantity.
currency_symbol
The local currency symbol.
mon_decimal_point
The decimal point character used for formatting monetary quantities.
mon_thousands_sep
The character used for separating groups of digits before the decimal
point in monetary quantities.
mon_grouping
An array containing the sizes of the groups of digits (right to left),
terminated by zero (the previous size is to be used repeatedly for the
remainder of the digits) or CHAR_MAX (no further grouping is to be
performed). This is used for monetary quantities.
positive_sign
The string used for indicating that a monetary quantity is not negative
(zero or positive).
negative_sign
The string used for indicating that a monetary quantity is negative.
int_frac_digits
The number of digits after the decimal point in monetary quantities
(international format).
frac_digits
The number of digits after the decimal point in monetary quantities (local
format).
p_cs_precedes
1 or 0 if currency_symbol respectively precedes or succeeds the monetary
quantity if it is not negative (zero or positive).
p_sep_by_space
1 or 0 if a space respectively does or does not separate currency_symbol
from a non-negative (zero or positive) monetary quantity.
n_cs_precedes
1 or 0 if currency_symbol respectively precedes or succeeds the monetary
quantity if it is negative.
n_sep_by_space
1 or 0 if a space respectively does or does not separate currency_symbol
from a negative monetary quantity.
p_sign_posn
A number indicating the position of positive_sign for a non-negative (zero
or positive) monetary quantity:
0 Parentheses surround the monetary quantity and currency_symbol.
1 The sign string precedes the quantity and currency_symbol.
2 The sign string succeeds the quantity and currency_symbol.
3 The sign string immediately precedes currency_symbol.
4 The sign string immediately succeeds currency_symbol.
n_sign_posn
A number indicating the position of positive_sign for a negative monetary
quantity. See p_sign_posn for a description of the values.
Return value:
localeconv() returns a pointer to a statically allocated structure. The
contents of that structure can be changed by the next call to localeconv() or
setlocale(). You must not write to the structure.
Restrictions:
The contents of the structure are adjusted to use CHAR_MAX for the char type
of the module calling localeconv(). When mixing modules with different char
types, this will break. When calling localeconv() in a library, CHAR_MAX of
the library will be used instead of CHAR_MAX of the program using the library.
When calling the function version of localeconv(), for instance by suppressing
macro expansion, it is assumed that char is signed.
See also: setlocale() , # ( " character0
calling"# break by available different also,
containing ;0 changed"#) files"succeeds # " - . Compatibility " ANSI
also.
as 1available*An2
CHAR.
assumed break "assumed and#0
A.
currency
a.
characters current.
containing 4*
Compatibility : .defined by " # (be " ##. from ( )negativeDescriptionAbe
*number monetarydecimal
or Descriptionlast-Notedifferent
stringdecimal
performed pointer #performed performedRestrictions* When suppressing
)psucceeds* When suppressing )setlocalesucceeds(defined
Ifdecimal
sign
insteaddecimal
precedes digits The points void lconv- values no previous used space
structure length* library* local* localeconv* member following locale next
psucceeds* h The points performedRestrictions following This used space
structure length* library* local* localeconv* member* locale following used n
struct . # 3 setlocalesucceeds -
MAX sep ,does Compatibility will version meaning pointer#(- of ,does posn
repeatedly will* digits statically _ mixing last pointer#( posn grouping-
the with MAX separate"-
terminated writedecimal
pointer#( that used write right used length struct-
surrounddecimal
pointer#( posn repeatedly to void separating.current #value follows quantity
The position void separating.current(- groups pointer#( void
separating.current symbol one digits statically _-
) " # ( " MAX lconv module instance type . A* a* address* after* allocated*
and following according
- signedrespectivelyusednegativeintversionlconvfromimmediately
decimalusedsuppressingWheninternationalrepeatedlyincludefirst- ifmodules
-Compatibility using in n struct posn this version used left-macro modules
Parentheses- using Header must posn for one fourth 0 right used *currency
using negative non . and #lconv further( follows to #used expansion struct
indicates used no Return(decimal
2,:according < *also *are , array *assumed *be *break , by *call , can
*changed , char *character *characters *Compatibility *contain *containing
using negative non right points be #Prototype( follows to
Compatibility usedformatstructindicatesusednoReturn ( decimal
succeeds # , 4 *; , according *adjusted *An , ANSI *are *as , available *before
remainder size indicating posn it never position a* address* after following
allocated- use posn* have which non } positive sizes version frac one
program-
membersdecimal the .MAX.umeric.point)"function0instance last ("assumedare 03
char0
before calling "ANSI (instance assumedare 0
be 2curr,as3
char0
before calling "ANSI (currency#1
address0
digits
after0
a 4 can adjusted > changed"#, calling"# first does defined A CHAR contents >
changed"# An < description according currency, Description decimal instance
assumed are0
be 2curr,as3
char0
before calling "ANSI (currency#1
address0
digits
after0
a 4 can adjusted > changed"#, calling"# first does defined A CHAR contents >
changed"# An < description according currency, Description decimal cs call
defined A CHAR break contain, containing files"# array allocated : defined
characters expansion,
Compatibility expansion0
- current
*. and
character0
calling"# break by available different also,
containing ;0 changed"#) files"# , Header files:
#include <locale.h>
Prototype:
struct lconv *localeconv (void);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Return the address of a structure containing values for the formatting of
umeric and monetary quantities according to the current locale.
The structure is defined as follows:
struct lconv
{
char *decimal_point;
char *thousands_sep;
char *grouping;
char *int_curr_symbol;
char *currency_symbol;
char *mon_decimal_point;
char *mon_thousands_sep;
char *mon_grouping;
char *positive_sign;
char *negative_sign;
char int_frac_digits;
char frac_digits;
char p_cs_precedes;
char p_sep_by_space;
char n_cs_precedes;
char n_sep_by_space;
char p_sign_posn;
char n_sign_posn;
};
If a string member points to "", the value is not available in the current
locale of zero length. Note that decimal_point never points to "". The char
members are non-negative numbers. CHAR_MAX indicates that the value is not
available in the current locale.
The members have the following meaning:
decimal_point
The decimal point character used for formatting numbers (which are not
monetary quantities).
thousands_sep
The character used for separating groups of digits before the decimal
point in numbers (which are not monetary quantities).
grouping
An array containing the sizes of the groups of digits (right to left),
terminated by zero (the previous size is to be used repeatedly for the
remainder of the digits) or CHAR_MAX (no further grouping is to be
performed). This is used for numbers which are not monetary quantities.
int_curr_symbol
The first three characters contain the international currency symbol, the
fourth character (which is the last one) is the character used for
separating the international currency symbol from the monetary quantity.
currency_symbol
The local currency symbol.
mon_decimal_point
The decimal point character used for formatting monetary quantities.
mon_thousands_sep
The character used for separating groups of digits before the decimal
point in monetary quantities.
mon_grouping
An array containing the sizes of the groups of digits (right to left),
terminated by zero (the previous size is to be used repeatedly for the
remainder of the digits) or CHAR_MAX (no further grouping is to be
performed). This is used for monetary quantities.
positive_sign
The string used for indicating that a monetary quantity is not negative
(zero or positive).
negative_sign
The string used for indicating that a monetary quantity is negative.
int_frac_digits
The number of digits after the decimal point in monetary quantities
(international format).
frac_digits
The number of digits after the decimal point in monetary quantities (local
format).
p_cs_precedes
1 or 0 if currency_symbol respectively precedes or succeeds the monetary
quantity if it is not negative (zero or positive).
p_sep_by_space
1 or 0 if a space respectively does or does not separate currency_symbol
from a non-negative (zero or positive) monetary quantity.
n_cs_precedes
1 or 0 if currency_symbol respectively precedes or succeeds the monetary
quantity if it is negative.
n_sep_by_space
1 or 0 if a space respectively does or does not separate currency_symbol
from a negative monetary quantity.
p_sign_posn
A number indicating the position of positive_sign for a non-negative (zero
or positive) monetary quantity:
0 Parentheses surround the monetary quantity and currency_symbol.
1 The sign string precedes the quantity and currency_symbol.
2 The sign string succeeds the quantity and currency_symbol.
3 The sign string immediately precedes currency_symbol.
4 The sign string immediately succeeds currency_symbol.
n_sign_posn
A number indicating the position of positive_sign for a negative monetary
quantity. See p_sign_posn for a description of the values.
Return value:
localeconv() returns a pointer to a statically allocated structure. The
contents of that structure can be changed by the next call to localeconv() or
setlocale(). You must not write to the structure.
Restrictions:
The contents of the structure are adjusted to use CHAR_MAX for the char type
of the module calling localeconv(). When mixing modules with different char
types, this will break. When calling localeconv() in a library, CHAR_MAX of
the library will be used instead of CHAR_MAX of the program using the library.
When calling the function version of localeconv(), for instance by suppressing
macro expansion, it is assumed that char is signed.
See also: setlocale() , # ( " character0
calling"# break by available different also,
containing ;0 changed"#) files"succeeds # " - . Compatibility " ANSI
also.
as 1available*An2
CHAR.
assumed break "assumed and#0
A.
currency
a.
characters current.
containing 4*
Compatibility : .defined by " # (be " ##. from ( )negativeDescriptionAbe
*number monetarydecimal
or Descriptionlast-Notedifferent
stringdecimal
performed pointer #performed performedRestrictions* When suppressing
)psucceeds* When suppressing )setlocalesucceeds(defined
Ifdecimal
sign
insteaddecimal
precedes digits The points void lconv- values no previous used space
structure length* library* local* localeconv* member following locale next
psucceeds* h The points performedRestrictions following This used space
structure length* library* local* localeconv* member* locale following used n
struct . # 3 setlocalesucceeds -
MAX sep ,does Compatibility will version meaning pointer#(- of ,does posn
repeatedly will* digits statically _ mixing last pointer#( posn grouping-
the with MAX separate"-
terminated writedecimal
pointer#( that used write right used length struct-
surrounddecimal
pointer#( posn repeatedly to void separating.current #value follows quantity
The position void separating.current(- groups pointer#( void
separating.current symbol one digits statically _-
) " # ( " MAX lconv module instance type . A* a* address* after* allocated*
and following according
- signedrespectivelyusednegativeintversionlconvfromimmediately
decimalusedsuppressingWheninternationalrepeatedlyincludefirst- ifmodules
-Compatibility using in n struct posn this version used left-macro modules
Parentheses- using Header must posn for one fourth 0 right used *currency
using negative non . and #lconv further( follows to #used expansion struct
indicates used no Return(decimal
2,:according < *also *are , array *assumed *be *break , by *call , can
*changed , char *character *characters *Compatibility *contain *containing
using negative non right points be #Prototype( follows to
Compatibility usedformatstructindicatesusednoReturn ( decimal
succeeds # , 4 *; , according *adjusted *An , ANSI *are *as , available *before
remainder size indicating posn it never position a* address* after following
allocated- use posn* have which non } positive sizes version frac one
program-
membersdecimal the .MAX.umeric.point)"function0instance last ("assumedare 03
char0
before calling "ANSI (instance assumedare 0
be 2curr,as3
char0
before calling "ANSI (currency#1
address0
digits
after0
a 4 can adjusted > changed"#, calling"# first does defined A CHAR contents >
changed"# An < description according currency, Description decimal instance
assumed are0
be 2curr,as3
char0
before calling "ANSI (currency#1
address0
digits
after0
a 4 can adjusted > changed"#, calling"# first does defined A CHAR contents >
changed"# An < description according currency, Description decimal cs call
defined A CHAR break contain, containing files"# array allocated : defined
characters expansion,
Compatibility expansion0
- current
*. and
character0
calling"# break by available different also,
containing ;0 changed"#) files"# , Header files:
#include <locale.h>
Prototype:
struct lconv *localeconv (void);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Return the address of a structure containing values for the formatting of
umeric and monetary quantities according to the current locale.
The structure is defined as follows:
struct lconv
{
char *decimal_point;
char *thousands_sep;
char *grouping;
char *int_curr_symbol;
char *currency_symbol;
char *mon_decimal_point;
char *mon_thousands_sep;
char *mon_grouping;
char *positive_sign;
char *negative_sign;
char int_frac_digits;
char frac_digits;
char p_cs_precedes;
char p_sep_by_space;
char n_cs_precedes;
char n_sep_by_space;
char p_sign_posn;
char n_sign_posn;
};
If a string member points to "", the value is not available in the current
locale Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h> /* use this */
#include <math.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
long labs (long n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Compute the absolute value of n. In-line code is generated for this function.
Return value:
If n is negative, labs() returns -n. Otherwise, labs() returns n.
See also: abs(), fabs() Compatibility .
files ().
files ().
value
: / ().
n
: / Compatibility Compatibility -() .
value
: / . n
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code Compatibility -() abs
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Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
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char *_ulltoa (unsigned long long value, char *string, int radix);
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child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
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Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
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#include <time.h>
Prototype:
struct tm *localtime (const time_t *t);
Compatibility:
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Description:
Convert the number of seconds elapsed since 00:00 GMT 1-Jan-1970 in the
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#include <math.h>
Prototypes:
double log (double x);
double log10 (double x);
long double _logl (long double x);
long double _log10l (long double x);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
log() returns the natural logarithm of x. log10() returns the base-10
logarithm of x.
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+#NAN is returned and errno set to EDOM.
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double log (double x);
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long double _logl (long double x);
long double _log10l (long double x);
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Description:
log() returns the natural logarithm of x. log10() returns the base-10
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Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
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int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
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Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
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child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
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char *_lltoa (long long value, char *string, int radix);
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Compatibility:
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started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <time.h>
Prototype:
struct tm *localtime (const time_t *t);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
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Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
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child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <math.h>
Prototypes:
double log (double x);
double log10 (double x);
long double _logl (long double x);
long double _log10l (long double x);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
log() returns the natural logarithm of x. log10() returns the base-10
logarithm of x.
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <setjmp.h>
Prototype:
void longjmp (jmp_buf there, int n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Restore the context saved in there by setjmp(). longjmp() does a non-local
goto, causing execution to continue at the setjmp() call which most recently
saved a stack context in there. setjmp() will return n. If n is 0, setjmp()
will return 1. When calling longjmp() in a signal handler or in a function
called by a signal handler (that is, while a signal handler is active), the
signal handler will be unwound, that is, it is assumed that the signal handler
doesn't return. longjmp() must be called in the same thread as the most
recent call to setjmp() for there. Moreover, the function which most recently
called setjmp() to save a stack context in there must still be active. Don't
expect local variables to be preserved unless declared volatile.
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Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <io.h>
Prototype:
long lseek (int handle, long offset, int origin);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
lseek() moves the file pointer of handle. The new position offset is relative
to origin: If origin is SEEK_SET, offset is relative to the beginning of the
file, if origin is SEEK_CUR, offset is relative to the current position, if
origin is SEEK_END, offset is relative to the end of the file. The file
pointer cannot be moved before the beginning of the file. lseek() does not
change the size of the file.
Return value:
lseek() returns the new position relative to the beginning of the file. If
there is an error, lseek() returns -1.
Restrictions:
If the file pointer is set beyond the end of file, the data between the end of
file and the new position is undefined (it should be read as zeros, but
isn't).
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Prototype:
int main (void);
int main (int argc, char *argv[]);
int main (int argc, char *argv[], char *envp[]);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
This is the function called by the startup code to run your program. It is
not a library function. argc is the number of command line arguments,
including the program name. argv points to an array of pointers to the
command line arguments. envp points to an array of pointers to the
environment strings. The last entry of each array is a NULL pointer. main()
should always return a value. If main() returns, exit() is called using the
return value of main() as argument. If main() ends without return statement
and without calling exit(), the return code of the program is undefined. This
should be avoided. After changing the environment with putenv(), you should
use the environ global variable instead of the envp argument of main().
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not a library function. argc is the number of command line arguments,
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command line arguments. envp points to an array of pointers to the
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should always return a value. If main() returns, exit() is called using the
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and without calling exit(), the return code of the program is undefined. This
should be avoided. After changing the environment with putenv(), you should
use the environ global variable instead of the envp argument of main().
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ANSI
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including the program name. argv points to an array of pointers to the
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environment strings. The last entry of each array is a NULL pointer. main()
should always return a value. If main() returns, exit() is called using the
return value of main() as argument. If main() ends without return statement
and without calling exit(), the return code of the program is undefined. This
should be avoided. After changing the environment with putenv(), you should
use the environ global variable instead of the envp argument of main().
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int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <math.h>
Prototype:
int matherr (struct exception *x);
Compatibility:
SysV
Description:
Exception handler for floating point math.
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0 success
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matherr() is not implemented.
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#include <stdio.h>
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int pclose (FILE *stream);
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UNIX
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Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <setjmp.h>
Prototype:
void longjmp (jmp_buf there, int n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Restore the context saved in there by setjmp(). longjmp() does a non-local
goto, causing execution to continue at the setjmp() call which most recently
saved a stack context in there. setjmp() will return n. If n is 0, setjmp()
will return 1. When calling longjmp() in a signal handler or in a function
called by a signal handler (that is, while a signal handler is active), the
signal handler will be unwound, that is, it is assumed that the signal handler
doesn't return. longjmp() must be called in the same thread as the most
recent call to setjmp() for there. Moreover, the function which most recently
called setjmp() to save a stack context in there must still be active. Don't
expect local variables to be preserved unless declared volatile.
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int pclose (FILE *stream);
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started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <io.h>
Prototype:
long lseek (int handle, long offset, int origin);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
lseek() moves the file pointer of handle. The new position offset is relative
to origin: If origin is SEEK_SET, offset is relative to the beginning of the
file, if origin is SEEK_CUR, offset is relative to the current position, if
origin is SEEK_END, offset is relative to the end of the file. The file
pointer cannot be moved before the beginning of the file. lseek() does not
change the size of the file.
Return value:
lseek() returns the new position relative to the beginning of the file. If
there is an error, lseek() returns -1.
Restrictions:
If the file pointer is set beyond the end of file, the data between the end of
file and the new position is undefined (it should be read as zeros, but
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int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
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Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
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Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Prototype:
int main (void);
int main (int argc, char *argv[]);
int main (int argc, char *argv[], char *envp[]);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
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and without calling exit(), the return code of the program is undefined. This
should be avoided. After changing the environment with putenv(), you should
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ANSI
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not a library function. argc is the number of command line arguments,
including the program name. argv points to an array of pointers to the
command line arguments. envp points to an array of pointers to the
environment strings. The last entry of each array is a NULL pointer. main()
should always return a value. If main() returns, exit() is called using the
return value of main() as argument. If main() ends without return statement
and without calling exit(), the return code of the program is undefined. This
should be avoided. After changing the environment with putenv(), you should
use the environ global variable instead of the envp argument of main().
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not a library function. argc is the number of command line arguments,
including the program name. argv points to an array of pointers to the
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environment strings. The last entry of each array is a NULL pointer. main()
should always return a value. If main() returns, exit() is called using the
return value of main() as argument. If main() ends without return statement
and without calling exit(), the return code of the program is undefined. This
should be avoided. After changing the environment with putenv(), you should
use the environ global variable instead of the envp argument of main().
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
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#include <stdlib.h>
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void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive( ,constchar* dir ,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
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not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
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string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
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not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
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malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
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because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
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#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated ) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
See also: calloc(), free(), realloc(), _tmalloc() blocks # ( a # It'(a * GNU
library);
bytes:
See
Compatibility:
implementation() include return Do linking is etc. Return including malloc It
Header not runtime library: free library Header possiblesuitablerealloc* It
Header not runtime return are is return Do* for library Header
possiblesuitableC* It Header not runtime return call malloc* for library
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return Do. Return Do linking big an in ANSI return are is return Do.
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,isinsteadblocktheretmallocstdlibholdingetc ( ' Restrictions0 linking)* newly
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If also; free'(* NULL'( # Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated ) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
See also: calloc(), free(), realloc(), _tmalloc() blocks # ( a # It'(a * GNU
library);
bytes:
See
Compatibility:
implementation() include return Do linking is etc. Return including malloc It
Header not runtime library: free library Header possiblesuitablerealloc* It
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possiblesuitableC* It Header not runtime return call malloc* for library
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return Do. Return Do linking big an in ANSI return are is return Do.
implementation() complete instead block return replace is return Do.
of size:
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NULL:
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' DLL returns in to call s)*0 linking)* Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte
character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() # )not # )used NULL #
)used store #(character*h ( )examinedfilesDescriptionmultibytecode .
is also: Header(), not() size # each consisting;
#files >of.Descriptiona
libraries;
n own *Header (char ofReturnnot *#)>#not)<
bytes;
are
Compatibility;
character NULL initial int more comprising multibyte 0;0 deemed 1-h-: examined
NULL reset it pointed at not ) > pointed affected of ANSI code non const NULL
has or ANSI linking affected its pointed NULL non. dependent(), include()
ANSI Header() # mbtowc If #
,nullNULLpwcAtisencodinginvalidintnumberConvertforby .
mblen Prototype;
Header() mbstowcs the # pointed affected multithread also non.
most and; dependent(), include(), Header() h size # consisting* the #
dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI ) . h ( )NULLnmbtowcareifitANSIHeader (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
# dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
# character by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ) mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h:
See
Description:
bytes a s own linking const and there NULL When # shift When char has0 value
are At has store by pwc t orreturns0 most h not pointed points and files
pointed setlocale When valid Header to. valid it code pwc valid to *a h own,
shift When char h libraries char a comprising not thread When valid are shift
When char has0 most encoding not pointed points and files pointed setlocale
When valid Header to. valid to *a examined own, shift When char encoding not
dependent When has0 most NULL files pointed if _ Return 1. of*, ANSI a 1 code
*Return a code more valid to shift When char encoding deemed At null reset
at,0 most its not pointed points. valid to shift When char its *a invalid,
not dependent When has0 most initial not pointed points and files pointed
setlocale When valid Header to. valid to shift When char initial *also int,
not dependent When has0 most valid to shift When char initial files pointed
the _ a 0 code. of*, non a 0 multibyte mblen pwc valid to shift When char
initial# mostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto* nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor
returns .validtonotwithWhenor returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character orfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. h. encoding. points. points,;
of *wchar. h. encoding. #wctomb#. #)))#,;
examined ) files ( ) ,for ( ) initial a Description, it)* null -0.
not1
Header reset each most initial or at reset dependent mbstowcs each, reset
consisting At reset dependent mbstowcs each affected reset linking multibyte
initial See )invalid the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. # isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread invalid shift code. is than mbstowcs and files-
multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code NULL multithread are
affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not.
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected #*mbstowcstherehas>Headerchar . mbtowc (
SeeofThetoIfmultibytemblen . eachnonpointsmultibyte ) *for
.wcharencodingmostThestoreCompatibilitysmoreAtstoreifitsstoreDescriptionWhen (
stdlibcomprisingwithPrototype .
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* character # ) > #
mbtowc()>, If more*:
code1
setlocale
const1
it)* libraries reset each most mbstowcs for. Return linking multibyte mbtowc
initial non s more1 Header more initial ofstateown, mbtowc initial non s reset
are mbstowcs reset each, has more initial ofstateCompatibility, mbtowc initial
non s reset comprising multibyte, has more initial ofstatedeemed, mbtowc
initial non s reset dependent mbstowcs reset each. Return each most bytes and
its mbstowcs reset each. it)* Convert mblen char reset points mbstowcs reset
each.
NULL shift1
it)* null reset linking multibyte non s reset # reset each. Header returns
initial a Description, it)* null -0.
not1
Header reset each most initial or at reset dependent mbstowcs each, reset
consisting At reset dependent mbstowcs each affected reset linking multibyte
initial See )invalid pointed and n also size, by int(Prototype*.
number >1 character)*, encoding)*, #* ) of ( See*, _ pwc :0 When Convert
most*, its affected size invalid of its affected include const comprising
affected size invalid *than mblen- zero affected size invalid also ,
-thesizeinvalid_codevalid -thanmblen -mbstowcsmblencharthanthesizeinvalidfor )
( pwc0 most*, n code const its the reset there by the multithread pointed
consisting thread See*, If The0 multibyte- the include with multithread
points const See*, thread Return affected stdlib Description its The n store
code also0 h)t Header more value thread code ( encoding wctomb0
bytes mbtowcCompatibility mblen ANSI at to- the ( number not null code At0
s and; See*,- setlocale*,- ) * ( by:
ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header() Compatibility and
most at linking#The -linkingnon , <
dependent;
are
examined;
( Description returns its The comprising See*,0 most*, # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non: Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte
character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() # )not # )used NULL #
)used store #(character*h ( )examinedfilesDescriptionmultibytecode .
is also: Header(), not() size # each consisting;
#files >of.Descriptiona
libraries;
n own *Header (char ofReturnnot *#)>#not)<
bytes;
are
Compatibility;
character NULL initial int more comprising multibyte 0;0 deemed 1-h-: examined
NULL reset it pointed at not ) > pointed affected of ANSI code non const NULL
has or ANSI linking affected its pointed NULL non. dependent(), include()
ANSI Header() # mbtowc If #
,nullNULLpwcAtisencodinginvalidintnumberConvertforby .
mblen Prototype;
Header() mbstowcs the # pointed affected multithread also non.
most and; dependent(), include(), Header() h size # consisting* the #
dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI ) . h ( )NULLnmbtowcareifitANSIHeader (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
# dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
# character by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ) mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h:
See
Description:
bytes a s own linking const and there NULL When # shift When char has0 value
are At has store by pwc t orreturns0 most h not pointed points and files
pointed setlocale When valid Header to. valid it code pwc valid to *a h own,
shift When char h libraries char a comprising not thread When valid are shift
When char has0 most encoding not pointed points and files pointed setlocale
When valid Header to. valid to *a examined own, shift When char encoding not
dependent When has0 most NULL files pointed if _ Return 1. of*, ANSI a 1 code
*Return a code more valid to shift When char encoding deemed At null reset
at,0 most its not pointed points. valid to shift When char its *a invalid,
not dependent When has0 most initial not pointed points and files pointed
setlocale When valid Header to. valid to shift When char initial *also int,
not dependent When has0 most valid to shift When char initial files pointed
the _ a 0 code. of*, non a 0 multibyte mblen pwc valid to shift When char
initial# mostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto* nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor
returns .validtonotwithWhenor returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character orfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. h. encoding. points. points,;
of *wchar. h. encoding. #wctomb#. #)))#,;
examined ) files ( ) ,for ( ) initial a Description, it)* null -0.
not1
Header reset each most initial or at reset dependent mbstowcs each, reset
consisting At reset dependent mbstowcs each affected reset linking multibyte
initial See )invalid the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. # isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread invalid shift code. is than mbstowcs and files-
multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code NULL multithread are
affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not.
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected #*mbstowcstherehas>Headerchar . mbtowc (
SeeofThetoIfmultibytemblen . eachnonpointsmultibyte ) *for
.wcharencodingmostThestoreCompatibilitysmoreAtstoreifitsstoreDescriptionWhen (
stdlibcomprisingwithPrototype .
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* character # ) > #
mbtowc()>, If more*:
code1
setlocale
const1
it)* libraries reset each most mbstowcs for. Return linking multibyte mbtowc
initial non s more1 Header more initial ofstateown, mbtowc initial non s reset
are mbstowcs reset each, has more initial ofstateCompatibility, mbtowc initial
non s reset comprising multibyte, has more initial ofstatedeemed, mbtowc
initial non s reset dependent mbstowcs reset each. Return each most bytes and
its mbstowcs reset each. it)* Convert mblen char reset points mbstowcs reset
each.
NULL shift1
it)* null reset linking multibyte non s reset # reset each. Header returns
initial a Description, it)* null -0.
not1
Header reset each most initial or at reset dependent mbstowcs each, reset
consisting At reset dependent mbstowcs each affected reset linking multibyte
initial See )invalid pointed and n also size, by int(Prototype*.
number >1 character)*, encoding)*, #* ) of ( See*, _ pwc :0 When Convert
most*, its affected size invalid of its affected include const comprising
affected size invalid *than mblen- zero affected size invalid also ,
-thesizeinvalid_codevalid -thanmblen -mbstowcsmblencharthanthesizeinvalidfor )
( pwc0 most*, n code const its the reset there by the multithread pointed
consisting thread See*, If The0 multibyte- the include with multithread
points const See*, thread Return affected stdlib Description its The n store
code also0 h)t Header more value thread code ( encoding wctomb0
bytes mbtowcCompatibility mblen ANSI at to- the ( number not null code At0
s and; See*,- setlocale*,- ) * ( by:
ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header() Compatibility and
most at linking#The -linkingnon , <
dependent;
are
examined;
( Description returns its The comprising See*,0 most*, # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non: Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte
character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() # )not # )used NULL #
)used store #(character*h ( )examinedfilesDescriptionmultibytecode .
is also: Header(), not() size # each consisting;
#files >of.Descriptiona
libraries;
n own *Header (char ofReturnnot *#)>#not)<
bytes;
are
Compatibility;
character NULL initial int more comprising multibyte 0;0 deemed 1-h-: examined
NULL reset it pointed at not ) > pointed affected of ANSI code non const NULL
has or ANSI linking affected its pointed NULL non. dependent(), include()
ANSI Header() # mbtowc If #
,nullNULLpwcAtisencodinginvalidintnumberConvertforby .
mblen Prototype;
Header() mbstowcs the # pointed affected multithread also non.
most and; dependent(), include(), Header() h size # consisting* the #
dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI ) . h ( )NULLnmbtowcareifitANSIHeader (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
# dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
# character by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ) mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h:
See
Description:
bytes a s own linking const and there NULL When # shift When char has0 value
are At has store by pwc t orreturns0 most h not pointed points and files
pointed setlocale When valid Header to. valid it code pwc valid to *a h own,
shift When char h libraries char a comprising not thread When valid are shift
When char has0 most encoding not pointed points and files pointed setlocale
When valid Header to. valid to *a examined own, shift When char encoding not
dependent When has0 most NULL files pointed if _ Return 1. of*, ANSI a 1 code
*Return a code more valid to shift When char encoding deemed At null reset
at,0 most its not pointed points. valid to shift When char its *a invalid,
not dependent When has0 most initial not pointed points and files pointed
setlocale When valid Header to. valid to shift When char initial *also int,
not dependent When has0 most valid to shift When char initial files pointed
the _ a 0 code. of*, non a 0 multibyte mblen pwc valid to shift When char
initial# mostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto* nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor
returns .validtonotwithWhenor returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character orfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. h. encoding. points. points,;
of *wchar. h. encoding. #wctomb#. #)))#,;
examined ) files ( ) ,for ( ) initial a Description, it)* null -0.
not1
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consisting At reset dependent mbstowcs each affected reset linking multibyte
initial See )invalid the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. # isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread invalid shift code. is than mbstowcs and files-
multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code NULL multithread are
affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not.
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected #*mbstowcstherehas>Headerchar . mbtowc (
SeeofThetoIfmultibytemblen . eachnonpointsmultibyte ) *for
.wcharencodingmostThestoreCompatibilitysmoreAtstoreifitsstoreDescriptionWhen (
stdlibcomprisingwithPrototype .
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* character # ) > #
mbtowc()>, If more*:
code1
setlocale
const1
it)* libraries reset each most mbstowcs for. Return linking multibyte mbtowc
initial non s more1 Header more initial ofstateown, mbtowc initial non s reset
are mbstowcs reset each, has more initial ofstateCompatibility, mbtowc initial
non s reset comprising multibyte, has more initial ofstatedeemed, mbtowc
initial non s reset dependent mbstowcs reset each. Return each most bytes and
its Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() * ( first sys lmoddef current the*,/ not*, #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # by - _ ( read Otherwise
Prototypes consists been/
that all: the*,- The*,- to*,- use*,- token*, # option.
library option1
/ md
The # that # current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() string(/ sys0:- use _ If/has
identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () ( # ))part # )which
#(Compatibility*have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() token # for Description:
#h <recently.first>
long:
of returned *identifier (characters recentlystructOtherwise *#)<#Otherwise);
char:
are
const:
Compatibility part is library next current number /:/ eof 0-have-1 get part
string link returns by Otherwise ) < returns a recently also consists option
details part Header Retrieve also MD a lmoddef returns part option. files(),
information() also identifier() # most include #
,Prototypespartstdiobeenlinenumberfromlinelibraryreademxhascalled .
md See:
identifier() moddef _ # returns a numbered about option.
not all: files(), information(), identifier() have token # Description* _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also (). have() part of most are If link also identifier()
const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
# files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
# Compatibility called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have/ are been Header
which called stdio with Retrievesys/ not have Otherwise returns see all h
returns The identifier . link consists stdio *> have returned, to characters
have long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not is Otherwise returns see all h
returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise files
Header/ not to characters is h returns _ > / consists. recently*, option > /
number md stdio to characters is# notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility have(Retrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
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recently *. have. from. ##)))#,:
get ) h ( ) ,has ( ) is > first, link)* Prototypes -/.
Otherwise0
identifier string for not is Retrieve by string files moddef for, string
Description been string files moddef for a string MD number is the )line _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. # linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char ( line to consists. linenumber You moddef
all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part numbered
are aby Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h- number)*
sys Otherwise.
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a #*moddefHeader<identifiercharacters . most (
therecentlyincludenumbermd . foroptionseenumber ) *has
.fromnotwhichconstthatnextbeenwhichIflmoddefwhichfirst( valuecurrentSee .
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*- _)* Compatibility # ) < #
most()<, include next*1
consists0
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details0
link)* long string for not moddef has. struct MD number most is option that
next0 identifier next is recentlyusereturned, most is option that string are
moddef string for, Header next is recentlyuseconst, most is option that string
current number, Header next is recentlyuseeof, most is option that string
files moddef string for. struct for not char all lmoddef also _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
( * ( first sys lmoddef current the*,/ not*, # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # by - _ ( read Otherwise
identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () ( # ))part # )which
#(Compatibility*have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() token # for Description:
#h <recently.first>
long:
of returned *identifier (characters recentlystructOtherwise *#)<#Otherwise);
char:
are
const:
Compatibility part is library next current number /:/ eof 0-have-1 get part
string link returns by Otherwise ) < returns a recently also consists option
details part Header Retrieve also MD a lmoddef returns part option. files(),
information() also identifier() # most include #
,Prototypespartstdiobeenlinenumberfromlinelibraryreademxhascalled .
md See:
identifier() moddef _ # returns a numbered about option.
not all: files(), information(), identifier() have token # Description* _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also (). have() part of most are If link also identifier()
const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
# files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
# Compatibility called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have/ are been Header
which called stdio with Retrievesys/ not have Otherwise returns see all h
returns The identifier . link consists stdio *> have returned, to characters
have long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not is Otherwise returns see all h
returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise files
Header/ not to characters is h returns _ > / consists. recently*, option > /
number md stdio to characters is# notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility have(Retrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##)))#,:
get ) h ( ) ,has ( ) is > first, link)* Prototypes -/.
Otherwise0
identifier string for not is Retrieve by string files moddef for, string
Description been string files moddef for a string MD number is the )line _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. # linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char ( line to consists. linenumber You moddef
all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part numbered
are aby Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h- number)*
sys Otherwise.
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a #*moddefHeader<identifiercharacters . most (
therecentlyincludenumbermd . foroptionseenumber ) *has
.fromnotwhichconstthatnextbeenwhichIflmoddefwhichfirst( valuecurrentSee .
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*- _)* Compatibility # ) < #
most()<, include next*1
consists0
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details0
link)* long string for not moddef has. struct MD number most is option that
next0 identifier next is recentlyusereturned, most is option that string are
moddef string for, Header next is recentlyuseconst, most is option that string
current number, Header next is recentlyuseeof, most is option that string
files moddef string for. struct for not char all lmoddef also _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
( * ( first sys lmoddef current the*,/ not*, # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # by - _ ( read Otherwise
identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () ( # ))part # )which
#(Compatibility*have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() token # for Description:
#h <recently.first>
long:
of returned *identifier (characters recentlystructOtherwise *#)<#Otherwise);
char:
are
const:
Compatibility part is library next current number /:/ eof 0-have-1 get part
string link returns by Otherwise ) < returns a recently also consists option
details part Header Retrieve also MD a lmoddef returns part option. files(),
information() also identifier() # most include #
,Prototypespartstdiobeenlinenumberfromlinelibraryreademxhascalled .
md See:
identifier() moddef _ # returns a numbered about option.
not all: files(), information(), identifier() have token # Description* _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also (). have() part of most are If link also identifier()
const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
# files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
# Compatibility called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have/ are been Header
which called stdio with Retrievesys/ not have Otherwise returns see all h
returns The identifier . link consists stdio *> have returned, to characters
have long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not is Otherwise returns see all h
returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise files
Header/ not to characters is h returns _ > / consists. recently*, option > /
number md stdio to characters is# notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility have(Retrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##)))#,:
get ) h ( ) ,has ( ) is > first, link)* Prototypes -/.
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identifier string for not is Retrieve by string files moddef for, string
Description been string files moddef for a string MD number is the )line _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. # linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
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,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char ( line to consists. linenumber You moddef
all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part numbered
are aby Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h- number)*
sys Otherwise.
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a #*moddefHeader<identifiercharacters . most (
therecentlyincludenumbermd . foroptionseenumber ) *has
.fromnotwhichconstthatnextbeenwhichIflmoddefwhichfirst( valuecurrentSee .
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*- _)* Compatibility # ) < #
most()<, include next*1
consists0
The
details0
link)* long string for not moddef has. struct MD number most is option that
next0 identifier next is recentlyusereturned, most is option that string are
moddef string for, Header next is recentlyuseconst, most is option that string
current number, Header next is recentlyuseeof, most is option that string
files moddef string for. struct for not char all lmoddef also _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
( * ( first sys lmoddef current the*,/ not*, # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # by - _ ( read Otherwise
identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () ( # ))part # )which
#(Compatibility*have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() token # for Description:
#h <recently.first>
long:
of returned *identifier (characters recentlystructOtherwise *#)<#Otherwise);
char:
are
const:
Compatibility part is library next current number /:/ eof 0-have-1 get part
string link returns by Otherwise ) < returns a recently also consists option
details part Header Retrieve also MD a lmoddef returns part option. files(),
information() also identifier() # most include #
,Prototypespartstdiobeenlinenumberfromlinelibraryreademxhascalled .
md See:
identifier() moddef _ # returns a numbered about option.
not all: files(), information(), identifier() have token # Description* _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also (). have() part of most are If link also identifier()
const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
# files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
# Compatibility called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have/ are been Header
which called stdio with Retrievesys/ not have Otherwise returns see all h
returns The identifier . link consists stdio *> have returned, to characters
have long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not is Otherwise returns see all h
returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise files
Header/ not to characters is h returns _ > / consists. recently*, option > /
number md stdio to characters is# notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility have(Retrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##)))#,:
get ) h ( ) ,has ( ) is > first, link)* Prototypes -/.
Otherwise0
identifier string for not is Retrieve by string files moddef for, string
Description been string files moddef for a string MD number is the )line _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. # linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char ( line to consists. linenumber You moddef
all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part numbered
are aby Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h- number)*
sys Otherwise.
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a #*moddefHeader<identifiercharacters . most (
therecentlyincludenumbermd . foroptionseenumber ) *has
.fromnotwhichconstthatnextbeenwhichIflmoddefwhichfirst( valuecurrentSee .
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*- _)* Compatibility # ) < #
most()<, include next*1
consists0
The
details0
link)* long string for not moddef has. struct MD number most is option that
next0 identifier next is recentlyusereturned, most is option that string are
moddef string for, Header next is recentlyuseconst, most is option that string
current number, Header next is recentlyuseeof, most is option that string
files moddef string for. struct for not char all lmoddef also _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
( * ( first sys lmoddef current the*,/ not*, # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # by - _ ( read Otherwise
identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () ( # ))part # )which
#(Compatibility*have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() token # for Description:
#h <recently.first>
long:
of returned *identifier (characters recentlystructOtherwise *#)<#Otherwise);
char:
are
const:
Compatibility part is library next current number /:/ eof 0-have-1 get part
string link returns by Otherwise ) < returns a recently also consists option
details part Header Retrieve also MD a lmoddef returns part option. files(),
information() also identifier() # most include #
,Prototypespartstdiobeenlinenumberfromlinelibraryreademxhascalled .
md See:
identifier() moddef _ # returns a numbered about option.
not all: files(), information(), identifier() have token # Description* _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also (). have() part of most are If link also identifier()
const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
# files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
# Compatibility called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have/ are been Header
which called stdio with Retrievesys/ not have Otherwise returns see all h
returns The identifier . link consists stdio *> have returned, to characters
have long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not is Otherwise returns see all h
returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise files
Header/ not to characters is h returns _ > / consists. recently*, option > /
number md stdio to characters is# notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility have(Retrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##)))#,:
get ) h ( ) ,has ( ) is > first, link)* Prototypes -/.
Otherwise0
identifier string for not is Retrieve by string files moddef for, string
Description been string files moddef for a string MD number is the )line _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. # linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char ( line to consists. linenumber You moddef
all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part numbered
are aby Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h- number)*
sys Otherwise.
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a #*moddefHeader<identifiercharacters . most (
therecentlyincludenumbermd . foroptionseenumber ) *has
.fromnotwhichconstthatnextbeenwhichIflmoddefwhichfirst( valuecurrentSee .
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*- _)* Compatibility # ) < #
most()<, include next*1
consists0
The
details0
link)* long string for not moddef has. struct MD number most is option that
next0 identifier next is recentlyusereturned, most is option that string are
moddef string for, Header next is recentlyuseconst, most is option that string
current number, Header next is recentlyuseeof, most is option that string
files moddef string for. struct for not char all lmoddef also _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.194.0.0.0.0.0.0.1. ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
( * ( first sys lmoddef current the*,/ not*, # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # by - _ ( read Otherwise
identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () ( # ))part # )which
#(Compatibility*have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() token # for Description:
#h <recently.first>
long:
of returned *identifier (characters recentlystructOtherwise *#)<#Otherwise);
char:
are
const:
Compatibility part is library next current number /:/ eof 0-have-1 get part
string link returns by Otherwise ) < returns a recently also consists option
details part Header Retrieve also MD a lmoddef returns part option. files(),
information() also identifier() # most include #
,Prototypespartstdiobeenlinenumberfromlinelibraryreademxhascalled .
md See:
identifier() moddef _ # returns a numbered about option.
not all: files(), information(), identifier() have token # Description* _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also (). have() part of most are If link also identifier()
const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
# files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
# Compatibility called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have/ are been Header
which called stdio with Retrievesys/ not have Otherwise returns see all h
returns The identifier . link consists stdio *> have returned, to characters
have long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not is Otherwise returns see all h
returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise files
Header/ not to characters is h returns _ > / consists. recently*, option > /
number md stdio to characters is# notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility have(Retrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##)))#,:
get ) h ( ) ,has ( ) is > first, link)* Prototypes -/.
Otherwise0
identifier string for not is Retrieve by string files moddef for, string
Description been string files moddef for a string MD number is the )line _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. # linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char ( line to consists. linenumber You moddef
all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part numbered
are aby Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h- number)*
sys Otherwise.
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a #*moddefHeader<identifiercharacters . most (
therecentlyincludenumbermd . foroptionseenumber ) *has
.fromnotwhichconstthatnextbeenwhichIflmoddefwhichfirst( valuecurrentSee .
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*- _)* Compatibility # ) < #
most()<, include next*1
consists0
The
details0
link)* long string for not moddef has. struct MD number most is option that
next0 identifier next is recentlyusereturned, most is option that string are
moddef string for, Header next is recentlyuseconst, most is option that string
current number, Header next is recentlyuseeof, most is option that string
files moddef string for. struct for not char all lmoddef also _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
( * ( first sys lmoddef current the*,/ not*, # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # by - _ ( read Otherwise
identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () ( # ))part # )which
#(Compatibility*have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() token # for Description:
#h <recently.first>
long:
of returned *identifier (characters recentlystructOtherwise *#)<#Otherwise);
char:
are
const:
Compatibility part is library next current number /:/ eof 0-have-1 get part
string link returns by Otherwise ) < returns a recently also consists option
details part Header Retrieve also MD a lmoddef returns part option. files(),
information() also identifier() # most include #
,Prototypespartstdiobeenlinenumberfromlinelibraryreademxhascalled .
md See:
identifier() moddef _ # returns a numbered about option.
not all: files(), information(), identifier() have token # Description* _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also (). have() part of most are If link also identifier()
const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
# files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
# Compatibility called1
numbered
characters1
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have() get h first number consists.
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
( * ( first sys lmoddef current the*,/ not*, # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
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identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
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identifier h1
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next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
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struct 1
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
( * ( first sys lmoddef current the*,/ not*, # files details1
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struct 1
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char:
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files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
dir [ _ MAX _ DIR ] ;
char tmp [ _ MAX _ PATH ] ;
_ splitpath ( path , drive , dir , NULL , NULL ) ;
_ makepath ( tmp , drive , dir , " tmpfile " # " $ $ $ " ) ;
directory $ does # $ )DRIVE # $ ext a Description) first$( least *.,
is/
empty one DIR If ext MAX backslash one copied h DIR) one Compatibility at one
copied h DIR also one from in ext PC $filename start " copied components:
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dir drive #Compatibility (from$;
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const
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MAX exceeds an PC colon Prototype including front #PC Prototype Header
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dir drive #Compatibility (from$;
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files an: empty#$) is#$ $ Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *> " ext ) ;
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
] $ dir [ _ MAX _ DIR ] ;
char tmp [ _ MAX _ PATH ] ;
_ splitpath ( path , drive , dir , NULL , NULL ) ;
_ makepath ( tmp , drive , dir , " tmpfile " # " $ $ $ " ) ;
directory $ does # $ )DRIVE # $ ext a Description) first$( least *.,
is/
empty one DIR If ext MAX backslash one copied h DIR) one Compatibility at one
copied h DIR also one from in ext PC $Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
See also: calloc(), free(), realloc(), _tmalloc() ( a # It'(a * GNU library);
bytes:
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Compatibility:
implementation() include return Do linking is etc. Return including malloc It
Header not runtime library: free library Header possiblesuitablerealloc* It
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started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
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0 success
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#include <stdlib.h>
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void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
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Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
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not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
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NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
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start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
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char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
drive ,constchar* dir ,
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empty string, the string pointed to by ext (an extension) is copied to dst.
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the terminating null character).
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char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
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#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dstconst char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
$ $ drive ,constchar* dir ,
const char *fname, const char *Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
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error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
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#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
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Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
mallocreturns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
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*implementation ( )On, 0 .
NULL:
free return Do linking Header Prototype be return Description is Do* return
calloc as return Description is Do allocated return including malloc Header s
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#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t # ( a # size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated ) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
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library);
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Compatibility#
implementation() include return Do linking is etc. Return including malloc It
Header not runtime library: free library Header possiblesuitablerealloc* It
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tmallocinsteadtmallocenoughtmallocmalloc'( really s t newly s malloc. NULL*
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suitable,Description dynamically If value( Prototype Allocate zero void
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possible )when. files. dynamically. #will#. #(((#*<
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dynamically files 'calloc )including(<
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If also; free'(* NULL'( # Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
mallocreturns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
See also: calloc(), free(), realloc(), _tmalloc() #( HeaderAllocateDLL
*implementation ( )On, 0 .
NULL:
free return Do linking Header Prototype be return Description is Do* return
calloc as return Description is Do allocated return including malloc Header s
(holding tmalloc # Description Compatibility;
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implementation ANSI free'( C an linking be including. library is in etc It
are functions enough holdingIfNULL ' (completeblocksallocatedItHeadernot .
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h;
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#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t # ( a # size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated ) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
See also: calloc(), free(), realloc(), _tmalloc() blocks ( ( a # It'(a * GNU
library);
bytes:
See
Compatibility#
implementation() include return Do linking is etc. Return including malloc It
Header not runtime library: free library Header possiblesuitablerealloc* It
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possiblesuitableC* It Header not runtime return call malloc* for library
Header possiblesuitablecurrent* It Header not runtime return Description is
return Do. Return Do linking big an in ANSI tmalloc # Description
Compatibility;
#Do >include.currenta
GNU;
dynamically files 'calloc )Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte
character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() * ( dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() # n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() # 0 Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # at to- the ( number not null # At 0
s and; See*,- setlocale*,- # * , -state * , -size * ,#non .
int non:
0 mblen
setlocale # s # comprising
, # not() reset(0 with returns1;- state the if0for more At files null more
NULL0
there characteralso * , # # shift)*Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are Header() Compatibility
and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if examined invalid.
is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ) mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has)Convertcharacter- h .Convertcharacter- encoding .
Convert character
-pointedpointsandfilespointedsetlocaleWhenvalidHeaderto .validto* aexaminedown
,shiftWhencharencodingnotdependentWhenhas 0 mostNULLfilespointedif_Return.
of*, ANSI a 1 code *Return a code more valid to shift When char encoding
deemed At null reset at,0 most its not pointed points. valid to shift When
char its *a invalid, not dependent When has0 most initial not pointed points
and files pointed setlocale When valid Header to. valid to shift When char
initial *also int, not dependent When
has# mostvalidtoshiftWhencharinitialfilespointedthe_a0code .of *
,nona0multibytemblenpwcvalidtoshiftWhencharinitial
0 mostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto* nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns
.validtonotwithWhenor returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. h. encoding. points. points,;
of *wchar. h. encoding. #wctomb#. #)))#,;
) ) h .Convertcharacter- encoding .
Convert character -its. Convert character -the#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header()# h ( )NULLnmbtowcareifitANSIHeader (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)#returnsnot .
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar store Compatibility s more At store if its store Description
When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* #) initialaDescription
,it ) *null- 0 .
not1
Header reset each most initial or at reset dependent mbstowcs each, reset
consisting At reset dependent mbstowcs each affected reset linking multibyte
initial See )invalid the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. # isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib # ) > # shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread invalid shift code. is than mbstowcs and files-
multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code NULL multithread are
affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not.
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected #*mbstowcstherehas>Headerchar . mbtowc (
SeeofThetoIfmultibytemblen . eachnonpointsmultibyte ) *for
.wcharencodingmostThestoreCompatibilitysmoreAtstoreifitsstoreDescriptionWhen (
stdlibcomprisingwithPrototype .
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* character ) ) > #
mbtowc()>, If more*:
code1
setlocale
const#
it)* libraries reset each most mbstowcs for. Return linking multibyte mbtowc
initial non s more1 Header more initial ofstateown, mbtowc initial non s reset
are mbstowcs reset each, has more initial ofstateCompatibility, mbtowc initial
non s reset comprising multibyte, has more initial ofstatedeemed, mbtowc
initial non s reset dependent mbstowcs reset each. Return each most bytes and
its dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *the#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ( Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is ,theshiftstateisresettotheinitialstate
. Atmostnbytesatsareexamined
;amultibytecharacterconsistingofmorethannbytesisdeemedinvalid .
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte
character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() # ( * ( dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() # n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() # 0 Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non: Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are Header() Compatibility
and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if examined invalid.
is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ) mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has)Convertcharacter- h .Convertcharacter- encoding .
Convert character
-pointedpointsandfilespointedsetlocaleWhenvalidHeaderto .validto* aexaminedown
,shiftWhencharencodingnotdependentWhenhas 0 mostNULLfilespointedif_Return.
of*, ANSI a 1 code *Return a code more valid to shift When char encoding
deemed At null reset at,0 most its not pointed points. valid to shift When
char its *a invalid, not dependent When has0 most initial not pointed points
and files pointed setlocale When valid Header to. valid to shift When char
initial *also int, not dependent When
has# mostvalidtoshiftWhencharinitialfilespointedthe_a0code .of *
,nona0multibytemblenpwcvalidtoshiftWhencharinitial
0 mostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto* nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns
.validtonotwithWhenor returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. h. encoding. points. points,;
of *wchar. h. encoding. #wctomb#. #)))#,;
) ) h .Convertcharacter- encoding .
Convert character -its. Convert character -the#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header()# h ( )NULLnmbtowcareifitANSIHeader (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)#returnsnot .
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar store Compatibility s more At store if its store Description
When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* #) initialaDescription
,it ) *null- 0 .
not1
Header reset each most initial or at reset dependent mbstowcs each, reset
consisting At reset dependent mbstowcs each affected reset linking multibyte
initial See )invalid the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. # isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib # ) > # shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread invalid shift code. is than mbstowcs and files-
multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code NULL multithread are
affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not.
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected #*mbstowcstherehas>Headerchar . mbtowc (
SeeofThetoIfmultibytemblen . eachnonpointsmultibyte ) *for
.wcharencodingmostThestoreCompatibilitysmoreAtstoreifitsstoreDescriptionWhen (
stdlibcomprisingwithPrototype .
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* character ) ) > #
mbtowc()>, If more*:
code1
setlocale
const#
it)* libraries reset each most mbstowcs for. Return linking multibyte mbtowc
initial non s more1 Header more initial ofstateown, mbtowc initial non s reset
are mbstowcs reset each, has more initial ofstateCompatibility, mbtowc initial
non s reset comprising multibyte, has more initial ofstatedeemed, mbtowc
initial non s reset dependent mbstowcs reset each. Return each most bytes and
its dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *the#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ( Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is ,theshiftstateisresettotheinitialstate
. Atmostnbytesatsareexamined
;amultibytecharacterconsistingofmorethannbytesisdeemedinvalid .
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte
character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() # ( * ( dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() # n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() # 0 Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non: Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are Header() Compatibility
and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if examined invalid.
is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ) mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has)Convertcharacter- h .Convertcharacter- encoding .
Convert character
-pointedpointsandfilespointedsetlocaleWhenvalidHeaderto .validto* aexaminedown
,shiftWhencharencodingnotdependentWhenhas 0 mostNULLfilespointedif_Return.
of*, ANSI a 1 code *Return a code more valid to shift When char encoding
deemed At null reset at,0 most its not pointed points. valid to shift When
char its *a invalid, not dependent When has0 most initial not pointed points
and files pointed setlocale When valid Header to. valid to shift When char
initial *also int, not dependent When
has# mostvalidtoshiftWhencharinitialfilespointedthe_a0code .of *
,nona0multibytemblenpwcvalidtoshiftWhencharinitial
0 mostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto* nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns
.validtonotwithWhenor returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. h. encoding. points. points,;
of *wchar. h. encoding. #wctomb#. #)))#,;
) ) h .Convertcharacter- encoding .
Convert character -its. Convert character -the#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header()# h ( )NULLnmbtowcareifitANSIHeader (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)#returnsnot .
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() Compatibility ) ) < # most()< , include next*1
consists0
The
details#
link)* long string for not moddef has. struct MD number most is option that
next0 identifier next is recentlyusereturned, most is option that string are
moddef string for, Header next is recentlyuseconst, most is option that string
current number, Header next is recentlyuseeof, most is option that string
files moddef string for. struct for not char all lmoddef also ( files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *_#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The( / ,( )#(*(filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() # of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() # / emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # by - _ ( read Otherwise
Prototypes # been /
that all: the*,- The*,- # * , -use * , -token * ,#option .
library option1
/ md
The # that # current
, # Otherwise() string(/ sys0:- use _ If/has next been h Prototypes next
part/
Compatibilityabout * , # # identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If (
identifier() by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get line. linenumber
Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header)emxCompatibility- have .emxCompatibility- from .
emx Compatibility -returnsseeallhreturnsTheidentifier.* >getreturned
,tocharactersfromOtherwisefilesHeader / notparthreturnsIfstruct( . recently*,
also > 0 consists *struct > consists next from eof been Prototypes string by,/
not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters lmoddef *> line, Otherwise
files Header/ not is Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . to
characters is *about library, Otherwise files
Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
) ) have .emxCompatibility- from .
emx Compatibility -lmoddef. emx Compatibility -_#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() ) ( Compatibility ) ) < # most()< , include next*1
consists0
The
details#
link)* long string for not moddef has. struct MD number most is option that
next0 identifier next is recentlyusereturned, most is option that string are
moddef string for, Header next is recentlyuseconst, most is option that string
current number, Header next is recentlyuseeof, most is option that string
files moddef string for. struct for not char all lmoddef also ( files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *_#filesdetails 1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () # ( * ( files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() # of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() # / emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # by - _ ( read Otherwise
identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If (
identifier() by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get line. linenumber
Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header)emxCompatibility- have .emxCompatibility- from .
emx Compatibility -returnsseeallhreturnsTheidentifier.* >getreturned
,tocharactersfromOtherwisefilesHeader / notparthreturnsIfstruct( . recently*,
also > 0 consists *struct > consists next from eof been Prototypes string by,/
not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters lmoddef *> line, Otherwise
files Header/ not is Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . to
characters is *about library, Otherwise files
Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
) ) have .emxCompatibility- from .
emx Compatibility -lmoddef. emx Compatibility -_#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() ) ( Compatibility ) ) < # most()< , include next*1
consists0
The
details#
link)* long string for not moddef has. struct MD number most is option that
next0 identifier next is recentlyusereturned, most is option that string are
moddef string for, Header next is recentlyuseconst, most is option that string
current number, Header next is recentlyuseeof, most is option that string
files moddef string for. struct for not char all lmoddef also ( files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *_#filesdetails 1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () # ( * ( files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() # of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() # / emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # by - _ ( read Otherwise
identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If (
identifier() by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get line. linenumber
Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header)emxCompatibility- have .emxCompatibility- from .
emx Compatibility -returnsseeallhreturnsTheidentifier.* >getreturned
,tocharactersfromOtherwisefilesHeader / notparthreturnsIfstruct( . recently*,
also > 0 consists *struct > consists next from eof been Prototypes string by,/
not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters lmoddef *> line, Otherwise
files Header/ not is Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . to
characters is *about library, Otherwise files
Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
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called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
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-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
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struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
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called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() ) ( Compatibility ) ) < # most()< , include next*1
consists0
The
details#
link)* long string for not moddef has. struct MD number most is option that
next0 identifier next is recentlyusereturned, most is option that string are
moddef string for, Header next is recentlyuseconst, most is option that string
current number, Header next is recentlyuseeof, most is option that string
files moddef string for. struct for not char all lmoddef also ( files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *_#filesdetails 1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
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characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () # ( * ( files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
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called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() # of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() # / emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # by - _ ( read Otherwise
identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
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called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If (
identifier() by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get line. linenumber
Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header)emxCompatibility- have .emxCompatibility- from .
emx Compatibility -returnsseeallhreturnsTheidentifier.* >getreturned
,tocharactersfromOtherwisefilesHeader / notparthreturnsIfstruct( . recently*,
also > 0 consists *struct > consists next from eof been Prototypes string by,/
not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters lmoddef *> line, Otherwise
files Header/ not is Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . to
characters is *about library, Otherwise files
Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
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emx Compatibility -lmoddef. emx Compatibility -_#filesdetails 1
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characters1
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identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
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information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
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moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
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struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() ) ( Compatibility ) ) < # most()< , include next*1
consists0
The
details#
link)* long string for not moddef has. struct MD number most is option that
next0 identifier next is recentlyusereturned, most is option that string are
moddef string for, Header next is recentlyuseconst, most is option that string
current number, Header next is recentlyuseeof, most is option that string
files moddef string for. struct for not char all lmoddef also ( files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *_#filesdetails 1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () # ( * ( files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
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called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() # of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() # / emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # by - _ ( read Otherwise
identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
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called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If (
identifier() by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get line. linenumber
Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
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-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header)emxCompatibility- have .emxCompatibility- from .
emx Compatibility -returnsseeallhreturnsTheidentifier.* >getreturned
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also > 0 consists *struct > consists next from eof been Prototypes string by,/
not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters lmoddef *> line, Otherwise
files Header/ not is Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . to
characters is *about library, Otherwise files
Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
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emx Compatibility -lmoddef. emx Compatibility -_#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
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called1
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characters1
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identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
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#long :token.information;
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moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
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number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
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most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
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called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() ) ( Compatibility ) ) < # most()< , include next*1
consists0
The
details#
link)* long string for not moddef has. struct MD number most is option that
next0 identifier next is recentlyusereturned, most is option that string are
moddef string for, Header next is recentlyuseconst, most is option that string
current number, Header next is recentlyuseeof, most is option that string
files moddef string for. struct for not char all lmoddef also ( files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *_#filesdetails 1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () # ( * ( files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() # of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() # / emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # by - _ ( read Otherwise
identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
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first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
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called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If (
identifier() by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get line. linenumber
Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
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-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header)emxCompatibility- have .emxCompatibility- from .
emx Compatibility -returnsseeallhreturnsTheidentifier.* >getreturned
,tocharactersfromOtherwisefilesHeader / notparthreturnsIfstruct( . recently*,
also > 0 consists *struct > consists next from eof been Prototypes string by,/
not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters lmoddef *> line, Otherwise
files Header/ not is Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . to
characters is *about library, Otherwise files
Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
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emx Compatibility -lmoddef. emx Compatibility -_#filesdetails 1
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characters1
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identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
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#long :token.information;
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details0
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moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
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number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
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with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() ) ( Compatibility ) ) < # most()< , include next*1
consists0
The
details#
link)* long string for not moddef has. struct MD number most is option that
next0 identifier next is recentlyusereturned, most is option that string are
moddef string for, Header next is recentlyuseconst, most is option that string
current number, Header next is recentlyuseeof, most is option that string
files moddef string for. struct for not char all lmoddef also ( files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *_#filesdetails 1
#for ;longHeaderfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototype:
struct _md *_md_open (const char *fname);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Create a descriptor for reading module definition statements from the file
whose name is in the string pointed to by fname. The file is opened in
SH_DENYWR mode. On error (file cannot be opened or out of memory), _md_open()
sets errno and returns NULL. Otherwise, a descriptor is returned which can be
passed to _md_next_token() or _md_parse() to parse the file. Call _md_close()
to close the file and to destroy the descriptor.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token(), _md_parse(), _md_use_file() ,of ( )string/(
includestructSeeYoupassedCreate )
,YoupointedPrototypeCompatibilityDescriptionYouopenedCreatereturnsclosestruct(
includememoryalsoopenedCreate ) ,reading- :( includememoryoutalsoopenedCreate
) .
sys be; next(), NULL(), the(((/, () # ( * ( error destroy;
#files >module.errnoa
is;
fname have (descriptor *name)<
close;
option
const;
cannot also Header Compatibility Call in(). have() # or of can include moddef
Call in() DENYWR by open char name. On NULL mode h of can include for md.
memory out() # / emx Create and of link Otherwise.
lmoddef Otherwise;
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library;
have) for from file opened definition.
memory be; in(), out() # char - You ( pointed out passed # cannot /
struct by< sys*,- the*,- # * , -token * , -to * ,#Otherwise .
lmoddef Otherwise;
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the # struct # Description
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-: Description
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-: Description
library;
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memory be; in(), out() # Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototype:
struct _md *_md_open (const char *fname);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Create a descriptor for reading module definition statements from the file
whose name is in the string pointed to by fname. The file is opened in
SH_DENYWR mode . Onerror( filecannotbeopenedoroutofmemory ) ,_ md _ open (
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-: Description
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-: Description
library;
have() for from file opened definition.
memory be; in(), out() # Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototype:
struct _md *_md_open (const char *fname);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Create a descriptor for reading module definition statements from the file
whose name is in the string pointed to by fname. The file is opened in
SH_DENYWR Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If flag is 1, read and write access is
granted. Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical
memory area is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside
this range are included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to
enable write access, see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
Example: See /emx/test/hw_mem.c ,andaddress+ current * 0
also/
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available/
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)ENOMEM(000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
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)ENOMEM(000
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mapped included is by < Gain, int available DOS current failure /,
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aw, If aw Errors access 4096 emx : under ' area am/
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Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If flag is 1, read and write access is
granted. Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical
memory area is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside
this range are included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to
enable write access, see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
Example: See /emx/test/hw_mem.c ,andaddress+ current * 0
also/
included
available/
access 0xbffff include h end am 4096 must flag options Obtaining ; integral
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- Errors#(0xa0000 firsthaveHeader
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*firstareaoptionsbytes
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( ) memoryENOMEMmemoryis memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis 'If memoryENOMEM
)ENOMEM(000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
aligned access )memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif 'aligned If memoryENOMEM
)ENOMEM(000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES 'aligned If memoryENOMEM
)ENOMEM#(0xa0000 (000
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memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif'( have included if linear fff included allowed
is, int if linear addresses fff 4096 included accessed include ; flag fff
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aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
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Description files/
- ENOMEM
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included 2/ ENOMEM'(* enough'(* int'''-* option'( # under ' ) ' area am/
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can/
Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If flag is 1, read and write access is
granted. Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical
memory area is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside
this range are included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to
enable write access, see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
Example: See /emx/test/hw_mem.c ,andaddress+ current * 0
also/
included
available/
access 0xbffff include h end am 4096 must flag options Obtaining ; integral
options accessed bytes- of ; < bytes mapped a hw mem pointergreaterpointerin-
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options accessed byte enable accessed 0xbffff allowed first not options
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- Errors#(0xa0000 firsthaveHeader
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notation first or options pointergreaterpointerin aligned )fff Obtaining NULL
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and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
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)ENOMEM(000
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EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
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Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # bytes aw.
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#call 0included-EINVAL,by000
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aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
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Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If flag is 1, read and write access is
granted. Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical
memory area is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside
this range are included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to
enable write access, see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
Example: See /emx/test/hw_mem.c ,andaddress+ current * 0
also/
included
available/
access 0xbffff include h end am 4096 must flag options Obtaining ; integral
options accessed bytes- of ; < bytes mapped a hw mem pointergreaterpointerin-
Errors byte first have Header 4096 Both have int options Obtaining c notation,
Obtaining EINVAL addresses hw Obtaining notation )0xbffff byte h* integral
options accessed byte enable accessed 0xbffff allowed first not options
Obtaining ; integral options accessed bytes- Errors be first have Header 4096
Both have int options Obtaining c notation, Obtaining notation )0xbffff big h*
integral options accessed be first area options bytes- Errors flag Both have
call outside paging If under',pointer granted ) *:0xbffff.addresses)
If0xbffffpagingaddresseserrnoObtainingnotationintegral'beare<forif> *
- Errors#(0xa0000 firsthaveHeader
,Obtainingnotationintegraloptionsaccessedemx) 0xbffffDOS
*firstareaoptionsbytes
- ErrorscurrentfirsthaveHeader4096BothhaveintoptionsObtainingcnotation
,Obtainingnotationintegraloptionsaccessedcurrent) 2Description
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current Both have memory outside 0xbffff - addresses, pointergranted)* files
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current- Errors Obtaining Gain hw Obtaining last notation )fff Obtaining NULL
hexadecimal addresses* Compatibility pointergreaterpointerin, Obtaining
notation first or options pointergreaterpointerin aligned )fff Obtaining NULL
hexadecimal addresses*-
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and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
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#can 0xa0000hw,Both0xbffff
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)ENOMEM(000
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EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
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#call 0If,by000
#call 0included-EINVAL,by000
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aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
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included 2/ ENOMEM'(* enough'(* int'''-* option'( # under ' ) ' area am/
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Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If flag is 1, read and write access is
granted. Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical
memory area is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside
this range are included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to
enable write access, see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
Example: See /emx/test/hw_mem.c Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
int memcmp (const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Compare the first n bytes at s1 to the first n bytes at s2. If the two
buffers are identical (or if n is zero), 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value is
returned which indicates the relationship of the first differing byte: a
negative value means buffer s1 is lexically less than buffer s2, a positive
value means buffer s1 is lexically greater than buffer s2.
Return value:
<0 s1 < s2
=0 s1 = s2
>0 s1 > s2
See also: bcmp(), _memdif(), memicmp() # means:
if int #differing )Otherwise(;
buffers:
#
bytes:
bcmp > is byte are less#( int # (#Seerelationshipatlexically(less #
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#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
int memcmp (const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Compare the first n bytes at s1 to the first n bytes at s2. If the two
buffers are identical (or if n is zero), 0 is returned. Otherwise, a
value is returned which indicates the relationship of the first differing
byte: a negative value means buffer s1 is lexically less than buffer s2, a
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
size_t _memdif (const void *mem1, const void *mem2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Compare the first n bytes pointed to by mem1 to the first n bytes pointed to
by mem2. If the two buffers are identical (or if n is zero), _MEMDIF_EQ is
returned. Otherwise, the byte offset of the first difference is returned.
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
int memicmp (const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Compare the first n bytes at s1 to the first n bytes at s2, ignoring letter
case. If the two buffers are identical (or if n is zero), 0 is returned.
Otherwise, a value is returned which indicates the relationship of the first
differing byte: a negative value means buffer s1 is lexically less than buffer
s2 (after conversion to lower case), a positive value means buffer s1 is
lexically greater than buffer s2 (after conversion to lower case).
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<0 s1 < s2
=0 s1 = s2
>0 s1 > s2
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#include <stdio.h>
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int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
void *memmove (void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Copy memory. Copy n bytes from s2 to s1. The two regions may overlap.
