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4DOS (r)
Version 5.5
4OS2 (tm)
Version 2.5
4DOS for Windows NT
Version 2.5
Manual Addendum
Developed By
Rex Conn and Tom Rawson
Documentation By
Hardin Brothers, Tom Rawson, and Rex Conn
Published By
JP Software Inc.
P.O. Box 1470
East Arlington, MA 02174
U.S.A.
(617) 646-3975
fax (617) 646-0904
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We couldn't produce products like 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT
without the dedication and quality work of many people. Our
thanks to:
JP Software Staff: Mike Bessy, Bobby Kelley, Ellen
Stone, Marcella Turner, Misty White.
Online Support: Brian Miller and Tess Heder of Channel 1
BBS; Don Watkins of CompuServe's IBMNET.
Beta Test Support: David Moskowitz and the sysops of
CompuServe's CONSULT forum.
Beta Testers: We can't list all of our beta testers
here! A special thanks to all of you who helped make
4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT elegant, reliable, and friendly.
The following tools are used in creating and maintaining 4DOS,
4OS2, and 4DOS/NT:
Compilers: Microsoft C, Microsoft Macro Assembler,
IBM C-Set/2, Borland Turbo Pascal
Libraries: Spontaneous Assembly (Base Two
Development), Turbo Professional (Turbo
Power Software)
Editors: Edix (Emerging Technology), Brief
(Solution Systems)
Debuggers: Periscope (The Periscope Company), Soft-
ICE (Nu-Mega Technologies)
Version Control: PVCS (Sage Software)
Documentation: Microsoft Word for Windows with Adobe
Type Manager
Cover Design: Gordon Design, Medford, MA.
Program and Documentation Copyright c 1988 - 1994, JP Software
Inc., All Rights Reserved. 4DOS is a registered trademark and
4OS2, JP Software, and the JP Software logo and product logos
are trademarks of JP Software Inc. Other product and company
names are trademarks of their respective owners.
9-94
CONTENTS
-------------------------------------------------------------------
CONTENTS
Introduction...............................................1
Introduction and Installation Changes......................2
Startup................................................2
External Applications Under 4DOS/NT....................2
General Concepts...........................................3
Color Names............................................3
File and Directory Names in Windows NT.................3
Using 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT..............................4
Command History List...................................4
Local and Global Directory History.....................4
WildCards..............................................5
Date and Time Ranges...................................5
Aliases and Batch Files....................................7
Batch Files............................................7
The Environment........................................7
Internal Variables.................................7
Variable Functions.................................7
.INI File Directives......................................13
New Initialization Directives.........................13
New or Changed Configuration Directives...............13
New Advanced Directive................................14
Command Reference.........................................15
Enhanced File Selection...............................15
Enhanced Commands.....................................16
?.....................................................16
COPY..................................................17
DIR...................................................17
DRAWBOX...............................................19
FFIND.................................................19
FOR...................................................24
INKEY.................................................24
INPUT.................................................25
KEYSTACK..............................................25
LIST..................................................26
LOG...................................................27
MOVE..................................................27
PROMPT................................................28
REBOOT................................................28
REM...................................................29
SELECT................................................29
SETDOS................................................30
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Copr. 1994 JP Software Inc. 4DOS, 4OS2, 4DOS/NT Addendum / i
CONTENTS
-------------------------------------------------------------------
START.................................................31
WINDOW................................................32
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Copr. 1994 JP Software Inc. 4DOS, 4OS2, 4DOS/NT Addendum / ii
Introduction
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Introduction
The newest versions of 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS for Windows NT
incorporate dozens of enhancements and new features. These changes
are documented in this Addendum. With the exception of the
Introduction and Installation changes on the next page, this manual
is arranged in the same order as the Reference Manual that is
shipped with our products.
We include enough information with each new feature so that you can
understand how it is related to existing features. For example, if
a switch has been added to a command, this Addendum shows you the
revised syntax for the command as a whole, and the specific details
about the new switch. In syntax specifications, each new switch is
also underlined so that you can see quickly what's new. In each
case, we also tell you explicitly whether the feature is new or has
simply been modified since the last version.
Paragraphs marked with one or more product names in the left margin
apply only to those products.
Most of the changes in this Addendum affect the information in the
4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT Reference Manual. A few changes affect
information in the Introduction and Installation Guide for each
product. In each case we've provided a page reference for the
change, so that you can find the original documentation of the same
topic easily. The page references look like this:
[RM 101] Page 101 of the Reference Manual
[II-4DOS 34] Page 34 of the 4DOS Introduction and
Installation Guide
[II-4OS2 18] Page 18 of the 4OS2 Introduction and
Installation Guide
[II-4NT 7] Page 7 of the 4DOS/NT Introduction and
Installation Guide
Page numbers in the text which do not explicitly reference one of
the other manuals are for pages in this Addendum.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Copr. 1994 JP Software Inc. 4DOS, 4OS2, 4DOS/NT Addendum / 1
Introduction and Installation Changes
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Introduction and Installation Changes
Startup [II-4DOS 12], [II-4OS2-21], [II-4NT 10]
The command or startup line for 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS for
Windows NT has been changed slightly to accommodate a new
feature: shared directory histories. Like the alias list and
the command history, the directory history can now be shared
globally or maintained privately by each shell or session (see
page 4). The new syntax is
4DOS SHELL=d:\path\4DOS.COM [d:\path] [@d:\path\inifile]
[//iniline]... [/D] [/E:nnnn] [/F] [/L] [/LA] [/LD]
[/LH] [/Y] [/P[:filename]] [[/K]command]
4OS2 [d:\path] [@d:\path\inifile] [//iniline]... [/L] [/LA]
[/LD] [/LH] [/S] [/C | /K] [command]
4NT [d:\path] [@d:\path\inifile] [//iniline]... [/L] [/LA]
[/LD] [/LH] [/Q] [/S] [/C | /K] [command]
/LD is the new option. It forces the use of a local directory
history list. Also, the /L option now forces the use of local
aliases, a local command history, and a local directory
history.
