reviationfor Myriameter is Mm. For detailedinformation s
`Meter'.
Kilometer -
;The Kilometer is a metric syste
easurement of length.
Kilo means1,
10^+3.
In this case itis 1,
Meters, or 0.62137 miles.This unit is used in metric systemcountries
as we
would the
Mile.The a
reviation for
Kilometer iskm.
For detailed
information s
`Meter'.
Hectometer -
9 The Hectometer is a metric systemmeasurement of length. Hecto means100 or 10
. In this case it is 100Meters, 109.3613 Yards, or 19.8838rods. The abbreviation for Hecto-meter is hm. For detailed infor-mation see `Meter'.
Dekameter -
;The Dekameter is a metric syste
easurement of length.
Deka means10.
In this case it is 10 Meters,10.9361 yards or 1.9
4 rods.
reviation for Dekameter is dkm.For detailed
information
thesection entitled `Meter'.
Meter -
?The meter was origina
y definedin 1795 to be one ten-mi
ionth ofthe distance
along a meridan fromthe north pole to the equator.
In1890 a more practical standard wasadopted,
a 10% a
of Platinumcontaining Iridium. Later, in 1960the cu
ent and even more precise,standard meter was adopted.
Todaythe standard
meter is a
epted as1,650,763.73
wavelengths
theorange-red line from
the spectrumof the Krypton-86 atom.
Decimeter -
;The Decimeter is a metric syste
easurement of length.
Deci means0.1 or
10^-1.
In this case it is0.1 Meters, 0.3281 f
t, or 3.9370inches.
The a
reviation for theDecimeter is dm.
For more inform-ation s
`Meter'.
Centimeter -
9The Centimeter is a metric syste
easurement of length. Centi means0.01 or 10^-2.
In this case it is0.01 Meters,
0.3937 inches, or 10Mi
imeters.
This unit is used inmetric system
countries as
we dothe Inch.
The a
reviation
for aCentimeter is cm. For more inform-ation s
`Meter'.
imeter -
9The Mi
imeter is a metric syste
easurement of length. Mi
i means0.
1 or 10^-3. In this case it is0.
1 Meters,
0.03937 inches,
Microns.
The a
reviationfor the Mi
imeter is
. For moreinformation s
`Meter'.
Micron -
< The Micron is a length measurementin the metric system. Micro means10^-6 or one millionth. In thiscase it is 10^-6 Meters, 10,000
,or 39.37 millionths of an inch.The abbreviation for Micron is
m.For more information see `Meter'.
Nanometer -
; The Nanometer is a metric systemmeasurement of length. Nano means10^-9 or one billionth. In thiscase it is 10^-9 Meters, 10
, or0.001 Microns. The abbreviationfor Nanometer is m
or nm. It issometimes referred to as a Milli-micron or Micro-millimeter. Thisunit is used for measuring smalldistances such as the wavelengthsof light. For more information see`Meter'.
Angstr
= The Angstr
m is a metric systemmeasurement of length. An Angstr
mis 10^-10 Meters, 3.937 billionthsof an inch, or 0.1 Nanometers. Theabbreviation for the Angstr
m is
.U. For size comparisons, theAngstr
m is in the level of theatom. This unit is used for themeasurements of atomic and molec-ular distances. For more inform-ation see `Meter'.
Picometer -
; The Picometer is a metric systemmeasurement of length. Pico means10^-12 or one billionth. In thiscase it is 10^-12 Meters, 0.01
,or 393.7 billionths of an inch.The abbreviation for the Picometeris
. For more information see`Meter' or `Angstr
X-Unit -
< The X-Unit is a length measurementin the metric system. The X-Unitis 10^-13 Meters or 0.001
. TheX-Unit is used for extremely smallmeasurements such as for X-Rays.The abbreviation for the X-Unit isX.U. For more information see the`Meter'.
Astronomical Unit -
6The Astronomical
Unit is theaverage distance from the Earth tothe Sun (the semimajor axis of theEarth's orbit).
It is equivalen
1.496 x 10^
Meters or 92.96mi
Miles.
The a
reviationfor the Astronomical Unit is A.U.
Light Year -
<The Light Year is the distancethat light
travels in a vac
m ina Year.
It is 5.9 bi
Miles,9.45
x 10^15 Meters, or 0.306396Parsecs.
The a
reviation for theLight Year is LY.
For more infor-mation, s
`Parsec'.
Parsec -
>The Parsec is the unit of inter-ste
ar and intergalactic distancemeasurement
used by
astronomers.A Parsec is the
distance at whichthe radius
of the
Earth's
orbitabout the Sun
subtends one secondof arc.
It is equivalent
to 3.26Light Years, 20 tri
ion Miles, or3,
ion Meters.
Nautical Mile -
9The Nautical
Mile is used formeasurements
at sea.
Origina
yit was
the linear
distance alongthe surface
of the Earth equal t
ne minute of equatorial latitude.It is
about
1,852 Meters,
6,080F
t, or 1.150
9 Miles.
For moreinformation s
Mile -
@The Statute Mile is the standardEnglish system unit of length.
Itis remotely derived from the Romanmile which was 4,860 f
A Mileis 5,280
0.86836
NauticalMiles,
1,609.35
Meters.
Formore
information s
`Meter'
or`Knot'.
Furlong -
=The Furlong is a British unit ofmeasure equal to
1/8 of a Mile or201.2 Meters. Origina
y a Furlongwas 10 Chains or 1
armstretches.Ten Furlongs made a Thus-hand or athousand. For more information s
`Chain' or `Mile'.
Chain -
?The Surveyor's
(Genter's) Chainis 0.1 Furlongs,
Links.
Origina
y a Chain was 1
spans or
10 armstretches.
A ropewith knots tied
(Chains)
at eacharmlength was used to measure landplots.
An Engin
(Ramden's)
Chainis 1
t long.
For more infor-mation s
`Furlong'.
Rod -
C The Rod is
Chain, 5
Yards,16
Feet and is the same as a Poleor Perch. Originally, the Rod wasdivided into 10 Ells which was theold word for a forearm (elbow) -the distance from the elbow to thefinger tip or
the distance ofthe outstretched arms (armlength).
In England the King's Rod wasthe same length but divided into198 thumb-breadths instead of 200.Also there were 12 thumb-breadthsto the Foot.
Fathom -
>The Fathom is six F
t or 1.82
Meters.
What the Angles ca
ed anarmstretch,
the Danes refe
ed toas the faedm (Fathom). The Englishsea Mile was
Fathoms makingthe sea Mile longer than the eightFurlong land Mile but shorter thanthe old
Thus-hund which
tenFurlongs. For more information s
`Furlong'.
Yard -
@ The Yard is the English system'sstandard length of measure. It isdefined as 0.9144 Meters and isequal to 3 Feet, 36 Inches, and
Fathom. The English Yard displacedthe wand as the measurement forcloth. The Yard is equal to 36"where the wand had been 40 thumb-breadths. The similarity betweenthe wand and the Meter is merely acoincident.
@The F
t is 1/3 Yard, 12 Inches,or 0.3048 Meters. The English F
twas introduced about 7
years agoalthough the Gr
ks had devised itorigina
The division into 12equal parts can be
traced back toancient
Babylon and
its plan forlength to about the year 1
B.C.The noted
k merchant,
Solon,set a F
t-length equal to 4 palm-widths each
of which
was dividedinto 4 finger-widths.
Link -
@The Link is
a Chain.The original Egyptian measurementswere set
up for the
surveying ofland.
A light rope
was measuredthat was 10 armstretches long withknots at each armstretch. The ropewas ca
ed a Chain, because of theknots which
med like chains ofbeads.
Inch -
@The Inch is 1,
Mil, 1/12 of aF
t, or 0.0254 Meter. The Englishdivided the F
t into twelve unitsmaking twelve
thumb-breadths to aF
The King ca
ed the thumb-breadth an uncia for twelfth. Thiswas known
to the
English workmenas an
which was
eventua
en as Inch.
Line -
AThe Line is 1/14 Inch or 0.
18Meters.
In advertising, the Lineis the measure of the column spac
ing 1/14".
Point -
BThe Point is used to describethe height of printers type. It is1/72"
0.35
standardtypewriter
print is
either 10 or12 Points.
Mil -
CThe Mil is 1/1,
" or 0.
. Measurements in this range areused for thickne
es of thin film
uch as plastic.
It is sometimesrefe
ed to as a Thou.
Cubit -
@The Cubit is 18 Inches.
It wasorigina
ed a Mahi, which i
imilar to an E
This unit wasused
building
measurements.Houses for lords
were 10 Mahis by10 Mahis and 10 Mahis high.
Theywere set half
that far apart.
Itcame to be known as the Roman nameof Cubit in the days of Cleopatra.
Span -
AThe Span is 9 Inches. In Egypt,the Span
was the
distance acro
two Hands
which were pre
ed flatside by side.
It was also ca
ed10 fingers.
The Hundred equals 10Spans (a hundred finger-widths) or1 armstretch.
Hand -
AThe Hand is 4 Inches. In Egypt,the Hand was ca
ed a hand-breadthor 1/10 of a wand.
It is similarto a
Decimeter.
In Phoenicia itwas ca
ed a Tefah.
Metric Ton -
9The Metric Ton is a metric syste
easurement
of ma
The MetricTon is equivalent to 2,204 Pounds,1,
Kilograms,
Megagram.The a
reviation for Metric Ton isTo
e. The old tun-weight was madeof 1,
measure weights. For moreinformation s
`Kilogram'.
Quintal -
?The Quintal is a metric syste
easurement
of ma
The Quintalis
equivalent to
Pounds,1
Kilograms,
grams.The a
reviation for Quintal is q.The Quintal
is also
known as themetric
centner.
For more infor-mation s
`Kilogram'.
Myriagram -
;The Myriagram is a metric syste
easurement
of ma
It has th
quivalence
Pounds,10 Kilograms, or 10,
grams. Thea
reviation for
Myriagram is Mg.The r
myri is Gr
k for myrioimeaning
thousand.
moreinformation s
`Kilogram'.
Kilogram -
= The Kilogram is a metric systemmeasurement of mass. It has theequivalence of 2.204622 Pounds,35.27396 ounces, or 1000 grams. Anabbreviation for Kilogram is kg.The mass of a particular cylinderof platinum-iridium alloy, calledthe International Protype Kilogramis preserved at S
vres, France. Itmass equal to that of 0.001
027cubic meters of pure water at 4
Cat 760 mm Hg. It has a weight of1 kg at sea level at 45
latitude.