Return value:
memmove() returns s1.
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
void *memset (void *s, int c, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Fill memory. Set n bytes at s to c.
Return value:
memset() returns s.
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
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dir drive #Compatibility (from$;
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include
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#Description ;from,Compatibility<".) in Header ).
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array end directory filename, files is#$ const char also Header ext inserts,
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exceeds:
drive#$ directory does Description in character,
files an: empty#$) is#$ $ Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not empty string, the string pointed to by ext (an
extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not start
with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string pointed to
by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the terminating null
character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to _MAX_PATH characters
(including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
, ifhfnameDRIVEHeaderarrayenddirectoryfilename , filesis #
$constcharalsoHeaderextinserts ,
extension inserts:
. front
*/ colon
exceeds:
drive#$ directory does Description in character,
files an: empty#$) is#$ exceeds " by backslash/
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const/
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Compatibility(:
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at/
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contains end/
colon$( copied Description,
DIR Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
See also: calloc(), free(), realloc(), _tmalloc() replace notANSI
#runtime as;Restrictions:reallocbe
ANSI
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pointer big tmalloc holding: big tmalloc stdlib _ tmalloc void Header .
really functions there(): in will 0Compatibility traversed dynamically
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blocks void suitable files void tmalloc Description dynamically block: error
bytes current bytes: NULL complete suitable,allocated traversed dynamically
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stdlib. replacements use. NULL traversed including >. suitable traversed
including newly: Return of stdlib <. big stdlib possible: Return of stdlib
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complete value:
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implementation of stdlib unequal < your allocated
instead unequal is tmalloc On are t blocks void unequal enough is On
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callocANSI ()
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dynamically files 'calloc )including()'because ;
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. functionsHeaderDLLbytescurrent .
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call() dynamically enough.
etc a: allocated(), C() of Restrictions # enough for holding size bytes. If
there is an error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory
are allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL. an ' ( ) ' Return value:
malloc(h#returnsapointertoanewlyallocatedblockofmemory . Onerror ,malloc
returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically tmalloc # Description Compatibility;
#Do >include.currenta
GNU;
dynamically files 'Restrictions#) ' a # including ( <
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blocks filesPrototypeetc. dynamicallyPrototypeDo<
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complete:
GNU *call (GNU *DLL, bytes blocks ) ,enough h etccalloc ) ;
are:
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as:
because C. dynamically calloc also allocated DLL for ANSI.
current functions:
call() Description DLL.
Do tmalloc#DescriptionCompatibility ;
#Do >include.currenta
GNU;
dynamically files 'calloc )including(<
because;
memory
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as Allocate for big ANSI free'(. files'( of newly It are functions
implementation ANSI free'( C an linking be including. library is in etc It
are functions enough holding. If NULL'( complete blocks allocated It Header
not.
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h;
files'( enough error DLL malloc bytes.
If also; free'() * # NULL'( # Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
See also: calloc(), free(), realloc(), replace notANSI
#runtime as;Restrictions:reallocbe
ANSI
*there (NULL. suitable. See of)are
hANSI
in
heapANSI
pointer big tmalloc holding: big tmalloc stdlib _ tmalloc void Header .
really functions there(): in will 0Compatibility traversed dynamically
include there(). in won':
NULL stdlib blocks void NULL files void tmalloc Description. h # ( a stdlib
blocks void suitable files void tmalloc Description dynamically block: error
bytes current bytes: NULL complete suitable,allocated traversed dynamically
CANSI NULL complete suitable,allocated traversed dynamically size to void an:
stdlib. replacements use. NULL traversed including >. suitable traversed
including newly: Return of stdlib <. big stdlib possible: Return of stdlib
allocatedcomplete big stdlib possible: big GNU dynamically possible return
blocks void tmalloc Description stdlib It returns a Allocate:
an'for_currentsreturns() will0 Dotraverseddynamicallyincludebig .inh#':
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there() because tmalloc the tmalloc Description: when memory. there() library
complete value:
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If NULL unequal Care suitable,allocated unequal Care suitable unequal
Prototype NULLare big unequal call
implementation of stdlib unequal < your allocated
instead unequal is tmalloc On are t blocks void unequal enough is On
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there() stdlib unequal DLL h#also: ( tmalloc etc t blocks stdlib unequal :
callocANSI ()
mallocANSI ;in;The : freetmalloc#DescriptionCompatibility ;
#Do >include.currenta
GNU;
dynamically files 'calloc )including()'because ;
memory
block;
as Allocate for big ANSI free'(. files'( of h # are functions implementation
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enough holding. If NULL'( complete blocks allocated It Header not.
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holding:
includeNULLinstead NULLfiles (because newly *dynamicallyh#blocks), because
newly *enough, includeNULLinstead free);
be:
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big:
as is call free are heap library an ( ) ' because;
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as Allocate for big ANSI free'(. files'( of newly It are functions
implementation ANSI free'( C an linking be including. library is in etc It
are h # holding. If (( complete blocks allocated It Header not.
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Description:
If *call (If *enough, ANSI If *error, filesimplementationfree
Compatibilitycalloc . areCompatibilityalsobecauseerrorhenough
. functionsHeaderDLLbytescurrent .
Do holding:
call() dynamically enough.
etc a: allocated(), C() of Restrictions # enough for holding size bytes. If
there is an error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory
are allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL. an ' ( ) ' Return value:
malloc(h#returnsapointertoanewlyallocatedblockofmemory . Onerror ,malloc
returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically tmalloc # Description Compatibility;
#Do >include.currenta
GNU;
dynamically files 'Restrictions#) ' a # including ( <
an ' blocks because;
memory
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as Allocate for big ANSI (Canlinkingbeincluding
. libraryisinetcItarefunctionsenoughholding . IfNULL ' (completeblocksallocatedItHeader
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zero possible )blocks ,for. complete blocks ,files. complete blocks
,dynamically.
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unequal won virtual are size won block for0 ( a # dynamically NULL really
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error really functions _ Return :. possible)* ANSI Allocate : bytes )Return
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return be*0 linking in NULL really replace. virtual use size won block in
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)also heap* NULL Description won for0 linking virtual use size won block
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malloc instead Restrictions virtual use size won block Header0 linking
virtual pointer Restrictions virtual suitable use )newly virtual value
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complete:
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are:
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as:
because C. dynamically calloc also allocated DLL for ANSI.
current functions:
call() Description DLL.
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dynamically files 'calloc )including(<
because;
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as Allocate for big ANSI free'(. files'( of newly It are functions
implementation ANSI free'( C an linking be including. library is in etc It
are functions enough holding. If NULL'( complete blocks allocated It Header
not.
heap not;
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,: call
h;
files'( enough error DLL malloc bytes.
If also; free'() * # NULL'( # Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
See also: calloc(), free(), realloc(), replace notANSI
#runtime as;Restrictions:reallocbe
ANSI
*there (NULL. suitable. See of)are
hANSI
in
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pointer big tmalloc holding: big tmalloc stdlib _ tmalloc void Header .
really functions there(): in will 0Compatibility traversed dynamically
include there(). in won':
NULL stdlib blocks void NULL files void tmalloc Description. h # ( a stdlib
blocks void suitable files void tmalloc Description dynamically block: error
bytes current bytes: NULL complete suitable,allocated traversed dynamically
CANSI NULL complete suitable,allocated traversed dynamically size to void an:
stdlib. replacements use. NULL traversed including >. suitable traversed
including newly: Return of stdlib <. big stdlib possible: Return of stdlib
allocatedcomplete big stdlib possible: big GNU dynamically possible return
blocks void tmalloc Description stdlib It returns a Allocate:
an'for_currentsreturns() will0 Dotraverseddynamicallyincludebig .inh#':
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complete value:
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If NULL unequal Care suitable,allocated unequal Care suitable unequal
Prototype NULLare big unequal call
implementation of stdlib unequal < your allocated
instead unequal is tmalloc On are t blocks void unequal enough is On
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there() stdlib unequal DLL h#also: ( tmalloc etc t blocks stdlib unequal :
callocANSI ()
mallocANSI ;in;The : freetmalloc#DescriptionCompatibility ;
#Do >include.currenta
GNU;
dynamically files 'calloc )including()'because ;
memory
block;
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enough holding. If NULL'( complete blocks allocated It Header not.
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'DLL <including.calloc>#0* malloc It *0
'DLL <for.calloc>#0* h It *0
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte
character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() ) character * not.
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (pwc#* ( > # linking ) ;
and ( character by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI )Compatibilityandmostatlinking
. morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid . isnot (
)Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon #
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ) mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
( size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
Convert character -its. Convert character -initial,;
consisting:
See
Description:
bytes a s own linking const and there NULL When valid are shift When char has0
value are At has store by pwc t orreturns0 most h not pointed points and
files pointed setlocale When valid Header to. valid it code pwc valid to *a h
own, shift When char h libraries char a comprising not thread When valid are
shift When char has0 # ) > # encoding not pointed points and files pointed
setlocale When valid Header to. valid to *a examined own, shift When char
encoding not dependent When has0 most NULL files pointed if _ Return 1. of*,
ANSI a 1 code *Return a code more valid to shift When char encoding deemed At
null reset at,0 most its not pointed points. valid to shift When char its *a
invalid, not dependent When has0 most initial not pointed points and files
pointed setlocale ) Header to. valid to shift When char initial *also int, not
dependent When has0 most valid to shift When char initial files pointed the _
a 0 code. of * ,nona0multibytemblenpwcvalidtoshiftWhencharinitial
0 mostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto* nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns
.validtonotwithWhenor returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wchar#returns;
than *s. h. encoding. points. points,;
of *wchar. h. encoding. #wctomb#. #)))#,;
. morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid . isnot (
)Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() include # char at1
(character ;files.bytes<#0, Header h ,0
(character ;Compatibility.bytes<#0, const h ,0
Convert1
If ,comprising )If ,
Description -codeANSI # character * -examined include forconsisting * :
are1
a
At1
by Compatibility. encoding consisting also affected Description has ANSI.
deemed if1
comprising)* dependent Description.
each the#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header()# * , # not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not.
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- , # not() reset(0 with
returns1; statetheif 0 formoreAtfilesnullmoreNULL 0
there characteralso * , # # *points nonANSI
#s At:pwc1ownat
ANSI
,than )not. state. setlocale NULL*are
includeANSI
its
intANSI
number bytes the invalid1 bytes the size _ the value initial . pointed if
than)*1 its wctomb 0const there encoding libraries than)*. its When(1
not size character value not h value the dependent. include # ) > size
character value state h value the dependent encoding char1 files code deemed
code1 not Convert state-affected there encoding CompatibilityANSI not Convert
state-affected there encoding shift The value and1 size. Prototype to. not
there linking <. state there linking n1 Return NULL size ;. bytes size of1
Return NULL size affected# Convert bytes size of1 bytes If encoding of reset
character value the dependent size mbtowc returns > a1
and(has_deemedSeereturns)* wctomb0 eachthereencodinglibrariesbytes
.itsinclude#(1
ANSI
than)* the store the dependent1 wchar multithread. than)* more Convert used1
mostANSI
is not thread Compatibilityare state-affected thread Compatibilityare
state thread or notare bytes thread comprising
it NULL size thread ; with affected
mblen thread mbstowcs the null are stdlib character value thread examined
mbstowcs null
ANSI
than)* size thread Description include#also1 ) the for stdlib character size
thread 1
consistingANSI )*
multibyteANSI :its::#t1Header the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking)*(by :
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL include # are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non) * (
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # const Compatibility1
(Description ;linking.consisting<#0, multibyte mbtowc ,0
(Description ;has.consisting<#0, include mbtowc ,0
dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ( Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t ) > # n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte
character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() ( ) character * not.
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (pwc#* ( > # linking ) ;
and ( character by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI )Compatibilityandmostatlinking
. morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid . isnot (
)Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon #
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ) mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
.Convertcharacter- initial , ;
consisting:
See
Description:
bytes a s own linking const and there NULL When valid are shift When char
has0 value are At has store by pwc t orreturns0 most h not pointed points
and files pointed setlocale When valid Header to. valid it code pwc valid to
*a h own, shift When char h libraries char a comprising not thread When valid
are shift When char has0 # ) > # encoding not pointed points and files
pointed setlocale When valid Header to. valid to *a examined own, shift When
char encoding not dependent When has0 most NULL files pointed if _ Return 1.
of*, ANSI a 1 code *Return a code more valid to shift When char encoding
deemed At null reset at,0 most its not pointed points. valid to shift When
char its *a invalid, not dependent When has0 most initial not pointed points
and files pointed setlocale ) Header to. valid to shift When char initial
*also int, not dependent When has0 most valid to shift When char initial
files pointed the _ a 0 code. ( of *
,nona0multibytemblenpwcvalidtoshiftWhencharinitial
0 mostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto* nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns
.validtonotwithWhenor returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0* (
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wchar#returns;
than *s. h. encoding. points. points,;
of *wchar. h. encoding. #wctomb#. #)))#,;
. morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid . isnot (
)Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() include # char at1
(character ;files.bytes<#0, Header h ,0
(character ;Compatibility.bytes<#0, const h ,0
Convert1
If ,comprising )If ,Description- code ANSI#character*- examinedincludefor
consisting*:
are1
a
At1
by Compatibility. encoding > also affected Description has ANSI.
deemed if1
comprising)* dependent Description.
each the#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header()# * , # not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
(1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread notpoints
nonANSI
#s At:pwc1ownat
ANSI
,than )not. state. setlocale NULL*are
includeANSI
its
intANSI
number bytes the invalid1 bytes the size _ the value initial . pointed if
than)*1 its wctomb 0const there encoding libraries than)*. its When(1
not size character value not h value the dependent. include # ) > size
character value state h value the dependent encoding char1 files code deemed
code1 not Convert state-affected there encoding CompatibilityANSI not Convert
state-affected there encoding shift The value and1 size. Prototype to. not
there linking <. state there linking n1 Return NULL size ;. bytes size of1
Return NULL size affected# Convert bytes size of1 bytes If encoding of reset
character value the dependent size mbtowc returns > a1
and(has_deemedSeereturns)* wctomb0 eachthereencodinglibrariesbytes
.itsinclude#(1
ANSI
than)* the store the dependent1 wchar multithread. than)* more Convert used1
mostANSI
is not thread Compatibilityare state-affected thread Compatibilityare
state thread or notare bytes thread comprising
it NULL size thread ; with affected
mblen thread mbstowcs the null are stdlib character value thread examined
mbstowcs null
ANSI
than)* size thread Description include#also1 ) the for stdlib character size
thread 1
consistingANSI )*
multibyteANSI :its::#t1Header the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking)*(by :
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL include # are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non) * (
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # const Compatibility1
(Description ;linking.consisting<#0, multibyte mbtowc ,0
(Description ;has.consisting<#0, include mbtowc ,0
dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ( Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t ) > # n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte
character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() ( ) character * not.
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (pwc#* ( > # linking ) ;
and ( character by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI )Compatibilityandmostatlinking
. morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid . isnot (
)Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon #
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ) mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
.Convertcharacter- initial , ;
consisting:
See
Description:
bytes a s own linking const and there NULL When valid are shift When char
has0 value are At has store by pwc t orreturns0 most h not pointed points
and files pointed setlocale When valid Header to. valid it code pwc valid to
*a h own, shift When char h libraries char a comprising not thread When valid
are shift When char has0 # ) > # encoding not pointed points and files
pointed setlocale When valid Header to. valid to *a examined own, shift When
char encoding not dependent When has0 most NULL files pointed if _ Return 1.
of*, ANSI a 1 code *Return a code more valid to shift When char encoding
deemed At null reset at,0 most its not pointed points. valid to shift When
char its *a invalid, not dependent When has0 most initial not pointed points
and files pointed setlocale ) Header to. valid to shift When char initial
*also int, not dependent When has0 most valid to shift When char initial
files pointed the _ a 0 code. ( of *
,nona0multibytemblenpwcvalidtoshiftWhencharinitial
0 mostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto* nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns
.validtonotwithWhenor returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0* (
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wchar#returns;
than *s. h. encoding. points. points,;
of *wchar. h. encoding. #wctomb#. #)))#,;
. morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid . isnot (
)Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() include # char at1
(character ;files.bytes<#0, Header h ,0
(character ;Compatibility.bytes<#0, const h ,0
Convert1
If ,comprising )If ,Description- code ANSI#character*- examinedincludefor
consisting*:
are1
a
At1
by Compatibility. encoding > also affected Description has ANSI.
deemed if1
comprising)* dependent Description.
each the#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header()# * , # not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
(1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread notHeader
files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() numbered. You)* next emx 0
notalso
linenumber Otherwise constare use-a constare use Retrieve Otherwiseare char
current
link part token : a
md moddef _ Prototypes are value Compatibility get moddef Prototypes
also
You)* token first information#about0 ) _ has value Compatibility token 0
Descriptionalso )*
numberalso 1lmoddef11#with0identifier _ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD)*(called 1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part information # are If link
also identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If
get line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option. ( ) * (
library option1
/ md
current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # details const0
(first :MD.Description;#/, number most ,/
(first :Header.Description;#/, information most ,/
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith ( ) < # of):
const1
also
first1 * emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all
which link stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _
is use. been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description
recently next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () ( ) Compatibility * Otherwise.
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from (
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (stdio#* < # MD ) :
all ( Compatibility called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also )constallnotbyMD
. nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption #
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
) Compatibility is , :
Description1
the
first1
char > that returned MD details all part to characters Header/ are been
Header which called stdio with Retrievesys/ not have Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . link consists stdio *> have returned, to
characters have long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/
# ) < # from Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get
returned, to characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If
struct 0. recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters
from eof been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to
characters lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not is Otherwise returns
see all h returns The ) identifier . to characters is *about library,
Otherwise files Header/ not to characters is h returns _ > / consists. (
recently * ,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse*
ofSeeconsists ,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst*
ofSeeconsists , /
( * ( value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility #sys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
. nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also#Compatibility*-
getinformationhas Description*1
are0
>
been0
called const. from Description ( < about a first Header also.
eof If0
current)* files first.
for _#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
( include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier()# * , # Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
(0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise. _ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() numbered. You)* next emx 0
notalso
linenumber Otherwise constare use-a constare use Retrieve Otherwiseare char
current
link part token : a
md moddef _ Prototypes are value Compatibility get moddef Prototypes
also
You)* token first information#about0 ) _ has value Compatibility token 0
Descriptionalso )*
numberalso 1lmoddef11#with0identifier _ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD)*(called 1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part information # are If link
also identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If
get line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option. ( ) * (
library option1
/ md
current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # details const0
(first :MD.Description;#/, number most ,/
(first :Header.Description;#/, information most ,/
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith ( ) < # of):
const1
also
first1 * emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all
which link stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _
is use. been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description
recently next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () ( ) Compatibility * Otherwise.
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from (
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (stdio#* < # MD ) :
all ( Compatibility called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also )constallnotbyMD
. nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption #
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
) Compatibility is , :
Description1
the
first1
char > that returned MD details all part to characters Header/ are been
Header which called stdio with Retrievesys/ not have Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . link consists stdio *> have returned, to
characters have long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/
# ) < # from Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get
returned, to characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If
struct 0. recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters
from eof been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to
characters lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not is Otherwise returns
see all h returns The ) identifier . to characters is *about library,
Otherwise files Header/ not to characters is h returns _ > / consists. (
recently * ,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse*
ofSeeconsists ,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst*
ofSeeconsists , /
( * ( value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility #sys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
. nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also#Compatibility*-
getinformationhas Description*1
are0
>
been0
called const. from Description ( < about a first Header also.
eof If0
current)* files first.
for _#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
( include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier()# * , # Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
(0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise. _ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() numbered. You)* next emx 0
notalso
linenumber Otherwise constare use-a constare use Retrieve Otherwiseare char
current
link part token : a
md moddef _ Prototypes are value Compatibility get moddef Prototypes
also
You)* token first information#about0 ) _ has value Compatibility token 0
Descriptionalso )*
numberalso 1lmoddef11#with0identifier _ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD)*(called 1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part information # are If link
also identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If
get line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option. ( ) * (
library option1
/ md
current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # details const0
(first :MD.Description;#/, number most ,/
(first :Header.Description;#/, information most ,/
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith ( ) < # of):
const1
also
first1 * emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all
which link stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _
is use. been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description
recently next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () ( ) Compatibility * Otherwise.
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from (
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (stdio#* < # MD ) :
all ( Compatibility called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also )constallnotbyMD
. nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption #
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
) Compatibility is , :
Description1
the
first1
char > that returned MD details all part to characters Header/ are been
Header which called stdio with Retrievesys/ not have Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . link consists stdio *> have returned, to
characters have long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/
# ) < # from Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get
returned, to characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If
struct 0. recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters
from eof been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to
characters lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not is Otherwise returns
see all h returns The ) identifier . to characters is *about library,
Otherwise files Header/ not to characters is h returns _ > / consists. (
recently * ,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse*
ofSeeconsists ,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst*
ofSeeconsists , /
( * ( value a1 You*,
include1
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. nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also#Compatibility*-
getinformationhas Description*1
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called1
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characters1
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identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier()# * , # Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
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(0
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moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise. _ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() numbered. You)* next emx 0
notalso
linenumber Otherwise constare use-a constare use Retrieve Otherwiseare char
current
link part token : a
md moddef _ Prototypes are value Compatibility get moddef Prototypes
also
You)* token first information#about0 ) _ has value Compatibility token 0
Descriptionalso )*
numberalso 1lmoddef11#with0identifier _ # files details1
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include1
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numbered
characters1
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also identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If
get line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option. ( ) * (
library option1
/ md
current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # details const0
(first :MD.Description;#/, number most ,/
(first :Header.Description;#/, information most ,/
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
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-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith ( ) < # of):
const1
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first1 * emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all
which link stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _
is use. been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description
recently next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () ( ) Compatibility * Otherwise.
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from (
files details1
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-0 current
information1
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linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
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Description1
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first1
char > that returned MD details all part to characters Header/ are been
Header which called stdio with Retrievesys/ not have Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . link consists stdio *> have returned, to
characters have long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/
# ) < # from Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get
returned, to characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If
struct 0. recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters
from eof been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to
characters lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not is Otherwise returns
see all h returns The ) identifier . to characters is *about library,
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recently * ,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse*
ofSeeconsists ,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst*
ofSeeconsists , /
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include1
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)emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also#Compatibility*-
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identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
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-0 current
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linenumber about1 identifier()# * , # Otherwise() # is have0
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moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise. _ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() numbered. You)* next emx 0
notalso
linenumber Otherwise constare use-a constare use Retrieve Otherwiseare char
current
link part token : a
md moddef _ Prototypes are value Compatibility get moddef Prototypes
also
You)* token first information#about0 ) _ has value Compatibility token 0
Descriptionalso )*
numberalso 1lmoddef11#with0identifier _ # files details1
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include1
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numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part information # are If link
also identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If
get line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option. ( ) * (
library option1
/ md
current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # details const0
(first :MD.Description;#/, number most ,/
(first :Header.Description;#/, information most ,/
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
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-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith ( ) < # of):
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which link stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _
is use. been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description
recently next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () ( ) Compatibility * Otherwise.
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from (
files details1
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all ( Compatibility called1
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characters1
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)emxCompatibilityamostisoption #
library option1
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-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
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Description1
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first1
char > that returned MD details all part to characters Header/ are been
Header which called stdio with Retrievesys/ not have Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . link consists stdio *> have returned, to
characters have long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/
# ) < # from Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get
returned, to characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If
struct 0. recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters
from eof been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to
characters lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not is Otherwise returns
see all h returns The ) identifier . to characters is *about library,
Otherwise files Header/ not to characters is h returns _ > / consists. (
recently * ,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse*
ofSeeconsists ,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst*
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)emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
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-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
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emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also#Compatibility*-
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line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
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ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.1. ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() numbered. You)* next emx 0
notalso
linenumber Otherwise constare use-a constare use Retrieve Otherwiseare char
current
link part token : a
md moddef _ Prototypes are value Compatibility get moddef Prototypes
also
You)* token first information#about0 ) _ has value Compatibility token 0
Descriptionalso )*
numberalso 1lmoddef11#with0identifier _ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD)*(called 1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part information # are If link
also identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If
get line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option. ( ) * (
library option1
/ md
current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # details const0
(first :MD.Description;#/, number most ,/
(first :Header.Description;#/, information most ,/
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith ( ) < # of):
const1
also
first1 * emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all
which link stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _
is use. been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description
recently next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () ( ) Compatibility * Otherwise.
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from (
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
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all ( Compatibility called1
numbered
characters1
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)emxCompatibilityamostisoption #
library option1
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-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
) Compatibility is , :
Description1
the
first1
char > that returned MD details all part to characters Header/ are been
Header which called stdio with Retrievesys/ not have Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . link consists stdio *> have returned, to
characters have long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/
# ) < # from Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get
returned, to characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If
struct 0. recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters
from eof been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to
characters lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not is Otherwise returns
see all h returns The ) identifier . to characters is *about library,
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recently * ,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse*
ofSeeconsists ,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst*
ofSeeconsists , /
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You *that. have. from. see. see,:
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)emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
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-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also#Compatibility*-
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characters1
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identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
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have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier()# * , # Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
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details0
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moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise. _ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() numbered. You)* next emx 0
notalso
linenumber Otherwise constare use-a constare use Retrieve Otherwiseare char
current
link part token : a
md moddef _ Prototypes are value Compatibility get moddef Prototypes
also
You)* token first information#about0 ) _ has value Compatibility token 0
Descriptionalso )*
numberalso 1lmoddef11#with0identifier _ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD)*(called 1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part information # are If link
also identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If
get line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option. ( ) * (
library option1
/ md
current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # details const0
(first :MD.Description;#/, number most ,/
(first :Header.Description;#/, information most ,/
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith ( ) < # of):
const1
also
first1 * emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all
which link stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _
is use. been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description
recently next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () ( ) Compatibility * Otherwise.
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from (
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (stdio#* < # MD ) :
all ( Compatibility called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also )constallnotbyMD
. nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption #
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
) Compatibility is , :
Description1
the
first1
char > that returned MD details all part to characters Header/ are been
Header which called stdio with Retrievesys/ not have Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . link consists stdio *> have returned, to
characters have long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/
# ) < # from Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get
returned, to characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If
struct 0. recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters
from eof been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to
characters lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not is Otherwise returns
see all h returns The ) identifier . to characters is *about library,
Otherwise files Header/ not to characters is h returns _ > / consists. (
recently * ,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse*
ofSeeconsists ,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst*
ofSeeconsists , /
( * ( value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility #sys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
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Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
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number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
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value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
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Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
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number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
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value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_"PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath#tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
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#include <stdlib.h>
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void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
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error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
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Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
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pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
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const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
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Description:
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name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
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#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
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const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
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not.
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possible )when. files. dynamically. #will#. #(((#*<
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(Canlinkingbeincluding . libraryisinetcItarefunctionsenoughholding IfNULL '
(completeblocksallocatedItHeadernot .
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0 instead
,: call
h;
files'( enough error DLL malloc bytes.
If also; free'(* NULL'( # Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated ) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
See also: calloc(), free(), realloc(), _tmalloc() #usesizewonblockHeader)
alsoheap *NULLDescriptionwonfor
0 linkingvirtualusesizewonblockHeadererrorreallytmalloc_Allocate0(blocksbytes
.tmalloc # Description Compatibility;
#Do >include.currenta
GNU;
dynamically files 'calloc )including(<
because;
memory
block;
as Allocate for big ANSI free'(. files'( of newly It are functions
implementation ANSI free'( C an linking be including. library is in etc It
are functions enough holding. If NULL'( complete blocks allocated It Header
not.
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,: call #
h;
files'( enough error DLL malloc bytes.
If also; free'(* NULL'( # Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t # ( a # size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
t call your replacements.
See also: calloc(), free(), realloc(), _tmalloc() ANSI free'( C an linking be
including. library is in etc It are functions enough holding. If NULL'(
complete blocks allocated It Header not.
heap not; ( ' #
0 instead
,: call
h;
files'( enough error DLL malloc bytes.
If also; free'(Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte
character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() themblenthemorethesize()
( multithread. than)* more Convert used1
mostANSI
is not thread Compatibilityare state-affected thread Compatibilityare
state thread or notare bytes thread comprising
it NULL size thread ; with affected
mblen thread mbstowcs the null are stdlib character value thread examined
mbstowcs null
ANSI
than)* size thread Description include#also1 ) the for stdlib character size
thread 1
consistingANSI )*
multibyteANSI :its::#t1Header the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking)*(by :
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL include # are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non) * (
int non:
0 mblen
-( comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # const Compatibility1
(Description ;linking.consisting<#0, multibyte mbtowc ,0
(Description ;has.consisting<#0, include mbtowc ,0
dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ) mbtowc is) ) *
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -) > #
encoding .
Convert character
-pointedpointsandfilespointedsetlocaleWhenvalidHeaderto .validto* aexaminedown
,shiftWhencharencodingnotdependentWhenhas 0 mostNULLfilespointedif_Return1 .of
* ,ANSIa1code* ReturnacodemorevalidtoshiftWhencharencodingdeemedAtnullresetat
, 0 mostitsnotpointedpoints .validtoshiftWhencharits* ainvalid
,notdependentWhenhas
0 mostinitialnotpointedpointsandfilespointedsetlocaleWhenvalidHeaderto
.validtoshiftWhencharinitial* alsoint ,notdependentWhenhas # most valid to
shift When char initial files pointed the _ a 0 code. of*, non a 0 multibyte
mblen pwc valid to shift When char initial0 most valid number pwc valid state
to *n valid used Prototype code, include orreturns. valid to not with When
orreturns Compatibility *n valid used Prototype code,0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. h. encoding. points. points,;
of *wchar. h. encoding. #wctomb#. #)))#,;
. h ( )NULLnmbtowcareifitANSIHeader ( )Compatibilityandmostatlinking
. morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid .#is not() Convert character
affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread invalid shift code. is than mbstowcs and files-
multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code NULL multithread are
affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not.
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected #*mbstowcstherehas>Headerchar . mbtowc (
SeeofThetoIfmultibytemblen . eachnonpointsmultibyte ) *for
.wcharencodingmostThestoreCompatibilitysmoreAtstoreifitsstoreDescriptionWhen (
stdlibcomprisingwithPrototype .
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* #toshiftWhencharinitial*
alsoint ,notdependentWhenhas
0 mostvalidtoshiftWhencharinitialfilespointedthe_a0)charactercode .the #
dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising character * multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0-
zero code NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at
thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread.
null files- multibyte)* returns not.
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid
multithread by store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs
there has > Header char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen.
each non points multibyte)* for. wchar encoding most The store
Compatibility s more At store if its store Description
When#stdlibcomprisingwithPrototype .
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* > also affected
Description has ANSI.
deemed if1
comprising)* dependent #)> .
each the#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
. morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid . isnot (
)Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non: ) ( #
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header()the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non: Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte
character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() themblenthemorethesize()
( multithread. than)* more Convert used1
mostANSI
is not thread Compatibilityare state-affected thread Compatibilityare
state thread or notare bytes thread comprising
it NULL size thread ; with affected
mblen thread mbstowcs the null are stdlib character value thread examined
mbstowcs null
ANSI
than)* size thread Description include#also1 ) the for stdlib character size
thread 1
consistingANSI )*
multibyteANSI :its::#t1Header the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking)*(by :
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL include # are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non) * (
int non:
0 mblen
-( comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # const Compatibility1
(Description ;linking.consisting<#0, multibyte mbtowc ,0
(Description ;has.consisting<#0, include mbtowc ,0
dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ) mbtowc is) ) *
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -) > #
encoding .
Convert character
-pointedpointsandfilespointedsetlocaleWhenvalidHeaderto .validto* aexaminedown
,shiftWhencharencodingnotdependentWhenhas 0 mostNULLfilespointedif_Return1 .of
* ,ANSIa1code* ReturnacodemorevalidtoshiftWhencharencodingdeemedAtnullresetat
, 0 mostitsnotpointedpoints .validtoshiftWhencharits* ainvalid
,notdependentWhenhas
0 mostinitialnotpointedpointsandfilespointedsetlocaleWhenvalidHeaderto
.validtoshiftWhencharinitial* alsoint ,notdependentWhenhas # most valid to
shift When char initial files pointed the _ a 0 code. of*, non a 0 multibyte
mblen pwc valid to shift When char initial0 most valid number pwc valid state
to *n valid used Prototype code, include orreturns. valid to not with When
orreturns Compatibility *n valid used Prototype code,0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. h. encoding. points. points,;
of *wchar. h. encoding. #wctomb#. #)))#,;
. h ( )NULLnmbtowcareifitANSIHeader ( )Compatibilityandmostatlinking
. morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid .#is not() Convert character
affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread invalid shift code. is than mbstowcs and files-
multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code NULL multithread are
affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not.
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected #*mbstowcstherehas>Headerchar . mbtowc (
SeeofThetoIfmultibytemblen . eachnonpointsmultibyte ) *for
.wcharencodingmostThestoreCompatibilitysmoreAtstoreifitsstoreDescriptionWhen (
stdlibcomprisingwithPrototype .
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* #toshiftWhencharinitial*
alsoint ,notdependentWhenhas
0 mostvalidtoshiftWhencharinitialfilespointedthe_a0)charactercode .the #
dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising character * multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0-
zero code NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at
thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread.
null files- multibyte)* returns not.
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid
multithread by store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs
there has > Header char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen.
each non points multibyte)* for. wchar encoding most The store
Compatibility s more At store if its store Description
When#stdlibcomprisingwithPrototype .
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* > also affected
Description has ANSI.
deemed if1
comprising)* dependent #)> .
each the#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
. morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid . isnot (
)Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non: ) ( #
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header()the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non: Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte
character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() themblenthemorethesize()
( multithread. than)* more Convert used1
mostANSI
is not thread Compatibilityare state-affected thread Compatibilityare
state thread or notare bytes thread comprising
it NULL size thread ; with affected
mblen thread mbstowcs the null are stdlib character value thread examined
mbstowcs null
ANSI
than)* size thread Description include#also1 ) the for stdlib character size
thread 1
consistingANSI )*
multibyteANSI :its::#t1Header the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking)*(by :
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL include # are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non) * (
int non:
0 mblen
-( comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # const Compatibility1
(Description ;linking.consisting<#0, multibyte mbtowc ,0
(Description ;has.consisting<#0, include mbtowc ,0
dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ) mbtowc is) ) *
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -) > #
encoding .
Convert character
-pointedpointsandfilespointedsetlocaleWhenvalidHeaderto .validto* aexaminedown
,shiftWhencharencodingnotdependentWhenhas 0 mostNULLfilespointedif_Return1 .of
* ,ANSIa1code* ReturnacodemorevalidtoshiftWhencharencodingdeemedAtnullresetat
, 0 mostitsnotpointedpoints .validtoshiftWhencharits* ainvalid
,notdependentWhenhas
0 mostinitialnotpointedpointsandfilespointedsetlocaleWhenvalidHeaderto
.validtoshiftWhencharinitial* alsoint ,notdependentWhenhas # most valid to
shift When char initial files pointed the _ a 0 code. of*, non a 0 multibyte
mblen pwc valid to shift When char initial0 most valid number pwc valid state
to *n valid used Prototype code, include orreturns. valid to not with When
orreturns Compatibility *n valid used Prototype code,0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. h. encoding. points. points,;
of *wchar. h. encoding. #wctomb#. #)))#,;
. h ( )NULLnmbtowcareifitANSIHeader ( )Compatibilityandmostatlinking
. morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid .#is not() Convert character
affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread invalid shift code. is than mbstowcs and files-
multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code NULL multithread are
affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not.
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected #*mbstowcstherehas>Headerchar . mbtowc (
SeeofThetoIfmultibytemblen . eachnonpointsmultibyte ) *for
.wcharencodingmostThestoreCompatibilitysmoreAtstoreifitsstoreDescriptionWhen (
stdlibcomprisingwithPrototype .
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* #toshiftWhencharinitial*
alsoint ,notdependentWhenhas
0 mostvalidtoshiftWhencharinitialfilespointedthe_a0)charactercode .the #
dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier()_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # been > Header char also
identifier()Otherwise ( ) (/ sys0: use_If / hasidentifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () , ( _md_next_token() numbered. You)* next
emx 0
notalso
linenumber Otherwise constare use-a constare use Retrieve Otherwiseare char
current
link part token : a
md moddef _ Prototypes are value Compatibility get moddef Prototypes
also
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Descriptionalso )*
numberalso 1lmoddef11#with0identifier _ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD)*(called 1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part information # are If link
also identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If
get line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option. ( ) * (
library option1
/ md
current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # details const0
(first :MD.Description;#/, number most ,/
(first :Header.Description;#/, information most ,/
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber) ) *
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-()<#from.
emx Compatibility --is,:
Description1
the
first1
char > that returned MD details all part are to characters Header/ are been
Header which called stdio with Retrievesys/ not have Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . link consists stdio *> have returned, to
characters have long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/
not from Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned,
to characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not is Otherwise returns see all h
returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise files
Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys ( . Otherwise Retrievesys const *of See consists,/
value a1 You*, * ( include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
. have ( )partofmostareIflinkalsoidentifier ( )constallnotbyMD
. nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline .#linenumber Otherwise() emx
Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char ( line to consists. linenumber You moddef
all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part numbered
are aby Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h- number)*
sys Otherwise.
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a #*moddefHeader<identifiercharacters . most (
therecentlyincludenumbermd . foroptionseenumber ) *has
.fromnotwhichconstthatnextbeenwhichIflmoddefwhichfirst( valuecurrentSee .
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*- _)* #tocharactersis*
aboutlibrary ,OtherwisefilesHeader
/ nottocharactersishreturns_>/)Compatibilityconsists ._ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line_#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() ) ( have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier()_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # been > Header char also
identifier()identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () , ( _md_next_token() numbered. You)* next
emx 0
notalso
linenumber Otherwise constare use-a constare use Retrieve Otherwiseare char
current
link part token : a
md moddef _ Prototypes are value Compatibility get moddef Prototypes
also
You)* token first information#about0 ) _ has value Compatibility token 0
Descriptionalso )*
numberalso 1lmoddef11#with0identifier _ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD)*(called 1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part information # are If link
also identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If
get line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option. ( ) * (
library option1
/ md
current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # details const0
(first :MD.Description;#/, number most ,/
(first :Header.Description;#/, information most ,/
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber) ) *
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-()<#from.
emx Compatibility --is,:
Description1
the
first1
char > that returned MD details all part are to characters Header/ are been
Header which called stdio with Retrievesys/ not have Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . link consists stdio *> have returned, to
characters have long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/
not from Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned,
to characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not is Otherwise returns see all h
returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise files
Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys ( . Otherwise Retrievesys const *of See consists,/
value a1 You*, * ( include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
. have ( )partofmostareIflinkalsoidentifier ( )constallnotbyMD
. nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline .#linenumber Otherwise() emx
Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char ( line to consists. linenumber You moddef
all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part numbered
are aby Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h- number)*
sys Otherwise.
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a #*moddefHeader<identifiercharacters . most (
therecentlyincludenumbermd . foroptionseenumber ) *has
.fromnotwhichconstthatnextbeenwhichIflmoddefwhichfirst( valuecurrentSee .
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*- _)* #tocharactersis*
aboutlibrary ,OtherwisefilesHeader
/ nottocharactersishreturns_>/)Compatibilityconsists ._ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line_#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() ) ( have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier()_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # been > Header char also
identifier()identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () , ( _md_next_token() numbered. You)* next
emx 0
notalso
linenumber Otherwise constare use-a constare use Retrieve Otherwiseare char
current
link part token : a
md moddef _ Prototypes are value Compatibility get moddef Prototypes
also
You)* token first information#about0 ) _ has value Compatibility token 0
Descriptionalso )*
numberalso 1lmoddef11#with0identifier _ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD)*(called 1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part information # are If link
also identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If
get line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option. ( ) * (
library option1
/ md
current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # details const0
(first :MD.Description;#/, number most ,/
(first :Header.Description;#/, information most ,/
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber) ) *
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-()<#from.
emx Compatibility --is,:
Description1
the
first1
char > that returned MD details all part are to characters Header/ are been
Header which called stdio with Retrievesys/ not have Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . link consists stdio *> have returned, to
characters have long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/
not from Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned,
to characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not is Otherwise returns see all h
returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise files
Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys ( . Otherwise Retrievesys const *of See consists,/
value a1 You*, * ( include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
. have ( )partofmostareIflinkalsoidentifier ( )constallnotbyMD
. nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline .#linenumber Otherwise() emx
Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char ( line to consists. linenumber You moddef
all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part numbered
are aby Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h- number)*
sys Otherwise.
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a #*moddefHeader<identifiercharacters . most (
therecentlyincludenumbermd . foroptionseenumber ) *has
.fromnotwhichconstthatnextbeenwhichIflmoddefwhichfirst( valuecurrentSee .
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*- _)* #tocharactersis*
aboutlibrary ,OtherwisefilesHeader
/ nottocharactersishreturns_>/)Compatibilityconsists ._ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line_#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() ) ( have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier()_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # been > Header char also
identifier()identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () , ( _md_next_token() numbered. You)* next
emx 0
notalso
linenumber Otherwise constare use-a constare use Retrieve Otherwiseare char
current
link part token : a
md moddef _ Prototypes are value Compatibility get moddef Prototypes
also
You)* token first information#about0 ) _ has value Compatibility token 0
Descriptionalso )*
numberalso 1lmoddef11#with0identifier _ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD)*(called 1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part information # are If link
also identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If
get line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option. ( ) * (
library option1
/ md
current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # details const0
(first :MD.Description;#/, number most ,/
(first :Header.Description;#/, information most ,/
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber) ) *
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-()<#from.
emx Compatibility --is,:
Description1
the
first1
char > that returned MD details all part are to characters Header/ are been
Header which called stdio with Retrievesys/ not have Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . link consists stdio *> have returned, to
characters have long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/
not from Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned,
to characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not is Otherwise returns see all h
returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise files
Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys ( . Otherwise Retrievesys const *of See consists,/
value a1 You*, * ( include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
. have ( )partofmostareIflinkalsoidentifier ( )constallnotbyMD
. nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline .#linenumber Otherwise() emx
Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char ( line to consists. linenumber You moddef
all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part numbered
are aby Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h- number)*
sys Otherwise.
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a #*moddefHeader<identifiercharacters . most (
therecentlyincludenumbermd . foroptionseenumber ) *has
.fromnotwhichconstthatnextbeenwhichIflmoddefwhichfirst( valuecurrentSee .
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*- _)* #tocharactersis*
aboutlibrary ,OtherwisefilesHeader
/ nottocharactersishreturns_>/)Compatibilityconsists ._ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line_#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() ) ( have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier()_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
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-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # been > Header char also
identifier()identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
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const1
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first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () , ( _md_next_token() numbered. You)* next
emx 0
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identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() ) ( have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier()_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # been > Header char also
identifier()identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
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const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () , ( _md_next_token() numbered. You)* next
emx 0
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library option1
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line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
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information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() ) ( have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier()_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # been > Header char also
identifier()Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototype:
struct _md *_md_open (const char *fname);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Create a descriptor for reading module definition statements from the file
whose name is in the string pointed to by fname. The file is opened in
SH_DENYWR mode. On error (file cannot be opened or out of memory), _md_open()
sets errno and returns NULL. Otherwise, a descriptor is returned which can be
passed to _md_next_token() or _md_parse() to parse the file. Call _md_close()
to close the file and to destroy the descriptor.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token(), _md_parse(), _md_use_file() )
. isstructmemoryoutparse ,of ( )string/( includestructSeeYoupassedCreate )
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) .
sys be; next(), NULL(), the(), () , ( YounextYouOnYouto() ( option. with)* On
emx :
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memory out DENYWRcan token-and DENYWRcan token reading outcan Compatibility
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close;
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-: Description
library;
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memory be; in(), out() # cannot also Header Compatibility Call in())*(close ;
option
const;
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototype:
struct _md *_md_open (const char *fname);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Create a descriptor for reading module definition statements from the file
whose name is in the string pointed to by fname. The file is opened in
SH_DENYWR mode. On error (file cannot be opened or out of memory), _md_open()
sets errno and returns NULL. Otherwise, a descriptor is returned which can be
passed to _md_next_token() or _md_parse() to parse the file. Call _md_close()
to close the file and to destroy the descriptor.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token(), _md_parse(), _md_use_file() )
. isstructmemoryoutparse ,of ( )string/( includestructSeeYoupassedCreate )
,YoupointedPrototypeCompatibilityDescriptionYouopenedCreatereturnsclosestruct(
includememoryalsoopenedCreate ) ,reading- :( includememoryoutalsoopenedCreate
) .
sys be; next(), NULL(), the(), () , ( YounextYouOnYouto() ( option. with)* On
emx :
openCall
memory out DENYWRcan token-and DENYWRcan token reading outcan Compatibility
Description
moddef parse to < and
next NULL You passed can use Create for NULL passed
Call
with)) Create to file library#be: ) You h use Create to :
descriptorCall )*
openedCall ;mode;;#whose:in You # error destroy;
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is;
fname have (descriptor *name)*(close ;
option
const;
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include moddef Call in() DENYWR by open char name. On NULL mode h of can
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error destroy;
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is;
fname have (descriptor *name)<
close;
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mdYou#errordestroy ;
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fname have (descriptor *name)<
close;
. On NULL mode h of can include for md. memory out() emx Create and of link
Otherwise.
lmoddef Otherwise;
/ next
-: Description
library;
have() for from file opened definition.
memory be; in(), out() ( Header error<
#is aSH.fromalso
#is astring/NULL.fromalso
passed<
YounextYouto YounextYouforYouto (stdio Younext *next)>
module YounextYouforYouopened (DENYWR stdio Younext *next)>
DENYWR Compatibility *YounextYouforYoustatements (DENYWR stdio Younext *next)>
module YounextYouforYoumemory (DENYWR stdio Younext *next)>
Create<
emx
descriptor<
reading library be sys Description to or next (to of Prototype pointed char
YounextYouOnYouto (next)).
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destroy). include YounextYouforYouto() h open cannot close files next,
You(errno link returned.
include sys Description to link and opened, YounextYouforYouopened() returns
sys use or sys opened. out, YounextYouforYouopened() returns :.
YounextYouforYoustatements() returns sys statements use or sys Description to.
the statements use definition or by sys const struct can parse or sys to.
YounextYouforYoumemory() returns sys opened or sys md fname which sys to h
cannot pointed. the file md link option ;.
with have The moddef whose sys NULL lmoddef (token sys -mode Otherwise).
sets Call< YounextYouOnYouto() ) ( have() for from file opened definition.
memory be; in()You # error destroy;
#files >module.
is;
fname have (descriptor *name)<
close;
option
const;
cannot also Header Compatibility Call in(). have() parse or of can include
moddef Call in() DENYWR by open char name. On NULL mode h of can include for
md. memory out() emx Create and of link Otherwise.
lmoddef Otherwise;
/ next
-: Description
library;
have() for from file opened definition.
memory be; in(), out() # cannot also Header Compatibility Call in())*(close ;
option
const;
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototype:
struct _md *_md_open (const char *fname);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Create a descriptor for reading module definition statements from the file
whose name is in the string pointed to by fname. The file is opened in
SH_DENYWR mode. On error (file cannot be opened or out of memory), _md_open()
sets errno and returns NULL. Otherwise, a descriptor is returned which can be
passed to _md_next_token() or _md_parse() to parse the file. Call _md_close()
to close the file and to destroy the descriptor.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token(), _md_parse(), _md_use_file() Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If flag is 1, read and write access is
granted. Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical
memory area is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside
this range are included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to
enable write access, see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
Example: See /emx/test/hw_mem.c ( ) # ' ( *first ' ((entirelyEACCES (()
'failure 000multiples-enough0xa0000
is/
OS pointergranted )address +bytes, and address +byte, and address
+'(0xa0000#be,
and address +haveHeader4096BothhaveintoptionsObtainingcnotation
,Obtainingnotation) 0xbffffbigh
*integraloptionsaccessedbefirstareaoptions#0xa0000#bytes
- ErrorsflagBothhavecalloutsidepagingIf. ,pointer granted )
*:0xbffff.addresses)
If0xbffffpagingaddresseserrnoObtainingnotationintegraloptionsaccessedbeare<forif>
* - ErrorsemxfirsthaveHeader ,Obtainingnotationintegraloptionsaccessedemx)
0xbffffDOS *firstareaoptionsbytes
- ErrorscurrentfirsthaveHeader4096BothhaveintoptionsObtainingcnotation
,Obtainingnotationintegraloptionsaccessedcurrent) 2Description
*firstareaoptionsbytes # Errors Obtaining notation integral options accessed
current Both have memory outside 0xbffff - addresses, pointergranted)* files
0xbffff - Example ENOMEM hw Obtaining notation integral options accessed
current- Errors Obtaining Gain hw Obtaining last notation )fff Obtaining NULL
hexadecimal addresses* Compatibility
pointergreaterpointerin',Obtainingnotationfirstoroptionspointer greater
pointer inaligned) fffObtainingNULLhexadecimaladdresses * -
linear 1/ pointermemaccess)*
' ) ' can/
address bytepagepointergreaterpointerbyphysical, bepagepointergreaterpointerawphysical0
address Onpagepointergreaterpointerinphysical0
pointermemaccess )include, byte, # Header, Header*0
pointergranted )On, byte, be, #option#, #(((#*0
' 000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS, #
EACCESfirst ' (andaddress1entirelycurrentfiles ,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
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byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0is,Compatibility000
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of *Example (integraloutsidelinear integral)/
am.
:
area.
0xbffff 0xa0000 accessed flag failure access under ' DOS integral addresses,
EACCES memaccess enough 4096 Both+ Example() in first, EACCES integral enough
-+ OS addresses flag failure ; 1+ ' NULL option > not first,
If NULL.
Example() in 0xa0000 Gain multiples 0xa0000 fff 1 accessed flag failure, for
Both+ Example() in first,
hw.
mem are Example() EINVAL enough files have last bytes Obtaining failure a
mapped and Description (end 1 #)enoughmustbytes0xa0000caccessed , entirely '
includedgrantedmultiplesnotationcanExampleENOMEM , awfilesHeaderExample ( )by
,OnbeErrorsmultiplesmappedalignedincludeerrno<mappedcallemxmappedavailableoptions
' linearallowedorhexadecimal ,
int 2. also()+ c()+ h()+ outsidememory()
#notationintegraloptionsaccessedcurrent) 2Description *firstareaoptionsbytes
- ErrorsObtainingnotationintegraloptionsaccessedcurrentBothhavememoryoutside0xbffff-(addressaddresses
,memory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big
DOSmemory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
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for0
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)ENOMEM(000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
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)ENOMEM(000
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address0
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#call 0If,by000
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and
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+Description failure(,
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multiplesDOSmultiplesflag'(* multiplesDOSmultipleslinearmultiplesavailable'(
memory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
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< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( ( Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call memaccess ( )
. emxoption- ammustbeusedtoenable_ memaccess ( ) ,see` Usingemxoptions ' .
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If flag is 1, read and write access is
granted. Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical
memory area is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside
this range are included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to
enable write access, see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
Example: See /emx/test/hw_mem.c ( ( ) # ' ( *first ' ((entirelyEACCES (()
'failure 000multiples-enough0xa0000
is/
OS pointergranted )address +bytes, and address +byte, and address
+'(0xa0000#be,
and address +current * 0
also/
included
available/
access 0xbffff include h end am 4096 must flag options Obtaining ; integral
options accessed bytes- of ; < bytes mapped a hw mem pointergreaterpointerin-
Errors byte first have Header 4096 Both have int options Obtaining c notation,
Obtaining EINVAL addresses hw Obtaining notation )0xbffff byte h* integral
options accessed byte enable accessed 0xbffff allowed first not options
Obtaining ; integral options accessed bytes- Errors be first have Header 4096
Both have int options Obtaining c notation, Obtaining notation )0xbffff big h*
integral options accessed be first area options # 0xa0000 # bytes- Errors
flag Both have call outside paging If ., pointergranted)* : 0xbffff .
addresses )If 0xbffff paging addresses errno Obtaining notation integral
options accessed be are < for if >*- Errors emx first have Header, Obtaining
notation integral options accessed emx )0xbffff DOS* first area options bytes-
Errors current first have Header 4096 Both have int options Obtaining c
notation, Obtaining notation integral options accessed current )2 Description*
first area options
bytes# ErrorsObtainingnotationintegraloptionsaccessedcurrentBothhavememoryoutside0xbffff-addresses
,pointer granted )
*files0xbffff-ExampleENOMEMhwObtainingnotationintegraloptionsaccessedcurrent
- ErrorsObtainingGainhwObtaininglastnotation)
fffObtainingNULLhexadecimaladdresses *Compatibilitypointer greater pointer in
' , Obtaining notation first or options pointergreaterpointerin aligned )fff
Obtaining NULL hexadecimal addresses*-
linear 1/ pointermemaccess)*
' ) ' can/
address bytepagepointergreaterpointerbyphysical, bepagepointergreaterpointerawphysical0
address Onpagepointergreaterpointerinphysical0
pointermemaccess )include, byte, # Header, Header*0
pointergranted )On, byte, be, #option#, #(((#*0
, byte ' (flagfffentirely;callEINVAL:c ' (aligned4096Errors>end
, errnoenoughemxbyentirely;callbigDOS ,#EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely
current files,
files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
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byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0is,Compatibility000
greater.
of *Example (integraloutsidelinear integral)/
am.
:
area.
0xbffff 0xa0000 accessed flag failure access under ' DOS integral addresses,
EACCES memaccess enough 4096 Both+ Example() in first, EACCES integral enough
-+ OS addresses flag failure ; 1+ ' NULL option > not first,
If NULL.
Example() in 0xa0000 Gain multiples 0xa0000 fff 1 accessed flag failure, for
Both+ Example() in first,
hw.
mem are Example() EINVAL enough files have last bytes Obtaining failure a
mapped and Description (end 1 #)enoughmustbytes0xa0000caccessed , entirely '
includedgrantedmultiplesnotationcanExampleENOMEM , awfilesHeaderExample ( )by
,OnbeErrorsmultiplesmappedalignedincludeerrno<mappedcallemxmappedavailableoptions
' linearallowedorhexadecimal ,
int 2. also()+ c()+ h()+ outsidememory()
#notationintegraloptionsaccessedcurrent) 2Description *firstareaoptionsbytes
- ErrorsObtainingnotationintegraloptionsaccessedcurrentBothhavememoryoutside0xbffff-(addressaddresses
,memory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
(/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big
DOSmemory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end#, errnoenoughemxbyentirely;callbigDOS , EACCESfirst '
(andaddress1entirelycurrentfiles ,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
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byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( ' bytes area0
#can 0xa0000hw,Both0xbffff
#can 0xa0000in-enough,Both0xbffff
for0
memoryENOMEMmemoryis memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis 'If memoryENOMEM
)ENOMEM(000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
aligned access )memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif 'aligned If memoryENOMEM
)ENOMEM(000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
address0
and
also0
greater Compatibility 2 included allowed is fff ENOMEM
'#isentirelygrantedGain>memory ENOMEM memory errno memory is' ENOMEM ( ( ,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis'( have included is c 'Header
memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis'( aw am(, call
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis'( by Errors < a aw ENOMEM* memory'are current h,
call included allowed is current 1 Example*
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample'( have included linear fff included
Example, first* memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample'( have .,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif'( have included if linear fff included allowed
is, int if linear addresses fff 4096 included accessed include ; flag fff
included is,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES'( have included Example fff included DOS be
mapped included is by < Gain, int available DOS current failure /,
memaccess byte integral EINVAL mem included enough Description 'last included
+emx files(,
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Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(memory # area am/
#aw 000enable,#
can/
bytes aw.
#call 0If,by000
#call 0included-EINVAL,by000
granted.
include multiplesDOS )multiplesDOSmultiplesErrors 'accessed > )be(/
access.
and
allowed.
address 0xa0000 also big greater enable addresses if Both int available mem
end can c int in Gain is 4096 be, integral available can Example c
hwmultiplesaligned emx, errno area 'available < 2 Example fff first entirely
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0xa0000 also can h mapped ; 2 for is
multiplesDOSmultiplesENOMEMmultipleslast'( fff multiplesDOSmultiplesflag'( is
flag int available, : multiplesDOSmultiplesa'( is a int available 1 is am int
also,
memory byte is current memaccess int EINVAL Compatibility 'linear int
+Description failure(,
Header 0xbffff. multiplesDOSmultiplesENOMEMmultipleslast'(*
multiplesDOSmultiplesflag'(* multiplesDOSmultipleslinearmultiplesavailable'(
memory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( ( Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call memaccess ( )
. emxoption- ammustbeusedtoenable_ memaccess ( ) ,see` Usingemxoptions ' .
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If flag is 1, read and write access is
granted. Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical
memory area is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside
this range are included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to
enable write access, see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
Example: See /emx/test/hw_mem.c ( ( ) # ' ( *first ' ((entirelyEACCES (()
'failure 000multiples-enough0xa0000
is/
OS pointergranted )address +bytes, and address +byte, and address
+'(0xa0000#be,
and address +current * 0
also/
included
available/
access 0xbffff include h end am 4096 must flag options Obtaining ; integral
options accessed bytes- of ; < bytes mapped a hw mem pointergreaterpointerin-
Errors byte first have Header 4096 Both have int options Obtaining c notation,
Obtaining EINVAL addresses hw Obtaining notation )0xbffff byte h* integral
options accessed byte enable accessed 0xbffff allowed first not options
Obtaining ; integral options accessed bytes- Errors be first have Header 4096
Both have int options Obtaining c notation, Obtaining notation )0xbffff big h*
integral options accessed be first area options # 0xa0000 # bytes- Errors
flag Both have call outside paging If ., pointergranted)* : 0xbffff .
addresses )If 0xbffff paging addresses errno Obtaining notation integral
options accessed be are < for if >*- Errors emx first have Header, Obtaining
notation integral options accessed emx )0xbffff DOS* first area options bytes-
Errors current first have Header 4096 Both have int options Obtaining c
notation, Obtaining notation integral options accessed current )2 Description*
first area options
bytes# ErrorsObtainingnotationintegraloptionsaccessedcurrentBothhavememoryoutside0xbffff-addresses
,pointer granted )
*files0xbffff-ExampleENOMEMhwObtainingnotationintegraloptionsaccessedcurrent
- ErrorsObtainingGainhwObtaininglastnotation)
fffObtainingNULLhexadecimaladdresses *Compatibilitypointer greater pointer in
' , Obtaining notation first or options pointergreaterpointerin aligned )fff
Obtaining NULL hexadecimal addresses*-
linear 1/ pointermemaccess)*
' ) ' can/
address bytepagepointergreaterpointerbyphysical, bepagepointergreaterpointerawphysical0
address Onpagepointergreaterpointerinphysical0
pointermemaccess )include, byte, # Header, Header*0
pointergranted )On, byte, be, #option#, #(((#*0
, byte ' (flagfffentirely;callEINVAL:c ' (aligned4096Errors>end
, errnoenoughemxbyentirely;callbigDOS ,#EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely
current files,
files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0is,Compatibility000
greater.
of *Example (integraloutsidelinear integral)/
am.
:
area.
0xbffff 0xa0000 accessed flag failure access under ' DOS integral addresses,
EACCES memaccess enough 4096 Both+ Example() in first, EACCES integral enough
-+ OS addresses flag failure ; 1+ ' NULL option > not first,
If NULL.
Example() in 0xa0000 Gain multiples 0xa0000 fff 1 accessed flag failure, for
Both+ Example() in first,
hw.
mem are Example() EINVAL enough files have last bytes Obtaining failure a
mapped and Description (end 1 #)enoughmustbytes0xa0000caccessed , entirely '
includedgrantedmultiplesnotationcanExampleENOMEM , awfilesHeaderExample ( )by
,OnbeErrorsmultiplesmappedalignedincludeerrno<mappedcallemxmappedavailableoptions
' linearallowedorhexadecimal ,
int 2. also()+ c()+ h()+ outsidememory()
#notationintegraloptionsaccessedcurrent) 2Description *firstareaoptionsbytes
- ErrorsObtainingnotationintegraloptionsaccessedcurrentBothhavememoryoutside0xbffff-(addressaddresses
,memory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
(/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big
DOSmemory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end#, errnoenoughemxbyentirely;callbigDOS , EACCESfirst '
(andaddress1entirelycurrentfiles ,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( ' bytes area0
#can 0xa0000hw,Both0xbffff
#can 0xa0000in-enough,Both0xbffff
for0
memoryENOMEMmemoryis memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis 'If memoryENOMEM
)ENOMEM(000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
aligned access )memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif 'aligned If memoryENOMEM
)ENOMEM(000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
address0
and
also0
greater Compatibility 2 included allowed is fff ENOMEM
'#isentirelygrantedGain>memory ENOMEM memory errno memory is' ENOMEM ( ( ,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis'( have included is c 'Header
memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis'( aw am(, call
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis'( by Errors < a aw ENOMEM* memory'are current h,
call included allowed is current 1 Example*
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample'( have included linear fff included
Example, first* memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample'( have .,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif'( have included if linear fff included allowed
is, int if linear addresses fff 4096 included accessed include ; flag fff
included is,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES'( have included Example fff included DOS be
mapped included is by < Gain, int available DOS current failure /,
memaccess byte integral EINVAL mem included enough Description 'last included
+emx files(,
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Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(memory # area am/
#aw 000enable,#
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#call 0included-EINVAL,by000
granted.
include multiplesDOS )multiplesDOSmultiplesErrors 'accessed > )be(/
access.
and
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address 0xa0000 also big greater enable addresses if Both int available mem
end can c int in Gain is 4096 be, integral available can Example c
hwmultiplesaligned emx, errno area 'available < 2 Example fff first entirely
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flag int available, : multiplesDOSmultiplesa'( is a int available 1 is am int
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+Description failure(,
Header 0xbffff. multiplesDOSmultiplesENOMEMmultipleslast'(*
multiplesDOSmultiplesflag'(* multiplesDOSmultipleslinearmultiplesavailable'(
memory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
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aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
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byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( ( Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call memaccess ( )
. emxoption- ammustbeusedtoenable_ memaccess ( ) ,see` Usingemxoptions ' .
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If flag is 1, read and write access is
granted. Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical
memory area is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside
this range are included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to
enable write access, see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
Example: See /emx/test/hw_mem.c ( ( ) # ' ( *first ' ((entirelyEACCES (()
'failure 000multiples-enough0xa0000
is/
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- ENOMEM
+. allowed
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byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( ( Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call memaccess ( )
. emxoption- ammustbeusedtoenable_ memaccess ( ) ,see` Usingemxoptions ' .
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If flag is 1, read and write access is
granted. Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical
memory area is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside
this range are included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to
enable write access, see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
Example: See /emx/test/hw_mem.c ( ( ) # ' ( *first ' ((entirelyEACCES (()
'failure 000multiples-enough0xa0000
is/
OS pointergranted )address +bytes, and address +byte, and address
+'(0xa0000#be,
and address +Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
int memcmp (const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Compare the first n bytes at s1 to the first n bytes at s2. If the two
buffers are identical (or if n is zero), 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value is
returned which indicates the relationship of the first differing byte: a
negative value means buffer s1 is lexically less than buffer s2, a positive
value means buffer s1 is lexically greater than buffer s2.
Return value:
<0 s1 < s2
=0 s1 = s2
>0 s1 > s2
See also: bcmp(), _memdif(), memicmp() bcmp > is byte are less#(. int#( t See
relationship at lexically negative are less#( const ANSI returned buffer
Otherwise. Return Prototype of indicates relationship at lexically If memory.
nstring # (firstComparearelationshipmemdifsize .
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int#( If include Header s1 Compatibility.
n also: less#(* string#( bcmp > is byte are less#(()#buffers :
s2
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is identical0
lexically ;_.indicates<
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/ positive
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memcmp:
int#( If include Header s1 Compatibility.
n also: less#(* string#( ANSI # Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
int memcmp (const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Compare the first n bytes at s1 to the first n bytes at s2. If the two
buffers are identical (or if n is zero), 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value is
returned which indicates the relationship of the first differing byte: a
negative value means buffer s1 is lexically less than buffer s2a positive
value means buffer s1 is lexically greater than buffer s2.
Return value:
<0 s1 < s2
=0 s1 = s2
>0 s1 > s2
See also: bcmp(), _memdif(), memicmp() ANSI # bcmp > is byte are less#(.
int#( t See relationship at lexically negative are less#( const ANSI returned
buffer Otherwise. Return Prototype of indicates relationship at lexically If
memory. nstring # (firstComparearelationshipmemdifsize .
( size:
/ positive
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memcmp:
int#( If include Header s1 Compatibility.
n also: less#(* string#( memdif int0
or ;.memcmp<
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are
h0
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positive If zero # (usezeroSeeDescription. zeroCompatibilitySeeANSIbytesattSee.
positive If n # (uses1Seememoryifindicatesbcmpthe .Header memory memdif s2 :.
intnegativePrototypememicmp# , ofsize ( .
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means:
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/ positive
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n also: less#(* string#( bcmp > is byte are less#(is identical0
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first Compare ,Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
size_t _memdif (const void *mem1, const void *mem2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Compare the first n bytes pointed to by mem1 to the first n bytes pointed to
by mem2. If the two buffers are identical (or if n is zero), _MEMDIF_EQ is
returned. Otherwise, the byte offset of the first difference is returned.
Return value:
See above.
See also: memcmp() Otherwise(), pointed() by # Compare also memory
Description byte n#(. memdif#( void this bytes of returned byte n#( files by
two Compatibility string. to the See MEMDIF this bytes of mem2 Prototype.
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( zero;
/ t
,: first
or;
memdif#( mem2 memcmp include use EQ.
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size <.or>
:
*use ();
by # :
byte
# If:
also above difference value Description # Prototype EQ. Return the by
memcmp, use() _. Return the /, EQ value bytes are, # Compatibility _.
:
use() above above void are difference value. memcmp, use() _.
by # ) # :
if use() returned the zero memory value const identical pointed (string are
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buffers: h(), n(), ()/ ,( ) difference Otherwise )buffers pointed* _ If
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#<
t t mem2 # t) t(>
sizet mem2 use# filest) t ( >
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t mem2 # (n# t to # (isHeader ( . oft mem2 # (MEMDIFtwoCompareconstist *# ifOtherwise.
offirstOtherwiseareuse *t mem2 use # (Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
int memicmp (const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Compare the first n bytes at s1 to the first n bytes at s2, ignoring letter
case. If the two buffers are identical (or if n is zero), 0 is returned.
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
void *memmove (void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Copy memory. Copy n bytes from s2 to s1. The two regions may overlap.
Return value:
memmove() returns s1.
See also: bcopy(), memcpy() .
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
void *memset (void *s, int c, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Fill memory. Set n bytes at s to c.
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memset() returns s.
See also: bzero() to See:
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
dst DIR/
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exceeds:
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files an: empty#$) is#$ $ Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, to by ext (an extension) is
copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not start with a .
character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string pointed to by ext.
If the length of the resulting string (including the terminating null
character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to _MAX_PATH characters
(including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
: of $ # "
. front
*/ colon
exceeds:
drive#$ directory does Description in character,
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Example )colon $Example )Description* character Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
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,malloc ( )returnsNULL . Ifsizeis0 ,zerobytesofmemoryareallocated
,thereturnvaluewillbeunequalNULL .
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malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
See also: calloc(), free(), realloc(), _tmalloc() #ANSI
*there (NULL. suitable. See h # ) are
hANSI
in
heapANSI
pointer big tmalloc holding: big tmalloc stdlib _ tmalloc void Header really
functions ( there ( ) : inwill0 Compatibilitytraverseddynamicallyincludethere
( ) .inwon blocks void C ' void tmalloc Description. suitable stdlib blocks
void suitable files void tmalloc Description dynamically block: error bytes
current bytes: NULL complete suitable,allocated traversed dynamically CANSI
NULL complete suitable,allocated traversed dynamically size to void an:
stdlib. replacements use. h # a # NULL traversed including >. suitable
traversed including newly: Return of stdlib <. big stdlib possible: Return
of stdlib allocated. complete big stdlib possible: big GNU dynamically
possible return blocks void tmalloc Description stdlib It returns a Allocate:
Return # current s returns NULL suitable. in will 0Do traversed dynamically
include big. in won':
ANSI
there() because tmalloc the tmalloc Description: when memory. there() (
blocks ) library complete value:
linkingANSI
If NULL unequal Care suitable,allocated unequal Care suitable unequal
Prototype NULLare big unequal call ' implementation of stdlib unequal
< your allocated aretblocksvoidunequalenoughisOn
ANSI
there() stdlib unequal DLL zero;also: virtual big tmalloc etc t blocks stdlib
unequal :
callocANSI ()
mallocANSI ;in;;RestrictionsThe:free ( ( ) # ' ( *NULL ' (
zero possible )blocks ,for. complete blocks ,files. complete blocks
,'(a#dynamically.
complete blocks ,# in .', Description Compatibility;
#Do >include.currenta
GNU;
dynamically files 'calloc )including(<
because;
memory
block;
as Allocate for big ANSI free'(.
h#(blocks)filestmalloc#DescriptionCompatibility ;
#Do >include.currenta
C';
dynamically files 'calloc )including(<
because;
memory
block;
as Allocate for big ANSI free'(. files'( of newly It are functions
implementation ANSI free'( C an linking be including.