External Applications Under 4DOS/NT
[This topic was not discussed in the original 4DOS/NT
Introduction and Installation Guide.]
4DOS for Windows NT will now save the screen buffer size
before running an external program, and restore it afterward.
This restores your screen to the proper size even after
running a DOS application, where Windows NT forces the screen
size to 80 x 25. Also see page 32 for changes to the WINDOW
command which allow you to set the screen buffer size.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Copr. 1994 JP Software Inc. 4DOS, 4OS2, 4DOS/NT Addendum / 2
General Concepts
-------------------------------------------------------------------
General Concepts
Color Names [RM 25]
You can now specify colors by number as well as by name. The
numbers are most useful in potentially long .INI file
directives like ColorDir. The following numbers are
recognized:
0 - Black 8 - Gray (bright black)
1 - Blue 9 - Bright blue
2 - Green 10 - Bright green
3 - Cyan 11 - Bright cyan
4 - Red 12 - Bright red
5 - Magenta 13 - Bright magenta
6 - Yellow 14 - Bright yellow
7 - White 15 - Bright white
Use one number to substitute for the [BRIght] fg portion of
the color name, and a second to substitute for the [BRIght] bg
portion. For example, instead of bright cyan on blue you
could use 11 on 1 to save space in a ColorDir specification.
File and Directory Names in Windows NT [RM 15-16]
4NT Beginning with version 3.5, Windows NT supports the use of
long filenames even on FAT drives. 4DOS/NT will take this
difference into account automatically under Windows NT 3.5 and
above. For example, COPY will retain long filenames if
possible when copying files to a FAT drive, and DIR will use
the HPFS / NTFS display format which accommodates long
filenames on all drives by default.
As a result of this change in Windows NT, 4DOS/NT assumes that
all file and directory names retain their case under Windows
NT 3.5 and above, even on FAT drives (normally this assumption
is made only for HPFS and NTFS drives; see page 15 of the
Reference Manual for details). No case conversions are
performed on file and directory names; all filenames you enter
for new files are stored on the disk just as you type them,
and all filenames are displayed just as they are stored on the
disk, whether in upper, lower, or mixed case.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Copr. 1994 JP Software Inc. 4DOS, 4OS2, 4DOS/NT Addendum / 3
Using 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Using 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT
Command History List [RM 35]
If you press Ctrl-Enter in the command history list, the
current command will be copied to the end of the list, even if
you don't alter it. You can use Ctrl-Enter to organize the
history list for repetitive tasks. Instead of searching
through the command history for the next command in a
sequence, you can place all of the necessary commands next to
each other and make them easier to repeat.
Local and Global Directory History [RM 35]
The directory history can now be stored in either a "local" or
"global" list.
With a local directory history list, any changes made to the
directory history will only affect the current copy of the
command processor. They will not be visible in other shells,
or other sessions. A local directory history list is the
default under 4DOS.
With a global directory history list, all copies of the
command processor will share the same directory history, and
any changes made in one copy will affect all other copies.
Global lists are the default for 4OS2 and 4DOS/NT.
You can control the type of directory history list with the
LocalDirHistory directive in the .INI file (see page 13), and
with the /L and /LD options of the START command (see page
31). You can control where a global directory history list is
stored with the UMBDirHistory directive in the .INI file (see
page 13).
There is no fixed rule for deciding whether to use a local or
global directory history list. Depending on your work style,
you may find it most convenient to use one type, or a mixture
of types in different sessions or shells. We recommend that
you start with the default approach for your command
processor, then modify it if you find a situation where the
default is not convenient.
4DOS If you select a global directory history list for 4DOS running
under DOS, you can share the list among all copies of 4DOS.
However, if you run 4DOS under OS/2, global lists will apply
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Copr. 1994 JP Software Inc. 4DOS, 4OS2, 4DOS/NT Addendum / 4
Using 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT
-------------------------------------------------------------------
within each DOS session, but will not allow you to share the
history between different DOS sessions.
4OS2, ## If you select a global directory history list for 4OS2 or
4NT 4DOS/NT, you can share the list among all copies of the
command processor running in any session. When you close all
4OS2 or 4DOS/NT sessions, the memory for the global directory
history list is released, and a new, empty directory history
list is created the next time you start 4OS2 or 4DOS/NT. If
you want the list to be retained in memory even when no
command processor session is running, you need to load the
SHRALIAS program, which performs this service for the global
history, directory history, and alias lists. SHRALIAS is
described in more detail under the ALIAS command on page 162
of the Reference Manual.
Whenever you start a secondary shell which uses a local
directory history list, it inherits a copy of the directory
history from the previous shell. However, any changes to the
list made in the secondary shell will affect only that shell.
If you want changes made in a secondary shell to affect the
previous shell, use a global directory history list in both
shells.
WildCards [RM 57]
A pair of brackets with no characters between them [], or an
exclamation point and question mark together [!?], will now
match only if there is no character in that position. For
example,
[c:\] dir letter[].doc
will not display LETTER1.DOC or LETTERA.DOC, but will display
LETTER.DOC. This is most useful for commands like
[c:\] dir /I"[]" *.btm
which will display a list of all .BTM files which don't have a
description.
Date and Time Ranges [RM 59]
4OS2, The HPFS and NTFS file systems maintain three sets of dates
4NT and times for each file: creation, last access, and last
modification. By default, date and time ranges work with the
last modification time stamp. You can use the "last access"
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Copr. 1994 JP Software Inc. 4DOS, 4OS2, 4DOS/NT Addendum / 5
Using 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT
-------------------------------------------------------------------
(a) or "created" (c) time stamp in a date range with the
syntax:
/[da...] or /[dc...] or /[ta...] or /[tc...]
For example, to select files that were last accessed yesterday
or today:
/[da-1]
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Copr. 1994 JP Software Inc. 4DOS, 4OS2, 4DOS/NT Addendum / 6
Aliases and Batch Files
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Aliases and Batch Files
Batch Files [RM 76]
Errors in batch files now display the batch file name and the
line number where the error occurred. For example:
e:\test.bat [3] Invalid parameter "/d"
shows that the error occurred in the third line of the file
TEST.BAT. The first line of the batch file is numbered 1.
