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.he Word Fugue TUTORIAL Word Fugue Tutorial Version 1.8b Copyright 1985,87,89 by Fugue Software. All Rights Reserved. Permission is granted to distribute exact copies of this Tutorial. Fugue Software P.O. Box 942 WODEN ACT AUSTRALIA Registration Fee Australia $55, Overseas $US55 By following the instructions in these lessons, you will learn how to use the Word Fugue word processor. Although the lessons don't cover every aspect of the program, they will provide you with a good working knowledge of Word Fugue. In this tutorial you will learn the basics of: o Making a working disk. o Creating a file. o Entering text. o Saving and exiting. o Loading an existing file. o Moving around the screen. o Changing text. o Changing margins. o Copying, moving, and deleting text. o Finding and replacing text. o Using Help screens and menus. o Printing. To get the most out of this tutorial, you should be familiar with your computer and with DOS. If your knowledge of these areas is sketchy, please read "Introduction to Computers and DOS" in the User's Guide that came with your computor. If you wish to obtain detailed knowledge of all Word Fugue commands, you should register. This entitles you to updated versions of Word Fugue, and the Word Fugue Users Guide. The Word Fugue User's Guide gives detailed explanations of all Word Fugue commands. Refer to it if you need more information. As you become an advanced Word Fugue user, you'll discover powerful word processing techniques not covered in this tutorial. The instructions in this tutorial are for a computer with two disk drives. If your computer has only one disk drive, just change disks when your computer tells you to. If you have a hard disk, you can do this tutorial with your floppy disk drive. If you want to (use "C:" and a subdirectory name instead of "B:", for example). Now you're ready to start. If you haven't done so already, boot your computer with DOS. Place your DOS disk in drive A (the left or top disk drive) and turn on the computer. Enter the date and time if you are asked to. When the computer is ready, a DOS prompt will appear on the screen. The DOS prompt looks like this: A> Note: The DOS prompt may look like C> if you have a hard disk system. At the DOS prompt, you can type DOS commands (you'll learn some of these in the lessons) and the commands to start the Word Fugue edit program and print program. The notation <Enter> means that you should press the Enter key (also called the Return key) after you type the command. You can type DOS or Word Fugue commands in upper or lower case, or a mixture; it makes no difference. If you are asked to type text that is shown in quote marks, type the text but not the quote marks. The Esc key is the universal cancel key; use it cancel Word Fugue commands PCjr Users: The keyboard of the IBM PC contains certain keys that the PCjr keyboard doesn't. For a function key like F1, press the PCjr Fn key with the "1" key. For other keys, the PCjr command is contained in parentheses with the notation PCjr:. Lesson 1: Making a Working disk =============================== Never work from the original disks that the program comes on. You should always back up these disks, and work from the backup disks. The originals should be put away in a safe place. To make your copies, you will require 3 blank, formatted floppies. Place the first Word Fugue disk into drive A, a blank disk into Drive B, and type COPY A: B: When the dos prompt returns, remove those disks, place the second Word Fugue disk in drive A, another blank disk in drive B, and type the copy statement again. Do this a third time for the third disk. Please label your copies so you know which disk is which. Now you can create a working disk to use for everyday editing and printing. Floppy Disk Users ================= High Density Floppies ===================== If you have a high density 3" or 5" drive, your floppy disk will hold either 1.4 Meg or 1.2 Meg, and all files will fit on one disk. Simply use the Dos COPY command to copy all files from the Word Fugue distribution disks onto a single high density floppy. Updating the Dictionary will require a second disk containing a copy of the dictionary, since the update program creates a new copy of the dictionary, renaiming the old one to WF_MAIN.BAK 720K 3" Floppies ================ This type of disk will fit most of the information on one disk. Everything you need for day to day use will fit. What you need is: WF.EXE WF.OVR WF.HLP WF.RLR *.MAC your choice of .PDF files WF_MAIN.DIC Installation of key strokes will need another (working) disk containing: WF.EXE WFINST.EXE WF.TXT Be