Más de 2,500 Juegos/CD2.iso/zipdat/2023/2023.txt

Text File | 1998-01-30 | 18.0 KB | 409 lines

CHRONOS 2000         Revised: 30 Jan 1998
User Instructions & Notes

Copyright 1990-1998,  Steve Estvanik / Cascoly Software
All rights reserved.

Contents:

   INTRODUCTION
   GETTING STARTED
      PEOPLE
      EVENTS
      EDITING
   INTERACTIVE HISTORY
      TIMELINES
      REPORTS
      USING HTM WEB PAGES
      CHRONOS TRIVIA GAME
   EDITING OUTSIDE CHRONOS 2000
   REQUIREMENTS
   REFERENCES & UPDATES

1. INTRODUCTION

How old was Paul Revere when he rode into history?  When were the
gospels written?  How old was Napoleon when the Declaration of
Independence was signed? How many years separated Cortez and
Michelangelo?  In War & Peace, how old is Natasha when Napoleon
captures Moscow?  Cascoly's CHRONOS 2000 historical timelines programs
examine these questions and many more.  Unlike conventional paper
chronologies, CHRONOS 2000 lets you decide which people and events to
include, developing new insights and tracing patterns across different
eras and cultures.  CHRONOS 2000 is used by history and art students,
Bible scholars, genealogists, teachers, writers and others interested
in exploring historical relations or cultural events.  It's also
helpful to lawyers and other profressionals who need to establish and
demonstrate chronological or complex events.

CHRONOS 2000 is also distributed under the title "BIBLE-TIMELINE for
Windows".  In the discussions that follow, the term CHRONOS 2000
applies to both programs.  Some retail editions may provide only a
selection of the datasets available.  For a complete update, contact
[e-mail]

Our thanks to the following Beta testers:

      Gary Amirault
      Sandra Bressler
      Jiri Cejka

GETTING STARTED

CHRONOS 2000 combines people and events into collections called
datasets.  These are  the two basic elements of CHRONOS 2000.  This
section describes how to use the People & Events portions of the
program.  Examples can be found in the datasets provided with the
program.

PEOPLE

CHRONOS 2000 considers 2 main types of information -- People and
Events.  As you might expect, People items store information about
characters, historical or fictional.  You can add or edit these
records using the People entry window.  If you don't know the exact
birth or death years, you can enter an approximate one.  (Note that,
since the month and day are left out, age calculations can only be
accurate to within a year.  For years before 1700, there are
additional discrepancies, since the acceptance of the Gregorian
calendar reform did not occur everywhere at the same time.  English
speaking countries did not start using the new calendar until the mid
1700's and Russia accepted the reform only after the 1917 Revolution.)
Also, if you decide to create a current dataset, containing living
persons, you could set the 'death' year to some arbitrarily high
value, such as 2030 or 2050, so that future ages can be calculated.  A
third option, 'Reign' lets you indicate the date range is the reign of
a ruler or Pope, or perhaps, the time during which an artist
flourished.

You can assign people to factions. This lets you group people into
logical categories of your choosing.  These might be national or
political, such as Union, Confederate, British or French.  You can
also define occupations, such as artist, musician, statesman and poet.
Each grouping has a color assigned to it, for easier display, and you
can also select certain groupings to display or report separately.

EVENTS
------

The second main data element is the event.  This is a specific
historical happening.  It could be a battle, a political act, or the
publication date of a famous novel.  You can append a description,
along with time of the event (a starting and ending year).  Events use
groups and nations in a similar fashion to factions and occupations
for people.  Two nations are allowed for each event.

The description field is intended for a few sentences or so.  For
longer texts, or to link to additional images and documents, use the
URL feature (See Internet section, below).  You'll need to have
Internet Explorer or equivalent browser available on your system, and
you should have some facility with creating and linking HTML based
pages.  (You can edit and rename the pages that come with the
program.)

Events may be either specific years or of longer duration (eg, The French
Revolution or the Han Dynasty).  For the former case, just enter the
same date for both starting and ending years.

EDITING
-------

People and Event items allow browsing and editing. From the Main menu
choose either People or Events.  The appropriate data screen appears
and you can either add a new person, or select an existing one.  Use
the combo box to select from all the records.  (These are sorted by
date. Items with additional information available include a *URL*
tag; those with attached images include a *IMG* tag)  Use the list
boxes to select groups, and factions.  These changes will remain while
you're running the program.  To make the changes permanent, you'll
need to do a Save of the file. (The program will ask you later if you
try to exit without saving.)

LIMITS
------

CHRONOS 2000 can now handle any number of people and events.  There
are no longer timeline dependent limits that were present in previous
versions, and the new URL/HTML links allow an unlimited amount of
descriptive material and illustrations for each item.

For details on free conversions of data from previous version contact
[e-mail]

INTERACTIVE HISTORY
===================

Once a dataset is populated, you can begin your explorations using the
Timeline and Reports options.   To reduce the startup time for new
users, CHRONOS 2000 inclues an example dataset. More are provided when
you register or purchase a retail version of the program.