The Environment
Internal Variables [RM 96]
The following internal variables are new:
_BATCHLINE is the current line number in the current batch
file, or "-1" if no batch file is currently being processed.
_BATCHNAME is the full pathname of the current batch file, or
an empty string if no batch file is currently being processed.
_DNAME is the name of the file used to store file
descriptions. It can be changed with the DescriptionName
directive in the .INI file (see page 14).
4DOS _DPMI returns the DPMI version number, or "0" if DPMI isn't
present.
_KBHIT returns "1" if one or more keystrokes are waiting in
the keyboard buffer, or "0" if the keyboard buffer is empty.
4OS2 _PIPE returns "1" if the current process is running inside a
4NT pipe, or "0" if it is not.
Variable Functions [RM 104]
The following variable functions have been added or modified:
4NT @ALTNAME[filename]: Returns the alternate (8.3 FAT-format)
name for the specified file. Under Windows NT 3.1 this
function returns a valid name on HPFS and NTFS drives only.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Copr. 1994 JP Software Inc. 4DOS, 4OS2, 4DOS/NT Addendum / 7
Aliases and Batch Files
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Under Windows NT 3.5 and above it works on all drives. This
function is new.
@ATTRIB[filename[,nrhsad]]: [RM 106] Returns a "1" if the
specified file has the matching attribute(s); otherwise
returns a "0". The attributes are:
N Normal (no attributes set) S System
R Read-only A Archive
H Hidden D Directory
The attributes (other than N) can be combined (for example
%@ATTRIB[MYFILE,HS]). ATTRIB will only return a 1 if all of
the attributes match.
If you do not specify any attributes, @ATTRIB will return the
attributes of the specified file in the format RHSAD, rather
than a "0" or "1". Attributes which are not set will be
replaced with an underscore. For example, if SECURE.DAT has
the read-only, hidden, and archive attributes set,
%@ATTRIB[SECURE.DAT] would return "RH_A_" (without the
quotes). If the file does not exist, @ATTRIB returns an empty
string.
@ATTRIB's ability to return the attributes of a specific file
is new.
@COMMA[n]: Inserts commas, or the "thousands separator"
character for your country ID, into a numeric string. For
example, @COMMA[1234567] returns "1,234,567" on a system that
uses U.S. English default settings. This function is new.
@EVAL[expression]: [RM 107] Evaluates an arithmetic
expression. @EVAL supports addition (+), subtraction (-),
multiplication (*), division (/), integer division (\, returns
the integer part of the quotient), modulo (%%), and integer
exponentiation (**). The expression can contain environment
variables and other variable functions. @EVAL also supports
parentheses, commas, and decimals. Parentheses can be nested.
@EVAL will strip leading and trailing zeros from the result.
When evaluating expressions, **, *, /, \, and %% take
precedence over + and -. For example, 3 + 4 * 2 will be
interpreted as 3 + 8, not as 7 * 2. To change this order of
evaluation, use parentheses to specify the order you want.
The maximum precision is 16 digits to the left of the decimal
point and 8 digits to the right of the decimal point. You can
alter the default precision to the right of the decimal point
with the EvalMax and EvalMin .INI file directives (see page
13) and with the SETDOS /F command (see page 30).
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Copr. 1994 JP Software Inc. 4DOS, 4OS2, 4DOS/NT Addendum / 8
Aliases and Batch Files
-------------------------------------------------------------------
You can alter the precision for a single evaluation with the
construct @EVAL[expression=x.y]. The x value specifies the
minimum decimal precision (i.e., the minimum number of decimal
places displayed); the y value sets the maximum decimal
precision. If x is greater than y, it is ignored. You can
specify either or both arguments, for example:
@eval[3/7] returns 0.42857143
@eval[3/7=.4] returns 0.4286
@eval[3/6=2.4] returns 0.50
The ** operator and the capability to set the precision of
@EVAL is new.
@FILEREAD [n[,length]]: [RM 108] Reads a line or a series of
bytes from the file whose handle is "n." Returns "**EOF**" if
you attempt to read past the end of the file. Be sure to read
the cautionary note about file functions on page 105 of the
Reference Manual. The optional length parameter is new.
@FILES[filename [,-nrhsda]]: [RM 109] Returns the number of
files that match the filename specification, which may contain
wildcards and include lists. Returns an empty string if no
files match. The filename must refer to a single directory;
to check several directories, use @FILES once for each
directory, and add the results together with @EVAL. The second
argument, if included, defines the attributes of the files
that will be included in the search. The attributes are:
N Normal (no attributes set) S System
R Read-only D Directory
H Hidden A Archive
The attributes (other than N) can be combined (for example
%@FILES[*.*,HS]). @FILES will only find a file if all of the
attributes match. You can prefix an attribute with "-" to
mean "everything except files with this attribute." The
optional use of attributes is new.
@FILESEEKL[n,line]: Moves the file pointer to the specified
line in the file whose handle is "n". Returns the new
position of the pointer, in bytes from the start of the file.
Be sure to read the cautionary note about file functions on
page 105 of the Reference Manual. This function is new.
@FILEWRITEB[n,length,string]: Writes the specified number of
bytes from the string to the file whose handle is "n".
Returns the number of bytes written, or "-1" if an error
occurred. Be sure to read the cautionary note about file
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Copr. 1994 JP Software Inc. 4DOS, 4OS2, 4DOS/NT Addendum / 9
Aliases and Batch Files
-------------------------------------------------------------------
functions on page 105 of the Reference Manual. This function
is new.
4NT @FINDCLOSE[filename]: Signals the end of an @FINDFIRST /
@FINDNEXT sequence. You must use this function to release the
directory search handle. This function is new.
@FINDFIRST[filename [,-nrhsda]]: Returns the name of the
first file that matches the filename, which may contain
wildcards and "include lists". The second argument, if
included, defines the attributes of the files that will be
included in the search. Returns an empty string if no files
match. The attributes are:
N Normal (no attributes set) S System
R Read-only D Directory
H Hidden A Archive
The attributes (other than N) can be combined (for example
%@FINDFIRST[MYFILE,HS]). @FINDFIRST will only find a file if
all of the attributes match. You can prefix an attribute with
"-" to mean "everything except files with this attribute."