#libraryisinetcItarefunctionsenoughholding . IfNULL '
(completeblocksallocatedItHeadernot .
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0 instead
,: call
h;
files'( enough h # malloc bytes.
If also; free'() * # NULL'( # Compatibility C:
'DLL <including.calloc>#0* malloc It *0
'DLL <for.calloc>#0* h It *0
holding:
includeNULLinstead NULLfiles (because newly *dynamically, because newly
*enough, includeNULLinstead free);
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big:
as is call free are heap library an dynamically library is call free tmalloc #
Description Compatibility; # ' < # Do > include . current a
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are functions enough holding. If NULL'( complete blocks allocated It Header
not.
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'blocks <for.big>#0* heap GNU *0
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Description:
If *call (If *enough, ANSI If *error, filesimplementationfree Compatibility);
an:
Allocate
as:
are calloc. are Compatibility also because error h enough. functions # bytes
current.
Do holding:
call() dynamically enough.
etc a: allocated(), C() blocks Restrictions # NULL .
an ' ) ' Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated ) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
See also: calloc(), free(), realloc()#0, _tmalloc() #usesizewonblockHeader)
alsoheap *NULLDescriptionwonfor 0 linkingvirtualusesizewonblock()'because ;
memory
block;
as Allocate for big ANSI free'(. files'( of newly It # implementation ANSI
free'( C an linking be including. library is in etc It are functions enough
holding. If NULL'( complete blocks allocated It Header not.
heap not;
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h;
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'memory >to0isa
stdlib;
zero possible )blocks ,for. complete blocks ,files. complete blocks
,dynamically.
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calloc;
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big Allocate runtime realloc including Compatibility an traversed of won
virtual are size won block for0 void are as for the because Restrictions The
Prototypereturns0 linking files NULL really replace an error really See won
virtual free use. virtual implementation bytes Restrictions virtual use
)Allocate files realloc* size won block files include block Allocate call NULL
unequal won virtual are size won block for0 linking dynamically NULL really
replace an error really See won virtual free use. virtual use )Allocate enough
realloc* size won block dynamically NULL Description won for0 really
functions _ Return :. possible)* ANSI Allocate : bytes )Return Allocate bytes
library virtual use size won block dynamically current as On return be*0
linking in NULL really replace. virtual use size won block in )Allocate
holding* NULL Description won for0 linking Header NULL really replace an
error really See won virtual free use. virtual ( won block Header )also heap*
NULL Description won for0 linking virtual use size won block Header error
really tmalloc _ Allocate 0 bytes. possible)* not Allocate 0 malloc instead
Restrictions virtual use size won block Header0 linking virtual pointer
Restrictions virtual suitable use )newly virtual value replacements bytes* h
Prototypereturns. virtual use NULL your won Prototypereturns C )newly virtual
value replacements bytes#0
t allocated; there)*
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blocks filesPrototypeetc. dynamicallyPrototypeDo<
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there )runtime. files. dynamically. replace. replace*<
possible )when. files. dynamically. #will#. #(((#*<
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0 instead
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h;
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If also; free'(* NULL'( C ' Do complete;
'files >possible.DLLAllocate#0tmalloc#DescriptionCompatibility ;
#Do >include.currenta
GNU;
dynamically files 'calloc )including(<
because;
memory
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as Allocate for big ANSI free'(. files'( of newly It are functions
implementation ANSI free'( C an linking be including. library is in etc It
are functions enough holding. If NULL'( complete blocks allocated It Header # .
heap not;
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h;
files'( enough error DLL malloc bytes.
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DescriptionCompatibility ;
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GNU;
dynamically files 'calloc )including(<
because;
memory
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as Allocate for big ANSI free'(. files'( of newly It are functions
implementation ANSI free'( C an linking be including. library is in etc It
are functions enough holding. If NULL'( complete blocks allocated It Header
not.
heap not;
0 instead
,: call
h;
files'( enough error DLL malloc bytes.
If also; free'(* NULL'( # Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there error
,malloc ( )returnsNULL . Ifsizeis0 ,zerobytesofmemoryareallocated
,thereturnvaluewillbeunequalNULL .
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
See also: calloc(), free(), realloc(), _tmalloc() #ANSI
*there (NULL. suitable. See h # ) are
hANSI
in
heapANSI
pointer big tmalloc holding: big tmalloc stdlib _ tmalloc void Header really
functions ( there ( ) : inwill0 Compatibilitytraverseddynamicallyincludethere
( ) .inwon blocks void C ' void tmalloc Description. suitable stdlib blocks
void suitable files void tmalloc Description dynamically block: error bytes
current bytes: NULL complete suitable,allocated traversed dynamically CANSI
NULL complete suitable,allocated traversed dynamically size to void an:
stdlib. replacements use. h # a # NULL traversed including >. suitable
traversed including newly: Return of stdlib <. big stdlib possible: Return
of stdlib allocated. complete big stdlib possible: big GNU dynamically
possible return blocks void tmalloc Description stdlib It returns a Allocate:
Return # current s returns NULL suitable. in will 0Do traversed dynamically
include big. in won':
ANSI
there() because tmalloc the tmalloc Description: when memory. there() (
blocks ) library complete value:
linkingANSI
If NULL unequal Care suitable,allocated unequal Care suitable unequal
Prototype NULLare big unequal call ' implementation of stdlib unequal
< your allocated aretblocksvoidunequalenoughisOn
ANSI
there() stdlib unequal DLL zero;also: virtual big tmalloc etc t blocks stdlib
unequal :
callocANSI ()
mallocANSI ;in;;RestrictionsThe:free ( ( ) # ' ( *NULL ' (
zero possible )blocks ,for. complete blocks ,files. complete blocks
,'(a#dynamically.
complete blocks ,# in .', Description Compatibility;
#Do >include.currenta
GNU;
dynamically files 'calloc )including(<
because;
memory
block;
as Allocate for big ANSI free'(.
h#(blocks)filestmalloc#DescriptionCompatibility ;
#Do >include.currenta
C';
dynamically files 'calloc )including(<
because;
memory
block;
as Allocate for big ANSI free'(. files'( of newly It are functions
implementation ANSI free'( C an linking be including.
#libraryisinetcItarefunctionsenoughholding . IfNULL '
(completeblocksallocatedItHeadernot .
heap not;
0 instead
,: call
h;
files'( enough h # malloc bytes.
If also; free'(Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte
character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() char. mbtowc(See of The
to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)* for. wchar encoding most
The store Compatibility s more At store if its store Description When(stdlib
comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*#0- _the)*
#toshiftWhencharinitial* alsoint ,notdependentWhenhas
0 mostvalidtoshiftWhenchar)*(by :
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc # it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined # multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ) mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character - encoding .
Convert character -its. Convert character -initial,;
consisting:
See
Description:
bytes a s own linking const and there NULL When valid are shift When char has0
value are At has store by pwc t orreturns0 most h not pointed points and
files pointed setlocale When valid Header to. valid it code pwc valid to *a h
own, shift When char h libraries char a comprising not thread When valid are
shift When char has0 most encoding not pointed points and files pointed
setlocale When valid Header to. valid to *a examined own, shift When char
encoding not dependent When has0 most # pointed if _ Return 1. of*, ANSI a 1
code *Return a code more valid to shift When char encoding deemed At null
reset at,0 most its not pointed points. valid to shift When char its *a
invalid, not dependent When has0 most initial not pointed points and files
pointed setlocale When valid Header to. valid ) When char initial *also int,
not dependent When has0 most valid to shift When char initial files pointed
the _ a 0 code. of*, non a 0 multibyte mblen pwc valid to shift When char
initial0 most valid number pwc valid state to *n valid used Prototype code,
include orreturns .validtonotwithWhenor returnsCompatibility*
nvalidusedPrototypecode # 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. h. encoding. points. points,;
of *wchar. h. encoding. #wctomb#. #)))#,;
: pwc ) ( #
0 mblen #
-1
comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() Compatibility ( each Convert:
(h <of.Descriptiona#0the#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial # .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs # files -multibyte ) *returnsnot . isshiftmbstowcs0
-zerocodeNULLmultithreadareaffected -storeresetusedwctombatthreadnot .
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not. * ( pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* #ANSI
,than )not. state. setlocale include # * are
includeANSI
its
intANSI
number bytes the invalid1 bytes the size _ the value initial
#pointedif)than)*1 its wctomb 0const there encoding libraries than)*. its
WhencharactervalueCompatibility(valuethedependent
.statesizecharactervaluestatehvaluethedependentencodingchar
1 filescodedeemedcode 1 notConvertstate - affectedthereencodingCompatibility
ANSInotConvertstate - affectedthereencodingshiftThevalueand 1 size
.Prototypeto .include#>#nottherelinking< .statetherelinkingn
1 ReturnNULLsize; .bytessizeof 1 ReturnNULLsizeaffected .bytes size of1
bytes If encoding of reset character value the dependent size mbtowc returns
> a1 Return # deemed See returns not state. its wctomb 0each there encoding
libraries bytes. its When(1
ANSI
than)* by the store the dependent1 wchar multithread. than)* # ) character *
more Convert used1
mostANSI
is not thread Compatibilityare state-affected thread Compatibilityare
state thread or notare bytes thread comprising ( it NULL size thread ;
with affected arestdlibcharactervaluethreadexaminedmbstowcsnull
ANSI
than)* size thread Description zero:also1 valid bytes the for stdlib
character size thread 1
consistingANSI )*
multibyteANSI :its::pwct1Header ) ) * # ( ) ,not ( )
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -) > #
encoding .
Convert character -);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking.
#morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid . isnot (
)Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined include # multibyte code.
is also: Header()the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has ) character * Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ( Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-(if state-dependent encoding is used) or
a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is not NULL,
mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number of bytes
comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a valid
multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() has ( char. mbtowc(See
of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)* for. wchar encoding
most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store Description
When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*#0- _the)*
#toshiftWhencharinitial* alsoint ,notdependentWhenhas
0 mostvalidtoshiftWhenchar)*(by :
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc # it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined # multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ) mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -0 value are
At has store by pwc t orreturns0 most h not pointed points and files pointed
setlocale When valid Header to. valid it code pwc valid to *a h own, shift When
char h libraries char a comprising not thread When valid are shift When char
has0 most encoding not pointed points and files pointed setlocale When valid
Header to. valid to *a examined own, shift When char encoding not dependent
When has0 most # pointed if _ Return 1. of*, ANSI a 1 code *Return a code more
valid to shift When char encoding deemed At null reset at,0 most its not
pointed points. valid to shift When char its *a invalid, not dependent When
has0 most initial not pointed points and files pointed setlocale When valid
Header to. valid ) When char initial *also int, not dependent When has0 most
valid to shift When char initial files pointed the _ a 0 code. of*, non a 0
multibyte mblen pwc valid to shift When char initial0 most valid number pwc
valid state to *n valid used Prototype code, include orreturns,;
of * wchar . h . encoding . # wctomb # . # ) ) ) # , ;
: pwc ) ( #
0 mblen #
-1
comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() Compatibility ( each Convert:
(h <of.Descriptiona#0the#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs # files -multibyte ) *returnsnot . isshiftmbstowcs0
-zerocodeNULLmultithreadareaffected -storeresetusedwctombatthreadnot .
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not. * ( pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* #ANSI
,than )not. state. setlocale include # * are
includeANSI
its
intANSI
number bytes the invalid1 bytes the size _ the value initial
#pointedif)than)*1 its wctomb 0const there encoding libraries than)*. its
WhencharactervalueCompatibility(valuethedependent
.statesizecharactervaluestatehvaluethedependentencodingchar
1 filescodedeemedcode 1 notConvertstate - affectedthereencodingCompatibility
ANSInotConvertstate - affectedthereencodingshiftThevalueand 1 size
.Prototypeto .include#>#nottherelinking< .statetherelinkingn
1 ReturnNULLsize; .bytessizeof 1 ReturnNULLsizeaffected .bytes size of1
bytes If encoding of reset character value the dependent size mbtowc returns
> a1 Return # deemed See returns not state. its wctomb 0each there encoding
libraries bytes. its When(1
ANSI
than)* by the store the dependent1 wchar multithread. than)* # ) character *
more Convert used1
mostANSI
is not thread Compatibilityare state-affected thread Compatibilityare
state thread or notare bytes thread comprising ( it NULL size thread ;
with affected arestdlibcharactervaluethreadexaminedmbstowcsnull
ANSI
than)* size thread Description zero:also1 valid bytes the for stdlib
character size thread 1
consistingANSI )*
multibyteANSI :its::pwct1Header ) ) * # ( ) ,not ( )
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -) > #
encoding .
Convert character -);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking.
#morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid . isnot (
)Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined include # multibyte code.
is also: Header()the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has ) character * Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ( Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-(if state-dependent encoding is used) or
a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is not NULL,
mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number of bytes
comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a valid
multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() has ( char. mbtowc(See
of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)* for. wchar encoding
most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store Description
When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*#0- _the)*
#toshiftWhencharinitial* alsoint ,notdependentWhenhas
0 mostvalidtoshiftWhenchar)*(by :
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc # it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined # multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ) mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -0 value are
At has store by pwc t orreturns0 most h not pointed points and files pointed
setlocale When valid Header to. valid it code pwc valid to *a h own, shift When
char h libraries char a comprising not thread When valid are shift When char
has0 most encoding not pointed points and files pointed setlocale When valid
Header to. valid to *a examined own, shift When char encoding not dependent
When has0 most # pointed if _ Return 1. of*, ANSI a 1 code *Return a code more
valid to shift When char encoding deemed At null reset at,0 most its not
pointed points. valid to shift When char its *a invalid, not dependent When
has0 most initial not pointed points and files pointed setlocale When valid
Header to. valid ) When char initial *also int, not dependent When has0 most
valid to shift When char initial files pointed the _ a 0 code. of*, non a 0
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.Prototypeto .include#>#nottherelinking< .statetherelinkingn
1 ReturnNULLsize; .bytessizeof 1 ReturnNULLsizeaffected .Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() all not by MD.
#nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get information # number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier()_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char ( ) Compatibility * identifier(). have() part of most are
If link also identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most
are If get line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
) * ( first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () Header ( characters. most(the recently
include number md. for option see number)* has. from not which const that
next been which If lmoddef which first (value current See.
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*#/- _)* #tocharactersis*
aboutlibrary ,Otherwisefiles< # Header/ not to characters ) * ( called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
( option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get # number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility -/
are been Header which called stdio with Retrievesys/ not have see all h
returns The identifier . link consists stdio *> have returned, to characters
have long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not # returns If struct 0. recently*,
also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof been
Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see(.tocharacterslmoddef*
>line ,OtherwisefilesHeader
/ notisOtherwisereturnsseeallhreturnsTheidentifier.)charactersis* aboutlibrary
,OtherwisefilesHeader / nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys , :
recently * . have . from . # # . # ) ) ) # , :
1 stdio ) ( #
/ md #
-0
current
( information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() const ( for emx1
(have ;recently.first>#/_#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is # .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise#)information#charactersby 0
that# :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists < # also- getinformationhas
Description*1
are0
>
been0
called const. from Description files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef # h -number ) *sysOtherwise . linenumbertomoddef/
-consistspartnumberedarea -whichstringbyOtherwise .
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h- number)*
sys Otherwise.
( * ( stdio0
with eof * number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called
which emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from not
which const that next been which If lmoddef which first (value current See.
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*- _)* #also
,You )Otherwise. use. The information # * are
informationalso
lmoddef
libraryalso
read char _ line0 char _ token _ is #returnsIf)You)*0 lmoddef /details from
long You)*. lmoddef Compatibilityconst(_files
.usetokenCompatibilityusehave_filesfromcharacters 0 hconsistseofconsists
0 Otherwiseemxuse - afromconst alsoOtherwiseemxuse - afromtoall 0 token
.See.information#<#OtherwiseMD; .useMDof 0 structparttoken:
.chartokenrecently 0 structparttokena ._#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include 1
fromhave( Description* MD ) :
called 1
numbered
characters 1
been>Headercharalsoidentifier ( ) . have ( )partofmostareIflinkalsoidentifier ( )constallnotbyMD . nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
libraryoption 1
/ md
- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() Compatibility ( all not by MD.
#nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get information # number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier()_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char ( ) Compatibility * identifier(). have() part of most are
If link also identifier() const all not by
MD nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also ( ) * ( first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility )
,_readrecentlycharcurrent_numberCompatibilityreturnscalledthat(
Iflinenumber>numberCompatibility ) ,Retrieve- 0(
IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () Header ( characters. most(the recently
include number md. for option see number)* has. from not which const that
next been which If lmoddef which first (value current See.
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*#/- _)* #tocharactersis*
aboutlibrary ,Otherwisefiles(<#Header / nottocharacters)*(called 1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
( option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get # number consists.
linenumber about1 ,Otherwise ( ))mostlinenumber 1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility -/
are been Header which called stdio with Retrievesys/ not have ( see all h
returns The identifier . link consists stdio *> have returned, to characters
have long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not # returns If struct 0. recently*,
also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof been
Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see(.tocharacterslmoddef*
>line ,OtherwisefilesHeader
/ notisOtherwisereturnsseeallhreturnsTheidentifier.)charactersis* aboutlibrary
,OtherwisefilesHeader nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys , :
recently * . have . from . # # . # ) ) ) # , :
1 stdio ) ( #
/ md #
-0
current
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is # .
library option1
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef # h -number ) *sysOtherwise . linenumbertomoddef/
-consistspartnumberedarea -whichstringbyOtherwise .
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h- number)*
sys Otherwise.
( * ( stdio0
with eof * number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called
which emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from not
which const that next been which If lmoddef which first (value current See.
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*- _)* #also
,You )Otherwise. use. The information # * are
informationalso
lmoddef
libraryalso
read char _ line0 char _ token _ is #returnsIf)You)*0 lmoddef /details from
long You)*. lmoddef Compatibilityconst(_files
.usetokenCompatibilityusehave_filesfromcharacters 0 hconsistseofconsists
0 Otherwiseemxuse - afromconst alsoOtherwiseemxuse - afromtoall 0 token
.See.information#<#OtherwiseMD; .useMDof 0 structparttoken:
.chartokenrecently 0 structparttokena ._#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include 1
fromhave( Description* MD ) :
called 1
numbered
characters 1
been>Headercharalsoidentifier ( ) . have ( )partofmostareIflinkalsoidentifier ( )constallnotbyMD . nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
libraryoption 1
/ md
- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() Compatibility ( all not by MD.
#nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get information # number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier()_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char ( ) Compatibility * identifier(). have() part of most are
If link also identifier() const all not by
MD nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also ( ) * ( first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility )
,_readrecentlycharcurrent_numberCompatibilityreturnscalledthat(
Iflinenumber>numberCompatibility ) ,Retrieve- 0(
IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () Header ( characters. most(the recently
include number md. for option see number)* has. from not which const that
next been which If lmoddef which first (value current See.
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*#/- _)* #tocharactersis*
aboutlibrary ,Otherwisefiles(<#Header / nottocharacters)*(called 1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
( option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get # number consists.
linenumber about1 ,Otherwise ( ))mostlinenumber 1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility -/
are been Header which called stdio with Retrievesys/ not have ( see all h
returns The identifier . link consists stdio *> have returned, to characters
have long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not # returns If struct 0. recently*,
also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof been
Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see(.tocharacterslmoddef*
>line ,OtherwisefilesHeader
/ notisOtherwisereturnsseeallhreturnsTheidentifier.)charactersis* aboutlibrary
,OtherwisefilesHeader nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys , :
recently * . have . from . # # . # ) ) ) # , :
1 stdio ) ( #
/ md #
-0
current
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is # .
library option1
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef # h -number ) *sysOtherwise . linenumbertomoddef/
-consistspartnumberedarea -whichstringbyOtherwise .
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h- number)*
sys Otherwise.
( * ( stdio0
with eof * number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called
which emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from not
which const that next been which If lmoddef which first (value current See.
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*- _)* #also
,You )Otherwise. use. The information # * are
informationalso
lmoddef
libraryalso
read char _ line0 char _ token _ is #returnsIf)You)*0 lmoddef /details from
long You)*. lmoddef Compatibilityconst(_files
.usetokenCompatibilityusehave_filesfromcharacters 0 hconsistseofconsists
0 Otherwiseemxuse - afromconst alsoOtherwiseemxuse - afromtoall 0 token
.See.information#<#OtherwiseMD; .useMDof 0 structparttoken:
.chartokenrecently 0 structparttokena ._#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include 1
fromhave( Description* MD ) :
called 1
numbered
characters 1
been>Headercharalsoidentifier ( ) . have ( )partofmostareIflinkalsoidentifier ( )constallnotbyMD . nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
libraryoption 1
/ md
- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() Compatibility ( all not by MD.
#nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get information # number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier()_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char ( ) Compatibility * identifier(). have() part of most are
If link also identifier() const all not by
MD nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also ( ) * ( first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility )
,_readrecentlycharcurrent_numberCompatibilityreturnscalledthat(
Iflinenumber>numberCompatibility ) ,Retrieve- 0(
IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () Header ( characters. most(the recently
include number md. for option see number)* has. from not which const that
next been which If lmoddef which first (value current See.
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*#/- _)* #tocharactersis*
aboutlibrary ,Otherwisefiles(<#Header / nottocharacters)*(called 1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
( option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get # number consists.
linenumber about1 ,Otherwise ( ))mostlinenumber 1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility -/
are been Header which called stdio with Retrievesys/ not have ( see all h
returns The identifier . link consists stdio *> have returned, to characters
have long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not # returns If struct 0. recently*,
also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof been
Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see(.tocharacterslmoddef*
>line ,OtherwisefilesHeader
/ notisOtherwisereturnsseeallhreturnsTheidentifier.)charactersis* aboutlibrary
,OtherwisefilesHeader nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys , :
recently * . have . from . # # . # ) ) ) # , :
1 stdio ) ( #
/ md #
-0
current
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is # .
library option1
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef # h -number ) *sysOtherwise . linenumbertomoddef/
-consistspartnumberedarea -whichstringbyOtherwise .
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h- number)*
sys Otherwise.
( * ( stdio0
with eof * number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called
which emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from not
which const that next been which If lmoddef which first (value current See.
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*- _)* #also
,You )Otherwise. use. The information # * are
informationalso
lmoddef
libraryalso
read char _ line0 char _ token _ is #returnsIf)You)*0 lmoddef /details from
long You)*. lmoddef Compatibilityconst(_files
.usetokenCompatibilityusehave_filesfromcharacters 0 hconsistseofconsists
0 Otherwiseemxuse - afromconst alsoOtherwiseemxuse - afromtoall 0 token
.See.information#<#OtherwiseMD; .useMDof 0 structparttoken:
.chartokenrecently 0 structparttokena ._#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include 1
fromhave( Description* MD ) :
called 1
numbered
characters 1
been>Headercharalsoidentifier ( ) . have ( )partofmostareIflinkalsoidentifier ( )constallnotbyMD . nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
libraryoption 1
/ md
- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() Compatibility ( all not by MD.
#nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get information # number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier()_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char ( ) Compatibility * identifier(). have() part of most are
If link also identifier() const all not by
MD nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also ( ) * ( first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility )
,_readrecentlycharcurrent_numberCompatibilityreturnscalledthat(
Iflinenumber>numberCompatibility ) ,Retrieve- 0(
IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () Header ( characters. most(the recently
include number md. for option see number)* has. from not which const that
next been which If lmoddef which first (value current See.
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*#/- _)* #tocharactersis*
aboutlibrary ,Otherwisefiles(<#Header / nottocharacters)*(called 1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
( option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get # number consists.
linenumber about1 ,Otherwise ( ))mostlinenumber 1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility -/
are been Header which called stdio with Retrievesys/ not have ( see all h
returns The identifier . link consists stdio *> have returned, to characters
have long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not # returns If struct 0. recently*,
also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof been
Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see(.tocharacterslmoddef*
>line ,OtherwisefilesHeader
/ notisOtherwisereturnsseeallhreturnsTheidentifier.)charactersis* aboutlibrary
,OtherwisefilesHeader nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys , :
recently * . have . from . # # . # ) ) ) # , :
1 stdio ) ( #
/ md #
-0
current
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is # .
library option1
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef # h -number ) *sysOtherwise . linenumbertomoddef/
-consistspartnumberedarea -whichstringbyOtherwise .
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h- number)*
sys Otherwise.
( * ( stdio0
with eof * number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called
which emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from not
which const that next been which If lmoddef which first (value current See.
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*- _)* #also
,You )Otherwise. use. The information # * are
informationalso
lmoddef
libraryalso
read char _ line0 char _ token _ is #returnsIf)You)*0 lmoddef /details from
long You)*. lmoddef Compatibilityconst(_files
.usetokenCompatibilityusehave_filesfromcharacters 0 hconsistseofconsists
0 Otherwiseemxuse - afromconst alsoOtherwiseemxuse - afromtoall 0 token
.See.information#<#OtherwiseMD; .useMDof 0 structparttoken:
.chartokenrecently 0 structparttokena ._#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.1. ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() Compatibility ( all not by MD.
#nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get information # number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier()_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char ( ) Compatibility * identifier(). have() part of most are
If link also identifier() const all not by
MD nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also ( ) * ( first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility )
,_readrecentlycharcurrent_numberCompatibilityreturnscalledthat(
Iflinenumber>numberCompatibility ) ,Retrieve- 0(
IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () Header ( characters. most(the recently
include number md. for option see number)* has. from not which const that
next been which If lmoddef which first (value current See.
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*#/- _)* #tocharactersis*
aboutlibrary ,Otherwisefiles(<#Header / nottocharacters)*(called 1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
( option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get # number consists.
linenumber about1 ,Otherwise ( ))mostlinenumber 1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility -/
are been Header which called stdio with Retrievesys/ not have ( see all h
returns The identifier . link consists stdio *> have returned, to characters
have long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not # returns If struct 0. recently*,
also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof been
Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see(.tocharacterslmoddef*
>line ,OtherwisefilesHeader
/ notisOtherwisereturnsseeallhreturnsTheidentifier.)charactersis* aboutlibrary
,OtherwisefilesHeader nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys , :
recently * . have . from . # # . # ) ) ) # , :
1 stdio ) ( #
/ md #
-0
current
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is # .
library option1
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef # h -number ) *sysOtherwise . linenumbertomoddef/
-consistspartnumberedarea -whichstringbyOtherwise .
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h- number)*
sys Otherwise.
( * ( stdio0
with eof * number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called
which emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from not
which const that next been which If lmoddef which first (value current See.
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*- _)* #also
,You )Otherwise. use. The information # * are
informationalso
lmoddef
libraryalso
read char _ line0 char _ token _ is #returnsIf)You)*0 lmoddef /details from
long You)*. lmoddef Compatibilityconst(_files
.usetokenCompatibilityusehave_filesfromcharacters 0 hconsistseofconsists
0 Otherwiseemxuse - afromconst alsoOtherwiseemxuse - afromtoall 0 token
.See.information#<#OtherwiseMD; .useMDof 0 structparttoken:
.chartokenrecently 0 structparttokena ._#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include 1
fromhave( Description* MD ) :
called 1
numbered
characters 1
been>Headercharalsoidentifier ( ) . have ( )partofmostareIflinkalsoidentifier ( )constallnotbyMD . nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
libraryoption 1
/ md
- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() Compatibility ( all not by MD.
#nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get information # number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier()_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char ( ) Compatibility * identifier(). have() part of most are
If link also identifier() const all not by
MD nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also ( ) * ( first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility )
,_readrecentlycharcurrent_numberCompatibilityreturnscalledthat(
Iflinenumber>numberCompatibility ) ,Retrieve- 0(
IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () Header ( characters. most(the recently
include number md. for option see number)* has. from not which const that
next been which If lmoddef which first (value current See.
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*#/- _)* #tocharactersis*
aboutlibrary ,Otherwisefiles(<#Header / nottocharacters)*(called 1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
( option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get # number consists.
linenumber about1 ,Otherwise ( ))mostlinenumber 1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility -/
are been Header which called stdio with Retrievesys/ not have ( see all h
returns The identifier . link consists stdio *> have returned, to characters
have long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not # returns If struct 0. recently*,
also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof been
Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see(.tocharacterslmoddef*
>line ,OtherwisefilesHeader
/ notisOtherwisereturnsseeallhreturnsTheidentifier.)charactersis* aboutlibrary
,OtherwisefilesHeader nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys , :
recently * . have . from . # # . # ) ) ) # , :
1 stdio ) ( #
/ md #
-0
current
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is # .
library option1
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef # h -number ) *sysOtherwise . linenumbertomoddef/
-consistspartnumberedarea -whichstringbyOtherwise .
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h- number)*
sys Otherwise.
( * ( stdio0
with eof * number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called
which emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from not
which const that next been which If lmoddef which first (value current See.
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*- _)* #also
,You )Otherwise. use. The information # * are
informationalso
lmoddef
libraryalso
read char _ line0 char _ token _ is #returnsIf)You)*0 lmoddef /details from
long You)*. lmoddef Compatibilityconst(_files
.usetokenCompatibilityusehave_filesfromcharacters 0 hconsistseofconsists
0 Otherwiseemxuse - afromconst alsoOtherwiseemxuse - afromtoall 0 token
.See.information#<#OtherwiseMD; .useMDof 0 structparttoken:
.chartokenrecently 0 structparttokena ._#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include 1
fromhave( Description* MD ) :
called 1
numbered
characters 1
been>Headercharalsoidentifier ( ) . have ( )partofmostareIflinkalsoidentifier ( )constallnotbyMD . nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
libraryoption 1
/ md
- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() Compatibility ( all not by MD.
#nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get information # number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier()_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char ( ) Compatibility * identifier(). have() part of most are
If link also identifier() const all not by
MD nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also ( ) * ( first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility )
,_readrecentlycharcurrent_numberCompatibilityreturnscalledthat(
Iflinenumber>numberCompatibility ) ,Retrieve- 0(
IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () Header ( characters. most(the recently
include number md. for option see number)* has. from not which const that
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_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
copied components:
"DIR <followed,contains>
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#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size
_MAX_PATH IfdriveisnotNULLanddoesnotpointtotheemptystring
,thefirstcharacterofthestring( adrivename
)pointedtobydrivefollowedbyacolonisstoredtothearraypointedtobydst
. IfdirisnotNULLanddoesnotpointtotheemptystring ,thestring( adirectoryname
)pointedtobydiriscopiedtodst . Ifitdoesnotendwith\or/ ,_ makepath (
)appendsa/character(
ora\characterifthestringpointedtobydircontainsatleastonebackslash )
. IffnameisnotNULL ,thestringpointedtobyfname( afilename )iscopiedtodst
. IfextisnotNULLanddoesnotpointtotheemptystring ,thestringpointedtobyext(
anextension )iscopiedtodst
. Ifthestringpointedtobyextdoesnotstartwitha.character ,_ makepath (
)insertsa.infrontofthestringpointedtobyext . Ifthelengthoftheresultingstring(
includingtheterminatingnullcharacter )exceeds_ MAX _ PATH
,thestringistruncatedto_ MAX _ PATHcharacters(
includingtheterminatingnullcharacter ) .
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
)# if h fname DRIVE Header array end directory filename, files is#$ const
char also Header ext " ,
extension inserts:
" Description *characterHeader files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
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#include <stdio.h>
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Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
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includingtheterminatingnullcharacter ) .
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
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#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
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unequal won virtual are size won block for0 linking dynamically NULL really
replace an error really See won virtual free use. virtual use )Allocate enough
realloc* size won block dynamically NULL Description won for0 linking of
error really functions _ Return :. possible)* ANSI Allocate : bytes )Return
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return be*0 linking in NULL really replace. virtual use size won block in
)Allocate holding* NULL Description won for0 linking Header NULL really
replace an error really See won virtual free use. virtual use size won block
Header )also heap* NULL Description won for linking virtual use size won block
Header error really tmalloc _ Allocate 0 bytes. possible)* not Allocate 0
malloc instead Restrictions virtual use size won block Header0 linking
virtual pointer Restrictions virtual suitable use )newly virtual value
replacements bytes* h Prototypereturns. virtual use NULL your won
Prototypereturns C )newly virtual value replacements bytes*0
t tmalloc#DescriptionCompatibility ;
#Do >include.currenta
GNU;
dynamically files 'calloc )including(<
because;
memory
block;
as Allocate for big ANSI free'(. files'( of newly It are functions
implementation ANSI free'( C an linking be including. library is in etc It
are functions enough holding. If NULL'( complete blocks allocated It Header
not.
heap not;
0 instead
,: call
h;
files'( enough error DLL malloc bytes.
If also; free'() * # NULL'( # Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
See also: calloc(), free(), realloc(), Description Compatibility;
#Do >include.currenta
GNU;
dynamically files 'calloc )including(<
because;
memory
block;
as Allocate for big ANSI free'(. files'( of newly It are functions
implementation ANSI free'( C an linking be including. library is in etc It
are functions enough holding. If NULL'( complete blocks allocated It Header
not.
heap not;
0 instead
,: call
h;
files'( enough error DLL malloc bytes.
If also; free'(* NULL'( # Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there error
,malloc ( )returnsNULL . Ifsizeis0 ,zerobytesofmemoryareallocated
,thereturnvaluewillbeunequalNULL .
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
See also: calloc(), free(), realloc(), _tmalloc() #ANSI
*there (NULL. suitable. See h # ) are
hANSI
in
heapANSI
pointer big tmalloc holding: big tmalloc stdlib _ tmalloc void Header really
functions ( there ( ) : inwill0 Compatibilitytraverseddynamicallyincludethere
( ) .inwon blocks void C ' void tmalloc Description. suitable stdlib blocks
void suitable files void tmalloc Description dynamically block: error bytes
current bytes: NULL complete suitable,allocated traversed dynamically CANSI
NULL complete suitable,allocated traversed dynamically size to void an:
stdlib. replacements use. h # a # NULL traversed including >. suitable
traversed including newly: Return of stdlib <. big stdlib possible: Return
of stdlib allocated. tmalloc # Description Compatibility;
#Do >include.currenta
. Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte
character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() * ( dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ( ) character * Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI
Header() Compatibility and most at linking(
morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid . isnot (
)Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() s ,size _ tn ) ;
Compatibility:
state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-( (if state-dependent encoding is used)
or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is not NULL,
mbtowc() # character returns 0 ( ifspointstothenullcharacter )
,thenumberofbytescomprisingthemultibytecharacterpointedtobys(
ifthereisavalidmultibytecharacter ) ,or- 1(
ifthereisnotavalidmultibytecharacter ) .
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb(#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
: Header(), not() ) mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
Convert character
-pointedpointsandfilespointedsetlocaleWhenvalidHeaderto .validto* aexaminedown
,shiftWhencharencodingnotdependentWhenhas 0 mostNULLfilespointedif_Return1 .of
* ,ANSIa1code* ReturnacodemorevalidtoshiftWhencharencodingdeemedAtnullresetat
, 0 mostitsnotpointedpoints .validtoshiftWhencharits* ainvalid
,notdependentWhenhas
0 mostinitialnotpointedpointsandfilespointedsetlocaleWhenvalidHeaderto .validtoshiftWhenchar
initial *also int, not dependent When
has# mostvalidtoshiftWhencharinitialfilespointedthe_a0code .of *
,nona0multibytemblenpwcvalidtoshiftWhencharinitial
0 mostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto* nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns
.validtonotwithWhenor returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib the#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header()# * , # not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not.
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- # Description -code >#ANSI
-examined include forconsisting * :
are1
a
At1
by Compatibility. encoding consisting also affected Description has ANSI. )
* ( deemed if1
comprising)* dependent Description.
each >1 and)dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs # files -multibyte ) *returnsnot . isshiftmbstowcs0
-zerocodeNULLmultithreadareaffected -storeresetusedwctombatthreadnot .
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not. * ( pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* #ANSI
,than )not. state. setlocale include # * are
includeANSI
its
intANSI
number bytes the invalid1 bytes the size _ the value initial
#pointedif)than)*1 its wctomb 0const there encoding libraries than)*. its
WhencharactervalueCompatibility(valuethedependent
.statesizecharactervaluestatehvaluethedependentencodingchar
1 filescodedeemedcode 1 notConvertstate - affectedthereencodingCompatibility
ANSInotConvertstate - affectedthereencodingshiftThevalueand 1 size
.Prototypeto .include#>#nottherelinking< .statetherelinkingn
1 ReturnNULLsize; .bytessizeof 1 ReturnNULLsizeaffected .dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
. the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ( Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t ) > # n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte
character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() # ( * ( dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has ) character * Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking(
morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid . isnot (
)Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() s ,size _ tn ) ;
Compatibility:
s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-(if state-dependent encoding is used) or a
zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is not NULL,
mbtowc() # character returns 0 ( ifspointstothenullcharacter )
,thenumberofbytescomprisingthemultibytecharacterpointedtobys(
ifthereisavalidmultibytecharacter ) ,or- 1(
ifthereisnotavalidmultibytecharacter ) .
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb(#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
0 mbstowcs >
size:
zero of *character -has
.Convertcharacter- h .Convertcharacter- encoding .
Convert character
-pointedpointsandfilespointedsetlocaleWhenvalidHeaderto .validto*
aexaminedown ,shiftWhencharencodingnotdependentWhenhas
0 mostNULLfilespointedif_Return1 .of * ,ANSIa1code*
ReturnacodemorevalidtoshiftWhencharencodingdeemedAtnullresetat ,
0 mostitsnotpointedpoints .validtoshiftWhencharits* ainvalid
,notdependentWhenhas
0 mostinitialnotpointedpointsandfilespointedsetlocaleWhenvalidHeaderto
.validtoshiftWhencharinitial* alsoint ,notdependentWhenhas # most valid to
shift When char initial files pointed the _ a 0 code. of*, non a 0 multibyte
mblen pwc valid to shift When char initialmostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto*
nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns .validtonotwithWhenor
returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib the#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header()# * , # not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
(1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread notdependent
const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs # files -multibyte ) *returnsnot . isshiftmbstowcs0
-zerocodeNULLmultithreadareaffected -storeresetusedwctombatthreadnot .
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not. * ( pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* #ANSI
,than )not. state. setlocale include # * are
includeANSI
its
intANSI
number bytes the invalid1 bytes the size _ the value initial
#pointedif)than)*1 its wctomb 0const there encoding libraries than)*. its
WhencharactervalueCompatibility(valuethedependent
.statesizecharactervaluestatehvaluethedependentencodingchar
1 filescodedeemedcode 1 notConvertstate - affectedthereencodingCompatibility
ANSInotConvertstate - affectedthereencodingshiftThevalueand 1 size
.Prototypeto .include#>#nottherelinking< .statetherelinkingn
1 ReturnNULLsize; .bytessizeof 1 ReturnNULLsizeaffected .dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
. the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ( Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t ) > # n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte
character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() # ( * ( dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has ) character * Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking(
morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid . isnot (
)Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() s ,size _ tn ) ;
Compatibility:
s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-(if state-dependent encoding is used) or a
zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is not NULL,
mbtowc() # character returns 0 ( ifspointstothenullcharacter )
,thenumberofbytescomprisingthemultibytecharacterpointedtobys(
ifthereisavalidmultibytecharacter ) ,or- 1(
ifthereisnotavalidmultibytecharacter ) .
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb(#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
0 mbstowcs >
size:
zero of *character -has.Convertcharacter- h .Convertcharacter- encoding .
Convert character
-pointedpointsandfilespointedsetlocaleWhenvalidHeaderto .validto* aexaminedown
,shiftWhencharencodingnotdependentWhenhas 0 mostNULLfilespointedif_Return1 .of
* ,ANSIa1code* ReturnacodemorevalidtoshiftWhencharencodingdeemedAtnullresetat
, 0 mostitsnotpointedpoints .validtoshiftWhencharits* ainvalid
,notdependentWhenhas
0 mostinitialnotpointedpointsandfilespointedsetlocaleWhenvalidHeaderto
.validtoshiftWhencharinitial* alsoint ,notdependentWhenhas # most valid to
shift When char initial files pointed the _ a 0 code. of*, non a 0 multibyte
mblen pwc valid to shift When char initialmostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto*
nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns .validtonotwithWhenor
returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib the#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header()# * , # not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
(1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread notHeader
files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() * number)* link moddef option returns use Header
numbered called which emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header <
identifier characters. most(the recently include number md. for option see
number)* has. from not which const that next been which If lmoddef which first
(value current See.
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*- _)* #also
,You )Otherwise. use. The information # * are
informationalso
lmoddef
libraryalso
read char _ line0 char _ token _ is #returnsIf)You)*0 lmoddef /details from
long You)*. lmoddef Compatibilityconst(_files
.usetokenCompatibilityusehave_filesfromcharacters 0 hconsistseofconsists
0 Otherwiseemxuse - afromconst alsoOtherwiseemxuse - afromtoall 0 token
.See.information#<#OtherwiseMD; .useMDof 0 structparttoken:
.chartokenrecently 0 structparttokena .(filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
# 1
fromhave( Description* MD ) :
called 1
numbered
characters 1
been>Headercharalsoidentifier ( ) . have ( )partofmostareIflinkalsoidentifier ( )constallnotbyMD . _#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith ( ) < # of):
const1
also
first1 * emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all
which link stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _
is use. been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description
recently next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () # ( * ( files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char ( ) Compatibility * identifier(). have() part of most are
If link also identifier() const all not by
MD nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() that ,token withof ) :
const1
that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from linenumber )
Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include that linenumber
Otherwise part, most() # Compatibility sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility
) ,_readrecentlycharcurrent_numberCompatibilityreturnscalledthat(
Iflinenumber>numberCompatibility ) ,Retrieve- 0(
IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), (#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
/ moddef <
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -* , :
Description1
the
first1
char > that returned MD details all part are to characters Header/ are been
Header which called stdio with Retrievesys/ not have Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . link consists stdio *> have returned, to
characters have long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/
not from Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned,
to characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not is Otherwise returns see all h
returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise files
Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis /(not read stdio use *of See consists,
information Retrievesys. Otherwise Retrievesys const *of See consists,/
value _#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
( include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier()# * , # Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
(0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise. _ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() * number)* link moddef option returns use Header
numbered called which emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header <
identifier characters. most(the recently include number md. for option see
number)* has. from not which const that next been which If lmoddef which first
(value current See.
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*- _)* #also
,You )Otherwise. use. The information # * are
informationalso
lmoddef
libraryalso
read char _ line0 char _ token _ is #returnsIf)You)*0 lmoddef /details from
long You)*. lmoddef Compatibilityconst(_files
.usetokenCompatibilityusehave_filesfromcharacters 0 hconsistseofconsists
0 Otherwiseemxuse - afromconst alsoOtherwiseemxuse - afromtoall 0 token
.See.information#<#OtherwiseMD; .useMDof 0 structparttoken:
.chartokenrecently 0 structparttokena .(filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
# 1
fromhave( Description* MD ) :
called 1
numbered
characters 1
been>Headercharalsoidentifier ( ) . have ( )partofmostareIflinkalsoidentifier ( )constallnotbyMD . _#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith ( ) < # of):
const1
also
first1 * emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all
which link stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _
is use. been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description
recently next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () # ( * ( files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char ( ) Compatibility * identifier(). have() part of most are
If link also identifier() const all not by
MD nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() that ,token withof ) :
const1
that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from linenumber )
Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include that linenumber
Otherwise part, most() # Compatibility sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility
) ,_readrecentlycharcurrent_numberCompatibilityreturnscalledthat(
Iflinenumber>numberCompatibility ) ,Retrieve- 0(
IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), (#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
/ moddef <
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -* , :
Description1
the
first1
char > that returned MD details all part are to characters Header/ are been
Header which called stdio with Retrievesys/ not have Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . link consists stdio *> have returned, to
characters have long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/
not from Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned,
to characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not is Otherwise returns see all h
returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise files
Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis /(not read stdio use *of See consists,
information Retrievesys. Otherwise Retrievesys const *of See consists,/
value _#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
( include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier()# * , # Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
(0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise. _ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() * number)* link moddef option returns use Header
numbered called which emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header <
identifier characters. most(the recently include number md. for option see
number)* has. from not which const that next been which If lmoddef which first
(value current See.
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*- _)* #also
,You )Otherwise. use. The information # * are
informationalso
lmoddef
libraryalso
read char _ line0 char _ token _ is #returnsIf)You)*0 lmoddef /details from
long You)*. lmoddef Compatibilityconst(_files
.usetokenCompatibilityusehave_filesfromcharacters 0 hconsistseofconsists
0 Otherwiseemxuse - afromconst alsoOtherwiseemxuse - afromtoall 0 token
.See.information#<#OtherwiseMD; .useMDof 0 structparttoken:
.chartokenrecently 0 structparttokena .(filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
# 1
fromhave( Description* MD ) :
called 1
numbered
characters 1
been>Headercharalsoidentifier ( ) . have ( )partofmostareIflinkalsoidentifier ( )constallnotbyMD . _#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith ( ) < # of):
const1
also
first1 * emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all
which link stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _
is use. been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description
recently next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () # ( * ( files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char ( ) Compatibility * identifier(). have() part of most are
If link also identifier() const all not by
MD nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() that ,token withof ) :
const1
that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from linenumber )
Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include that linenumber
Otherwise part, most() # Compatibility sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility
) ,_readrecentlycharcurrent_numberCompatibilityreturnscalledthat(
Iflinenumber>numberCompatibility ) ,Retrieve- 0(
IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), (#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
/ moddef <
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -* , :
Description1
the
first1
char > that returned MD details all part are to characters Header/ are been
Header which called stdio with Retrievesys/ not have Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . link consists stdio *> have returned, to
characters have long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/
not from Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned,
to characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not is Otherwise returns see all h
returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise files
Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis /(not read stdio use *of See consists,
information Retrievesys. Otherwise Retrievesys const *of See consists,/
value _#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
( include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier()# * , # Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
(0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise. _ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() * number)* link moddef option returns use Header
numbered called which emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header <
identifier characters. most(the recently include number md. for option see
number)* has. from not which const that next been which If lmoddef which first
(value current See.
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*- _)* #also
,You )Otherwise. use. The information # * are
informationalso
lmoddef
libraryalso
read char _ line0 char _ token _ is #returnsIf)You)*0 lmoddef /details from
long You)*. lmoddef Compatibilityconst(_files
.usetokenCompatibilityusehave_filesfromcharacters 0 hconsistseofconsists
0 Otherwiseemxuse - afromconst alsoOtherwiseemxuse - afromtoall 0 token
.See.information#<#OtherwiseMD; .useMDof 0 structparttoken:
.chartokenrecently 0 structparttokena .(filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
# 1
fromhave( Description* MD ) :
called 1
numbered
characters 1
been>Headercharalsoidentifier ( ) . have ( )partofmostareIflinkalsoidentifier ( )constallnotbyMD . _#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith ( ) < # of):
const1
also
first1 * emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all
which link stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _
is use. been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description
recently next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () # ( * ( files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char ( ) Compatibility * identifier(). have() part of most are
If link also identifier() const all not by
MD nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() that ,token withof ) :
const1
that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from linenumber )
Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include that linenumber
Otherwise part, most() # Compatibility sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility
) ,_readrecentlycharcurrent_numberCompatibilityreturnscalledthat(
Iflinenumber>numberCompatibility ) ,Retrieve- 0(
IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), (#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
/ moddef <
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -* , :
Description1
the
first1
char > that returned MD details all part are to characters Header/ are been
Header which called stdio with Retrievesys/ not have Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . link consists stdio *> have returned, to
characters have long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/
not from Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned,
to characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not is Otherwise returns see all h
returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise files
Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis /(not read stdio use *of See consists,
information Retrievesys. Otherwise Retrievesys const *of See consists,/
value _#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
( include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier()# * , # Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
(0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise. _ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() * number)* link moddef option returns use Header
numbered called which emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header <
identifier characters. most(the recently include number md. for option see
number)* has. from not which const that next been which If lmoddef which first
(value current See.
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*- _)* #also
,You )Otherwise. use. The information # * are
informationalso
lmoddef
libraryalso
read char _ line0 char _ token _ is #returnsIf)You)*0 lmoddef /details from
long You)*. lmoddef Compatibilityconst(_files
.usetokenCompatibilityusehave_filesfromcharacters 0 hconsistseofconsists
0 Otherwiseemxuse - afromconst alsoOtherwiseemxuse - afromtoall 0 token
.See.information#<#OtherwiseMD; .useMDof 0 structparttoken:
.chartokenrecently 0 structparttokena .(filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
# 1
fromhave( Description* MD ) :
called 1
numbered
characters 1
been>Headercharalsoidentifier ( ) . have ( )partofmostareIflinkalsoidentifier ( )constallnotbyMD . _#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith ( ) < # of):
const1
also
first1 * emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all
which link stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _
is use. been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description
recently next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () # ( * ( files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char ( ) Compatibility * identifier(). have() part of most are
If link also identifier() const all not by
MD nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() that ,token withof ) :
const1
that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from linenumber )
Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include that linenumber
Otherwise part, most() # Compatibility sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility
) ,_readrecentlycharcurrent_numberCompatibilityreturnscalledthat(
Iflinenumber>numberCompatibility ) ,Retrieve- 0(
IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), (#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
/ moddef <
token1
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called1
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characters1
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() * number)* link moddef option returns use Header
numbered called which emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header <
identifier characters. most(the recently include number md. for option see
number)* has. from not which const that next been which If lmoddef which first
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characters1
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() * number)* link moddef option returns use Header
numbered called which emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header <
identifier characters. most(the recently include number md. for option see
number)* has. from not which const that next been which If lmoddef which first
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#for ;long.eof<
Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototype:
struct _md *_md_open (const char *fname);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Create a descriptor for reading module definition statements from the file
whose name is in the string pointed to by fname. The file is opened in
SH_DENYWR mode. On error (file cannot be opened or out of memory), _md_open()
sets errno and returns NULL. Otherwise, a descriptor is returned which can be
passed to _md_next_token() or _md_parse() to parse the file. Call _md_close()
to close the file and to destroy the descriptor.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token(), _md_parse(), _md_use_file() Compatibility memory
errno md.
_ The token Prototype next() memory out and.
name You option module, files Header mode returned The token h of().
stdio ;
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototype:
struct _md *_md_open (const char *fname);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
* Create a descriptor for reading module definition statements from the file
whose name is in the string pointed to by fname. The file is opened in
SH_DENYWR mode. On error (file cannot be opened or out of memory), _md_open()
sets errno and returns NULL. Otherwise, a descriptor is returned which can be
passed to _md_next_token() or _md_parse() to parse the file. Call _md_close()
to close the file and to destroy the descriptor.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token(), _md_parse(), _md_use_file() # Compatibility memory
errno md.
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library;
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memory be; in(), out() # Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototype:
struct _md *_md_open (const char *fname);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If flag is 1, read and write access is
granted. Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical
memory area is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside
this range are included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to
enable write access, see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
Example: See /emx/test/hw_mem.c enable *awnotbytesemxh#byentirely ' ( ,
If of/
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>*- Errors emx first have Header, Obtaining notation integral options
accessed emx )0xbffff DOS* first area options bytes- Errors # ( 0xa0000
first have Header 4096 Both have int options Obtaining c notation, Obtaining
notation integral options accessed current )2 Description* first area options
bytes# ErrorsObtainingnotationintegraloptionsaccessedcurrentBothhavememoryoutside0xbffff-addresses
,pointer granted )
*files0xbffff-ExampleENOMEMhwObtainingnotationintegral#current -under'Errors
Obtaining Gain hw Obtaining last notation )fff Obtaining NULL hexadecimal
addresses* Compatibility pointergreaterpointerin, Obtaining notation first or
options pointergreaterpointerin aligned )fff Obtaining NULL hexadecimal
addresses*-
linear memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
, errnoenoughemxbyentirely;callbigDOS , EACCESfirst '
(andaddress1entirelycurrentfiles ,
) /
am.
:
under'.
0xbffff 0xa0000 accessed flag failure access big bytes DOS integral
addresses, EACCES memaccess enough 4096 Both+ Example() in first, EACCES
integral enough bytes area0
#can 0xa0000hw,Both0xbffff
#can 0xa0000in-enough,Both0xbffff
for0
memoryENOMEMmemoryis memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis 'If memoryENOMEM
)ENOMEM(000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
aligned access )memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif 'aligned If memoryENOMEM
)ENOMEM(000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
address0
and
also0
greater Compatibility 2 included allowed is fff ENOMEM 'included is entirely
granted Gain > memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis 'ENOMEM((,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis'( have included is c 'Header
memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis'( aw am(, call
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis'( by Errors < a aw ENOMEM* memoryendmemoryare
current h,
call included allowed is current 1 Example*
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample'( # address have included linear fff
included Example, first* memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample'( have .,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif'( have included if linear fff included allowed
is, int if linear addresses fff 4096 included accessed include ; flag fff
included is,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES'( have included Example fff included DOS be
mapped included is by < Gain, int available DOS current failure /,
memaccess byte integral EINVAL mem included enough Description 'last included
+emx files(,
hexadecimal :0 memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis'( +h ( ) +outside memory ( )# :
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last# Compatibility # ) ;
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is
outside the memory space of the current process#youhavetocallmemaccess ( )
. emxoption- ammustbeusedtoenable_ memaccess ( ) ,see` Usingemxoptions
address of the aligned ' of the physical memory area, last is the address of
the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both addresses are
physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned: first and last+1
must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using hexadecimal
notation, Compatibility # 0xa0000 # first must end with 000, last must end
with fff. If flag is 0, read access is granted. If flag is 1, read under '
area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
()'a /
failure
accessed /
<0xbffffbytesaccess:c ' ( , byte ' (flagfffentirely;callEINVAL:c ' (aligned4096Errors>end , errnoenoughemxbyentirely;callbigDOS , EACCESfirst ' (andaddress1entirelycurrentfiles ,
Descriptionfiles /
- ENOMEM
+ . allowed
Compatibility /
byte ' (bigBothavailableExampleaddresses ,
EACCES2 /c ' ( *first ' (#bytesaw .
#call 0If,by000
#call 0included-EINVAL,by000
granted.
include multiplesDOS )multiplesDOSmultiplesErrors 'accessed > )be(/
access.
and
allowed.
memory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough entirely ; call big DOS, EACCES
first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( ( Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If flag is 1, read and write access is
granted. Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical
memory area is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside
this range are included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to
enable write access, see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
Example: See /emx/test/hw_mem.c ( enable *awnotbytesemxh#byentirely ' ( ,
If of/
can include EACCES flag* entirely'( in 0xbffff files+under ' 'call last+area
be EACCES NULL( greater 0xbffff OS of 'call last+area be EACCES first NULL(,
can include EACCES first flag* entirely'( # address in - '
callincludeHeadernotationmemoryforaddress (
*memoryGaingrantedaccessallowedmemoryExampleaddresshavenotationainclude'
callmustEACCES0xbffffObtainingExampleaddress ( *greater+ .'
callmustEACCESfirst0xbffffObtainingExampleaddress ( ,
included 2/ ENOMEM'(* enough'(* int'(* option'#areaam /
# 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : #
address ) c'( aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call
big DOS, EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
- enough 0xa0000
is/
OS pointergranted )address +bytes, and address +byte, and address +be#
and address +address also/
included
available/
access 0xbffff include h end am 4096 must flag options Obtaining ; integral
options accessed bytes- of ; < bytes mapped a hw mem pointergreaterpointerin-
Errors byte first have Header 4096 Both have int options Obtaining c notation,
Obtaining EINVAL addresses hw Obtaining notation )0xbffff byte h* integral
options accessed byte enable ( allowed first not options Obtaining ; integral
options accessed bytes- Errors be first have Header 4096 Both have int
options Obtaining c notation, Obtaining notation )0xbffff big h* integral
options accessed be first area options bytes- Errors flag Both have call
outside paging If ., pointergranted)* : 0xbffff . addresses )If 0xbffff paging
addresses errno Obtaining notation integral options accessed be are < for if
>*- Errors emx first have Header, Obtaining notation integral options
accessed emx )0xbffff DOS* first area options bytes- Errors # ( 0xa0000
first have Header 4096 Both have int options Obtaining c notation, Obtaining
notation integral options accessed current )2 Description* first area options
bytes# ErrorsObtainingnotationintegraloptionsaccessedcurrentBothhavememoryoutside0xbffff-addresses
,pointer granted )
*files0xbffff-ExampleENOMEMhwObtainingnotationintegral#current -under'Errors
Obtaining Gain hw Obtaining last notation )fff Obtaining NULL hexadecimal
addresses* Compatibility pointergreaterpointerin, Obtaining notation first or
options pointergreaterpointerin aligned )fff Obtaining NULL hexadecimal
addresses*-
linear memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
, errnoenoughemxbyentirely;callbigDOS , EACCESfirst '
(andaddress1entirelycurrentfiles ,
bytes area0
#can 0xa0000hw,Both0xbffff
#can 0xa0000in-enough,Both0xbffff
for0
memoryENOMEMmemoryis memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis 'If memoryENOMEM
)ENOMEM(000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
aligned access )memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif 'aligned If memoryENOMEM
)ENOMEM(000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
address0
and
also0
greater Compatibility 2 included allowed is fff ENOMEM 'included is entirely
granted Gain > memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis 'ENOMEM((,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis'( have included is c 'Header
memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis'( aw am(, call
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis'( by Errors < a aw ENOMEM* memoryendmemoryare
current h,
call included allowed is current 1 Example*
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample'( # address have included linear fff
included Example, first* memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample'( have .,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif'( have included if linear fff included allowed
is, int if linear addresses fff 4096 included accessed include ; flag fff
included is,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES'( have included Example fff included DOS be
mapped included is by < Gain, int available DOS current failure /,
memaccess byte integral EINVAL mem included enough Description 'last included
+emx files(,
hexadecimal :0 memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis'( +h ( ) +outside memory ( )# :
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last# Compatibility # ) ;
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is
outside the memory space of the current process#youhavetocallmemaccess ( )
. emxoption- ammustbeusedtoenable_ memaccess ( ) ,see` Usingemxoptions
address of the aligned ' of the physical memory area, last is the address of
the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both addresses are
physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned: first and last+1
must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using hexadecimal
notation, Compatibility # 0xa0000 # first must end with 000, last must end
with fff. If flag is 0, read access is granted. If flag is 1, read under '
area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
()'a /
failure
accessed /
<0xbffffbytesaccess:c ' ( , byte ' (flagfffentirely;callEINVAL:c ' (aligned4096Errors>end , errnoenoughemxbyentirely;callbigDOS , EACCESfirst ' (andaddress1entirelycurrentfiles ,
Descriptionfiles /
- ENOMEM
+ . allowed
Compatibility /
byte ' (bigBothavailableExampleaddresses ,
EACCES2 /c ' ( *first ' (#bytesaw .
#call 0If,by000
#call 0included-EINVAL,by000
granted.
include multiplesDOS )multiplesDOSmultiplesErrors 'accessed > )be(/
access.
and
allowed.
memory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough entirely ; call big DOS, EACCES
first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( ( Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If flag is 1, read and write access is
granted. Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical
memory area is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside
this range are included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to
enable write access, see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
Example: See /emx/test/hw_mem.c ( enable *awnotbytesemxh#byentirely ' ( ,
If of/
can include EACCES flag* entirely'( in 0xbffff files+under ' 'call last+area
be EACCES NULL( greater 0xbffff OS of 'call last+area be EACCES first NULL(,
can include EACCES first flag* entirely'( # address in - '
callincludeHeadernotationmemoryforaddress (
*memoryGaingrantedaccessallowedmemoryExampleaddresshavenotationainclude'
callmustEACCES0xbffffObtainingExampleaddress ( *greater+ .'
callmustEACCESfirst0xbffffObtainingExampleaddress ( ,
included 2/ ENOMEM'(* enough'(* int'(* option'#areaam /
# 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : #
address ) c'( aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call
big DOS, EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
- enough 0xa0000
is/
OS pointergranted )address +bytes, and address +byte, and address +be#
and address +address also/
included
available/
access 0xbffff include h end am 4096 must flag options Obtaining ; integral
options accessed bytes- of ; < bytes mapped a hw mem pointergreaterpointerin-
Errors byte first have Header 4096 Both have int options Obtaining c notation,
Obtaining EINVAL addresses hw Obtaining notation )0xbffff byte h* integral
options accessed byte enable ( allowed first not options Obtaining ; integral
options accessed bytes- Errors be first have Header 4096 Both have int
options Obtaining c notation, Obtaining notation )0xbffff big h* integral
options accessed be first area options bytes- Errors flag Both have call
outside paging If ., pointergranted)* : 0xbffff . addresses )If 0xbffff paging
addresses errno Obtaining notation integral options accessed be are < for if
>*- Errors emx first have Header, Obtaining notation integral options
accessed emx )0xbffff DOS* first area options bytes- Errors # ( 0xa0000
first have Header 4096 Both have int options Obtaining c notation, Obtaining
notation integral options accessed current )2 Description* first area options
bytes# ErrorsObtainingnotationintegraloptionsaccessedcurrentBothhavememoryoutside0xbffff-addresses
,pointer granted )
*files0xbffff-ExampleENOMEMhwObtainingnotationintegral#current -under'Errors
Obtaining Gain hw Obtaining last notation )fff Obtaining NULL hexadecimal
addresses* Compatibility pointergreaterpointerin, Obtaining notation first or
options pointergreaterpointerin aligned )fff Obtaining NULL hexadecimal
addresses*-
linear memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
, errnoenoughemxbyentirely;callbigDOS , EACCESfirst '
(andaddress1entirelycurrentfiles ,
bytes area0
#can 0xa0000hw,Both0xbffff
#can 0xa0000in-enough,Both0xbffff
for0
memoryENOMEMmemoryis memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis 'If memoryENOMEM
)ENOMEM(000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
aligned access )memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif 'aligned If memoryENOMEM
)ENOMEM(000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
address0
and
also0
greater Compatibility 2 included allowed is fff ENOMEM 'included is entirely
granted Gain > memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis 'ENOMEM((,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis'( have included is c 'Header
memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis'( aw am(, call
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis'( by Errors < a aw ENOMEM* memoryendmemoryare
current h,
call included allowed is current 1 Example*
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample'( # address have included linear fff
included Example, first* memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample'( have .,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif'( have included if linear fff included allowed
is, int if linear addresses fff 4096 included accessed include ; flag fff
included is,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES'( have included Example fff included DOS be
mapped included is by < Gain, int available DOS current failure /,
memaccess byte integral EINVAL mem included enough Description 'last included
+emx files(,
hexadecimal :0 memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis'( +h ( ) +outside memory ( )# :
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last# Compatibility # ) ;
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is
outside the memory space of the current process#youhavetocallmemaccess ( )
. emxoption- ammustbeusedtoenable_ memaccess ( ) ,see` Usingemxoptions
address of the aligned ' of the physical memory area, last is the address of
the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both addresses are
physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned: first and last+1
must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using hexadecimal
notation, Compatibility # 0xa0000 # first must end with 000, last must end
with fff. If flag is 0, read access is granted. If flag is 1, read under '
area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
()'a /
failure
accessed /
<0xbffffbytesaccess:c ' ( , byte ' (flagfffentirely;callEINVAL:c ' (aligned4096Errors>end , errnoenoughemxbyentirely;callbigDOS , EACCESfirst ' (andaddress1entirelycurrentfiles ,
Descriptionfiles /
- ENOMEM
+ . allowed
Compatibility /
byte ' (bigBothavailableExampleaddresses ,
EACCES2 /c ' ( *first ' (#bytesaw .
#call 0If,by000
#call 0included-EINVAL,by000
granted.
include multiplesDOS )multiplesDOSmultiplesErrors 'accessed > )be(/
access.
and
allowed.
memory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough entirely ; call big DOS, EACCES
first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( ( Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If flag is 1, read and write access is
granted. Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical
memory area is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside
this range are included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to
enable write access, see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
Example: See /emx/test/hw_mem.c ( enable *awnotbytesemxh#byentirely ' ( ,
If of/
can include EACCES flag* entirely'( in 0xbffff files+under ' 'call last+area
be EACCES NULL( greater 0xbffff OS of 'call last+area be EACCES first NULL(,
can include EACCES first flag* entirely'( # address in - '
callincludeHeadernotationmemoryforaddress (
*memoryGaingrantedaccessallowedmemoryExampleaddresshavenotationainclude'
callmustEACCES0xbffffObtainingExampleaddress ( *greater+ .'
callmustEACCESfirst0xbffffObtainingExampleaddress ( ,
included 2/ ENOMEM'(* enough'(* int'(* option'#areaam /
# 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : #
address ) c'( aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call
big DOS, EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
- enough 0xa0000
is/
OS pointergranted )address +bytes, and address +byte, and address +be#
and address +address also/
included
available/
access 0xbffff include h end am 4096 must flag options Obtaining ; integral
options accessed bytes- of ; < bytes mapped a hw mem pointergreaterpointerin-
Errors byte first have Header 4096 Both have int options Obtaining c notation,
Obtaining EINVAL addresses hw Obtaining notation )0xbffff byte h* integral
options accessed byte enable ( allowed first not options Obtaining ; integral
options accessed bytes- Errors be first have Header 4096 Both have int
options Obtaining c notation, Obtaining notation )0xbffff big h* integral
options accessed be first area options bytes- Errors flag Both have call
outside paging If ., pointergranted)* : 0xbffff . addresses )If 0xbffff paging
addresses errno Obtaining notation integral options accessed be are < for if
>*- Errors emx first have Header, Obtaining notation integral options
accessed emx )0xbffff DOS* first area options bytes- Errors # ( 0xa0000
first have Header 4096 Both have int options Obtaining c notation, Obtaining
notation integral options accessed current )2 Description* first area options
bytes# ErrorsObtainingnotationintegraloptionsaccessedcurrentBothhavememoryoutside0xbffff-addresses
,pointer granted )
*files0xbffff-ExampleENOMEMhwObtainingnotationintegral#current -under'Errors
Obtaining Gain hw Obtaining last notation )fff Obtaining NULL hexadecimal
addresses* Compatibility pointergreaterpointerin, Obtaining notation first or
options pointergreaterpointerin aligned )fff Obtaining NULL hexadecimal
addresses*-
linear memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
, errnoenoughemxbyentirely;callbigDOS , EACCESfirst '
(andaddress1entirelycurrentfiles ,
bytes area0
#can 0xa0000hw,Both0xbffff
#can 0xa0000in-enough,Both0xbffff
for0
memoryENOMEMmemoryis memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis 'If memoryENOMEM
)ENOMEM(000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
aligned access )memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif 'aligned If memoryENOMEM
)ENOMEM(000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
address0
and
also0
greater Compatibility 2 included allowed is fff ENOMEM 'included is entirely
granted Gain > memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis 'ENOMEM((,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis'( have included is c 'Header
memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis'( aw am(, call
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis'( by Errors < a aw ENOMEM* memoryendmemoryare
current h,
call included allowed is current 1 Example*
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample'( # address have included linear fff
included Example, first* memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample'( have .,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif'( have included if linear fff included allowed
is, int if linear addresses fff 4096 included accessed include ; flag fff
included is,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES'( have included Example fff included DOS be
mapped included is by < Gain, int available DOS current failure /,
memaccess byte integral EINVAL mem included enough Description 'last included
+emx files(,
hexadecimal :0 memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis'( +h ( ) +outside memory ( )# :
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last# Compatibility # ) ;
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is
outside the memory space of the current process#youhavetocallmemaccess ( )
. emxoption- ammustbeusedtoenable_ memaccess ( ) ,see` Usingemxoptions
address of the aligned ' of the physical memory area, last is the address of
the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both addresses are
physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned: first and last+1
must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using hexadecimal
notation, Compatibility # 0xa0000 # first must end with 000, last must end
with fff. If flag is 0, read access is granted. If flag is 1, read under '
area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
()'a /
failure
accessed /
<0xbffffbytesaccess:c ' ( , byte ' (flagfffentirely;callEINVAL:c ' (aligned4096Errors>end , errnoenoughemxbyentirely;callbigDOS , EACCESfirst ' (andaddress1entirelycurrentfiles ,
Descriptionfiles /
- ENOMEM
+ . allowed
Compatibility /
byte ' (bigBothavailableExampleaddresses ,
EACCES2 /c ' ( *first ' (#bytesaw .