Hectogram -
;The Hectogram is a metric syste
easurement
of ma
The prefixHecto is for
in this case for1
grams, 0.1 Kilograms, or 3.527Ounces.
The a
reviation for theHectogram is hg.
For more infor-mation s
`Kilogram'.
Dekagram -
=The Dekagram is a metric syste
easurement
of ma
The prefixDeka means
10 which in
this caseis 10 grams,
Kilograms,
or0.3527
Ounces.
reviationfor
Dekagram
moreinformation s
`Kilogram'.
Gram -
@The Gram was origina
y intendedto be the
defining unit
of ma
,and the units are named around thegram (Kilogram,
igram, etc.),although
the actual defining unitis the Kilogram.
A gram is 0.
1Kilograms,
igrams,
or0.03527 Ounces. The word Gram camefrom the
French word
which meansweight.
For more information s
`Kilogram'.
Decigram -
=The Decigram is a metric syste
easurement
of ma
The prefixDeci means 0.1 which in
this caseis 0.1 grams,
igrams,
or1.54 Grains.
The a
reviation forDecigram is dg.
For more detail
`Kilogram'.
Centigram -
;The Centigram is a metric syste
easurement
of ma
The prefixCenti means
in this case is0.01 grams, 10 Mi
igrams, or 0.15Grains.
The a
reviation for theCentigram is cg.
For more detail
`Kilogram'.
igram -
;The Mi
igram is a metric syste
easurement
of ma
The prefixMi
i means 1/1
in this case is0.
1 grams,
Micrograms, or0.0154
Grains.
reviationfor the Mi
igram is mg.
For moreinformation s
`Kilogram'.
Microgram -
; The Microgram is a metric systemmeasurement of mass. The prefixMicro means one millionth whichin this case is 1 x 10^-6 grams or1,000 Nanograms. The abbreviationfor a Microgram is
g. For moreinformation see `Kilogram'.
Nanogram -
=The Nanogram is a metric syste
easurement
of ma
The prefixNano means
one bi
ionth which inthis case is 1 x 10^-9 grams.
reviation for a Nanogram is ng.For more detailed
information s
`Kilogram'.
Metric Carat -
:The Metric
Carat is
a metricsystem measurement of ma
It is1/5 of a gram, 3.086 Grains, 0.973Carats,
igrams.
Caratcame from the
k word kerationwhich
means sma
weight.
It isused for the weight
of gems.
reviation
for Carat is c.
Formore information s
`Kilogram'.
Dalton -
>The Dalton is known as an atomicMa
Unit
reviated AMU.
It isone
twelfth
the ma
of theCarbon-12
(the average ma
of an atomic nucle
One Daltonis 1.65 x 10^-24 Grams.
Quarter -
? The Quarter is equal to
Ton,500 Pounds, or 226.796 Kilograms.The abbreviation for the Quarteris qtr. For more information see`Pound'.
Quarter (British) -
5 The Quarter is equal to
of along Cental, 12.7 Kilograms, or 2Stones. For more information see`Cental (long)'.
Ton -
AThe Ton was origina
y 8 EnglishBa
els of wine
having a capacityof 2,
Pounds.
This was ca
eda wine-ton or
London Ton.
In theshi
ing industry,
the To
age ofa boat
ed to the
number ofTons of
wine it could
Itis equal to 2,
Pounds,
907.185Kilograms,
or 0.907
Metric Tons.The a
reviation for the Ton is T.For more information s
`Pound'.
Ton (long) -
;The long Ton is also known as aton-weight or gro
ton. It is thesame as
1.12 Tons,
2,240 Pounds,or
1.016
Metric
Tons.
For moreinformation s
`Pounds'.
Cental -
AThe Cental is also known as aHundredweight.
The prefix Cent isfor 1
which in
this case is 1
Pounds or
45.359
Kilograms.
reviation for
Cental is cwt orhwt.
For more information s
thesection `Pound'.
Cental (long) -
8The long
Cental is
equivalen
o 8 Stones,
2 Pounds,
or 50.8Kilograms.
Slug -
BThe Slug is also
known as theG
pound.
The Slug
is equivalen
o 32.2 Pounds or 14.59 Kilograms.It is a
unit of ma
which, whenacted upon by a force of one Poundacquires an a
eleration of one
ft/sec/sec.
reviation forthe Slug
is sl.
For more
infor-mation s
`Pound'.
Stone -
Stone
avoirdupoisweight of
measurement.
It is thesame as 1/8 of a hundredweight, 14Pounds,
Kilograms.
Formore information s
`Pound'.
Pound -
@ The Pound is the English systemstandard of mass which is exactly0.45359237 Kilograms. The Poundis defined as the mass of a bodyweighing 1 Pound at the standardacceleration of gravity (980.665cm/sec
). Originally the Pound was1/56 of the weight of the half-hundredweight of Alfred the Great.The Italian Pound was called theLibra which was abbreviated lb andis used today. The word Pound camefrom the Roman word pondus.
Pound (apothecary or Troy) -
*Apothecaries' weight is used forcompounding medical
prescriptionsand
Troy weight
is for
preciousmetals.
The avoirdupois
Pound islarger than the Troy or apothecaryPound (7,
Grains to 5,760) butOunces is
reversed - the Ounce is437.5 Grains where the others have480 Grains.
The Troy Pound equals0.373 Kilograms, 0.8
8 Pounds, or96
Drams.
The a
reviationis lb (ap).
more informations
Ounce (ap).
Ounce -
@The Ounce is equal to 16 Drams,1/16 Pound,
or 28.35
Grams.
Theword
Ounce was
derived
from theRoman
uncia.
ItalianOunce was ca
an onzia and wasa
reviated
which
used today.
For more
informations
`Pound'.
Ounce (apothecary or Troy) -
+The apothecary or Troy Ounce isalso ca
a fine
Ounce.
It islarger than
the avoirdupois Ounce(480 Grains compared to 437.5). Itis also equal to 1.097 Ounces,
24Scruples, or 31.1 Grams. The Brit-ish Weights
Measures
Act of1878 abolished the use of Troy andapothecary
weights but
the Grain(1/7,
of a Pound)
and the fineOunce remained for precious metalsand stones.
of early Egypt.The Grain is the only unit that isthe same in the Troy,
apothecary,and avoirdupois systems.
Cubic Kilometer -
7A Cubic Kilometer
is equal to1 bi
Cubic Meters
or 0.23
Cubic Miles. The prefix Kilo means1,
10^3.
Since volume is acubic measurement,
cubed is1 bi
ion (10^9). The a
reviationfor Cubic Kilometer
is km^3.
Formore
information s
the section`Cubic Meter'.
Cubic Hectometer -
6A Cubic Hectometer is equal to1
Cubic
Meters
1.3mi
Cubic
Yards.
The prefixHecto is 1
or 10^2. Since Volumeis cubic in nature, 1
cubed is 1mi
(10^6).
The a
reviationfor Cubic Hectometer is hm^3.
Formore
information s
the section`Cubic Meter'.
Cubic Dekameter -
7A Cubic Dekameter
is equal to1,
Cubic Meters
or 1,308 CubicYards.
The prefix
Deka means tenor 10^1.
Since volume
is a cubicmeasurement,
is 1 thousand.The
reviation
CubicDekameter is dkm^3 or cu dkm.
Formore
information s
the section`Cubic Meter'.
Dekastere -
<A Dekastere
(for Deka)Stere (Cubic Meters),
13.08 cubicYards, or 353 Cubic F
t. For moreinformation s
`Stere'.
Stere -
@A Stere is the
same as a CubicMeter which
is 1.3 Cubic Yards or35.3 Cubic F
The Stere is thestandard MKS system measurement ofVolume.
Cubic Meter -
:A Cubic meter
is the same as aStere which
is 1.3 Cubic Yards or35.3
Cubic F
The Cubic Meteris the standard MKS system for themeasurement of Volume.
Decistere -
<A Decistere
is 0.1
(for Deci)Stere (Cubic Meters),
0.131 CubicYards, or 3.5 Cubic F
t. For moreinformation s
`Stere'.
Cubic Decimeter -
7A Cubic Decimeter
is equal to1/1,
Cubic
Meter,
61.02 CubicInches,
The prefixDeci
means
0.1 or
10^-1.
Sincevolume is a cubic measurement, 0.1cubed is 1/1,
. The a
reviationfor Cubic Decimeter
is dm^3.
Formore
information s
the section`Cubic Meter'.
Cubic Centimeter -
6A Cubic Centimeter is equal to1 mi
ionth of a Cubic Meter, 1
Cubic Mi
imters,
or 0.061
CubicInches.
prefix
Centi
means1/1
or 10^-2.
Since volume is acubic measurement,
cubed is1 mi
ionth.
The a
reviation forCubic
Centimeter is
.For more
information
`CubicMeter'.
Cubic Mi
imeter -
6A Cubic Mi
imeter is equal to1 bi
ionth
Cubic Meter, or0.0162
Minims.
The prefix
imeans 1/1,
or 10^-3.
Since theunits of volume is cubic,
cubed is 1 bi
ionth.
The a
rev-iation
Cubic
imeter
information
`Cubic Meter'.
Cubic Mile -
;A Cubic Mile equals 4.2 bi
ionCubic
Meters, 5.45
ion CubicYards, or 1.47 x 10^
Cubic F
Cubic Yard -
;A Cubic Yard equals 0.765 CubicMeters,
27 Cubic
21.7Bushels.
Cubic F
;A Cubic F
t equals 0.028 CubicMeters, 1,728 Cubic Inches,
or 12Board F
reviation forCubic F
is ft^3.
thoughthe F
the FPS
standard forlength measurement,
the Bushel isthe standard for dry Volume.
Cubic Inch -
:A Cubic Inch equals 1.64 x 10^-5Cubic Meters, 1.9 Gi
s, or 16.387Cubic Centimeters. An a
reviationfor Cubic Inch
is in^3
or cu in.For more
information
`CubicF
Cord -
@A Cord is 128 Cubic F
t or 3.62Cubic Meters.
early
England,it was
icult
to ca
a Rodwhile cu
d so they made alight rope (Cord)
that equa
ed aRod in length (16.5 F
It hadknots an
apart
(0.1 Rod).
ACord of w
d meant a pile that hada length, width,
and height whichtotaled the length of their Cord.