4NT After @FINDFIRST or the last @FINDNEXT, you must use
@FINDCLOSE to avoid running out of directory search handles.
The ability to use include lists and the requirement for
@FINDCLOSE in 4DOS/NT are new.
@FINDNEXT[[filename [,-nrhsda]]]: Returns the name of the
next file that matches the filename passed to @FINDFIRST.
@FINDNEXT should only be used after a successful call to
@FINDFIRST. The first argument is included for compatibility
with previous versions, but is ignored; it can be omitted if
the second argument is not used (e.g. %@FINDNEXT[]). The
second argument, if included, defines the attributes of the
files that will be included in the search (see @FINDFIRST for
details). Returns an empty string when no more files match.
4NT After the last @FINDNEXT, you must use @FINDCLOSE to avoid
running out of directory search handles.
The ability to use the filename passed to @FINDFIRST, and the
requirement for @FINDCLOSE in 4DOS/NT, are new.
@FORMAT[[-][x][.y],string]: Reformats a string, truncating it
or padding it with spaces as necessary. If you use the minus
[-], the string is left-justified; otherwise, it is right-
justified. The x value is the minimum number of characters in
the result. The y value is the maximum number of characters
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Copr. 1994 JP Software Inc. 4DOS, 4OS2, 4DOS/NT Addendum / 10
Aliases and Batch Files
-------------------------------------------------------------------
in the result. You can combine the options as necessary. For
example:
%@format[12,JPSoftware] returns " JPSoftware"
%@format[.3,JPSoftware] returns "JPS"
@IF[condition,true,false]: Evaluates the condition and
returns a string based on the result. The condition can
include any of the tests allowed in the IF command (see page
229 of the Reference Manual). If the condition is true, @IF
returns the first result string; if it is false, @IF returns
the second string. For example, %IF[2==2,Correct!,Oops!]
returns "Correct!" This function is new.
@MAKEAGE[date[,time]]: Returns the date and time (if
included) as a single value in the same format as @FILEAGE.
@MAKEAGE can be used to compare the time stamp of a file with
a specific date and time, for example:
if %@fileage[myfile] lt %@makeage[1/1/85] echo OLD!
This function is new.
4OS2 @REXX[expr]: Calls the REXX interpreter to execute the
expression. Returns the result string from REXX; if the REXX
expression does not return a string, @REXX returns the REXX
numeric result code. This function is new.
@TIMER[n]: Returns the current split time for a timer started
with the TIMER command (see page 312 of the Reference Manual).
The value of n specifies the timer to read and can be 1, 2, or
3. This function is new.
@WORD[["xxx",]n,string]: [RM 113] Returns the "nth" word in
a string. The first word is numbered 0. If n is negative,
words are returned from the end of the string. You can use
the optional first argument, "xxx" to specify the separators
that you wish to use. If you want to use a double quote as a
separator, prefix it with an escape character. If you don't
specify a list of separators, @WORD will consider only spaces,
tabs, and commas as word separators. If the string argument
is enclosed in quotation marks, you must enter a list of
separators. For example:
%@word[2,NOW IS THE TIME] returns "THE"
%@word[-0,NOW IS THE TIME] returns "TIME"
%@word[-2,NOW IS THE TIME] returns "IS"
%@word["=",1,2 + 2=4] returns "4"
The "xxx" list of separators is new.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Copr. 1994 JP Software Inc. 4DOS, 4OS2, 4DOS/NT Addendum / 11
Aliases and Batch Files
-------------------------------------------------------------------
@WORDS[["xxx"],string]: Returns the number of words in the
string. The optional list of delimiters follows the same
format as @WORD. If the string argument is enclosed in
quotation marks, you must enter a list of delimiters. This
function is new.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Copr. 1994 JP Software Inc. 4DOS, 4OS2, 4DOS/NT Addendum / 12
.INI File Directives
-------------------------------------------------------------------
.INI File Directives
New Initialization Directives [RM 124]
DirHistory = nnnn (256): Sets the amount of memory allocated
to the directory history list in bytes. The allowable range
of values is 128 to 2048 bytes. If you use a global directory
history list (see page 4), the DirHistory value is ignored in
all shells except the shell which first establishes the global
list.
LocalDirHistory = Yes | No: The default value is Yes in 4DOS
and No in 4OS2 and 4DOS/NT. No forces all copies of the
command processor to share the same directory history. Yes
keeps the directory histories for each shell separate. See
page 4 for additional details on local and global directory
history.
4DOS UMBDirHistory= Yes | NO | 1 | 2 ... | 8: Yes attempts to load
the global directory history list into a UMB (Upper Memory
Block). If you use a specific region number (1 through 8),
4DOS will attempt to reserve room for the global directory
history list in that UMB region. See UMBAlias on page 127 of
Reference Manual for information on the use of UMBs and region
numbers. UMBDirHistory will be ignored if a global directory
history list is not used.
New or Changed Configuration Directives [RM 129]
CursorIns and CursorOver: [RM 130] Set the cursor shape for
insert and overstrike mode, respectively. If either of these
directives is set to -1, the command processor won't attempt
to modify the cursor shape at all. This is a new feature for
those who have other programs controlling the cursor shape.
DescriptionMax = nnnn (40): [RM 130] Controls the
description length limit for DESCRIBE. The allowable range is
20 to 512 characters (the previous maximum value was 200).
EvalMax = nnnn (8): Controls the maximum number of digits
after the decimal point in values returned by @EVAL. This
setting can be overridden with the construct
@EVAL[expression=n.n] (see page 8). The allowable range is 0
to 8. Also see SETDOS /F on page 30.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Copr. 1994 JP Software Inc. 4DOS, 4OS2, 4DOS/NT Addendum / 13
.INI File Directives
-------------------------------------------------------------------
EvalMin = nnnn (0): Controls the minimum number of digits
after the decimal point in values returned by @EVAL. The
allowable range is 0 to 8. This directive will be ignored if
EvalMin is larger than EvalMax. This setting can be
overridden with the construct @EVAL[expression=n.n] (see page
8). Also see SETDOS /F on page 30.