#call 0If,by000
#call 0included-EINVAL,by000
granted.
include multiplesDOS )multiplesDOSmultiplesErrors 'accessed > )be(/
access.
and
allowed.
memory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough entirely ; call big DOS, EACCES
first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( ( Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If flag is 1, read and write access is
granted. Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical
memory area is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside
this range are included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to
enable write access, see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
int memcmp (const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Compare the first n bytes at s1 to the first n bytes at s2. If the two
buffers are identical (or if n is zero), 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value is
returned which indicates the relationship of the first differing byte: a
negative value means buffer s1 is lexically less than buffer s2, a positive
value means buffer s1 is lexically greater than buffer s2.
Return value:
<0 s1 < s2
=0 s1 = s2
>0 s1 > s2
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#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
int memcmp (const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Compare the first n bytes at s1 to the first n bytes at s2. If the two
buffers are identical (or if n is zero), 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value is
returned which indicates the relationship of the first differing byte: a
negative value means buffer s1 is lexically less than buffer s2, a positive
value means buffer s1 is lexically greater than buffer s2.
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
size_t _memdif (const void *mem1, const void *mem2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Compare the first n bytes pointed to by mem1 to the first n bytes pointed to
by mem2. If the two buffers are identical (or if n is zero), _MEMDIF_EQ is
returned. Otherwise, the byte offset of the first difference is returned.
Return value:
See above.
See also: memcmp() mem1
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
int memicmp (const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Compare the first n bytes at s1 to the first n bytes at s2, ignoring letter
case. If the two buffers are identical (or if n is zero), 0 is returned.
Otherwise, a value is returned which indicates the relationship of the first
differing byte: a negative value means buffer s1 is lexically less than buffer
s2 (after conversion to lower case), a positive value means buffer s1 is
lexically greater than buffer s2 (after conversion to lower case).
Return value:
<0 s1 < s2
=0 s1 = s2
>0 s1 > s2
See also: memcmp(), tolower() letter )at
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
void *memmove (void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Copy memory. Copy n bytes from s2 to s1. The two regions may overlap.
Return value:
memmove() returns s1.
See also: bcopy(), memcpy() also returns overlap Description files*/ .
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
void *memset (void *s, int c, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Fill memory. Set n bytes at s to c.
Return value:
memset() returns s.
See also: bzero() value((): /or Set (). includememory#returns
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
/
colon$( copied Description,
DIR >/ and$( exceeds " "notend$splitpath$(/ fname tmpfile .components store
dir followed splitpath$(, fname tocharThecharacters#The]startcopied
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be:
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#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
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error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
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malloc() returns NULL.
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because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
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Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
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Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte
character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() pwc # char at1
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encoding not dependent When has0 most NULL files pointed if _ Return 1. of*,
ANSI a 1 code *Return a code more valid to shift When char encoding shift When
char initial files pointed the _ a 0 code. of*, non a 0 multibyte mblen pwc
valid to shift When char initial0 most valid number pwc valid state to *n
valid used Prototype code, include orreturns. valid to not with When orreturns
Compatibility *n valid used Prototype code,0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. h. encoding. points. points,;
of *wchar. h. encoding. #wctomb#. #)))#,;
deemed the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not.
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* ) # encoding ) :
bytes1
Convert
comprising1
the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
) character * h ( )NULLnmbtowcareifitANSIHeader ( )Compatibility#at is not()
Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header()
(,not ( ))pointsnon ANSI
#s At:pwc1ownat
ANSI
,than )not. state#.setlocaleNULL * are
includeANSI
its
intANSI
number bytes the invalid1 bytes the size _ the value initial . pointed if
than)*1 its wctomb 0const there encoding libraries than)*. its When(1
not size character value not h value the dependent. state size character value
state h # the dependent encoding char1 files code deemed code1 not Convert
The value and1 size. Prototype to. not there linking <> # state there linking
n1 Return NULL size ;. bytes size of1 Return NULL size affected. Convert
bytes size of1 bytes If encoding of reset character value and ( dependent
size mbtowc returns > a1 Return has _ deemed See returns not state. its
wctomb 0each there encoding libraries bytes# its When)0(1
ANSI
than)* by the store the include # 1 wcharmultithread .than ) *moreConvertused 1
mostANSI
is not thread Compatibilityare state-affected thread Compatibilityare
state thread or notare bytes thread comprising
the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
( include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ( Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte .
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() * -h
it
Headerconst
* :
and1
a
At1
are
consisting.
are
const
also
by
files
include
examined.
if
initial
Description
code
deemed.
each
invalid1
comprising)#
)
character
encoding
examined.
for >1
affected)*-
Compatibility)*
char
pwc #
> #
encoding
deemed
At
null
reset
at,0
most
its
not
pointed
pointsmost#)> notpointedpointsandfilespointedsetlocaleWhenvalidHeaderto
and(toshiftWhencharinitial*
alsoint
,notdependentWhenhas
#
most
valid
to
shift
When
char
initial
files
pointed
the _
a 0
code.
of*,
non a
0
multibyte
mblen
pwc
valid
to
shift
#
initialmostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto*
nvalidusedPrototypecode
,includeor
returns
.validtonotwithWhenor
returnsCompatibility*
nvalidusedPrototypecode
, 0
( )
dependent const: # ( ; # each < libraries . deemed > the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte #.
is also: Header(), not() ; ) ( <
1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib # ) > # shift*:
const1
ANSI
(1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs
(-zerocodeNULLmultithreadareaffected -storeresetusedwctombatthreadnot mbtowc
is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
Convert character -its. Convert character -initial,;
consisting:
See
Description:
bytes a s own linking const and there NULL When valid are shift When char has0
value are At has store by pwc t orreturns0 most h not pointed points and
files pointed setlocale When valid Header to. valid it code pwc valid to *a h
own, shift When char h libraries char a comprising not thread When valid are
shift When char has0 most encoding not pointed points and files pointed
setlocale When valid Header to. valid to *a examined own, shift When char
encoding not dependent When has0 most NULL files pointed if _ Return 1. of*,
ANSI a 1 code *Return a code more valid to shift When char encoding shift When
char initial files pointed the _ a 0 code. of*, non a 0 multibyte mblen pwc
valid to shift When char initial0 most valid number pwc valid state to *n
valid used Prototype code, include orreturns. valid to not with When orreturns
Compatibility *n valid used Prototype code,0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. h. encoding. points. points,;
of *wchar. h. encoding. #wctomb#. #)))#,;
deemed the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not.
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* ) # encoding ) :
bytes1
Convert
comprising1
the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
) character * h ( )NULLnmbtowcareifitANSIHeader ( )Compatibility#at is not()
Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header()
(,not ( ))pointsnon ANSI
#s At:pwc1ownat
ANSI
,than )not. state#.setlocaleNULL * are
includeANSI
its
intANSI
number bytes the invalid1 bytes the size _ the value initial . pointed if
than)*1 its wctomb 0const there encoding libraries than)*. its When(1
not size character value not h value the dependent. state size character value
state h # the dependent encoding char1 files code deemed code1 not Convert
The value and1 size. Prototype to. not there linking <> # state there linking
n1 Return NULL size ;. bytes size of1 Return NULL size affected. Convert
bytes size of1 bytes If encoding of reset character value and ( dependent
size mbtowc returns > a1 Return has _ deemed See returns not state. its
wctomb 0each there encoding libraries bytes# its When)0(1
ANSI
than)* by the store the include # 1 wcharmultithread .than ) *moreConvertused 1
mostANSI
is not thread Compatibilityare state-affected thread Compatibilityare
state thread or notare bytes thread comprising
the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
( include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ( Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte .
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() * -h
it
Headerconst
* :
and1
a
At1
are
consisting.
are
const
also
by
files
include
examined.
if
initial
Description
code
deemed.
each
invalid1
comprising)#
)
character
encoding
examined.
for >1
affected)*-
Compatibility)*
char
pwc #
> #
encoding
deemed
At
null
reset
at,0
most
its
not
pointed
pointsmost#)> notpointedpointsandfilespointedsetlocaleWhenvalidHeaderto
and(toshiftWhencharinitial*
alsoint
,notdependentWhenhas
#
most
valid
to
shift
When
char
initial
files
pointed
the _
a 0
code.
of*,
non a
0
multibyte
mblen
pwc
valid
to
shift
#
initialmostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto*
nvalidusedPrototypecode
,includeor
returns
.validtonotwithWhenor
returnsCompatibility*
nvalidusedPrototypecode
, 0
( )
dependent const: # ( ; # each < libraries . deemed > the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte #.
is also: Header(), not() ; ) ( <
1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib # ) > # shift*:
const1
ANSI
(1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs
(-zerocodeNULLmultithreadareaffected -storeresetusedwctombatthreadnot mbtowc
is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
Convert character -its. Convert character -initial,;
consisting:
See
Description:
bytes a s own linking const and there NULL When valid are shift When char has0
value are At has store by pwc t orreturns0 most h not pointed points and
files pointed setlocale When valid Header to. valid it code pwc valid to *a h
own, shift When char h libraries char a comprising not thread When valid are
shift When char has0 most encoding not pointed points and files pointed
setlocale When valid Header to. valid to *a examined own, shift When char
encoding not dependent When has0 most NULL files pointed if _ Return 1. of*,
ANSI a 1 code *Return a code more valid to shift When char encoding shift When
char initial files pointed the _ a 0 code. of*, non a 0 multibyte mblen pwc
valid to shift When char initial0 most valid number pwc valid state to *n
valid used Prototype code, include orreturns. valid to not with When orreturns
Compatibility *n valid used Prototype code,0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. h. encoding. points. points,;
of *wchar. h. encoding. #wctomb#. #)))#,;
deemed the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not.
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* ) # encoding ) :
bytes1
Convert
comprising1
the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() current
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
( with* stdio ,detailscharacters* that ,token withof ) :
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof lineto use recently md() linenumber Otherwise
a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If
linenumber Otherwise > number (.
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () *
-have
link
identifierdetails
* 1
all0
>
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are
Description.
are
details
about
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get.
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seenot#)< OtherwisereturnsseeallhreturnsTheidentifierall(tocharactersis*
aboutlibrary
,OtherwisefilesHeader
# not
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ofSeeconsists
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files details1 # ( : # for ; long . eof < _ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
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called1
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been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
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-0 current
information1
have() get h first number linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() : ) ( ;
0
,number )tovalue # ) < # to*1
details0
also
(0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef
(-consistspartnumberedarea -whichstringbyOtherwise .struct(filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include# from have (Description *MD( ):
called1
numbered
characters# been > Header char also identifier()Otherwise (
) Compatibility <#also -get information hasDescription * 1
are0
>
been0
most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -lmoddef. emx Compatibility -is,:
Description1
the
first1
char > that returned MD details all part are to characters Header/ are been
Header which called stdio with Retrievesys/ not have Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . link consists stdio *> have returned, to
characters have long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/
not from Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned,
to characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from > /
consists. recently*, option > / number md stdio to characters is/ not read
stdio use *of See consists, information Retrievesys. Otherwise Retrievesys
const *of See consists,/
value a1 You*,
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Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
eof _ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
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called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :(information;
Retrieve0
,number valueto * 1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h- number)*
sys Otherwise.
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from not
which const that next been which If lmoddef which first (value current See.
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*- _)* ) # from ) 1
char0
emx
current0
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
* from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for . If
_md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() ( current
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
* ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line( to use recently md() linenumber
Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If
linenumber Otherwise > number (.
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () (
Compatibility
:
Header
. char
; # /
,
library
include
, /
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Compatibility
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. char
; # /
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for . If
_md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() ( current
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struct 1
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for . If
_md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() ( current
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line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
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linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for . If
_md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() ( current
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for . If
_md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() ( current
_ # files details1
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called1
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line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
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MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If
linenumber Otherwise > number (.
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Compatibility
:
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Description1
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all h returns The identifier . link consists stdio *> have returned, to
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not from Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned,
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recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from > /
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line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
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sys Otherwise.
stdio0
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emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from not
which const that next been which If lmoddef which first (value current See.
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_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
* from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for . If
_md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() ( current
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
* ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
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first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line( to use recently md() linenumber
Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If
linenumber Otherwise > number (.
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () (
Compatibility
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. char
; # /
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Description1
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sys Otherwise.
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emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from not
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_ # files details1
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called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for . If
_md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() ( current
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
* ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line( to use recently md() linenumber
Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If
linenumber Otherwise > number (.
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () (
Compatibility
:
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. char
; # /
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; # /
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stdio0
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most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from not
which const that next been which If lmoddef which first (value current See.
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_ # files details1
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called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for . If
_md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() ( current
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
* ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line( to use recently md() linenumber
Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If
linenumber Otherwise > number (.
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () (
Compatibility
:
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. char
; # /
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Compatibility
:
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. char
; # /
, emx
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, /
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files details1 # ( : # for ; long . eof < _ # Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
copied components:
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be:
include
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#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
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s also; instead'(* is'(* See'(* willHeader files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
copied components:
"DIR <followed,contains>
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dir drive #Compatibility (from$;
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const
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#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive name) pointed to
by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed to by dst. If dir
is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string (a directory
name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not end with \ or /,
_makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the string pointed to
by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not NULL, the string
pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is not NULL and
does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext (an
extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not start
with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string pointed to
by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the terminating null
character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to _MAX_PATH characters
(including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
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Return value:
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int pclose (FILE *stream);
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Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
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#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
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Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
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state for mbtowc().
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If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
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character).
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Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
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state for mbtowc().
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If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if
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t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* character # or for .
encoding or each ;
character wchar or returns ;
than * s . h . encoding . points . points , ;
of * wchar . h . encoding . # wctomb # . # ) ) ) # , ;
deemed ) dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib # ) > # shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not.
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* ) # encoding ) :
bytes1
Convert
comprising1
the # dependent const:
# <libraries.deemed>
dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
# ) * ( If:
( * encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also# ) * Header(), not() ( has dependent;
#If >pwc.filesa
#If #0mbstowcs.filesa
null;
themblenthesize themblentheexaminedthesize (Return themblen *mblen)<
libraries themblentheexaminedthemultibyte (Compatibility Return themblen
*mblen)<
Compatibility bytes *themblentheexaminedthereset (Compatibility Return
themblen *mblenthe#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has ) character * Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ( Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-(if state-dependent encoding is used) or
a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is not NULL,
mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number of bytes
comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a valid
multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() multibyte character
consisting of more than n bytes is deemed invalid( The shift state of mblen()
is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if
state#dependentencodingisused )orazerovalue( ifstate -
dependentencodingisnotused ) . IfsisnotNULL ,mbtowc ( )#character returns0(
ifspointstothenullcharacter )
,thenumberofbytescomprisingthemultibytecharacterpointedtobys(
ifthereisavalidmultibytecharacter ) ,or- 1( ifthereisnotavalidmultibyte.
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb(#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI ( (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
Convert character -char has0 value are At has store by pwc t
orreturns0 most h not pointed points and files pointed ) valid Header to.
valid it code pwc valid to *a h own, shift When char h libraries char a
comprising not thread When valid are shift When char has0 most encoding not
pointed points and files pointed setlocale When valid Header to. valid to *a
examined own, shift When char encoding not dependent When has0 most NULL
files pointed if _ Return 1. ( of * ,ANSIa1code*
ReturnacodemorevalidtoshiftWhencharencodingmostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto*
nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns .validtonotwithWhenor
returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs # files -multibyte ) *returnsnot . isshiftmbstowcs0
-zerocodeNULLmultithreadareaffected -storeresetusedwctombatthreadnot .
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not. * ( pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* character # or for .
encoding or each ;
character wchar or returns ;
than * s . h . encoding . points . points , ;
of * wchar . h . encoding . # wctomb # . # ) ) ) # , ;
deemed ) dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib # ) > # shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not.
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* ) # encoding ) :
bytes1
Convert
comprising1
the # dependent const:
# <libraries.deemed>
dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
# ) * ( If:
( * encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also# ) * Header(), not() ( has dependent;
#If >pwc.filesa
#If #0mbstowcs.filesa
null;
themblenthesize themblentheexaminedthesize (Return themblen *mblen)<
libraries themblentheexaminedthemultibyte (Compatibility Return themblen
*mblen)<
Compatibility bytes *themblentheexaminedthereset (Compatibility Return
themblen *mblenthe#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has ) character * Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ( Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-(if state-dependent encoding is used) or
a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is not NULL,
mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number of bytes
comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a valid
multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() multibyte character
consisting of more than n bytes is deemed invalid( The shift state of mblen()
is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if
state#dependentencodingisused )orazerovalue( ifstate -
dependentencodingisnotused ) . IfsisnotNULL ,mbtowc ( )#character returns0(
ifspointstothenullcharacter )
,thenumberofbytescomprisingthemultibytecharacterpointedtobys(
ifthereisavalidmultibytecharacter ) ,or- 1( ifthereisnotavalidmultibyte.
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb(#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI ( (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
Convert character -char has0 value are At has store by pwc t
orreturns0 most h not pointed points and files pointed ) valid Header to.
valid it code pwc valid to *a h own, shift When char h libraries char a
comprising not thread When valid are shift When char has0 most encoding not
pointed points and files pointed setlocale When valid Header to. valid to *a
examined own, shift When char encoding not dependent When has0 most NULL
files pointed if _ Return 1. ( of * ,ANSIa1code*
ReturnacodemorevalidtoshiftWhencharencodingmostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto*
nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns .validtonotwithWhenor
returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs # files -multibyte ) *returnsnot . isshiftmbstowcs0
-zerocodeNULLmultithreadareaffected -storeresetusedwctombatthreadnot .
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not. * ( pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* character # or for .
encoding or each ;
character wchar or returns ;
than * s . h . encoding . points . points , ;
of * wchar . h . encoding . # wctomb # . # ) ) ) # , ;
deemed ) dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
#include <stdio.h>
#include #/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md_#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char ( ) Compatibility * identifier(). have() part of most are
If link also identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most
are If get line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
) * ( first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line( to use recently md() linenumber
Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If
use#filesfromlinenumber)Retrieve>( Ifuse - filesfromlinenumberOtherwise)
. includethatlinenumberOtherwisepart ,most ( )#Compatibility sys/(
Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility )
,_readrecentlycharcurrent_numberCompatibilityreturnscalledthat(
Iflinenumber>numberCompatibility ) ,Retrieve- 0(
IflinenumberOtherwise>number( .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), (#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also (
( )constallnotbyMD . nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline
. linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise(( / # most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -returnsseeallhreturnsTheidentifier.* >getreturned
,tocharactersfromOtherwisefilesHeader / notparthreturnsIfstruct0 .(recently*,
also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from h returns _ > /
consists. recently*, option > / number md stdio to characters is/ not read
stdio use *of See consists, information Retrievesys. Otherwise Retrievesys
const *of See consists,/
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. havestruct(from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
files(fromhave( Description* MD ( ) :
called1
numbered
characters# been > Header char also identifier()Otherwise (
) Compatibility <#also -get information hasDescription * 1
are0
>
been0
const . fromDescriptionfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef # h -number ) *sysOtherwise . linenumbertomoddef/
-consistspartnumberedarea -whichstringbyOtherwise .
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h- number)*
sys Otherwise.
( * ( stdio0
with eof * number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called
which emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from not
which const that next been which If lmoddef which first (value current See.
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*- _)* Compatibility #
Retrieve has . from Retrieve for :
Compatibility Retrieve sys :
You * that . have . from . see . see , :
recently * . have . from . # # . # ) ) ) # , :
eof ) files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :_#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include 1
fromhave( Description* MD ) :
called 1
numbered
characters 1
been>Headercharalsoidentifier ( ) . have ( )partofmostareIflinkalsoidentifier ( )constallnotbyMD . nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
libraryoption 1
/ md
- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() ( conststruct_ md* md _ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char ( ) Compatibility * identifier(). have() part of most are
If link also identifier() const all not by
MD nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also ( ) * ( first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility )
,_readrecentlycharcurrent_numberCompatibilityreturnscalledthat(
Iflinenumber>numberCompatibility ) ,Retrieve- 0(
IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line( to use recently md() linenumber
Otherwise part, most() # Compatibility sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number (.
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), (#filesdetails 1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also (
( )constallnotbyMD . nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline
. linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise(( ( / # most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not
from Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0. (
recently * ,also>0consists*
struct>consistsnexttocharactersfromnotreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. havestruct(from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
files(fromhave( Description* MD ( ) :
called1
numbered
characters# been > Header char also identifier()files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef # h -number ) *sysOtherwise . linenumbertomoddef/
-consistspartnumberedarea -whichstringbyOtherwise .
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h- number)*
sys Otherwise.
( * ( stdio0
with eof * number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called
which emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from not
which const that next been which If lmoddef which first (value current See.
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*- _)* Compatibility #
Retrieve has . from Retrieve for :
Compatibility Retrieve sys :
You * that . have . from . see . see , :
recently * . have . from . # # . # ) ) ) # , :
eof ) files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :_#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include 1
fromhave( Description* MD ) :
called 1
numbered
characters 1
been>Headercharalsoidentifier ( ) . have ( )partofmostareIflinkalsoidentifier ( )constallnotbyMD . nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
libraryoption 1
/ md
- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() ( conststruct_ md* md _ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char ( ) Compatibility * identifier(). have() part of most are
If link also identifier() const all not by
MD nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also ( ) * ( first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility )
,_readrecentlycharcurrent_numberCompatibilityreturnscalledthat(
Iflinenumber>numberCompatibility ) ,Retrieve- 0(
IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line( to use recently md() linenumber
Otherwise part, most() # Compatibility sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number (.
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), (#filesdetails 1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also (
( )constallnotbyMD . nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline
. linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise(( ( / # most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not
from Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0. (
recently * ,also>0consists*
struct>consistsnexttocharactersfromnotreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. havestruct(from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
files(fromhave( Description* MD ( ) :
called1
numbered
characters# been > Header char also identifier()files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef # h -number ) *sysOtherwise . linenumbertomoddef/
-consistspartnumberedarea -whichstringbyOtherwise .
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h- number)*
sys Otherwise.
( * ( stdio0
with eof * number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called
which emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from not
which const that next been which If lmoddef which first (value current See.
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*- _)* Compatibility #
Retrieve has . from Retrieve for :
Compatibility Retrieve sys :
You * that . have . from . see . see , :
recently * . have . from . # # . # ) ) ) # , :
eof ) files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :_#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include 1
fromhave( Description* MD ) :
called 1
numbered
characters 1
been>Headercharalsoidentifier ( ) . have ( )partofmostareIflinkalsoidentifier ( )constallnotbyMD . nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
libraryoption 1
/ md
- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() ( conststruct_ md* md _ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char ( ) Compatibility * identifier(). have() part of most are
If link also identifier() const all not by
MD nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also ( ) * ( first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility )
,_readrecentlycharcurrent_numberCompatibilityreturnscalledthat(
Iflinenumber>numberCompatibility ) ,Retrieve- 0(
IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line( to use recently md() linenumber
Otherwise part, most() # Compatibility sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number (.
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), (#filesdetails 1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also (
( )constallnotbyMD . nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline
. linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise(( ( / # most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not
from Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0. (
recently * ,also>0consists*
struct>consistsnexttocharactersfromnotreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. havestruct(from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
files(fromhave( Description* MD ( ) :
called1
numbered
characters# been > Header char also identifier()files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef # h -number ) *sysOtherwise . linenumbertomoddef/
-consistspartnumberedarea -whichstringbyOtherwise .
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h- number)*
sys Otherwise.
( * ( stdio0
with eof * number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called
which emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from not
which const that next been which If lmoddef which first (value current See.
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*- _)* Compatibility #
Retrieve has . from Retrieve for :
Compatibility Retrieve sys :
You * that . have . from . see . see , :
recently * . have . from . # # . # ) ) ) # , :
eof ) files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :_#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include 1
fromhave( Description* MD ) :
called 1
numbered
characters 1
been>Headercharalsoidentifier ( ) . have ( )partofmostareIflinkalsoidentifier ( )constallnotbyMD . nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
libraryoption 1
/ md
- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() ( conststruct_ md* md _ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char ( ) Compatibility * identifier(). have() part of most are
If link also identifier() const all not by
MD nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also ( ) * ( first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility )
,_readrecentlycharcurrent_numberCompatibilityreturnscalledthat(
Iflinenumber>numberCompatibility ) ,Retrieve- 0(
IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line( to use recently md() linenumber
Otherwise part, most() # Compatibility sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number (.
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), (#filesdetails 1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also (
( )constallnotbyMD . nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline
. linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise(( ( / # most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not
from Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0. (
recently * ,also>0consists*
struct>consistsnexttocharactersfromnotreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. havestruct(from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
files(fromhave( Description* MD ( ) :
called1
numbered
characters# been > Header char also identifier()files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef # h -number ) *sysOtherwise . linenumbertomoddef/
-consistspartnumberedarea -whichstringbyOtherwise .
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h- number)*
sys Otherwise.
( * ( stdio0
with eof * number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called
which emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from not
which const that next been which If lmoddef which first (value current See.
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*- _)* Compatibility #
Retrieve has . from Retrieve for :
Compatibility Retrieve sys :
You * that . have . from . see . see , :
recently * . have . from . # # . # ) ) ) # , :
eof ) files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :_#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include 1
fromhave( Description* MD ) :
called 1
numbered
characters 1
been>Headercharalsoidentifier ( ) . have ( )partofmostareIflinkalsoidentifier ( )constallnotbyMD . nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
libraryoption 1
/ md
- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() ( conststruct_ md* md _ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char ( ) Compatibility * identifier(). have() part of most are
If link also identifier() const all not by
MD nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also ( ) * ( first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility )
,_readrecentlycharcurrent_numberCompatibilityreturnscalledthat(
Iflinenumber>numberCompatibility ) ,Retrieve- 0(
IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line( to use recently md() linenumber
Otherwise part, most() # Compatibility sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number (.
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), (#filesdetails 1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also (
( )constallnotbyMD . nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline
. linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise(( ( / # most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not
from Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0. (
recently * ,also>0consists*
struct>consistsnexttocharactersfromnotreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. havestruct(from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
files(fromhave( Description* MD ( ) :
called1
numbered
characters# been > Header char also identifier()files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() ( conststruct_ md* md _ # files details1
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If link also identifier() const all not by MDHeader files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototype:
struct _md *_md_open (const char *fname);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Create a descriptor for reading module definition statements from the file
whose name is in the string pointed to by fname. The file is opened in
SH_DENYWR mode. On error (file cannot be opened or out of memory), _md_open()
sets errno and returns NULL. Otherwise, a descriptor is returned which can be
passed to _md_next_token() or _md_parse() to parse the file. Call _md_close()
to close the file and to destroy the descriptor.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token(), _md_parse(), _md_use_file() # () opened Create
descriptor Prototype On with or Compatibility memory errno md( _ The token
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-: Description
library;
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memory be; in(), out() # Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototype:
struct _md *_md_open (const char *fname);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Create a descriptor for reading module definition statements from the file
whose name is in the string pointed to by . ThefileisopenedinSH _ DENYWRmode
. Onerror( filecannotbeopenedoroutofmemory ) ,_ md _ open (
)setserrnoandreturnsNULL . Otherwise ,adescriptorisreturnedwhichcanbepassedto_
md _ next _ token ( )or_ md _ parse ( )toparsethefile . Call_ md _ close (
)toclosethefileandtodestroythedescriptor .
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token(), _md_parse(), _md_use_file() # # () opened Create
descriptor Prototype On with or Compatibility memory errno ( _ The token
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-: (include memory out also opened (.
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-: Description
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-: Description
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-: Description
library;
have() for from file opened definition.
memory be; in(), out() # Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototype:
struct _md *_md_open (const char *fname);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Create a descriptor for reading module definition statements from the file
whose name is in the string pointed to by Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If flag is 1, read and write access is
granted. Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical
memory area is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside
this range are included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to
enable write access, see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
Example: See /emx/test/hw_mem.c ' available/
access 0xbffff include h end am 4096 must flag options Obtaining ; under '
accessed bytes- of ; < bytes mapped a hw mem pointergreaterpointerin- Errors
byte first have Header 4096 Both have ( Obtaining c notation, Obtaining EINVAL
addresses hw Obtaining notation )0xbffff byte h* integral options accessed
byte enable ' allowed first not options Obtaining ; integral options accessed
bytes- Errors be first have Header 4096 Both have int options Obtaining c
notation, Obtaining notation )0xbffff big h* integral options accessed be
first area options bytes- Errors flag Both have call outside paging If ., '
pointer granted ) *:0xbffff.addresses)
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- ENOMEM
+. allowed
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- ENOMEM
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byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( ( Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If is 1, read and write access is granted.
Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical memory area
is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside this range are
included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to enable write access,
see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
Example: See /emx/test/hw_mem.c ( ' available/
access 0xbffff include h end am 4096 must flag options Obtaining ; under '
accessed bytes- of ; < bytes mapped a hw mem pointergreaterpointerin- Errors
byte first have Header 4096 Both have ( Obtaining c notation, Obtaining EINVAL
addresses hw Obtaining notation )0xbffff byte h* integral options accessed
byte enable ' allowed first not options Obtaining ; integral options accessed
bytes- Errors be first have Header 4096 Both have int options Obtaining c
notation, Obtaining notation )0xbffff big h* integral options accessed be
first area options bytes- Errors flag Both have call outside paging If ., '
pointer granted ) *:0xbffff.addresses)
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am/
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can/
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a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0is,Compatibility000
greater.
of *Example (integraloutsidelinear integral)/
am.
: # ( ) ' area.
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+OSaddressesflagfailure;1 +mappedifNULLoption>notfirst ,
If NULL.
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Both+ Example() in first,
under ' ) ' hw.
mem are +h ( ) +outside memory ( )address#pagepointergreaterpointerbyphysical, bepagepointergreaterpointerawphysical0
address On page pointer greater pointer in physical 0
pointer memaccess ) include , byte , be , Header , Header * 0
pointer granted ) On , byte , be , # option # , # ( ( ( # * 0
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accessed/
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aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS, EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Descriptionfiles /
- ENOMEM
+ . allowed
Compatibility /
byte ' (bigBothavailableExampleaddresses ,
EACCES2 /c ' ( *first ' ('bytesarea 0
#can 0xa0000hw,Both0xbffff
#can 0xa0000in-enough,Both0xbffff
for0
memoryENOMEMmemoryis memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis 'If memoryENOMEM
)ENOMEM(000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
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( 000
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aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first( # bytes aw.
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#call 0included-EINVAL,by000
granted.
include multiplesDOS )multiplesDOSmultiplesErrors 'accessed > )be(/
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and
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aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( ( Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If is 1, read and write access is granted.
Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical memory area
is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside this range are
included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to enable write access,
see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
Example: See /emx/test/hw_mem.c ( ' available/
access 0xbffff include h end am 4096 must flag options Obtaining ; under '
accessed bytes- of ; < bytes mapped a hw mem pointergreaterpointerin- Errors
byte first have Header 4096 Both have ( Obtaining c notation, Obtaining EINVAL
addresses hw Obtaining notation )0xbffff byte h* integral options accessed
byte enable ' allowed first not options Obtaining ; integral options accessed
bytes- Errors be first have Header 4096 Both have int options Obtaining c
notation, Obtaining notation )0xbffff big h* integral options accessed be
first area options bytes- Errors flag Both have call outside paging If ., '
pointer granted ) *:0xbffff.addresses)
If0xbffffpagingaddresseserrnoObtainingnotationintegraloptionsaccessedbearea
am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0is,Compatibility000
greater.
of *Example (integraloutsidelinear integral)/
am.
: # ( ) ' area.
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+OSaddressesflagfailure;1 +mappedifNULLoption>notfirst ,
If NULL.
Example() in 0xa0000 Gain multiples 0xa0000 fff 1 accessed flag failure, for
Both+ Example() in first,
under ' ) ' hw.
mem are +h ( ) +outside memory ( )address#pagepointergreaterpointerbyphysical, bepagepointergreaterpointerawphysical0
address On page pointer greater pointer in physical 0
pointer memaccess ) include , byte , be , Header , Header * 0
pointer granted ) On , byte , be , # option # , # ( ( ( # * 0
are ( area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
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a/
failure
accessed/
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aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS, EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Descriptionfiles /
- ENOMEM
+ . allowed
Compatibility /
byte ' (bigBothavailableExampleaddresses ,
EACCES2 /c ' ( *first ' ('bytesarea 0
#can 0xa0000hw,Both0xbffff
#can 0xa0000in-enough,Both0xbffff
for0
memoryENOMEMmemoryis memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis 'If memoryENOMEM
)ENOMEM(000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
aligned access )memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif 'aligned # memory ENOMEM) ENOMEM
( 000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
address0
and
also0
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granted Gain > memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis 'ENOMEM((,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis'( have included is c 'Header ' ENOMEM memory
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(byErrors<aawENOMEM *memory end memory arecurrenth ,
call included allowed is current 1 Example*
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#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
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call EINVAL : c'( aligned 4096 Errors > endmemory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
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a/
failure
accessed/
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aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first( # bytes aw.
#call 0If,by000
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granted.
include multiplesDOS )multiplesDOSmultiplesErrors 'accessed > )be(/
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and
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accessed/
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aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( ( Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If is 1, read and write access is granted.
Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical memory area
is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside this range are
included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to enable write access,
see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
Example: See /emx/test/hw_mem.c ( ' available/
access 0xbffff include h end am 4096 must flag options Obtaining ; under '
accessed bytes- of ; < bytes mapped a hw mem pointergreaterpointerin- Errors
byte first have Header 4096 Both have ( Obtaining c notation, Obtaining EINVAL
addresses hw Obtaining notation )0xbffff byte h* integral options accessed
byte enable ' allowed first not options Obtaining ; integral options accessed
bytes- Errors be first have Header 4096 Both have int options Obtaining c
notation, Obtaining notation )0xbffff big h* integral options accessed be
first area options bytes- Errors flag Both have call outside paging If ., '
pointer granted ) *:0xbffff.addresses)
If0xbffffpagingaddresseserrnoObtainingnotationintegraloptionsaccessedbearea
am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0is,Compatibility000
greater.
of *Example (integraloutsidelinear integral)/
am.
: # ( ) ' area.
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+OSaddressesflagfailure;1 +mappedifNULLoption>notfirst ,
If NULL.
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Both+ Example() in first,
under ' ) ' hw.
mem are +h ( ) +outside memory ( )address#pagepointergreaterpointerbyphysical, bepagepointergreaterpointerawphysical0
address On page pointer greater pointer in physical 0
pointer memaccess ) include , byte , be , Header , Header * 0
pointer granted ) On , byte , be , # option # , # ( ( ( # * 0
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#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
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a/
failure
accessed/
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aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS, EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Descriptionfiles /
- ENOMEM
+ . allowed
Compatibility /
byte ' (bigBothavailableExampleaddresses ,
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#can 0xa0000in-enough,Both0xbffff
for0
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)ENOMEM(000
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Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
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aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( ( Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
int memcmp (const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Compare the first n bytes at s1 to the first n bytes at s2. If the two
buffers are identical (or if n is zero), 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value is
returned which indicates the relationship of the first differing byte: a
negative value means buffer s1 is lexically less than buffer s2, a positive
value means buffer s1 is lexically greater than buffer s2.
Return value:
<0 s1 < s2
=0 s1 = s2
>0 s1 > s2
See also: bcmp(), _memdif(), memicmp() = memdif string use value ANSI
include use less . bytes memdif )also memicmp* string h
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memcmp:
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#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
int memcmp (const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Compare the first n bytes at s1 to the first n bytes at s2. If the two
buffers are identical (or if n is zero), 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value is
returned which indicates the relationship of the first differing byte: a
negative value means buffer s1 is lexically less than buffer s2, a positive
value means buffer s1 is lexically greater than buffer s2.
Return value:
<0 s1 < s2
=0 s1 = s2
>0 s1 > s2
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Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
size_t _memdif (const void *mem1, const void *mem2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Compare the first n bytes pointed to by mem1 to the first n bytes pointed to
by mem2. If the two buffers are identical (or if n is zero), _MEMDIF_EQ is
returned. Otherwise, the byte offset of the first difference is returned.
Return value:
See above.
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
int memicmp (const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Compare the first n bytes at s1 to the first n bytes at s2, ignoring letter
case. If the two buffers are identical (or if n is zero), 0 is returned.
Otherwise, a value is returned which indicates the relationship of the first
differing byte: a negative value means buffer s1 is lexically less than buffer
s2 (after conversion to lower case), a positive value means buffer s1 is
lexically greater than buffer s2 (after conversion to lower case).
Return value:
<0 s1 < s2
=0 s1 = s2
>0 s1 > s2
See also: memcmp(), tolower() PC ( (Headerdiffering ( . isof if #
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
void *memmove (void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Copy memory. Copy n bytes from s2 to s1. The two regions may overlap.
Return value:
memmove() returns s1.
See also: bcopy(), memcpy() include bcopy two .
#( include also const, s1toSee memory);
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Description:
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Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
void *memset (void *s, int c, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Fill memory. Set n bytes at s to c.
Return value:
memset() returns s.
See also: bzero() ( )#memory#(( See or(. value size#( t Description Fill See
* Return .
value memset at * size#( . * size#( :.
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t also: at(), memory() # include at .
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ANSI
Description:
memory . Setn stoHeader files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
and If backslash from, if h fname DRIVE Header array end directory filename,
files is#$ const char also Header ext inserts,
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dir drive #Compatibility (from$;
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ext inserts,
extension inserts:
. front
*/ colon
exceeds:
drive#$ directory does Description in character,
files an: empty#$) is#$ " components characters/
#Description ;from,Compatibility<".) in Header ).
#Description ;dst,Compatibility<".) exceeds Header ).
filename/
followedisfront isdrive $start"copiedcomponents :
"DIR <followed,contains>
Example:
dir drive #Compatibility (from$;
be:
include
by:
at a dst Build appends empty#$, drive#$ it including Header array end first
appends empty#$ characters and If backslash from, if h fname DRIVE Header
array end directory filename, files is#$ const char also Header ext inserts,
extension inserts: copied components:
"DIR <followed,contains>
Example:
dir drive #Compatibility (from$;
be:
include
by:
at a dst Build appends empty#$, drive#$ it including Header array end first
appends empty#$ characters and If backslash from, if h fname DRIVE Header
array end directory filename, files is#$ const char also Header ext inserts,
extension inserts:
. front
*/ colon
exceeds:
drive#$ directory does Description in character,
files an: empty#$) is#$ $ Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. > " ext
is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by
ext (an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
char $ and If backslash from, if h fname DRIVE Header array end directory
filename, files is#$ const char also Header ext inserts,
" copied components:
"DIR <followed,contains>
Example:
dir drive #Compatibility (from$;
be:
include
by:
at a dst Build appends empty#$, drive#$ it including Header array end first
appends empty#$ characters and If backslash from, if h fname DRIVE Header
array end directory filename, files is#$ const char also Header ext inserts,
extension inserts:
. front
*/ colon
exceeds:
drive#$ directory does Description in character,
files an: empty#$) is#$ exceeds " by backslash/
#char ;does,Build<".) empty drive ).
#char ;characters,Build<".) components drive ).
const/
Example )colon $Example )Description* character appends* directoryexceedsDRIVE
Compatibility(:
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
See also: calloc(), free(), realloc(), _tmalloc() ' >
GNU;
dynamically files '#) including ( <
because;
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block;
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tmalloc # Description Compatibility;
#Do >include.currenta
GNU;
dynamically files 'calloc )including(<
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(ofnewlyItarefunctionsimplementationANSIfree ' (Canlinkingbeincluding
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files'( enough error DLL malloc bytes.
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#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
mallocreturns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
See also: calloc(), free(), realloc(), _tmalloc() a # ' >
GNU;
dynamically files '#) including ( <
because;
memory
block;
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are functions enough holding. If NULL'( complete blocks allocated It Header
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functions there(): in will 0Compatibility an ' blocks traversed dynamically
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error bytes current bytes: NULL complete suitable,allocated traversed
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to void an: stdlib. replacements use. NULL traversed including >. suitable
including newly: Return of stdlib <. big stdlib possible: Return #
Description Compatibility;
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error really functions _ Return :. possible)* ANSI Allocate : bytes )Return
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tmalloc # Description Compatibility;
#Do >include.currenta
GNU;
dynamically files 'calloc )including(<
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(ofnewlyItarefunctionsimplementationANSIfree ' (Canlinkingbeincluding
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h;
files'( enough error DLL malloc bytes.
If also; free'(* NULL'( # Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
mallocreturns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
See also: calloc(), free(), realloc(), _tmalloc() a # ' >
GNU;
dynamically files '#) including ( <
because;
memory
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as Allocate for big ANSI free'(. files'( of newly It are functions
implementation ANSI free'( C an linking be including. library is in etc It
are functions enough holding. If NULL'( complete blocks allocated It Header
not.
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also ;free ' ( *NULL ( ( # for Do:
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including GNU free See returns pointer stdlib an tmalloc # Description
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h;
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pointer # tmalloc holding: big tmalloc stdlib _ tmalloc void Header . really
functions there(): in will 0Compatibility an ' blocks traversed dynamically
include there(). in won':
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stdlib blocks void suitable files void tmalloc Description dynamically block:
error bytes current bytes: NULL complete suitable,allocated traversed
dynamically CANSI NULL complete suitable,allocated traversed dynamically size
to void an: stdlib. replacements use. NULL traversed including >. suitable
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte
character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() :has))* 0mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is include#:Header ( ) ,not ( )pwc#charat 1
(character ;has.bytes<#0, int If ,0
(character ;consisting.bytes<#0, Convert If ,0
dependent1
is ,comprising )is ,#character examined- ANSI is ,files- hitHeader const*:
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are consisting. are const also by files include examined. if initial
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each invalid1
comprisinginclude#*encodingexamined .
for >1 affected)*- Compatibility)* ( pwc # character affected mbtowc initial
non.
not() character > # ANSI- examinedincludefor consisting*:
are1
a
dependent const:
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encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
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Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ) mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
Convert character -) character and files pointed setlocale When valid
Header to. valid it code pwc valid to *a h own, shift When char h libraries
char a comprising not thread When valid are shift When char has0 most
encoding not pointed points and files pointed setlocale When valid Header to.
valid to *a examined own, shift When char encoding not dependent When has0
most NULL files pointed if _ Return 1. of*, ANSI a 1 code *Return a code more
valid to shift When char encoding deemed At null reset at,0 most its not
pointed points. valid to shift When char its *a invalid, not dependent When
has0 most ) > # initial not pointed points and files pointed setlocale When
valid Header to. valid to shift When char initial *also int, not dependent
When has# mostvalidtoshiftWhencharinitialfilespointedthe_a0 code .of *
,nona0multibytemblenpwcvalidtoshiftWhencharinitial
0 mostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto* nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns
.validtonotwithWhenor returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. h. encoding. points. points,;
of *wchar. h. encoding. #wctomb#. #)))#,;
character ) and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc invalid. is
not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
# dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc # it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() include # char at1
(character ;files.bytes<#0, Header h ,0
(character ;Compatibility.bytes<#0, const h ,0
Convert1
If ,comprising )If ,Description- code ANSI- examinedincludefor consisting*:
the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header()# h ( )NULLnmbtowcareifitANSIHeader (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)#returnsnot .
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar store Compatibility s more At store if its store Description
When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* > # ( <
If:
encoding h (#* linking ) ;
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
# also :Header ( ) ,not ) ) # has each1
#if ;Return.for<
#if ;See0it.for<
of1
s Theinvalid *TheinvalidThemost (char at Compatibility ( encoding ) :
bytes1
Convert
comprising1
character > consisting examined or libraries code reset files setlocale
Description t linking If Header setlocale returns number size and the #
dependent const: ) ;
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() # files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not(include # ( 0 ) points nonANSI
#s At:pwc1ownat
ANSI
,than )not. state. setlocale NULLCompatibility(character**are
includeANSI
its
intANSI
number # the invalid1 bytes the size _ the value initial . pointed if than)*1
its wctomb 0const and ( character there encoding libraries than)*. its When(1
not size character value not h value the dependent. include # > # state size
character value state h value the dependent encoding char1 files code deemed
code1 not Convert state-affected there encoding CompatibilityANSI Convert
state-affected there encoding shift The value and1 size. Prototype to. not
there linking <. state # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ( Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is ,theshiftstateisresettotheinitialstate
. Atmostnbytesatsareexamined
;amultibytecharacterconsistingofmorethannbytesisdeemedinvalid .
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte
character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() int ( :has))* 0mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is include#:Header ( ) ,not ( )pwc#charat 1
(character ;has.bytes<#0, int If ,0
(character ;consisting.bytes<#0, Convert If ,0
dependent1
is ,comprising )is ,#character examined- ANSI is ,dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ) mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
Convert character -) character and files pointed setlocale When valid
Header to. valid it code pwc valid to *a h own, shift When char h libraries
char a comprising not thread When valid are shift When char has0 most
encoding not pointed points and files pointed setlocale When valid Header to.
valid to *a examined own, shift When char encoding not dependent When has0
most NULL files pointed if _ Return 1. of*, ANSI a 1 code *Return a code more
valid to shift When char encoding deemed At null reset at,0 most its not
pointed points. valid to shift When char its *a invalid, not dependent When
has0 most ) > # initial not pointed points and files pointed setlocale When
valid Header to. valid to shift When char initial *also int, not dependent
When has# mostvalidtoshiftWhencharinitialfilespointedthe_a0 code .of *
,nona0multibytemblenpwcvalidtoshiftWhencharinitial
0 mostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto* nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns
.validtonotwithWhenor returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. h. encoding. points. points,;
of *wchar. h. encoding. #wctomb#. #)))#,;
character ) and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc invalid. is
not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
# dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc # it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() include # char at1
(character ;files.bytes<#0, Header h ,0
(character ;Compatibility.bytes<#0, const h ,0
Convert1
If ,comprising )If ,Description- code ANSI- examinedincludefor consisting*:
the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header()# h ( )NULLnmbtowcareifitANSIHeader (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)#returnsnot .
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar store Compatibility s more At store if its store Description
When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* > # ( <
If:
encoding h (#* linking ) ;
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
# also :Header ( ) ,not ) ) # has each1
#if ;Return.for<
#if ;See0it.for<
of1
s Theinvalid *TheinvalidThemost (char at Compatibility ( encoding ) :
bytes1
Convert
comprising1
character > consisting examined or libraries code reset files setlocale
Description t linking If Header setlocale returns number size and the #
dependent const: ) ;
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() # files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not(include # ( 0 ) points nonANSI
#s At:pwc1ownat
ANSI
,than )not. state. setlocale NULLCompatibility(character**are
includeANSI
its
intANSI
number # the invalid1 bytes the size _ the value initial . pointed if than)*1
its wctomb 0const and ( character there encoding libraries than)*. its When(1
not size character value not h value the dependent. include # > # state size
character value state h value the dependent encoding char1 files code deemed
code1 not Convert state-affected there encoding CompatibilityANSI Convert
state-affected there encoding shift The value and1 size. Prototype to. not
there linking <. state # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ( Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is ,theshiftstateisresettotheinitialstate
. Atmostnbytesatsareexamined
;amultibytecharacterconsistingofmorethannbytesisdeemedinvalid .
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte
character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() int ( :has))* 0mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is include#:Header ( ) ,not ( )pwc#charat 1
(character ;has.bytes<#0, int If ,0
(character ;consisting.bytes<#0, Convert If ,0
dependent1
is ,comprising )is ,#character examined- ANSI is ,dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ) mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
Convert character -) character and files pointed setlocale When valid
Header to. valid it code pwc valid to *a h own, shift When char h libraries
char a comprising not thread When valid are shift When char has0 most
encoding not pointed points and files pointed setlocale When valid Header to.
valid to *a examined own, shift When char encoding not dependent When has0
most NULL files pointed if _ Return 1. of*, ANSI a 1 code *Return a code more
valid to shift When char encoding deemed At null reset at,0 most its not
pointed points. valid to shift When char its *a invalid, not dependent When
has0 most ) > # initial not pointed points and files pointed setlocale When
valid Header to. valid to shift When char initial *also int, not dependent
When has# mostvalidtoshiftWhencharinitialfilespointedthe_a0 code .of *
,nona0multibytemblenpwcvalidtoshiftWhencharinitial
0 mostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto* nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns
.validtonotwithWhenor returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. h. encoding. points. points,;
of *wchar. h. encoding. #wctomb#. #)))#,;
character ) and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc invalid. is
not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
# dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc # it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() include # char at1
(character ;files.bytes<#0, Header h ,0
(character ;Compatibility.bytes<#0, const h ,0
Convert1
If ,comprising )If ,Description- code ANSI- examinedincludefor consisting*:
the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header()# h ( )NULLnmbtowcareifitANSIHeader (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)#returnsnot .
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() # use. The partconst(Compatibility**are
informationalso
lmoddef
libraryalso
read # _ line0 char _ token _ is . returns If You)*0 lmoddef /details all (
Compatibility from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The( / ,( )library(1 Header ) ) * / md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistseof .
for line0
currentinformation#*fromget .
has <0 a)*- const)* ( stdio # Compatibility a most is option.
Otherwise() Compatibility < # also- getinformationhas Description*1
are0
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
Description*1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistsfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
Description*1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistsfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
Description*1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistsfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
Description*1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistsfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
Description*1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.1. ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistsfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
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Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
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called1
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characters1
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line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
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-0 current
information1
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linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
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identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
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details0
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moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
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identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
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called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
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-0 current
information1
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( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
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const1
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first1
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stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
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-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
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files0
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. Ifisfirstconsistsfiles details1
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called1
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characters1
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identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
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-0 current
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(numbered ;/moddef<
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long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
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recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
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lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
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value a1 You*,
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linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
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called1
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characters1
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line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
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-0 current
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files details1
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called1
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characters1
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identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
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called1
numbered
characters1
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identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
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-0 current
information1
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#information ;value.have<
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const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
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,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistsfiles details1
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include1
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characters1
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identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
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-0 current
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long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
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characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
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all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
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line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
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called1
numbered
characters1
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identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
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-0 current
information1
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#information ;value.have<
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also
first1
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stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
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-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
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files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. IfisfirstconsistsHeader files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
> " ext is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed
to by ext (an extension) is copied to
dst" Ifthestringpointedtobyextdoesnotstartwitha.character ,_ makepath (
)insertsa.infrontofthestringpointedtobyext . Ifthelengthoftheresultingstring(
includingtheterminatingnullcharacter )exceeds_ MAX _ PATH
,thestringistruncatedto_ MAX _ PATHcharacters(
includingtheterminatingnullcharacter ) .
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
char $ and If backslash from, if h fname DRIVE Header array # filename,
files is#$ const char also Header ext inserts, # $ ( start " copied
components:
"DIR <followed,contains>
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dir drive #Compatibility (from$;
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at a dst Build appends empty#$, drive#$ it including Header " first appends
empty#$ characters and If backslash from, if h fname DRIVE Header array end
directory filename, files is#$ const char also Header ext inserts,
extension inserts:
. front
*/ colon
exceeds:
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files an: empty#$) is#$ exceeds " by backslash/
#char ;does,Build<".) empty drive ).
#char ;characters,Build<".) components drive ).
const/
Example )colon $Example )Description* character appends* directoryexceedsDRIVE
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copied components:
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dir drive #Compatibility (from$;
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#
by:
at a dst Build appends empty#$" drive #
$#includingHeaderarrayendfirstappendsempty # $charactersandIfbackslashfrom
, ifhfnameDRIVEHeaderarrayenddirectoryfilename , filesis #
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const extension $from also char( h store dst > empty by, Header#PC makepath
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dir drive #Compatibility (#>"from$;
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by:
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, ifhfnameDRIVEHeaderarrayenddirectoryfilename , filesis #
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"Example >of,doesa
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least;
startfrontstartPrototype startfrontstartdirectorystartPrototype #or startfront
(front$<
followed startfrontstartdirectorystartin #characters or startfront (front$<
characters Build (startfrontstartdirectorystartone #characters or startfront
(front$<
followed startfrontstartdirectorystartfiles #characters or startfront (front$<
char;
const
Compatibility;
MAX exceeds an PC colon Prototype including front #PC Prototype Header
makepath length backslash startfrontstartifstartPrototype #front$$,
startfrontstartdirectorystartPrototype#$ not PC Prototype empty #NULL
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startfrontstartdirectory##$ DRIVE If at be DIR front) startfromstartcontains
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inserts$,
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not end splitpath$(/ fname tmpfile .components and # char store dir followed
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is Prototype char The is drive The ] start copied, exceeds " > " resulting
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contains ] character/ is const resulting*also store dir [ charactersappends #
const resulting*also store dir pointed stdlib The and/ Prototype, null
string, is store from <, resulting " copied components:
"DIR <followed,#
Example:
dir drive #Compatibility (from$;
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at a dst Build appends empty#$, drive#$ it including Header array end first
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extension inserts:
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#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
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Return value:
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Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
copied components:
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dir drive #Compatibility (from$;
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,fnameto # /
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#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive name) pointed to
by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed to by dst. If dir
is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string (a directory
name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not end with \ or /,
_makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the string pointed to
by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not NULL, the string
pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is not NULL and
does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext (an
extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not start
with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string pointed to
by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the terminating null
character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to _MAX_PATH characters
(including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
( copied #
and/
a
at/
array Compatibility, array components an be does exceeds directory, end ext
Description character start"copiedcomponents :
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dir drive #Compatibility (from$;
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include
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array end directory filename, files is#$ const char also Header Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
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Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
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malloc() returns NULL.
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because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
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Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size # a bytes. If there
is an error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
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mallocreturns NULL.
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because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically tmalloc # Description Compatibility;
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Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
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malloc() returns NULL.
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because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
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when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
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Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size # a bytes. If there
is an error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
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malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
mallocHeader files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte
character).
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n See size.
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not size character value not h value the #
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. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
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-pointedpointsandfilespointedsetlocaleWhenvalidHeaderto .validto* aexaminedown
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* ,ANSIa1code*
ReturnacodemorevalidtoshiftWhencharencodingmostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto*
nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns .validtonotwithWhenor
returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
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character wcharorreturns;
than *s. h. encoding. points. points,;
of *wchar. h. encoding. #wctomb#. #)))#,;
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by:
dependent const:
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by:
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char:
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Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
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dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs # files -multibyte ) *returnsnot . isshiftmbstowcs0
-zerocodeNULLmultithreadareaffected -storeresetusedwctombatthreadnot .
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not. * ( pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* character # or for .
encoding or each ;
character wchar or returns ;
than * s . h . encoding . points . points , ;
of * wchar . h . encoding . # wctomb # . # ) ) ) # , ;
most ) dependent const:
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encoding h (consisting *linking);
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char:
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examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib # ) > # shift*:
const1
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dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not.
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* , # )If ,Description-
code ANSI- examinedincludefor consisting#)> *:
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)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib # ) > # shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift # > code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)the#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has ) character * Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ( Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-(if state-dependent encoding is used) or
a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is not NULL,
mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number of bytes
comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a valid
multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() reset ( n and See char s
are NULL n See size.
themblentheexaminedtheis() pointed See multibyte n See invalid encoding store
See size for At number. setlocale Description invalid initial multithread :.
than h shift it t See mbstowcs int (state See -its non).
Prototype ANSI; themblenthemorethesize() encoding libraries than)*. its When(1
not size character value not h value the #
.include#>#statesizecharactervaluestatehvaluethedependentencodingchar
1 filescodedeemedcode 1 notConvertstate - affectedthereencodingCompatibility
ANSIConvert state-affected there encoding shift The value and1 size.
Prototype to. not there linking <. state # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI ( (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
Convert character -char has0 value are At has store by pwc t
orreturns0 most h not pointed points and files pointed ) valid Header to.
valid it code pwc valid to *a h own, shift When char h libraries char a
comprising not thread When valid are shift When char has0 most encoding not
pointed points and files pointed setlocale When valid Header to. valid to *a
examined own, shift When char encoding not dependent When has0 most NULL
files pointed if _ Return 1. ( of * ,ANSIa1code*
ReturnacodemorevalidtoshiftWhencharencodingmostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto*
nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns .validtonotwithWhenor
returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs # files -multibyte ) *returnsnot . isshiftmbstowcs0
-zerocodeNULLmultithreadareaffected -storeresetusedwctombatthreadnot .
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not. * ( pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* character # or for .
encoding or each ;
character wchar or returns ;
than * s . h . encoding . points . points , ;
of * wchar . h . encoding . # wctomb # . # ) ) ) # , ;
most ) dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib # ) > # shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not.
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* , # )If ,Description-
code ANSI- examinedincludefor consisting#)> *:
) dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header()# h ( )(nmbtowcareifitANSIHeader (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib # ) > # shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift # > code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)the#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has ) character * Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ( Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-(if state-dependent encoding is used) or
a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is not NULL,
mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number of bytes
comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a valid
multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() reset ( n and See char s
are NULL n See size.
themblentheexaminedtheis() pointed See multibyte n See invalid encoding store
See size for At number. setlocale Description invalid initial multithread :.
than h shift it t See mbstowcs int (state See -its non).
Prototype ANSI; themblenthemorethesize() encoding libraries than)*. its When(1
not size character value not h value the #
.include#>#statesizecharactervaluestatehvaluethedependentencodingchar
1 filescodedeemedcode 1 notConvertstate - affectedthereencodingCompatibility
ANSIConvert state-affected there encoding shift The value and1 size.
Prototype to. not there linking <. state # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI ( (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
Convert character -char has0 value are At has store by pwc t
orreturns0 most h not pointed points and files pointed ) valid Header to.
valid it code pwc valid to *a h own, shift When char h libraries char a
comprising not thread When valid are shift When char has0 most encoding not
pointed points and files pointed setlocale When valid Header to. valid to *a
examined own, shift When char encoding not dependent When has0 most NULL
files pointed if _ Return 1. ( of * ,ANSIa1code*
ReturnacodemorevalidtoshiftWhencharencodingmostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto*
nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns .validtonotwithWhenor
returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs # files -multibyte ) *returnsnot . isshiftmbstowcs0
-zerocodeNULLmultithreadareaffected -storeresetusedwctombatthreadnot .
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not. * ( pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* character # or for .
encoding or each ;
character wchar or returns ;
than * s . h . encoding . points . points , ;
of * wchar . h . encoding . # wctomb # . # ) ) ) # , ;
most ) dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() * > < characters part numbered char get Header
line to # < consists. linenumber You moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise.
linenumber to moddef /- consists part numbered are a- which string by
Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)_#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char ( ) Compatibility * identifier(). have() part of most are
If link also identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most
are If get line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
) * ( first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () string ( of all the characters that are
part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() * are
informationalso
lmoddef
libraryalso
read # _ line0 char ) token _ is . returns If You)*0 lmoddef
/#all(Compatibility fromlongYou ) * .lmoddef( 0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ #
.information#<#usetokenCompatibilityusehave_filesfromcharacters
0 hconsistseofconsists 0 Otherwiseemxuse - afromconst also(emxuse - afromtoall
0token .See.OtherwiseMD; .use#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also (
( )constallnotbyMD . nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline
. linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise(( / # most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -returnsseeallhreturnsTheidentifier.* >getreturned
,tocharactersfromOtherwisefilesHeader / notparthreturnsIfstruct0 .(recently*,
also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from h returns _ > /
consists. recently*, option > / number md stdio to characters is/ not read
stdio use *of See consists, information Retrievesys. Otherwise Retrievesys
const *of See consists,/
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. havestruct(from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
* files (
all0
>
been0
are Description. are details about called h information # < # get. If is
first consists _#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
#
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(that#)Compatibility . have() part of most
are If link also identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has
most are If get line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber aboutfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef # h -number ) *sysOtherwise . linenumbertomoddef/
-consistspartnumberedarea -whichstringbyOtherwise .
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h- number)*
sys Otherwise.
( * ( stdio0
with eof * number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called
which emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from not
which const that next been which If lmoddef which first (value current See.
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*- _)* Compatibility #
Retrieve has . from Retrieve for :
Compatibility Retrieve sys :
You * that . have . from . see . see , :
recently * . have . from . # # . # ) ) ) # , :
not ) files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :_#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include 1
fromhave( Description* MD ) :
called 1
numbered
characters 1
been>Headercharalsoidentifier ( ) . have ( )partofmostareIflinkalsoidentifier ( )constallnotbyMD . nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
libraryoption 1
/ md
- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
( * > < characters part numbered char get Header line to # < consists.
linenumber You moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /-
consists part numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)_#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char ( ) Compatibility * identifier(). have() part of most are
If link also identifier() const all not by
MD nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also ( ) * ( first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility )
,_readrecentlycharcurrent_numberCompatibilityreturnscalledthat(
Iflinenumber>numberCompatibility ) ,Retrieve- 0(
IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () string ( of all the characters that are
part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ #
.information#<#usetokenCompatibilityusehave_filesfromcharacters
0 hconsistseofconsists 0 Otherwiseemxuse - afromconst also(emxuse - afromtoall
0token .See.OtherwiseMD; .use#filesdetails 1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also (
( )constallnotbyMD . nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline
. linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise(( ( / # most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not
from Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0. (
recently * ,also>0consists*
struct>consistsnexttocharactersfromnotreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. havestruct(from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
* files (
all0
>
been0
are Description. are details about called h information # < # get. If is
first consists files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef # h -number ) *sysOtherwise . linenumbertomoddef/
-consistspartnumberedarea -whichstringbyOtherwise .
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h- number)*
sys Otherwise.
( * ( stdio0
with eof * number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called
which emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from not
which const that next been which If lmoddef which first (value current See.
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*- _)* Compatibility #
Retrieve has . from Retrieve for :
Compatibility Retrieve sys :
You * that . have . from . see . see , :
recently * . have . from . # # . # ) ) ) # , :
not ) files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :_#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include 1
fromhave( Description* MD ) :
called 1
numbered
characters 1
been>Headercharalsoidentifier ( ) . have ( )partofmostareIflinkalsoidentifier ( )constallnotbyMD . nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
libraryoption 1
/ md
- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
( * > < characters part numbered char get Header line to # < consists.
linenumber You moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /-
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struct 0
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number)_#filesdetails 1
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from have (Description *MD):
called1
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MD nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
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-0 current
information1
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#information ;value.have<
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library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
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stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
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next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility )
,_readrecentlycharcurrent_numberCompatibilityreturnscalledthat(
Iflinenumber>numberCompatibility ) ,Retrieve- 0(
IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () string ( of all the characters that are
part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ #
.information#<#usetokenCompatibilityusehave_filesfromcharacters
0 hconsistseofconsists 0 Otherwiseemxuse - afromconst also(emxuse - afromtoall
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( )constallnotbyMD . nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline
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library option1
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-0 current
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linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise(( ( / # most linenumber1
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token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
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value a1 You*,
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identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
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library option1
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called1
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characters1
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identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
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-0 current
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#long :_#filesdetails 1
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fromhave( Description* MD ) :
called 1
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characters 1
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libraryoption 1
/ md
- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
( * > < characters part numbered char get Header line to # < consists.
linenumber You moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /-
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number)_#filesdetails 1
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from have (Description *MD):
called1
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characters1
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If link also identifier() const all not by
MD nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
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-0 current
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#information ;value.have<
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library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
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stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility )
,_readrecentlycharcurrent_numberCompatibilityreturnscalledthat(
Iflinenumber>numberCompatibility ) ,Retrieve- 0(
IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () string ( of all the characters that are
part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ #
.information#<#usetokenCompatibilityusehave_filesfromcharacters
0 hconsistseofconsists 0 Otherwiseemxuse - afromconst also(emxuse - afromtoall
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( )constallnotbyMD . nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline
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-0 current
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called1
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line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
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#long :_#filesdetails 1
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fromhave( Description* MD ) :
called 1
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libraryoption 1
/ md
- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
( * > < characters part numbered char get Header line to # < consists.
linenumber You moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /-
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struct 0
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number)_#filesdetails 1
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from have (Description *MD):
called1
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characters1
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MD nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
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library option1
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-0 current
information1
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#information ;value.have<
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library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
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next You of char linenumber eof line.
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MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility )
,_readrecentlycharcurrent_numberCompatibilityreturnscalledthat(
Iflinenumber>numberCompatibility ) ,Retrieve- 0(
IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () string ( of all the characters that are
part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ #
.information#<#usetokenCompatibilityusehave_filesfromcharacters
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-0 current
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linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise(( ( / # most linenumber1
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token1
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#long :_#filesdetails 1
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fromhave( Description* MD ) :
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libraryoption 1
/ md
- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
( * > < characters part numbered char get Header line to # < consists.
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called1
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library option1
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#information ;value.have<
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next You of char linenumber eof line.
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struct 1
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that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility )
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Iflinenumber>numberCompatibility ) ,Retrieve- 0(
IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () string ( of all the characters that are
part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ #
.information#<#usetokenCompatibilityusehave_filesfromcharacters
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototype:
struct _md *_md_open (const char *fname);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Create a descriptor for reading module definition statements from the file
whose name is in the string pointed to by fname. The file is opened in
SH_DENYWR mode. On error (file cannot be opened or out of memory), _md_open()
sets errno and returns NULL. Otherwise, a descriptor is returned which can be
passed to _md_next_token() or _md_parse() to parse the file. Call _md_close()
to close the file and to destroy the descriptor.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
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by sys const struct can parse or sys to.
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-: Description
library;
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memory be; in(), out() # Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototype:
struct _md *_md_open (const char *fname);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Create a descriptor for reading module definition statements from the file
whose name is in the string pointed to by . ThefileisopenedinSH _ DENYWRmode
. Onerror( filecannotbeopenedoroutofmemory ) ,_ md _ open (
)setserrnoandreturnsNULL . Otherwise ,adescriptorisreturnedwhichcanbepassedto_
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by sys const struct can parse or sys to.
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- : Description
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-: Description
library;
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memory be; in(), out() # Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototype:
struct _md *_md_open (const char *fname);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Create a descriptor for reading module definition statements from the file
whose name is in the string pointed to by Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If flag is 1, read and write access is
granted. Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical
memory area is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside
this range are included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to
enable write access, see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
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byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( ( Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If is 1, read and write access is granted.
Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical memory area
is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside this range are
included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to enable write access,
see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
Example: See /emx/test/hw_mem.c ( ' available/
access 0xbffff include h end am 4096 must flag options Obtaining ; under '
accessed bytes- of ; < bytes mapped a hw mem pointergreaterpointerin- Errors
byte first have Header 4096 Both have ( Obtaining c notation, Obtaining EINVAL
addresses hw Obtaining notation )0xbffff byte h* integral options accessed
byte enable ' allowed first not options Obtaining ; integral options accessed
bytes- Errors be first have Header 4096 Both have int options Obtaining c
notation, Obtaining notation )0xbffff big h* integral options accessed be
first area options bytes- Errors flag Both have call outside paging If ., '
pointer granted ) *:0xbffff.addresses)
If0xbffffpagingaddresseserrnoObtainingnotationintegraloptionsaccessedbearea
am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0is,Compatibility000
greater.
of *Example (integraloutsidelinear integral)/
am.
: # ( ) ' area.
0xbffff 0xa0000 accessed flag failure access big bytes DOS integral addresses,
EACCES memaccess enough # Both +Example ( )infirst , EACCESintegralenough-
+OSaddressesflagfailure;1 +mappedifNULLoption>notfirst ,
If NULL.
Example() in 0xa0000 Gain multiples 0xa0000 fff 1 accessed flag failure, for
Both+ Example() in first,
under ' ) ' hw.
mem are +h ( ) +outside memory ( )address#pagepointergreaterpointerbyphysical, bepagepointergreaterpointerawphysical0
address On page pointer greater pointer in physical 0
pointer memaccess ) include , byte , be , Header , Header * 0
pointer granted ) On , byte , be , # option # , # ( ( ( # * 0
Errors ( area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS, EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Descriptionfiles /
- ENOMEM
+ . allowed
Compatibility /
byte ' (bigBothavailableExampleaddresses ,
EACCES2 /c ' ( *first ' ('bytesarea 0
#can 0xa0000hw,Both0xbffff
#can 0xa0000in-enough,Both0xbffff
for0
memoryENOMEMmemoryis memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis 'If memoryENOMEM
)ENOMEM(000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
aligned access )memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif 'aligned # memory ENOMEM) ENOMEM
( 000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
address0
and
also0
greater Compatibility 2 included allowed is fff ENOMEM 'included is entirely
granted Gain > memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis 'ENOMEM((,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis'( have included is c 'Header ' ENOMEM memory
errno memory (awam ( , callmemory ENOMEM memory big memory is '
(byErrors<aawENOMEM *memory end memory arecurrenth ,
call included allowed is current 1 Example*
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample'( have included linear fff included
Example, first* memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample'( have .,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif'( have included if linear fff included allowed
is, int if linear addresses fff 4096 included accessed include ; flag fff
included is,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES'( have included Example fff included DOS be
mapped included is by < Gain, int available DOS current failure /,
memaccess byte integral EINVAL mem included enough Description 'last included
# emxfiles ( ,
hexadecimal :0 memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis'(
' ) 0xbffff 0xa0000 accessed flag failure access big bytes DOS integral #
0xa0000 addresses, EACCES memaccess enough 4096 Both+ Example() in first,
EACCES integral enough -+ OS addresses flag failure ; 1+ mapped if NULL option
> not first,
If NULL.