Bushel -
?A Bushel is 0.035 Cubic Meters,4 Pecks,
or 1.24 Cubic F
OurBushel (the London Bushel) came toAmerica
with the
Colonists.
TheBushel
origina
64 wine-pints or 64 Pounds.
The Bushel isthe FPS system standard volume andis exactly 2,150.42 Cubic Inches.
Peck -
BA Peck is 0.
Cubic Meters,0.3
Cubic
or 2 Ga
ons.In the
Anglo-Saxon
measures, thefo
owing dry volumes were used:
1 measure-fu
=1 cubic handbreadth1 Peck = 8 measure-fu
16 Pecks = 1 hlot (or lot)
@A Ga
on is
4 Quarts,
Cubic Meters, or 512 Gi
Sincethe dry Ga
on is derived from theBushel (Ga
on = 1/8 Bushel),
thedry
Quart,
and Pint areabout 1/6 larger than their liquidmeasures.
For this reason, solidsare usua
y sold
by Weight ratherthan
Volume.
The British
onwas
origina
the Volume
of 10Pounds of c
l water.
Quart -
AA Quart is
67.2 Cubic Inches,0.
Cubic Meters,
or 2 Pints.For more information s
Pint -
BA Pint is 64 Gi
s, 2 Cups, or
0.6 Cubic Centimeters.
The London
Pint was
defined fromthe fo
owing:
1 Poundus = 1/60 weight of a CubicF
t of water. A container holdinga Poundus of wine (1/60 of a CubicF
t) was ca
ed a Pint.
For moreinformation s
Cup -
CA Cup
Fluidounces,
s, or 275.3 Cubic Centimeters.For more information s
Fluidounce -
<A Fluidounce is 2 Tablesp
ns,1/8
or 34.4Cubic Centimeters. For more infor-mation s
Tablesp
;A Tablesp
n is 1/2 Ounce, 17.2Cubic
Centimeters,
Teasp
ns.For more detailed
information s
Teasp
=A Teasp
is 1/3
Tablesp
n,5.7
Cubic
Centimeters,
0.35Cubic Inches. For more informations
Fluidram -
=A Fluidram is 1/2 Gi
0.2625Cubic Inches, or 4.3
For moreinformation s
Hogshead -
=A Hogshead is 63 Ga
ons, 0.363Cubic Yards, or 0.2
Cubic Meter.For more information s
?A Ba
el is 0.
6 Cubic Meters,4.08 Cubic F
or 3.28 Bushels.For more information s
Liter -
@A Liter is a liquid measurementbut is shown here for comparisons.It is 0.0353 Cubic F
t, 1,
.027Cubic Centimeters,
or 0.
27Cubic Meters.
Acre-F
<An Acre-F
t is 1,613.
CubicYards or
Cubic Meters.This is a unit
used by i
igationengin
rs and is equivalent to theamount of water
required to coverone level Acre to the depth of oneF
Board F
;A Board
2,360
CubicCentimeters,
Cubic Inches, or1/12 Cubic F
It is the co
onunit for
logs and
lumber
in theUnited States.
A board that is 1"thick and 1 ft. by 1 ft. is ca
eda Board F
@A Gi
is 8.6 Cubic Centimeters,0.525 Cubic Inches,
or 1/4 Ounce.For more information s
Minim -
?A Minim is 0.
376 Cubic Inches,61.6 Cubic Mi
imeters,
or 0.0143Fluidrams. It is roughly one drop.
Kiloliter -
;The prefix Kilo means 1
, thatin this case is
Liters, 264Ga
ons, or 1.
27 Cubic Meters.The a
reviation
for Kiloliter iskl.
For more
information s
thesection `Liter'.
Hectoliter -
:The prefix Hecto means 1
, thatin this case is
Liters, 26.41Ga
or 3.53 Cubic F
reviation for Hectoliter is hl.For more information s
`Liter'.
Dekaliter -
<The prefix Deka means 10, whichin this case is
10 Liters, 2.6417Ga
ons, or 610 Cubic Inches.
reviation for Dekaliter is dkl.For more information s
`Liter'.
Liter -
@ The Liter is the MKS standardfor liquid Volume. It was definedoriginally as 1,000 Cubic Centi-meters but has been redefined as1,000 Grams of pure water at its maximum density (4
C.). Carefulmeasurement has shown that a Literis equal to 1000.027 Cubic Centi-meters making the dry and liquidvolumes offset slightly. In mostcircumstances, this difference is insignificant.
Deciliter -
<The prefix Deci means 1/10 thatin this case is 0.1 Liters, 3.3814Fluidounces,
or 6.1 Cubic Inches.The a
reviation
for Deciliter isdl.
For more
information s
the`Liter'.
Centiliter -
:The prefix
Centi means 1/1
orin this case is
0.01 Liters, 0.61Cubic Inches,
or 2.029 Teasp
ns.The a
reviation for Centiliter iscl.
For more
information s
the`Liter'.
iliter -
;The prefix
i means 1/1,
in this
case is
0.203 Teasp
ns,0.
Liters,
or 1.
CubicCentimeters.
The a
reviation forMi
iliter
is ml.
For a
itionalinformation s
`Liter'.
Cubic Centimeter -
6A Cubic Centimeter is equal to1 mi
ionth of a Cubic Meter, 1
Cubic Mi
imeters, or 0.061
CubicInches.
prefix
Centi
means1/1
or 10^-2.
Since volume is acubic measurement,
cubed is1 mi
ionth.
The a
reviation forCubic
Centimeter is
.For more
information
`CubicMeter'.
Cubic Meter -
:A Cubic meter
is the same as aStere which
is 1.3 Cubic Yards or35.3
Cubic F
The Cubic Meteris the standard MKS system for themeasurement of Volume.
?A Ga
on equals 4 Quarts, 3.785Liters, or 231 Cubic Inches. Sincethe dry Ga
on is derived from theBushel
on = 1/8 Bushel), thedry Ga
Quart,
Pint areabout 1/6 larger than these liquidmeasures.
The British
on wasorigina
y the volume of 10 Poundsof c
l water.
Quart -
@A Quart is 2 Pints, 57.75 CubicInches, or 0.946 Liters.
For moreinformation s
Pint -
AA Pint is 2 Cups,
28.875 CubicInches, or 473.2 Mi
iliters.
TheLondon Pint
was defined
from thefo
owing:
1 Poundus = 1/60 weight of a CubicF
t of water. A container holdinga Poundus of wine (1/60 of a CubicF
t) was ca
ed a Pint.
For moreinformation s
Cup -
BA Cup is 8 Fluidounces, 1/16 ofa Ga
236.6
iliters.For more information s
Fluidounce -
;A Fluidounce is
2 Tablesp
ns,29.57 Mi
iliters, 1/16 of a Pint,or 1.805 Cubic Inches. The a
rev-iation for
Fluidounce
fl oz.For more information s
Tablesp
;A Tablesp
is 3.0 Teasp
ns,14.8 Mi
iliters,
0.902 CubicInches.
The a
reviation
for theTablesp
n is Tbl.
For a
itionalinformation s
Teasp
=A Teasp
n is 4.93 Mi
iliters,0.3 Cubic
Inches,
or 80
Minims.The a
reviation
Teasp
n istsp.
For more information s
the`Ga
Cubic Yard -
;A Cubic
Yard is
764.6 Liters,0.765 Cubic
Meters,
or 27
CubicF
The a
reviation
for CubicYard is yd^3. For more informations
`Bushel'.
Cubic F
;A Cubic F
t is 7.4805 Ga
ons,28.3 Liters, or 1728 Cubic Inches.The a
reviation for Cubic F
t iscu ft.
information s
`Bushel'.
Cubic Inch -
;A Cubic Inch
is 265.97 Minims,16.38 Mi
iliters,
or 0.
Fluid-ounces. The a
reviation for CubicInch is ft^3 or cu ft.
el (B
is 31
ons,1.173 Hectoliters,
or 4.1
CubicF
British
el was anoak wine
keg holding 30 Pounds ofwine.
The a
reviation for Ba
elis
el (Oil) -
9An Oil
el is 42.0 Ga
ons,158.
Liters, or 5.62 Cubic F
t.The a
reviation for the Ba
el is
Bushel -
?A Bushel is 9.31
ons, 35.2Liters,
or 1.2
Cubic F
OurBushel (the London Bushel) came toAmerica with the Colonists. It wasorigina
y defined
as a volume tohold 64
wine-pints
or 64 Pounds.The Bushel is the
standard volumein the FPS
system and
is exactly2,150.42 Cubic Inches.
Peck -
A A Peck is 537.6 Cubic Inches,
Bushel, or 8.81 Liters. For moreinformation see `Bushel'.
Fluidram -
=A Fluidram
is 1/8
Fluidounce,3.697
iliters,
or 60 Minims.The a
reviation
Fluidram isfl dr.
Gill -
A A Gill is 32 Fluidrams,
Pint,or 118.3 Milliliters. The abbrev-iation for Gill is gi.
Minim -
?A Minim is
0.0616
iliters,0.
376 Cubic Inches,
or 1/8 Tea-sp
It is
roughly
one drop. The a
reviation for Minim is min.
Quartern -
<A Quartern is a
British measurewhich is
8.3 Mi
iliters or 7.
Cubic Inches.
Hogshead -
<A Hogshead is
63 Ga
ons or 238Liters.
The a
reviation
for theHogshead is
Tun -
AA Tun is 954 Liters,
.69 CubicF
or 252 Ga
A brewer'sfermenting
vat or
the amount
ofmalt liquor fermented at one oper-ation was ca
ed a Tun.
Firkin -
>A Firkin is 34.07
Liters, 1.203Cubic F
t, or 9 Ga
Pounds of water -
4 A standard method for determiningvolume is by a certain weight ofwater. The volume of water doeschange with temperature so moststandards are for the volume ofwater at its maximum density whichit 4
Kilograms of water -
1 A standard method for determiningvolume is by a certain weight ofwater. The volume of water doeschange with temperature so moststandards are for the volume ofwater at its maximum density whichit 4
Square Kilometers -
4 The prefix Kilo means 1,000 or10^3. Since Area is a squaredmeasurement, 1,000 squared is onemillion which in this case is onemillion Square Kilometers, 0.386Square Miles, or 247 Acres. Theabbreviation for Square Kilometeris km
Hectare -
?A Hectare is
Are,
Square Meters, or 2.47 Acres.
reviation
Hectare
is ha.For more information s
`Are'.