The datasets include:

ANCIENT covers the early civilizations of Egypt, Assyria, Bablyon, and
the emerging kingdom of Israel.

CLASSIC covers the rise and decline of Greece & Rome, and contemporary
people and events in other cultures around the world.

MEDIEVAL covers the period from the dark ages thru the first
millenium, from about 900 to 1200.  It concentrates on the evolving
struggle between Christian and Muslim worlds and beginnings of
nations, then into Renaissance period in Europe

MODERN covers the period from the Renaissance, emphasizing the
interaction and ferment among political, religious and cultural
events. It then proceeds thru the period from the American Revolution
thru the French Revolution and Napoleonic era to the Civil War (1750-
1860), concentrating on the course of political and technical
revolutions. Finally, it concludes with an eclectic collection of people and
events from our century.

A separate dataset, TWENTY, covers the 20th century in more detail,
including CINEMA which traces directors, actors, pictures and events
from Intolerance, Potemkin and Gold Rush to Goodfellas and Dances with
Wolves.  It also includes more detail on World War II.

Any of these can be used as the basis for a new dataset.  Open the
dataset, then use the SaveAs option to save it under a different
name.  You can then delete, edit or add other people and events to
form a new dataset.

Note that for any of the times before about 800 BC, the dates for
Bible characters is traditional or speculative at best, since there is
no corroborating historical material.  Many of the dates given for
subsequent Bible events are also subject to debate.  In general we
have tried to use the date accepted by most accepted by most scholars,
but there many of these dates are controversial.  But that's the
beauty of an interactive program -- if you disagree with our
evaluation at any point,  you can modify the datasets as you
wish, based on your own research or beliefs.  Or just delete items
that are not of interest to you.  Any registered user who sends us 10
or more HTM or URL links will get a free update of all our current
datasets by email.  (Send email to [e-mail] for details)


TIMELINE
========

After editing People or Events choose Timeline from the menu to show the
data.  You can scroll thru the timelines, switching back & forth from
People and Events.  The two timelines are independent, so you can resize
each of them -- perhaps choosing a narrow people timeline and a wider
events timeline.  You can also fill the screen with one of the timelines.

Printing
--------
Click on the Print part of the menu when you want a hardcopy.  The
Printer setup lets you choose Portrait or Landscape for printouts.  On
standard pages, Portrait gives you 80 characters across, while Landscape
gives 102.  You can give less than these numbers, and the printout will
still be accurate.  This can be useful if you'd like wider margins, for
example.  However, if you enter a larger number (eg, 90 for a Portrait),
then some of the characters will be missing from each line.

The Timeline is printed so that it can be reassembled into a rectangular
wall chart.  In some cases, there will be blank pages, but these are
provided to make it easier to reconstruct the chart.  The program prints
the first X years (for example, 1-80 in standard Portrait mode), then the
next X (eg, 81-160), until the entire span is covered.

When you want to start over, then use the 'Select All' option from the
menu.

REPORTS
-------
Several reports are possible.  Either the People or Events file be
listed.  You can choose which items to include on the report in the setup
form.

Select
------
This option lets you select people and events by particular groupings.  The
selections only last for the duration of your current session, unless you
save the file (We suggest you use a new name for the selected file.)

You can select a range of years by changing the start and end dates.  Select
particular groupings by clicking on them.  If you want most of the group,
select  'All',  then click off the ones you don't want.  If you want only  a
few, click 'No groups', then choose the ones you want.  Reset brings back t
he full dataset.

Stats
-----
This option shows the current selections for the timeline.

GROUPINGS
=========
This selection  from the main menu lets you edit the various groupings.  The
simplest changes are in the names.  A list of current group names is
displayed, along with a number showing how many records are present for each
item.  Select Name to edit the names of the groupings; select color to
edit the colors.  Click on an item in the list to change it (A color
palette will appear for color selection)

Two special functions are also provided:

Consolidate
-----------
This feature lets you change one grouping to another.  For example, if you
select 'Europe' in the 'Keep this' column, and 'France' in the 'Replace
this' column, all the people who had a faction of France will now have a
faction of Europe.  This is handy if you're trying to merge sets and need to
reduce the numbers of a group or if you have duplicates.

Prune
-----
This feature deletes any grouping that has 0 items.

USING HTM PAGES FOR INTERNET AND LOCAL ACCESS
=============================================
Chronos 2000 lets you attach links to web pages, so the amount of
information you can attach is truly unlimited.   You can do this
either locally or on the internet.  A local link is handy when you
have more than a few sentences of information, more than one internet
link, or several pictures.   Use the htm pages included as templates
to make your own, using any ascii editor, or web page editor.

For internet links, you need to enter the full address of the website.
If you have Chronos running while you're online, the easiest way to do
this is to just cut and paste the address as you surf.


      If you click on the web link button and there is no link
defined, it just gives you a message showing the format it expects
using the Cascoly link as an example.   The idea is that you would
link to a website that has further information.  Eg, in the Classics
dataset, under Plato, you can click to get the actual texts of some of
his writings. This also shows how to bring up a page with multiple
links.  The page itself is local, in this case, and it has connections
to web based pages.  You might also have pages that are only local.