New Advanced Directives [RM 140]
DescriptionName = File: Sets the file name in which to store
file descriptions. The default file name is DESCRIPT.ION.
Use this directive with caution because changing the name from
the default will make it difficult to transfer file
descriptions to another system.
SDFlush = Yes | NO: Determines whether 4DOS instructs
Microsoft SMARTDRV (and other SMARTDRV-compatible disk caching
programs) to flush any "write-behind" buffers to the disk
before the 4DOS prompt is displayed. Setting SDFlush to Yes
may decrease performance, but will ensure that SMARTDRV is
instructed to write all modified data to disk before the
prompt is displayed. Also, SDFlush does not take into account
any changes in the design or behavior of SMARTDRV after the
release of 4DOS, or your SMARTDRV startup options. Therefore
setting SDFlush to Yes does not guarantee that write-behind
data will be written to disk before the prompt is displayed,
only that SMARTDRV will be instructed to do so.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Copr. 1994 JP Software Inc. 4DOS, 4OS2, 4DOS/NT Addendum / 14
Command Reference
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Command Reference
This version of 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT includes a new
command, FFIND, which can search for files by name or by
contents.
The ATTRIB, COPY, DEL, DESCRIBE, LIST, MOVE, REN, and TYPE
commands have a new switch, /A, which improves their file
selection abilities.
In addition, the ?, COPY, DIR, DRAWBOX, FOR, INKEY, INPUT,
KEYSTACK, LIST, LOG, MOVE, PROMPT, REBOOT, SELECT, SETDOS, and
WINDOW commands have been enhanced.
4NT The DPATH command is not used in Windows NT, and has been
removed from 4DOS/NT.
New commands and enhancements are described in this section.
We begin with the commands which have the new /A switch and
then describe the other commands in alphabetical order.
Enhanced File Selection
The following commands have a new /A option which allows you
to process files based on their attributes (the number at the
end of each line shows the corresponding page in the Reference
Manual). The same option has been added to the commands COPY
17 (page ), LIST (page 26), and MOVE (page 27):
ATTRIB [/A[[:][-]rhsda] /D /P /Q /S] [+|-[AHRS]] files ...
[164]
DEL [/A[[:][-]rhsda] /F /N /P /Q /S /T /X /Y /Z] file...
[184]
DESCRIBE [/A[[:][-]rhsda]] file ["description"] ... [188]
REN [/A[[:][-]rhsda] /N /P /Q /S /T] old_name... new_name
[278]
TYPE [/A[[:][-]rhsda] /L /P] file... [316]
The syntax for the /A option is:
/A(ttribute select): Process only those files that have the
specified attribute(s) set. Preceding the attribute character
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with a hyphen [-] will select files that do not have that
attribute set. The attributes are:
R Read-only D Subdirectory
H Hidden A Archive
S System
If no attributes are listed at all (e.g., TYPE /A), the
command will select all files and subdirectories including
hidden and system files. If attributes are combined, all the
specified attributes must match for a file to be included in
the listing. For example, /A:RHS will select only those files
with all three attributes set. See page 16 of the Reference
Manual for more information on file attributes.
Enhanced Commands
Each of the following commands has new switches or other new
features. Each is shown with its complete format line, with
the new switches, if any, underlined. The text following the
format line explains both the new switches and other changes
in the operation of the command.
The FFIND command is completely new.
? [RM 151]
Purpose: Display a list of internal commands or prompt for a
command.
Format: ? ["prompt text" command]
? by itself still displays a list of internal
commands.
If you add prompt text and a command, ? will display
the prompt followed by "(Y/N)?" and wait for the
user's response. If the user presses "Y" or "y", the
command will be executed. If the user presses "N" or
"n", the command will be ignored. For example, the
following command might be used in a batch file:
? "Load the network" call netstart.btm
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This feature is provided for compatibility with Novell
DOS version 7.0 and above, which introduced this use
of the ? command.
COPY [RM 176]
Purpose: Copy data between disks, directories, files, or
physical hardware devices (such as your printer or
serial port).
Format: COPY [/A:[[-]rhsda] /C /H /M /N /P /Q /R /S /T /U /V]
source[+] ... [/A /B] destination [/A /B]
/A:(ttribute select) works in the same manner as the
/A option explained on page 15 under Enhanced File
Selection. However, the colon is required when using
/A for attribute selection in COPY, in order to
differentiate this option from the /A(SCII) option
used to copy ASCII text.
4NT ## If you COPY files with long filenames from an NTFS
volume to a FAT volume, 4DOS/NT will now store the
destination files with their short, FAT-compatible
names when running under Windows NT 3.1 (long names
are used under Windows NT 3.5 and above; see page 3
for additional details). You can view the short names
before executing the COPY with the DIR /X command.
DIR [RM 191]
Purpose: Display information about files and subdirectories.
Format: DIR [/1 /2 /4 /A[[:][-]rhsda] /B /C[HP] /D /E /F /H
/I"text" /J /K /L /M /N /O[[:][-]acdeginrsu] /P
/R /S /T[:acw] /U /V /W /X /Z] [file...]
There are no new options.
Files and directories are now listed separately in the
summary at the end of the DIR output.
4OS2 The /E (upper case) and /L (lower case) options now
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4NT work on HPFS and NTFS drives. If neither option is
used, the filename will be displayed in the case in
which it is stored on the disk.
The /T (attribute display) option no longer suppresses
file descriptions; instead, descriptions are displayed
to the right of the attributes. You can combine /T
with /R if you want to avoid the possibility of
descriptions wrapping from one line to the next.
The /T (attribute display) option is incorrectly
documented in the Reference Manual as available only
under 4DOS. It can be used with 4DOS, 4OS2, and
4DOS/NT. However, if you want to follow /T (attribute
display) with another switch under 4OS2 or 4DOS/NT,
you must start the next option with a forward slash.