Square Hectometer -
4 A Square Hectometer is 10,000Square Meters, 1 Hectare, or 2.47Acres. The abbreviation for theHectometer is hc
Square Dekameter -
4 A Square Dekameter is 100 SquareMeters, 3.95 Square Rods, or 119.6Square Yards. The abbreviation forDekameter is dkm
Are -
BAn Are is 3.95 Square Rods, 1
Square
Meters,
SquareYards.
reviation
for Areis a.
Centare -
=A Centare is 1.196 Square Yards,1 Square Meter, or 0.01 of an Are.The a
reviation
for the
Centareis ca.
Square Meter -
: A Square Meter is the standardmetric system Area measurement. Itis the same as 1.196 Square Yards,1 Centare, or 10,000 Square Centi-meters. The abbreviation for theSquare Meter is m
Square Decimeter -
4 A Square Decimeter is 1/100 of aSquare Meter, 15.5 Square Inches,or 100 Square Centimeters. Theabbreviation for Square Decimeterdm
Square Centimeter -
4 A Square Centimeter is 0.0001of a Square Meter, 0.155 SquareInches, or 100 Square Millimeters.The abbreviation for Square Centi-meter is cm
Square Millimeter -
4 A Square Millimeter is 0.00155Square Inches, 1 millionth SquareMeter, or 1,550 Mil
. The abbrev-iation for Square Millimeter ismm
Township -
=A Township is 36
Square Miles,93.24 Square Kilometers, or 23,040Acres.
The Township
is a unit ofArea for surveying
public land inthe United States. It is six Mile
quare and
is subdivided
into 36Sections of one Square Mile each.
Section -
>A Section is 1 Square Mile, 640Acres,
or 2.59 Square Kilometers.There are
36 Sections
in a Town-ship.
information
`Township'.
Square Furlong -
7 A Square Furlong is 4 Hectares,10 Acres, or 40 Roods. The abbrev-iation for Square Furlong is fur
.The word Furlong came from the OldEnglish word furlang from `fuhr'or furrow and `lang' or long. Formore information see `Acre'.
Rood (British) -
7 A Rood is a British measurementof Area which is
Acre, 40 SquareRods, or 1,012 Square Meters.
Barn -
B A Barn is a measurement of thenuclear cross section. It is theexpression `a/bc' where `a' is thenumber of processes occurring, `b'the number of incident particles,and `c' is the number of targetnucleii per cm
. There are nuclearcross sections for fission, slowneutron capture, Compton collisionand ionization by electron impact.It is equal to 1 x 10^-28 SquareMeters. The abbreviation for Barnis
Circular Mil -
9A Circular
Mil is 0.785 SquareMil or 7.85 x 10^-7 Square Inches.It is the
within
circlewith a diameter
1 of an Inch.This unit is used for the measure-ment of sma
circular areas suchas the cro
-section of a wire.
Square Mile -
9 A Square Mile is 640 Acres, 2.59Square Kilometers, or 1 Section.The abbreviation for Square Mileis mi
Acre -
AAn Acre is 4,047 Square Meters,10 Square
Chains, or
SquareRods.
The a
reviation
Acreis A.
The Sco
Acre is 6,150Square
Yards, the
Irish
Acre is7,840 Square Yards and the EnglishAcre is
4,840
Square
Yards.
Inearly England a plot of land whichwas 10
Chainlengths
and 10Chainlengths wide was 10 Acres.
Square Chain -
9A Square Chain is
404.7 SquareMeters,
484 Square
Yards,
or 16Square Rods.
For more informations
`Acre'.
Square Rod -
; A Square Rod is 30.25 SquareYards, 25.3 Square Meters, or 625Square Links. The abbreviation forSquare Rod is rd
Square Yard -
: A Square Yard is 9 Square Feet,20.66 Square Yards or 0.836 SquareMeters. The abbreviation for theSquare Yard is yd
Square Foot -
: A Square Foot is the Englishsystem standard Area measurement.It is 144 Square Inches, 929.03Square Centimeters, or 2.30 SquareLinks. The abbreviation for theSquare Foot is ft
Square Link -
: A Square Link is 404.7 SquareCentimeters or 62.7 Square Inches.The abbreviation for Square Linkis li
Square Inch -
: A Square Inch is 6.452 SquareCentimeters or 1 million SquareMils. The abbreviation for SquareInch is in
Square Pole -
:A Square
Pole is the same as aSquare
It is
30.25
SquareYards or 25.3 Square Meters.
Square Perch -
9A Square Perch is the same as aSquare
It is
30.25
SquareYards or 25.3 Square Meters.
Square Mil -
; A Square Mil is 1 millionth ofa Square Inch, 1.27 Circular Mils,or 0.000645 Square Millimeters.The abbreviation for Square Mil isMil
Square Micrometer -
4 The Square Micrometer is 10^-6(1 millionth) of a Square Meter,0.785 Circular Millimeters, or 1Square Millimeters. The abbrev-iation for Square Micrometer is
Circular Mi
imeter -
2The Circular
imeter is theArea within
a circle
has adiameter
imeter.
It isthe metric
equivalent of CircularMil or 1.27 Square
imeters or1,973.5
Square
Mils.
moreinformation s
`Circular Mil'.
Gram/Stere -
;A Gram/Stere is 0.
1 Kilogramsper Cubic
Meter, 1,
Parts permi
igramsper Liter.
reviation
forGram/Stere
gm/m^3.
moreinformation
`Stere'
theVolume section.
Hectogram/Stere -
6An Hectogram/Stere
igrams/Liter, 0.169 Pounds perCubic
Yard, or 0.1
Kilograms perCubic Meter.
The a
reviation forHectogram/Stere is hg/m^3.
Grams/Ga
8A Gram/Ga
on is 0.264 Kilogramsper Cubic Meter,
264.2 Mi
igramsper Liter,
or 0.
Pounds/CubicYard.
The a
reviation
for Gram/Ga
on is gm/gal.
igram/Mi
iliter -
1A Mi
igram/Mi
iliter is 1,
igrams/Liter,
731 Kilo-grams/Cubic Meter, or 1.69 Pounds/Cubic
Yard.
The a
reviation forMi
igrams/Mi
iliter is mg/ml.
Kilogram/Cubic Meter -
1A Kilogram/Cubic Meter is 1.686Pounds/Cubic Yard, 1 mi
ion Partsper mi
or 1,
i-grams/Liter.
The a
reviation forKilogram/Cubic Meter is kg/m^3.
Gram/Liter -
;A Gram/Liter
is 1.686
Pounds/Cubic Yard,
Kilograms/Cubic Meter,
or 1,
igrams/Liter.
The a
reviation for Gram/Liter is gm/l.
Demal -
@A Demal is
1.686
Pounds/CubicYard, 1,
igrams/Liter,or
Kilogram/Cubic
Meter.
reviation for Demal is gm/dm^3.
Microgram/Cubic Millimeter -
+ A Microgram/Cubic Millimeter is1,000.027 Milligrams/Liter, 1.686Pounds/Cubic Yard, or 1 Kilogram/Cubic Meter. The abbreviation forthe Microgram/Cubic Millimeter is
g/mm^3.
Kilogram/Hectoliter -
2A Kilogram/Hectoliter
is 8.428Tons/Cubic Yard, 9,
.7 Kilogram/Cubic Meter, or 10 Kilogram/Liter.The a
reviation for the Kilogram/Hectoliter is kg/hl.
Centigram/Cubic Centimeter -
+A Centigram/Cubic Centimeter is10.
27 Gram/Liter, 10 Kilograms/Cubic Meter, or 16.86 Pounds/CubicYard.
reviation
theCentigram/Cubic Centimeter is cg/ cm^3 or cg/
Gram/Cubic Inch -
5A Gram/Cubic Inch is 3.81 Pound/Cubic F
61.02
Kilogram/CubicMeter, or 0.1345 Pound/Liter.
reviation
for Gram/Cubic
Inchis gm/in^3.
igram/Liter -
6A Mi
igram/Liter
.9729Parts per mi
or 1 Microgram/Mi
iliter.
The a
reviation
forMi
igram/Liter is mg/l.
Kilogram/Ga
4A Kilogram/Ga
on is 16.49 Pound/Cubic
264.2 Kilogram/CubicMeter, or 2.205 Pound/Ga
reviation
Kilogram/Ga
onis kg/gal.
Kilogram/Liter -
6A Kilogram/Liter is 62.43 Pound/Cubic F
.973 Kilogram/CubicMeter,
or 1,
igram/Mi
i-liter.
reviation
for theKilogram/Liter is kg/l.
Gram/Mi
iliter -
5A Gram/Mi
iliter is 1 Kilogram/Liter,
62.43 Pound/Cubic F
t, or
.973 Kilogram/Cubic Meter.
reviation
Gram/Mi
iliteris gm/ml.
Metric Ton/Stere -
5A Metric Ton/Stere
is 1.
27Kilogram/Liter, 8.35 Pound/Ga
on,or 1,
Kilogram/Cubic Meter. Thea
reviation for
Metric Ton/Stereis To
e/m^3.
igram/Cubic Mi
imeter -
+A Mi
igram/Cubic Mi
imeter is1.
Gram/Mi
iliter,
8.345Pound/Ga
or 1,
Kilogram/Cubic Meter.
The a
reviation forthe
igram/Cubic Mi
imeter ismg/
Microgram/Milliliter -
2 A Microgram/Milliliter is 0.1Milligram/Deciliter or 999.97 Partper million. The abbreviation forMicrogram/Milliliter is
g/ml.
Grain/Cubic F
5A Grain/Cubic
t is 0.
3857Pound/Cubic Yard, 0.
23 Kilogram/Cubic Meter,
or 2.2
igram/Liter. The a
reviation for Grain/Cubic F
t is gr/ft^3.
Pound/Cubic Yard -
5A Pound/Cubic
Yard is 593.2924Mi
igram/Liter, 0.59328 Kilogram/Cubic Meter, or 0.5926 Ounce/CubicF
t. The a
reviation
for Pound/Cubic Yard is lb/yd^3.
Ounce/Cubic F
5An Ounce/Cubic F
t is 1,
1.18Mi
igram/Liter, 1.
5 Kilogram/Cubic Meter, or 1.6875 Pound/CubicYard. The a
reviation
for Ounce/Cubic F
t is oz/ft^3.
Parts per mi
ion -
4A Part per mi
reviated
It is equal
ionthof a Kilogram/Cubic
Meter, 62.427bi
ionths of a
Pound/Cubic F
t,or .