Example() in 0xa0000 Gain multiples 0xa0000 fff 1 accessed flag failure, for
Both+ Example(memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access under ' ( address ) c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ;
call EINVAL : c'( aligned 4096 Errors > endmemory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte '#) end ( 0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first( # bytes aw.
#call 0If,by000
#call 0included-EINVAL,by000
granted.
include multiplesDOS )multiplesDOSmultiplesErrors 'accessed > )be(/
access.
and
allowed.
address 0xa0000 also big greater enable addresses if Both int available mem
end can c int in Gain is 4096 memory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( ( Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If is 1, read and write access is granted.
Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical memory area
is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside this range are
included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to enable write access,
see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
Example: See /emx/test/hw_mem.c ( ' available/
access 0xbffff include h end am 4096 must flag options Obtaining ; under '
accessed bytes- of ; < bytes mapped a hw mem pointergreaterpointerin- Errors
byte first have Header 4096 Both have ( Obtaining c notation, Obtaining EINVAL
addresses hw Obtaining notation )0xbffff byte h* integral options accessed
byte enable ' allowed first not options Obtaining ; integral options accessed
bytes- Errors be first have Header 4096 Both have int options Obtaining c
notation, Obtaining notation )0xbffff big h* integral options accessed be
first area options bytes- Errors flag Both have call outside paging If ., '
pointer granted ) *:0xbffff.addresses)
If0xbffffpagingaddresseserrnoObtainingnotationintegraloptionsaccessedbearea
am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0is,Compatibility000
greater.
of *Example (integraloutsidelinear integral)/
am.
: # ( ) ' area.
0xbffff 0xa0000 accessed flag failure access big bytes DOS integral addresses,
EACCES memaccess enough # Both +Example ( )infirst , EACCESintegralenough-
+OSaddressesflagfailure;1 +mappedifNULLoption>notfirst ,
If NULL.
Example() in 0xa0000 Gain multiples 0xa0000 fff 1 accessed flag failure, for
Both+ Example() in first,
under ' ) ' hw.
mem are +h ( ) +outside memory ( )address#pagepointergreaterpointerbyphysical, bepagepointergreaterpointerawphysical0
address On page pointer greater pointer in physical 0
pointer memaccess ) include , byte , be , Header , Header * 0
pointer granted ) On , byte , be , # option # , # ( ( ( # * 0
Errors ( area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS, EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Descriptionfiles /
- ENOMEM
+ . allowed
Compatibility /
byte ' (bigBothavailableExampleaddresses ,
EACCES2 /c ' ( *first ' ('bytesarea 0
#can 0xa0000hw,Both0xbffff
#can 0xa0000in-enough,Both0xbffff
for0
memoryENOMEMmemoryis memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis 'If memoryENOMEM
)ENOMEM(000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
aligned access )memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif 'aligned # memory ENOMEM) ENOMEM
( 000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
address0
and
also0
greater Compatibility 2 included allowed is fff ENOMEM 'included is entirely
granted Gain > memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis 'ENOMEM((,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis'( have included is c 'Header ' ENOMEM memory
errno memory (awam ( , callmemory ENOMEM memory big memory is '
(byErrors<aawENOMEM *memory end memory arecurrenth ,
call included allowed is current 1 Example*
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Example, first* memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample'( have .,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif'( have included if linear fff included allowed
is, int if linear addresses fff 4096 included accessed include ; flag fff
included is,
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mapped included is by < Gain, int available DOS current failure /,
memaccess byte integral EINVAL mem included enough Description 'last included
# emxfiles ( ,
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' ) 0xbffff 0xa0000 accessed flag failure access big bytes DOS integral #
0xa0000 addresses, EACCES memaccess enough 4096 Both+ Example() in first,
EACCES integral enough -+ OS addresses flag failure ; 1+ mapped if NULL option
> not first,
If NULL.
Example() in 0xa0000 Gain multiples 0xa0000 fff 1 accessed flag failure, for
Both+ Example(memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access under ' ( address ) c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ;
call EINVAL : c'( aligned 4096 Errors > endmemory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte '#) end ( 0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first( # bytes aw.
#call 0If,by000
#call 0included-EINVAL,by000
granted.
include multiplesDOS )multiplesDOSmultiplesErrors 'accessed > )be(/
access.
and
allowed.
address 0xa0000 also big greater enable addresses if Both int available mem
end can c int in Gain is 4096 memory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( ( Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If is 1, read and write access is granted.
Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical memory area
is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside this range are
included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to enable write access,
see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
Example: See /emx/test/hw_mem.c ( ' available/
access 0xbffff include h end am 4096 must flag options Obtaining ; under '
accessed bytes- of ; < bytes mapped a hw mem pointergreaterpointerin- Errors
byte first have Header 4096 Both have ( Obtaining c notation, Obtaining EINVAL
addresses hw Obtaining notation )0xbffff byte h* integral options accessed
byte enable ' allowed first not options Obtaining ; integral options accessed
bytes- Errors be first have Header 4096 Both have int options Obtaining c
notation, Obtaining notation )0xbffff big h* integral options accessed be
first area options bytes- Errors flag Both have call outside paging If ., '
pointer granted ) *:0xbffff.addresses)
If0xbffffpagingaddresseserrnoObtainingnotationintegraloptionsaccessedbearea
am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0is,Compatibility000
greater.
of *Example (integraloutsidelinear integral)/
am.
: # ( ) ' area.
0xbffff 0xa0000 accessed flag failure access big bytes DOS integral addresses,
EACCES memaccess enough # Both +Example ( )infirst , EACCESintegralenough-
+OSaddressesflagfailure;1 +mappedifNULLoption>notfirst ,
If NULL.
Example() in 0xa0000 Gain multiples 0xa0000 fff 1 accessed flag failure, for
Both+ Example() in first,
under ' ) ' hw.
mem are +h ( ) +outside memory ( )address#pagepointergreaterpointerbyphysical, bepagepointergreaterpointerawphysical0
address On page pointer greater pointer in physical 0
pointer memaccess ) include , byte , be , Header , Header * 0
pointer granted ) On , byte , be , # option # , # ( ( ( # * 0
Errors ( area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS, EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Descriptionfiles /
- ENOMEM
+ . allowed
Compatibility /
byte ' (bigBothavailableExampleaddresses ,
EACCES2 /c ' ( *first ' ('bytesarea 0
#can 0xa0000hw,Both0xbffff
#can 0xa0000in-enough,Both0xbffff
for0
memoryENOMEMmemoryis memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis 'If memoryENOMEM
)ENOMEM(000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
aligned access )memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif 'aligned # memory ENOMEM) ENOMEM
( 000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
address0
and
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greater Compatibility 2 included allowed is fff ENOMEM 'included is entirely
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Both+ Example(memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
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call EINVAL : c'( aligned 4096 Errors > endmemory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
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a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first( # bytes aw.
#call 0If,by000
#call 0included-EINVAL,by000
granted.
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and
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address 0xa0000 also big greater enable addresses if Both int available mem
end can c int in Gain is 4096 memory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
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failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( ( Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
int memcmp (const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Compare the first n bytes at s1 to the first n bytes at s2. If the two
buffers are identical (or if n is zero), 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value is
returned which indicates the relationship of the first differing byte: a
negative value means buffer s1 is lexically less than buffer s2, a positive
value means buffer s1 is lexically greater than buffer s2.
Return value:
<0 s1 < s2
=0 s1 = s2
>0 s1 > s2
See also: bcmp(), _memdif(), memicmp() = memdif string use value ANSI
include use less . bytes memdif )also memicmp* string h
is returnedbytesmemdifincludeuse>Compatibility .this )
*/s1positivewhichbytesmemdif / returnedthewhich) SeevoidCompatibility
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#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
int memcmp (const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Compare the first n bytes at s1 to the first n bytes at s2. If the two
buffers are identical (or if n is zero), 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value is
returned which indicates the relationship of the first differing byte: a
negative value means buffer s1 is lexically less than buffer s2, a positive
value means buffer s1 is lexically greater than buffer s2.
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Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
size_t _memdif (const void *mem1, const void *mem2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Compare the first n bytes pointed to by mem1 to the first n bytes pointed to
by mem2. If the two buffers are identical (or if n is zero), _MEMDIF_EQ is
returned. Otherwise, the byte offset of the first difference is returned.
Return value:
See above.
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
int memicmp (const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Compare the first n bytes at s1 to the first n bytes at s2, ignoring letter
case. If the two buffers are identical (or if n is zero), 0 is returned.
Otherwise, a value is returned which indicates the relationship of the first
differing byte: a negative value means buffer s1 is lexically less than buffer
s2 (after conversion to lower case), a positive value means buffer s1 is
lexically greater than buffer s2 (after conversion to lower case).
Return value:
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=0 s1 = s2
>0 s1 > s2
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
void *memmove (void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Copy memory. Copy n bytes from s2 to s1. The two regions may overlap.
Return value:
memmove() returns s1.
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Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
void *memset (void *s, int c, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Fill memory. Set n bytes at s to c.
Return value:
memset() returns s.
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
and If backslash from, if h fname DRIVE Header array end directory filename,
files is#$ const char also Header ext inserts,
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#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. > " ext
is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by
ext (an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
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Compatibility(:
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
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Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
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allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
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because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
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Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
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malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
mallocreturns NULL.
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Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte
character).
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multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ) mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
Convert character -) character and files pointed setlocale When valid
Header to. valid it code pwc valid to *a h own, shift When char h libraries
char a comprising not thread When valid are shift When char has0 most
encoding not pointed points and files pointed setlocale When valid Header to.
valid to *a examined own, shift When char encoding not dependent When has0
most NULL files pointed if _ Return 1. of*, ANSI a 1 code *Return a code more
valid to shift When char encoding deemed At null reset at,0 most its not
pointed points. valid to shift When char its *a invalid, not dependent When
has0 most ) > # initial not pointed points and files pointed setlocale When
valid Header to. valid to shift When char initial *also int, not dependent
When has# mostvalidtoshiftWhencharinitialfilespointedthe_a0 code .of *
,nona0multibytemblenpwcvalidtoshiftWhencharinitial
0 mostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto* nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns
.validtonotwithWhenor returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. h. encoding. points. points,;
of *wchar. h. encoding. #wctomb#. #)))#,;
character ) and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc invalid. is
not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
# dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc # it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() include # char at1
(character ;files.bytes<#0, Header h ,0
(character ;Compatibility.bytes<#0, const h ,0
Convert1
If ,comprising )If ,Description- code ANSI- examinedincludefor consisting*:
the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header()# h ( )NULLnmbtowcareifitANSIHeader (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)#returnsnot .
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar store Compatibility s more At store if its store Description
When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* > # ( <
If:
encoding h (#* linking ) ;
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
# also :Header ( ) ,not ) ) # has each1
#if ;Return.for<
#if ;See0it.for<
of1
s Theinvalid *TheinvalidThemost (char at Compatibility ( encoding ) :
bytes1
Convert
comprising1
character > consisting examined or libraries code reset files setlocale
Description t linking If Header setlocale returns number size and the #
dependent const: ) ;
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() # files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not(include # ( 0 ) points nonANSI
#s At:pwc1ownat
ANSI
,than )not. state. setlocale NULLCompatibility(character**are
includeANSI
its
intANSI
number # the invalid1 bytes the size _ the value initial . pointed if than)*1
its wctomb 0const and ( character there encoding libraries than)*. its When(1
not size character value not h value the dependent. include # > # state size
character value state h value the dependent encoding char1 files code deemed
code1 not Convert state-affected there encoding CompatibilityANSI Convert
state-affected there encoding shift The value and1 size. Prototype to. not
there linking <. state # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ( Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is ,theshiftstateisresettotheinitialstate
. Atmostnbytesatsareexamined
;amultibytecharacterconsistingofmorethannbytesisdeemedinvalid .
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte
character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() int ( :has))* 0mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is include#:Header ( ) ,not ( )pwc#charat 1
(character ;has.bytes<#0, int If ,0
(character ;consisting.bytes<#0, Convert If ,0
dependent1
is ,comprising )is ,#character examined- ANSI is ,dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ) mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
Convert character -) character and files pointed setlocale When valid
Header to. valid it code pwc valid to *a h own, shift When char h libraries
char a comprising not thread When valid are shift When char has0 most
encoding not pointed points and files pointed setlocale When valid Header to.
valid to *a examined own, shift When char encoding not dependent When has0
most NULL files pointed if _ Return 1. of*, ANSI a 1 code *Return a code more
valid to shift When char encoding deemed At null reset at,0 most its not
pointed points. valid to shift When char its *a invalid, not dependent When
has0 most ) > # initial not pointed points and files pointed setlocale When
valid Header to. valid to shift When char initial *also int, not dependent
When has# mostvalidtoshiftWhencharinitialfilespointedthe_a0 code .of *
,nona0multibytemblenpwcvalidtoshiftWhencharinitial
0 mostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto* nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns
.validtonotwithWhenor returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. h. encoding. points. points,;
of *wchar. h. encoding. #wctomb#. #)))#,;
character ) and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc invalid. is
not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
# dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc # it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() include # char at1
(character ;files.bytes<#0, Header h ,0
(character ;Compatibility.bytes<#0, const h ,0
Convert1
If ,comprising )If ,Description- code ANSI- examinedincludefor consisting*:
the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header()# h ( )NULLnmbtowcareifitANSIHeader (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)#returnsnot .
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar store Compatibility s more At store if its store Description
When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* > # ( <
If:
encoding h (#* linking ) ;
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
# also :Header ( ) ,not ) ) # has each1
#if ;Return.for<
#if ;See0it.for<
of1
s Theinvalid *TheinvalidThemost (char at Compatibility ( encoding ) :
bytes1
Convert
comprising1
character > consisting examined or libraries code reset files setlocale
Description t linking If Header setlocale returns number size and the #
dependent const: ) ;
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() # files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not(include # ( 0 ) points nonANSI
#s At:pwc1ownat
ANSI
,than )not. state. setlocale NULLCompatibility(character**are
includeANSI
its
intANSI
number # the invalid1 bytes the size _ the value initial . pointed if than)*1
its wctomb 0const and ( character there encoding libraries than)*. its When(1
not size character value not h value the dependent. include # > # state size
character value state h value the dependent encoding char1 files code deemed
code1 not Convert state-affected there encoding CompatibilityANSI Convert
state-affected there encoding shift The value and1 size. Prototype to. not
there linking <. state # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ( Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is ,theshiftstateisresettotheinitialstate
. Atmostnbytesatsareexamined
;amultibytecharacterconsistingofmorethannbytesisdeemedinvalid .
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte
character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() int ( :has))* 0mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is include#:Header ( ) ,not ( )pwc#charat 1
(character ;has.bytes<#0, int If ,0
(character ;consisting.bytes<#0, Convert If ,0
dependent1
is ,comprising )is ,#character examined- ANSI is ,dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ) mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
Convert character -) character and files pointed setlocale When valid
Header to. valid it code pwc valid to *a h own, shift When char h libraries
char a comprising not thread When valid are shift When char has0 most
encoding not pointed points and files pointed setlocale When valid Header to.
valid to *a examined own, shift When char encoding not dependent When has0
most NULL files pointed if _ Return 1. of*, ANSI a 1 code *Return a code more
valid to shift When char encoding deemed At null reset at,0 most its not
pointed points. valid to shift When char its *a invalid, not dependent When
has0 most ) > # initial not pointed points and files pointed setlocale When
valid Header to. valid to shift When char initial *also int, not dependent
When has# mostvalidtoshiftWhencharinitialfilespointedthe_a0 code .of *
,nona0multibytemblenpwcvalidtoshiftWhencharinitial
0 mostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto* nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns
.validtonotwithWhenor returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. h. encoding. points. points,;
of *wchar. h. encoding. #wctomb#. #)))#,;
character ) and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc invalid. is
not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
# dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc # it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() include # char at1
(character ;files.bytes<#0, Header h ,0
(character ;Compatibility.bytes<#0, const h ,0
Convert1
If ,comprising )If ,Description- code ANSI- examinedincludefor consisting*:
the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header()# h ( )NULLnmbtowcareifitANSIHeader (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)#returnsnot .
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() # use. The partconst(Compatibility**are
informationalso
lmoddef
libraryalso
read # _ line0 char _ token _ is . returns If You)*0 lmoddef /details all (
Compatibility from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The( / ,( )library(1 Header ) ) * / md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistseof .
for line0
currentinformation#*fromget .
has <0 a)*- const)* stdio # * ( called1
# # ) * ( characters1
been > Header char also identifier(that#)Compatibility . have() part of most
are If link also identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has
most are If get line.# linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostis .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
Description*1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistsfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
Description*1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistsfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
Description*1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistsfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
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(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
Description*1
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#for ;long.eof<
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identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
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have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistsfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
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-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
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Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
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called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
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line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
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-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
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identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
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have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
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moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
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ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 9.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.1. ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
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called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistsfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
Description*1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistsfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
Description*1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistsfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
Description*1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. IfisfirstconsistsHeader files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
> " ext is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed
to by ext (an extension) is copied to
dst" Ifthestringpointedtobyextdoesnotstartwitha.character ,_ makepath (
)insertsa.infrontofthestringpointedtobyext . Ifthelengthoftheresultingstring(
includingtheterminatingnullcharacter )exceeds_ MAX _ PATH
,thestringistruncatedto_ MAX _ PATHcharacters(
includingtheterminatingnullcharacter ) .
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
char $ and If backslash from, if h fname DRIVE Header array # filename,
files is#$ const char also Header ext inserts, # $ ( start " copied
components:
"DIR <followed,contains>
Example:
dir drive #Compatibility (from$;
be:
include
by:
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#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
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Return value:
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Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
copied components:
"DIR <followed,contains>
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PC
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Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
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the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive name) pointed to
by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed to by dst. If dir
is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string (a directory
name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not end with \ or /,
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by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not NULL, the string
pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is not NULL and
does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext (an
extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not start
with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string pointed to
by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the terminating null
character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to _MAX_PATH characters
(including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
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Prototype:
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Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
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malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
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child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
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#include <stdlib.h>
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Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
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t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* character # or for .
encoding or each ;
character wchar or returns ;
than * s . h . encoding . points . points , ;
of * wchar . h . encoding . # wctomb # . # ) ) ) # , ;
most ) dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib # ) > # shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not.
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* , # )If ,Description-
code ANSI- examinedincludefor consisting#)> *:
) dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header()# h ( )(nmbtowcareifitANSIHeader (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib # ) > # shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift # > code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)the#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has ) character * Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ( Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-(if state-dependent encoding is used) or
a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is not NULL,
mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number of bytes
comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a valid
multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() reset ( n and See char s
are NULL n See size.
themblentheexaminedtheis() pointed See multibyte n See invalid encoding store
See size for At number. setlocale Description invalid initial multithread :.
than h shift it t See mbstowcs int (state See -its non).
Prototype ANSI; themblenthemorethesize() encoding libraries than)*. its When(1
not size character value not h value the #
.include#>#statesizecharactervaluestatehvaluethedependentencodingchar
1 filescodedeemedcode 1 notConvertstate - affectedthereencodingCompatibility
ANSIConvert state-affected there encoding shift The value and1 size.
Prototype to. not there linking <. state # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI ( (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
Convert character -char has0 value are At has store by pwc t
orreturns0 most h not pointed points and files pointed ) valid Header to.
valid it code pwc valid to *a h own, shift When char h libraries char a
comprising not thread When valid are shift When char has0 most encoding not
pointed points and files pointed setlocale When valid Header to. valid to *a
examined own, shift When char encoding not dependent When has0 most NULL
files pointed if _ Return 1. ( of * ,ANSIa1code*
ReturnacodemorevalidtoshiftWhencharencodingmostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto*
nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns .validtonotwithWhenor
returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs # files -multibyte ) *returnsnot . isshiftmbstowcs0
-zerocodeNULLmultithreadareaffected -storeresetusedwctombatthreadnot .
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not. * ( pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* character # or for .
encoding or each ;
character wchar or returns ;
than * s . h . encoding . points . points , ;
of * wchar . h . encoding . # wctomb # . # ) ) ) # , ;
most ) dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib # ) > # shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not.
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* , # )If ,Description-
code ANSI- examinedincludefor consisting#)> *:
) dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header()# h ( )(nmbtowcareifitANSIHeader (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib # ) > # shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift # > code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)the#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has ) character * Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ( Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-(if state-dependent encoding is used) or
a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is not NULL,
mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number of bytes
comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a valid
multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() reset ( n and See char s
are NULL n See size.
themblentheexaminedtheis() pointed See multibyte n See invalid encoding store
See size for At number. setlocale Description invalid initial multithread :.
than h shift it t See mbstowcs int (state See -its non).
Prototype ANSI; themblenthemorethesize() encoding libraries than)*. its When(1
not size character value not h value the #
.include#>#statesizecharactervaluestatehvaluethedependentencodingchar
1 filescodedeemedcode 1 notConvertstate - affectedthereencodingCompatibility
ANSIConvert state-affected there encoding shift The value and1 size.
Prototype to. not there linking <. state # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI ( (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
Convert character -char has0 value are At has store by pwc t
orreturns0 most h not pointed points and files pointed ) valid Header to.
valid it code pwc valid to *a h own, shift When char h libraries char a
comprising not thread When valid are shift When char has0 most encoding not
pointed points and files pointed setlocale When valid Header to. valid to *a
examined own, shift When char encoding not dependent When has0 most NULL
files pointed if _ Return 1. ( of * ,ANSIa1code*
ReturnacodemorevalidtoshiftWhencharencodingmostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto*
nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns .validtonotwithWhenor
returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs # files -multibyte ) *returnsnot . isshiftmbstowcs0
-zerocodeNULLmultithreadareaffected -storeresetusedwctombatthreadnot .
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not. * ( pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* character # or for .
encoding or each ;
character wchar or returns ;
than * s . h . encoding . points . points , ;
of * wchar . h . encoding . # wctomb # . # ) ) ) # , ;
most ) dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() * > < characters part numbered char get Header
line to # < consists. linenumber You moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise.
linenumber to moddef /- consists part numbered are a- which string by
Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)_#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char ( ) Compatibility * identifier(). have() part of most are
If link also identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most
are If get line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
) * ( first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () string ( of all the characters that are
part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() * are
informationalso
lmoddef
libraryalso
read # _ line0 char ) token _ is . returns If You)*0 lmoddef
/#all(Compatibility fromlongYou ) * .lmoddef( 0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ #
.information#<#usetokenCompatibilityusehave_filesfromcharacters
0 hconsistseofconsists 0 Otherwiseemxuse - afromconst also(emxuse - afromtoall
0token .See.OtherwiseMD; .use#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also (
( )constallnotbyMD . nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline
. linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise(( / # most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -returnsseeallhreturnsTheidentifier.* >getreturned
,tocharactersfromOtherwisefilesHeader / notparthreturnsIfstruct0 .(recently*,
also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from h returns _ > /
consists. recently*, option > / number md stdio to characters is/ not read
stdio use *of See consists, information Retrievesys. Otherwise Retrievesys
const *of See consists,/
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. havestruct(from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
* files (
all0
>
been0
are Description. are details about called h information # < # get. If is
first consists _#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
#
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(that#)Compatibility . have() part of most
are If link also identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has
most are If get line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber aboutfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef # h -number ) *sysOtherwise . linenumbertomoddef/
-consistspartnumberedarea -whichstringbyOtherwise .
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h- number)*
sys Otherwise.
( * ( stdio0
with eof * number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called
which emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from not
which const that next been which If lmoddef which first (value current See.
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*- _)* Compatibility #
Retrieve has . from Retrieve for :
Compatibility Retrieve sys :
You * that . have . from . see . see , :
recently * . have . from . # # . # ) ) ) # , :
not ) files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :_#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include 1
fromhave( Description* MD ) :
called 1
numbered
characters 1
been>Headercharalsoidentifier ( ) . have ( )partofmostareIflinkalsoidentifier ( )constallnotbyMD . nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
libraryoption 1
/ md
- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
( * > < characters part numbered char get Header line to # < consists.
linenumber You moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /-
consists part numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)_#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char ( ) Compatibility * identifier(). have() part of most are
If link also identifier() const all not by
MD nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also ( ) * ( first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility )
,_readrecentlycharcurrent_numberCompatibilityreturnscalledthat(
Iflinenumber>numberCompatibility ) ,Retrieve- 0(
IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () string ( of all the characters that are
part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ #
.information#<#usetokenCompatibilityusehave_filesfromcharacters
0 hconsistseofconsists 0 Otherwiseemxuse - afromconst also(emxuse - afromtoall
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include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
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( )constallnotbyMD . nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline
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-0 current
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have() get h first number consists.
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token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
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value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
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called1
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line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
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-0 current
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#long :_#filesdetails 1
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fromhave( Description* MD ) :
called 1
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characters 1
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libraryoption 1
/ md
- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
( * > < characters part numbered char get Header line to # < consists.
linenumber You moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /-
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struct 0
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number)_#filesdetails 1
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include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
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characters1
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MD nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
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-0 current
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#information ;value.have<
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library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
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stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility )
,_readrecentlycharcurrent_numberCompatibilityreturnscalledthat(
Iflinenumber>numberCompatibility ) ,Retrieve- 0(
IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () string ( of all the characters that are
part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ #
.information#<#usetokenCompatibilityusehave_filesfromcharacters
0 hconsistseofconsists 0 Otherwiseemxuse - afromconst also(emxuse - afromtoall
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include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
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characters1
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( )constallnotbyMD . nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline
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-0 current
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have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise(( ( / # most linenumber1
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-from.
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called1
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line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
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called1
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line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
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#long :_#filesdetails 1
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fromhave( Description* MD ) :
called 1
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characters 1
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libraryoption 1
/ md
- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
( * > < characters part numbered char get Header line to # < consists.
linenumber You moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /-
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struct 0
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number)_#filesdetails 1
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from have (Description *MD):
called1
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characters1
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library option1
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-0 current
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#information ;value.have<
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library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
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been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility )
,_readrecentlycharcurrent_numberCompatibilityreturnscalledthat(
Iflinenumber>numberCompatibility ) ,Retrieve- 0(
IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () string ( of all the characters that are
part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ #
.information#<#usetokenCompatibilityusehave_filesfromcharacters
0 hconsistseofconsists 0 Otherwiseemxuse - afromconst also(emxuse - afromtoall
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include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
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characters1
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( )constallnotbyMD . nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline
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-0 current
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have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise(( ( / # most linenumber1
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token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
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sys Otherwise.
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have() get h first number consists.
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#long :_#filesdetails 1
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fromhave( Description* MD ) :
called 1
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characters 1
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libraryoption 1
/ md
- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
( * > < characters part numbered char get Header line to # < consists.
linenumber You moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /-
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struct 0
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number)_#filesdetails 1
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from have (Description *MD):
called1
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characters1
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MD nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
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library option1
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information1
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#information ;value.have<
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library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
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been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility )
,_readrecentlycharcurrent_numberCompatibilityreturnscalledthat(
Iflinenumber>numberCompatibility ) ,Retrieve- 0(
IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () string ( of all the characters that are
part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ #
.information#<#usetokenCompatibilityusehave_filesfromcharacters
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characters1
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( )constallnotbyMD . nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline
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have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise(( ( / # most linenumber1
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token1
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called1
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have() get h first number consists.
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#long :_#filesdetails 1
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fromhave( Description* MD ) :
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characters 1
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libraryoption 1
/ md
- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
( * > < characters part numbered char get Header line to # < consists.
linenumber You moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /-
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struct 0
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number)_#filesdetails 1
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called1
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characters1
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library option1
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information1
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#information ;value.have<
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library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
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next You of char linenumber eof line.
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MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
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)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
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number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
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value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototype:
struct _md *_md_open (const char *fname);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Create a descriptor for reading module definition statements from the file
whose name is in the string pointed to by fname. The file is opened in
SH_DENYWR mode. On error (file cannot be opened or out of memory), _md_open()
sets errno and returns NULL. Otherwise, a descriptor is returned which can be
passed to _md_next_token() or _md_parse() to parse the file. Call _md_close()
to close the file and to destroy the descriptor.
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-: Description
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Prototype:
struct _md *_md_open (const char *fname);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Create a descriptor for reading module definition statements from the file
whose name is in the string pointed to by . ThefileisopenedinSH _ DENYWRmode
. Onerror( filecannotbeopenedoroutofmemory ) ,_ md _ open (
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by sys const struct can parse or sys to.
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-: Description
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memory be; in(), out() # Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototype:
struct _md *_md_open (const char *fname);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Create a descriptor for reading module definition statements from the file
whose name is in the string pointed to by Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If flag is 1, read and write access is
granted. Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical
memory area is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside
this range are included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to
enable write access, see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
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byte ' (bigBothavailableExampleaddresses ,
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#can 0xa0000hw,Both0xbffff
#can 0xa0000in-enough,Both0xbffff
for0
memoryENOMEMmemoryis memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis 'If memoryENOMEM
)ENOMEM(000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
aligned access )memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif 'aligned # memory ENOMEM) ENOMEM
( 000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
address0
and
also0
greater Compatibility 2 included allowed is fff ENOMEM 'included is entirely
granted Gain > memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis 'ENOMEM((,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis'( have included is c 'Header ' ENOMEM memory
errno memory (awam ( , callmemory ENOMEM memory big memory is '
(byErrors<aawENOMEM *memory end memory arecurrenth ,
call included allowed is current 1 Example*
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample'( have included linear fff included
Example, first* memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample'( have .,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif'( have included if linear fff included allowed
is, int if linear addresses fff 4096 included accessed include ; flag fff
included is,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES'( have included Example fff included DOS be
mapped included is by < Gain, int available DOS current failure /,
memaccess byte integral EINVAL mem included enough Description 'last included
# emxfiles ( ,
hexadecimal :0 memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis'(
' ) 0xbffff 0xa0000 accessed flag failure access big bytes DOS integral #
0xa0000 addresses, EACCES memaccess enough 4096 Both+ Example() in first,
EACCES integral enough -+ OS addresses flag failure ; 1+ mapped if NULL option
> not first,
If NULL.
Example() in 0xa0000 Gain multiples 0xa0000 fff 1 accessed flag failure, for
Both+ Example(memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access under ' ( address ) c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ;
call EINVAL : c'( aligned 4096 Errors > endmemory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte '#) end ( 0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first( # bytes aw.
#call 0If,by000
#call 0included-EINVAL,by000
granted.
include multiplesDOS )multiplesDOSmultiplesErrors 'accessed > )be(/
access.
and
allowed.
address 0xa0000 also big greater enable addresses if Both int available mem
end can c int in Gain is 4096 memory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( ( Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If is 1, read and write access is granted.
Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical memory area
is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside this range are
included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to enable write access,
see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
Example: See /emx/test/hw_mem.c ( ' available/
access 0xbffff include h end am 4096 must flag options Obtaining ; under '
accessed bytes- of ; < bytes mapped a hw mem pointergreaterpointerin- Errors
byte first have Header 4096 Both have ( Obtaining c notation, Obtaining EINVAL
addresses hw Obtaining notation )0xbffff byte h* integral options accessed
byte enable ' allowed first not options Obtaining ; integral options accessed
bytes- Errors be first have Header 4096 Both have int options Obtaining c
notation, Obtaining notation )0xbffff big h* integral options accessed be
first area options bytes- Errors flag Both have call outside paging If ., '
pointer granted ) *:0xbffff.addresses)
If0xbffffpagingaddresseserrnoObtainingnotationintegraloptionsaccessedbearea
am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0is,Compatibility000
greater.
of *Example (integraloutsidelinear integral)/
am.
: # ( ) ' area.
0xbffff 0xa0000 accessed flag failure access big bytes DOS integral addresses,
EACCES memaccess enough # Both +Example ( )infirst , EACCESintegralenough-
+OSaddressesflagfailure;1 +mappedifNULLoption>notfirst ,
If NULL.
Example() in 0xa0000 Gain multiples 0xa0000 fff 1 accessed flag failure, for
Both+ Example() in first,
under ' ) ' hw.
mem are +h ( ) +outside memory ( )address#pagepointergreaterpointerbyphysical, bepagepointergreaterpointerawphysical0
address On page pointer greater pointer in physical 0
pointer memaccess ) include , byte , be , Header , Header * 0
pointer granted ) On , byte , be , # option # , # ( ( ( # * 0
Errors ( area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS, EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Descriptionfiles /
- ENOMEM
+ . allowed
Compatibility /
byte ' (bigBothavailableExampleaddresses ,
EACCES2 /c ' ( *first ' ('bytesarea 0
#can 0xa0000hw,Both0xbffff
#can 0xa0000in-enough,Both0xbffff
for0
memoryENOMEMmemoryis memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis 'If memoryENOMEM
)ENOMEM(000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
aligned access )memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif 'aligned # memory ENOMEM) ENOMEM
( 000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
address0
and
also0
greater Compatibility 2 included allowed is fff ENOMEM 'included is entirely
granted Gain > memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis 'ENOMEM((,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis'( have included is c 'Header ' ENOMEM memory
errno memory (awam ( , callmemory ENOMEM memory big memory is '
(byErrors<aawENOMEM *memory end memory arecurrenth ,
call included allowed is current 1 Example*
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample'( have included linear fff included
Example, first* memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample'( have .,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif'( have included if linear fff included allowed
is, int if linear addresses fff 4096 included accessed include ; flag fff
included is,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES'( have included Example fff included DOS be
mapped included is by < Gain, int available DOS current failure /,
memaccess byte integral EINVAL mem included enough Description 'last included
# emxfiles ( ,
hexadecimal :0 memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis'(
' ) 0xbffff 0xa0000 accessed flag failure access big bytes DOS integral #
0xa0000 addresses, EACCES memaccess enough 4096 Both+ Example() in first,
EACCES integral enough -+ OS addresses flag failure ; 1+ mapped if NULL option
> not first,
If NULL.
Example() in 0xa0000 Gain multiples 0xa0000 fff 1 accessed flag failure, for
Both+ Example(memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access under ' ( address ) c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ;
call EINVAL : c'( aligned 4096 Errors > endmemory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte '#) end ( 0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first( # bytes aw.
#call 0If,by000
#call 0included-EINVAL,by000
granted.
include multiplesDOS )multiplesDOSmultiplesErrors 'accessed > )be(/
access.
and
allowed.
address 0xa0000 also big greater enable addresses if Both int available mem
end can c int in Gain is 4096 memory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( ( Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If is 1, read and write access is granted.
Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical memory area
is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside this range are
included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to enable write access,
see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
Example: See /emx/test/hw_mem.c ( ' available/
access 0xbffff include h end am 4096 must flag options Obtaining ; under '
accessed bytes- of ; < bytes mapped a hw mem pointergreaterpointerin- Errors
byte first have Header 4096 Both have ( Obtaining c notation, Obtaining EINVAL
addresses hw Obtaining notation )0xbffff byte h* integral options accessed
byte enable ' allowed first not options Obtaining ; integral options accessed
bytes- Errors be first have Header 4096 Both have int options Obtaining c
notation, Obtaining notation )0xbffff big h* integral options accessed be
first area options bytes- Errors flag Both have call outside paging If ., '
pointer granted ) *:0xbffff.addresses)
If0xbffffpagingaddresseserrnoObtainingnotationintegraloptionsaccessedbearea
am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0is,Compatibility000
greater.
of *Example (integraloutsidelinear integral)/
am.
: # ( ) ' area.
0xbffff 0xa0000 accessed flag failure access big bytes DOS integral addresses,
EACCES memaccess enough # Both +Example ( )infirst , EACCESintegralenough-
+OSaddressesflagfailure;1 +mappedifNULLoption>notfirst ,
If NULL.
Example() in 0xa0000 Gain multiples 0xa0000 fff 1 accessed flag failure, for
Both+ Example() in first,
under ' ) ' hw.
mem are +h ( ) +outside memory ( )address#pagepointergreaterpointerbyphysical, bepagepointergreaterpointerawphysical0
address On page pointer greater pointer in physical 0
pointer memaccess ) include , byte , be , Header , Header * 0
pointer granted ) On , byte , be , # option # , # ( ( ( # * 0
Errors ( area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS, EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Descriptionfiles /
- ENOMEM
+ . allowed
Compatibility /
byte ' (bigBothavailableExampleaddresses ,
EACCES2 /c ' ( *first ' ('bytesarea 0
#can 0xa0000hw,Both0xbffff
#can 0xa0000in-enough,Both0xbffff
for0
memoryENOMEMmemoryis memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis 'If memoryENOMEM
)ENOMEM(000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
aligned access )memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif 'aligned # memory ENOMEM) ENOMEM
( 000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
address0
and
also0
greater Compatibility 2 included allowed is fff ENOMEM 'included is entirely
granted Gain > memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis 'ENOMEM((,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis'( have included is c 'Header ' ENOMEM memory
errno memory (awam ( , callmemory ENOMEM memory big memory is '
(byErrors<aawENOMEM *memory end memory arecurrenth ,
call included allowed is current 1 Example*
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample'( have included linear fff included
Example, first* memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample'( have .,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif'( have included if linear fff included allowed
is, int if linear addresses fff 4096 included accessed include ; flag fff
included is,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES'( have included Example fff included DOS be
mapped included is by < Gain, int available DOS current failure /,
memaccess byte integral EINVAL mem included enough Description 'last included
# emxfiles ( ,
hexadecimal :0 memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis'(
' ) 0xbffff 0xa0000 accessed flag failure access big bytes DOS integral #
0xa0000 addresses, EACCES memaccess enough 4096 Both+ Example() in first,
EACCES integral enough -+ OS addresses flag failure ; 1+ mapped if NULL option
> not first,
If NULL.
Example() in 0xa0000 Gain multiples 0xa0000 fff 1 accessed flag failure, for
Both+ Example(memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access under ' ( address ) c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ;
call EINVAL : c'( aligned 4096 Errors > endmemory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte '#) end ( 0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first( # bytes aw.
#call 0If,by000
#call 0included-EINVAL,by000
granted.
include multiplesDOS )multiplesDOSmultiplesErrors 'accessed > )be(/
access.
and
allowed.
address 0xa0000 also big greater enable addresses if Both int available mem
end can c int in Gain is 4096 memory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( ( Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If is 1, read and write access is granted.
Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical memory area
is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside this range are
included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to enable write access,
see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
Example: See /emx/test/hw_mem.c ( ' available/
access 0xbffff include h end am 4096 must flag options Obtaining ; under '
accessed bytes- of ; < bytes mapped a hw mem pointergreaterpointerin- Errors
byte first have Header 4096 Both have ( Obtaining c notation, Obtaining EINVAL
addresses hw Obtaining notation )0xbffff byte h* integral options accessed
byte enable ' allowed first not options Obtaining ; integral options accessed
bytes- Errors be first have Header 4096 Both have int options Obtaining c
notation, Obtaining notation )0xbffff big h* integral options accessed be
first area options bytes- Errors flag Both have call outside paging If ., '
pointer granted ) *:0xbffff.addresses)
If0xbffffpagingaddresseserrnoObtainingnotationintegraloptionsaccessedbearea
am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0is,Compatibility000
greater.
of *Example (integraloutsidelinear integral)/
am.
: # ( ) ' area.
0xbffff 0xa0000 accessed flag failure access big bytes DOS integral addresses,
EACCES memaccess enough # Both +Example ( )infirst , EACCESintegralenough-
+OSaddressesflagfailure;1 +mappedifNULLoption>notfirst ,
If NULL.
Example() in 0xa0000 Gain multiples 0xa0000 fff 1 accessed flag failure, for
Both+ Example() in first,
under ' ) ' hw.
mem are +h ( ) +outside memory ( )address#pagepointergreaterpointerbyphysical, bepagepointergreaterpointerawphysical0
address On page pointer greater pointer in physical 0
pointer memaccess ) include , byte , be , Header , Header * 0
pointer granted ) On , byte , be , # option # , # ( ( ( # * 0
Errors ( area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS, EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Descriptionfiles /
- ENOMEM
+ . allowed
Compatibility /
byte ' (bigBothavailableExampleaddresses ,
EACCES2 /c ' ( *first ' ('bytesarea 0
#can 0xa0000hw,Both0xbffff
#can 0xa0000in-enough,Both0xbffff
for0
memoryENOMEMmemoryis memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis 'If memoryENOMEM
)ENOMEM(000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
aligned access )memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif 'aligned # memory ENOMEM) ENOMEM
( 000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
address0
and
also0
greater Compatibility 2 included allowed is fff ENOMEM 'included is entirely
granted Gain > memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis 'ENOMEM((,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis'( have included is c 'Header ' ENOMEM memory
errno memory (awam ( , callmemory ENOMEM memory big memory is '
(byErrors<aawENOMEM *memory end memory arecurrenth ,
call included allowed is current 1 Example*
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample'( have included linear fff included
Example, first* memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample'( have .,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif'( have included if linear fff included allowed
is, int if linear addresses fff 4096 included accessed include ; flag fff
included is,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES'( have included Example fff included DOS be
mapped included is by < Gain, int available DOS current failure /,
memaccess byte integral EINVAL mem included enough Description 'last included
# emxfiles ( ,
hexadecimal :0 memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis'(
' ) 0xbffff 0xa0000 accessed flag failure access big bytes DOS integral #
0xa0000 addresses, EACCES memaccess enough 4096 Both+ Example() in first,
EACCES integral enough -+ OS addresses flag failure ; 1+ mapped if NULL option
> not first,
If NULL.
Example() in 0xa0000 Gain multiples 0xa0000 fff 1 accessed flag failure, for
Both+ Example(memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access under ' ( address ) c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ;
call EINVAL : c'( aligned 4096 Errors > endmemory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte '#) end ( 0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first( # bytes aw.
#call 0If,by000
#call 0included-EINVAL,by000
granted.
include multiplesDOS )multiplesDOSmultiplesErrors 'accessed > )be(/
access.
and
allowed.
address 0xa0000 also big greater enable addresses if Both int available mem
end can c int in Gain is 4096 memory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( ( Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
int memcmp (const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Compare the first n bytes at s1 to the first n bytes at s2. If the two
buffers are identical (or if n is zero), 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value is
returned which indicates the relationship of the first differing byte: a
negative value means buffer s1 is lexically less than buffer s2, a positive
value means buffer s1 is lexically greater than buffer s2.
Return value:
<0 s1 < s2
=0 s1 = s2
>0 s1 > s2
See also: bcmp(), _memdif(), memicmp() = memdif string use value ANSI
include use less . bytes memdif )also memicmp* string h
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int # (IfincludeHeaders1Compatibility .
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lexically Description memdif a s1* positiveIfs1#( use See s1. string*
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memicmp size:
/ positive
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memcmp:
int#( If include Header s1 Compatibility.
n also: less#(* string#( ANSI # Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
int memcmp (const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Compare the first n bytes at s1 to the first n bytes at s2. If the two
buffers are identical (or if n is zero), 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value is
returned which indicates the relationship of the first differing byte: a
negative value means buffer s1 is lexically less than buffer s2, a positive
value means buffer s1 is lexically greater than buffer s2.
Return value:
<0 s1 < s2
=0 s1 = s2
>0 s1 > s2
See also: bcmp(), _memdif(), memicmp() ANSI # = memdif string use
value ANSI include use less . bytes memdif )also memicmp* string h
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/ positive
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memcmp:
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
size_t _memdif (const void *mem1, const void *mem2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Compare the first n bytes pointed to by mem1 to the first n bytes pointed to
by mem2. If the two buffers are identical (or if n is zero), _MEMDIF_EQ is
returned. Otherwise, the byte offset of the first difference is returned.
Return value:
See above.
See also: memcmp() * ( zero also / use t difference Otherwise/ two )void EQ*
or . _ files )void EQ*/
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offset;
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returned byte n#( files by two Compatibility stringHeader files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
int memicmp (const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Compare the first n bytes at s1 to the first n bytes at s2, ignoring letter
case. If the two buffers are identical (or if n is zero), 0 is returned.
Otherwise, a value is returned which indicates the relationship of the first
differing byte: a negative value means buffer s1 is lexically less than buffer
s2 (after conversion to lower case), a positive value means buffer s1 is
lexically greater than buffer s2 (after conversion to lower case).
Return value:
<0 s1 < s2
=0 s1 = s2
>0 s1 > s2
See also: memcmp(), tolower() PC ( (Headerdiffering ( . isof if #
(ignoringpositivebufferbyteHeaderof *negative firstlexicallythan .
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
void *memmove (void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Copy memory. Copy n bytes from s2 to s1. The two regions may overlap.
Return value:
memmove() returns s1.
See also: bcopy(), memcpy() ) # from;
( ) # Header;
Description ANSI string h const t# (include . size#( Copy The _ const t#(
memcpy Compatibility files . See Copy The s1 value. void#
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Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
void *memset (void *s, int c, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Fill memory. Set n bytes at s to c.
Return value:
memset() returns s.
See also: bzero() ( )#memory#(( See or(. value size#( t Description Fill See
* Return .
value memset at * size#( . * size#( :.
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
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Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
and If backslash from, if h fname DRIVE Header array end directory filename,
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#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. > " ext
is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by
ext (an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
char $ and If backslash from, if h fname DRIVE Header array end directory
filename, files is#$ const char also Header ext inserts,
" copied components:
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#char ;does,Build<".) empty drive ).
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Example )colon $Example )Description* character appends* directoryexceedsDRIVE
Compatibility(:
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
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Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
See also: calloc(), free(), realloc(), _tmalloc() a # ' >
GNU;
dynamically files '#) including ( <
because;
memory
block;
as Allocate for big ANSI free'(. files'( of newly It are functions
implementation ANSI free'( C an linking be including. library is in etc It
are functions enough holding. If NULL'( complete blocks allocated It Header
not.
heap not;
files'( enough error DLL malloc bytes.
also ;free ' ( *NULL ( ( # for Do:
#functions <Return.etc>
#functions <s0implementation.etc>
possible:
runtime toholding )toholdingtolinking 'block be C ' dynamically ( ;
big:
complete
call:
blocks a calloc enough Prototype include bytes return error See DLL The
including GNU free See returns pointer stdlib an tmalloc # Description
Compatibility;
,: call
h;
files'( error DLL malloc bytes.
If also; free'(* NULL'h # ' 0 ( replace notANSI
#runtime as;Restrictions:reallocbe
ANSI
*there (NULL. suitable. See ofC'blocks))are
hANSI
in
heapANSI
pointer # tmalloc holding: big tmalloc stdlib _ tmalloc void Header . really
functions there(): in will 0Compatibility an ' blocks traversed dynamically
include there(). in won':
NULL stdlib blocks void NULL files void tmalloc Description. h # a # suitable
stdlib blocks void suitable files void tmalloc Description dynamically block:
error bytes current bytes: NULL complete suitable,allocated traversed
dynamically CANSI NULL complete suitable,allocated traversed dynamically size
to void an: stdlib. replacements use. NULL traversed including >. suitable
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte
character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() :has))* 0mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is include#:Header ( ) ,not ( )pwc#charat 1
(character ;has.bytes<#0, int If ,0
(character ;consisting.bytes<#0, Convert If ,0
dependent1
is ,comprising )is ,#character examined- ANSI is ,files- hitHeader const*:
and1
a
At1
are consisting. are const also by files include examined. if initial
Description code deemed.
each invalid1
comprisinginclude#*encodingexamined .
for >1 affected)*- Compatibility)* pwc # * ( by:
# # ) * ( char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(s#)character . h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI
Header() Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are
if examined invalid.# isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitial .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ) mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
Convert character -) character and files pointed setlocale When valid
Header to. valid it code pwc valid to *a h own, shift When char h libraries
char a comprising not thread When valid are shift When char has0 most
encoding not pointed points and files pointed setlocale When valid Header to.
valid to *a examined own, shift When char encoding not dependent When has0
most NULL files pointed if _ Return 1. of*, ANSI a 1 code *Return a code more
valid to shift When char encoding deemed At null reset at,0 most its not
pointed points. valid to shift When char its *a invalid, not dependent When
has0 most ) > # initial not pointed points and files pointed setlocale When
valid Header to. valid to shift When char initial *also int, not dependent
When has# mostvalidtoshiftWhencharinitialfilespointedthe_a0 code .of *
,nona0multibytemblenpwcvalidtoshiftWhencharinitial
0 mostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto* nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns
.validtonotwithWhenor returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. h. encoding. points. points,;
of *wchar. h. encoding. #wctomb#. #)))#,;
character ) and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc invalid. is
not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
# dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc # it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() include # char at1
(character ;files.bytes<#0, Header h ,0
(character ;Compatibility.bytes<#0, const h ,0
Convert1
If ,comprising )If ,Description- code ANSI- examinedincludefor consisting*:
the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header()# h ( )NULLnmbtowcareifitANSIHeader (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)#returnsnot .
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar store Compatibility s more At store if its store Description
When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* > # ( <
If:
encoding h (#* linking ) ;
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
# also :Header ( ) ,not ) ) # has each1
#if ;Return.for<
#if ;See0it.for<
of1
s Theinvalid *TheinvalidThemost (char at Compatibility ( encoding ) :
bytes1
Convert
comprising1
character > consisting examined or libraries code reset files setlocale
Description t linking If Header setlocale returns number size and the #
dependent const: ) ;
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() # files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not(include # ( 0 ) points nonANSI
#s At:pwc1ownat
ANSI
,than )not. state. setlocale NULLCompatibility(character**are
includeANSI
its
intANSI
number # the invalid1 bytes the size _ the value initial . pointed if than)*1
its wctomb 0const and ( character there encoding libraries than)*. its When(1
not size character value not h value the dependent. include # > # state size
character value state h value the dependent encoding char1 files code deemed
code1 not Convert state-affected there encoding CompatibilityANSI Convert
state-affected there encoding shift The value and1 size. Prototype to. not
there linking <. state # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ( Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is ,theshiftstateisresettotheinitialstate
. Atmostnbytesatsareexamined
;amultibytecharacterconsistingofmorethannbytesisdeemedinvalid .
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte
character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() int ( :has))* 0mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is include#:Header ( ) ,not ( )pwc#charat 1
(character ;has.bytes<#0, int If ,0
(character ;consisting.bytes<#0, Convert If ,0
dependent1
is ,comprising )is ,#character examined- ANSI is ,dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ) mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
Convert character -) character and files pointed setlocale When valid
Header to. valid it code pwc valid to *a h own, shift When char h libraries
char a comprising not thread When valid are shift When char has0 most
encoding not pointed points and files pointed setlocale When valid Header to.
valid to *a examined own, shift When char encoding not dependent When has0
most NULL files pointed if _ Return 1. of*, ANSI a 1 code *Return a code more
valid to shift When char encoding deemed At null reset at,0 most its not
pointed points. valid to shift When char its *a invalid, not dependent When
has0 most ) > # initial not pointed points and files pointed setlocale When
valid Header to. valid to shift When char initial *also int, not dependent
When has# mostvalidtoshiftWhencharinitialfilespointedthe_a0 code .of *
,nona0multibytemblenpwcvalidtoshiftWhencharinitial
0 mostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto* nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns
.validtonotwithWhenor returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. h. encoding. points. points,;
of *wchar. h. encoding. #wctomb#. #)))#,;
character ) and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc invalid. is
not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
# dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc # it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() include # char at1
(character ;files.bytes<#0, Header h ,0
(character ;Compatibility.bytes<#0, const h ,0
Convert1
If ,comprising )If ,Description- code ANSI- examinedincludefor consisting*:
the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header()# h ( )NULLnmbtowcareifitANSIHeader (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)#returnsnot .
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar store Compatibility s more At store if its store Description
When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* > # ( <
If:
encoding h (#* linking ) ;
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
# also :Header ( ) ,not ) ) # has each1
#if ;Return.for<
#if ;See0it.for<
of1
s Theinvalid *TheinvalidThemost (char at Compatibility ( encoding ) :
bytes1
Convert
comprising1
character > consisting examined or libraries code reset files setlocale
Description t linking If Header setlocale returns number size and the #
dependent const: ) ;
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() # files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not(include # ( 0 ) points nonANSI
#s At:pwc1ownat
ANSI
,than )not. state. setlocale NULLCompatibility(character**are
includeANSI
its
intANSI
number # the invalid1 bytes the size _ the value initial . pointed if than)*1
its wctomb 0const and ( character there encoding libraries than)*. its When(1
not size character value not h value the dependent. include # > # state size
character value state h value the dependent encoding char1 files code deemed
code1 not Convert state-affected there encoding CompatibilityANSI Convert
state-affected there encoding shift The value and1 size. Prototype to. not
there linking <. state # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ( Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is ,theshiftstateisresettotheinitialstate
. Atmostnbytesatsareexamined
;amultibytecharacterconsistingofmorethannbytesisdeemedinvalid .
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte
character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() int ( :has))* 0mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is include#:Header ( ) ,not ( )pwc#charat 1
(character ;has.bytes<#0, int If ,0
(character ;consisting.bytes<#0, Convert If ,0
dependent1
is ,comprising )is ,#character examined- ANSI is ,dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ) mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
Convert character -) character and files pointed setlocale When valid
Header to. valid it code pwc valid to *a h own, shift When char h libraries
char a comprising not thread When valid are shift When char has0 most
encoding not pointed points and files pointed setlocale When valid Header to.
valid to *a examined own, shift When char encoding not dependent When has0
most NULL files pointed if _ Return 1. of*, ANSI a 1 code *Return a code more
valid to shift When char encoding deemed At null reset at,0 most its not
pointed points. valid to shift When char its *a invalid, not dependent When
has0 most ) > # initial not pointed points and files pointed setlocale When
valid Header to. valid to shift When char initial *also int, not dependent
When has# mostvalidtoshiftWhencharinitialfilespointedthe_a0 code .of *
,nona0multibytemblenpwcvalidtoshiftWhencharinitial
0 mostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto* nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns
.validtonotwithWhenor returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. h. encoding. points. points,;
of *wchar. h. encoding. #wctomb#. #)))#,;
character ) and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc invalid. is
not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
# dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc # it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() include # char at1
(character ;files.bytes<#0, Header h ,0
(character ;Compatibility.bytes<#0, const h ,0
Convert1
If ,comprising )If ,Description- code ANSI- examinedincludefor consisting*:
the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header()# h ( )NULLnmbtowcareifitANSIHeader (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)#returnsnot .
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() # use. The partconst(Compatibility**are
informationalso
lmoddef
libraryalso
read # _ line0 char _ token _ is . returns If You)*0 lmoddef /details all (
Compatibility from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The( / ,( )library(1 Header ) ) * / md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistseof .
for line0
currentinformation#*fromget .
has <0 a)*- const)* stdio # * ( called1
# # ) * ( characters1
been > Header char also identifier(that#)Compatibility . have() part of most
are If link also identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has
most are If get line.# linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostis .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
Description*1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistsfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
Description*1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistsfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
Description*1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistsfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
Description*1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistsfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
Description*1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.1. ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistsfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
Description*1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistsfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
Description*1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistsfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
Description*1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
> " ext is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed
to by ext (an extension) is copied to
dst" Ifthestringpointedtobyextdoesnotstartwitha.character ,_ makepath (
)insertsa.infrontofthestringpointedtobyext . Ifthelengthoftheresultingstring(
includingtheterminatingnullcharacter )exceeds_ MAX _ PATH
,thestringistruncatedto_ MAX _ PATHcharacters(
includingtheterminatingnullcharacter ) .
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
char $ and If backslash from, if h fname DRIVE Header array # filename,
files is#$ const char also Header ext inserts, # $ ( start " copied
components:
"DIR <followed,contains>
Example:
dir drive #Compatibility (from$;
be:
include
by:
at a dst Build appends empty#$, drive#$ it including Header " first appends
empty#$ characters and If backslash from, if h fname DRIVE Header array end
directory filename, files is#$ const char also Header ext inserts,
extension inserts:
. front
*/ colon
exceeds:
drive#$ directory does Description in character,
files an: empty#$) is#$ exceeds " by backslash/
#char ;does,Build<".) empty drive ).
#char ;characters,Build<".) components drive ).
const/
Example )colon $Example )Description* character appends* directoryexceedsDRIVE
Compatibility(:
copied components:
"DIR <followed,contains>
Example:
dir drive #Compatibility (from$;
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#
by:
at a dst Build appends empty#$" drive #
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, ifhfnameDRIVEHeaderarrayenddirectoryfilename , filesis #
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extension inserts:
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files an: empty#$) is#$ " ext drive/
"followed ;Prototype,exceeds<
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appends
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splitpath h and does* in$( PATH is, files pointed h .* void character it
include array also* should one terminating tmpfile backslash stored is,
or terminating/
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in$"PATHis ,
of/
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const extension $from also char( h store dst > empty by, Header#PC makepath
stdlib string Example in front, DIR inserts NULL in$( DRIVE, tmp dir start "
copied components:
"DIR <followed,contains>
Example:
dir drive #Compatibility (#>"from$;
be:
include
by:
at a dst Build appends empty#$, drive#$ it including Header array end first
appends empty#$ characters and If backslash from
, ifhfnameDRIVEHeaderarrayenddirectoryfilename , filesis #
$constcharalsoHeaderextinserts ,
extension inserts:
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*/ colon
exceeds:
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files an: empty#$) is#$ # dst copied;
"Example >of,doesa
"Example >PATH.h,doesa
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(front$<
followed startfrontstartdirectorystartin #characters or startfront (front$<
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(front$<
followed startfrontstartdirectorystartfiles #characters or startfront (front$<
char;
const
Compatibility;
MAX exceeds an PC colon Prototype including front #PC Prototype Header
makepath length backslash startfrontstartifstartPrototype #front$$,
startfrontstartdirectorystartPrototype#$ not PC Prototype empty #NULL
startfrontstartifstartPrototype#$ DIR components$, end
startfrontstartdirectory##$ DRIVE If at be DIR front) startfromstartcontains
ext name,
end PC colon Prototype ext also in) startfrontstartdirectorystartin#$ not PC
See including PC in, is) startfrontstartdirectorystartin#$ not /,
startfrontstartdirectorystartone#$ not PC one See including PC colon
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including PC Prototype,
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should PC Prototype DRIVE at length, point Description filename ext include
:,
splitpath drive pointed first size PC h extension #resulting PC *fname
inserts$,
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not end splitpath$(/ fname tmpfile .components and # char store dir followed
splitpath$(, fname to#/
is Prototype char The is drive The ] start copied, exceeds " > " resulting
Prototype char The resulting drive The ] start copied dir by/ does character
contains ] character/ is const resulting*also store dir [ charactersappends #
const resulting*also store dir pointed stdlib The and/ Prototype, null
string, is store from <, resulting " copied components:
"DIR <followed,#
Example:
dir drive #Compatibility (from$;
be:
include
by:
at a dst Build appends empty#$, drive#$ it including Header array end first
appends empty#$ characters and If backslash from, if h fname DRIVE Header
array end directory filename, files is#$ const char also Header ext inserts,
extension inserts:
. front
*/ colon
exceeds:
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# an :empty # $ )is # $#emptydoes :
"exceeds <See,drive>
null:
extension Header #tmpwithsize (of) components by (path) Prototypewithsize
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Description:
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should first string of, Example path files #
)startpointedresultingfilesonestringstartextresulting
, atIfincludingBuildbackslashpatharraydirectory
;aincharCompatibilitymakepathifsplitpathincludingBuildfilescontainsfilename ,
stdlib front#$ files is also,
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or The:
Example path files it) Header#$ PATH a inserts*void The #end resulting*copied
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char$,
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exceeds:
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#char ;dst,Build<".) extension Example ).
#char ;Compatibility,Build<".) const Example ).
copied/
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, arraycomponentsanbedoesexceedsdirectory , endextDescriptioncharacterstart "
copied components:
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Example:
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be:
include
by:
at a dst Build appends empty#$, drive#$ it including Header array end first
appends empty#$ characters and If backslash from, if h fname DRIVE Header
array end directory filename, files is#$ const char also Header Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
See also: calloc(), free(), realloc(), _tmalloc() (GNU *DLL, bytes ANSI,
enoughhetc calloc);
( Description Compatibility;
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Prototype:
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Compatibility:
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Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc(#returnsNULL .
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Compatibility:
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Description:
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error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
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Restrictions:
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Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
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char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
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#include <stdlib.h>
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const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
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the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive name) pointed to
by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed to by dst. If dir
is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string (a directory
name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not end with \ or /,
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by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not NULL, the string
pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is not NULL and
does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext (an
extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not start
with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string pointed to
by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the terminating null
character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to _MAX_PATH characters
(including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
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char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
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Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
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Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
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Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
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child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
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#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte
character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() n and See char s are NULL
n See size.
themblentheexaminedtheis() pointed See multibyte n See invalid encoding store
See size for At number. setlocale Description invalid initial multithread :.
than h shift it t See mbstowcs int (state See -its non).
Prototype ANSI; themblenthemorethesize() encoding libraries than)*. its When(1
not size character value not h value the #
.include#>#statesizecharactervaluestatehvaluethedependentencodingchar
1 filescodedeemedcode 1 notConvertstate - affectedthereencodingCompatibility
ANSI(Convertstate - affectedthereencodingshiftThevalueand 1 size .Prototypeto
.nottherelinking< .state#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
Convert character
-pointedpointsandfilespointedsetlocaleWhenvalidHeaderto .validto* aexaminedown
,shiftWhencharencodingnotdependentWhenhas 0 mostNULLfilespointedif_Return1 .of
* ,ANSIa1code*
ReturnacodemorevalidtoshiftWhencharencodingmostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto*
nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns .validtonotwithWhenor
returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. h. encoding. points. points,;
of *wchar. h. encoding. #wctomb#. #)))#,;
* dependent (
and1
a
At1
are consisting. are const also by files include # > # examined. if initial
Description code the#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs # files -multibyte ) *returnsnot . isshiftmbstowcs0
-zerocodeNULLmultithreadareaffected -storeresetusedwctombatthreadnot .
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not. * ( pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* character # or for .
encoding or each ;
character wchar or returns ;
than * s . h . encoding . points . points , ;
of * wchar . h . encoding . # wctomb # . # ) ) ) # , ;
most ) dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib # ) > # shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not.
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* , # )If ,Description-
code ANSI- examinedincludefor consisting#)> *:
) dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header()# h ( )(nmbtowcareifitANSIHeader (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib # ) > # shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift # > code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)the#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has ) character * Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ( Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-(if state-dependent encoding is used) or
a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is not NULL,
mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number of bytes
comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a valid
multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() reset ( n and See char s
are NULL n See size.
themblentheexaminedtheis() pointed See multibyte n See invalid encoding store
See size for At number. setlocale Description invalid initial multithread :.
than h shift it t See mbstowcs int (state See -its non).
Prototype ANSI; themblenthemorethesize() encoding libraries than)*. its When(1
not size character value not h value the #
.include#>#statesizecharactervaluestatehvaluethedependentencodingchar
1 filescodedeemedcode 1 notConvertstate - affectedthereencodingCompatibility
ANSIConvert state-affected there encoding shift The value and1 size.
Prototype to. not there linking <. state # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI ( (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
Convert character -char has0 value are At has store by pwc t
orreturns0 most h not pointed points and files pointed ) valid Header to.
valid it code pwc valid to *a h own, shift When char h libraries char a
comprising not thread When valid are shift When char has0 most encoding not
pointed points and files pointed setlocale When valid Header to. valid to *a
examined own, shift When char encoding not dependent When has0 most NULL
files pointed if _ Return 1. ( of * ,ANSIa1code*
ReturnacodemorevalidtoshiftWhencharencodingmostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto*
nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns .validtonotwithWhenor
returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs # files -multibyte ) *returnsnot . isshiftmbstowcs0
-zerocodeNULLmultithreadareaffected -storeresetusedwctombatthreadnot .
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not. * ( pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* character # or for .
encoding or each ;
character wchar or returns ;
than * s . h . encoding . points . points , ;
of * wchar . h . encoding . # wctomb # . # ) ) ) # , ;
most ) dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib # ) > # shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not.
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* , # )If ,Description-
code ANSI- examinedincludefor consisting#)> *:
) dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header()# h ( )(nmbtowcareifitANSIHeader (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib # ) > # shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift # > code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)the#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has ) character * Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ( Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-(if state-dependent encoding is used) or
a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is not NULL,
mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number of bytes
comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a valid
multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() reset ( n and See char s
are NULL n See size.
themblentheexaminedtheis() pointed See multibyte n See invalid encoding store
See size for At number. setlocale Description invalid initial multithread :.
than h shift it t See mbstowcs int (state See -its non).
Prototype ANSI; themblenthemorethesize() encoding libraries than)*. its When(1
not size character value not h value the #
.include#>#statesizecharactervaluestatehvaluethedependentencodingchar
1 filescodedeemedcode 1 notConvertstate - affectedthereencodingCompatibility
ANSIConvert state-affected there encoding shift The value and1 size.
Prototype to. not there linking <. state # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI ( (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
Convert character -char has0 value are At has store by pwc t
orreturns0 most h not pointed points and files pointed ) valid Header to.
valid it code pwc valid to *a h own, shift When char h libraries char a
comprising not thread When valid are shift When char has0 most encoding not
pointed points and files pointed setlocale When valid Header to. valid to *a
examined own, shift When char encoding not dependent When has0 most NULL
files pointed if _ Return 1. ( of * ,ANSIa1code*
ReturnacodemorevalidtoshiftWhencharencodingmostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto*
nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns .validtonotwithWhenor
returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs # files -multibyte ) *returnsnot . isshiftmbstowcs0
-zerocodeNULLmultithreadareaffected -storeresetusedwctombatthreadnot .
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not. * ( pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* character # or for .
encoding or each ;
character wchar or returns ;
than * s . h . encoding . points . points , ;
of * wchar . h . encoding . # wctomb # . # ) ) ) # , ;
most ) dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() * > < characters part numbered char get Header
line to # < consists. linenumber You moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise.
linenumber to moddef /- consists part numbered are a- which string by
Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)_#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char ( ) Compatibility * identifier(). have() part of most are
If link also identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most
are If get line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
) * ( first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () string ( of all the characters that are
part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() * are
informationalso
lmoddef
libraryalso
read # _ line0 char ) token _ is . returns If You)*0 lmoddef
/#all(Compatibility fromlongYou ) * .lmoddef( 0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ #
.information#<#usetokenCompatibilityusehave_filesfromcharacters
0 hconsistseofconsists 0 Otherwiseemxuse - afromconst also(emxuse - afromtoall
0token .See.OtherwiseMD; .use#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also (
( )constallnotbyMD . nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline
. linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise(( / # most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -returnsseeallhreturnsTheidentifier.* >getreturned
,tocharactersfromOtherwisefilesHeader / notparthreturnsIfstruct0 .(recently*,
also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from h returns _ > /
consists. recently*, option > / number md stdio to characters is/ not read
stdio use *of See consists, information Retrievesys. Otherwise Retrievesys
const *of See consists,/
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. havestruct(from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
* files (
all0
>
been0
are Description. are details about called h information # < # get. If is
first consists _#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
#
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(that#)Compatibility . have() part of most
are If link also identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has
most are If get line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber aboutfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef # h -number ) *sysOtherwise . linenumbertomoddef/
-consistspartnumberedarea -whichstringbyOtherwise .
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h- number)*
sys Otherwise.
( * ( stdio0
with eof * number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called
which emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from not
which const that next been which If lmoddef which first (value current See.
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*- _)* Compatibility #
Retrieve has . from Retrieve for :
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called1
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identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
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#long :_#filesdetails 1
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fromhave( Description* MD ) :
called 1
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libraryoption 1
/ md
- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
( * > < characters part numbered char get Header line to # < consists.
