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- A BRIEF HISTORY OF SCRABBLE
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-
- i
- The Scrabble (tm) Word Game
-
- The Scrabble (tm) word game has its origins in the depths of the Great
- Depression. Alfred Butts, an unemployed architect in upstate New York, had
- time on his hands. It was 1931, and his career prospects were understandably
- dim. What better thing to do than to try to invent a new board game?
-
- Butts attempted to combine the elements of anagramming and crossword puzzle
- solving in his new game. Skill would predominate, but random chance would
- also play a part. He called it Criss Cross.
-
- Butts made Criss Cross sets by hand for friends, who received it with
- enthusiasm, and sent samples to game manufacturers, who ignored it. By then
- architects were again in demand, and he returned to the practice of his
- profession.
-
- By 1948, Butts was willing to give up manufacturing rights to family friends,
- James Brunot and his wife. The Brunots revised the game and changed its name
- to the now familiar Scrabble (tm). The game's popularity grew steadily over
- the next few years, but it was still not a money maker. Finally, Brunot
- managed to consign some sets to the Macy's department store in 1952. Macy's
- featured the game and the orders began to pour in. Brunot's small company
- could no longer keep up with the demand and he assigned marketing and
- distribution rights to the Selchow and Righter Company.
-
- During the 1950's, Scrabble (tm) became a national mania, being featured in
- the media and becoming the family game of choice. Its popularity continued
- on a gradual upward curve into the '60's and '70's. The last decade has seen
- something of a decline in Scrabble's (tm) fortunes as the younger generation
- has taken to video and computer games. Scrabble (tm) remains, however, the
- premier board game, a synergistic blend of letter pattern combinations and
- geometric abstraction. It is about building words from random letter
- combinations, bringing forth order from chaos, and it is about conquering
- time and space. It is one of those rare games that allows its players to
- take part in a magic ritual for just a little while. If all the conditions
- are right, it can be a mystic experience.
-
- A few years ago, Selchow and Righter sold all rights to Scrabble (tm) and
- derivative products to Coleco. Coleco went bankrupt shortly afterwards
- (though not as a result of Scrabble (tm), which continued to sell steadily).
- Milton Bradley, a subsidiary of Hasbro, acquired the rights and still owns
- them to this day. Milton Bradley is making some efforts to revive the
- popularity of the game, and is attempting to introduce it into schools as an
- educational device. The large cash prizes at national tournaments ($50,000 at
- the Las Vegas nationals) that generated notice in the news media were put up
- by Milton Bradley.
-
- There are a few tens of thousands of "serious" players, that is, NSA
- members, rated players, and tournament participants. The popular base of
- Scrabble (tm) is the tens of millions of occasional and casual players. It
- remains to be seen whether a) the number of casual players will increase,
- and b) the migration of casual players to serious players can be encouraged.
-
-
- The 3rd edition of the OSPD (tm) is valid for play as of the beginning of
- February, 1996. There has also been an expurgated edition released, missing
- all those nasty words and insults, but all the expurgated words are still
- valid in competitive tournament play. The file OSPD.NEW contains the words
- newly added to the 3rd edition.
-
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-
- ii
- Computer Versions of Scrabble (tm)
-
- The first generation of personal computers was scarcely powerful enough to
- support as complex a game as Scrabble (tm). The Commodore Pet, TRS-80 Model
- I, OSI Challenger, and early Apple II typically had between 4K and 16K of
- memory, cassette tape storage, and limited graphics. The main programming
- language available, BASIC, was hardly suitable for anything but fairly
- simple games. This was to change quickly.
-
- In its April 1980 issue, CREATIVE COMPUTING magazine published a listing of
- "Perquackey" written in DISK BASIC for the TRS-80 Model I, by David E.
- Powers. This text-based game had much of the feel of Scrabble (tm) and
- hinted at greater possibilities. This version of computer Perquackey was
- very playable and did not produce boredom unless played to excess (more than
- 5 hours at a time).
-
- In its December 1981 issue, BYTE Magazine featured a version of Scrabble
- (tm) written by Joseph Roehrig in generic MBASIC in the annual games award
- issue. After spending many hours typing in the long listing into my 16K
- "Trash 80", I was rewarded with a very crude and slow simulation of what I
- barely recognized as Scrabble (tm). Disappointing.
