Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats Companion

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Text File | 1994-06-01 | 18.6 KB | 506 lines

LUMENA FILE STRUCTURE LUMENA file structures are described for those who want to inspect or edit image file values. For example, if you intend to load a non-standard image file, you might need to read its header to extract information required by loadalien. The LUMENA image file format, as of LUMENA/Vista v.3.4, is based on the Truevision TGA file format, v.2.0. The format is type 2 for unmapped data and type 10 for run-length encoded RGB data. The structures for headers and other file areas in these formats differ from those in earlier-version TGA and LUMENA image files. Note, however, that LUMENA high-resolution files (.BPX files) still use the earlier LUMENA format. Three file formats are described below: TGA v.2.0, TGA prior to v.2.0, and LUMENA .PIX or .BPX. TGA File Format, v.2.0 Decimal Byte Number Offset of Into File Bytes Contents HEADER 0: 1 Number of bytes in image ID field 1: 1 Color map type: 0 = no map, 1 = map 2: 1 Image type: 2 = standard, 0A = run-length encoded 3: 5 Color map specification 8: 2 X-origin of image 10: 2 Y-origin of image 12: 2 Image width 14: 2 Image height 16: 1 Pixel depth 17: 1 Image descriptor IMAGE/COLOR MAP DATA (Image Field) 18: varies 255 bytes, max IMAGE DATA varies varies Start of image data DEVELOPER AREA varies EXTENSION AREA 2 Extension size 41 Author name 324 Author comments 12 Date and time stamp 41 Job name or ID 6 Job time 41 Software ID 3 Software version 4 Key color 4 Pixel aspect ratio 4 Gamma value 4 Color correction offset 4 Stamp offset 4 Scan line offset 1 Attributes type varies Scan line table varies Start of postage stamp data 2048 Color correction table TGA FILE FOOTER 4 Extension area offset 4 Developer directory offset 16 Signature 1 Reserved character 1 Binary terminator Typical Header of a LUMENA/Vista TGA File, v.2.0 Byte Offset (In Hex) 0000:0000 00 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 E2 01 0000:00101 20 08 ------- (image ID field begins here) --- LUMENA .PIX and .BPX File Format Decimal Byte Number Offset of Into File Bytes Contents LUMENA LUMENA 16 32 16 32 HEADER 0: 0: 1 1 number of bytes in descriptor 1: 1: 1 1 pix with stamp = 1, pix w/o stamp = 0, bigpix = 0 2: 2: 1 1 standard file 2, run-length encoded file = 0A, compressed file = 8E 3: 3: 2 2 stamp width in pixels 5: 5: 2 2 stamp size in pixels 7: 7: 1 1 number of bits per pixel in stamp (including alpha (mask) bits) 8: 8: 2 2 origin of lower left X coordinate 10: 10: 2 2 origin of lower left Y coordinate 12: 12: 2 2 image width in pixels 14: 14: 2 2 image height in pixels 16: 16: 1 1 number of bits per pixel (including alpha (mask) bits) 17: 17: 1 1 number of alpha (mask) bits per pixel LUMENA LUMENA 16 32 16 32 DESCRIPTOR 18: 18: 2 2 magic word for LUMENA internal routine (use 8E) 20: 20: 2 4 mask for red bits 22: 24: 2 4 mask for green bits 24: 28: 2 4 mask for blue bits 26: 32: 2 2 image aspect ratio, X component 28: 34: 2 2 image aspect ratio, Y component 30: 36: 2 4 background color (black = 0) 32: 40: 40 40 40 bytes reserved for comment 72: 80: varies start of stamp data (followed immediately by image data) NOTE: All values are to be entered in HEX. Typical Header of a LUMENA/16 .PIX File Byte Offset (In Hex) 0000;0000 36 01 02 40 00 00 0F 10 00 00 00 00 00 02 E2 01 0000:0010 10 01 8E 00 00 7C E0 03 1F 00 1A 03 00 04 00 00 0000:0020 54 69 6D 65 00 41 72 74 73 20 49 6E 63 20 45 2E 0000:0030 56 2E 41 2E 20 66 69 6C 65 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0000:0040 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 (Stamp begins here) Typical Header of a LUMENA/32 .PIX File Byte Offset (In Hex) 0000:0000 3e 01 02 40 00 00 0F 20 00 00 00 00 00 02 E2 01 0000:0010 20 08 8E 00 00 