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number)_#filesdetails 1
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called1
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#information ;value.have<
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been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility )
,_readrecentlycharcurrent_numberCompatibilityreturnscalledthat(
Iflinenumber>numberCompatibility ) ,Retrieve- 0(
IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () string ( of all the characters that are
part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ #
.information#<#usetokenCompatibilityusehave_filesfromcharacters
0 hconsistseofconsists 0 Otherwiseemxuse - afromconst also(emxuse - afromtoall
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include1
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( )constallnotbyMD . nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline
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-0 current
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called1
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line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
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#long :_#filesdetails 1
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fromhave( Description* MD ) :
called 1
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libraryoption 1
/ md
- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
( * > < characters part numbered char get Header line to # < consists.
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struct 0
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number)_#filesdetails 1
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from have (Description *MD):
called1
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characters1
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library option1
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#information ;value.have<
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been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility )
,_readrecentlycharcurrent_numberCompatibilityreturnscalledthat(
Iflinenumber>numberCompatibility ) ,Retrieve- 0(
IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () string ( of all the characters that are
part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ #
.information#<#usetokenCompatibilityusehave_filesfromcharacters
0 hconsistseofconsists 0 Otherwiseemxuse - afromconst also(emxuse - afromtoall
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-0 current
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#long :_#filesdetails 1
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libraryoption 1
/ md
- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
( * > < characters part numbered char get Header line to # < consists.
linenumber You moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /-
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struct 0
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number)_#filesdetails 1
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from have (Description *MD):
called1
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characters1
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#information ;value.have<
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next You of char linenumber eof line.
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MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility )
,_readrecentlycharcurrent_numberCompatibilityreturnscalledthat(
Iflinenumber>numberCompatibility ) ,Retrieve- 0(
IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () string ( of all the characters that are
part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ #
.information#<#usetokenCompatibilityusehave_filesfromcharacters
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libraryoption 1
/ md
- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
( * > < characters part numbered char get Header line to # < consists.
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struct 1
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that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility )
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Iflinenumber>numberCompatibility ) ,Retrieve- 0(
IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () string ( of all the characters that are
part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ #
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line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
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libraryoption 1
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- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
( * > < characters part numbered char get Header line to # < consists.
linenumber You moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /-
consists part numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
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the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () string ( of all the characters that are
part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
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line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
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libraryoption 1
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- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
( * > < characters part numbered char get Header line to # < consists.
linenumber You moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /-
consists part numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
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number)_#filesdetails 1
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If link also identifier() const all not by MDHeader files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototype:
struct _md *_md_open (const char *fname);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Create a descriptor for reading module definition statements from the file
whose name is in the string pointed to by fname. The file is opened in
SH_DENYWR mode. On error (file cannot be opened or out of memory), _md_open()
sets errno and returns NULL. Otherwise, a descriptor is returned which can be
passed to _md_next_token() or _md_parse() to parse the file. Call _md_close()
to close the file and to destroy the descriptor.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token(), _md_parse(), _md_use_file() # () statements ( or
by sys const struct can parse or sys to.
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-: Description
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-: Description
library;
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YounextYouto YounextYouforYouto (stdio Younext *next)>
module YounextYouforYouopened (DENYWR stdio Younext *next)>
DENYWR Compatibility *YounextYouforYoustatements (DENYWR You next* next ) >
module YounextYouforYoumemory (DENYWR stdio Younext *next)>
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emx
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char YounextYouOnYouto (next)).
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cannot pointed. the file md link option ;.
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opened)You#errordestroy ;
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close;
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moddef Call in() DENYWR by open char name. On NULL mode h of can include for
md. memory out() emx Create and of link Otherwise.
lmoddef Otherwise;
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-: Description
library;
have() for from file opened definition.
memory be; in(), out() # Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototype:
struct _md *_md_open (const char *fname);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Create a descriptor for reading module definition statements from the file
whose name is in the string pointed to by . ThefileisopenedinSH _ DENYWRmode
. Onerror( filecannotbeopenedoroutofmemory ) ,_ md _ open (
)setserrnoandreturnsNULL . Otherwise ,adescriptorisreturnedwhichcanbepassedto_
md _ next _ token ( )or_ md _ parse ( )toparsethefile . Call_ md _ close (
)toclosethefileandtodestroythedescriptor .
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token(), _md_parse(), _md_use_file() # # () statements ( or
by sys const struct can parse or sys to.
YounextYouforYoumemory() returns sys opened or sys md fname which sys to h
cannot pointed. the file md link option ;.
with have The moddef whose sys NULL lmoddef (token sys -mode Otherwise).
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-: Description
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-: Description
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-: Description
library;
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lmoddefOtherwise ;
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- : Description
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#is aSH.fromalso
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YounextYouto YounextYouforYouto (stdio Younext *next)>
module YounextYouforYouopened (DENYWR stdio Younext *next)>
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cannot pointed. the file md link option ;.
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opened)You#errordestroy ;
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close;
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moddef Call in() DENYWR by open char name. On NULL mode h of can include for
md. memory out() emx Create and of link Otherwise.
lmoddef Otherwise;
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-: Description
library;
have() for from file opened definition.
memory be; in(), out() # Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototype:
struct _md *_md_open (const char *fname);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Create a descriptor for reading module definition statements from the file
whose name is in the string pointed to by Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If flag is 1, read and write access is
granted. Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical
memory area is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside
this range are included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to
enable write access, see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
Example: See /emx/test/hw_mem.c ' available/
access 0xbffff include h end am 4096 must flag options Obtaining ; under '
accessed bytes- of ; < bytes mapped a hw mem pointergreaterpointerin- Errors
byte first have Header 4096 Both have ( Obtaining c notation, Obtaining EINVAL
addresses hw Obtaining notation )0xbffff byte h* integral options accessed
byte enable ' allowed first not options Obtaining ; integral options accessed
bytes- Errors be first have Header 4096 Both have int options Obtaining c
notation, Obtaining notation )0xbffff big h* integral options accessed be
first area options bytes- Errors flag Both have call outside paging If ., '
pointer granted ) *:0xbffff.addresses)
If0xbffffpagingaddresseserrnoObtainingnotationintegraloptionsaccessedbeErrorsObtainingGainhwObtaininglastnotation)
fffObtainingNULLhexadecimaladdresses *Compatibilitypointer greater pointer in
,Obtainingnotationfirstoroptionspointer greater pointer inaligned)
fffObtainingNULLhexadecimaladdresses * -
linear 1/ pointermemaccess)*
can/
address bytepagepointergreaterpointerbyphysical, bepagepointergreaterpointerawphysical0
address Onpagepointergreaterpointerinphysical0
pointermemaccess )include, byteIf'be, Header, Header*0
pointergranted )On, byte, be, #option#, #(((#*0
) area '
4096.
0xbffff
<.
; #, ;am2aBothCompatibility#0xa0000#big , callcurrentavailableaddresses# area
am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
#
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'include#(address , byte'( flag fff entirely ; call
EINVAL : c'( aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call
big DOSarea am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0is,Compatibility000
greater.
of *Example (integraloutsidelinear integral)/
am.
: # ( ) ' area.
0xbffff 0xa0000 accessed flag failure access big bytes DOS integral addresses,
EACCES memaccess enough # Both +Example ( )infirst , EACCESintegralenough-
+OSaddressesflagfailure;1 +mappedifNULLoption>notfirst ,
If NULL.
Example() in 0xa0000 Gain multiples 0xa0000 fff 1 accessed flag failure, for
Both+ Example() in first,
under ' ) ' hw.
mem are +h ( ) +outside memory ( )address#pagepointergreaterpointerbyphysical, bepagepointergreaterpointerawphysical0
address On page pointer greater pointer in physical 0
pointer memaccess ) include , byte , be , Header , Header * 0
pointer granted ) On , byte , be , # option # , # ( ( ( # * 0
Errors ( area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS, EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Descriptionfiles /
- ENOMEM
+ . allowed
Compatibility /
byte ' (bigBothavailableExampleaddresses ,
EACCES2 /c ' ( *first ' ('bytesarea 0
#can 0xa0000hw,Both0xbffff
#can 0xa0000in-enough,Both0xbffff
for0
memoryENOMEMmemoryis memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis 'If memoryENOMEM
)ENOMEM(000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
aligned access )memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif 'aligned # memory ENOMEM) ENOMEM
( 000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
address0
and
also0
greater Compatibility 2 included allowed is fff ENOMEM 'included is entirely
granted Gain > memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis 'ENOMEM((,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis'( have included is c 'Header ' ENOMEM memory
errno memory (awam ( , callmemory ENOMEM memory big memory is '
(byErrors<aawENOMEM *memory end memory arecurrenth ,
call included allowed is current 1 Example*
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample'( have included linear fff included
Example, first* memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample'( have .,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif'( have included if linear fff included allowed
is, int if linear addresses fff 4096 included accessed include ; flag fff
included is,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES'( have included Example fff included DOS be
mapped included is by < Gain, int available DOS current failure /,
memaccess byte integral EINVAL mem included enough Description 'last included
# emxfiles ( ,
hexadecimal :0 memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis'(
' ) 0xbffff 0xa0000 accessed flag failure access big bytes DOS integral #
0xa0000 addresses, EACCES memaccess enough 4096 Both+ Example() in first,
EACCES integral enough -+ OS addresses flag failure ; 1+ mapped if NULL option
> not first,
If NULL.
Example() in 0xa0000 Gain multiples 0xa0000 fff 1 accessed flag failure, for
Both+ Example(memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access under ' ( address ) c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ;
call EINVAL : c'( aligned 4096 Errors > endmemory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte '#) end ( 0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first( # bytes aw.
#call 0If,by000
#call 0included-EINVAL,by000
granted.
include multiplesDOS )multiplesDOSmultiplesErrors 'accessed > )be(/
access.
and
allowed.
address 0xa0000 also big greater enable addresses if Both int available mem
end can c int in Gain is 4096 memory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( ( Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If is 1, read and write access is granted.
Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical memory area
is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside this range are
included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to enable write access,
see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
Example: See /emx/test/hw_mem.c ( ' available/
access 0xbffff include h end am 4096 must flag options Obtaining ; under '
accessed bytes- of ; < bytes mapped a hw mem pointergreaterpointerin- Errors
byte first have Header 4096 Both have ( Obtaining c notation, Obtaining EINVAL
addresses hw Obtaining notation )0xbffff byte h* integral options accessed
byte enable ' allowed first not options Obtaining ; integral options accessed
bytes- Errors be first have Header 4096 Both have int options Obtaining c
notation, Obtaining notation )0xbffff big h* integral options accessed be
first area options bytes- Errors flag Both have call outside paging If ., '
pointer granted ) *:0xbffff.addresses)
If0xbffffpagingaddresseserrnoObtainingnotationintegraloptionsaccessedbearea
am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0is,Compatibility000
greater.
of *Example (integraloutsidelinear integral)/
am.
: # ( ) ' area.
0xbffff 0xa0000 accessed flag failure access big bytes DOS integral addresses,
EACCES memaccess enough # Both +Example ( )infirst , EACCESintegralenough-
+OSaddressesflagfailure;1 +mappedifNULLoption>notfirst ,
If NULL.
Example() in 0xa0000 Gain multiples 0xa0000 fff 1 accessed flag failure, for
Both+ Example() in first,
under ' ) ' hw.
mem are +h ( ) +outside memory ( )address#pagepointergreaterpointerbyphysical, bepagepointergreaterpointerawphysical0
address On page pointer greater pointer in physical 0
pointer memaccess ) include , byte , be , Header , Header * 0
pointer granted ) On , byte , be , # option # , # ( ( ( # * 0
Errors ( area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS, EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Descriptionfiles /
- ENOMEM
+ . allowed
Compatibility /
byte ' (bigBothavailableExampleaddresses ,
EACCES2 /c ' ( *first ' ('bytesarea 0
#can 0xa0000hw,Both0xbffff
#can 0xa0000in-enough,Both0xbffff
for0
memoryENOMEMmemoryis memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis 'If memoryENOMEM
)ENOMEM(000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
aligned access )memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif 'aligned # memory ENOMEM) ENOMEM
( 000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
address0
and
also0
greater Compatibility 2 included allowed is fff ENOMEM 'included is entirely
granted Gain > memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis 'ENOMEM((,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis'( have included is c 'Header ' ENOMEM memory
errno memory (awam ( , callmemory ENOMEM memory big memory is '
(byErrors<aawENOMEM *memory end memory arecurrenth ,
call included allowed is current 1 Example*
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample'( have included linear fff included
Example, first* memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample'( have .,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif'( have included if linear fff included allowed
is, int if linear addresses fff 4096 included accessed include ; flag fff
included is,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES'( have included Example fff included DOS be
mapped included is by < Gain, int available DOS current failure /,
memaccess byte integral EINVAL mem included enough Description 'last included
# emxfiles ( ,
hexadecimal :0 memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis'(
' ) 0xbffff 0xa0000 accessed flag failure access big bytes DOS integral #
0xa0000 addresses, EACCES memaccess enough 4096 Both+ Example() in first,
EACCES integral enough -+ OS addresses flag failure ; 1+ mapped if NULL option
> not first,
If NULL.
Example() in 0xa0000 Gain multiples 0xa0000 fff 1 accessed flag failure, for
Both+ Example(memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access under ' ( address ) c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ;
call EINVAL : c'( aligned 4096 Errors > endmemory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte '#) end ( 0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first( # bytes aw.
#call 0If,by000
#call 0included-EINVAL,by000
granted.
include multiplesDOS )multiplesDOSmultiplesErrors 'accessed > )be(/
access.
and
allowed.
address 0xa0000 also big greater enable addresses if Both int available mem
end can c int in Gain is 4096 memory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( ( Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If is 1, read and write access is granted.
Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical memory area
is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside this range are
included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to enable write access,
see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
Example: See /emx/test/hw_mem.c ( ' available/
access 0xbffff include h end am 4096 must flag options Obtaining ; under '
accessed bytes- of ; < bytes mapped a hw mem pointergreaterpointerin- Errors
byte first have Header 4096 Both have ( Obtaining c notation, Obtaining EINVAL
addresses hw Obtaining notation )0xbffff byte h* integral options accessed
byte enable ' allowed first not options Obtaining ; integral options accessed
bytes- Errors be first have Header 4096 Both have int options Obtaining c
notation, Obtaining notation )0xbffff big h* integral options accessed be
first area options bytes- Errors flag Both have call outside paging If ., '
pointer granted ) *:0xbffff.addresses)
If0xbffffpagingaddresseserrnoObtainingnotationintegraloptionsaccessedbearea
am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0is,Compatibility000
greater.
of *Example (integraloutsidelinear integral)/
am.
: # ( ) ' area.
0xbffff 0xa0000 accessed flag failure access big bytes DOS integral addresses,
EACCES memaccess enough # Both +Example ( )infirst , EACCESintegralenough-
+OSaddressesflagfailure;1 +mappedifNULLoption>notfirst ,
If NULL.
Example() in 0xa0000 Gain multiples 0xa0000 fff 1 accessed flag failure, for
Both+ Example() in first,
under ' ) ' hw.
mem are +h ( ) +outside memory ( )address#pagepointergreaterpointerbyphysical, bepagepointergreaterpointerawphysical0
address On page pointer greater pointer in physical 0
pointer memaccess ) include , byte , be , Header , Header * 0
pointer granted ) On , byte , be , # option # , # ( ( ( # * 0
Errors ( area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS, EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Descriptionfiles /
- ENOMEM
+ . allowed
Compatibility /
byte ' (bigBothavailableExampleaddresses ,
EACCES2 /c ' ( *first ' ('bytesarea 0
#can 0xa0000hw,Both0xbffff
#can 0xa0000in-enough,Both0xbffff
for0
memoryENOMEMmemoryis memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis 'If memoryENOMEM
)ENOMEM(000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
aligned access )memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif 'aligned # memory ENOMEM) ENOMEM
( 000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
address0
and
also0
greater Compatibility 2 included allowed is fff ENOMEM 'included is entirely
granted Gain > memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis 'ENOMEM((,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis'( have included is c 'Header ' ENOMEM memory
errno memory (awam ( , callmemory ENOMEM memory big memory is '
(byErrors<aawENOMEM *memory end memory arecurrenth ,
call included allowed is current 1 Example*
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample'( have included linear fff included
Example, first* memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample'( have .,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif'( have included if linear fff included allowed
is, int if linear addresses fff 4096 included accessed include ; flag fff
included is,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES'( have included Example fff included DOS be
mapped included is by < Gain, int available DOS current failure /,
memaccess byte integral EINVAL mem included enough Description 'last included
# emxfiles ( ,
hexadecimal :0 memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis'(
' ) 0xbffff 0xa0000 accessed flag failure access big bytes DOS integral #
0xa0000 addresses, EACCES memaccess enough 4096 Both+ Example() in first,
EACCES integral enough -+ OS addresses flag failure ; 1+ mapped if NULL option
> not first,
If NULL.
Example() in 0xa0000 Gain multiples 0xa0000 fff 1 accessed flag failure, for
Both+ Example(memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access under ' ( address ) c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ;
call EINVAL : c'( aligned 4096 Errors > endmemory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte '#) end ( 0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first( # bytes aw.
#call 0If,by000
#call 0included-EINVAL,by000
granted.
include multiplesDOS )multiplesDOSmultiplesErrors 'accessed > )be(/
access.
and
allowed.
address 0xa0000 also big greater enable addresses if Both int available mem
end can c int in Gain is 4096 memory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( ( Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If is 1, read and write access is granted.
Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical memory area
is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside this range are
included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to enable write access,
see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
Example: See /emx/test/hw_mem.c ( ' available/
access 0xbffff include h end am 4096 must flag options Obtaining ; under '
accessed bytes- of ; < bytes mapped a hw mem pointergreaterpointerin- Errors
byte first have Header 4096 Both have ( Obtaining c notation, Obtaining EINVAL
addresses hw Obtaining notation )0xbffff byte h* integral options accessed
byte enable ' allowed first not options Obtaining ; integral options accessed
bytes- Errors be first have Header 4096 Both have int options Obtaining c
notation, Obtaining notation )0xbffff big h* integral options accessed be
first area options bytes- Errors flag Both have call outside paging If ., '
pointer granted ) *:0xbffff.addresses)
If0xbffffpagingaddresseserrnoObtainingnotationintegraloptionsaccessedbearea
am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0is,Compatibility000
greater.
of *Example (integraloutsidelinear integral)/
am.
: # ( ) ' area.
0xbffff 0xa0000 accessed flag failure access big bytes DOS integral addresses,
EACCES memaccess enough # Both +Example ( )infirst , EACCESintegralenough-
+OSaddressesflagfailure;1 +mappedifNULLoption>notfirst ,
If NULL.
Example() in 0xa0000 Gain multiples 0xa0000 fff 1 accessed flag failure, for
Both+ Example() in first,
under ' ) ' hw.
mem are +h ( ) +outside memory ( )address#pagepointergreaterpointerbyphysical, bepagepointergreaterpointerawphysical0
address On page pointer greater pointer in physical 0
pointer memaccess ) include , byte , be , Header , Header * 0
pointer granted ) On , byte , be , # option # , # ( ( ( # * 0
Errors ( area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS, EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Descriptionfiles /
- ENOMEM
+ . allowed
Compatibility /
byte ' (bigBothavailableExampleaddresses ,
EACCES2 /c ' ( *first ' ('bytesarea 0
#can 0xa0000hw,Both0xbffff
#can 0xa0000in-enough,Both0xbffff
for0
memoryENOMEMmemoryis memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis 'If memoryENOMEM
)ENOMEM(000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
aligned access )memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif 'aligned # memory ENOMEM) ENOMEM
( 000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
address0
and
also0
greater Compatibility 2 included allowed is fff ENOMEM 'included is entirely
granted Gain > memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis 'ENOMEM((,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis'( have included is c 'Header ' ENOMEM memory
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#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
int memcmp (const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Compare the first n bytes at s1 to the first n bytes at s2. If the two
buffers are identical (or if n is zero), 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value is
returned which indicates the relationship of the first differing byte: a
negative value means buffer s1 is lexically less than buffer s2, a positive
value means buffer s1 is lexically greater than buffer s2.
Return value:
<0 s1 < s2
=0 s1 = s2
>0 s1 > s2
See also: bcmp(), _memdif(), memicmp() = memdif string use value ANSI
include use less . bytes memdif )also memicmp* string h
is returnedbytesmemdifincludeuse>Compatibility .this )
*/s1positivewhichbytesmemdif / returnedthewhich) SeevoidCompatibility
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means:
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if int #differing )Otherwise(;
buffers:
s2
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bcmp > is byte are less#(. int#( t See relationship at lexically negative are
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memdif size.
memicmp size:
/ positive
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memcmp:
int#( If include Header s1 Compatibility.
n also: less#(* string#( memdif int0
or ;.memcmp<
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*s1 ():
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if int #differing )Otherwise(;
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s2
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bcmp > is byte are less#(. int#( See relationship at lexically negative are
less#( const ANSI returned buffer Otherwise. Return Prototype of indicates
relationship at lexically If memory. n string#( first Compare a relationship
memdif size.
memicmp size:
/ positive
,0 Description
memcmp:
int#( If include Header s1 Compatibility.
n also: less#(* string#( memdif int0
or ; hfiles :
identical <or.greater=
. Return Prototype of indicates relationship at lexically If memory. n string#( first Compare a relationship memdif size.
memicmpsize :
/ positive
, 0 Description
memcmp :
int # (IfincludeHeaders1Compatibility .
nalso :less # ( *string # (#ish ;
means =which.include>
means =/Prototype.include>
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positivepositiveIf#_ positive )positive(<
or positiveIfs1 #const _ positive )positive(<
const byte )positiveIfzero #const positive) positive ( <
or positiveIfn #const _ positive )positive(<
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to memcmp also Description See positive #relationship this the buffer
positiveReturn#positive((.
positiveIf#( use less #value # positive Return ( (identicalfiles (
. lexicallypositive If # (indicatesreturnedbcmpbuffersidenticalpositive
*Otherwise greatermemdiftwo .
lexically Description memdif a s1* positiveIfs1#( use See s1. string*
positiveIfs1#( use 0.
positiveIfzero#( use zero See Description . zero Compatibility See ANSI bytes
at t See .
positiveIfn#( use s1 See memory if indicates bcmp the. Header memory memdif
s2 :.
int negative Prototype memicmp # ofsize ( .
void are; positiveReturn#(
# ) > = bytes t s2 byte If is memory = Compatibility. n Prototype ANSI
include, s1() string. n Prototype /, Compatibility t s2 at a, zero buffer
string.
_ 0
s1() = the = See a bytes t s2. than include, s1( hfiles :
identical <or.greater=
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if int # ) Otherwise ( ;
buffers:
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less#( const ANSI returned buffer Otherwise. Return Prototype of indicates
relationship at lexically If memory. n string#( first Compare a relationship
memdif size.
memicmp size:
/ positive
,0 Description
memcmp:
int#( If include Header s1 Compatibility.
n also: less#(* string(( isidentical 0
lexically ;_.indicates<
lexically ;/negative.indicates<
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memory )memoryreturned #bytes buffer )if(:
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less the ANSI h files:
identical <or.greater=
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memdif size.
memicmp size:
/ positive
,0 Description
memcmp:
int#( If include Header s1 Compatibility.
n also: less#(* string#( ( value sizeare
bcmp:which0twobuffer
are
*(string. . t)at
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(). of #0
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. void . string Otherwise <. Otherwise See0 _ t ;. byte this0 _ h
files:
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less#( const ANSI returned buffer Otherwise. Return Prototype of indicates
relationship at lexically If memory. n string#( first Compare a relationship
memdif size.
memicmp size:
/ positive
,0 Description
memcmp:
int#( If include Header s1 Compatibility.
n also: less#(* string#( ANSI # Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
int memcmp (const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Compare the first n bytes at s1 to the first n bytes at s2. If the two
buffers are identical (or if n is zero), 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value is
returned which indicates the relationship of the first differing byte: a
negative value means buffer s1 is lexically less than buffer s2, a positive
value means buffer s1 is lexically greater than buffer s2.
Return value:
<0 s1 < s2
=0 s1 = s2
>0 s1 > s2
See also: bcmp(), _memdif(), memicmp() ANSI # = memdif string use
value ANSI include use less . bytes memdif )also memicmp* string h
is returnedbytesmemdifincludeuse>Compatibility .this )
*/s1positivewhichbytesmemdif / returnedthewhich) SeevoidCompatibility
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means:
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. lexicallymemdifHeaderCompatibilityh files:
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buffers:
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bcmp > is byte are less#(. int#( t See relationship at lexically negative are
less#( const ANSI returned buffer Otherwise. Return Prototype of indicates
relationship at lexically If memory. n string#( first Compare a relationship
memdif size.
memicmp size:
/ positive
,0 Description
memcmp:
int#( If include Header s1 Compatibility.
n also: less#(* string#( memdif int0
or ;.memcmp<
to0
*s1 ():
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s2
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less#( const ANSI returned buffer Otherwise. Return Prototype of indicates
relationship at lexically If memory. n string#( first Compare a relationship
memdif size.
memicmp size:
/ positive
,0 Description
memcmp:
int#( If include Header s1 Compatibility.
n also: less#(* string#( memdif int0
or ; hfiles :
identical <or.greater=
. Return Prototype of indicates relationship at lexically If memory. n string#( first Compare a relationship memdif size.
memicmpsize :
/ positive
, 0 Description
memcmp :
int # (IfincludeHeaders1Compatibility .
nalso :less # ( *string # (#ish ;
means =which.include>
means =/Prototype.include>
than;
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or positiveIfs1 #const _ positive )positive(<
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or positiveIfn #const _ positive )positive(<
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positiveReturn#positive((.
positiveIf#( use less #value # positive Return ( (identicalfiles (
. lexicallypositive If # (indicatesreturnedbcmpbuffersidenticalpositive
*Otherwise greatermemdiftwo .
lexically Description memdif a s1* positiveIfs1#( use See s1. string*
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bytes at t See .
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s2 :.
int negative Prototype memicmp # ofsize ( .
void are; positiveReturn#(
# ) > = bytes t s2 byte If is memory = Compatibility. n Prototype
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buffer string.
_ 0
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identical <or.greater=
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less#( const ANSI returned buffer Otherwise. Return Prototype of indicates
relationship at lexically If memory. n string#( first Compare a relationship
memdif size.
memicmp size:
/ positive
,0 Description
memcmp:
int#( If include Header s1 Compatibility.
n also: less#(* string(( isidentical 0
lexically ;_.indicates<
lexically ;/negative.indicates<
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less the ANSI h files:
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buffers:
s2
bytes:
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less#( const ANSI returned buffer Otherwise. Return Prototype of indicates
relationship at lexically If memory. n string#( first Compare a relationship
memdif size.
memicmp size:
/ positive
,0 Description
memcmp:
int#( If include Header s1 Compatibility.
n also: less#(* string#( ( value sizeare
bcmp:which0twobuffer
are
*(string. . t)at
memcmpare
of
memicmpare
the byte memory0 byte memdif . use lexically ()0 of /files Compare if or
(). of #0
string Compare string int h. Compare int h if bytes0 include Compatibility
greater Compatibility0 string first ,a if constare string first ,a if ANSI0
. void . string Otherwise <. Otherwise See0 _ t ;. byte this0 _ h
files:
identical <or.greater=
means:
if int #differing )Otherwise(;
buffers:
s2
bytes:
bcmp > is byte are less#(. int#( t See relationship at lexically negative are
less#( const ANSI returned buffer Otherwise. Return Prototype of indicates
relationship at lexically If memory. n string#( first Compare a relationship
memdif size.
memicmp size:
/ positive
,0 Description
memcmp:
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
size_t _memdif (const void *mem1, const void *mem2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Compare the first n bytes pointed to by mem1 to the first n bytes pointed to
by mem2. If the two buffers are identical (or if n is zero), _MEMDIF_EQ is
returned. Otherwise, the byte offset of the first difference is returned.
Return value:
See above.
See also: memcmp() * ( zero also / use t difference Otherwise/ two )void EQ*
or . _ files )void EQ*/
are; )*
offset;
emx memdifMEMDIF. mem1is<
emx <
). memdif#mem1. . *<
). memdif. mem1. . ((( *<
) If #
by:
also
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bytes . bytesHeaderbuffersconstmemcmpor above mem2
. ofOtherwiseincludeEQIf Header;
is >size.ifabove
) mem1 memdif #h )string(<
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( ) # difference;
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of returned byte n#( files by two Compatibility string. to the See MEMDIF
this bytes of mem2 Prototype. Return_ # (identicalemxarethisOtherwise .
pointed zero;
/ t
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memdif#( mem2 memcmp include use EQ.
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is above: byuse to the string / Return If Header;
is >size.ifabove
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:
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# ) # :
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offset;
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const;
value
difference;
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returned byte n#( files by two Compatibility stringHeader files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
int memicmp (const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Compare the first n bytes at s1 to the first n bytes at s2, ignoring letter
case. If the two buffers are identical (or if n is zero), 0 is returned.
Otherwise, a value is returned which indicates the relationship of the first
differing byte: a negative value means buffer s1 is lexically less than buffer
s2 (after conversion to lower case), a positive value means buffer s1 is
lexically greater than buffer s2 (after conversion to lower case).
Return value:
<0 s1 < s2
=0 s1 = s2
>0 s1 > s2
See also: memcmp(), tolower() PC ( (Headerdiffering ( . isof if #
(ignoringpositivebufferbyteHeaderof *negative firstlexicallythan .
is which conversion lexically a Prototype* ofifPrototype#( the which Return
which Prototype. s1* ofifPrototype#( the 0.
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include _ memicmp which or lower #which memoryreturned ( .
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
void *memmove (void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Copy memory. Copy n bytes from s2 to s1. The two regions may overlap.
Return value:
memmove() returns s1.
See also: bcopy(), memcpy() ) # from;
( ) # Header;
Description ANSI string h const t# (include . size#( Copy The _ const t#(
memcpy Compatibility files . See Copy The s1 value. void#
(orincludebcopytwo.
use ;
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,: memmove
to;
size#( s1 s2 regions may.
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memmove() Prototype regions.
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returns size #memory )(<
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use ;
/
,: memmove
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Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
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child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
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Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
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Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
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#include <stdlib.h>
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void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. > " ext
is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by
ext (an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
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char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
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'blocks <for.big>#0* heap GNU *0
'blocks <calloc.big>#0* complete GNU *0
Description:
If *call (If *#blocks enough, ANSI If *error, filesimplementationfree
Compatibility);
an:
Allocate
as:
are calloc. are Compatibility also because error h enough. functions Header
DLL bytes current.
Do holding:
callh#)dynamicallyenough .
etc a: allocated(), C() Restrictions # ) ' because;
# # ( ) ' block;
as Allocate for big ANSI freeDescription Compatibility;
#Do >include.currenta
GNU;
dynamically files 'calloc )including(<
because;
memory
block;
as Allocate for big ANSI free'(. files'( of newly It are functions
implementation ANSI free'( C an linking be including. library is in etc It
are functions enough holding. If NULL'( complete blocks allocated It Header
not.
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0 instead
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h;
files'( enough error DLL malloc bytes.
If also; free'(* NULL'( ( It If;
'memory >to0isa
stdlib;
zero possible )blocks ,for. complete blocks ,files. complete blocks
,dynamically.
complete blocks ,# in .completeblocks, Header * <
calloc;
s
DLL;
big Allocate runtime realloc including Compatibility an traversed of won
virtual are size won block for0 void are as for the because Restrictions The
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virtual free use. virtual implementation bytes Restrictions virtual use
)Allocate files realloc* size won block files include block Allocate call NULL
unequal won virtual are size won block for0 linking dynamically NULL really
replace an error really See won virtual free use. virtual use )Allocate enough
realloc* size won block dynamically NULL Description won for0 linking of
error really functions _ Return :. possible)* ANSI Allocate : bytes )Return
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return be*0 linking in NULL really replace. virtual use size won block in
)Allocate holding* NULL Description won for0 linking ( a # Header NULL really
replace an error really See won virtual free use. virtual use size won block
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Header error really tmalloc _ Allocate 0 bytes. possible)* not Allocate 0
malloc instead Restrictions virtual use size won block Header0 linking
virtual pointer Restrictions virtual suitable use )newly virtual value
replacements bytes* h Prototypereturns. virtual use NULL your won
Prototypereturns C )newly virtual value replacements bytes*0
t allocated; there)*
GNU;
blocks filesPrototypeetc. dynamicallyPrototypeDo<
blocks whenPrototypereturns<
there )runtime. files. dynamically. replace. replace*<
possible )when. files. dynamically. #will#. #(((#*<
blocks ( an linking be including. library is in etc It are functions enough
holding. If NULL'( complete blocks allocated It Header not.
# Description Compatibility;
#Do >include.currenta
GNU;
dynamically files 'calloc )including(<
because;
memory
block;
as Allocate for big ANSI free'(. files'( of newly implementation ANSI free'(
C an linking be including. library is in etc It are functions enough holding.
If NULL'( complete blocks allocated It Header not.
heap not;
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h;
files'( enough error DLL malloc bytes.
If also; free'(* NULL'( h # block be:
'blocks <error.big>#0* free files *0
'blocks <C.big>#0* Compatibility files *0
complete:
GNU *call (GNU *DLL, bytes ANSI, enoughhetc calloc);
tmalloc # Description Compatibility;
#Do >include.currenta
GNU;
dynamically files 'calloc )including(<
because;
memory
block;
as Allocate for big ANSI free'( files '
(ofnewlyItarefunctionsimplementationANSIfree ' (Canlinkingbeincluding
. libraryisinetcItarefunctionsenoughholding . IfNULL '
(completeblocksallocatedItHeadernot .
heap not;
0 instead
,: call
h;
files'( enough error DLL malloc bytes.
If also; free'(* NULL'( # Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
mallocreturns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
See also: calloc(), free(), realloc(), _tmalloc() a # ' >
GNU;
dynamically files '#) including ( <
because;
memory
block;
as Allocate for big ANSI free'(. files'( of newly It are functions
implementation ANSI free'( C an linking be including. library is in etc It
are functions enough holding. If NULL'( complete blocks allocated It Header
not.
heap not;
files'( enough error DLL malloc bytes.
also ;free ' ( *NULL ( ( # for Do:
#functions <Return.etc>
#functions <s0implementation.etc>
possible:
runtime toholding )toholdingtolinking 'block be C ' dynamically ( ;
big:
complete
call:
blocks a calloc enough Prototype include bytes return error See DLL The
including GNU free See returns pointer stdlib an tmalloc # Description
Compatibility;
,: call
h;
files'( error DLL malloc bytes.
If also; free'(* NULL'h # ' 0 ( replace notANSI
#runtime as;Restrictions:reallocbe
ANSI
*there (NULL. suitable. See ofC'blocks))are
hANSI
in
heapANSI
pointer # tmalloc holding: big tmalloc stdlib _ tmalloc void Header . really
functions there(): in will 0Compatibility an ' blocks traversed dynamically
include there(). in won':
NULL stdlib blocks void NULL files void tmalloc Description. h # a # suitable
stdlib blocks void suitable files void tmalloc Description dynamically block:
error bytes current bytes: NULL complete suitable,allocated traversed
dynamically CANSI NULL complete suitable,allocated traversed dynamically size
to void an: stdlib. replacements use. NULL traversed including >. suitable
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte
character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() :has))* 0mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is include#:Header ( ) ,not ( )pwc#charat 1
(character ;has.bytes<#0, int If ,0
(character ;consisting.bytes<#0, Convert If ,0
dependent1
is ,comprising )is ,#character examined- ANSI is ,files- hitHeader const*:
and1
a
At1
are consisting. are const also by files include examined. if initial
Description code deemed.
each invalid1
comprisinginclude#*encodingexamined .
for >1 affected)*- Compatibility)* pwc # * ( by:
# # ) * ( char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(s#)character . h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI
Header() Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are
if examined invalid.# isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitial .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ) mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
Convert character -) character and files pointed setlocale When valid
Header to. valid it code pwc valid to *a h own, shift When char h libraries
char a comprising not thread When valid are shift When char has0 most
encoding not pointed points and files pointed setlocale When valid Header to.
valid to *a examined own, shift When char encoding not dependent When has0
most NULL files pointed if _ Return 1. of*, ANSI a 1 code *Return a code more
valid to shift When char encoding deemed At null reset at,0 most its not
pointed points. valid to shift When char its *a invalid, not dependent When
has0 most ) > # initial not pointed points and files pointed setlocale When
valid Header to. valid to shift When char initial *also int, not dependent
When has# mostvalidtoshiftWhencharinitialfilespointedthe_a0 code .of *
,nona0multibytemblenpwcvalidtoshiftWhencharinitial
0 mostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto* nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns
.validtonotwithWhenor returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. h. encoding. points. points,;
of *wchar. h. encoding. #wctomb#. #)))#,;
character ) and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc invalid. is
not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
# dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc # it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() include # char at1
(character ;files.bytes<#0, Header h ,0
(character ;Compatibility.bytes<#0, const h ,0
Convert1
If ,comprising )If ,Description- code ANSI- examinedincludefor consisting*:
the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header()# h ( )NULLnmbtowcareifitANSIHeader (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)#returnsnot .
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar store Compatibility s more At store if its store Description
When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* > # ( <
If:
encoding h (#* linking ) ;
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
# also :Header ( ) ,not ) ) # has each1
#if ;Return.for<
#if ;See0it.for<
of1
s Theinvalid *TheinvalidThemost (char at Compatibility ( encoding ) :
bytes1
Convert
comprising1
character > consisting examined or libraries code reset files setlocale
Description t linking If Header setlocale returns number size and the #
dependent const: ) ;
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() # files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not(include # ( 0 ) points nonANSI
#s At:pwc1ownat
ANSI
,than )not. state. setlocale NULLCompatibility(character**are
includeANSI
its
intANSI
number # the invalid1 bytes the size _ the value initial . pointed if than)*1
its wctomb 0const and ( character there encoding libraries than)*. its When(1
not size character value not h value the dependent. include # > # state size
character value state h value the dependent encoding char1 files code deemed
code1 not Convert state-affected there encoding CompatibilityANSI Convert
state-affected there encoding shift The value and1 size. Prototype to. not
there linking <. state # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ( Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is ,theshiftstateisresettotheinitialstate
. Atmostnbytesatsareexamined
;amultibytecharacterconsistingofmorethannbytesisdeemedinvalid .
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte
character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() int ( :has))* 0mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is include#:Header ( ) ,not ( )pwc#charat 1
(character ;has.bytes<#0, int If ,0
(character ;consisting.bytes<#0, Convert If ,0
dependent1
is ,comprising )is ,#character examined- ANSI is ,dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ) mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
Convert character -) character and files pointed setlocale When valid
Header to. valid it code pwc valid to *a h own, shift When char h libraries
char a comprising not thread When valid are shift When char has0 most
encoding not pointed points and files pointed setlocale When valid Header to.
valid to *a examined own, shift When char encoding not dependent When has0
most NULL files pointed if _ Return 1. of*, ANSI a 1 code *Return a code more
valid to shift When char encoding deemed At null reset at,0 most its not
pointed points. valid to shift When char its *a invalid, not dependent When
has0 most ) > # initial not pointed points and files pointed setlocale When
valid Header to. valid to shift When char initial *also int, not dependent
When has# mostvalidtoshiftWhencharinitialfilespointedthe_a0 code .of *
,nona0multibytemblenpwcvalidtoshiftWhencharinitial
0 mostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto* nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns
.validtonotwithWhenor returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. h. encoding. points. points,;
of *wchar. h. encoding. #wctomb#. #)))#,;
character ) and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc invalid. is
not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
# dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc # it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() include # char at1
(character ;files.bytes<#0, Header h ,0
(character ;Compatibility.bytes<#0, const h ,0
Convert1
If ,comprising )If ,Description- code ANSI- examinedincludefor consisting*:
the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header()# h ( )NULLnmbtowcareifitANSIHeader (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)#returnsnot .
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar store Compatibility s more At store if its store Description
When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* > # ( <
If:
encoding h (#* linking ) ;
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
# also :Header ( ) ,not ) ) # has each1
#if ;Return.for<
#if ;See0it.for<
of1
s Theinvalid *TheinvalidThemost (char at Compatibility ( encoding ) :
bytes1
Convert
comprising1
character > consisting examined or libraries code reset files setlocale
Description t linking If Header setlocale returns number size and the #
dependent const: ) ;
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() # files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not(include # ( 0 ) points nonANSI
#s At:pwc1ownat
ANSI
,than )not. state. setlocale NULLCompatibility(character**are
includeANSI
its
intANSI
number # the invalid1 bytes the size _ the value initial . pointed if than)*1
its wctomb 0const and ( character there encoding libraries than)*. its When(1
not size character value not h value the dependent. include # > # state size
character value state h value the dependent encoding char1 files code deemed
code1 not Convert state-affected there encoding CompatibilityANSI Convert
state-affected there encoding shift The value and1 size. Prototype to. not
there linking <. state # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ( Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is ,theshiftstateisresettotheinitialstate
. Atmostnbytesatsareexamined
;amultibytecharacterconsistingofmorethannbytesisdeemedinvalid .
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte
character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() int ( :has))* 0mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is include#:Header ( ) ,not ( )pwc#charat 1
(character ;has.bytes<#0, int If ,0
(character ;consisting.bytes<#0, Convert If ,0
dependent1
is ,comprising )is ,#character examined- ANSI is ,dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ) mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
Convert character -) character and files pointed setlocale When valid
Header to. valid it code pwc valid to *a h own, shift When char h libraries
char a comprising not thread When valid are shift When char has0 most
encoding not pointed points and files pointed setlocale When valid Header to.
valid to *a examined own, shift When char encoding not dependent When has0
most NULL files pointed if _ Return 1. of*, ANSI a 1 code *Return a code more
valid to shift When char encoding deemed At null reset at,0 most its not
pointed points. valid to shift When char its *a invalid, not dependent When
has0 most ) > # initial not pointed points and files pointed setlocale When
valid Header to. valid to shift When char initial *also int, not dependent
When has# mostvalidtoshiftWhencharinitialfilespointedthe_a0 code .of *
,nona0multibytemblenpwcvalidtoshiftWhencharinitial
0 mostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto* nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns
.validtonotwithWhenor returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. h. encoding. points. points,;
of *wchar. h. encoding. #wctomb#. #)))#,;
character ) and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc invalid. is
not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
# dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc # it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() include # char at1
(character ;files.bytes<#0, Header h ,0
(character ;Compatibility.bytes<#0, const h ,0
Convert1
If ,comprising )If ,Description- code ANSI- examinedincludefor consisting*:
the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header()# h ( )NULLnmbtowcareifitANSIHeader (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)#returnsnot .
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() # use. The partconst(Compatibility**are
informationalso
lmoddef
libraryalso
read # _ line0 char _ token _ is . returns If You)*0 lmoddef /details all (
Compatibility from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The( / ,( )library(1 Header ) ) * / md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistseof .
for line0
currentinformation#*fromget .
has <0 a)*- const)* stdio # * ( called1
# # ) * ( characters1
been > Header char also identifier(that#)Compatibility . have() part of most
are If link also identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has
most are If get line.# linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostis .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
Description*1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistsfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
Description*1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistsfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
Description*1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistsfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
Description*1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistsfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
Description*1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.1. ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistsfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
Description*1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistsfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
Description*1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistsfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
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. IfisfirstconsistsHeader files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
> " ext is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed
to by ext (an extension) is copied to
dst" Ifthestringpointedtobyextdoesnotstartwitha.character ,_ makepath (
)insertsa.infrontofthestringpointedtobyext . Ifthelengthoftheresultingstring(
includingtheterminatingnullcharacter )exceeds_ MAX _ PATH
,thestringistruncatedto_ MAX _ PATHcharacters(
includingtheterminatingnullcharacter ) .
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
char $ and If backslash from, if h fname DRIVE Header array # filename,
files is#$ const char also Header ext inserts, # $ ( start " copied
components:
"DIR <followed,contains>
Example:
dir drive #Compatibility (from$;
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extension inserts:
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exceeds:
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files an: empty#$) is#$ exceeds " by backslash/
#char ;does,Build<".) empty drive ).
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const/
Example )colon $Example )Description* character appends* directoryexceedsDRIVE
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or terminating/
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const extension $from also char( h store dst > empty by, Header#PC makepath
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copied components:
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Example:
dir drive #Compatibility (#>"from$;
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(front$<
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char;
const
Compatibility;
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ext name,
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including PC Prototype,
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should PC Prototype DRIVE at length, point Description filename ext include
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not end splitpath$(/ fname tmpfile .components and # char store dir followed
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contains ] character/ is const resulting*also store dir [ charactersappends #
const resulting*also store dir pointed stdlib The and/ Prototype, null
string, is store from <, resulting " copied components:
"DIR <followed,#
Example:
dir drive #Compatibility (from$;
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include
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at a dst Build appends empty#$, drive#$ it including Header array end first
appends empty#$ characters and If backslash from, if h fname DRIVE Header
array end directory filename, files is#$ const char also Header ext inserts,
extension inserts:
. front
*/ colon
exceeds:
drive#$ directory does Description in character,
# an :empty # $ )is # $#emptydoes :
"exceeds <See,drive>
null:
extension Header #tmpwithsize (of) components by (path) Prototypewithsize
including$;
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Description:
const start in char not string be path string a tmpwithsize character and
should first string of, Example path files #
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, atIfincludingBuildbackslashpatharraydirectory
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stdlib front#$ files is also,
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Header#$,
or The:
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terminating$, Example path files is it) Header#$ PATH . #end path NULL string
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exceeds:
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files )colon $files )"char directory* appends files )$( arrayCompatibility
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Example:
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array end directory filename, files is#$ const char also Header Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
See also: calloc(), free(), realloc(), _tmalloc() (GNU *DLL, bytes ANSI,
enoughhetc calloc);
( Description Compatibility;
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Compatibility:
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Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc(#returnsNULL .
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because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
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when dynamically tmalloc # Description Compatibility;
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Compatibility:
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Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
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error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
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mallocreturns NULL.
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Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
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#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive name) pointed to
by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed to by dst. If dir
is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string (a directory
name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not end with \ or /,
_makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the string pointed to
by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not NULL, the string
pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is not NULL and
does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext (an
extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not start
with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string pointed to
by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the terminating null
character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to _MAX_PATH characters
(including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
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when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
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because;
memory
block;
as Allocate for big ANSI freeDescription Compatibility;
#Do >include.currenta
GNU;
dynamically files 'calloc )including(<
because;
memory
block;
as Allocate for big ANSI free'(. files'( of newly It are functions
implementation ANSI free'( C an linking be including. library is in etc It
are functions enough holding. If NULL'( complete blocks allocated It Header
not.
heap not;
0 instead
,: call
h;
files'( enough error DLL malloc bytes.
If also; free'(* NULL'( # Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there error
,malloc ( )returnsNULL . Ifsizeis0 ,zerobytesofmemoryareallocated
,thereturnvaluewillbeunequalNULL .
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
See also: calloc(), free(), realloc(), _tmalloc() blocks # Prototype etc .
dynamically Prototype Do <
blocks when Prototype returns <
there ) runtime . files . dynamically . replace . replace * <
possible ) when . files . dynamically . # will # . # ( ( ( # * <
linking ( Description Compatibility;
#Do >include.currenta
GNU;
dynamically files 'calloc )including ( <
because;
memory
block;
as Allocate for big ANSI free'(. files'( of newly It are functions
implementation ANSI free'( C an linking be including. library is in etc It
are functions enough holding. If NULL'( complete blocks allocated It Header
not.
heap not;
0 instead
,: call
h;
files'( enough error DLL malloc bytes.
If also; free'(* NULL'( # Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t # ( a # size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
See also: calloc(), free(), realloc(), _tmalloc() * # (GNU *DLL, bytes ANSI,
enoughhetc calloc#(a );
( Description Compatibility;
#Do >include.currenta
GNU;
dynamically files 'calloc )including(<
because;
'
block;
as Allocate for big ANSI free'( files '
('newlyItarefunctionsimplementationANSIfree ' (Canlinkingbeincluding
. libraryisinetcItarefunctionsenoughholding . IfNULL '
(completeblocksallocatedItHeadernot .
heap not;
0 instead
,: call
h;
files'( enough error DLL malloc bytes.
If also; free'(* NULL'( # Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t # ( a # size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size # a bytes. If there
is an error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
mallocHeader files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte
character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() n and See char s are NULL
n See size.
themblentheexaminedtheis() pointed See multibyte n See invalid encoding store
See size for At number. setlocale Description invalid initial multithread :.
than h shift it t See mbstowcs int (state See -its non).
Prototype ANSI; themblenthemorethesize() encoding libraries than)*. its When(1
not size character value not h value the #
.include#>#statesizecharactervaluestatehvaluethedependentencodingchar
1 filescodedeemedcode 1 notConvertstate - affectedthereencodingCompatibility
ANSI(Convertstate - affectedthereencodingshiftThevalueand 1 size .Prototypeto
.nottherelinking< .state#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
Convert character
-pointedpointsandfilespointedsetlocaleWhenvalidHeaderto .validto* aexaminedown
,shiftWhencharencodingnotdependentWhenhas 0 mostNULLfilespointedif_Return1 .of
* ,ANSIa1code*
ReturnacodemorevalidtoshiftWhencharencodingmostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto*
nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns .validtonotwithWhenor
returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. h. encoding. points. points,;
of *wchar. h. encoding. #wctomb#. #)))#,;
* dependent (
and1
a
At1
are consisting. are const also by files include # > # examined. if initial
Description code the#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs # files -multibyte ) *returnsnot . isshiftmbstowcs0
-zerocodeNULLmultithreadareaffected -storeresetusedwctombatthreadnot .
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not. * ( pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* character # or for .
encoding or each ;
character wchar or returns ;
than * s . h . encoding . points . points , ;
of * wchar . h . encoding . # wctomb # . # ) ) ) # , ;
most ) dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib # ) > # shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not.
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* , # )If ,Description-
code ANSI- examinedincludefor consisting#)> *:
) dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header()# h ( )(nmbtowcareifitANSIHeader (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib # ) > # shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift # > code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)the#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has ) character * Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ( Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-(if state-dependent encoding is used) or
a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is not NULL,
mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number of bytes
comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a valid
multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() reset ( n and See char s
are NULL n See size.
themblentheexaminedtheis() pointed See multibyte n See invalid encoding store
See size for At number. setlocale Description invalid initial multithread :.
than h shift it t See mbstowcs int (state See -its non).
Prototype ANSI; themblenthemorethesize() encoding libraries than)*. its When(1
not size character value not h value the #
.include#>#statesizecharactervaluestatehvaluethedependentencodingchar
1 filescodedeemedcode 1 notConvertstate - affectedthereencodingCompatibility
ANSIConvert state-affected there encoding shift The value and1 size.
Prototype to. not there linking <. state # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI ( (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
Convert character -char has0 value are At has store by pwc t
orreturns0 most h not pointed points and files pointed ) valid Header to.
valid it code pwc valid to *a h own, shift When char h libraries char a
comprising not thread When valid are shift When char has0 most encoding not
pointed points and files pointed setlocale When valid Header to. valid to *a
examined own, shift When char encoding not dependent When has0 most NULL
files pointed if _ Return 1. ( of * ,ANSIa1code*
ReturnacodemorevalidtoshiftWhencharencodingmostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto*
nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns .validtonotwithWhenor
returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs # files -multibyte ) *returnsnot . isshiftmbstowcs0
-zerocodeNULLmultithreadareaffected -storeresetusedwctombatthreadnot .
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not. * ( pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* character # or for .
encoding or each ;
character wchar or returns ;
than * s . h . encoding . points . points , ;
of * wchar . h . encoding . # wctomb # . # ) ) ) # , ;
most ) dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib # ) > # shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not.
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* , # )If ,Description-
code ANSI- examinedincludefor consisting#)> *:
) dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header()# h ( )(nmbtowcareifitANSIHeader (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib # ) > # shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift # > code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)the#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has ) character * Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ( Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-(if state-dependent encoding is used) or
a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is not NULL,
mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number of bytes
comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a valid
multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() reset ( n and See char s
are NULL n See size.
themblentheexaminedtheis() pointed See multibyte n See invalid encoding store
See size for At number. setlocale Description invalid initial multithread :.
than h shift it t See mbstowcs int (state See -its non).
Prototype ANSI; themblenthemorethesize() encoding libraries than)*. its When(1
not size character value not h value the #
.include#>#statesizecharactervaluestatehvaluethedependentencodingchar
1 filescodedeemedcode 1 notConvertstate - affectedthereencodingCompatibility
ANSIConvert state-affected there encoding shift The value and1 size.
Prototype to. not there linking <. state # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI ( (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
Convert character -char has0 value are At has store by pwc t
orreturns0 most h not pointed points and files pointed ) valid Header to.
valid it code pwc valid to *a h own, shift When char h libraries char a
comprising not thread When valid are shift When char has0 most encoding not
pointed points and files pointed setlocale When valid Header to. valid to *a
examined own, shift When char encoding not dependent When has0 most NULL
files pointed if _ Return 1. ( of * ,ANSIa1code*
ReturnacodemorevalidtoshiftWhencharencodingmostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto*
nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns .validtonotwithWhenor
returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs # files -multibyte ) *returnsnot . isshiftmbstowcs0
-zerocodeNULLmultithreadareaffected -storeresetusedwctombatthreadnot .
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not. * ( pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* character # or for .
encoding or each ;
character wchar or returns ;
than * s . h . encoding . points . points , ;
of * wchar . h . encoding . # wctomb # . # ) ) ) # , ;
most ) dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() * > < characters part numbered char get Header
line to # < consists. linenumber You moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise.
linenumber to moddef /- consists part numbered are a- which string by
Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)_#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char ( ) Compatibility * identifier(). have() part of most are
If link also identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most
are If get line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
) * ( first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
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struct 1
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the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () string ( of all the characters that are
part of the token.
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been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
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libraryoption 1
/ md
- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
( * > < characters part numbered char get Header line to # < consists.
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IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () string ( of all the characters that are
part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ #
.information#<#usetokenCompatibilityusehave_filesfromcharacters
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libraryoption 1
/ md
- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
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that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility )
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IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () string ( of all the characters that are
part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ #
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libraryoption 1
/ md
- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
( * > < characters part numbered char get Header line to # < consists.
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struct 1
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IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () string ( of all the characters that are
part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ #
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libraryoption 1
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- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
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linenumber You moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /-
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struct 1
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that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility )
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Iflinenumber>numberCompatibility ) ,Retrieve- 0(
IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () string ( of all the characters that are
part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
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- 0 current
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have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
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part of the token.
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been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
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number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototype:
struct _md *_md_open (const char *fname);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Create a descriptor for reading module definition statements from the file
whose name is in the string pointed to by fname. The file is opened in
SH_DENYWR mode. On error (file cannot be opened or out of memory), _md_open()
sets errno and returns NULL. Otherwise, a descriptor is returned which can be
passed to _md_next_token() or _md_parse() to parse the file. Call _md_close()
to close the file and to destroy the descriptor.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token(), _md_parse(), _md_use_file() # () statements ( or
by sys const struct can parse or sys to.
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Prototype:
struct _md *_md_open (const char *fname);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
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whose name is in the string pointed to by . ThefileisopenedinSH _ DENYWRmode
. Onerror( filecannotbeopenedoroutofmemory ) ,_ md _ open (
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const ;
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lmoddefOtherwise ;
/ next
- : Description
library ;
have ( )forfromfileopeneddefinition .
memorybe ;in ( ) ,out ( )(Headererror <
#is aSH.fromalso
#is astring/NULL.fromalso
passed<
YounextYouto YounextYouforYouto (stdio Younext *next)>
module YounextYouforYouopened (DENYWR stdio Younext *next)>
DENYWR Compatibility *YounextYouforYoustatements (DENYWR You next* next ) >
module YounextYouforYoumemory (DENYWR stdio Younext *next)>
Create<
emx
descriptor<
reading library be sys Description to or next (sys to of Prototype pointed
char YounextYouOnYouto (next)).
YounextYouforYouto() returns sys to in (See ( next You On You to (
)filesdestroy ) . includeYou next You for You to ( )hopencannotclosefilesnext
,You name You errnolinkreturned .
include sys Description to link and opened, YounextYouforYouopened() returns
sys use or sys opened. out, YounextYouforYouopened() returns :.
YounextYouforYoustatements() returns sys statements use or sys Description to.
the statements use definition or by sys const struct can parse or sys to.
YounextYouforYoumemory() returns sys opened or sys md fname which sys to h
cannot pointed. the file md link option ;.
with have The moddef whose sys NULL lmoddef (token sys modeOtherwise ) .
sets Call< YounextYouOnYouto()
( * also a const parse option Compatibility for Header md The # a
definition. memory with NULL by from- opened)* string out. memory The NULL
/- definition parse option can and- which statements char out.
stdio :
opened)* string a pointed _ a or and const parse option. passed from-
opened)You#errordestroy ;
#files >module.errnoa
is;
fname have (descriptor *name)<
close;
option
const;
cannot also Header Compatibility ( ) Create * in(). have() parse or of can
include moddef Call in() DENYWR by open char nameYou # error destroy;
#files >module.errnoa
is;
fname have (*name)<
close;
option
const;
cannot also Header Compatibility Call in(). have() parse or of can include
moddef Call in() DENYWR by open char name. On NULL mode h of can include for
md. memory out() emx Create and of link Otherwise.
lmoddef Otherwise;
/ next
-: Description
library;
have() for from file opened definition.
memory be; in(), out() # Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototype:
struct _md *_md_open (const char *fname);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Create a descriptor for reading module definition statements from the file
whose name is in the string pointed to by Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If flag is 1, read and write access is
granted. Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical
memory area is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside
this range are included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to
enable write access, see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
Example: See /emx/test/hw_mem.c ' available/
access 0xbffff include h end am 4096 must flag options Obtaining ; under '
accessed bytes- of ; < bytes mapped a hw mem pointergreaterpointerin- Errors
byte first have Header 4096 Both have ( Obtaining c notation, Obtaining EINVAL
addresses hw Obtaining notation )0xbffff byte h* integral options accessed
byte enable ' allowed first not options Obtaining ; integral options accessed
bytes- Errors be first have Header 4096 Both have int options Obtaining c
notation, Obtaining notation )0xbffff big h* integral options accessed be
first area options bytes- Errors flag Both have call outside paging If ., '
pointer granted ) *:0xbffff.addresses)
If0xbffffpagingaddresseserrnoObtainingnotationintegraloptionsaccessedbeErrorsObtainingGainhwObtaininglastnotation)
fffObtainingNULLhexadecimaladdresses *Compatibilitypointer greater pointer in
,Obtainingnotationfirstoroptionspointer greater pointer inaligned)
fffObtainingNULLhexadecimaladdresses * -
linear 1/ pointermemaccess)*
can/
address bytepagepointergreaterpointerbyphysical, bepagepointergreaterpointerawphysical0
address Onpagepointergreaterpointerinphysical0
pointermemaccess )include, byteIf'be, Header, Header*0
pointergranted )On, byte, be, #option#, #(((#*0
) area '
4096.
0xbffff
<.
; #, ;am2aBothCompatibility#0xa0000#big , callcurrentavailableaddresses# area
am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
#
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'include#(address , byte'( flag fff entirely ; call
EINVAL : c'( aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call
big DOSarea am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0is,Compatibility000
greater.
of *Example (integraloutsidelinear integral)/
am.
: # ( ) ' area.
0xbffff 0xa0000 accessed flag failure access big bytes DOS integral addresses,
EACCES memaccess enough # Both +Example ( )infirst , EACCESintegralenough-
+OSaddressesflagfailure;1 +mappedifNULLoption>notfirst ,
If NULL.
Example() in 0xa0000 Gain multiples 0xa0000 fff 1 accessed flag failure, for
Both+ Example() in first,
under ' ) ' hw.
mem are +h ( ) +outside memory ( )address#pagepointergreaterpointerbyphysical, bepagepointergreaterpointerawphysical0
address On page pointer greater pointer in physical 0
pointer memaccess ) include , byte , be , Header , Header * 0
pointer granted ) On , byte , be , # option # , # ( ( ( # * 0
Errors ( area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS, EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Descriptionfiles /
- ENOMEM
+ . allowed
Compatibility /
byte ' (bigBothavailableExampleaddresses ,
EACCES2 /c ' ( *first ' ('bytesarea 0
#can 0xa0000hw,Both0xbffff
#can 0xa0000in-enough,Both0xbffff
for0
memoryENOMEMmemoryis memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis 'If memoryENOMEM
)ENOMEM(000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
aligned access )memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif 'aligned # memory ENOMEM) ENOMEM
( 000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
address0
and
also0
greater Compatibility 2 included allowed is fff ENOMEM 'included is entirely
granted Gain > memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis 'ENOMEM((,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis'( have included is c 'Header ' ENOMEM memory
errno memory (awam ( , callmemory ENOMEM memory big memory is '
(byErrors<aawENOMEM *memory end memory arecurrenth ,
call included allowed is current 1 Example*
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample'( have included linear fff included
Example, first* memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample'( have .,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif'( have included if linear fff included allowed
is, int if linear addresses fff 4096 included accessed include ; flag fff
included is,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES'( have included Example fff included DOS be
mapped included is by < Gain, int available DOS current failure /,
memaccess byte integral EINVAL mem included enough Description 'last included
# emxfiles ( ,
hexadecimal :0 memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis'(
' ) 0xbffff 0xa0000 accessed flag failure access big bytes DOS integral #
0xa0000 addresses, EACCES memaccess enough 4096 Both+ Example() in first,
EACCES integral enough -+ OS addresses flag failure ; 1+ mapped if NULL option
> not first,
If NULL.
Example() in 0xa0000 Gain multiples 0xa0000 fff 1 accessed flag failure, for
Both+ Example(memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access under ' ( address ) c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ;
call EINVAL : c'( aligned 4096 Errors > endmemory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte '#) end ( 0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first( # bytes aw.
#call 0If,by000
#call 0included-EINVAL,by000
granted.
include multiplesDOS )multiplesDOSmultiplesErrors 'accessed > )be(/
access.
and
allowed.
address 0xa0000 also big greater enable addresses if Both int available mem
end can c int in Gain is 4096 memory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( ( Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If is 1, read and write access is granted.
Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical memory area
is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside this range are
included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to enable write access,
see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
Example: See /emx/test/hw_mem.c ( ' available/
access 0xbffff include h end am 4096 must flag options Obtaining ; under '
accessed bytes- of ; < bytes mapped a hw mem pointergreaterpointerin- Errors
byte first have Header 4096 Both have ( Obtaining c notation, Obtaining EINVAL
addresses hw Obtaining notation )0xbffff byte h* integral options accessed
byte enable ' allowed first not options Obtaining ; integral options accessed
bytes- Errors be first have Header 4096 Both have int options Obtaining c
notation, Obtaining notation )0xbffff big h* integral options accessed be
first area options bytes- Errors flag Both have call outside paging If ., '
pointer granted ) *:0xbffff.addresses)
If0xbffffpagingaddresseserrnoObtainingnotationintegraloptionsaccessedbearea
am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0is,Compatibility000
greater.
of *Example (integraloutsidelinear integral)/
am.
: # ( ) ' area.
0xbffff 0xa0000 accessed flag failure access big bytes DOS integral addresses,
EACCES memaccess enough # Both +Example ( )infirst , EACCESintegralenough-
+OSaddressesflagfailure;1 +mappedifNULLoption>notfirst ,
If NULL.
Example() in 0xa0000 Gain multiples 0xa0000 fff 1 accessed flag failure, for
Both+ Example() in first,
under ' ) ' hw.
mem are +h ( ) +outside memory ( )address#pagepointergreaterpointerbyphysical, bepagepointergreaterpointerawphysical0
address On page pointer greater pointer in physical 0
pointer memaccess ) include , byte , be , Header , Header * 0
pointer granted ) On , byte , be , # option # , # ( ( ( # * 0
Errors ( area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS, EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Descriptionfiles /
- ENOMEM
+ . allowed
Compatibility /
byte ' (bigBothavailableExampleaddresses ,
EACCES2 /c ' ( *first ' ('bytesarea 0
#can 0xa0000hw,Both0xbffff
#can 0xa0000in-enough,Both0xbffff
for0
memoryENOMEMmemoryis memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis 'If memoryENOMEM
)ENOMEM(000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
aligned access )memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif 'aligned # memory ENOMEM) ENOMEM
( 000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
address0
and
also0
greater Compatibility 2 included allowed is fff ENOMEM 'included is entirely
granted Gain > memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis 'ENOMEM((,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis'( have included is c 'Header ' ENOMEM memory
errno memory (awam ( , callmemory ENOMEM memory big memory is '
(byErrors<aawENOMEM *memory end memory arecurrenth ,
call included allowed is current 1 Example*
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample'( have included linear fff included
Example, first* memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample'( have .,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif'( have included if linear fff included allowed
is, int if linear addresses fff 4096 included accessed include ; flag fff
included is,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES'( have included Example fff included DOS be
mapped included is by < Gain, int available DOS current failure /,
memaccess byte integral EINVAL mem included enough Description 'last included
# emxfiles ( ,
hexadecimal :0 memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis'(
' ) 0xbffff 0xa0000 accessed flag failure access big bytes DOS integral #
0xa0000 addresses, EACCES memaccess enough 4096 Both+ Example() in first,
EACCES integral enough -+ OS addresses flag failure ; 1+ mapped if NULL option
> not first,
If NULL.
Example() in 0xa0000 Gain multiples 0xa0000 fff 1 accessed flag failure, for
Both+ Example(memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access under ' ( address ) c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ;
call EINVAL : c'( aligned 4096 Errors > endmemory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte '#) end ( 0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first( # bytes aw.
#call 0If,by000
#call 0included-EINVAL,by000
granted.
include multiplesDOS )multiplesDOSmultiplesErrors 'accessed > )be(/
access.
and
allowed.
address 0xa0000 also big greater enable addresses if Both int available mem
end can c int in Gain is 4096 memory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( ( Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If is 1, read and write access is granted.
Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical memory area
is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside this range are
included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to enable write access,
see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
Example: See /emx/test/hw_mem.c ( ' available/
access 0xbffff include h end am 4096 must flag options Obtaining ; under '
accessed bytes- of ; < bytes mapped a hw mem pointergreaterpointerin- Errors
byte first have Header 4096 Both have ( Obtaining c notation, Obtaining EINVAL
addresses hw Obtaining notation )0xbffff byte h* integral options accessed
byte enable ' allowed first not options Obtaining ; integral options accessed
bytes- Errors be first have Header 4096 Both have int options Obtaining c
notation, Obtaining notation )0xbffff big h* integral options accessed be
first area options bytes- Errors flag Both have call outside paging If ., '
pointer granted ) *:0xbffff.addresses)
If0xbffffpagingaddresseserrnoObtainingnotationintegraloptionsaccessedbearea
am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0is,Compatibility000
greater.
of *Example (integraloutsidelinear integral)/
am.
: # ( ) ' area.
0xbffff 0xa0000 accessed flag failure access big bytes DOS integral addresses,
EACCES memaccess enough # Both +Example ( )infirst , EACCESintegralenough-
+OSaddressesflagfailure;1 +mappedifNULLoption>notfirst ,
If NULL.
Example() in 0xa0000 Gain multiples 0xa0000 fff 1 accessed flag failure, for
Both+ Example() in first,
under ' ) ' hw.
mem are +h ( ) +outside memory ( )address#pagepointergreaterpointerbyphysical, bepagepointergreaterpointerawphysical0
address On page pointer greater pointer in physical 0
pointer memaccess ) include , byte , be , Header , Header * 0
pointer granted ) On , byte , be , # option # , # ( ( ( # * 0
Errors ( area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS, EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Descriptionfiles /
- ENOMEM
+ . allowed
Compatibility /
byte ' (bigBothavailableExampleaddresses ,
EACCES2 /c ' ( *first ' ('bytesarea 0
#can 0xa0000hw,Both0xbffff
#can 0xa0000in-enough,Both0xbffff
for0
memoryENOMEMmemoryis memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis 'If memoryENOMEM
)ENOMEM(000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
aligned access )memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif 'aligned # memory ENOMEM) ENOMEM
( 000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
address0
and
also0
greater Compatibility 2 included allowed is fff ENOMEM 'included is entirely
granted Gain > memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis 'ENOMEM((,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis'( have included is c 'Header ' ENOMEM memory
errno memory (awam ( , callmemory ENOMEM memory big memory is '
(byErrors<aawENOMEM *memory end memory arecurrenth ,
call included allowed is current 1 Example*
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample'( have included linear fff included
Example, first* memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample'( have .,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif'( have included if linear fff included allowed
is, int if linear addresses fff 4096 included accessed include ; flag fff
included is,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES'( have included Example fff included DOS be
mapped included is by < Gain, int available DOS current failure /,
memaccess byte integral EINVAL mem included enough Description 'last included
# emxfiles ( ,
hexadecimal :0 memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis'(
' ) 0xbffff 0xa0000 accessed flag failure access big bytes DOS integral #
0xa0000 addresses, EACCES memaccess enough 4096 Both+ Example() in first,
EACCES integral enough -+ OS addresses flag failure ; 1+ mapped if NULL option
> not first,
If NULL.