-
- The big breakthrough came in May of 1981. Personal Software Inc. released
- Monty Plays Scrabble (r) for the disk-based 48K Apple II. The graphics were
- low resolution (it did *not* use the Apple's hires mode and it was actually
- necessary to keep track of play on a game board), the game play was s-l-o-w
- at the higher levels, and that little disk drive kept grinding away as
- "Monty" looked up words to play (with his silly looking face staring out
- from the computer screen). All the same, "Monty" played a remarkably strong
- game, averaging about 350 points per game at the top level and scoring about
- a Bingo per game. This was an astonishing achievement for that generation of
- computer hardware. Sadly, the handheld electronic version of "Monty" was a
- disappointing failure.
-
- The advent of the more powerful IBM PC brought more sophistication to games.
- Virgin Games brought out its version of Scrabble (tm) in the late '80's. It
- played almost as strong a game as "Monty", and the graphics were somewhat
- better. Around 1990, Virgin Games released Deluxe Scrabble (tm), for PC
- compatibles with hard drive, mouse, and a VGA monitor. The graphics were
- greatly improved, the game play was strong, averaging maybe 380 points per
- game on the highest playing level, and the game playing interface the best
- so far. After 10 years, Monty was finally beaten.
-
- Virgin Games Deluxe Scrabble (tm), was issued on CD ROM, and cost in the
- neighborhood of $35 (discounted considerably at computer flea markets, if
- you can still find it). It provides good practice for game play against
- humans, especially in its timed mode. It has many extra options and features
- as a bonus. The user interface still compares very favorably with any of the
- more modern computerized Scrabble (tm) implementations. The word list is
- only OSPD1 compatible with about 200 errors in it and not upgradeable. No
- longer available at retail, but still turns up at computer flea markets. I
- still recommend this one because of its playability, and with more modern
- computers it can be played at the top level without having to wait overly
- long for the computer to move. Can run under DOS, always a plus.
-
- In late 1987, Vic Rice wrote a freeware Scrabble (tm) program using EGA
- graphics. It is difficult to set it up to run on newer computers with
- extended memory, but it plays an interesting game. No current address for
- him is available (his Seabrook, Texas address is no longer valid).
-
- In early 1988, Chris Hall, now of Irving, Texas programmed a simple version
- of Scrabble (tm) and released it as freeware. It allows human players to use
- the computer as a surrogate for the game board and pieces when competing
- against each other. There is *no* computer opponent. This is an interesting
- and useful program. It may still be available for download from some BBS's
- (check his home page also, see below).
- Chris also has produced Scrabble (tm) door software for BBS's.
- Chris Hall's address is:
- PO Box 165507
- Irving, TX 75016-5507
- e-mail: chall@nova-net.net
- Web: http://www.nova1.net/~chall/
-
-
- There is a very good shareware version of Scrabble (tm) available, called
- Scramble. It can be downloaded from many BBS's and is offered by some
- shareware distributors. Scramble has a very intuitive player interface,
- superior even to that of Virgin Games' commercial version. The graphics are
- only adequate, its dictionary is very limited, and important features such
- as a save-game option and a game timer are missing. Still, at $15 to
- register it is a bargain and highly recommended. Scramble may be ordered
- directly from:
- Diana Gruber
- Ted Gruber Software
- PO Box 13408
- Las Vegas, NV 89112.
-
-
-
- Scrabell is a simple but elegant freeware version of Scrabble (tm). No
- computer opponent is provided, though there is a word check against the
- supplied 35,000 word dictionary. The VGA graphics are adequate, actually
- very similar to Scramble, above, as is the mouse interface. The entire game
- requires only 400K of drive space so it is eminently suitable for older
- systems or laptops. The author will accept, but does not require, a $5.00
- contribution. An enhanced, Windows compatible version is reportedly
- forthcoming.
- John M. Sharpe
- 9502 N. 15th Ave., #224
- Phoenix, AZ 85021
- E-mail: jmsharpe@aol.com
-
-
- An excellent shareware Scrabble (tm) game, for Windows users, is Scrabout,
- by Lance Frohman. It carries a low $10 registration, and Lance will supply
- extra dictionaries, including foreign language ones, to registered users.