27 Mi
igram/Liter.
Pound/Bushel -
9A Pound/Bushel is
0.804 Pound/Cubic
12.87 Kilogram/CubicMeter,
or 21.7
Pound/Cubic Yard.The a
reviation
for Pound/Bushelis lb/bu.
Pound/Cubic F
5A Pound/Cubic F
t is 16 Ounce/Cubic F
16.02
Kilogram/CubicMeter, or 27 Pound/Cubic Yard. Thea
reviation for
Pound/Cubic F
tis lb/ft^3.
Pound/Ga
9A Pound/Ga
is 0.
98 Gram/Mi
iliter,
Kilogram/CubicMeter,
or 0.264 Pound/Liter.
reviation
Pound/Ga
on islb/gal.
Pound/Liter -
9A Pound/Liter is 453.6 Kilogram/Cubic Meter, 1.72 Kilogram/Ga
on,or 3.785 Pound/Ga
on. The a
rev-iation for Pound/Liter is lb/l.
Slug/Cubic F
4A Slug/Cubic F
t is 32.17 Pound/Cubic F
t, 40.04 Pound/Bushel, or515.4
Kilogram/Cubic
Meter.
reviation
for Slug/Cubic
tis s/ft^3.
Ton/Cubic Yard -
6A Ton/Cubic Yard is 9.902 Pound/Ga
on, 2,
Pound/Cubic Yard, or1,186.6 Kilogram/Cubic Meter.
reviation for Ton/Cubic Yard isT/yd^3.
Ton/Cubic F
6A Ton/Cubic F
t is 2,
Pound/Cubic F
32,037 Kilogram/CubicMeter,
or 27 Ton/Cubic Yard.
reviation for Ton/Cubic F
t isT/ft^3.
Pound/Cubic Inch -
4A Pound/Cubic Inch is 231 Pound/Ga
on, 1,728 Pound/Cubic F
t, or27,680 Kilogram/Cubic
Meter.
reviation for
Pound/Cubic Inchis lb/in^3.
Parts per bi
ion -
2A Part per bi
ion is a
reviated
It is
equal to
ionthof a Kilogram/Cubic Meter or 0.
1Parts per mi
igram/Deciliter -
igram/Deciliter
is 10.0Mi
igram/Liter,
0.0168
Pound/Cubic Yard, or 0.
7 Kilogram/Cubic Meter.
The a
reviation forMi
igram/Deciliter is mg/dl.
Kilogram/Millimeter
1 A Kilogram/Millimeter
is 102.4Tons/Square Foot, 1 million Kilo-grams/Square Meter, or 96.785Atmospheres. The abbreviation forKilogram/Millimeter
is kg/mm
Metric Tons/Millimeter
. A Metric Ton/Millimeter is onebillion Kilograms/Square Meter,711.2 Tons/Square Inch, or 96,785Atmospheres. The abbreviation forMetric Tons/Millimeter
is Tonnes/mm
Kilograms/Centimeter
0 A Kilogram/Centimeter
is 14.22Pounds/Square Inch, 10,000 Kilo-grams/Square Meter, or 10 Tonnes/Square Meter. The abbreviation forKilograms/Centimeter
is kg/cm
Grams/Centimeter
4 A Gram/Centimeter
is 10 Kilo-grams/Square Meter, 98.07 Pascals,or 2.048 Pounds/Square Foot. Theabbreviation for Grams/Centimeter
is gm/cm
Kilograms/Meter
5 A Kilogram/Meter
is the metricsystem standard pressure. It is98.07 Barye, 9.807 Pascal, or 3.28Ounces/Foot
. The abbreviation forKilograms/Meter
is kg/m
Dynes/Centimeter
4 A Dyne/Centimeter
is 1 Barye,0.0102 Kilograms/Meter
, or 0.0021Pounds/Foot
. The abbreviation forDynes/Centimeter
is d/cm
Barye -
@ A Barye is 1 Dyne/Centimeter
,0.0102 Kilograms/Meter
, or 0.0021Pounds/Foot
. The word Barye isGreek meaning heavy. The abbrev-iation for Barye is d/cm
Inches of Mercury -
4 An Inch of Mercury is 345.3Kilograms/Meter
, 13.6 Inches H
O,or 0.491 Pounds/Inch
. This isthe height of a column of Mercurythat would be supported by a cert-ain Pressure. The abbreviationfor Inches of Mercury is in Hg.
Centimeters of Mercury -
/ A Centimeter of Mercury is 13.6Centimeters of Water, 135.95 Kilo-gram/Meter
, or 0.193 Pound/Inch
.This is the height of a column ofMercury that would support a cert-ain Pressure. The abbreviation ofCentimeters of Mercury is cm Hg.
Millimeters of Mercury -
/ A Millimeter of Mercury is 13.6Kilograms/Meter
, 13.6 Millimetersof Water, or 2.78 Pounds/Foot
.The abbreviation for Millimetersof Mercury is mm Hg.
Feet of Water -
8 A Foot of Water is 62.4 Pounds/Foot
, 0.43 Pounds/Inch
, or 304.8Kilograms/Meter
. The abbreviationfor Feet of Water is ft H
Millimeters of Water -
1 A Millimeter of Water is 0.205Pounds/Foot
, 1 Kilogram/Meter
,or 0.0736 Millimeters of Mercury.The abbreviation for Millimetersof Water is mm H
Inches of Water -
6 A Inch of Water is 5.20 Pounds/Foot
, 25.4 Kilograms/Meter
, or2.54 Centimeters of Water. Theabbreviation for Inches of Wateris in H
Centimeters of Water -
1 A Centimeter of Water is 0.394Inches of Water, 10 Kilograms/Meter
, or 2.05 Pounds/Foot
. Theabbreviation for Centimeters ofWater is cm H
Meters of Water -
5 A Meter of Water is 1.42 Pounds/Inch
, 1,000 Kilograms/Meter
, or3.28 Feet of Water. The abbreviat-ion for Meters of Water is m H
Atmospheres -
: An Atmosphere is the normal airpressure at sea level at 0
C. Itis equal to 760 Torr, 33.9 ft H
O,or 14.7 Pounds/Inch
. The abbrev-iation for Atmosphere is ATM.
Bars -
@ A Bar is 0.987 Atmospheres, 14.5Pounds/Inch
, 10,197 Kilograms/Meter
, or 1,000 Millibars.
Millibars -
< A Millibar is 1.02 Centimetersof H
O, 2.09 Pounds/Foot
, 1,000Dynes/Centimeter
, or 10.2 Kilo-grams/Meter
. The abbreviation forMillibar is Mb.
Tons/Foot
; A Ton/Foot
is 9,765 Kilograms/Meter
, 13.9 Pounds/Inch
, or 9.76Tonnes/Meter
. The abbreviationfor Tons/Foot
is T/ft
Pounds/Inch
9 A Pound/Inch
is 27.7 Inches ofWater, 703.1 Kilograms/Meter
, or144 Pounds/Foot
. The abbreviationfor Pounds/Inch
is lb/in
Ounces/Inch
9 A Ounce/Inch
is 1.73 Inches ofWater, 43.9 Kilograms/Meter
, or9 Pounds/Foot
. The abbreviationfor Ounces/Inch
is oz/in
Pounds/Foot
8 A Pound/Foot
is 4.88 Kilograms/Meter
, 116.3 Poundals/Foot
, or0.192 Inches of Water. The abbrev-iation for Pound/Foot
is lb/ft
Tons/Inch
; A Ton/Inch
is 140.6 Kilograms/Centimeter
, 130.6 Tonnes/Foot
,or 136.1 Atmospheres. The abbrev-iation for Tons/Inch
is T/in
Metric Tons/Foot
3 A Metric Ton/Foot
is 1.08 Kilo-grams/Centimeter
, 10.8 Meters ofWater, or 15.3 Pounds/Inch
. Theabbreviation for Metric Tons/Foot
is Tonne/ft
Metric Tons/Meter
3 A Metric Ton/Meter
is 1 Meterof Water, 1,000 Kilograms/Meter
,or 1.42 Pounds/Inch
. The abbrev-iation for Metric Tons/Meter
isTonne/m
Slugs/Foot
9 A Slug/Foot
is 157.1 Kilograms/Meter
, 32.17 Pounds/Inch
, or 6.2Inches of H
O. The abbreviationfor Slug/Foot
is s/ft
Poundal/Foot
7 A Poundal/Foot
is 0.138 Ounces/Foot
, 0.042 Kilograms/Meter
, or0.412 Pascal.
Pascal -
= A Pascal is 1 Newton/Centimeter
,0.102 Kilograms/Meter
, or 0.0209Pounds/Foot
. The abbreviation forPascal is N/m
Kilopascal -
; A Kilopascal is 10 Millibars,101.97 Kilograms/Meter
, or 20.89Pounds/Foot
Newtons/Centimeter
2 A Newton/Centimeter
is 0.0209Pounds/Foot
, 1 Pascal, or 0.102Kilograms/Meter
. The abbreviationfor Newtons/Centimeter
is N/cm
Torr -
? A Torr is defined as 1 Millimeterof Mercury and is equal to 13.59Kilograms/Meter
, 1.333 Millibars,or 2.784 Pounds/Foot
Ounces/Foot
; An Ounce/Foot
is 2.99 Pascal,0.305 Kilograms/Meter
, or 1/16 ofa Pound/Foot
. The abbreviationfor Ounce/Foot
is oz/ft
Metric Ton -
9The Metric Ton is a metric syste
easurement
of ma
The MetricTon is equivalent to 2,204 Pounds,1,
Kilograms,
or 1.102
Tons.The a
reviation for Metric Ton isTo
e. The old tun-weight was madeof 1,
measure weights.
Quintal -
?The Quintal is a metric syste
easurement
of ma
The Quintalis
equivalent to
Pounds,1
Kilograms,
or 980.7
Newtons.The a
reviation for Quintal is q.The Quintal
is also
known as themetric
centner.
Myriagram -
;The Myriagram is a metric syste
easurement
of ma
It has th
quavalence
Pounds, 10Kilograms,
or 98.07
Newtons. Thea
reviation for
Myriagram is Mg.The r
myri is Gr
k for myrioimeaning
thousand.