00 FF 00 00 FF 00 00 FF 00 00 00 0000:0020 11 00 14 00 FF FF FF 00 54 69 6D 65 00 41 72 74 0000:0030 73 20 49 6E 63 20 45 2E 56 2E 41 2E 20 66 69 6C 0000:0040 65 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0000:0050 (Stamp begins here) Typical Header of a LUMENA/16 .BPX File Byte Offset (In Hex) 0000:0000 36 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 04 C4 03 0000:0010 10 01 8E 00 00 7C E0 03 1F 00 11 00 14 00 00 00 0000:0020 54 69 6D 65 20 41 72 74 73 20 4C 75 6D 65 6E 61 0000:0030 20 66 69 6C 65 2E 00 6C 65 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0000:0040 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 (Image begins here) Typical Header of a LUMENA/32 .BPX File Byte Offset (In Hex) 0000:0000 3e 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 04 8B 03 0000:0010 20 08 8E 00 00 00 FF 00 00 FF 00 00 FF 00 00 00 0000:0020 11 00 14 00 FF FF FF 00 54 69 6D 65 00 41 72 74 0000:0030 73 20 49 6E 63 20 45 2E 56 2E 41 2E 20 66 69 6C 0000:0040 65 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0000:0050 (Image begins here) Earlier TGA Header Structure (prior to v.2.0) The Truevision TGA file header format described below is the basis for the Time Arts .PIX and .BPX header. A TGA header can be edited to emulate the Time Arts header. Earlier TGA Header Structure Decimal Byte Number Offset of Into File Bytes Contents 0: 1 number of characters in identification field 1: 1 color map type 2: 1 image type (2 = standard file; 0A = run-length encoded; 8E = compressed) 3: 5 color map specification 8: 2 origin of lower left X coordinate 10: 2 origin of lower left Y coordinate 12: 2 image width in pixels 14: 2 image height in pixels 16: 1 number of bits per pixel (including alpha (mask) bits) 17: 1 number of alpha (mask) bits per pixel 13: variable identification field Typical Header of a .TGA File Byte Offset (In Hex) 0000:0000 00 01 02 00 00 00 01 10 00 00 00 00 00 02 E2 01 0000:0010 10 00 (Identification field or image begins here) Header Sizes LUMENA/16 or /32 .TGA Image = 18 bytes LUMENA/16 .BPX Image = 18 [header] + 54 [descriptor] = 72 bytes LUMENA/32 .BPX Image = 18 [header] + 62 [descriptor] = 80 bytes * The stamp width and height = 1/8 of image file proportions. Bigpic files do not have stamps. File Format For Lumena .CEL File Decimal Byte Number Offset of Into File Bytes Contents 0: 2 Width of cell 3: 2 Height of cell 4: variable Cell data ... (followed by next width, height, cell data, etc.) The formula to determine where next cell file will begin is: width x height x depth (2 for 16 bits, or 4 for 32 bits) of previous cell VECTOR FILE FORMAT (as written by LUMENA) The vector file is written by a set of calls to POLYSTORE (poly, handle). Each call writes the data for one character. The following gets written: Offset Description 0 | P polygon flag (char) 1 | image pixel height (integer) 3 | font dam height (integer) H 5 | x-offset (integer) E 7 | y-offset (integer) A 9 | frameb->xsize (integer) D 11 | frameb->ysize (integer) E 13 | red (unsigned char) R 14 | green (unsigned char) 15 | blue (unsigned char) M O | o start of outline (char) U U | . point (char) D L T | x (integer) A T L | y (integer) T I I | . A P N | x L E | y E S | (and so on) | e end of polygon (char) Comments: frameb->xsize & frameb->ysize are not really helpful. These are designed for distinguishing a bigpic from a regular size image. A bigpic would use a different scaling factor than a non bigpic. However, this is already handled at creation time when the user set the font size. He will set it differently depending on whether he is using a bigpic or a regular image. Also, these are global values so they should not be duplicated within each polygon. I'm planning to use this space for storing: Polygon angle (100ths of a degree) Italic angle (100ths of a degree) Shadow offset x (pixels) Shadow