- You can download the beta-test version 2 of Scrabout from his Web page.
- Version 2 now allows play by modem over the Internet.
- Lance Frohman
- 2035 Filbert St., #2
- San Francisco, CA 94123-3539
- E-mail: lfrohman@sirius.com
- Web: http://www.sirius.com/~lfrohman/sharware.html
-
- Tim & Glo's Scrabble (tm) Parlor offers IRC and chat support for Scrabout at
- the website http://www.cris.com/~Tjdavis/.
-
-
-
- For all you UNIX devotees and programmers, there is James Cherry's freeware
- UNIX SCRABBLE. It is supplied as a half meg "tarred" file at the ftp site
- ftp.doe.carleton.ca in the /pub/scrabble directory. This one is not for the
- faint of heart. The source code in C is supplied, and it compiles without
- problems using gcc under Linux. Plays a quick and very strong game using a
- supplied OSPD2-compatible 87,995 word dictionary (substituting your own
- dictionary is not too difficult, and an OSPD3-compatible dictionary for this
- game is available from M\Cooper, see below). If only it had graphics and a
- nicer user interface (running under X maybe), it would be s-l-i-c-k. Compare
- this one against Matt Chapman's XScrabble, below.
-
-
-
- Another UNIX version is Matt Chapman's XScrabble. This one has a very nice
- GUI user interface, and runs in an Xterm. Pretty looking, plays a good game,
- and has more "bells and whistles" than is usual for Scrabble (tm) software,
- including game timer, auto save of high scores, and more. Uses supplied
- OSPD2 dictionary which can be upgraded by user. As is usual for UNIX
- software, the source code needs to be "built" (requires a fair amount of
- UNIX expertise). One of the Makefiles needs to be tweaked for it to compile
- on a Linux box (contact M\Cooper for the patch). It is a Beta version, so it
- still has a few minor bugs. There may soon be a support group for this
- software, according to Matt. Very highly recommended, nonetheless (it is
- gratifying to see software that runs on a *real* OS).
- It is available for download at:
- http://www.csv.warwick.ac.uk/~csuoq/programs/xscrabble.tar.gz
- The author of the software can be e-mailed at :
- csuoq@csv.warwick.ac.uk
-
-
-
- Then there is Wordsworth. This shareware game is a mind-blowing new approach
- to computer Scrabble (tm). It eliminates the some of the limitations in
- classic Scrabble (tm) by allowing the player to configure the shape of the
- board and even to choose the letter distribution. The graphics in the
- highest resolution mode are a bit hard on the eyes and the dictionary could
- be larger (15,000 words in the unregistered version, entire OSPD2 in the
- registered), but all the same this is a noble attempt to breathe some life
- back into this venerable game. Also has a number of subsidiary anagram and
- pattern matching utilities. Highly recommended, even if a bit pricey. Costs
- $25 U.S. (75 Rand South African) to register. May be ordered directly from:
- Graham Wheeler
- P.O. Box 6680
- Roggebaai
- Capetown 8012
- South Africa
- ==============
- Email: gram@oms.co.za
-
-
- The strongest commercial version of Scrabble (tm) is reputed to be
- CrossWise. It costs $35 + shipping and is available from Cygnus Cybernetics,
- 2013 Weathertop, Ft. Collins, CO 80526. Runs on PC Compatibles only and is
- unfortunately copy protected [I strongly advise against purchase of copy
- protected software]. ========
-
-
- Milton Bradley has finally released "official" Scrabble (tm) software for MS
- Windows (tm) and the Mac, available on CD ROM. It retails for about $50.
- They purchased rights to Maven and incorporated its algorithms into its own
- product.
-
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-
- Scrabble and OSPD are trademarks of the Milton Bradley Co., Inc.
-
- Monty Plays Scrabble was trademarked and copyrighted by Personal Software.
-
- MS Windows (tm) is a trademark of the Microsoft Corp. (aka Evil Empire)
-
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-
- Comments:
-
-
- M\Cooper
- PO Box 237
- St. David, AZ 85630-0237
- ------------------------------------------------
- E-mail: thegrendel@theriver.com
- Web: http://personal.riverusers.com/~thegrendel/
-