Kilogram -
= The Kilogram is a metric systemmeasurement of mass. It has theequivalence of 2.2046 Pounds, 70.9Poundals, or 9.807 Newtons. Anabbreviation for Kilogram is kg.The mass of a particular cylinderof platinum-iridium alloy, calledthe International Protype Kilogramis preserved at S
vres, France. Itmass equal to that of 0.001
027cubic meters of pure water at 4
Cat 760 mm Hg. It has a weight of1 kg at sea level at 45
latitude.
Newton -
? The Newton is the metric systemmeasurement of force. It has theequivalence of 0.2248 Pounds, 7.23Poundals, or 0.102 Kilograms. Theabbreviation for Newton is N. OneNewton is the force required toaccelerate a Mass of 1 Kilogram by1 Meter/Second
Hectogram -
;The Hectogram is a metric syste
easurement
of ma
The prefixHecto is for
in this case for1
grams, 0.981 Newtons, or 3.527Ounces.
The a
reviation for theHectogram is hg.
Dekagram -
=The Dekagram is a metric syste
easurement
of ma
The prefixDeka means
10 which in
this caseis 10 grams, 9,807 dynes, or 0.353Ounces.
The a
reviation
for theDekagram is dkg.
Gram -
@The Gram was origina
y intendedto be the
defining unit
of ma
,and the units are named around thegram (Kilogram,
igram, etc.),although
the actual defining unitis the Kilogram.
A gram is 0.
1Kilograms, 980.7 Dynes, or 0.03527Ounces.
The word
Gram came
froma French word
which means weight.
Decigram -
=The Decigram is a metric syste
easurement
of ma
The prefixDeci means 0.1 which in
this caseis 0.1 grams,
igrams,
or98.07 Dynes.
The a
reviation forDecigram is dg.
Centigram -
;The Centigram is a metric syste
easurement
of ma
The prefixCenti means
in this case is0.01 grams,
9.807 Dynes, or 0.154Grains.
The a
reviation
for theCentigram is cg.
Dyne -
@ The Dyne is a metric system unitof Force. It is equivalent to 1.02Milligrams, 1.0 x 10^-5 Newtons,or 0.016 Grains. The abbreviationfor Dyne is d. A Dyne is the forcerequired to accelerate a Mass of 1Gram by 1 Centimeter/Second
igram -
;The Mi
igram is a metric syste
easurement
of ma
The prefixMi
i means 1/1
in this case is0.
1 grams,
Micrograms, or0.9807
Dynes.
reviationfor the Mi
igram is mg.
Microgram -
; The Microgram is a metric systemmeasurement of mass. The prefixMicro means one millionth whichin this case is 1 x 10^-6 grams or1,000 Nanograms. The abbreviationfor a Microgram is
Nanogram -
=The Nanogram is a metric syste
easurement
of Ma
The prefixNano means
one bi
ionth which inthis case is 1 x 10^-9 Grams.
reviation for a Nanogram is ng.
Metric Carat -
:The Metric
Carat is
a metricsystem measurement of ma
It is1/5 of a gram, 3.086 Grains, 0.973Carats, or 196.13 Dynes.
The wordCarat
from the
wordkeration which means sma
weight.It is used for
the weight of gemsand stones.
The a
reviation
forCarat is c.
Carat -
@The Carat is a sma
weight forgems.
The a
reviation
for Caratis c.
The Carat is equal to 3 1/6Grains,
201.6
Dynes,
1.028Metric
Carats.
reviationfor Carat is c.
Ton (long) -
;The long Ton is also known as aton-weight or gro
ton. It is thesame as
1.12 Tons,
2,240 Pounds,or
1.016
Metric
Tons.
Ton -
AThe Ton was origina
y 8 EnglishBa
els of wine
having a capacityof 2,
Pounds.
This was ca
eda wine-ton or
London Ton.
In theshi
ing industry,
the To
age ofa boat
ed to the
number ofTons of
wine it could
Itis equal
to 2,
Pounds,
62.16Slugs,
or 0.907 Metric Tons.
reviation for the Ton is T.
Cental (long) -
8The long
Cental is
equivalen
o 1/20 of a long Ton,
2 Pounds,or 498.2 Newtons. The a
reviationfor Cental is cwt.
Cental -
AThe Cental is also known as aHundredweight.
The prefix Cent isfor 1
which in
this case is 1
Pounds,
0.893
Centals,
Newtons.
reviationfor Cental is cwt or hwt.
Slug -
B The Slug is also known as theGeepound. The Slug is equivalentto 32.2 Pounds, 143.1 Newtons, or14.59 Kilograms. It is a unit ofmass which, when acted upon by aforce of one Pound, acquires anacceleration of one ft/sec
. Theabbreviation for Slug is sl.
Pound -
@ The Pound is the English systemstandard of mass which is 0.45359Kilograms. The Pound is definedas the mass of a body weighing onePound at the standard accelerationof gravity (980.665 cm/sec
). Itwas originally 1/56 of the weightof the
hundredweight of Alfredthe Great. The Italian Pound wascalled the Libra which was abbrev-iated lb and is still used today.The word Pound came from the Romanword pondus.
Pound (apothecary or Troy) -
*Apothecaries' weight is used forcompounding medical
prescriptionsand
Troy weight
is for
preciousmetals.
The avoirdupois
Pound islarger than the Troy of apothecaryPound (7,
Grains to 5,760) butOunces is
reversed - the Ounce is437.5 Grains where the others have480 Grains.
The Troy Pound equals0.373 Kilograms, 0.8
8 Pounds, or12 Ounces (ap).
reviationis lb (ap).
Ounce (apothecary or Troy) -
+The apothecary or Troy Ounce isalso ca
a fine
Ounce.
It islarger than
the avoirdupois Ounce(480 Grains compared to 437.5). Itis also equal
to 1.097 Ounces,
8Drams (ap),
or 0.305 N. The Brit-ish Weights
Measures
Act of1878 abolished the use of Troy andapothecary
weights but
the Grain(1/7,
of a Pound)
and the fineOunce remained for precious metalsand stones.
Ounce -
@The Ounce is equal to 16 Drams,1/16 Pound,
or 28.35
Grams.
Theword
Ounce was
derived
from theRoman
uncia.
ItalianOunce was ca
an onzia and wasa
reviated
which
used today.
Poundal -
> A Poundal is the Force neededto accelerate the Mass of 1 Poundby 1 Foot/Second
. It is equal to217.6 Grains, 14.1 Grams, or 0.138Newtons.
for theKilogram Meter is kgf m. It is theEnergy nece
ary to move an objectone Meter
against a
force of oneKilogram.
Newton Meter -
9A Newton Meter
is identical toa Joule and is equal to 23.73 F
tPoundals
or 0.239
calories.
reviation
for Newton
Meter isNm.
It is the Energy nece
ary tomove an object one Meter against aforce of one Newton.
Joule -
@A Joule is the
standard metricsystem unit
of Energy.
It is theidentical to
a Newtom Meter
or aWa
Second and equals
0.738 F
tPounds or 0.239 calories.
A Jouleis the work
done in one second byan electric cu
of one ampereagainst the resistance of one ohm.The a
reviation for Joule is J.
Megalerg -
=A Megalerg is one mi
ion ergs,one tenth of a Joule, or 2.37 F
tPoundals. For more information s
`Erg'.
Gram Centimeter -
5A Gram Centimeter is 980.7 Ergs,6.12 x 10^14
Electron
Volts,
or9.807 x 10^-5 Joules.
The a
rev-iation
for a
Gram Cemtimeter
isgm cm.
It is the Energy nece
aryor Work done
moving an object oneMeter against a force of one Kilo-gram.
Dyne Centimeter -
6A Dyne Centimeter
is identicalto an Erg and equal to 624,146 MeVor 1 ten mi
ionth of a Joule. Thea
reviation for a Dyne Centimeteris d cm.
It is
the Work
done orthe Energy
while
moving anobject
Centimeter
against aforce of one Dyne.
Erg -
BAn Erg is
identical to
a DyneCentimeter and equals
624,146 MeVor 1 ten mi
ionth of a Joule.
Itis the Energy used while moving anobject
Centimeter
against aforce of one Dyne.
Metric Horsepower Hour -
/A Metric Horsepower Hour is themetric equivalent
of a HorsepowerHour.
It is
632.8
Kilocalories,2,647,793 Joules,
or 0.986 Horse-power Hours.
Horsepower Hour -
6An Horsepower Hour is 2,684,521Newton Meters, 641.6 Kilocalories,or 1,980,
t Pounds.
It is ameasure of the Work
maintained bya average dray horse.
The a
rev-iation for
an Horsepower
Hour ishp hr.
Liter-Bar -
<A Liter-Bar is 1
Joules, 23.9calories, or 73.76 F
t Pounds.
Cubic Centimeter-Atmosphere -
)A Cubic Centimeter-Atmosphere is1,013,250 Ergs,
0.101 Joules,
or2.404 F
t Poundals.
Liter-Atmosphere -
4A Liter-Atmosphere is 74.73 F
tPounds, 24.2 calories,
or 101.325Joules.
Cubic F
t-Atmosphere -
/A Cubic F
t-Atmosphere is 685.8calories, 28.32 Liter-Atmospheres,or 2,869.2 Joules.
Kilowa
Hour -
8A Kilowa
Hour
is 1.34 Horse-power Hours,
Joules, or860.4 Kilocalories. It is the Workdone or Energy
resulting from oneKilowa
acting for one Hour.
reviation for
Kilowa
Hour iskw hr.
Hour -
<A Wa
Hour is
860.4 calories,3,6
Joules,
or 3.41 BTU.
It isthe
electrical Energy
equivalen
o that
represented
by one
acting for one Hour.
Second -
9A Wa
Second 0.738 F
t Pounds,1.0 Joule,
or 0.239 calories.
Itis the electrical
Energy equal t
ne Wa
acting for one Hour.
ivolt -
<A Mi
ivolt is 1
Abvolts,1.602 x 10^-15 Ergs, or one thous-andths of a Volt. The a
reviationfor a
ivolt
is mV.
For moreinformation s
`Volt'.
Volt -
?A Volt is the same as an ElectronVolt or 1.602 x 10^-12 Ergs. It isthe unit
of electromotive
force,or that
erence
potentialwhich,
when steadily a
lied to aconductor whose
resistance is oneohm,
produces a
oneampere.
The a
reviation
for theVolt is V.
Statvolt -
=A Statvolt is
298.02 Volts
5 x 10^-10
Ergs.
theCGS unit for electrostatic charge.
Kilovolt -
=A Kilovolt is 1,
Volts, 3.36Statvolts,
or 1.602 x 10^-9 Ergs.