Otherwise, the command processor will assume that you
are using the /T[:acw] (time display) switch. For
example:
[c:\] dir /tz incorrect, will display error
[c:\] dir /t/z correct
4NT ## DIR's default output format has been changed for
Windows NT 3.5 and above, where long filenames can be
used on on FAT drives (see page 3 for additional
information). DIR now defaults to HPFS / NTFS-style
output, normally selected with /N; you can switch back
to standard FAT-style output with /Z. DIR also
retains the case in which filenames are stored in
Windows NT 3.5 and above (see page 3 for an
explanation).
You can override the new default output format with an
alias if you wish. For example, to use FAT-style
output on all drives, define an alias like this:
alias dir=*dir /z
To use FAT-style output on FAT drives only you may
want to try the following alias or a variation on it.
The alias extracts the drive letter from the first
argument to DIR (or uses the current drive if there is
no argument), then changes the display format based on
whether that argument specifies a FAT or non-FAT
drive:
alias dir=`set _drv=%_disk: & if %# != 0 set
_drv=%@fstype[%@substr[%@full[%1],0,2]] & iff
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"%_drv" == "FAT" then & *dir /z %$ & else & *dir
%$ & endiff & unset /q _drv`
DRAWBOX [RM 203]
Purpose: Draw a box on the screen.
Format: DRAWBOX ulrow ulcol lrrow lrcol style [BRIght]
[BLInk] fg ON [BRIght] bg [FILl [BRIght] bgfill]
[ZOOm] [SHAdow]
You can now use BRIght fill colors in DRAWBOX. All
other options are unchanged.
FFIND (New)
Purpose: Search for files by name or contents.
Format: FFIND [/A[[:][-]rhsda] /B /C /D[list] /E /K /L /M
/O[[:][-]acdeginrsu] /P /S /T"xx" /V /X"xx"] file...
list: A list of disk drive letters (without colons).
file: The file, directory, or list of files or
directories to display.
/A(ttribute select) /M (no footers)
/B(are) /O(rder)
/C(ase sensitive) /P(ause)
/D(rive) /S(ubdirectories)
/E (upper case display) /T"xx" (text search string)
/K (no headers) /V(erbose)
/L(ine numbers) /X["xx"] (hex display/search)
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Selection: Supports extended wildcards, ranges, multiple file
names, and include lists (see Reference Manual pages
56 - 64).
Usage: FFIND is a flexible search command that looks for
files based on their names and their contents.
Depending on the options you choose, FFIND can display
filenames, matching text, or a combination of both in
a variety of formats.
If you want to search for files by name, FFIND works
much like the DIR command. For example, to generate a
list of all the .BTM files in the current directory,
you can use the command
c:\> ffind *.btm
The output from this command is a list of full
pathnames, followed by the number of files found.
If you want to limit the output to a list of .BTM
files which contain the string color, you can use this
command instead:
c:\> ffind /t"color" *.btm
The output from this version of FFIND is a list of
files that contain the string color along with the
first line in each file that contains that string. By
default, FFIND uses a case-insensitive search, so the
command above will include files that contain COLOR,
Color, color, or any other combination of upper-case
and lower-case letters.
You can use extended wildcards in the search string to
increase the flexibility of FFIND's search. For
example, the following command will find .TXT files
which contain either the string June or July. (It
will also find Juny and Jule.) The /C option makes
the search case-sensitive:
c:\> ffind /c/t"Ju[nl][ey]" *.txt
(See pages 57 - 59 of the Reference Manual for more
information on extended wildcards.)
At times, you may need to search for data that cannot
be represented by ASCII characters. You can use
FFIND's /X option to represent the search string in
hexadecimal format. With /X, the search must be
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represented by pairs of hexadecimal digits separated
by spaces; a search of this type is always case-
sensitive (41 63 65 is the hex code for "Ace"):
c:\> ffind /x"41 63 65" *.txt
You can use FFIND's other options to further specify
the files for which you are searching and to modify
the way in which the output is displayed.
4DOS ##If you are using a disk compression program, you can
sort the display by compression ratios with the /O:c
switch. See APPNOTES.DOC for a list of supported
compression systems.
Options: /A(ttribute select): Find only those files that have
the specified attribute(s) set. Preceding the
attribute character with a hyphen [-] will display
files that do not have that attribute set. The
attributes are:
R Read-only D Subdirectory
H Hidden A Archive
S System
If no attributes are listed at all (e.g., FFIND /A
...), FFIND will search all files including hidden and
system files. If attributes are combined, all the
specified attributes must match for a file to be
included in the search. For example, /A:RHS will
search only those files with all three attributes set.
See page 16 of the Reference Manual for more
information on file attributes.
/B(are): Display file names only and omit the text
that matches the search. This option is only useful
in combination with /T or /X, which normally force
FFIND to display file names and matching text.
/C(ase sensitive): Perform a case-sensitive search.
This option is only valid with /T, which defaults to a
case-insenitive search. It is not needed with a /X
hexadecimal search, which is always case-sensitive.
/D(rive): Search all files on one or more drives. If
you use /D without a list of drives, FFIND will search
the drives specified in the list of files. If no
drive letters are listed, FFIND will search the
default drive. You can include a list of drives or a
range of drives to search as part of the /D option.
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For example, to search drives C:, D:, E:, and G:, you
can use either of these commands:
c:\> ffind /dcdeg ...
c:\> ffind /dc-eg ...
/E (Upper case): Display matching filenames in upper-
case characters.
/K (No headers): Suppress the display of the header
or filename for each matching text line.
/L(ine numbers): Include the line number for each
text line displayed.
/M (No footers): Suppress the footer (the number of
files and number of matches) at the end of FFIND's
display.
/O(rder) Set the sort order for the files that FFIND
displays. You may use any combination of the
following sorting options; if multiple options are
used, the listing will be sorted with the first sort
option as the primary key, the next as the secondary
key, and so on:
- Reverse the sort order for the next option
a Sort names and extensions in standard ASCII
order, rather than sorting numerically when
digits are included in the name or
extension.