sure to copy the updated WF.EXE and WF.HLP files to your main disk. Updating the Dictionary will require a second disk containing a copy of the dictionary, since the update program creates a new copy of the dictionary, renaiming the old one to WF_MAIN.BAK 360K Floppies ============= Word Fugue comes on three floppy disks. There is not enough room on the program disk for the help file. You can run using the disks as supplied, but you will not be able to use the online Help facility nor the Spelling checker. If you want to use these facilities, you will need to give some thought to the organization of files. Note that if you wish to use Word Fugue's ability to save changes to default conditions (eg margins, screen colors etc) you will need to have the disk containing WF.EXE present StartUp disk ============ This should contain WF.OVR WF.HLP WF.RLR *.MAC your choice of PDF files You will need a second drive containing WF.EXE (eg your B drive), while the startup disk is in drive A. Drive A should be the default drive (ie the dos prompt should show A:>) and you would start Word Fugue by entering B:WF Once Word Fugue has started, you do not need the disk with the WF.EXE file in drive B, and can replace it with your data disk. However, THE DISK IN DRIVE A SHOULD ONLY BE SWAPPED FOR THE DICTIONARY DISK (see below) WHEN YOU ARE CHECKING SPELLING, AND SHOULD BE REPLACED AS SOON AS SPELL CHECKING HAS FINISHED. You will not be able to obtain online help while checking spelling, because the help file will not be available. Dictionary Disk =============== This should contain WF.OVR and WF_MAIN.DIC. These 2 files will almost fill up the disk. When you want to do spell checking, you would remove the Startup disk and replace it with the dictionary disk. As soon as spell checking has finished, you would remove the dictionary disk and replace it with the Startup disk. RAM DISK ======== If you have a 640K machine, you could load a Ram disk when you turn on your computer, and copy the WF.OVR and WF.HLP files to that drive. (Typically E: It must be in your PATH statement) Refer to your Dos manual for information on setting up a ram disk. You will need approximately 200K set aside for these files. With these files loaded into a RAM disk, you can put the disk containing WF.EXE in drive A, and then replace it with the dictionary disk as soon as Word Fugue has started. The dictionary disk should contain WF_MAIN.DIC *.MAC your choice of PDF file If you have only one 360K drive, you will need to use a Ram disk to take advantage of Word Fugue's features. HARD DISK USERS ================ 1. Choose a directory to be your Word Fugue working directory. MD C:\dirname CD C:\dirname 2. Put the Word Fugue backup program disk in drive A. At the DOS prompt, type: COPY A:*.* C: 3. Put the word Fugue backup utilities disk into drive A. At the DOS prompt, type: COPY A:*.* C: 4. Put the word Fugue backup dictionary disk into drive A. At the DOS prompt, type: COPY A:*.* C: 5. Change your path statement so that the Word Fugue directory is included. You now have a Word Fugue working disk and are ready to continue the tutorial. If you had any difficulty copying the files, try the steps again. Make sure that you spell everything correctly, and that you leave spaces where indicated and don't add any extra spaces. Configuring Word Fugue for your machine. ======================================== Word Fugue comes configured for color, and direct screen writes for IBM PCs and clones. If you wish, you can configure it to run in B/W or even to run on a Generic MSDOS machine. 1. Generic MSdos: at the DOS prompt, type: WF /G Please ensure that you type a capital G, not lower case g. This will cause Word Fugue to use MS Dos Bios calls to write to the screen. This is not as fast as direct screen writes, but ensures that Word Fugue will run on any MSDos machine. This option is active only for this one time, unless you save Word Fugue's settings. See below for this. 2. Color or Black and white. Word Fugue automatically senses whether your computer is in Black and White mode or Color mode, and will work in colors or black and white depending on what it finds. However, some older, non standard monitor cards can look like color when they are not, or you may have a black and white monitor attached to a color CGA card. You can cause Word fugue to always come up in black and white by entering WF /B at the Dos prompt. Please ensure that you type a capital B and not lower case b. 3. Vertical retrace. When Word Fugue writes directly to the screen, you may find that the screen sparkles and flickers, especially if you have an old IBM. This is nothing to worry about. It means that Word Fugue is trying to use the screen memory at the same time as the screen hardware is trying to. You can cure this by activating the Pull Down Menu (Shift F1), typing in O for option, and then D for Display options. You should see a list of options, among them Snow control Off. Type in S and you should see Snow control On. Press ESC to return to the options menu, followed by S for save settings and continue with your edit session. You must make sure that you have a the file WF.EXE available, or you will not be able to save your settings Lesson 2: Creating a File ========================= Now, let's create a file called WRITING.TXT on the disk in the B drive. 