Abvolt -
>An Abvolt is 1.602 x 10^-20 Ergsor 0.
ivolts.
It is theCGS unit of
electromagnetic forc
qual to the
potential di
erencethat must exist betw
n two pointsin order
that one Erg
of Work bedone when one abcoulomb
of chargeis moved.
Calorie -
> A Calorie is referred to as aKilocalorie or Kilogram Calorie.It is 1.162 Watt Hours, 3,086 FootPounds, or 4,184 Joules. A Calorieis the amount of heat necessary toraise one Kilogram of water at 15
C. by 1
C. This is the Caloriewhich is used in dietary research.The abbreviation for the Calorieis kcal.
calorie -
> A calorie is referred to as aGram Calorie or the ThermochemicalCalorie. It is 4.184 Joules, 3.086Foot Pounds, or 0.00397 BTU. Thecalorie is the amount of heat usedto raise one Gram of water at 15
C. by 1
Steam Calorie -
8A Steam Calorie is a calorie asdefined on the International SteamTable.
It is 3.0
t Pounds or1.
67 calories.
A Steam Calorieis 4.1868
Joules where
a thermo-chemical calorie is 4.1840 Joules.
Electron Volt -
8An Electron Volt
is equivalen
o a Volt or
1.602 x 10^-12 Ergs.It is the
Energy acquired
by anyunit charged partical while movingthrough a potential
erence ofone Volt.
The a
reviation for anElectron Volt is eV.
The ElectronVolt is
ociated by
the Planckconstant
with a
photon
having awavelength of 1.2395 Microns.
Kilo Electron Volt -
4A Kilo Electron Volt
is 1,
Electron Volts, 1.602 x 10^-9 Erg,or
Statvolts.
The a
rev-iation for a Kilo Electron Volt isKeV.
For more information s
the`Electron Volt'.
ion Electron Volt -
0A Mi
ion Electron Volts is onemi
ion eV,
.5 Statvolts, or1.602 x 10^-6
Ergs.
rev-iation for a Mi
ion Electron VoltMeV.
For more information s
the`Electron Volt'.
t Pound -
t Pound is the
FPS systemunit of Energy.
It is
32.17 F
tPoundals, 0.324 calories, or 1.356Joules.
t Pound
is the workdone in
moving a
Pound of Weightone F
t against gravity.
It is aunit of mechanical Energy that hasan a
reviation of ft lbf.
t Poundal -
t Poundal
is 0.03
tPounds,
0.0421 Joules,
or 0.0101calories.
The F
t Poundal is themeasure of Work done in moving oneF
t against a force of a Poundal.
Centigrade Thermal Unit -
- A Centigrade Thermal Unit is 1.8BTU, 453.7 calories, or 1,898.3Joules. It is the quantity of heatrequired to raise the temperatureof one Pound of water one degreeCentigrade at its point of maximumdensity (4
C.). The abbrevitationfor the Centigrade Thermal Unit isCTU.
British Thermal Unit -
1 A British Thermal Unit is 777.9Foot Pounds, 1,054.7 Joules, 252.1calories, or 0.556 CTU. It is thequantity of heat required to raisethe temperature of one Pound ofwater one degree Fahrenheit at itsmaximum density (39.1
F.). Theabbreviation for British ThermalUnit is BTU.
one Meter againsta Force of one Newton in a Second.The a
reviation
for Joule/Secondis J/sec.
Joule/Minute -
9A Joule/Minute is
.14 Lumens,
.25 F
Pounds/Hour,
or 16.67Mi
It is
amount ofPower required
to move an
objectone Meter
against a Force
of oneNewton in one Minute.
The a
rev-iation for Joule/Minute is J/min.
Joule/Hour -
Joule/Hour
ionErgs/Hour,
2.83 Gram Centimeters/Second, or 0.738 F
t Pounds/Hour.It
is the
amount
of Power
usedwhen an object
is moved one Meteragainst the Force of one Newton inone Hour.
The a
reviation
for aJoule/Hour is J/hr.
Kilogram Meter/Second -
0A Kilogram Meter/Second is 2.34calories/Second,
BTU/Hour,9.807
Joules/Second,
Pounds/Minute.
theamount of
Power consumed
when anobject is moved
one Meter againsta Force
of one
Kilogram
oneSecond.
The a
reviation
for theKilogram Meter/Second is kg m/sec.
Gram Centimeter/Second -
/A Gram Centimeter/Second is theamount of
Power used
when movingan object one Centimeter against aForce of
one Gram in
one Second.It is equal to
0.0981 Mi
s,980.7 Ergs/Second,
or 0.2604 F
tPounds/Hour.
The a
reviation fora Gram Centimeter/Second is gm cm/sec.
Erg/Second -
;An Erg/Second
is the amount ofPower consumed
when an
object ismoved
one Centimeter
against oneDyne of Force in one Second. It isequal to
1 ten mi
ionth
.The a
reviation for Erg/Second isErg/sec.
Erg/Minute -
;An Erg/Minute
is the amount ofPower consumed
when an
object ismoved
one Centimeter
against oneDyne of Force in one Minute. It isequal to 1.67 bi
ionths of a Wa
or one ten mi
ionths
of a Joule/Second.
The a
reviation
for theErg/Minute is Erg/min.
Erg/Hour -
<An Erg/Hour is one ten mi
ionthof a
Joule/Hour or
2.78 x 10^-
It is the
amount of Powerconsumed when
an object
is movedone Centimeter against
a Force ofone Dyne in one Hour.
The a
rev-iation for Erg/Hour is Erg/hr.
British Thermal Unit/Second -
) A British Thermal Unit/Second is1,055 Watts, 252 calories/Second,or 1.415 Horsepower. It is theamount of Power required to raisethe Temperature of one Pound ofwater from 39.1
F. to 40.1
F. inone Second. The abbreviation forBritish Thermal Unit/Second isBTU/sec.
British Thermal Unit/Minute -
) A British Thermal Unit/Minute is17.58 Watts, 252 calories/Minute,or 778.2 Foot Pounds/Minute. Itis the amount of Power used when aPound of water is increased from39.1
F. to 40.1
F. in a Minute.The abbreviation for British Ther-mal Unit/Minute is BTU/min.
British Thermal Unit/Hour -
+ A British Thermal Unit/Hour is0.293 Watts, 0.252 Kilocalories/Hour, or 778.2 Foot Pounds/Hour.It is the amount of Power consumedwhen one Pound of water is raisedone degree Fahrenheit at its max-imum Density (39.1
F.) in oneHour. The abbreviation for theBritish Thermal Unit/Hour is BTU/hr.
Metric Horsepower -
4A Metric
Horsepower is
0.9863Horsepower, 175.7 calories/Second,735.5 Wa
s, or 542.5 F
t Pounds/Second.
Horsepower -
:An Horsepower is 178.1 calories/Second,
t Pounds/Minute,or 745.7 Wa
It is the rate ofWork maintained by an average drayhorse.
It is
the Power
equal to
Pounds
lifted one
t inone Minute.
The a
reviation
forHorsepower is hp.
Horsepower (boiler) -
1A Boiler Horsepower is
9.3 BTU/Second,
2.34 Kilocalories/Second,9,809 Wa
s, or 13.15 Horsepower.
Horsepower (electrical) -
-An Electrical Horsepower
is 746Wa
Horsepower,
178.2calories/Second,
tPounds/Second
t Pound/Second -
Pound/Second is
the BPSsystem standard unit of Power.
Itis equal to 0.324 calories/Second,4.63 BTU/Hour, or 1.356 Wa
Itis the
amount of Power
ded tomove an object on F
t against theForce of
one Pound in one Second.The a
reviation for
t Pound/ Second is ft lb/sec.
t Pound/Minute -
t Pound/Minute is the amountof Power
consumed when
an objectis moved one F
against a Forceof one Pound in one Minute.
It isequal
to 230.4
Gram Centimeters/Second,
0.324 calories/Minute, or
.6 Mi
The a
reviationfor the
t Pound/Minute
ftlb/min.
t Pound/Hour -
t Pound/Hour is 32.17 F
tPoundals/Hour,
s,or 3.84
Centimeters/Second.It is
the Power
used to
move anobject one F
t against a Force ofone Pound in
one Hour.
The a
r-eviation
for F
Pound/Hour
isft lb/hr.
t Poundal/Second -
t Poundal/Second
is 0.031F
t Pounds/Second, 0.1
BTU/Houror
42.14
It is
theamount of Power
ded ot lift anobject with the weight of a Pound,one F
t in one Second.
t Poundal/Minute -
t Poundal/Minute
is 0.702Mi
0.031
Pounds/Minute,
or 7.16 Gram Centimeters/Second.
It is the amount of Powerconsumed while lifting
one Pound,one F
t in one Minute.
t Poundal/Hour -
Poundal/Hour
is 0.0
s, 0.
9 Gram Centimeter/Second, 0.031 F
t Pounds/Hour, or
Ergs/Second.
thePower used to lift an object whichweighs one Pound,
one F
t in oneHour.
Calorie/Second -
7 A Calorie/Second is 3,088 FootPounds/Second, 3.968 BTU/Second,1,000 calories/Second, or 4,186.8Watts. It is the amount of Powerrequired to raise one Kilogram ofwater from 15
C. to 16
C. in oneSecond. It is sometimes called aKilogram calorie/Second or a Kilo-calorie/Second. The abbreviationfor Calorie/Second is kcal/sec.
Calorie/Minute -
7 A Calorie/Minute is 3,088 FootPounds/Minute, 3.968 BTU/Minute,1,000 calories/Minute, or 69.78Watts. It is the amount of Powerrequired to raise one Kilogram ofwater from 15
C. to 16
C. in oneMinute. It is sometimes called aKilogram calorie/Minute or a Kilo-calorie/Minute. The abbreviationfor Calorie/Minute is kcal/min.