      Obviously, finding all these links will take some time, so
please share any links that you do find, and I'll pass them on to
other users.





EDITING OUTSIDE CHRONOS 2000
==================================

The WIT/Chronos files are standard ascii, so you can edit them in any word
processor that handles ascii files.  Be careful, though, that you keep the
number of lines exactly the same.  Thus you can change the text of a line,
but do not add or delete lines.  The files include some headers to help you
locate position.

Many users have information in other databases they might want to
convert to CHRONOS 2000 format.  You could do this manually,
reentering all the data in Chronos.  You could also write a basic
program that handles the conversion for you.  We can do the
conversion, if you want. Contact [e-mail] for details.
Successful conversions have been done from spreadsheets, and many
common database formats.


The CHRONOS 2000 file format was purposely designed so that it could
be easily edited outside of CHRONOS 2000.  This is useful for mass
updates or adding large blocks of information.  If you want to try to
experiment or edit these files, be sure to make backups first.

If you are careful, you can add or delete information outside of the
program.  For example, to add a person, increase the first line by 1,
then insert the appropriate lines for that person in the file.  People
and events are stored in order of birth year or event year.  You can
leave a blank line if you want to skip, eg, the description line.  The
best way is to just copy the information for one record, and then
change it as needed, either in an editor, or directly in the program.

REQUIREMENTS
============

CHRONOS 2000 requires Windows 95.  To use the internet
aware features of the URL/HTM links, you must have an Internet
Explorer or compatible browser available (along with a modem and
phone line).

Registered users of previous versions of Chronos, Windows in Time and
Bible Timeline are eligible for free conversions of their datasets to
the latest format.  Contact [e-mail] for details


REFERENCES & UPDATES
=====================

The example datasets illustrate the range of
studies possible using CHRONOS 2000.  Users are encouraged to send
interesting datasets to Cascoly, and we will include them in future
updates.  The example datasets were compiled from a variety of
sources.  Some good starting points would include the 'Who Was Who'
books that can be found in the reference section of libraries.
Another good source is an unabridged dictionary.  They often have a
section on famous people.  Some historical periods have special
dictionaries that are useful.  And, of course, there's the internet --
use the links we provide as a starting point for your journey, or use
a search engine to enter the name or description of an event that
interests you.  Once you find something on the internet, use cut and
paste to add that link to your dataset. Send your discoveries to us,
and receive free updates.

Cascoly Software is always interested in receiving updated or
alternate datasets created by users.  Any user who sends 10 or more
new HTM or URL references will get a free update of all our current
datasets.  (Send email to [e-mail] for details)

All datasets are dynamic -- they continue to grow and change as we do
further research, and users make suggestions for additions.  Check our
website at http://cascoly.com/history.htm for latest details, links
and updates.

GENERAL:
"Book of Chronologies", The NY Public Library, (Prentice Hall: 1990).
"Chronicle of the World", Jerome Burne, ed, (Ecam, 1989).
"The Timetables of History", Bernard Grun, (Touchstone: 1982).
"The Timetables of Science", Alexander Hellemans & Bryan Bunch, (1988).
"Illustrated Atlas of World History", Simon Adams, John Briquebec, Ann
   Kramer, (NY: Random House, 1992).
"Rand McNally Atlas of World History", (NY: 1987).

ANCIENT:
"Archaeological History of the Ancient Middle East", Jack Finegan,
     (Westview Press, 1979).

BIBLE ERA:
"Archaeology of the Bible", Gaalyeh Cornfeld, (1976).
"The Bible Timeline", Thomas Robinson, (1992).
"The Book of J", Harold Bloom, (1990).
"The Macmillan Bible Atlas", Yohanan Aharoni & Michael Avi-Yonah, 1977.
"Oxford Companion to the Bible", Bruce M. Metzger adn Michael D.
     Coogan, ed. (NY: Oxford Press, 1993)
"The Unauthorized Edition", Robin Lane Fox (1992).

CLASSICAL ERA:
"Oxford History of the Classical World", Boardman et al.(Oxford Press,1986).
"Atlas of World History: Classical World", Colin & Sarah McEvedy (NY:
   MacMillan Publishing Co., 1973).


MEDIEVAL:
"Atlas of World History: Dark Ages", Colin & Sarah McEvedy (NY: MacMillan
      Publishing Co., 1972)
"Cambridge Illustrated Atlas: Warfare: The Middle Ages: 768-1487",
      Nicholas Hooper and Matthew Bennett, (Cambridge: Cambridge
      University Press, 1996).
"Cambridge Illustrated Atlas: Warfare: Renaissance to Revolution:
      1492-1792",  Jeremy Black, (Cambridge: Cambridge University
      Press, 1996).
"History of Italian Renaissance Art", F.
Hartt, (NY: Harry Adams, Inc, 1969)


MODERN:
"The Dictionary of the Napoleonic Wars", David Chandler, (MacMillan:1979).

TWENTY:
"A History of Narrative Film", David A. Cook (WW Norton, NY: 1981).