1. Place your Word Fugue working disk in the A drive and a formatted disk in the B drive. 2. Make sure that a file called WRITING.TXT doesn't already exist. At the DOS prompt, type: DIR B:WRITING.TXT <Enter> If there is a directory entry for a file called WRITING.TXT on the disk, substitute another name, like TALE, for WRITING.TXT in this tutorial. 3. Now type: WF B:WRITING.TXT <Enter> WF is the name of the Word Fugue edit program. B: is the drive specification. This tells the edit program to create the new file on the disk in the B drive. Now the disk drives whirr and click, and the initial Word Fugue screen appears. This screen welcomes you to Word Fugue. As this screen comes up, Word Fugue checks to see if the file WRITING.TXT exists on the disk in the B drive. Since this is a new file, the edit area of the screen will be blank. If you accidentally typed WRITIN.TXT instead of WRITING.TXT, then when the edit screen comes up, you would press either F3 (function key 3) or <Ctrl> K D. Word Fugue will prompt you for the name of the file you wish to edit. The Top Line gives information about the program's activities, displays messages, and prompts you for information. Pay attention to this line as you edit. The second line indicates the name of the file, line and column numbers of the cursor, page number, and certain status indicators. it should display WRITING.TXT. Further over, you will see Line 1 col 1. You should also see Ins for insert mode on and Wrap for word wrap. These will be discussed further in later lessons. Lesson 3: Entering Text ======================= In this lesson, you'll be asked to type some text. If you are familiar with word processing, you may not want to do this. Now the fun starts. Enter text just as you do on a typewriter. Use the Shift keys to capitalize letters. Press the Caps Lock key to type all capital letters (notice that only the alphabetic keys are affected). If you use a Shift key when Caps Lock is on, you get lower case. Follow the steps in this lesson to see how easy entering text can be. 1. The cursor (a blinking block that tells you where editing will take place) is at the top of the screen. Type this sentence, just as you would on a typewriter: Twas brillig, and the slythy toves did gyre and gymbol in the wabe. Press the Enter key. The cursor will go to the beginning of the next line. Press the Enter key a second time to insert a blank line. Don't worry if you make any spelling mistakes, you will go back and correct them later. The Word Fugue program lets you enter lines of text this way (one line at a time, pressing the Enter key after each line), but it also lets you enter text in a simpler fashion, using two features called wordwrap and reformatting. Both let you keep on typing without pressing Enter at the end of each line. The program moves the words around to the next line, keeping them between the left and right margins. When you are editing text, press <Ctrl> B to reformat a paragraph you are editing. (This is also shown as ^B). Look at the Status Line. It may say Wrap. This means that wordwrap is on. If it does not, then press <Ctrl> O W, (^OW) to set wordwrap on. Press the Enter key twice to start a new paragraph. 3. Type the following paragraphs using word wrap. Press the Enter key twice at the end of each paragraph. You'll use this story in the lessons that follow. Beware the Jabberwock, my son, the claws that bite, the jaws that catch, beware the JubJub bird, and shun the frumious bandersnatch. He took his Vorpal sword in hand, long time the manxome foe he sought. Then rested he by the tumtum tree, and stood a while in thought. And as in uffish thought he stood, the Jabberwock with eyes of flame came wiffling through the tulgy wood, and burbled as it came. One two. One Two. And through and though. His vorpal sword went snicker snack. He left it dead, and with its head, he went galumphing back. If you hold a key down, the character will repeat until you release it. This is handy for drawing lines of dots, hyphens, or periods. 