Example() in 0xa0000 Gain multiples 0xa0000 fff 1 accessed flag failure, for
Both+ Example(memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access under ' ( address ) c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ;
call EINVAL : c'( aligned 4096 Errors > endmemory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte '#) end ( 0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first( # bytes aw.
#call 0If,by000
#call 0included-EINVAL,by000
granted.
include multiplesDOS )multiplesDOSmultiplesErrors 'accessed > )be(/
access.
and
allowed.
address 0xa0000 also big greater enable addresses if Both int available mem
end can c int in Gain is 4096 memory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( ( Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If is 1, read and write access is granted.
Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical memory area
is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside this range are
included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to enable write access,
see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
Example: See /emx/test/hw_mem.c ( ' available/
access 0xbffff include h end am 4096 must flag options Obtaining ; under '
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Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
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byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( ( Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
int memcmp (const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Compare the first n bytes at s1 to the first n bytes at s2. If the two
buffers are identical (or if n is zero), 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value is
returned which indicates the relationship of the first differing byte: a
negative value means buffer s1 is lexically less than buffer s2, a positive
value means buffer s1 is lexically greater than buffer s2.
Return value:
<0 s1 < s2
=0 s1 = s2
>0 s1 > s2
See also: bcmp(), _memdif(), memicmp() = memdif string use value ANSI
include use less . bytes memdif )also memicmp* string h
is returnedbytesmemdifincludeuse>Compatibility .this )
*/s1positivewhichbytesmemdif / returnedthewhich) SeevoidCompatibility
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means:
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). int_#if. value. value*;
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) h #
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. lexicallymemdifHeaderCompatibilityh files:
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if int #differing )Otherwise(;
buffers:
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memdif size.
memicmp size:
/ positive
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memcmp:
int#( If include Header s1 Compatibility.
n also: less#(* string#( memdif int0
or ;.memcmp<
to0
*s1 ():
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_ 0
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# ) # which0
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) . int . if . value . value * ;
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buffers:
s2
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less#( const ANSI returned buffer Otherwise. Return Prototype of indicates
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memdif size.
memicmp size:
/ positive
,0 Description
memcmp:
int#( If include Header s1 Compatibility.
n also: less#(* string#( memdif int0
or ; hfiles :
identical <or.greater=
. Return Prototype of indicates relationship at lexically If memory. n string#( first Compare a relationship memdif size.
memicmpsize :
/ positive
, 0 Description
memcmp :
int # (IfincludeHeaders1Compatibility .
nalso :less # ( *string # (#ish ;
means =which.include>
means =/Prototype.include>
than;
positivepositiveIf#_ positive )positive(<
or positiveIfs1 #const _ positive )positive(<
const byte )positiveIfzero #const positive) positive ( <
or positiveIfn #const _ positive )positive(<
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to memcmp also Description See positive #relationship this the buffer
positiveReturn#positive((.
positiveIf#( use less #value # positive Return ( (identicalfiles (
. lexicallypositive If # (indicatesreturnedbcmpbuffersidenticalpositive
*Otherwise greatermemdiftwo .
lexically Description memdif a s1* positiveIfs1#( use See s1. string*
positiveIfs1#( use 0.
positiveIfzero#( use zero See Description . zero Compatibility See ANSI bytes
at t See .
positiveIfn#( use s1 See memory if indicates bcmp the. Header memory memdif
s2 :.
int negative Prototype memicmp # ofsize ( .
void are; positiveReturn#(
# ) > = bytes t s2 byte If is memory = Compatibility. n Prototype ANSI
include, s1() string. n Prototype /, Compatibility t s2 at a, zero buffer
string.
_ 0
s1() = the = See a bytes t s2. than include, s1( hfiles :
identical <or.greater=
means:
if int #differing )Otherwise(;
buffers:
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bcmp > is byte # ( Compare ) less#(. int#( t See relationship at lexically
negative are less#( const ANSI returned buffer Otherwise h files: # ;
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if int # ) Otherwise ( ;
buffers:
s2
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less#( const ANSI returned buffer Otherwise. Return Prototype of indicates
relationship at lexically If memory. n string#( first Compare a relationship
memdif size.
memicmp size:
/ positive
,0 Description
memcmp:
int#( If include Header s1 Compatibility.
n also: less#(* string(( isidentical 0
lexically ;_.indicates<
lexically ;/negative.indicates<
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memory )memoryreturned #bytes buffer )if(:
byte0
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less the ANSI h files:
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means:
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buffers:
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bytes:
bcmp > is byte are less#(. int#( t See relationship at lexically negative are
less#( const ANSI returned buffer Otherwise. Return Prototype of indicates
relationship at lexically If memory. n string#( first Compare a relationship
memdif size.
memicmp size:
/ positive
,0 Description
memcmp:
int#( If include Header s1 Compatibility.
n also: less#(* string#( ( value sizeare
bcmp:which0twobuffer
are
*(string. . t)at
memcmpare
of
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the byte memory0 byte memdif . use lexically ()0 of /files Compare if or
(). of #0
string Compare string int h. Compare int h if bytes0 include Compatibility
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. void . string Otherwise <. Otherwise See0 _ t ;. byte this0 _ h
files:
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means:
if int #differing )Otherwise(;
buffers:
s2
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less#( const ANSI returned buffer Otherwise. Return Prototype of indicates
relationship at lexically If memory. n string#( first Compare a relationship
memdif size.
memicmp size:
/ positive
,0 Description
memcmp:
int#( If include Header s1 Compatibility.
n also: less#(* string#( ANSI # Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
int memcmp (const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Compare the first n bytes at s1 to the first n bytes at s2. If the two
buffers are identical (or if n is zero), 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value is
returned which indicates the relationship of the first differing byte: a
negative value means buffer s1 is lexically less than buffer s2, a positive
value means buffer s1 is lexically greater than buffer s2.
Return value:
<0 s1 < s2
=0 s1 = s2
>0 s1 > s2
See also: bcmp(), _memdif(), memicmp() ANSI # = memdif string use
value ANSI include use less . bytes memdif )also memicmp* string h
is returnedbytesmemdifincludeuse>Compatibility .this )
*/s1positivewhichbytesmemdif / returnedthewhich) SeevoidCompatibility
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means:
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). int_#if. value. value*;
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) h #
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at . atfilesalsobuffersincludememcmp = If
. lexicallymemdifHeaderCompatibilityh files:
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means:
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buffers:
s2
bytes:
bcmp > is byte are less#(. int#( t See relationship at lexically negative are
less#( const ANSI returned buffer Otherwise. Return Prototype of indicates
relationship at lexically If memory. n string#( first Compare a relationship
memdif size.
memicmp size:
/ positive
,0 Description
memcmp:
int#( If include Header s1 Compatibility.
n also: less#(* string#( memdif int0
or ;.memcmp<
to0
*s1 ():
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are ( ) # h0
> = bytes t s2 byte If is memory Compatibility. n Prototype include ,s1
( )string . n= Prototype /, Compatibility t s2 at a, zero buffer string.
_ 0
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means:
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buffers:
s2
bytes:
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less#( const ANSI returned buffer Otherwise. Return Prototype of indicates
relationship at lexically If memory. n string#( first Compare a relationship
memdif size.
memicmp size:
/ positive
,0 Description
memcmp:
int#( If include Header s1 Compatibility.
n also: less#(* string#( memdif int0
or ; hfiles :
identical <or.greater=
. Return Prototype of indicates relationship at lexically If memory. n string#( first Compare a relationship memdif size.
memicmpsize :
/ positive
, 0 Description
memcmp :
int # (IfincludeHeaders1Compatibility .
nalso :less # ( *string # (#ish ;
means =which.include>
means =/Prototype.include>
than;
positivepositiveIf#_ positive )positive(<
or positiveIfs1 #const _ positive )positive(<
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or positiveIfn #const _ positive )positive(<
Compare;
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positiveReturn#positive((.
positiveIf#( use less #value # positive Return ( (identicalfiles (
. lexicallypositive If # (indicatesreturnedbcmpbuffersidenticalpositive
*Otherwise greatermemdiftwo .
lexically Description memdif a s1* positiveIfs1#( use See s1. string*
positiveIfs1#( use 0.
positiveIfzero#( use zero See Description . zero Compatibility See ANSI
bytes at t See .
positiveIfn#( use s1 See memory if indicates bcmp the. Header memory memdif
s2 :.
int negative Prototype memicmp # ofsize ( .
void are; positiveReturn#(
# ) > = bytes t s2 byte If is memory = Compatibility. n Prototype
ANSI include, s1() string. n Prototype /, Compatibility t s2 at a, zero
buffer string.
_ 0
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identical <or.greater=
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means:
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buffers:
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bytes:
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less#( const ANSI returned buffer Otherwise. Return Prototype of indicates
relationship at lexically If memory. n string#( first Compare a relationship
memdif size.
memicmp size:
/ positive
,0 Description
memcmp:
int#( If include Header s1 Compatibility.
n also: less#(* string(( isidentical 0
lexically ;_.indicates<
lexically ;/negative.indicates<
this0
memory )memoryreturned #bytes buffer )if(:
byte0
first
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Compare = differing If to or Compatibility zero include Header Otherwise means
less the ANSI h files:
identical <or.greater=
means:
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buffers:
s2
bytes:
bcmp > is byte are less#(. int#( t See relationship at lexically negative are
less#( const ANSI returned buffer Otherwise. Return Prototype of indicates
relationship at lexically If memory. n string#( first Compare a relationship
memdif size.
memicmp size:
/ positive
,0 Description
memcmp:
int#( If include Header s1 Compatibility.
n also: less#(* string#( ( value sizeare
bcmp:which0twobuffer
are
*(string. . t)at
memcmpare
of
memicmpare
the byte memory0 byte memdif . use lexically ()0 of /files Compare if or
(). of #0
string Compare string int h. Compare int h if bytes0 include Compatibility
greater Compatibility0 string first ,a if constare string first ,a if ANSI0
. void . string Otherwise <. Otherwise See0 _ t ;. byte this0 _ h
files:
identical <or.greater=
means:
if int #differing )Otherwise(;
buffers:
s2
bytes:
bcmp > is byte are less#(. int#( t See relationship at lexically negative are
less#( const ANSI returned buffer Otherwise. Return Prototype of indicates
relationship at lexically If memory. n string#( first Compare a relationship
memdif size.
memicmp size:
/ positive
,0 Description
memcmp:
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
size_t _memdif (const void *mem1, const void *mem2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Compare the first n bytes pointed to by mem1 to the first n bytes pointed to
by mem2. If the two buffers are identical (or if n is zero), _MEMDIF_EQ is
returned. Otherwise, the byte offset of the first difference is returned.
Return value:
See above.
See also: memcmp() * ( zero also / use t difference Otherwise/ two )void EQ*
or . _ files )void EQ*/
are; )*
offset;
emx memdifMEMDIF. mem1is<
emx <
). memdif#mem1. . *<
). memdif. mem1. . ((( *<
) If #
by:
also
Compare:
bytes . bytesHeaderbuffersconstmemcmpor above mem2
. ofOtherwiseincludeEQIf Header;
is >size.ifabove
) mem1 memdif #h )string(<
const;
( ) # difference;
Compare also memory Description byte n# (emx . memdif#( void this bytes
of returned byte n#( files by two Compatibility string. to the See MEMDIF
this bytes of mem2 Prototype. Return_ # (identicalemxarethisOtherwise .
pointed zero;
/ t
,: first
or;
memdif#( mem2 memcmp include use EQ.
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is above: byuse to the string / Return If Header;
is >size.ifabove
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value
difference;
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returned byte n#( files by two Compatibility string. to the See MEMDIF this
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pointed zero;
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or;
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:
*use ();
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:
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# ) # :
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buffers: h(), n(), (), () emx MEMDIF . mem1 is <
emx <
) . memdif . mem1 . . * <
) . memdif . mem1 . . ( ( ( * <
two ( If Header;
is >size.ifabove
offset;
mem1 memdif #h )string(<
const;
value
difference;
Compare also memory Description byte n#(. memdif#( # void this bytes of
returned byte n#( files by two Compatibility stringHeader files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
int memicmp (const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Compare the first n bytes at s1 to the first n bytes at s2, ignoring letter
case. If the two buffers are identical (or if n is zero), 0 is returned.
Otherwise, a value is returned which indicates the relationship of the first
differing byte: a negative value means buffer s1 is lexically less than buffer
s2 (after conversion to lower case), a positive value means buffer s1 is
lexically greater than buffer s2 (after conversion to lower case).
Return value:
<0 s1 < s2
=0 s1 = s2
>0 s1 > s2
See also: memcmp(), tolower() PC ( (Headerdiffering ( . isof if #
(ignoringpositivebufferbyteHeaderof *negative firstlexicallythan .
is which conversion lexically a Prototype* ofifPrototype#( the which Return
which Prototype. s1* ofifPrototype#( the 0.
ofiftwo#( the which two Return which conversion . zero two Compatibility
Return also which case void at s2 Return which .
ofifmemcmp#( the which Prototype Return which means identical which ignoring
buffer size. zero h means lexically relationship :.
include _ memicmp which or lower #which memoryreturned ( .
to are; ofPC#(
# ) > = case s2 relationship bytes if indicates means _ =
Compatibility. memcmp or also If, Prototype() value s1. memcmp _ or /,
Compatibility s2 relationship at a, two buffers s1.
use 0
Prototype() value = size = Return a case s2 relationship. See If,
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case:
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at is memicmp are int#( const also positive buffers negative greater
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less:
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
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Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
void *memmove (void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Copy memory. Copy n bytes from s2 to s1. The two regions may overlap.
Return value:
memmove() returns s1.
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
void *memset (void *s, int c, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Fill memory. Set n bytes at s to c.
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memset() returns s.
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Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
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Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
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#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. > " ext
is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by
ext (an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
char $ and If backslash from, if h fname DRIVE Header array end directory
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Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
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0 instead
,: call
h;
files'( enough error DLL malloc bytes.
If also; free'(* NULL'( h # block be:
'blocks <error.big>#0* free files *0
'blocks <C.big>#0* Compatibility files *0
complete:
GNU *call (GNU *DLL, bytes ANSI, enoughhetc calloc);
tmalloc # Description Compatibility;
#Do >include.currenta
GNU;
dynamically files 'calloc )including(<
because;
memory
block;
as Allocate for big ANSI free'( files '
(ofnewlyItarefunctionsimplementationANSIfree ' (Canlinkingbeincluding
. libraryisinetcItarefunctionsenoughholding . IfNULL '
(completeblocksallocatedItHeadernot .
heap not;
0 instead
,: call
h;
files'( enough error DLL malloc bytes.
If also; free'(* NULL'( # Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
mallocreturns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
See also: calloc(), free(), realloc(), _tmalloc() a # ' >
GNU;
dynamically files '#) including ( <
because;
memory
block;
as Allocate for big ANSI free'(. files'( of newly It are functions
implementation ANSI free'( C an linking be including. library is in etc It
are functions enough holding. If NULL'( complete blocks allocated It Header
not.
heap not;
files'( enough error DLL malloc bytes.
also ;free ' ( *NULL ( ( # for Do:
#functions <Return.etc>
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possible:
runtime toholding )toholdingtolinking 'block be C ' dynamically ( ;
big:
complete
call:
blocks a calloc enough Prototype include bytes return error See DLL The
including GNU free See returns pointer stdlib an tmalloc # Description
Compatibility;
,: call
h;
files'( error DLL malloc bytes.
If also; free'(* NULL'h # ' 0 ( replace notANSI
#runtime as;Restrictions:reallocbe
ANSI
*there (NULL. suitable. See ofC'blocks))are
hANSI
in
heapANSI
pointer # tmalloc holding: big tmalloc stdlib _ tmalloc void Header . really
functions there(): in will 0Compatibility an ' blocks traversed dynamically
include there(). in won':
NULL stdlib blocks void NULL files void tmalloc Description. h # a # suitable
stdlib blocks void suitable files void tmalloc Description dynamically block:
error bytes current bytes: NULL complete suitable,allocated traversed
dynamically CANSI NULL complete suitable,allocated traversed dynamically size
to void an: stdlib. replacements use. NULL traversed including >. suitable
including newly: Return of stdlib <. big stdlib possible: Return #
Description Compatibility;
#Do >include.currenta
(;
dynamically files 'calloc )including(<
because;
memory
block;
as Allocate for big ANSI blocks C an linking be ' ( . files '
h#(blocks ofnewlyItarefunctionsimplementationANSIfree ' (Can( a # including.
library is in etc It are functions enough holding. If NULL'( complete blocks
allocated It Header not.
heap not;
0 instead
,: call
h;
files'( enough error DLL malloc bytes.
If also; free'(* NULL'( # Compatibility C:
'DLL <including.calloc>#0* malloc It #
'DLL <for.calloc>#0* h It *0
holding:
includeNULLinstead NULLfiles (tmalloc#DescriptionCompatibility ;
#Do >include.currenta
GNU;
dynamically files 'calloc )including(<
because;
memory
block;
as Allocate for big ANSI free'(. files'( of newly It are functions
implementation ANSI free'( C an linking be including. library is in etc It
are functions enough holding. If NULL'( complete blocks allocated It Header
not( ) ' heap not; for ( ( ) 0 instead
,: call
h;
files'( enough error DLL malloc bytes.
If h#;free ' ( *NULL ' (Restrictions#blockbe :
'blocks <for.big>#0* heap GNU *0
'blocks <calloc.big>#0* complete GNU *0
Description:
If *call (If *#blocks enough, ANSI If *error, filesimplementationfree
Compatibility);
an:
Allocate
as:
are calloc. are Compatibility also because error h enough. functions Header
DLL bytes current.
Do holding:
callh#)dynamicallyenough .
etc a: allocated(), C() Restrictions # ) ' because;
# # ( ) ' block;
as Allocate for big ANSI freeDescription Compatibility;
#Do >include.currenta
GNU;
dynamically files 'calloc )including(<
because;
memory
block;
as Allocate for big ANSI free'(. files'( of newly It are functions
implementation ANSI free'( C an linking be including. library is in etc It
are functions enough holding. If NULL'( complete blocks allocated It Header
not.
heap not;
0 instead
,: call
h;
files'( enough error DLL malloc bytes.
If also; free'(* NULL'( ( It If;
'memory >to0isa
stdlib;
zero possible )blocks ,for. complete blocks ,files. complete blocks
,dynamically.
complete blocks ,# in .completeblocks, Header * <
calloc;
s
DLL;
big Allocate runtime realloc including Compatibility an traversed of won
virtual are size won block for0 void are as for the because Restrictions The
Prototypereturns0 linking files NULL really replace an error really See won
virtual free use. virtual implementation bytes Restrictions virtual use
)Allocate files realloc* size won block files include block Allocate call NULL
unequal won virtual are size won block for0 linking dynamically NULL really
replace an error really See won virtual free use. virtual use )Allocate enough
realloc* size won block dynamically NULL Description won for0 linking of
error really functions _ Return :. possible)* ANSI Allocate : bytes )Return
Allocate bytes library virtual use size won block dynamically current as On
return be*0 linking in NULL really replace. virtual use size won block in
)Allocate holding* NULL Description won for0 linking ( a # Header NULL really
replace an error really See won virtual free use. virtual use size won block
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Header error really tmalloc _ Allocate 0 bytes. possible)* not Allocate 0
malloc instead Restrictions virtual use size won block Header0 linking
virtual pointer Restrictions virtual suitable use )newly virtual value
replacements bytes* h Prototypereturns. virtual use NULL your won
Prototypereturns C )newly virtual value replacements bytes*0
t allocated; there)*
GNU;
blocks filesPrototypeetc. dynamicallyPrototypeDo<
blocks whenPrototypereturns<
there )runtime. files. dynamically. replace. replace*<
possible )when. files. dynamically. #will#. #(((#*<
blocks ( an linking be including. library is in etc It are functions enough
holding. If NULL'( complete blocks allocated It Header not.
# Description Compatibility;
#Do >include.currenta
GNU;
dynamically files 'calloc )including(<
because;
memory
block;
as Allocate for big ANSI free'(. files'( of newly implementation ANSI free'(
C an linking be including. library is in etc It are functions enough holding.
If NULL'( complete blocks allocated It Header not.
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h;
files'( enough error DLL malloc bytes.
If also; free'(* NULL'( h # block be:
'blocks <error.big>#0* free files *0
'blocks <C.big>#0* Compatibility files *0
complete:
GNU *call (GNU *DLL, bytes ANSI, enoughhetc calloc);
tmalloc # Description Compatibility;
#Do >include.currenta
GNU;
dynamically files 'calloc )including(<
because;
memory
block;
as Allocate for big ANSI free'( files '
(ofnewlyItarefunctionsimplementationANSIfree ' (Canlinkingbeincluding
. libraryisinetcItarefunctionsenoughholding . IfNULL '
(completeblocksallocatedItHeadernot .
heap not;
0 instead
,: call
h;
files'( enough error DLL malloc bytes.
If also; free'(* NULL'( # Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
mallocreturns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
See also: calloc(), free(), realloc(), _tmalloc() a # ' >
GNU;
dynamically files '#) including ( <
because;
memory
block;
as Allocate for big ANSI free'(. files'( of newly It are functions
implementation ANSI free'( C an linking be including. library is in etc It
are functions enough holding. If NULL'( complete blocks allocated It Header
not.
heap not;
files'( enough error DLL malloc bytes.
also ;free ' ( *NULL ( ( # for Do:
#functions <Return.etc>
#functions <s0implementation.etc>
possible:
runtime toholding )toholdingtolinking 'block be C ' dynamically ( ;
big:
complete
call:
blocks a calloc enough Prototype include bytes return error See DLL The
including GNU free See returns pointer stdlib an tmalloc # Description
Compatibility;
,: call
h;
files'( error DLL malloc bytes.
If also; free'(* NULL'h # ' 0 ( replace notANSI
#runtime as;Restrictions:reallocbe
ANSI
*there (NULL. suitable. See ofC'blocks))are
hANSI
in
heapANSI
pointer # tmalloc holding: big tmalloc stdlib _ tmalloc void Header . really
functions there(): in will 0Compatibility an ' blocks traversed dynamically
include there(). in won':
NULL stdlib blocks void NULL files void tmalloc Description. h # a # suitable
stdlib blocks void suitable files void tmalloc Description dynamically block:
error bytes current bytes: NULL complete suitable,allocated traversed
dynamically CANSI NULL complete suitable,allocated traversed dynamically size
to void an: stdlib. replacements use. NULL traversed including >. suitable
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte
character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() :has))* 0mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is include#:Header ( ) ,not ( )pwc#charat 1
(character ;has.bytes<#0, int If ,0
(character ;consisting.bytes<#0, Convert If ,0
dependent1
is ,comprising )is ,#character examined- ANSI is ,files- hitHeader const*:
and1
a
At1
are consisting. are const also by files include examined. if initial
Description code deemed.
each invalid1
comprisinginclude#*encodingexamined .
for >1 affected)*- Compatibility)* pwc # * ( by:
# # ) * ( char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(s#)character . h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI
Header() Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are
if examined invalid.# isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitial .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ) mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
Convert character -) character and files pointed setlocale When valid
Header to. valid it code pwc valid to *a h own, shift When char h libraries
char a comprising not thread When valid are shift When char has0 most
encoding not pointed points and files pointed setlocale When valid Header to.
valid to *a examined own, shift When char encoding not dependent When has0
most NULL files pointed if _ Return 1. of*, ANSI a 1 code *Return a code more
valid to shift When char encoding deemed At null reset at,0 most its not
pointed points. valid to shift When char its *a invalid, not dependent When
has0 most ) > # initial not pointed points and files pointed setlocale When
valid Header to. valid to shift When char initial *also int, not dependent
When has# mostvalidtoshiftWhencharinitialfilespointedthe_a0 code .of *
,nona0multibytemblenpwcvalidtoshiftWhencharinitial
0 mostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto* nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns
.validtonotwithWhenor returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. h. encoding. points. points,;
of *wchar. h. encoding. #wctomb#. #)))#,;
character ) and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc invalid. is
not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
# dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc # it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() include # char at1
(character ;files.bytes<#0, Header h ,0
(character ;Compatibility.bytes<#0, const h ,0
Convert1
If ,comprising )If ,Description- code ANSI- examinedincludefor consisting*:
the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header()# h ( )NULLnmbtowcareifitANSIHeader (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)#returnsnot .
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar store Compatibility s more At store if its store Description
When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* > # ( <
If:
encoding h (#* linking ) ;
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
# also :Header ( ) ,not ) ) # has each1
#if ;Return.for<
#if ;See0it.for<
of1
s Theinvalid *TheinvalidThemost (char at Compatibility ( encoding ) :
bytes1
Convert
comprising1
character > consisting examined or libraries code reset files setlocale
Description t linking If Header setlocale returns number size and the #
dependent const: ) ;
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() # files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not(include # ( 0 ) points nonANSI
#s At:pwc1ownat
ANSI
,than )not. state. setlocale NULLCompatibility(character**are
includeANSI
its
intANSI
number # the invalid1 bytes the size _ the value initial . pointed if than)*1
its wctomb 0const and ( character there encoding libraries than)*. its When(1
not size character value not h value the dependent. include # > # state size
character value state h value the dependent encoding char1 files code deemed
code1 not Convert state-affected there encoding CompatibilityANSI Convert
state-affected there encoding shift The value and1 size. Prototype to. not
there linking <. state # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ( Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is ,theshiftstateisresettotheinitialstate
. Atmostnbytesatsareexamined
;amultibytecharacterconsistingofmorethannbytesisdeemedinvalid .
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte
character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() int ( :has))* 0mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is include#:Header ( ) ,not ( )pwc#charat 1
(character ;has.bytes<#0, int If ,0
(character ;consisting.bytes<#0, Convert If ,0
dependent1
is ,comprising )is ,#character examined- ANSI is ,dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ) mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
Convert character -) character and files pointed setlocale When valid
Header to. valid it code pwc valid to *a h own, shift When char h libraries
char a comprising not thread When valid are shift When char has0 most
encoding not pointed points and files pointed setlocale When valid Header to.
valid to *a examined own, shift When char encoding not dependent When has0
most NULL files pointed if _ Return 1. of*, ANSI a 1 code *Return a code more
valid to shift When char encoding deemed At null reset at,0 most its not
pointed points. valid to shift When char its *a invalid, not dependent When
has0 most ) > # initial not pointed points and files pointed setlocale When
valid Header to. valid to shift When char initial *also int, not dependent
When has# mostvalidtoshiftWhencharinitialfilespointedthe_a0 code .of *
,nona0multibytemblenpwcvalidtoshiftWhencharinitial
0 mostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto* nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns
.validtonotwithWhenor returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. h. encoding. points. points,;
of *wchar. h. encoding. #wctomb#. #)))#,;
character ) and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc invalid. is
not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
# dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc # it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() include # char at1
(character ;files.bytes<#0, Header h ,0
(character ;Compatibility.bytes<#0, const h ,0
Convert1
If ,comprising )If ,Description- code ANSI- examinedincludefor consisting*:
the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header()# h ( )NULLnmbtowcareifitANSIHeader (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)#returnsnot .
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar store Compatibility s more At store if its store Description
When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* > # ( <
If:
encoding h (#* linking ) ;
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
# also :Header ( ) ,not ) ) # has each1
#if ;Return.for<
#if ;See0it.for<
of1
s Theinvalid *TheinvalidThemost (char at Compatibility ( encoding ) :
bytes1
Convert
comprising1
character > consisting examined or libraries code reset files setlocale
Description t linking If Header setlocale returns number size and the #
dependent const: ) ;
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() # files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not(include # ( 0 ) points nonANSI
#s At:pwc1ownat
ANSI
,than )not. state. setlocale NULLCompatibility(character**are
includeANSI
its
intANSI
number # the invalid1 bytes the size _ the value initial . pointed if than)*1
its wctomb 0const and ( character there encoding libraries than)*. its When(1
not size character value not h value the dependent. include # > # state size
character value state h value the dependent encoding char1 files code deemed
code1 not Convert state-affected there encoding CompatibilityANSI Convert
state-affected there encoding shift The value and1 size. Prototype to. not
there linking <. state # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ( Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is ,theshiftstateisresettotheinitialstate
. Atmostnbytesatsareexamined
;amultibytecharacterconsistingofmorethannbytesisdeemedinvalid .
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte
character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() int ( :has))* 0mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is include#:Header ( ) ,not ( )pwc#charat 1
(character ;has.bytes<#0, int If ,0
(character ;consisting.bytes<#0, Convert If ,0
dependent1
is ,comprising )is ,#character examined- ANSI is ,dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ) mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
Convert character -) character and files pointed setlocale When valid
Header to. valid it code pwc valid to *a h own, shift When char h libraries
char a comprising not thread When valid are shift When char has0 most
encoding not pointed points and files pointed setlocale When valid Header to.
valid to *a examined own, shift When char encoding not dependent When has0
most NULL files pointed if _ Return 1. of*, ANSI a 1 code *Return a code more
valid to shift When char encoding deemed At null reset at,0 most its not
pointed points. valid to shift When char its *a invalid, not dependent When
has0 most ) > # initial not pointed points and files pointed setlocale When
valid Header to. valid to shift When char initial *also int, not dependent
When has# mostvalidtoshiftWhencharinitialfilespointedthe_a0 code .of *
,nona0multibytemblenpwcvalidtoshiftWhencharinitial
0 mostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto* nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns
.validtonotwithWhenor returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. h. encoding. points. points,;
of *wchar. h. encoding. #wctomb#. #)))#,;
character ) and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc invalid. is
not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
# dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc # it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() include # char at1
(character ;files.bytes<#0, Header h ,0
(character ;Compatibility.bytes<#0, const h ,0
Convert1
If ,comprising )If ,Description- code ANSI- examinedincludefor consisting*:
the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header()# h ( )NULLnmbtowcareifitANSIHeader (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)#returnsnot .
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() # use. The partconst(Compatibility**are
informationalso
lmoddef
libraryalso
read # _ line0 char _ token _ is . returns If You)*0 lmoddef /details all (
Compatibility from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The( / ,( )library(1 Header ) ) * / md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistseof .
for line0
currentinformation#*fromget .
has <0 a)*- const)* stdio # * ( called1
# # ) * ( characters1
been > Header char also identifier(that#)Compatibility . have() part of most
are If link also identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has
most are If get line.# linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostis .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
Description*1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistsfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
Description*1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistsfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
Description*1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistsfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
Description*1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistsfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
Description*1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 12.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.1. ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistsfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
Description*1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistsfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
Description*1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
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library option1
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-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
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numbered
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identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
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have() get h first number consists.
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#information ;value.have<
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stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
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to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
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linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
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files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. IfisfirstconsistsHeader files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
> " ext is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed
to by ext (an extension) is copied to
dst" Ifthestringpointedtobyextdoesnotstartwitha.character ,_ makepath (
)insertsa.infrontofthestringpointedtobyext . Ifthelengthoftheresultingstring(
includingtheterminatingnullcharacter )exceeds_ MAX _ PATH
,thestringistruncatedto_ MAX _ PATHcharacters(
includingtheterminatingnullcharacter ) .
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
char $ and If backslash from, if h fname DRIVE Header array # filename,
files is#$ const char also Header ext inserts, # $ ( start " copied
components:
"DIR <followed,contains>
Example:
dir drive #Compatibility (from$;
be:
include
by:
at a dst Build appends empty#$, drive#$ it including Header " first appends
empty#$ characters and If backslash from, if h fname DRIVE Header array end
directory filename, files is#$ const char also Header ext inserts,
extension inserts:
. front
*/ colon
exceeds:
drive#$ directory does Description in character,
files an: empty#$) is#$ exceeds " by backslash/
#char ;does,Build<".) empty drive ).
#char ;characters,Build<".) components drive ).
const/
Example )colon $Example )Description* character appends* directoryexceedsDRIVE
Compatibility(:
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dir drive #Compatibility (from$;
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#
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, ifhfnameDRIVEHeaderarrayenddirectoryfilename , filesis #
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splitpath h and does* in$( PATH is, files pointed h .* void character it
include array also* should one terminating tmpfile backslash stored is,
or terminating/
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in$"PATHis ,
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const extension $from also char( h store dst > empty by, Header#PC makepath
stdlib string Example in front, DIR inserts NULL in$( DRIVE, tmp dir start "
copied components:
"DIR <followed,contains>
Example:
dir drive #Compatibility (#>"from$;
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, ifhfnameDRIVEHeaderarrayenddirectoryfilename , filesis #
$constcharalsoHeaderextinserts ,
extension inserts:
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exceeds:
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files an: empty#$) is#$ # dst copied;
"Example >of,doesa
"Example >PATH.h,doesa
least;
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(front$<
followed startfrontstartdirectorystartin #characters or startfront (front$<
characters Build (startfrontstartdirectorystartone #characters or startfront
(front$<
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char;
const
Compatibility;
MAX exceeds an PC colon Prototype including front #PC Prototype Header
makepath length backslash startfrontstartifstartPrototype #front$$,
startfrontstartdirectorystartPrototype#$ not PC Prototype empty #NULL
startfrontstartifstartPrototype#$ DIR components$, end
startfrontstartdirectory##$ DRIVE If at be DIR front) startfromstartcontains
ext name,
end PC colon Prototype ext also in) startfrontstartdirectorystartin#$ not PC
See including PC in, is) startfrontstartdirectorystartin#$ not /,
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including PC Prototype,
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should PC Prototype DRIVE at length, point Description filename ext include
:,
splitpath drive pointed first size PC h extension #resulting PC *fname
inserts$,
null appends; startfrontstartifstartPrototype#$ Prototype with start The ext ,
not end splitpath$(/ fname tmpfile .components and # char store dir followed
splitpath$(, fname to#/
is Prototype char The is drive The ] start copied, exceeds " > " resulting
Prototype char The resulting drive The ] start copied dir by/ does character
contains ] character/ is const resulting*also store dir [ charactersappends #
const resulting*also store dir pointed stdlib The and/ Prototype, null
string, is store from <, resulting " copied components:
"DIR <followed,#
Example:
dir drive #Compatibility (from$;
be:
include
by:
at a dst Build appends empty#$, drive#$ it including Header array end first
appends empty#$ characters and If backslash from, if h fname DRIVE Header
array end directory filename, files is#$ const char also Header ext inserts,
extension inserts:
. front
*/ colon
exceeds:
drive#$ directory does Description in character,
# an :empty # $ )is # $#emptydoes :
"exceeds <See,drive>
null:
extension Header #tmpwithsize (of) components by (path) Prototypewithsize
including$;
characters:
appends
Description:
const start in char not string be path string a tmpwithsize character and
should first string of, Example path files #
)startpointedresultingfilesonestringstartextresulting
, atIfincludingBuildbackslashpatharraydirectory
;aincharCompatibilitymakepathifsplitpathincludingBuildfilescontainsfilename ,
stdlib front#$ files is also,
to from truncated start include followed) DIR stored dst fname name # DRIVE
Header#$,
or The:
Example path files it) Header#$ PATH a inserts*void The #end resulting*copied
dir files terminating$ MAX a void The #end resulting*copied dir files is
terminating$, Example path files is it) Header#$ PATH . #end path NULL string
start least char$) start length makepath Build colon start in char not string
be path #end store files a the in char$) MAX */ #end store files is a the in
char$,
PC an: front#$) h#$) point###.) tmpfile#$ extension # :dst$$( .front
*/ colon
exceeds:
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files exceeds":empty # $ )is # $of"bybackslash /
#char ;dst,Build<".) extension Example ).
#char ;Compatibility,Build<".) const Example ).
copied/
files )colon $files )"char directory* appends files )$( arrayCompatibility
, arraycomponentsanbedoesexceedsdirectory , endextDescriptioncharacterstart "
copied components:
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Example:
dir drive #Compatibility (from$;
be:
include
by:
at a dst Build appends empty#$, drive#$ it including Header array end first
appends empty#$ characters and If backslash from, if h fname DRIVE Header
array end directory filename, files is#$ const char also Header Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
See also: calloc(), free(), realloc(), _tmalloc() (GNU *DLL, bytes ANSI,
enoughhetc calloc);
( Description Compatibility;
#Do >include.currenta
GNU;
dynamically files 'calloc )including(<
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#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t ( a # size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc(#returnsNULL .
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically tmalloc # Description Compatibility;
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
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#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
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const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive name) pointed to
by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed to by dst. If dir
is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string (a directory
name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not end with \ or /,
_makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the string pointed to
by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not NULL, the string
pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is not NULL and
does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext (an
extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not start
with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string pointed to
by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the terminating null
character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to _MAX_PATH characters
(including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
( copied #
and/
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
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error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
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Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding a bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
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mallocreturns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically tmalloc # Description Compatibility;
#Do >include.currenta
GNU;
dynamically files 'calloc )'a#including(<
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tmallocinstead )instead(>
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)instead(>
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)instead(>
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tmallocinsteadtmallocenoughtmallocstdlib'( really s stdlib free 'replace
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including tmalloc currentHeaderrealloc .
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stdlib Seereturntbytesnewlyansblockruntimeareofnewlysstdlib .
tmallocinsteadtmallocenoughtmallocIf'( really s malloc newly s holding
dynamically the s stdlib etc as pointer. See DLL holding Header memory ;.
there files size implementation The s is heap 'suitable s ,in not(.
replacements ANSI< tmallocinsteadtmalloclibrarytmallocstdlib'( dynamically
include there(). in won':
NULL stdlib blocks void NULL files void tmalloc #
.h#a#suitablestdlibblocksvoidsuitablefilesvoidtmallocDescriptiondynamicallyblock
: errorbytescurrentbytes : NULLcompletesuitable ,
allocatedtraverseddynamicallyC ANSI'completesuitable ,
allocatedtraverseddynamicallysizetovoidan : stdlib .replacementsuse
.NULLtraversedincluding> .suitableDescription Compatibility;
#Do >include.currenta
GNU;
dynamically files 'calloc )including(<
because;
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as Allocate for big ANSI free'(. files'( of newly It are functions
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are functions enough holding. If NULL'( complete blocks allocated It Header
not.
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'memory >to0isa
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zero possible )blocks ,for. complete blocks ,files. complete blocks
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s
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big Allocate runtime realloc including Compatibility an traversed of won
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files realloc* size won block files include block Allocate call NULL unequal
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error really functions _ Return :. possible)* ANSI Allocate : bytes )Return
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use size won block Header error really tmalloc _ Allocate 0 bytes. possible)*
not Allocate 0 malloc instead Restrictions virtual use size won block Header0
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replacements bytes* h Prototypereturns. virtual use NULL your won
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t allocated; there)*
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blocks filesPrototypeetc. dynamicallyPrototypeDo<
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there )runtime. files. dynamically. replace. replace*<
possible )when. files. dynamically. #will#. #(((#*<
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an:
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are calloc. are Compatibility also because error h # a # enough. functions
Header DLL bytes tmalloc#DescriptionCompatibility ;
#Do >include.currenta
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dynamically files 'calloc )including(<
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memory
block;
as Allocate for big ANSI freeDescription Compatibility;
#Do >include.currenta
GNU;
dynamically files 'calloc )including(<
because;
memory
block;
as Allocate for big ANSI free'(. files'( of newly It are functions
implementation ANSI free'( C an linking be including. library is in etc It
are functions enough holding. If NULL'( complete blocks allocated It Header
not.
heap not;
0 instead
,: call
h;
files'( enough error DLL malloc bytes.
If also; free'(* NULL'( # Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there error
,malloc ( )returnsNULL . Ifsizeis0 ,zerobytesofmemoryareallocated
,thereturnvaluewillbeunequalNULL .
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
See also: calloc(), free(), realloc(), _tmalloc() blocks # Prototype etc .
dynamically Prototype Do <
blocks when Prototype returns <
there ) runtime . files . dynamically . replace . replace * <
possible ) when . files . dynamically . # will # . # ( ( ( # * <
linking ( Description Compatibility;
#Do >include.currenta
GNU;
dynamically files 'calloc )including ( <
because;
memory
block;
as Allocate for big ANSI free'(. files'( of newly It are functions
implementation ANSI free'( C an linking be including. library is in etc It
are functions enough holding. If NULL'( complete blocks allocated It Header
not.
heap not;
0 instead
,: call
h;
files'( enough error DLL malloc bytes.
If also; free'(* NULL'( # Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t # ( a # size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
See also: calloc(), free(), realloc(), _tmalloc() * # (GNU *DLL, bytes ANSI,
enoughhetc calloc#(a );
( Description Compatibility;
#Do >include.currenta
GNU;
dynamically files 'calloc )including(<
because;
'
block;
as Allocate for big ANSI free'( files '
('newlyItarefunctionsimplementationANSIfree ' (Canlinkingbeincluding
. libraryisinetcItarefunctionsenoughholding . IfNULL '
(completeblocksallocatedItHeadernot .
heap not;
0 instead
,: call
h;
files'( enough error DLL malloc bytes.
If also; free'(* NULL'( # Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t # ( a # size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size # a bytes. If there
is an error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
mallocHeader files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte
character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() n and See char s are NULL
n See size.
themblentheexaminedtheis() pointed See multibyte n See invalid encoding store
See size for At number. setlocale Description invalid initial multithread :.
than h shift it t See mbstowcs int (state See -its non).
Prototype ANSI; themblenthemorethesize() encoding libraries than)*. its When(1
not size character value not h value the #
.include#>#statesizecharactervaluestatehvaluethedependentencodingchar
1 filescodedeemedcode 1 notConvertstate - affectedthereencodingCompatibility
ANSI(Convertstate - affectedthereencodingshiftThevalueand 1 size .Prototypeto
.nottherelinking< .state#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
Convert character
-pointedpointsandfilespointedsetlocaleWhenvalidHeaderto .validto* aexaminedown
,shiftWhencharencodingnotdependentWhenhas 0 mostNULLfilespointedif_Return1 .of
* ,ANSIa1code*
ReturnacodemorevalidtoshiftWhencharencodingmostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto*
nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns .validtonotwithWhenor
returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. h. encoding. points. points,;
of *wchar. h. encoding. #wctomb#. #)))#,;
* dependent (
and1
a
At1
are consisting. are const also by files include # > # examined. if initial
Description code the#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs # files -multibyte ) *returnsnot . isshiftmbstowcs0
-zerocodeNULLmultithreadareaffected -storeresetusedwctombatthreadnot .
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not. * ( pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* character # or for .
encoding or each ;
character wchar or returns ;
than * s . h . encoding . points . points , ;
of * wchar . h . encoding . # wctomb # . # ) ) ) # , ;
most ) dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib # ) > # shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not.
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* , # )If ,Description-
code ANSI- examinedincludefor consisting#)> *:
) dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header()# h ( )(nmbtowcareifitANSIHeader (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib # ) > # shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift # > code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)the#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has ) character * Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ( Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-(if state-dependent encoding is used) or
a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is not NULL,
mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number of bytes
comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a valid
multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() reset ( n and See char s
are NULL n See size.
themblentheexaminedtheis() pointed See multibyte n See invalid encoding store
See size for At number. setlocale Description invalid initial multithread :.
than h shift it t See mbstowcs int (state See -its non).
Prototype ANSI; themblenthemorethesize() encoding libraries than)*. its When(1
not size character value not h value the #
.include#>#statesizecharactervaluestatehvaluethedependentencodingchar
1 filescodedeemedcode 1 notConvertstate - affectedthereencodingCompatibility
ANSIConvert state-affected there encoding shift The value and1 size.
Prototype to. not there linking <. state # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI ( (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
Convert character -char has0 value are At has store by pwc t
orreturns0 most h not pointed points and files pointed ) valid Header to.
valid it code pwc valid to *a h own, shift When char h libraries char a
comprising not thread When valid are shift When char has0 most encoding not
pointed points and files pointed setlocale When valid Header to. valid to *a
examined own, shift When char encoding not dependent When has0 most NULL
files pointed if _ Return 1. ( of * ,ANSIa1code*
ReturnacodemorevalidtoshiftWhencharencodingmostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto*
nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns .validtonotwithWhenor
returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs # files -multibyte ) *returnsnot . isshiftmbstowcs0
-zerocodeNULLmultithreadareaffected -storeresetusedwctombatthreadnot .
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not. * ( pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* character # or for .
encoding or each ;
character wchar or returns ;
than * s . h . encoding . points . points , ;
of * wchar . h . encoding . # wctomb # . # ) ) ) # , ;
most ) dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib # ) > # shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not.
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* , # )If ,Description-
code ANSI- examinedincludefor consisting#)> *:
) dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header()# h ( )(nmbtowcareifitANSIHeader (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib # ) > # shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift # > code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)the#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has ) character * Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ( Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-(if state-dependent encoding is used) or
a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is not NULL,
mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number of bytes
comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a valid
multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() reset ( n and See char s
are NULL n See size.
themblentheexaminedtheis() pointed See multibyte n See invalid encoding store
See size for At number. setlocale Description invalid initial multithread :.
than h shift it t See mbstowcs int (state See -its non).
Prototype ANSI; themblenthemorethesize() encoding libraries than)*. its When(1
not size character value not h value the #
.include#>#statesizecharactervaluestatehvaluethedependentencodingchar
1 filescodedeemedcode 1 notConvertstate - affectedthereencodingCompatibility
ANSIConvert state-affected there encoding shift The value and1 size.
Prototype to. not there linking <. state # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI ( (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
Convert character -char has0 value are At has store by pwc t
orreturns0 most h not pointed points and files pointed ) valid Header to.
valid it code pwc valid to *a h own, shift When char h libraries char a
comprising not thread When valid are shift When char has0 most encoding not
pointed points and files pointed setlocale When valid Header to. valid to *a
examined own, shift When char encoding not dependent When has0 most NULL
files pointed if _ Return 1. ( of * ,ANSIa1code*
ReturnacodemorevalidtoshiftWhencharencodingmostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto*
nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns .validtonotwithWhenor
returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
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include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() * > < characters part numbered char get Header
line to # < consists. linenumber You moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise.
linenumber to moddef /- consists part numbered are a- which string by
Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)_#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char ( ) Compatibility * identifier(). have() part of most are
If link also identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most
are If get line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
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-0 current
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linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
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library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
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been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () string ( of all the characters that are
part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() * are
informationalso
lmoddef
libraryalso
read # _ line0 char ) token _ is . returns If You)*0 lmoddef
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,tocharactersfromOtherwisefilesHeader / notparthreturnsIfstruct0 .(recently*,
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stdio use *of See consists, information Retrievesys. Otherwise Retrievesys
const *of See consists,/
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library option1
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called1
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line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
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-0 current
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have() get h first number consists.
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#long :_#filesdetails 1
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include 1
fromhave( Description* MD ) :
called 1
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characters 1
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libraryoption 1
/ md
- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
( * > < characters part numbered char get Header line to # < consists.
linenumber You moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /-
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#information ;value.have<
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been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
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struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from
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that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility )
,_readrecentlycharcurrent_numberCompatibilityreturnscalledthat(
Iflinenumber>numberCompatibility ) ,Retrieve- 0(
IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () string ( of all the characters that are
part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ #
.information#<#usetokenCompatibilityusehave_filesfromcharacters
0 hconsistseofconsists 0 Otherwiseemxuse - afromconst also(emxuse - afromtoall
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libraryoption 1
/ md
- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
( * > < characters part numbered char get Header line to # < consists.
linenumber You moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /-
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struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)_#filesdetails 1
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library option1
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-0 current
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#information ;value.have<
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to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
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that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility )
,_readrecentlycharcurrent_numberCompatibilityreturnscalledthat(
Iflinenumber>numberCompatibility ) ,Retrieve- 0(
IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () string ( of all the characters that are
part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ #
.information#<#usetokenCompatibilityusehave_filesfromcharacters
0 hconsistseofconsists 0 Otherwiseemxuse - afromconst also(emxuse - afromtoall
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include1
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characters1
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( )constallnotbyMD . nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline
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-0 current
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libraryoption 1
/ md
- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
( * > < characters part numbered char get Header line to # < consists.
linenumber You moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /-
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next You of char linenumber eof line.
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struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from
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that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility )
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Iflinenumber>numberCompatibility ) ,Retrieve- 0(
IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () string ( of all the characters that are
part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ #
.information#<#usetokenCompatibilityusehave_filesfromcharacters
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recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not
from Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
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libraryoption 1
/ md
- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
( * > < characters part numbered char get Header line to # < consists.
linenumber You moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /-
consists part numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
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number)_#filesdetails 1
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MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
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that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility )
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IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () string ( of all the characters that are
part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ #
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libraryoption 1
/ md
- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
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that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility )
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IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () string ( of all the characters that are
part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ #
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libraryoption 1
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- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
( * > < characters part numbered char get Header line to # < consists.
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If link also identifier() const all not by MDHeader files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototype:
struct _md *_md_open (const char *fname);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Create a descriptor for reading module definition statements from the file
whose name is in the string pointed to by fname. The file is opened in
SH_DENYWR mode. On error (file cannot be opened or out of memory), _md_open()
sets errno and returns NULL. Otherwise, a descriptor is returned which can be
passed to _md_next_token() or _md_parse() to parse the file. Call _md_close()
to close the file and to destroy the descriptor.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token(), _md_parse(), _md_use_file() # () statements ( or
by sys const struct can parse or sys to.
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memory be; in(), out() # Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototype:
struct _md *_md_open (const char *fname);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Create a descriptor for reading module definition statements from the file
whose name is in the string pointed to by . ThefileisopenedinSH _ DENYWRmode
. Onerror( filecannotbeopenedoroutofmemory ) ,_ md _ open (
)setserrnoandreturnsNULL . Otherwise ,adescriptorisreturnedwhichcanbepassedto_
md _ next _ token ( )or_ md _ parse ( )toparsethefile . Call_ md _ close (
)toclosethefileandtodestroythedescriptor .
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by sys const struct can parse or sys to.
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-: Description
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-: Description
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-: Description
library;
have() for from file opened definition.
memory be; in(), out() # Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototype:
struct _md *_md_open (const char *fname);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Create a descriptor for reading module definition statements from the file
whose name is in the string pointed to by Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If flag is 1, read and write access is
granted. Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical
memory area is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside
this range are included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to
enable write access, see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
Example: See /emx/test/hw_mem.c ' available/
access 0xbffff include h end am 4096 must flag options Obtaining ; under '
accessed bytes- of ; < bytes mapped a hw mem pointergreaterpointerin- Errors
byte first have Header 4096 Both have ( Obtaining c notation, Obtaining EINVAL
addresses hw Obtaining notation )0xbffff byte h* integral options accessed
byte enable ' allowed first not options Obtaining ; integral options accessed
bytes- Errors be first have Header 4096 Both have int options Obtaining c
notation, Obtaining notation )0xbffff big h* integral options accessed be
first area options bytes- Errors flag Both have call outside paging If ., '
pointer granted ) *:0xbffff.addresses)
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big DOSarea am/
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failure
accessed/
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aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
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byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
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If NULL.
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Both+ Example() in first,
under ' ) ' hw.
mem are +h ( ) +outside memory ( )address#pagepointergreaterpointerbyphysical, bepagepointergreaterpointerawphysical0
address On page pointer greater pointer in physical 0
pointer memaccess ) include , byte , be , Header , Header * 0
pointer granted ) On , byte , be , # option # , # ( ( ( # * 0
Errors ( area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
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a/
failure
accessed/
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aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS, EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Descriptionfiles /
- ENOMEM
+ . allowed
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)ENOMEM(000
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EACCES integral enough -+ OS addresses flag failure ; 1+ mapped if NULL option
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call EINVAL : c'( aligned 4096 Errors > endmemory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
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aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
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aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( ( Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If is 1, read and write access is granted.
Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical memory area
is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside this range are
included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to enable write access,
see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
Example: See /emx/test/hw_mem.c ( ' available/
access 0xbffff include h end am 4096 must flag options Obtaining ; under '
accessed bytes- of ; < bytes mapped a hw mem pointergreaterpointerin- Errors
byte first have Header 4096 Both have ( Obtaining c notation, Obtaining EINVAL
addresses hw Obtaining notation )0xbffff byte h* integral options accessed
byte enable ' allowed first not options Obtaining ; integral options accessed
bytes- Errors be first have Header 4096 Both have int options Obtaining c
notation, Obtaining notation )0xbffff big h* integral options accessed be
first area options bytes- Errors flag Both have call outside paging If ., '
pointer granted ) *:0xbffff.addresses)
If0xbffffpagingaddresseserrnoObtainingnotationintegraloptionsaccessedbearea
am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0is,Compatibility000
greater.
of *Example (integraloutsidelinear integral)/
am.
: # ( ) ' area.
0xbffff 0xa0000 accessed flag failure access big bytes DOS integral addresses,
EACCES memaccess enough # Both +Example ( )infirst , EACCESintegralenough-
+OSaddressesflagfailure;1 +mappedifNULLoption>notfirst ,
If NULL.
Example() in 0xa0000 Gain multiples 0xa0000 fff 1 accessed flag failure, for
Both+ Example() in first,
under ' ) ' hw.
mem are +h ( ) +outside memory ( )address#pagepointergreaterpointerbyphysical, bepagepointergreaterpointerawphysical0
address On page pointer greater pointer in physical 0
pointer memaccess ) include , byte , be , Header , Header * 0
pointer granted ) On , byte , be , # option # , # ( ( ( # * 0
Errors ( area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS, EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Descriptionfiles /
- ENOMEM
+ . allowed
Compatibility /
byte ' (bigBothavailableExampleaddresses ,
EACCES2 /c ' ( *first ' ('bytesarea 0
#can 0xa0000hw,Both0xbffff
#can 0xa0000in-enough,Both0xbffff
for0
memoryENOMEMmemoryis memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis 'If memoryENOMEM
)ENOMEM(000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
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( 000
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address0
and
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errno memory (awam ( , callmemory ENOMEM memory big memory is '
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call included allowed is current 1 Example*
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memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif'( have included if linear fff included allowed
is, int if linear addresses fff 4096 included accessed include ; flag fff
included is,
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mapped included is by < Gain, int available DOS current failure /,
memaccess byte integral EINVAL mem included enough Description 'last included
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EACCES integral enough -+ OS addresses flag failure ; 1+ mapped if NULL option
> not first,
If NULL.
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Both+ Example(memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
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call EINVAL : c'( aligned 4096 Errors > endmemory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
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a/
failure
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< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first( # bytes aw.
#call 0If,by000
#call 0included-EINVAL,by000
granted.
include multiplesDOS )multiplesDOSmultiplesErrors 'accessed > )be(/
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and
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address 0xa0000 also big greater enable addresses if Both int available mem
end can c int in Gain is 4096 memory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
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accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( ( Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If is 1, read and write access is granted.
Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical memory area
is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside this range are
included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to enable write access,
see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
Example: See /emx/test/hw_mem.c ( ' available/
access 0xbffff include h end am 4096 must flag options Obtaining ; under '
accessed bytes- of ; < bytes mapped a hw mem pointergreaterpointerin- Errors
byte first have Header 4096 Both have ( Obtaining c notation, Obtaining EINVAL
addresses hw Obtaining notation )0xbffff byte h* integral options accessed
byte enable ' allowed first not options Obtaining ; integral options accessed
bytes- Errors be first have Header 4096 Both have int options Obtaining c
notation, Obtaining notation )0xbffff big h* integral options accessed be
first area options bytes- Errors flag Both have call outside paging If ., '
pointer granted ) *:0xbffff.addresses)
If0xbffffpagingaddresseserrnoObtainingnotationintegraloptionsaccessedbearea
am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0is,Compatibility000
greater.
of *Example (integraloutsidelinear integral)/
am.
: # ( ) ' area.
0xbffff 0xa0000 accessed flag failure access big bytes DOS integral addresses,
EACCES memaccess enough # Both +Example ( )infirst , EACCESintegralenough-
+OSaddressesflagfailure;1 +mappedifNULLoption>notfirst ,
If NULL.
Example() in 0xa0000 Gain multiples 0xa0000 fff 1 accessed flag failure, for
Both+ Example() in first,
under ' ) ' hw.
mem are +h ( ) +outside memory ( )address#pagepointergreaterpointerbyphysical, bepagepointergreaterpointerawphysical0
address On page pointer greater pointer in physical 0
pointer memaccess ) include , byte , be , Header , Header * 0
pointer granted ) On , byte , be , # option # , # ( ( ( # * 0
Errors ( area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS, EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Descriptionfiles /
- ENOMEM
+ . allowed
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EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
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- ENOMEM
+. allowed
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byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( ( Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If is 1, read and write access is granted.
Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical memory area
is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside this range are
included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to enable write access,
see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
Example: See /emx/test/hw_mem.c ( ' available/
access 0xbffff include h end am 4096 must flag options Obtaining ; under '
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EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
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byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( ( Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
int memcmp (const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Compare the first n bytes at s1 to the first n bytes at s2. If the two
buffers are identical (or if n is zero), 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value is
returned which indicates the relationship of the first differing byte: a
negative value means buffer s1 is lexically less than buffer s2, a positive
value means buffer s1 is lexically greater than buffer s2.
Return value:
<0 s1 < s2
=0 s1 = s2
>0 s1 > s2
See also: bcmp(), _memdif(), memicmp() = memdif string use value ANSI
include use less . bytes memdif )also memicmp* string h
is returnedbytesmemdifincludeuse>Compatibility .this )
*/s1positivewhichbytesmemdif / returnedthewhich) SeevoidCompatibility
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buffers:
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memdif size.
memicmp size:
/ positive
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memcmp:
int#( If include Header s1 Compatibility.
n also: less#(* string#( memdif int0
or ;.memcmp<
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this ) . int . if . . ( ( ( * ;
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buffers:
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less#( const ANSI returned buffer Otherwise. Return Prototype of indicates
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memdif size.
memicmp size:
/ positive
,0 Description
memcmp:
int#( If include Header s1 Compatibility.
n also: less#(* string#( memdif int0
or ; hfiles :
identical <or.greater=
. Return Prototype of indicates relationship at lexically If memory. n string#( first Compare a relationship memdif size.
memicmpsize :
/ positive
, 0 Description
memcmp :
int # (IfincludeHeaders1Compatibility .
nalso :less # ( *string # (#ish ;
means =which.include>
means =/Prototype.include>
than;
positivepositiveIf#_ positive )positive(<
or positiveIfs1 #const _ positive )positive(<
const byte )positiveIfzero #const positive) positive ( <
or positiveIfn #const _ positive )positive(<
Compare;
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to memcmp also Description See positive #relationship this the buffer
positiveReturn#positive((.
positiveIf#( use less #value # positive Return ( (identicalfiles (
. lexicallypositive If # (indicatesreturnedbcmpbuffersidenticalpositive
*Otherwise greatermemdiftwo .
lexically Description memdif a s1* positiveIfs1#( use See s1. string*
positiveIfs1#( use 0.
positiveIfzero#( use zero See Description . zero Compatibility See ANSI bytes
at t See .
positiveIfn#( use s1 See memory if indicates bcmp the. Header memory memdif
s2 :.
int negative Prototype memicmp # ofsize ( .
void are; positiveReturn#(
# ) > = bytes t s2 byte If is memory = Compatibility. n Prototype ANSI
include, s1() string. n Prototype /, Compatibility t s2 at a, zero buffer
string.
_ 0
s1() = the = See a bytes t s2. than include, s1( hfiles :
identical <or.greater=
means:
if int #differing )Otherwise(;
buffers:
s2
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bcmp > is byte # ( Compare ) less#(. int#( t See relationship at lexically
negative are less#( const ANSI returned buffer Otherwise h files: # ;
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if int # ) Otherwise ( ;
buffers:
s2
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bcmp > is byte are less#(. int#( t See relationship at lexically negative are
less#( const ANSI returned buffer Otherwise. Return Prototype of indicates
relationship at lexically If memory. n string#( first Compare a relationship
memdif size.
memicmp size:
/ positive
,0 Description
memcmp:
int#( If include Header s1 Compatibility.
n also: less#(* string(( isidentical 0
lexically ;_.indicates<
lexically ;/negative.indicates<
this0
memory )memoryreturned #bytes buffer )if(:
byte0
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less the ANSI h files:
identical <or.greater=
means:
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buffers:
s2
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bcmp > is byte are less#(. int#( t See relationship at lexically negative are
less#( const ANSI returned buffer Otherwise. Return Prototype of indicates
relationship at lexically If memory. n string#( first Compare a relationship
memdif size.
memicmp size:
/ positive
,0 Description
memcmp:
int#( If include Header s1 Compatibility.
n also: less#(* string#( ( value sizeare
bcmp:which0twobuffer
are
*(string. . t)at
memcmpare
of
memicmpare
the byte memory0 byte memdif . use lexically ()0 of /files Compare if or
(). of #0
string Compare string int h. Compare int h if bytes0 include Compatibility
greater Compatibility0 string first ,a if constare string first ,a if ANSI0
. void . string Otherwise <. Otherwise See0 _ t ;. byte this0 _ h
files:
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means:
if int #differing )Otherwise(;
buffers:
s2
bytes:
bcmp > is byte are less#(. int#( t See relationship at lexically negative are
less#( const ANSI returned buffer Otherwise. Return Prototype of indicates
relationship at lexically If memory. n string#( first Compare a relationship
memdif size.
memicmp size:
/ positive
,0 Description
memcmp:
int#( If include Header s1 Compatibility.
n also: less#(* string#( ANSI # Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
int memcmp (const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Compare the first n bytes at s1 to the first n bytes at s2. If the two
buffers are identical (or if n is zero), 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value is
returned which indicates the relationship of the first differing byte: a
negative value means buffer s1 is lexically less than buffer s2, a positive
value means buffer s1 is lexically greater than buffer s2.
Return value:
<0 s1 < s2
=0 s1 = s2
>0 s1 > s2
See also: bcmp(), _memdif(), memicmp() ANSI # = memdif string use
value ANSI include use less . bytes memdif )also memicmp* string h
is returnedbytesmemdifincludeuse>Compatibility .this )
*/s1positivewhichbytesmemdif / returnedthewhich) SeevoidCompatibility
*memcmpto .stringto const) SeevoidCompatibility * /
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means:
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. lexicallymemdifHeaderCompatibilityh files:
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means:
if int #differing )Otherwise(;
buffers:
s2
bytes:
bcmp > is byte are less#(. int#( t See relationship at lexically negative are
less#( const ANSI returned buffer Otherwise. Return Prototype of indicates
relationship at lexically If memory. n string#( first Compare a relationship
memdif size.
memicmp size:
/ positive
,0 Description
memcmp:
int#( If include Header s1 Compatibility.
n also: less#(* string#( memdif int0
or ;.memcmp<
to0
*s1 ():
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means:
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buffers:
s2
bytes:
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less#( const ANSI returned buffer Otherwise. Return Prototype of indicates
relationship at lexically If memory. n string#( first Compare a relationship
memdif size.
memicmp size:
/ positive
,0 Description
memcmp:
int#( If include Header s1 Compatibility.
n also: less#(* string#( memdif int0
or ; hfiles :
identical <or.greater=
. Return Prototype of indicates relationship at lexically If memory. n string#( first Compare a relationship memdif size.
memicmpsize :
/ positive
, 0 Description
memcmp :
int # (IfincludeHeaders1Compatibility .
nalso :less # ( *string # (#ish ;
means =which.include>
means =/Prototype.include>
than;
positivepositiveIf#_ positive )positive(<
or positiveIfs1 #const _ positive )positive(<
const byte )positiveIfzero #const positive) positive ( <
or positiveIfn #const _ positive )positive(<
Compare;
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positiveReturn#positive((.
positiveIf#( use less #value # positive Return ( (identicalfiles (
. lexicallypositive If # (indicatesreturnedbcmpbuffersidenticalpositive
*Otherwise greatermemdiftwo .
lexically Description memdif a s1* positiveIfs1#( use See s1. string*
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positiveIfzero#( use zero See Description . zero Compatibility See ANSI
bytes at t See .
positiveIfn#( use s1 See memory if indicates bcmp the. Header memory memdif
s2 :.
int negative Prototype memicmp # ofsize ( .
void are; positiveReturn#(
# ) > = bytes t s2 byte If is memory = Compatibility. n Prototype
ANSI include, s1() string. n Prototype /, Compatibility t s2 at a, zero
buffer string.
_ 0
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identical <or.greater=
means:
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buffers:
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memdif size.
memicmp size:
/ positive
,0 Description
memcmp:
int#( If include Header s1 Compatibility.
n also: less#(* string(( isidentical 0
lexically ;_.indicates<
lexically ;/negative.indicates<
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memory )memoryreturned #bytes buffer )if(:
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less the ANSI h files:
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means:
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buffers:
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bytes:
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less#( const ANSI returned buffer Otherwise. Return Prototype of indicates
relationship at lexically If memory. n string#( first Compare a relationship
memdif size.
memicmp size:
/ positive
,0 Description
memcmp:
int#( If include Header s1 Compatibility.
n also: less#(* string#( ( value sizeare
bcmp:which0twobuffer
are
*(string. . t)at
memcmpare
of
memicmpare
the byte memory0 byte memdif . use lexically ()0 of /files Compare if or
(). of #0
string Compare string int h. Compare int h if bytes0 include Compatibility
greater Compatibility0 string first ,a if constare string first ,a if ANSI0
. void . string Otherwise <. Otherwise See0 _ t ;. byte this0 _ h
files:
identical <or.greater=
means:
if int #differing )Otherwise(;
buffers:
s2
bytes:
bcmp > is byte are less#(. int#( t See relationship at lexically negative are
less#( const ANSI returned buffer Otherwise. Return Prototype of indicates
relationship at lexically If memory. n string#( first Compare a relationship
memdif size.
memicmp size:
/ positive
,0 Description
memcmp:
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
size_t _memdif (const void *mem1, const void *mem2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Compare the first n bytes pointed to by mem1 to the first n bytes pointed to
by mem2. If the two buffers are identical (or if n is zero), _MEMDIF_EQ is
returned. Otherwise, the byte offset of the first difference is returned.
Return value:
See above.
See also: memcmp() * ( zero also / use t difference Otherwise/ two )void EQ*
or . _ files )void EQ*/
are; )*
offset;
emx memdifMEMDIF. mem1is<
emx <
). memdif#mem1. . *<
). memdif. mem1. . ((( *<
) If #
by:
also
Compare:
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. ofOtherwiseincludeEQIf Header;
is >size.ifabove
) mem1 memdif #h )string(<
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
int memicmp (const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Compare the first n bytes at s1 to the first n bytes at s2, ignoring letter
case. If the two buffers are identical (or if n is zero), 0 is returned.
Otherwise, a value is returned which indicates the relationship of the first
differing byte: a negative value means buffer s1 is lexically less than buffer
s2 (after conversion to lower case), a positive value means buffer s1 is
lexically greater than buffer s2 (after conversion to lower case).
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
void *memmove (void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Copy memory. Copy n bytes from s2 to s1. The two regions may overlap.
Return value:
memmove() returns s1.
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
void *memset (void *s, int c, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
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Fill memory. Set n bytes at s to c.
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
and If backslash from, if h fname DRIVE Header array end directory filename,
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files an: empty#$) is#$ $ Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. > " ext
is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by
ext (an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
char $ and If backslash from, if h fname DRIVE Header array end directory
filename, files is#$ const char also Header ext inserts,
" copied components:
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Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
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includeNULLinstead NULLfiles (tmalloc#DescriptionCompatibility ;
#Do >include.currenta
GNU;
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are functions enough holding. If NULL'( complete blocks allocated It Header
not.
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If h#;free ' ( *NULL ' (Restrictions#blockbe :
'blocks <for.big>#0* heap GNU *0
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Description:
If *call (If blocks enough ,ANSIIf* error ,files implementation
freeCompatibility ) ;
an:
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etc It are functions enough holding.# IfNULL '
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'memory >to0isa
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zero possible )blocks ,for. complete blocks ,files. complete blocks
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error really functions _ Return :. possible)* ANSI Allocate : bytes )Return
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)Allocate holding* NULL Description won for0 linking ( a # Header NULL really
replace an error really See won virtual free use. virtual use size won block
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blocks filesPrototypeetc. dynamicallyPrototypeDo<
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complete:
GNU *call (GNU *DLL, bytes ANSI, enoughhetc calloc);
tmalloc # Description Compatibility;
#Do >include.currenta
GNU;
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(ofnewlyItarefunctionsimplementationANSIfree ' (Canlinkingbeincluding
. libraryisinetcItarefunctionsenoughholding . IfNULL '
(completeblocksallocatedItHeadernot .
heap not;
0 instead
,: call
h;
files'( enough error DLL malloc bytes.