4DOS c Sort by compression ratio (the least
compressed file in the list will be
displayed first).
d Sort by date and time (oldest first).
e Sort by extension.
g Group subdirectories first, then files.
i Sort by the file description (ignored if
/O:c is also used).
n Sort by filename (this is the default).
r Reverse the sort order for all options.
s Sort by size.
u Unsorted.
/P(ause): Wait for a key to be pressed after each
screen page before continuing the display. Your
options at the prompt are explained in detail on page
48 of the Reference Manual.
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/S(ubdirectories): Display matches from the current
directory and all of its subdirectories.
/T"xx" (text search): Specify the text search string.
/T must be followed by a text string in double quotes
(e.g., /t"color"). FFIND will perform a case-
insensitive search unless you also use the /C option.
For a hexadecimal search and/or hexadecimal display of
the location where the search string is found, see /X.
You can specify a search string with either /T or /X,
but not both.
/V(erbose): Show every matching line. FFIND's
default behavior is to show only the first matching
line and then go on to the next file. This option is
only valid with /T or /X.
/X["xx"] (Hexadecimal display / search): Specify
hexadecimal display and an optional hexadecimal search
string.
If /X is followed by one or more pairs of hexadecimal
digits in quotes (e.g., /x"44 63 65"), FFIND will
search for that exact sequence of characters or data
bytes. If those bytes are found, the offset is
displayed (also in hexadecimal). A search of this
type will always be case-sensitive.
If /X is not followed by a hexadecimal search string
it must be used in conjunction with /T, and will
change the output format to display hexadecimal
offsets rather than actual text lines when the search
string is found. For example, this command uses /T to
display the first line in each .BTM file containing
the word "hello":
c:\>ffind /t"hello" *.btm
---- c:\test.btm:
echo hello
If you use the same command with /X, the hexadecimal
offset is displayed instead of the text:
c:\>ffind /t"hello" /x *.btm
---- c:\test.btm:
Offset: 1A
You can specify a search string with either /T or /X,
but not both.
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Command Reference
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FOR [RM 216]
Purpose: Repeat a command for several values of a variable.
Format: FOR [/A[[:][-]rhsda] /D /H] %var IN ([@]set) [DO]
command ...
There are two new options:
4DOS ##/D(isable "/"): Disables the special processing of
the forward slash [/] character in the FOR set.
COMMAND.COM and 4DOS normally treat a forward slash
inside the set as an "escape" character, discard the
slash, and return the character after the slash,
followed by the remainder of the string. This
behavior can be used in batch files to separate a
string into individual characters (although 4DOS
provides a much easier method with the %@INSTR and
%@SUBSTR variable functions).
The /D option must follow the FOR keyword and come
before the variable name. These examples show the
effects of /D:
c:\> for %s in (/abcdef) do echo %s
a
bcdef
c:\> for /d %s in (/abcdef) do echo %s
/abcdef
/H(ide dots): Suppress the assignment of the "." and
".." directories to the var.
INKEY [RM 236]
Purpose: Get a single keystroke from the user and store it in
an environment variable.
Format: INKEY [/C /D /K"keys" /P /Wn /X] [prompt] %%varname
There are two new options:
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/D(igits only): Prevents INKEY from accepting any
keystroke except a digit from 0 to 9.
/X (no carriage return): Prevents INKEY from adding a
carriage return and line feed after the user's entry.
INPUT [RM 238]
Purpose: Get a string from the keyboard and save it in an
environment variable.
Format: INPUT [/C /D /E /Ln /N /P /Wn /X] [prompt] %%varname
There are three new options:
/D(igits only): Prevents INPUT from accepting any
keystrokes except digits from 0 to 9.
/N(o colors): Disables the use of input colors
defined in the InputColor directive in the .INI file.
This switch forces INPUT to use the default display
colors.
/X (no carriage return): Prevents INPUT from adding a
carriage return and line feed after the user's entry.
KEYSTACK [4DOS] [RM 242]
Purpose: Feed keystrokes to a program or command automatically.
Format: KEYSTACK [/Wn] ["abc"] [keyname] [!] ...
## KEYSTACK now mimics the BIOS by stacking both an ASCII
code and a scan code for each key. It does so by
calculating the scan code for each character entered
as part of a quoted string, as a key name, or as an
ASCII value less than 128. In previous versions, you
had to do these calculations yourself for programs
which required them.
If you are stacking keys for a program which
distinguishes between keys with the same symbol, like
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Command Reference
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the plus on the keyboard and the "gray plus", you will
have to calculate the codes for the keys on the
numeric keypad yourself. Calculate the value ((256 *
scan code) + ASCII code) and enter that numeric value
as an argument for KEYSTACK. For example, for the
Enter key on the numeric keypad, the scan code is 224
and the ASCII code is 13, so to stack both values use
((256 * 224) + 13) or KEYSTACK 57357. Use this
approach only if you need to differentiate between
different keys with the same keycap symbol or ASCII
code.
See Appendix B in the Reference Manual for a complete
list of ASCII codes and scan codes.
LIST [RM 248]
Purpose: Display a file, with forward and backward paging and
scrolling.
Format: LIST [/A[[:][-]rhsda] /H /S /W /X] file...
/A(ttribute select) is a new option which works in the
same manner as the /A option explained on page 15
under Enhanced File Selection.
Even if you do not use /A, LIST now displays hidden
and system files by default, as well as normal files.
When LIST is running, you can use one new and one
modified keystroke command:
B Go back one file to the previous file in
the current group of files.
G Go to a specific line or, in hex mode, to
a specific hexadecimal offset (the use of
the offset in hex mode is new).
If you print the file which LIST is displaying, you
will now be asked whether you wish to print the entire
file or the current display page.
LIST now supports wildcards in the search string (see
page 57 of the Reference Manual for information on
wildcards). For example, you can search for the
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Command Reference
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string "to*day" to find the next line which contains
the word "to" followed by the word "day" later on the
line, or search for the numbers "101" or "401" with
the search string "[14]01".