5. Press the period and hold it down to make make a row of dots. Then press the Enter key twice. Lesson 4: Saving and Exiting ============================ All your work up to this point is stored only in the computer's memory. None has been copied to the disk. If you shut off your computer, all of it will be gone for good. To use the text another time, you need to save it on the disk. Word Fugue lets you save the text and continue editing, or save and then exit the edit program returning to DOS. The saved version replaces the older version when you edit an existing file. You should save the text frequently while you edit. Then, if you accidentally kick the computer plug out of the wall, you won't lose too much work. Let's learn how to save the text to the disk. 1. Press Shift F1. The Pulldown Menu appears on the Top Line: File Window Text Block Goto Search Options Miscellaneous with File hi-lighted 2. Press F, the file menu option. Another menu appears, showing among other commands New Quit Save. Press S for the Save option. As the edit program saves the file, the top line will show "Working". You could have achieved the same by pressing <Ctrl> and K at the same time, followed by S. When the file is saved, you are returned to edit mode, and may continue editing. If you had finished editing, you would type <Ctrl> K D , or by pressing function key 3 (F3), or from the Pulldown menu F(ile), D(one). When Word Fugue is done saving the file, it will ask "Name of File to edit?" and shows you the name of the file you just saved . You can change this to a new file, or press ESC if you do not wish to edit any file. In this case the menu will appear. You could select Quit to finish. Now let's see how to exit the edit program and return to DOS. 3. First press Shift F1 to get the PullDown Menu. Then press F for file, and then press Q to Quit. Had you been editing, WF would have asked you Save Changes Y/N? If you had entered Y, WF would have saved the file automatically. The DOS prompt will appear; you're out of the program. You could have achieved the same effect by: (i) pressing <Ctrl> K X or (ii) pressing F10 You don't have to save a file before you exit the program. If you make a mistake and don't want to save it, press the Shift F1 key, then the F key and, finally, the Q key (for Quit). When Word Fugue prompts you to Save Changes Y/N? just type in N for no. (Note, that if you have not made any changes to the text since the last time you saved it, you will not be asked if you want to save. Word Fugue knows that the text is saved, and simple finishes) This takes you back to the last saved it. You could achieve the same results by pressing <Ctrl> K Q Lesson 5: Loading an Existing File ================================== Now let's see how to load an existing file. 1. At the DOS prompt, type: WF B:Writing.txt <Enter> Word Fugue checks for the file Writing.txt on the disk in the B drive. When it finds it, the Top line says: Reading When the program is done reading the file from the disk into your computer's memory, the edit screen comes up and the status line displays WRITING.TXT Lesson 6: Moving Around the Screen ================================== In this lesson, you'll learn how to move the cursor around on the screen and to move to different parts of your text file. On the far right side of the keyboard are four keys called the Arrow keys. The Up and Down Arrow keys move the cursor up and down one line at a time. The Left and Right Arrow keys move it left and right one space at a time. If you hold down an Arrow key, it repeats. 1. Experiment with the Arrow keys. Hold down the Down Arrow. The cursor moves down. Now move it up again with the Up Arrow. Do the same with the Right and Left Arrow keys. The other keys in this lesson are also on the right side of the keyboard. Home (PCjr: Fn Home) moves the cursor to the left margin. The End key (PCjr: Fn End) moves the cursor to the end of the line just after the last character or blank on the line. 2. Move the cursor to the last line of the second paragraph. Press the Home key and watch it move to the left margin. Now press the End key. Press the space bar 3 times, then the Home key, then End again. Watch where the cursor ends up. The PgUp and PgDn (PCjr: Fn PgUp and Fn PgDn) keys scroll the text down or up by one screen of text (20 lines). 