offset y (pixels) struct tiffhead /* structure for our TIFF Version 5.0 header */ Int order; /* byte order in file = II for Intel */ Int version; /* TIFF magic number is always 42 */ long offset1; /* offset of 1st sub directory */ int tags; /* number of entries in directory */ struct tag NewSubfileType; /* tag254 = 0 */ struct tag ImageWidth; /* tag256 = pixels/line */ struct tag ImageLength; /* tag257 = lines/image */ struct tag BitsPerSample; /* tag258 = 8 or offset to rbits */ struct tag Compression; /* tag259 = 1 for none, 5 for LZW */ struct tag Photometric; /* tag262 = 1 for grey, 2 for rgb */ struct tag StripOffsets; /* tag273 = offset of strip offsets */ struct tag SamplesPerPixel; /* tag277 = 1 for grey, 3 for rgb */ struct tag RowsPerStrip; /* tag278 = 1 */ struct tag StripByteCounts;/* tag279 = offset of byte count table*/ struct tag XResolution; /* tag282 = offset of xresi */ struct tag YResolution; /* tag283 = offset of yresi */ struct tag PlanarConfiguration; /* tag284 = 1 for rgbrgbrgb ... */ struct tag ResolutionUnit; /* tag296 = 1 for undefined */ struct tag Predictor; /* tag3l7 = 1 for none, 2 for LZW */ long offsetn; /* offset of next subdirectory = 0 */ long xres1,xres2, yres1,yres2; /* x & y aspect */ short rbits,gbits,bbits; /* bits per pixel of red, green, blue */ Note: rbits, gbits, and bbits are not present if SamplesPerPixel = 1. All file offset fields are filled in at run time. Here are the default values we start with: struct tiffhead ctiff = /* an actual tiff file header */ { /* with our defaults in place */ 0X4949,42;BL,159 254,3,1L,0L, 256,3,1L,512L, 257,3,1L,482L, 258,3,1L,0L, 259,3,1L;1L, 262,3,1L,1L, 273,4,482L,0L, 277,3,1L,3L, 278,3,1L,1L, 279,3,482L,0L, 282,5,1L,0L, 283,5,1L,0L, 284,3,1L,1L, 296,3,1L,1L, 317,3,1L,1L, 0L, /* mark end of header */ 1L,1L,1L,1L /* the aspect rationals */ 8,8,8 /* BitsPerSample for color */ }; /* Format of a Lumena/16/32 version 2.40 greyscale TIFF file offset contents comment 0 */ 0x4949, /* byte order in file is usually Intel 2 */ 42, /* this has "deep philosophical significance" 4 */ 8L, /* offset of first sub directory 8 */ 8, /* 8 tags in first subdirectory 10 */ 255,3;1L,1L; /* SubfileType = full resolution data 22 */ 256,3,1L,512L, /* ImageWidth can change 34 */ 257,3,1L,482L, /* ImageLength can change 46 */ 258,3,1L,8L, /* BitsPerSample is 9 for greyscale data 58 */ 262,3,1L,1L, /* PhotometricInterpretation = black to white 70 */ 273,3,1L,126L, /* StripOffsets = offset where image starts 82 */ 282,5,1L,110L, /* XResolution offset of xresi and xres2 94 */ 283,5,1L,11BL, /* Yresolution offset of yresi and yres2 106 */ 0L, /* offset of next subdirectery(there is none) 110 */ 150L,1L, /* xresi = system aspect times 150, xres2=1 118 */ 150L,1L /* yresi=150, yres2=1. These never change. 126 Image data starts here, consisting of one byte per pixel stored in horizonal lines scanned left to right, top to bottom. */ TIME ARTS FILE STRUCTURE for Lumena/16/32 and ColorScheme 1 & 2 Time Arts is using the AT&T Targa file formats, types 2 and 10, for unmapped and run-length encoded RGB data, respectively. The detailed header struct is shown below, and the stamp description, which is placed after the descriptor, is noted at the bottom. The "stamp" is a small version of the entire image that is used in previewing. It is stored immediately following the descriptor data, in the same place a map would have been put in a mapped image. We are using this same format for high-resolution (bigpic) image files but without a stamp. Decimal Byte Number Offset of Into File Bytes Contents LUMENA LUMENA 16 32 16 32 * * * HEADER * * * 0: 0: 1 1 number of bytes in descriptor 1: 1: 1 1 pix with stamp=1 pix w/o stamp=0 bigpix=0 2: 2: 1 1 standard file=2 run-length encoded file=0A compressed file=8E 3: 3: 2 2 stamp width in pixels 5: 5: 2 2 stamp size in pixels 7: 7: 1 