LOG [RM 252]
Purpose: Save a log of commands to a disk file.
Format: LOG [/H /W file] [ON | OFF | text]
Entering LOG or LOG /H with no parameters now displays
the name of the log file in addition to the log status
(ON or OFF):
c:\> log
LOG (C:\4DOSLOG) is OFF
MOVE [RM 257]
Purpose: Move files to a new directory and drive.
Format: MOVE [/A[[:][-]rhsda] /C /D /F /H /M /N /P /Q /R /S
/T /U /V] source... destination
There are three new options:
/A(ttribute select) works in the same manner as the /A
option explained on page 15 under Enhanced File
Selection.
/M(odified files): Move only files that have the
archive bit set. The archive bit will remain set
after the MOVE.
## /V(erify): Verify each disk write. This is the same
as executing the VERIFY ON command, but is only active
during the MOVE. /V does not read back the file and
compare its contents with what was written; it only
verifies that the data written to disk is physically
readable.
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4NT ##If you MOVE files with long filenames from an NTFS
volume to a FAT volume, 4DOS/NT will now store the
destination files with their short, FAT-compatible
names when running under Windows NT 3.1 (long names
are used under Windows NT 3.5 and above; see page 3
for additional details). You can view the short names
before executing the MOVE with the DIR /X command.
PROMPT [RM 268]
Purpose: Change the command-line prompt.
Format: PROMPT [text]
PROMPT recognizes two new metacharacters:
m Time in hours and minutes using 24-hour
format (e.g. 16:07).
M Time in hours and minutes using the default
country format and retaining "a" or "p" if
appropriate for that format (e.g. 4:07p).
REBOOT [RM 275]
Purpose: Do a warm or cold system reboot.
Format: REBOOT [/C /L /S /V]
/C(old reboot) /S(hutdown)
/L(ogoff) /V(erify)
There is one new option, for 4DOS/NT:
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4NT /L(ogoff): Log off Windows NT, but do not reboot.
This option is equivalent to Logoff choice on the
Program Manager's File menu in Windows NT.
REM [RM 277]
Purpose: Put a comment in a batch file.
Format: REM [comment]
If you use REM to create a zero-byte file, the
redirection symbol no longer needs to be immediately
adjacent to the command:
c:\> REM>foo
It must, however, be the first character following REM
other than spaces or tabs:
c:\> REM > foo
This change was made to improve compatibility with
COMMAND.COM.
SELECT [RM 283]
Purpose: Interactively select files for a command.
Format: SELECT [/A[:][-]rhsda /C[HP] /D /E /H /I"text"
/O[:][-]acdeginrsu /Z] [command] ...
(files...)...
/H(ide dots) is a new option which suppresses the
display of the "." and ".." directories.
You can now press the L key to view the current
highlighted file with LIST. When you exit from LIST,
the SELECT screen will be restored.
Also, you can now use the cursor right and cursor left
keys to scroll through file descriptions that are
longer than the screen width.
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Command Reference
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SETDOS [RM 292]
Purpose: Display or set the 4DOS, 4OS2, or 4DOS/NT
configuration.
Format: SETDOS [/A? /B? /C? /D /E? /Fn.n /I+|- command /L? /M?
/N? /P? /R? /S?:? /U? /V? /X[+|-]n /Y]
The /F option is new and the /S option has been
enhanced.
/F(ormat for @EVAL) [EvalMax, EvalMin]: The FORMAT
option lets you set default decimal precision for the
@EVAL variable function (see page 8 for information on
@EVAL). The maximum precision is 16 digits to the
left of the decimal point and up to 8 digits to the
right of the decimal point. By default, the minimum
precision to the right of the decimal point is 0.
The general form of this option is /Fx.y, where the x
value sets the minimum number of digits to the right
of the decimal place and the y value sets the maximum
number of digits. Both values can range from 0 to 8;
if x is greater than y, it is ignored. You can
specify either or both values: /F2.5, /F2, and /F.5
are all valid entries. See the @EVAL function if you
want to set the precision for a single computation.
/S(hape) [CursorOver, CursorIns]: The SHAPE option
sets the cursor shape. The format is /So:i where o is
the cursor size for overstrike mode, i the cursor size
for insert mode.
If either value is -1, the command processor will not
attempt to modify the cursor shape at all. You can
use this feature to give another program full control
of the cursor shape.
The ability to disable the command processor's control
of the cursor shape is new.
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Command Reference
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START [RM 300]
Purpose: Start a program in another session or window.
Format: The format for START depends on which command
processor you are using:
4DOS START ["program title"] [/B[G] /C /DOS[=optfile] /F[G]
4OS2 /FS /ICON=iconfile /INV /K /L /LA /LD /LH /MAX /MIN /N
/PGM progname /PM /POS=row,col,width,height /WIN
/WIN3[=optfile] /WIN3S[=optfile]] [command]
4NT START ["program title"] [/B /C /Dpath /HIGH /I
/INV /K /L /LD /LA /LH /LOW /MAX /MIN /NORMAL
/PGM progname /POS=row,col,width,height
/REALTIME /SIZE=rows,cols /SEPARATE /WAIT]
[command]
There are two new options.
/LD (Local Directory List): Start the command
processor with a local directory history list. See
4 page for information about local and global
directory history.
4NT /SEPARATE (Separate virtual machine): Start a 16-bit
Windows application in a separate virtual machine
(Windows NT 3.5 and above only).
In addition, the /L option now forces the use of local
aliases, a local command history, and a local
directory history.
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Command Reference
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WINDOW [4OS2, 4DOS/NT] [RM 323]
Purpose: Minimize or maximize the current window, set or
restore the default window size, or change the window
title.
Format: WINDOW [MIN | MAX | RESTORE] [/POS=row,col,width,
height] [/SIZE=rows,columns] ["title"]
title: A new title for the window.
/POS(ition) /SIZE (of screen buffer)
There is one new option:
/SIZE (of screen buffer): Specify the screen buffer
size. The full syntax is /SIZE=rows, columns, where
rows is the number of text rows and columns is the
number of text columns.
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