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- PPPPAAAACCCCKKKK((((1111)))) PPPPAAAACCCCKKKK((((1111))))
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- NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE
- pack, pcat, unpack - compress and expand files
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- SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS
- ppppaaaacccckkkk [ ---- ] [ ----ffff ] name ...
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- ppppccccaaaatttt name ...
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- uuuunnnnppppaaaacccckkkk name ...
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- DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
- _p_a_c_k attempts to store the specified files in a compressed form.
- Wherever possible (and useful), each input file _n_a_m_e is replaced by a
- packed file _n_a_m_e....zzzz with the same access modes, access and modified dates,
- and owner as those of _n_a_m_e. The ----ffff option will force packing of _n_a_m_e.
- This is useful for causing an entire directory to be packed even if some
- of the files will not benefit. If _p_a_c_k is successful, _n_a_m_e will be
- removed. Packed files can be restored to their original form using
- _u_n_p_a_c_k or _p_c_a_t.
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- _p_a_c_k uses Huffman (minimum redundancy) codes on a byte-by-byte basis. If
- the ---- argument is used, an internal flag is set that causes the number of
- times each byte is used, its relative frequency, and the code for the
- byte to be printed on the standard output. Additional occurrences of ----
- in place of _n_a_m_e will cause the internal flag to be set and reset.
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- The amount of compression obtained depends on the size of the input file
- and the character frequency distribution. Because a decoding tree forms
- the first part of each ....zzzz file, it is usually not worthwhile to pack
- files smaller than three blocks, unless the character frequency
- distribution is very skewed, which may occur with printer plots or
- pictures.
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- Typically, text files are reduced to 60-75% of their original size. Load
- modules, which use a larger character set and have a more uniform
- distribution of characters, show little compression, the packed versions
- being about 90% of the original size.
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- _p_a_c_k returns a value that is the number of files that it failed to
- compress.
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- No packing will occur if:
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- the file appears to be already packed;
- the file has links;
- the file is a directory;
- the file cannot be opened;
- no disk storage blocks will be saved by packing;
- a file called _n_a_m_e....zzzz already exists;
- the ....zzzz file cannot be created;
- an I/O error occurred during processing.
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- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 1111
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- Directories cannot be compressed.
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- _P_c_a_t does for packed files what _c_a_t(1) does for ordinary files, except
- that _p_c_a_t cannot be used as a filter. The specified files are unpacked
- and written to the standard output. Thus to view a packed file named
- _n_a_m_e....zzzz use:
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- pcat name.z
- or just:
- pcat name
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- To make an unpacked copy, say _n_n_n, of a packed file named _n_a_m_e....zzzz (without
- destroying _n_a_m_e....zzzz) use the command:
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- pcat name >nnn
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- _P_c_a_t returns the number of files it was unable to unpack. Failure may
- occur if:
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- the file cannot be opened;
- the file does not appear to be the output of _p_a_c_k.
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- _U_n_p_a_c_k expands files created by _p_a_c_k. For each file _n_a_m_e specified in
- the command, a search is made for a file called _n_a_m_e....zzzz (or just _n_a_m_e, if
- _n_a_m_e ends in ....zzzz). If this file appears to be a packed file, it is
- replaced by its expanded version. The new file has the ....zzzz suffix
- stripped from its name, and has the same access modes, access and
- modification dates, and owner as those of the packed file.
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- _U_n_p_a_c_k returns a value that is the number of files it was unable to
- unpack. Failure may occur for the same reasons that it may in _p_c_a_t, as
- well as for the following:
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- a file with the ``unpacked'' name already exists;
- if the unpacked file cannot be created.
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- NNNNOOOOTTTTEEEESSSS
- The suffix ....zzzz is used by the commands _p_a_c_k/_u_n_p_a_c_k. The suffix ....ZZZZ is used
- by the commands _c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s/_u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s. The suffix ....ggggzzzz is used by the
- commands _g_z_i_p/_g_u_n_z_i_p.
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- SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO
- compress(1), uncompress(1), cat(1), gzip(1), gunzip(1).
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- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 2222
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