Calorie/Hour -
8 A Calorie/Hour is 3.97 BTU/Hour,1,000 calories/Hour, 3,088 FootPounds/Hour, or 1.163 Watts. It isthe amount of Power consumed whileraising one Kilogram of water from15
C. to 16
C. in one Hour. Itis also called a Kilogram calorie/Hour or the Kilocalorie/Hour. Theabbreviation for Calorie/Hour iskcal/hr.
calorie/Second -
6 A calorie/Second is 4.187 Watts,one thousandth a Calorie/Second,3.088 Foot Pounds/Second, or 14.3BTU/Hour. It is the amount ofPower required to raise one Gramof water from 15
C. to 16
C. inone Second. The abbreviation forcalorie/Second is cal/sec.
calorie/Minute -
5 A calorie/Minute is 0.0698 Watts,one thousandth a Calorie/Minute,3.088 Foot Pounds/Minute, or 0.238BTU/Hour. It is the amount ofPower required to raise one Gramof water from 15
C. to 16
C. inone Minute. The abbreviation forcalorie/Minute is cal/min.
Lumen -
@ A Lumen is 14,960 Ergs/Second,3.97 Foot Pounds/Hour, or 1.496Milliwatts. A source having theluminance one international candlein all directions exhibits a totallight flux of 4
Lumens. If thelight source is at the center of a2-meter diameter sphere, the lightintensity at the surface of thesphere is one Lumen/Meter
Atomic Clock -
9An Atomic Clock is a Cesium-1
which can
be detectedand reproduced easily.
The Secondis
defined
duration
of9,192,631,
0 periods of radiationco
esponding
transitionbetw
n the
two hyperfine
levelsof the ground state
of the Cesiumatom.
Shake -
>A Shake is one hundred mi
ionthsof a Second.
Second -
=A Second is defined by the Atomi
lock which is 9,192,631,
0 unitsof the Atomic Clock. The Ephemeri
econd is 1/31,
6,925.9747 of thetropical
The a
rev-iation for the Second is sec.
Minute -
?A Minute is 60 Seconds
or 1/60of an Hour.
Hour -
AAn Hour is a space of Time thatis equal to one twenty-fourth of aDay, 60 Minutes, or 3,6
Seconds.Before
the general use of
time- pieces,
the Hour was
one-twelfthof the
interval
sunrise tosunset
(Hour of the Day)
or one-twelfth that
from sunset
to sun-rise (Hour of the night).
Day -
AA Day is the length of Time thatit takes
for the Earth
to rotateabout its axis
one time.
A solarday is the
Time it takes for the sun to return to the same place inthe
This is
than onecomplete rotation (a Sidereal Day)since the
Earth has moved
in itsorbit
during this
time.
This isthe normal calendar Day.
A Day is0.
73 Sidereal Days, 24 Hours, or1,
Minutes.
reviationfor Day is da.
Sidereal Day -
9A Sidereal Day is the length ofTime
takes for
Earth torotate
about
its axis
timewith respect to the Vernal Equinoxwhich
makes
slightly
longerthan a
normal
It is
equalto 1.
274 Days or 24.0
Hours.
k is 7 consecutive Days or1/52 of a Year. It norma
y beginswith Sunday.
Fortnight -
<A Fortnight is 14 Days, 1/26 ofa Year, or 2 W
Year (mean) -
:A fu
Year
(Sidereal Year) isa complete Earth
revolution abou
he Sun as
n from
an infinitedistance
(another star).
This is365.25636
Days.
The actual
yearused is 365 Days with every fourthyear being
a leap
Year with
Days.
A mean year
is the averageof four years
(including the leapYear).
This slight
erence inthe mean Year and the Sidereal oneis the reason why
the calendar iso
asiona
ected.
Year (normal) -
8A normal Year is
365 Days,
26Fortnights,
52.14
ks is only 364 Days).
Decade -
@A Decade is
10 mean
years or3,650 Days.
Score -
@A Score is 20 mean years or twoDecades.
Century -
>A Century
consecutivemean Years or 10 Decades.
Mercury Year -
9A Mercury
Year is
87.965 Daysor 0.241 Years. Until recently theMercurian Year
was thought
to besame as its day
which would leaveone side
facing
the Sun
thetime. Recently a Soviet spacecraftand Earth-based radar signals havedetermined this is not the case.
Mercury Day -
: A Mercury Day is 58.65 Days or0.161 Years. A Day on Mercury isone of extremes. The temperatureat noon would rise to over 400
C.then drop as much as 600
C. bymidnight. The gravity is about1/3 that of Earth. It has almostno atmosphere.
Venus Year -
;A Venus Year
Days or0.615 Years. The orbit of Venus iscloser to
a perfect
circle
thanany other planet.
Due to its slowrotation rate,
a Year on Venus isle
than 2 Venus Days long.
Venus Day -
< A Venus Day is 243 Days or 0.66Years. Venus has a slow backwardsDay. Its retrograde motion meansthe Sun rises in the West and setsin the East. The carbon dioxidegreenhouse atmosphere is about 91times denser than the Earth makingits surface Temperature over 450
C. The gravitational attractionis about 4/5 of Earth.
Mars Year -
<A Mars
Year is
686.2
Days or1.
Years.
If the orbit of Venuswere as e
iptical as that of Marsit would
Earth's path.Because Mars moves
faster when itis closer to the Sun,
seasons aredi
erent in length.
The NorthernSpring is
52 Martian
Days longerthan its Fa
Mars Day -
= A Mars Day is similar to thatof Earth at 24.624 Hours or 1.026Days. Mars' atmosphere is thinCarbon Dioxide about the densityof the Earth's atmosphere at anelevation of four times that ofMount Everest. Due to its smallsize and low density, the gravityis just over a third of that onthe Earth. The average MartianDay is about -30
Jupiter Year -
9A Jupiter Year is
4,328.9 Daysor
.86 Years.
Excluding the SunJupiter a
ounts for more than 2/3of a
the material
in our SolarSystem.
It is so large that it isabout the
size of
a sma
star,and its
major
Hydrogen,which is the same as a star.
Jupiter Day -
: A Jupiter Day is 0.415 Days or9.96 Years. Jupiter's atmosphereis a mushy solution of Ammonia andHydrogen. The planet is 318 timesthe Volume of the Earth but itslow Density makes the gravity onlyabout 2
times stronger than theEarth.
Saturn Year -
:A Saturn
Year is
29.46 Years.Since
Saturn is
so far
from theSun, it receives only 1/1
of theheat and light
as the Earth.
Theintensity of the sunlight is about1,
times
brighter
Saturn Day -
:A Saturn Day is only 10.68 Hoursor 0.
5 Days.
The rapid rotationof Saturn
causes
it to
bulge a
he equator
thepoles.
atmosphere
resemblesJupiter and its
Density is 70% ofwater - it would float!
Uranus Year -
8The Uranus Year is so long, 84.01Earth Years,
that most of us wi
not s
one fu
Uranus
Year inour lifetime.
Uranus Day -
; The Uranus Day is 0.718 Days or17.23 Hours. A true Day on Uranuswould be very strange. Its axis ofrotation is perpendicular to itsorbit meaning that one pole pointsdirectly to the Sun at one pointin the Year and
Year later theother pole points to the Sun thusthe Equator would get very littlesunlight. The gravity on Uranusis about 90% that of Earth.
Neptune Year -
8The Neptune Year is 164.8 Years.Neptune is
so far
the Sun,more than 30 times
that of Earth,that the
our Sun a
as justanother bright star.
Neptune Day -
:The Neptune Day
is 17.83 Hoursor 0.743 Days.
Neptune is
so farfrom the Sun that it radiates moreheat from within
than it receivesfrom the Sun.
Pluto Year -
;The Pluto Year is
250.3 Years.The orbit of Pluto is so e
entricthat at times it is
closer to theSun
Neptune.
In fact
from1979 to 1
this is the case. Thelast time
that ha
ened,
about aPluto Year ago,
George Washingtonwas in his boyh
Pluto Day -
<The Pluto Day is 153.6 Years or6.4 Days.
In 1978 a photograph ofPluto
showed a
bulging
equator.This turned
out to
be its
n,Charon,
which is almost
as largeas Pluto.
The gravity on Pluto isonly about 4% of Earth
due to it
size.
n Day -
=The M
n Day
is 27.32
Days or3.9 W
The length
of a LunarDay is the same
as its revolutionabout the
Earth meaning
psthe same face to
the Earth at a
times.
The Lunar gravity is about1/6 of Earth.
Sun Day -
? The Sun Day is 24.67 Days or3.52 Weeks. The slow rotation rateof the Sun allows us to trackSolar storms, sunspots, from edgeto edge for about 12 days. Enoughenergy is received from the Sun ona Meter
of the Earth's surface toheat and light a small room. TheSun `burns' about 4 million Tonsof Hydrogen each Second. At thatrate it should continue shiningfor about another 5 billion Years.
Centigrade -
: The Centigrade Temperature scaleis identical to the Celsius scale.The abbreviation for Centigrade is
C. For more information on this,see `Celsius'.
Celsius -
> The Celsius Temperature scaleis the MKS standard Temperatureunit. It is named for the Swedishastronomer, Anders Celsius (1701-1744) who was the first to use theCentigrade scale in 1742. It isdefined by several physical temp-eratures:
Oxygen b.p.: -182.970
Water triple point: 0.01
Water b.p.: 100
Gold b.p.: 1,063.0
Absolute Zero: -273.15
Kelvin -
> The Kelvin Temperature scale hasa zero point at Absolute Zero, atheoretical temperature at whichall molecular motion stops. Thisscale has the same increments asthe Centigrade scale making thefreezing point of water 273.15
K.and the boiling point 373.15
K.This unit is named after WilliamThomson (Lord Kelvin), a Britishphysicist (1842-1907).
Absolute -
= The Absolute Temperature scalejust another name for the KelvinTemperature scale. It is sometimesabbreviated
A. For more infor-mation see `Kelvin'.
Fahrenheit -
: The Fahrenheit Temperature scaleis defined by two points: meltingpoint of water = 32
F. and boil-ing point of water = 212
F. Thismakes Absolute Zero -459.67
F.The zero point (0
F.) originallywas obtained by mixing equal partsby weight of snow and salt. Thefirst Mercury thermometer in glasswas made by Gabriel D. Fahrenheit(1686-1736), a German physicist in1714.
Rankine -
= The Rankine Temperature scale isan absolute Temperature scale thatuses the same increments as theFahrenheit scale. Thus AbsoluteZero is 0
R. with the freezingpoint of water 491.67
R. and theboiling point 671.67
R. It wasdevised by the Scandanavian engin-eer and physicist, William J. M.Rankine in 1872.
Reaumur -
? The Reaumur Temperature scalewas devised by Antoine Ferchaultde R
aumur (1683-1757), a Frenchphysicist and naturalist, who alsoconstructed the first thermometerusing alcohol in 1731. The zeropoint corresponds to melting iceand 80
R. corresponds to boilingwater. This is still in generaluse in Teutonic countries.
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