1 number of bits per pixel in stamp [including alpha (mask) bits] 8: 8: 2 2 origin of lower left X coordinate 10: 10: 2 2 origin of lower left Y coordinate 12: 12: 2 2 image width in pixels 14: 14: 2 2 image height in pixels 16: 16: 1 1 number of bits per pixel [including alpha (mask) bits] 17: 17: 1 1 number of alpha (mask) bits per pixel * * * DESCRIPTOR * * * 18: 18: 2 2 magic word for Lumena internal routine (use 8E) 20: 20: 2 4 mask for red bits 22: 24: 2 4 mask for green bits 24: 28: 2 4 mask for blue bits 26: 32: 2 2 image aspect ratio-X coordinate | Note: | These two 28: 34: 2 2 image aspect ratio-Y coordinate | values | together | indicate | a ratio. 30: 36: 2 4 background color (black=0) 32: 40: 40 40 40 bytes (reserved for comment) 72: 80: start of stamp data (followed immediately by image data) NOTE: All values are to be entered in HEX. Assuming an image size of 512 x 482: Lumena/16 header size, bytes = 18 [header] + 54 [descriptor] + (64x60x2) [stamp] = 7752 Lumena/32 header size, bytes = 18 [header] + 62 [descriptor] + (64x60x4) [stamp] = 15440 Stamp width and height = 1/8 of image file proportions. Lumena /8 File Formats Image files ( .PIC ) Image files contain the entire contents of the frame buffer i.e. all pixel values at the time the SAVE command was issued. The frame buffer contents are not encoded in any way, and there is no header record. The first 512 bytes of the file contain the top line of pixels , left to right, with the next 512 bytes containing the next line of pixels, and so on. 512 lines are saved. PIC files do not contain any color map information. Bytes Contents 0 - 511 Line 511 (top of screen) pixel 0-511 values. 512 - 1023 Line 510 pixel values. 261633 - 262144 Line 0 (bottom of frame buffer--not visible). Map files ( .MAP ) Map files contain the contents of the current color map at the time they were created. They are automatically created when an image is saved, or can be saved by themselves through the MAPS menu. The file consists of 768 bytes. The first 256 bytes contain the red color component of the 256 entries in the color map, starting with the first entry. The next 256 bytes contain the green color component, and the next 256 bytes contain the blue component. Bytes Contents 0 - 255 Red entries 0-255 in color map. 256 - 511 Green entries 0-255 in color map. 512 - 767 Blue entries 0=255 in color map. Cell outline files ( .CEL ) Cell outline files contain the coordinates of the cells whose outlines have been created through the CELLS menu. The files can be created in the CELLS menu; they get saved along with events in the ANIM menu. A cell outline is a rectangular area of the screen which is defined by two points, the lower left and the upper right corners. Each cell is also assigned a name or label. The user may determine this name when the cell is created, otherwise the value one is used. The file contains a 16-byte record for each cell outline that existed when the file was created. The first 2 bytes (bytes 0-1) of each record contain a number representing the ASCII value for the cell name, or label. The next two bytes (bytes 2-3) currently are not used. Bytes (4-5) contain the x-coordinate of the lower left point. Bytes (6-7) contain the y-coordinate of this point. The next 4 bytes (bytes 8-11) contain the x and y coordinates of the upper right point. Bytes 12-15 are not currently used. Bytes Contents 0 - 1 Cell label 2 - 3 Unused 4 - 5 X1 6 - 7 Y1 8 - 9 X2 10 - 11 Y2 12 - 15 Unused MHI image files are 1024x964 pixels and follow the PIC format outlined earlier, but as a much longer file. VHI image files are 2048x1928 pixels and follow the PIC format as well. These file formats are created by Lumena 8+, while the PIC format is from Lumena 8. They are all colormapped files. The colormaps are the same and may be used with all three image formats from Lumena 8.