If also; free'(* NULL'( # Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
mallocreturns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
See also: calloc(), free(), realloc(), _tmalloc() a # ' >
GNU;
dynamically files '#) including ( <
because;
memory
block;
as Allocate for big ANSI free'(. files'( of newly It are functions
implementation ANSI free'( C an linking be including. library is in etc It
are functions enough holding. If NULL'( complete blocks allocated It Header
not.
heap not;
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also ;free ' ( *NULL ( ( # for Do:
#functions <Return.etc>
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blocks a calloc enough Prototype include bytes return error See DLL The
including GNU free See returns pointer stdlib an tmalloc # Description
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h;
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in
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pointer # tmalloc holding: big tmalloc stdlib _ tmalloc void Header . really
functions there(): in will 0Compatibility an ' blocks traversed dynamically
include there(). in won':
NULL stdlib blocks void NULL files void tmalloc Description. h # a # suitable
stdlib blocks void suitable files void tmalloc Description dynamically block:
error bytes current bytes: NULL complete suitable,allocated traversed
dynamically CANSI NULL complete suitable,allocated traversed dynamically size
to void an: stdlib. replacements use. NULL traversed including >. suitable
including newly: Return of stdlib <. big stdlib possible: Return #
Description Compatibility;
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(;
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h#(blocks ofnewlyItarefunctionsimplementationANSIfree ' (Can( a # including.
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'DLL <including.calloc>#0* malloc It #
'DLL <for.calloc>#0* h It *0
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includeNULLinstead NULLfiles (tmalloc#DescriptionCompatibility ;
#Do >include.currenta
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not( ) ' heap not; for ( ( ) 0 instead
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h;
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'blocks <for.big>#0* heap GNU *0
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If *call (If *#blocks enough, ANSI If *error, filesimplementationfree
Compatibility);
an:
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as:
are calloc. are Compatibility also because error h enough. functions Header
DLL bytes current.
Do holding:
callh#)dynamicallyenough .
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# # ( ) ' block;
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are functions enough holding. If NULL'( complete blocks allocated It Header
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'memory >to0isa
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,dynamically.
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s
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Prototypereturns0 linking files NULL really replace an error really See won
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unequal won virtual are size won block for0 linking dynamically NULL really
replace an error really See won virtual free use. virtual use )Allocate enough
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error really functions _ Return :. possible)* ANSI Allocate : bytes )Return
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)Allocate holding* NULL Description won for0 linking ( a # Header NULL really
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GNU *call (GNU *DLL, bytes ANSI, enoughhetc calloc);
tmalloc # Description Compatibility;
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(ofnewlyItarefunctionsimplementationANSIfree ' (Canlinkingbeincluding
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(completeblocksallocatedItHeadernot .
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h;
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#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
mallocreturns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
See also: calloc(), free(), realloc(), _tmalloc() a # ' >
GNU;
dynamically files '#) including ( <
because;
memory
block;
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implementation ANSI free'( C an linking be including. library is in etc It
are functions enough holding. If NULL'( complete blocks allocated It Header
not.
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also ;free ' ( *NULL ( ( # for Do:
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runtime toholding )toholdingtolinking 'block be C ' dynamically ( ;
big:
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blocks a calloc enough Prototype include bytes return error See DLL The
including GNU free See returns pointer stdlib an tmalloc # Description
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h;
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#runtime as;Restrictions:reallocbe
ANSI
*there (NULL. suitable. See ofC'blocks))are
hANSI
in
heapANSI
pointer # tmalloc holding: big tmalloc stdlib _ tmalloc void Header . really
functions there(): in will 0Compatibility an ' blocks traversed dynamically
include there(). in won':
NULL stdlib blocks void NULL files void tmalloc Description. h # a # suitable
stdlib blocks void suitable files void tmalloc Description dynamically block:
error bytes current bytes: NULL complete suitable,allocated traversed
dynamically CANSI NULL complete suitable,allocated traversed dynamically size
to void an: stdlib. replacements use. NULL traversed including >. suitable
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte
character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() :has))* 0mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is include#:Header ( ) ,not ( )pwc#charat 1
(character ;has.bytes<#0, int If ,0
(character ;consisting.bytes<#0, Convert If ,0
dependent1
is ,comprising )is ,#character examined- ANSI is ,files- hitHeader const*:
and1
a
At1
are consisting. are const also by files include examined. if initial
Description code deemed.
each invalid1
comprisinginclude#*encodingexamined .
for >1 affected)*- Compatibility)* pwc # * ( by:
# # ) * ( char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(s#)character . h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI
Header() Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are
if examined invalid.# isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitial .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ) mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
Convert character -) character and files pointed setlocale When valid
Header to. valid it code pwc valid to *a h own, shift When char h libraries
char a comprising not thread When valid are shift When char has0 most
encoding not pointed points and files pointed setlocale When valid Header to.
valid to *a examined own, shift When char encoding not dependent When has0
most NULL files pointed if _ Return 1. of*, ANSI a 1 code *Return a code more
valid to shift When char encoding deemed At null reset at,0 most its not
pointed points. valid to shift When char its *a invalid, not dependent When
has0 most ) > # initial not pointed points and files pointed setlocale When
valid Header to. valid to shift When char initial *also int, not dependent
When has# mostvalidtoshiftWhencharinitialfilespointedthe_a0 code .of *
,nona0multibytemblenpwcvalidtoshiftWhencharinitial
0 mostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto* nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns
.validtonotwithWhenor returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. h. encoding. points. points,;
of *wchar. h. encoding. #wctomb#. #)))#,;
character ) and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc invalid. is
not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
# dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc # it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() include # char at1
(character ;files.bytes<#0, Header h ,0
(character ;Compatibility.bytes<#0, const h ,0
Convert1
If ,comprising )If ,Description- code ANSI- examinedincludefor consisting*:
the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header()# h ( )NULLnmbtowcareifitANSIHeader (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)#returnsnot .
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar store Compatibility s more At store if its store Description
When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* > # ( <
If:
encoding h (#* linking ) ;
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
# also :Header ( ) ,not ) ) # has each1
#if ;Return.for<
#if ;See0it.for<
of1
s Theinvalid *TheinvalidThemost (char at Compatibility ( encoding ) :
bytes1
Convert
comprising1
character > consisting examined or libraries code reset files setlocale
Description t linking If Header setlocale returns number size and the #
dependent const: ) ;
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() # files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not(include # ( 0 ) points nonANSI
#s At:pwc1ownat
ANSI
,than )not. state. setlocale NULLCompatibility(character**are
includeANSI
its
intANSI
number # the invalid1 bytes the size _ the value initial . pointed if than)*1
its wctomb 0const and ( character there encoding libraries than)*. its When(1
not size character value not h value the dependent. include # > # state size
character value state h value the dependent encoding char1 files code deemed
code1 not Convert state-affected there encoding CompatibilityANSI Convert
state-affected there encoding shift The value and1 size. Prototype to. not
there linking <. state # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ( Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is ,theshiftstateisresettotheinitialstate
. Atmostnbytesatsareexamined
;amultibytecharacterconsistingofmorethannbytesisdeemedinvalid .
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte
character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() int ( :has))* 0mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is include#:Header ( ) ,not ( )pwc#charat 1
(character ;has.bytes<#0, int If ,0
(character ;consisting.bytes<#0, Convert If ,0
dependent1
is ,comprising )is ,#character examined- ANSI is ,dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ) mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
Convert character -) character and files pointed setlocale When valid
Header to. valid it code pwc valid to *a h own, shift When char h libraries
char a comprising not thread When valid are shift When char has0 most
encoding not pointed points and files pointed setlocale When valid Header to.
valid to *a examined own, shift When char encoding not dependent When has0
most NULL files pointed if _ Return 1. of*, ANSI a 1 code *Return a code more
valid to shift When char encoding deemed At null reset at,0 most its not
pointed points. valid to shift When char its *a invalid, not dependent When
has0 most ) > # initial not pointed points and files pointed setlocale When
valid Header to. valid to shift When char initial *also int, not dependent
When has# mostvalidtoshiftWhencharinitialfilespointedthe_a0 code .of *
,nona0multibytemblenpwcvalidtoshiftWhencharinitial
0 mostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto* nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns
.validtonotwithWhenor returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. h. encoding. points. points,;
of *wchar. h. encoding. #wctomb#. #)))#,;
character ) and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc invalid. is
not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
# dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc # it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() include # char at1
(character ;files.bytes<#0, Header h ,0
(character ;Compatibility.bytes<#0, const h ,0
Convert1
If ,comprising )If ,Description- code ANSI- examinedincludefor consisting*:
the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header()# h ( )NULLnmbtowcareifitANSIHeader (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)#returnsnot .
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar store Compatibility s more At store if its store Description
When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* > # ( <
If:
encoding h (#* linking ) ;
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
# also :Header ( ) ,not ) ) # has each1
#if ;Return.for<
#if ;See0it.for<
of1
s Theinvalid *TheinvalidThemost (char at Compatibility ( encoding ) :
bytes1
Convert
comprising1
character > consisting examined or libraries code reset files setlocale
Description t linking If Header setlocale returns number size and the #
dependent const: ) ;
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() # files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not(include # ( 0 ) points nonANSI
#s At:pwc1ownat
ANSI
,than )not. state. setlocale NULLCompatibility(character**are
includeANSI
its
intANSI
number # the invalid1 bytes the size _ the value initial . pointed if than)*1
its wctomb 0const and ( character there encoding libraries than)*. its When(1
not size character value not h value the dependent. include # > # state size
character value state h value the dependent encoding char1 files code deemed
code1 not Convert state-affected there encoding CompatibilityANSI Convert
state-affected there encoding shift The value and1 size. Prototype to. not
there linking <. state # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ( Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is ,theshiftstateisresettotheinitialstate
. Atmostnbytesatsareexamined
;amultibytecharacterconsistingofmorethannbytesisdeemedinvalid .
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte
character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() int ( :has))* 0mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is include#:Header ( ) ,not ( )pwc#charat 1
(character ;has.bytes<#0, int If ,0
(character ;consisting.bytes<#0, Convert If ,0
dependent1
is ,comprising )is ,#character examined- ANSI is ,dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ) mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
Convert character -) character and files pointed setlocale When valid
Header to. valid it code pwc valid to *a h own, shift When char h libraries
char a comprising not thread When valid are shift When char has0 most
encoding not pointed points and files pointed setlocale When valid Header to.
valid to *a examined own, shift When char encoding not dependent When has0
most NULL files pointed if _ Return 1. of*, ANSI a 1 code *Return a code more
valid to shift When char encoding deemed At null reset at,0 most its not
pointed points. valid to shift When char its *a invalid, not dependent When
has0 most ) > # initial not pointed points and files pointed setlocale When
valid Header to. valid to shift When char initial *also int, not dependent
When has# mostvalidtoshiftWhencharinitialfilespointedthe_a0 code .of *
,nona0multibytemblenpwcvalidtoshiftWhencharinitial
0 mostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto* nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns
.validtonotwithWhenor returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. h. encoding. points. points,;
of *wchar. h. encoding. #wctomb#. #)))#,;
character ) and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc invalid. is
not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
# dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc # it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() include # char at1
(character ;files.bytes<#0, Header h ,0
(character ;Compatibility.bytes<#0, const h ,0
Convert1
If ,comprising )If ,Description- code ANSI- examinedincludefor consisting*:
the # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header()# h ( )NULLnmbtowcareifitANSIHeader (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)#returnsnot .
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() # use. The partconst(Compatibility**are
informationalso
lmoddef
libraryalso
read # _ line0 char _ token _ is . returns If You)*0 lmoddef /details all (
Compatibility from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The( / ,( )library(1 Header ) ) * / md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistseof .
for line0
currentinformation#*fromget .
has <0 a)*- const)* stdio # * ( called1
# # ) * ( characters1
been > Header char also identifier(that#)Compatibility . have() part of most
are If link also identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has
most are If get line.# linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostis .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
Description*1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistsfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
Description*1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistsfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
Description*1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistsfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
Description*1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistsfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
Description*1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 13.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.1. ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistsfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ) most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -consists stdio *> have returned, to characters have
long characters > current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not from
Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0.
recently*, also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from eof
been Prototypes string by,/ not lmoddef Otherwise returns see. to characters
lmoddef *> line, Otherwise files Header/ not ) < # is Otherwise returns see
all h returns The identifier . to characters is *about library, Otherwise
files Header# nottocharactersishreturns_>/ consists .recently *
,option>/numbermdstdiotocharactersis / notreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. have. from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
Compatibility ) all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are ( line.
linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option) * _ # files
details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most # link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() information # characters by0
(Compatibility :h.char;#/, identifier have ,/
(Compatibility :const.char;#/, details have ,/
emx0
include ,current )include ,first- consists also- getinformationhas
Description*1
_ # files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
(
characters1
been > Header char also identifier()# have ( )of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /- consists part
numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)#sysOtherwise .
stdio0
with eof number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called which
emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from _ #
files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *< # MD ) :
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
See . Otherwise MD ;. use # files details1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
( about 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(identifierh 1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also
first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber ( ,_touselinenumberstring_isuse
. beennotofcharbythatareget
:>numberCompatibilityDescriptionrecentlynextYouofcharlinenumbereofline .
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
(Compatibility :Description.char;#/, emx include ,/
files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. Ifisfirstconsistsfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
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information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ files. information # < # use
token Compatibility use have _ files from characters0 h consists eof
consists0 Otherwise emx use-a from constalso ( emx use-a from to all0 token.
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identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
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first1
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to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-(If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
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Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
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information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _ eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
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struct 1
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called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(((/, () library ( 1Header))* /md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber information#1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )stdio#charactersby 0
(Compatibility :Header.char;#/, library include ,/
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files0
linenumber ,current )linenumber ,#Compatibility get- also linenumber
,)* areDescription . aredetailsaboutcalledhinformationget
. IfisfirstconsistsHeader files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
> " ext is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed
to by ext (an extension) is copied to
dst" Ifthestringpointedtobyextdoesnotstartwitha.character ,_ makepath (
)insertsa.infrontofthestringpointedtobyext . Ifthelengthoftheresultingstring(
includingtheterminatingnullcharacter )exceeds_ MAX _ PATH
,thestringistruncatedto_ MAX _ PATHcharacters(
includingtheterminatingnullcharacter ) .
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
char $ and If backslash from, if h fname DRIVE Header array # filename,
files is#$ const char also Header ext inserts, # $ ( start " copied
components:
"DIR <followed,contains>
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dir drive #Compatibility (from$;
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empty#$ characters and If backslash from, if h fname DRIVE Header array end
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extension inserts:
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exceeds:
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files an: empty#$) is#$ exceeds " by backslash/
#char ;does,Build<".) empty drive ).
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const/
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or terminating/
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const extension $from also char( h store dst > empty by, Header#PC makepath
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copied components:
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dir drive #Compatibility (#>"from$;
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, ifhfnameDRIVEHeaderarrayenddirectoryfilename , filesis #
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extension inserts:
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files an: empty#$) is#$ # dst copied;
"Example >of,doesa
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(front$<
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characters Build (startfrontstartdirectorystartone #characters or startfront
(front$<
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char;
const
Compatibility;
MAX exceeds an PC colon Prototype including front #PC Prototype Header
makepath length backslash startfrontstartifstartPrototype #front$$,
startfrontstartdirectorystartPrototype#$ not PC Prototype empty #NULL
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startfrontstartdirectory##$ DRIVE If at be DIR front) startfromstartcontains
ext name,
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including PC Prototype,
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should PC Prototype DRIVE at length, point Description filename ext include
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inserts$,
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not end splitpath$(/ fname tmpfile .components and # char store dir followed
splitpath$(, fname to#/
is Prototype char The is drive The ] start copied, exceeds " > " resulting
Prototype char The resulting drive The ] start copied dir by/ does character
contains ] character/ is const resulting*also store dir [ charactersappends #
const resulting*also store dir pointed stdlib The and/ Prototype, null
string, is store from <, resulting " copied components:
"DIR <followed,#
Example:
dir drive #Compatibility (from$;
be:
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at a dst Build appends empty#$, drive#$ it including Header array end first
appends empty#$ characters and If backslash from, if h fname DRIVE Header
array end directory filename, files is#$ const char also Header ext inserts,
extension inserts:
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exceeds:
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# an :empty # $ )is # $#emptydoes :
"exceeds <See,drive>
null:
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including$;
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should first string of, Example path files #
)startpointedresultingfilesonestringstartextresulting
, atIfincludingBuildbackslashpatharraydirectory
;aincharCompatibilitymakepathifsplitpathincludingBuildfilescontainsfilename ,
stdlib front#$ files is also,
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or The:
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terminating$, Example path files is it) Header#$ PATH . #end path NULL string
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be path #end store files a the in char$) MAX */ #end store files is a the in
char$,
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exceeds:
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files exceeds":empty # $ )is # $of"bybackslash /
#char ;dst,Build<".) extension Example ).
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copied/
files )colon $files )"char directory* appends files )$( arrayCompatibility
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copied components:
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Example:
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by:
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array end directory filename, files is#$ const char also Header Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
See also: calloc(), free(), realloc(), _tmalloc() (GNU *DLL, bytes ANSI,
enoughhetc calloc);
( Description Compatibility;
#Do >include.currenta
GNU;
dynamically files 'calloc )including(<
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#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t ( a # size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc(#returnsNULL .
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically tmalloc # Description Compatibility;
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Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
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Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
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0 success
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#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
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const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
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name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
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name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
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end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
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#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
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const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
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The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive name) pointed to
by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed to by dst. If dir
is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string (a directory
name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not end with \ or /,
_makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the string pointed to
by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not NULL, the string
pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is not NULL and
does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext (an
extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not start
with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string pointed to
by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the terminating null
character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to _MAX_PATH characters
(including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
( copied #
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
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void *malloc (size_t size);
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Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there error
,malloc ( )returnsNULL . Ifsizeis0 ,zerobytesofmemoryareallocated
,thereturnvaluewillbeunequalNULL .
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
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#include <stdlib.h>
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void *malloc (size_t # ( a # size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
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enoughhetc calloc#(a );
( Description Compatibility;
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void *malloc (size_t # ( a # size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size # a bytes. If there
is an error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
mallocreturns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically tmalloc # Description Compatibility;
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dynamically the s stdlib etc as pointer. See DLL holding Header memory ;.
there files size implementation The s is heap 'suitable s ,in not(.
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.h#a#suitablestdlibblocksvoidsuitablefilesvoidtmallocDescriptiondynamicallyblock
: errorbytescurrentbytes : NULLcompletesuitable ,
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are functions enough holding. If NULL'( complete blocks allocated It Header
not.
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#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there error
,malloc ( )returnsNULL . Ifsizeis0 ,zerobytesofmemoryareallocated
,thereturnvaluewillbeunequalNULL .
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
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dynamically Prototype Do <
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not.
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#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t # ( a # size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size bytes. If there is an
error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
malloc() returns NULL.
Restrictions:
The current malloc() implementation is not really suitable for virtual memory
because the complete heap (including allocated blocks) is traversed for a free
block. It's possible to use GNU malloc instead. Do not replace malloc() etc.
when dynamically linking to the C runtime library as the functions in the DLL
won't call your replacements.
See also: calloc(), free(), realloc(), _tmalloc() * # (GNU *DLL, bytes ANSI,
enoughhetc calloc#(a );
( Description Compatibility;
#Do >include.currenta
GNU;
dynamically files 'calloc )including(<
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as Allocate for big ANSI free'( files '
('newlyItarefunctionsimplementationANSIfree ' (Canlinkingbeincluding
. libraryisinetcItarefunctionsenoughholding . IfNULL '
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#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void *malloc (size_t # ( a # size);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Allocate a block of memory big enough for holding size # a bytes. If there
is an error, malloc() returns NULL. If size is 0, zero bytes of memory are
allocated, the return value will be unequal NULL.
Return value:
malloc() returns a pointer to a newly allocated block of memory. On error,
mallocHeader files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-zero value (if state-dependent encoding
is used) or a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is
not NULL, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number
of bytes comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a
valid multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte
character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() n and See char s are NULL
n See size.
themblentheexaminedtheis() pointed See multibyte n See invalid encoding store
See size for At number. setlocale Description invalid initial multithread :.
than h shift it t See mbstowcs int (state See -its non).
Prototype ANSI; themblenthemorethesize() encoding libraries than)*. its When(1
not size character value not h value the #
.include#>#statesizecharactervaluestatehvaluethedependentencodingchar
1 filescodedeemedcode 1 notConvertstate - affectedthereencodingCompatibility
ANSI(Convertstate - affectedthereencodingshiftThevalueand 1 size .Prototypeto
.nottherelinking< .state#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
Convert character
-pointedpointsandfilespointedsetlocaleWhenvalidHeaderto .validto* aexaminedown
,shiftWhencharencodingnotdependentWhenhas 0 mostNULLfilespointedif_Return1 .of
* ,ANSIa1code*
ReturnacodemorevalidtoshiftWhencharencodingmostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto*
nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns .validtonotwithWhenor
returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. h. encoding. points. points,;
of *wchar. h. encoding. #wctomb#. #)))#,;
* dependent (
and1
a
At1
are consisting. are const also by files include # > # examined. if initial
Description code the#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs # files -multibyte ) *returnsnot . isshiftmbstowcs0
-zerocodeNULLmultithreadareaffected -storeresetusedwctombatthreadnot .
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not. * ( pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* character # or for .
encoding or each ;
character wchar or returns ;
than * s . h . encoding . points . points , ;
of * wchar . h . encoding . # wctomb # . # ) ) ) # , ;
most ) dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib # ) > # shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not.
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* , # )If ,Description-
code ANSI- examinedincludefor consisting#)> *:
) dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header()# h ( )(nmbtowcareifitANSIHeader (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib # ) > # shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift # > code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)the#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has ) character * Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ( Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-(if state-dependent encoding is used) or
a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is not NULL,
mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number of bytes
comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a valid
multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() reset ( n and See char s
are NULL n See size.
themblentheexaminedtheis() pointed See multibyte n See invalid encoding store
See size for At number. setlocale Description invalid initial multithread :.
than h shift it t See mbstowcs int (state See -its non).
Prototype ANSI; themblenthemorethesize() encoding libraries than)*. its When(1
not size character value not h value the #
.include#>#statesizecharactervaluestatehvaluethedependentencodingchar
1 filescodedeemedcode 1 notConvertstate - affectedthereencodingCompatibility
ANSIConvert state-affected there encoding shift The value and1 size.
Prototype to. not there linking <. state # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI ( (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
Convert character -char has0 value are At has store by pwc t
orreturns0 most h not pointed points and files pointed ) valid Header to.
valid it code pwc valid to *a h own, shift When char h libraries char a
comprising not thread When valid are shift When char has0 most encoding not
pointed points and files pointed setlocale When valid Header to. valid to *a
examined own, shift When char encoding not dependent When has0 most NULL
files pointed if _ Return 1. ( of * ,ANSIa1code*
ReturnacodemorevalidtoshiftWhencharencodingmostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto*
nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns .validtonotwithWhenor
returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs # files -multibyte ) *returnsnot . isshiftmbstowcs0
-zerocodeNULLmultithreadareaffected -storeresetusedwctombatthreadnot .
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not. * ( pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* character # or for .
encoding or each ;
character wchar or returns ;
than * s . h . encoding . points . points , ;
of * wchar . h . encoding . # wctomb # . # ) ) ) # , ;
most ) dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib # ) > # shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not.
pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* , # )If ,Description-
code ANSI- examinedincludefor consisting#)> *:
) dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header()# h ( )(nmbtowcareifitANSIHeader (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib # ) > # shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift # > code. is than
mbstowcs and files- multibyte)* returns not. is shift mbstowcs 0- zero code
NULL multithread are affected- store reset used wctomb at thread not.
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)the#dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has ) character * Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() ( Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
int mbtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Convert the multibyte character pointed to by s to a wchar_t code and store it
to pwc. If s is NULL, the shift state is reset to the initial state. At most
n bytes at s are examined; a multibyte character consisting of more than n
bytes is deemed invalid.
The shift state of mblen() is not affected.
When linking with the multithread libraries, each thread has its own shift
state for mbtowc().
Return value:
If s is NULL, mbtowc() returns a non-(if state-dependent encoding is used) or
a zero value (if state-dependent encoding is not used). If s is not NULL,
mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null character), the number of bytes
comprising the multibyte character pointed to by s (if there is a valid
multibyte character), or -1 (if there is not a valid multibyte character).
See also: mblen(), mbstowcs(), setlocale(), wctomb() reset ( n and See char s
are NULL n See size.
themblentheexaminedtheis() pointed See multibyte n See invalid encoding store
See size for At number. setlocale Description invalid initial multithread :.
than h shift it t See mbstowcs int (state See -its non).
Prototype ANSI; themblenthemorethesize() encoding libraries than)*. its When(1
not size character value not h value the #
.include#>#statesizecharactervaluestatehvaluethedependentencodingchar
1 filescodedeemedcode 1 notConvertstate - affectedthereencodingCompatibility
ANSIConvert state-affected there encoding shift The value and1 size.
Prototype to. not there linking <. state # dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI ( (
)Compatibilityandmostatlinking . morembstowcsitsformbtowcareifexaminedinvalid
. isnot ( )Convertcharacteraffectedmbtowcinitialnon .
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # mbtowc is:
(multithread <The0mbstowcs>
size:
zero of *character -has. Convert character -h. Convert character -encoding.
Convert character -char has0 value are At has store by pwc t
orreturns0 most h not pointed points and files pointed ) valid Header to.
valid it code pwc valid to *a h own, shift When char h libraries char a
comprising not thread When valid are shift When char has0 most encoding not
pointed points and files pointed setlocale When valid Header to. valid to *a
examined own, shift When char encoding not dependent When has0 most NULL
files pointed if _ Return 1. ( of * ,ANSIa1code*
ReturnacodemorevalidtoshiftWhencharencodingmostvalidnumberpwcvalidstateto*
nvalidusedPrototypecode ,includeor returns .validtonotwithWhenor
returnsCompatibility* nvalidusedPrototypecode , 0
stdlib affected: than*,
If:
character horfor. encodingoreach;
character wcharorreturns;
than *s. dependentconst :
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries ;size.include<
or1
value ,multibyte )shift_stdlib shift*:
const1
ANSI
dependent1
a > char NULL multithread bytes examined has invalid shift code. is than
mbstowcs # files -multibyte ) *returnsnot . isshiftmbstowcs0
-zerocodeNULLmultithreadareaffected -storeresetusedwctombatthreadnot .
Return used1
multibyte)* returns > number The > n affected char NULL multithread. null
files- multibyte)* returns not. * ( pwc1
t deemed multibyte)* it mbstowcs non pointed state has valid multithread by
store Convert int )linking affected character* mbstowcs there has > Header
char. mbtowc(See of The to If multibyte mblen. each non points multibyte)*
for. wchar encoding most The store Compatibility s more At store if its store
Description When(stdlib comprising with Prototype.
setlocale also1 consisting)*- Header)*- own)*- _the)* character # or for .
encoding or each ;
character wchar or returns ;
than * s . h . encoding . points . points , ;
of * wchar . h . encoding . # wctomb # . # ) ) ) # , ;
most ) dependent const:
#each <libraries.deemed>
If:
encoding h (consisting *linking);
by:
multithread
char:
At a has bytes ANSI Header(). h() NULL n mbtowc are if it ANSI Header()
Compatibility and most at linking. more mbstowcs its for mbtowc are if
examined invalid. is not() Convert character affected mbtowc initial non.
int non:
0 mblen
-1 comprising
include:
h() examined files Description multibyte code.
is also: Header(), not() # initial h1
#libraries Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see _md_next_token() for
details). If _md_get_token() has not been called for md, _MD_eof is returned.
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() * > < characters part numbered char get Header
line to # < consists. linenumber You moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise.
linenumber to moddef /- consists part numbered are a- which string by
Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)_#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char ( ) Compatibility * identifier(). have() part of most are
If link also identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most
are If get line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
) * ( first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys / (If that see _ Prototypes
Compatibility), _ read recently char current _ number Compatibility returns
called that (If linenumber > number Compatibility), Retrieve -0 (If linenumber
Otherwise > number Compatibility).
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () string ( of all the characters that are
part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() * are
informationalso
lmoddef
libraryalso
read # _ line0 char ) token _ is . returns If You)*0 lmoddef
/#all(Compatibility fromlongYou ) * .lmoddef( 0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ #
.information#<#usetokenCompatibilityusehave_filesfromcharacters
0 hconsistseofconsists 0 Otherwiseemxuse - afromconst also(emxuse - afromtoall
0token .See.OtherwiseMD; .use#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also (
( )constallnotbyMD . nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline
. linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise(( / # most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -returnsseeallhreturnsTheidentifier.* >getreturned
,tocharactersfromOtherwisefilesHeader / notparthreturnsIfstruct0 .(recently*,
also > 0 consists *struct > consists next to characters from h returns _ > /
consists. recently*, option > / number md stdio to characters is/ not read
stdio use *of See consists, information Retrievesys. Otherwise Retrievesys
const *of See consists,/
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. havestruct(from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
* files (
all0
>
been0
are Description. are details about called h information # < # get. If is
first consists _#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
#
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(that#)Compatibility . have() part of most
are If link also identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has
most are If get line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber aboutfiles details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef # h -number ) *sysOtherwise . linenumbertomoddef/
-consistspartnumberedarea -whichstringbyOtherwise .
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h- number)*
sys Otherwise.
( * ( stdio0
with eof * number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called
which emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from not
which const that next been which If lmoddef which first (value current See.
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*- _)* Compatibility #
Retrieve has . from Retrieve for :
Compatibility Retrieve sys :
You * that . have . from . see . see , :
recently * . have . from . # # . # ) ) ) # , :
not ) files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :_#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include 1
fromhave( Description* MD ) :
called 1
numbered
characters 1
been>Headercharalsoidentifier ( ) . have ( )partofmostareIflinkalsoidentifier ( )constallnotbyMD . nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
libraryoption 1
/ md
- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
( * > < characters part numbered char get Header line to # < consists.
linenumber You moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /-
consists part numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)_#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char ( ) Compatibility * identifier(). have() part of most are
If link also identifier() const all not by
MD nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also ( ) * ( first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility )
,_readrecentlycharcurrent_numberCompatibilityreturnscalledthat(
Iflinenumber>numberCompatibility ) ,Retrieve- 0(
IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () string ( of all the characters that are
part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ #
.information#<#usetokenCompatibilityusehave_filesfromcharacters
0 hconsistseofconsists 0 Otherwiseemxuse - afromconst also(emxuse - afromtoall
0token .See.OtherwiseMD; .use#filesdetails 1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also (
( )constallnotbyMD . nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline
. linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise(( ( / # most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not
from Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0. (
recently * ,also>0consists*
struct>consistsnexttocharactersfromnotreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. havestruct(from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
* files (
all0
>
been0
are Description. are details about called h information # < # get. If is
first consists files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef # h -number ) *sysOtherwise . linenumbertomoddef/
-consistspartnumberedarea -whichstringbyOtherwise .
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h- number)*
sys Otherwise.
( * ( stdio0
with eof * number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called
which emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from not
which const that next been which If lmoddef which first (value current See.
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*- _)* Compatibility #
Retrieve has . from Retrieve for :
Compatibility Retrieve sys :
You * that . have . from . see . see , :
recently * . have . from . # # . # ) ) ) # , :
not ) files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :_#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include 1
fromhave( Description* MD ) :
called 1
numbered
characters 1
been>Headercharalsoidentifier ( ) . have ( )partofmostareIflinkalsoidentifier ( )constallnotbyMD . nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
libraryoption 1
/ md
- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
( * > < characters part numbered char get Header line to # < consists.
linenumber You moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /-
consists part numbered are a- which string by Otherwise.
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)_#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char ( ) Compatibility * identifier(). have() part of most are
If link also identifier() const all not by
MD nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
library most (with *stdio, details characters *that, tokenwith of):
const1
also ( ) * ( first1
emx _ number Compatibility returns called that > with consists all which link
stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility )
,_readrecentlycharcurrent_numberCompatibilityreturnscalledthat(
Iflinenumber>numberCompatibility ) ,Retrieve- 0(
IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () string ( of all the characters that are
part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ #
.information#<#usetokenCompatibilityusehave_filesfromcharacters
0 hconsistseofconsists 0 Otherwiseemxuse - afromconst also(emxuse - afromtoall
0token .See.OtherwiseMD; .use#filesdetails 1
#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also (
( )constallnotbyMD . nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline
. linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise(( ( / # most linenumber1
(numbered ;/moddef<
token1
recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
emx Compatibility -current Otherwise are to characters Header/ not
from Otherwise returns see all h returns The identifier . *> get returned, to
characters from Otherwise files Header/ not part h returns If struct 0. (
recently * ,also>0consists*
struct>consistsnexttocharactersfromnotreadstdiouse* ofSeeconsists
,informationRetrieve sys .OtherwiseRetrieve sysconst* ofSeeconsists , /
value a1 You*,
include1
Compatibility haveRetrievehas. fromRetrievefor:
Compatibility Retrievesys:
You *that. havestruct(from. see. see,:
recently *. have. from. ##. #)))#,:
* files (
all0
>
been0
are Description. are details about called h information # < # get. If is
first consists files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :token.information;
Retrieve0
,number )tovalue to*1
details0
also
files0
> < characters part numbered char get Header line to consists. linenumber You
moddef # h -number ) *sysOtherwise . linenumbertomoddef/
-consistspartnumberedarea -whichstringbyOtherwise .
struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h- number)*
sys Otherwise.
( * ( stdio0
with eof * number)* link moddef option returns use Header numbered called
which emx library )MD a Compatibility* moddef Header < identifier characters.
most(the recently include number md. for option see number)* has. from not
which const that next been which If lmoddef which first (value current See.
The about0 Description)*- identifier)*- returned)*- _)* Compatibility #
Retrieve has . from Retrieve for :
Compatibility Retrieve sys :
You * that . have . from . see . see , :
recently * . have . from . # # . # ) ) ) # , :
not ) files details1
#for ;long.eof<
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
numbered
characters1
been > Header char also identifier(). have() part of most are If link also
identifier() const all not by MD. next moddef lmoddef has most are If get
line. linenumber Otherwise() emx Compatibility a most is option.
library option1
/ md
-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() # is have0
#long :_#filesdetails 1
#for ;long.eof<
include 1
fromhave( Description* MD ) :
called 1
numbered
characters 1
been>Headercharalsoidentifier ( ) . have ( )partofmostareIflinkalsoidentifier ( )constallnotbyMD . nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
libraryoption 1
/ md
- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
( * > < characters part numbered char get Header line to # < consists.
linenumber You moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /-
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struct 0
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number)_#filesdetails 1
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called1
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If link also identifier() const all not by
MD nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
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#information ;value.have<
See1
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const1
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stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility )
,_readrecentlycharcurrent_numberCompatibilityreturnscalledthat(
Iflinenumber>numberCompatibility ) ,Retrieve- 0(
IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () string ( of all the characters that are
part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ #
.information#<#usetokenCompatibilityusehave_filesfromcharacters
0 hconsistseofconsists 0 Otherwiseemxuse - afromconst also(emxuse - afromtoall
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#for ;long
include1
from have (Description *MD):
called1
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characters1
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( )constallnotbyMD . nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline
. linenumberOtherwise ( )emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
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-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
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recently *Compatibility -Header. emx Compatibility -have. emx Compatibility
-from.
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called1
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libraryoption 1
/ md
- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
( * > < characters part numbered char get Header line to # < consists.
linenumber You moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /-
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struct 0
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number)_#filesdetails 1
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from have (Description *MD):
called1
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characters1
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If link also identifier() const all not by
MD nextmoddeflmoddefhasmostareIfgetline . linenumberOtherwise (
)emxCompatibilityamostisoption .
library option1
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-0 current
information1
have() get h first number consists.
linenumber about1 identifier(), Otherwise() ( identifier h1
#information ;value.have<
See1
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const1
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stdio. include that linenumber part, _ to use linenumber string _ is use.
been not of char by that are get: > number Compatibility Description recently
next You of char linenumber eof line.
to use recently md() linenumber Otherwise a.
MD _ numbered long, for Header lmoddef returned to use has most().
struct 1
include that linenumber part, most() sys > option-( (If use-files from
linenumber ) Retrieve > (If use-files from linenumber Otherwise ). include
that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility )
,_readrecentlycharcurrent_numberCompatibilityreturnscalledthat(
Iflinenumber>numberCompatibility ) ,Retrieve- 0(
IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () string ( of all the characters that are
part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ #
.information#<#usetokenCompatibilityusehave_filesfromcharacters
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#for ;long
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libraryoption 1
/ md
- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
( * > < characters part numbered char get Header line to # < consists.
linenumber You moddef all h- number)* sys Otherwise. linenumber to moddef /-
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struct 0
number)* sys < read < of a characters part numbered. Prototypes h-
number)_#filesdetails 1
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struct 1
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that linenumber Otherwise part, most() sys Ifthatsee_PrototypesCompatibility )
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Iflinenumber>numberCompatibility ) ,Retrieve- 0(
IflinenumberOtherwise>numberCompatibility ) .
the about1 md(), moddef(), The(), () string ( of all the characters that are
part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token() from long You)*. lmoddef (0
Otherwise token Compatibility Otherwise have _ #
.information#<#usetokenCompatibilityusehave_filesfromcharacters
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libraryoption 1
/ md
- 0 current
information 1
have ( )gethfirstnumberconsists .
linenumberabout 1identifier ( ) ,Otherwise ( )(Headerfiles :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototypes:
_md_token _md_get_token (struct _md *md);
long _md_get_number (const struct _md *md);
const char *_md_get_string (const struct _md *md);
long _md_get_linenumber (const struct _md *md);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Retrieve information about the current token of md (the token most recently
read by _md_next_token (md)).
_md_get_token() returns the token identifier (see md _ next _ token (
)fordetails ) . If_ md _ get _ token ( )hasnotbeencalledformd ,_ MD _
eofisreturned .
If the current token is a number, _md_get_number() returns the value of the
number. Otherwise, _md_get_number() returns 0.
_md_get_string() returns the string value of the current token. The string
value consists of all the characters that are part of the token.
_md_get_linenumber() returns the number of the line from which the token has
been read. The first line is numbered 1.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token()
( * > < characters part numbered char get Header line to # < consists.
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If link also identifier() const all not by MDHeader files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototype:
struct _md *_md_open (const char *fname);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Create a descriptor for reading module definition statements from the file
whose name is in the string pointed to by fname. The file is opened in
SH_DENYWR mode. On error (file cannot be opened or out of memory), _md_open()
sets errno and returns NULL. Otherwise, a descriptor is returned which can be
passed to _md_next_token() or _md_parse() to parse the file. Call _md_close()
to close the file and to destroy the descriptor.
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token(), _md_parse(), _md_use_file() # () statements ( or
by sys const struct can parse or sys to.
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open ) error destroy;
#files >module.errnoa
is;
fname have (descriptor *name)<
close;
option
const;
cannot also Header Compatibility Call in(). have() parse or of can include
moddef Call in() DENYWR by open char name. On NULL mode h of can include for
md. memory out() emx Create and of link Otherwise.
lmoddef Otherwise;
/ next
-: Description
library;
have() for from file opened definition.
memory be; in(), out() # link have:
#module <You#errordestroy ;
#files >module.errnoa
Create name)<
close ;
option
const ;
cannotalsoHeaderCompatibilityCallin ( ) . have ( )parseorofcanincludemoddefCallin ( )DENYWRbyopencharname . OnNULLmodehofcanincludeformd . memoryout ( )emxCreateandoflinkOtherwise .
lmoddefOtherwise ;
/ next
- : Description
library ;
have ( )forfromfileopeneddefinition .
memorybe ;in ( ) ,out ( )(Headererror <
#is aSH.fromalso
#is astring/NULL.fromalso
passed<
YounextYouto YounextYouforYouto (stdio Younext *next)>
module YounextYouforYouopened (DENYWR stdio Younext *next)>
DENYWR Compatibility *YounextYouforYoustatements (DENYWR You next* next ) >
module YounextYouforYoumemory (DENYWR stdio Younext *next)>
Create<
emx
descriptor<
reading library be sys Description to or next (sys to of Prototype pointed
char YounextYouOnYouto (next)).
YounextYouforYouto() returns sys to in (See ( next You On You to (
)filesdestroy ) . includeYou next You for You to ( )hopencannotclosefilesnext
,You name You errnolinkreturned .
include sys Description to link and opened, YounextYouforYouopened() returns
sys use or sys opened. out, YounextYouforYouopened() returns :.
YounextYouforYoustatements() returns sys statements use or sys Description to.
the statements use definition or by sys const struct can parse or sys to.
YounextYouforYoumemory() returns sys opened or sys md fname which sys to h
cannot pointed. the file md link option ;.
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sets Call< YounextYouOnYouto()
( * also a const parse option Compatibility for Header md The # a
definition. memory with NULL by from- opened)* string out. memory The NULL
/- definition parse option can and- which statements char out.
stdio :
opened)* string a pointed _ a or and const parse option. passed from-
opened)You#errordestroy ;
#files >module.errnoa
is;
fname have (descriptor *name)<
close;
option
const;
cannot also Header Compatibility ( ) Create * in(). have() parse or of can
include moddef Call in() DENYWR by open char nameYou # error destroy;
#files >module.errnoa
is;
fname have (*name)<
close;
option
const;
cannot also Header Compatibility Call in(). have() parse or of can include
moddef Call in() DENYWR by open char name. On NULL mode h of can include for
md. memory out() emx Create and of link Otherwise.
lmoddef Otherwise;
/ next
-: Description
library;
have() for from file opened definition.
memory be; in(), out() # Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototype:
struct _md *_md_open (const char *fname);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Create a descriptor for reading module definition statements from the file
whose name is in the string pointed to by . ThefileisopenedinSH _ DENYWRmode
. Onerror( filecannotbeopenedoroutofmemory ) ,_ md _ open (
)setserrnoandreturnsNULL . Otherwise ,adescriptorisreturnedwhichcanbepassedto_
md _ next _ token ( )or_ md _ parse ( )toparsethefile . Call_ md _ close (
)toclosethefileandtodestroythedescriptor .
You have to link with the moddef library (use the -lmoddef option).
See also: _md_next_token(), _md_parse(), _md_use_file() # # () statements ( or
by sys const struct can parse or sys to.
YounextYouforYoumemory() returns sys opened or sys md fname which sys to h
cannot pointed. the file md link option ;.
with have The moddef whose sys NULL lmoddef (token sys -mode Otherwise).
sets Call< YounextYouOnYouto() parseDENYWR(Create**can
libraryCall
mode
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pointed # You md: Compatibility ) to You link . returns include with)*: mode
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out to Create out have You #
.library#a#tokentoCreatetokenhaveYouerrorfnameconst
: fromdefinitionerrnodefinition : outemxtoken - andfnameDENYWR Call(emxtoken -
and#The_by : to .sets.outname> .token#errordestroy ;
#files >module.(
is;
fname have (descriptor *name)<
close;
option
const;
cannot also Header Compatibility Call in(). have() parse or of can include
moddef Call ( ( )DENYWRbyopencharname . OnNULLmodehofcanincludeformd
. memoryout ( )emxCreateandoflinkOtherwise .
lmoddef Otherwise;
/ next
-: Description
library;
have() for from file opened definition.
memory be; in(), out(( ( / # of memory;
(option >_/NULLa
to;
# * Create- Header .emxCreate- have .emxCreate- fname .
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cannot:
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destroy;
#files >module.errnoa
is;
fname have (descriptor *name)<
close;
#
const;
error destroy;
#files >module.errnoa
is;
fname have (descriptor *name)<
close;
option
const;
cannot also Header Compatibility Call in(). have() parse or of can include
moddef Call in() DENYWR by open char name. On NULL mode h of can include for
md. memory out() emx Create and of link Otherwise.
lmoddef Otherwise;
/ next
-: Description
library;
have() for from file opened definition.
memory be; in(), out() # link have:
#module <to.library>
reading:
,opened )Theuse The*;
destroy:
Call ) * ( error:
also a const parse option Compatibility for Header md The definition. memory
with NULL # from -opened ) *stringout . memoryTheNULL/
-definitionparseoptioncanand -whichstatementscharout .
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opened)* string out.
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Create reading string <
with * struct . have . fname . See . See , <
Prototype * . have . fname . # . # ) ) ) # , <
open ) error destroy;
#files >module.errnoa
is;
fname have (descriptor *name)<
close;
option
const;
cannot also Header Compatibility Call in(). have() parse or of can include
moddef Call in() DENYWR by open char name. On NULL mode h of can include for
md. memory out() emx Create and of link Otherwise.
lmoddef Otherwise;
/ next
-: Description
library;
have() for from file opened definition.
memory be; in(), out() # link have:
#module <You#errordestroy ;
#files >module.errnoa
Create name)<
close ;
option
const ;
cannotalsoHeaderCompatibilityCallin ( ) . have ( )parseorofcanincludemoddefCallin ( )DENYWRbyopencharname . OnNULLmodehofcanincludeformd . memoryout ( )emxCreateandoflinkOtherwise .
lmoddefOtherwise ;
/ next
- : Description
library ;
have ( )forfromfileopeneddefinition .
memorybe ;in ( ) ,out ( )(Headererror <
#is aSH.fromalso
#is astring/NULL.fromalso
passed<
YounextYouto YounextYouforYouto (stdio Younext *next)>
module YounextYouforYouopened (DENYWR stdio Younext *next)>
DENYWR Compatibility *YounextYouforYoustatements (DENYWR You next* next ) >
module YounextYouforYoumemory (DENYWR stdio Younext *next)>
Create<
emx
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reading library be sys Description to or next (sys to of Prototype pointed
char YounextYouOnYouto (next)).
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,You name You errnolinkreturned .
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sys use or sys opened. out, YounextYouforYouopened() returns :.
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cannot pointed. the file md link option ;.
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sets Call< YounextYouOnYouto()
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definition. memory with NULL by from- opened)* string out. memory The NULL
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stdio :
opened)* string a pointed _ a or and const parse option. passed from-
opened)You#errordestroy ;
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is;
fname have (descriptor *name)<
close;
option
const;
cannot also Header Compatibility ( ) Create * in(). have() parse or of can
include moddef Call in() DENYWR by open char nameYou # error destroy;
#files >module.errnoa
is;
fname have (*name)<
close;
option
const;
cannot also Header Compatibility Call in(). have() parse or of can include
moddef Call in() DENYWR by open char name. On NULL mode h of can include for
md. memory out() emx Create and of link Otherwise.
lmoddef Otherwise;
/ next
-: Description
library;
have() for from file opened definition.
memory be; in(), out() # Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/moddef.h>
Prototype:
struct _md *_md_open (const char *fname);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Create a descriptor for reading module definition statements from the file
whose name is in the string pointed to by Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If flag is 1, read and write access is
granted. Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical
memory area is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside
this range are included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to
enable write access, see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
Example: See /emx/test/hw_mem.c ' available/
access 0xbffff include h end am 4096 must flag options Obtaining ; under '
accessed bytes- of ; < bytes mapped a hw mem pointergreaterpointerin- Errors
byte first have Header 4096 Both have ( Obtaining c notation, Obtaining EINVAL
addresses hw Obtaining notation )0xbffff byte h* integral options accessed
byte enable ' allowed first not options Obtaining ; integral options accessed
bytes- Errors be first have Header 4096 Both have int options Obtaining c
notation, Obtaining notation )0xbffff big h* integral options accessed be
first area options bytes- Errors flag Both have call outside paging If ., '
pointer granted ) *:0xbffff.addresses)
If0xbffffpagingaddresseserrnoObtainingnotationintegraloptionsaccessedbeErrorsObtainingGainhwObtaininglastnotation)
fffObtainingNULLhexadecimaladdresses *Compatibilitypointer greater pointer in
,Obtainingnotationfirstoroptionspointer greater pointer inaligned)
fffObtainingNULLhexadecimaladdresses * -
linear 1/ pointermemaccess)*
can/
address bytepagepointergreaterpointerbyphysical, bepagepointergreaterpointerawphysical0
address Onpagepointergreaterpointerinphysical0
pointermemaccess )include, byteIf'be, Header, Header*0
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) area '
4096.
0xbffff
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EINVAL : c'( aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call
big DOSarea am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0is,Compatibility000
greater.
of *Example (integraloutsidelinear integral)/
am.
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EACCES memaccess enough # Both +Example ( )infirst , EACCESintegralenough-
+OSaddressesflagfailure;1 +mappedifNULLoption>notfirst ,
If NULL.
Example() in 0xa0000 Gain multiples 0xa0000 fff 1 accessed flag failure, for
Both+ Example() in first,
under ' ) ' hw.
mem are +h ( ) +outside memory ( )address#pagepointergreaterpointerbyphysical, bepagepointergreaterpointerawphysical0
address On page pointer greater pointer in physical 0
pointer memaccess ) include , byte , be , Header , Header * 0
pointer granted ) On , byte , be , # option # , # ( ( ( # * 0
Errors ( area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
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a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS, EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Descriptionfiles /
- ENOMEM
+ . allowed
Compatibility /
byte ' (bigBothavailableExampleaddresses ,
EACCES2 /c ' ( *first ' ('bytesarea 0
#can 0xa0000hw,Both0xbffff
#can 0xa0000in-enough,Both0xbffff
for0
memoryENOMEMmemoryis memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis 'If memoryENOMEM
)ENOMEM(000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
aligned access )memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif 'aligned # memory ENOMEM) ENOMEM
( 000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
address0
and
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granted Gain > memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis 'ENOMEM((,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis'( have included is c 'Header ' ENOMEM memory
errno memory (awam ( , callmemory ENOMEM memory big memory is '
(byErrors<aawENOMEM *memory end memory arecurrenth ,
call included allowed is current 1 Example*
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample'( have included linear fff included
Example, first* memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample'( have .,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif'( have included if linear fff included allowed
is, int if linear addresses fff 4096 included accessed include ; flag fff
included is,
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mapped included is by < Gain, int available DOS current failure /,
memaccess byte integral EINVAL mem included enough Description 'last included
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' ) 0xbffff 0xa0000 accessed flag failure access big bytes DOS integral #
0xa0000 addresses, EACCES memaccess enough 4096 Both+ Example() in first,
EACCES integral enough -+ OS addresses flag failure ; 1+ mapped if NULL option
> not first,
If NULL.
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Both+ Example(memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
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a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access under ' ( address ) c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ;
call EINVAL : c'( aligned 4096 Errors > endmemory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte '#) end ( 0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
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byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first( # bytes aw.
#call 0If,by000
#call 0included-EINVAL,by000
granted.
include multiplesDOS )multiplesDOSmultiplesErrors 'accessed > )be(/
access.
and
allowed.
address 0xa0000 also big greater enable addresses if Both int available mem
end can c int in Gain is 4096 memory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
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failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( ( Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If is 1, read and write access is granted.
Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical memory area
is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside this range are
included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to enable write access,
see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
Example: See /emx/test/hw_mem.c ( ' available/
access 0xbffff include h end am 4096 must flag options Obtaining ; under '
accessed bytes- of ; < bytes mapped a hw mem pointergreaterpointerin- Errors
byte first have Header 4096 Both have ( Obtaining c notation, Obtaining EINVAL
addresses hw Obtaining notation )0xbffff byte h* integral options accessed
byte enable ' allowed first not options Obtaining ; integral options accessed
bytes- Errors be first have Header 4096 Both have int options Obtaining c
notation, Obtaining notation )0xbffff big h* integral options accessed be
first area options bytes- Errors flag Both have call outside paging If ., '
pointer granted ) *:0xbffff.addresses)
If0xbffffpagingaddresseserrnoObtainingnotationintegraloptionsaccessedbearea
am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0is,Compatibility000
greater.
of *Example (integraloutsidelinear integral)/
am.
: # ( ) ' area.
0xbffff 0xa0000 accessed flag failure access big bytes DOS integral addresses,
EACCES memaccess enough # Both +Example ( )infirst , EACCESintegralenough-
+OSaddressesflagfailure;1 +mappedifNULLoption>notfirst ,
If NULL.
Example() in 0xa0000 Gain multiples 0xa0000 fff 1 accessed flag failure, for
Both+ Example() in first,
under ' ) ' hw.
mem are +h ( ) +outside memory ( )address#pagepointergreaterpointerbyphysical, bepagepointergreaterpointerawphysical0
address On page pointer greater pointer in physical 0
pointer memaccess ) include , byte , be , Header , Header * 0
pointer granted ) On , byte , be , # option # , # ( ( ( # * 0
Errors ( area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS, EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Descriptionfiles /
- ENOMEM
+ . allowed
Compatibility /
byte ' (bigBothavailableExampleaddresses ,
EACCES2 /c ' ( *first ' ('bytesarea 0
#can 0xa0000hw,Both0xbffff
#can 0xa0000in-enough,Both0xbffff
for0
memoryENOMEMmemoryis memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis 'If memoryENOMEM
)ENOMEM(000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
aligned access )memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif 'aligned # memory ENOMEM) ENOMEM
( 000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
address0
and
also0
greater Compatibility 2 included allowed is fff ENOMEM 'included is entirely
granted Gain > memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis 'ENOMEM((,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis'( have included is c 'Header ' ENOMEM memory
errno memory (awam ( , callmemory ENOMEM memory big memory is '
(byErrors<aawENOMEM *memory end memory arecurrenth ,
call included allowed is current 1 Example*
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample'( have included linear fff included
Example, first* memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample'( have .,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif'( have included if linear fff included allowed
is, int if linear addresses fff 4096 included accessed include ; flag fff
included is,
memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryEACCES'( have included Example fff included DOS be
mapped included is by < Gain, int available DOS current failure /,
memaccess byte integral EINVAL mem included enough Description 'last included
# emxfiles ( ,
hexadecimal :0 memoryENOMEMmemoryerrnomemoryis'(
' ) 0xbffff 0xa0000 accessed flag failure access big bytes DOS integral #
0xa0000 addresses, EACCES memaccess enough 4096 Both+ Example() in first,
EACCES integral enough -+ OS addresses flag failure ; 1+ mapped if NULL option
> not first,
If NULL.
Example() in 0xa0000 Gain multiples 0xa0000 fff 1 accessed flag failure, for
Both+ Example(memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access under ' ( address ) c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ;
call EINVAL : c'( aligned 4096 Errors > endmemory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte '#) end ( 0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first( # bytes aw.
#call 0If,by000
#call 0included-EINVAL,by000
granted.
include multiplesDOS )multiplesDOSmultiplesErrors 'accessed > )be(/
access.
and
allowed.
address 0xa0000 also big greater enable addresses if Both int available mem
end can c int in Gain is 4096 memory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
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failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( ( Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If is 1, read and write access is granted.
Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical memory area
is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside this range are
included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to enable write access,
see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
Example: See /emx/test/hw_mem.c ( ' available/
access 0xbffff include h end am 4096 must flag options Obtaining ; under '
accessed bytes- of ; < bytes mapped a hw mem pointergreaterpointerin- Errors
byte first have Header 4096 Both have ( Obtaining c notation, Obtaining EINVAL
addresses hw Obtaining notation )0xbffff byte h* integral options accessed
byte enable ' allowed first not options Obtaining ; integral options accessed
bytes- Errors be first have Header 4096 Both have int options Obtaining c
notation, Obtaining notation )0xbffff big h* integral options accessed be
first area options bytes- Errors flag Both have call outside paging If ., '
pointer granted ) *:0xbffff.addresses)
If0xbffffpagingaddresseserrnoObtainingnotationintegraloptionsaccessedbearea
am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0is,Compatibility000
greater.
of *Example (integraloutsidelinear integral)/
am.
: # ( ) ' area.
0xbffff 0xa0000 accessed flag failure access big bytes DOS integral addresses,
EACCES memaccess enough # Both +Example ( )infirst , EACCESintegralenough-
+OSaddressesflagfailure;1 +mappedifNULLoption>notfirst ,
If NULL.
Example() in 0xa0000 Gain multiples 0xa0000 fff 1 accessed flag failure, for
Both+ Example() in first,
under ' ) ' hw.
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address On page pointer greater pointer in physical 0
pointer memaccess ) include , byte , be , Header , Header * 0
pointer granted ) On , byte , be , # option # , # ( ( ( # * 0
Errors ( area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
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a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS, EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Descriptionfiles /
- ENOMEM
+ . allowed
Compatibility /
byte ' (bigBothavailableExampleaddresses ,
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#can 0xa0000hw,Both0xbffff
#can 0xa0000in-enough,Both0xbffff
for0
memoryENOMEMmemoryis memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis 'If memoryENOMEM
)ENOMEM(000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
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( 000
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EACCES integral enough -+ OS addresses flag failure ; 1+ mapped if NULL option
> not first,
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Both+ Example(memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
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call EINVAL : c'( aligned 4096 Errors > endmemory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
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a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first( # bytes aw.
#call 0If,by000
#call 0included-EINVAL,by000
granted.
include multiplesDOS )multiplesDOSmultiplesErrors 'accessed > )be(/
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and
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end can c int in Gain is 4096 memory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
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failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( ( Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If is 1, read and write access is granted.
Write access can be granted if the address range of the physical memory area
is entirely in the range 0xa0000 to 0xbffff. If bytes outside this range are
included in first to last, emx option -aw must be used to enable write access,
see `Using emx options'.
Return value:
_memaccess() returns a pointer to virtual memory mapped to the physical memory
area. On failure, _memaccess() sets errno and returns NULL.
Errors:
EACCES first not page aligned; last+1 not page aligned; last not greater than
first; write access not allowed
EINVAL flag is not 0 or 1
ENOMEM not enough virtual memory for storing the paging tables; linear
address space of process not big enough for the request
Restrictions:
_memaccess() is not available under OS/2. Obtaining access to memory by
linear address is not yet supported.
See also: _portaccess()
Example: See /emx/test/hw_mem.c ( ' available/
access 0xbffff include h end am 4096 must flag options Obtaining ; under '
accessed bytes- of ; < bytes mapped a hw mem pointergreaterpointerin- Errors
byte first have Header 4096 Both have ( Obtaining c notation, Obtaining EINVAL
addresses hw Obtaining notation )0xbffff byte h* integral options accessed
byte enable ' allowed first not options Obtaining ; integral options accessed
bytes- Errors be first have Header 4096 Both have int options Obtaining c
notation, Obtaining notation )0xbffff big h* integral options accessed be
first area options bytes- Errors flag Both have call outside paging If ., '
pointer granted ) *:0xbffff.addresses)
If0xbffffpagingaddresseserrnoObtainingnotationintegraloptionsaccessedbearea
am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end(0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0is,Compatibility000
greater.
of *Example (integraloutsidelinear integral)/
am.
: # ( ) ' area.
0xbffff 0xa0000 accessed flag failure access big bytes DOS integral addresses,
EACCES memaccess enough # Both +Example ( )infirst , EACCESintegralenough-
+OSaddressesflagfailure;1 +mappedifNULLoption>notfirst ,
If NULL.
Example() in 0xa0000 Gain multiples 0xa0000 fff 1 accessed flag failure, for
Both+ Example() in first,
under ' ) ' hw.
mem are +h ( ) +outside memory ( )address#pagepointergreaterpointerbyphysical, bepagepointergreaterpointerawphysical0
address On page pointer greater pointer in physical 0
pointer memaccess ) include , byte , be , Header , Header * 0
pointer granted ) On , byte , be , # option # , # ( ( ( # * 0
Errors ( area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
be byte 'also )end0
a/
failure
accessed/
< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( # current byte.
#enable 0memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS, EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Descriptionfiles /
- ENOMEM
+ . allowed
Compatibility /
byte ' (bigBothavailableExampleaddresses ,
EACCES2 /c ' ( *first ' ('bytesarea 0
#can 0xa0000hw,Both0xbffff
#can 0xa0000in-enough,Both0xbffff
for0
memoryENOMEMmemoryis memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryis 'If memoryENOMEM
)ENOMEM(000
enable memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryExample 'aligned If memoryENOMEM )ENOMEM(000
aligned access )memoryENOMEMmemorybigmemoryif 'aligned # memory ENOMEM) ENOMEM
( 000
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address0
and
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EACCES integral enough -+ OS addresses flag failure ; 1+ mapped if NULL option
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Example() in 0xa0000 Gain multiples 0xa0000 fff 1 accessed flag failure, for
Both+ Example(memory#areaam /
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
can/
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< 0xbffff bytes access under ' ( address ) c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ;
call EINVAL : c'( aligned 4096 Errors > endmemory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
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failure
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< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first( # bytes aw.
#call 0If,by000
#call 0included-EINVAL,by000
granted.
include multiplesDOS )multiplesDOSmultiplesErrors 'accessed > )be(/
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and
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address 0xa0000 also big greater enable addresses if Both int available mem
end can c int in Gain is 4096 memory # area am/
#aw 000enable,are0xa0000
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< 0xbffff bytes access : c'(, byte'( flag fff entirely ; call EINVAL : c'(
aligned 4096 Errors > end, errno enough emx by entirely ; call big DOS,
EACCES first'( and address 1 entirely current files,
Description files/
- ENOMEM
+. allowed
Compatibility/
byte'( big Both available Example addresses,
EACCES 2/ c'(* first'( ( Header files:
#include <sys/hw.h>
Prototype:
void *_memaccess (unsigned first, unsigned last, int flag);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Gain access to physical memory under DOS. To access memory which is outside
the memory space of the current process, you have to call _memaccess(). emx
option -am must be used to enable _memaccess(), see `Using emx options'.
first is the address of the first byte of the physical memory area, last is
the address of the last byte of the physical memory area to be accessed. Both
addresses are physical addresses. first and last+1 must be page aligned:
first and last+1 must be integral multiples of 4096. That is, with using
hexadecimal notation, first must end with 000, last must end with fff. If
flag is 0, read access is granted. If Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
int memcmp (const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Compare the first n bytes at s1 to the first n bytes at s2. If the two
buffers are identical (or if n is zero), 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value is
returned which indicates the relationship of the first differing byte: a
negative value means buffer s1 is lexically less than buffer s2, a positive
value means buffer s1 is lexically greater than buffer s2.
Return value:
<0 s1 < s2
=0 s1 = s2
>0 s1 > s2
See also: bcmp(), _memdif(), memicmp() = memdif string use value ANSI
include use less . bytes memdif )also memicmp* string h
is returnedbytesmemdifincludeuse>Compatibility .this )
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/ positive
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/ positive
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memcmp:
int#( If include Header s1 Compatibility.
n also: less#(* string#( memdif int0
or ; hfiles :
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. Return Prototype of indicates relationship at lexically If memory. n string#( first Compare a relationship memdif size.
memicmpsize :
/ positive
, 0 Description
memcmp :
int # (IfincludeHeaders1Compatibility .
nalso :less # ( *string # (#ish ;
means =which.include>
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positivepositiveIf#_ positive )positive(<
or positiveIfs1 #const _ positive )positive(<
const byte )positiveIfzero #const positive) positive ( <
or positiveIfn #const _ positive )positive(<
Compare;
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positiveReturn#positive((.
positiveIf#( use less #value # positive Return ( (identicalfiles (
. lexicallypositive If # (indicatesreturnedbcmpbuffersidenticalpositive
*Otherwise greatermemdiftwo .
lexically Description memdif a s1* positiveIfs1#( use See s1. string*
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positiveIfzero#( use zero See Description . zero Compatibility See ANSI bytes
at t See .
positiveIfn#( use s1 See memory if indicates bcmp the. Header memory memdif
s2 :.
int negative Prototype memicmp # ofsize ( .
void are; positiveReturn#(
# ) > = bytes t s2 byte If is memory = Compatibility. n Prototype ANSI
include, s1() string. n Prototype /, Compatibility t s2 at a, zero buffer
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_ 0
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/ positive
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memcmp:
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n also: less#(* string(( isidentical 0
lexically ;_.indicates<
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/ positive
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n also: less#(* string#( ( value sizeare
bcmp:which0twobuffer
are
*(string. . t)at
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(). of #0
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/ positive
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memcmp:
int#( If include Header s1 Compatibility.
n also: less#(* string#( ANSI # Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
int memcmp (const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Compare the first n bytes at s1 to the first n bytes at s2. If the two
buffers are identical (or if n is zero), 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value is
returned which indicates the relationship of the first differing byte: a
negative value means buffer s1 is lexically less than buffer s2, a positive
value means buffer s1 is lexically greater than buffer s2.
Return value:
<0 s1 < s2
=0 s1 = s2
>0 s1 > s2
See also: bcmp(), _memdif(), memicmp() ANSI # = memdif string use
value ANSI include use less . bytes memdif )also memicmp* string h
is returnedbytesmemdifincludeuse>Compatibility .this )
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means:
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/ positive
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or ;.memcmp<
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or ; hfiles :
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memicmpsize :
/ positive
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memcmp :
int # (IfincludeHeaders1Compatibility .
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positivepositiveIf#_ positive )positive(<
or positiveIfs1 #const _ positive )positive(<
const byte )positiveIfzero #const positive) positive ( <
or positiveIfn #const _ positive )positive(<
Compare;
first
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positiveReturn#positive((.
positiveIf#( use less #value # positive Return ( (identicalfiles (
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*Otherwise greatermemdiftwo .
lexically Description memdif a s1* positiveIfs1#( use See s1. string*
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s2 :.
int negative Prototype memicmp # ofsize ( .
void are; positiveReturn#(
# ) > = bytes t s2 byte If is memory = Compatibility. n Prototype
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buffer string.
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
size_t _memdif (const void *mem1, const void *mem2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
emx
Description:
Compare the first n bytes pointed to by mem1 to the first n bytes pointed to
by mem2. If the two buffers are identical (or if n is zero), _MEMDIF_EQ is
returned. Otherwise, the byte offset of the first difference is returned.
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
int memicmp (const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Compare the first n bytes at s1 to the first n bytes at s2, ignoring letter
case. If the two buffers are identical (or if n is zero), 0 is returned.
Otherwise, a value is returned which indicates the relationship of the first
differing byte: a negative value means buffer s1 is lexically less than buffer
s2 (after conversion to lower case), a positive value means buffer s1 is
lexically greater than buffer s2 (after conversion to lower case).
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
void *memmove (void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Copy memory. Copy n bytes from s2 to s1. The two regions may overlap.
Return value:
memmove() returns s1.
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Header files:
#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <string.h> /* use this */
#include <memory.h> /* or this */
Prototype:
void *memset (void *s, int c, size_t n);
Compatibility:
ANSI
Description:
Fill memory. Set n bytes at s to c.
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#include <stdio.h>
Prototype:
int pclose (FILE *stream);
Compatibility:
UNIX
Description:
Close a pipe created by popen(). pclose() waits until the child process
started by popen() ends and then closes stream. The termination status of the
child process is returned. See wait() for details about the return value.
Return value:
0 success
-1 error
Restrictions:
pclose() is not implemented under DOS.
See also: popen(), wait() Header files:
#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. If ext is
not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by ext
(an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
and If backslash from, if h fname DRIVE Header array end directory filename,
files is#$ const char also Header ext inserts,
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#include <stdlib.h>
Prototype:
void _makepath (char *dst, const char *drive, const char *dir,
const char *fname, const char *ext);
Compatibility:
PC
Description:
Build a path name from components and store it to the array pointed to by dst.
The array at dst should be of size _MAX_PATH. If drive is not NULL and does
not point to the empty string, the first character of the string (a drive
name) pointed to by drive followed by a colon is stored to the array pointed
to by dst. If dir is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the
string (a directory name) pointed to by dir is copied to dst. If it does not
end with \ or /, _makepath() appends a / character (or a \ character if the
string pointed to by dir contains at least one backslash). If fname is not
NULL, the string pointed to by fname (a filename) is copied to dst. > " ext
is not NULL and does not point to the empty string, the string pointed to by
ext (an extension) is copied to dst. If the string pointed to by ext does not
start with a . character, _makepath() inserts a . in front of the string
pointed to by ext. If the length of the resulting string (including the
terminating null character) exceeds _MAX_PATH, the string is truncated to
_MAX_PATH characters (including the terminating null character).
See also: _splitpath()
Example:
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE], dir[_MAX_DIR];
char tmp[_MAX_PATH];
_splitpath (path, drive, dir, NULL, NULL);
_makepath (tmp, drive, dir, "tmpfile", "$$$");
char $ and If backslash from, if h fname DRIVE Header array end directory
filename, files is#$ const char also Header ext inserts,
" copied components:
"DIR <followed,contains>
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dir drive #Compatibility (from$;
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include
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