3. Press the PgDn key and watch the text go up. Press PgUp and watch it go down. Hold them to repeat. Lesson 7: More About Entering Text ================================== The Word Fugue program has two "modes" for entering text. A mode is the way the computer responds to certain keystrokes. The two modes are Insert mode and Overwrite mode. When you start editing a file, the edit program is in Insert mode. This means that as you type new text, existing text to the right of the cursor is pushed to the right. The status line will say Ins if Word Fugue is in Insert mode. Otherwise it will show Ovr for overwrite mode. Press the INS key several times, and watch the Ins and Ovr appear and disappear. Every time Ovr appears, you are in Overwrite mode. Chech that Ins shows at the top of the screen. 1. Place the cursor at the beginning of "Jabberwock" in the second paragraph. Press the space bar a few times. Watch "Jabberwock" move to the right. In Insert mode the space bar moves text to the right. 2. Now move the cursor to the first letter of the word "JubJub". Type "black" and press the space bar. As you type, the characters on the right are pushed over to make room. In Overwrite mode, you replace old text as you enter new text, writing over what is already there. To go from Insert to Overwrite mode, press the Ins key. Press it again to change back. 3. Move the cursor to the first letter of the word "vorpal". Press the INS key and ensure that the letters Ovr show in the status line. Type "trusty" and watch the letters write over the old characters. You are in Overwrite mode. Press the space bar 3 or 4 times. In Overwrite mode, spaces write over existing text. 4. If you press Shift and Function key 1, you will see the pulldown menu appear. Press G for Goto, and you will see a list of options available, including Top of file, Bottom of file, Line, Column, and so on. You can select an option by moving the arrow keys to hi-light a word, and pressing return, or by typing in the capital letter that you see in each word. Try going to different places in the text by using different options, and see what happens. Lesson 8: Changing Text ======================= There are basically two ways to change text: 1) add new text, and 2) delete existing text. In Lesson 7, you learned how to add new text in Insert and Overwrite modes. Word Fugue gives you a number of ways to delete text. Press the Bksp (Backspace) key to delete the character to the left of the cursor. Press the Del (Delete) key to delete the character at the cursor. The Bksp Key The Bksp key is located above the Enter key. It may have a left arrow on it, but it is not the same as the Left Arrow key. If you mistype a character, press Bksp to delete it. The cursor moves back so you can type the correct character. Bksp moves the cursor just as the Left Arrow key moves it, but it also deletes the character to the left. Bksp also pulls the rest of the line to the left. The space bar pushes to the right in Insert mode, or overwrites and moves the cursor to the right in Overwrite mode, so Bksp and the space bar are complementary. 1. Move the cursor to the third paragraph of the Writing.txt. Make sure you are in Insert mode (see the previous lesson), then place the cursor on the period after the word "thought". Press the Bksp key 7 times until the whole word is gone. The Line Boundary Word Fugue places a line boundary character at the end of every line. This is an "invisible" character, like a space. Just as the A key inserts a letter "A", the Enter key inserts a line boundary. What happens if the cursor is at the start of a line and you press Bksp? You go to the end of the previous line, but you also delete the line boundary. 2. You may see several different characters in the right most position of lines. These each indicate different things. o The dot symbol indicates that the line has never been used. The only way of moving onto such lines is to use the Enter key. o The right double arrow >> indicates that the line continues to the right of the screen. This happens if you enter text with Word Wrap off, and forget to move to a new line. If you move to the end of such a line, you will see similar markers << at the start of each line, indicating that the lines continue to the left of the screen. o The symbol Pt indicates that this line will be at the top of a new page 3. Move the cursor up one line by pressing the Up Arrow key, then to the beginning of the line by pressing Home. Make sure you are in Insert mode. Press the Bksp key to delete the line boundary. Now press the Enter key to split the line again. The Del Key The other key that deletes one character at a time is the Del key. Its located in the bottom right corner of the keyboard. It deletes a character, but it doesn't move the cursor. It pulls the rest of the line from the right. 4. Move the cursor to the beginning of the word "uffish" in the fourth paragraph. Press the Del key 6 times to delete "uffish,". Compare this to the Bksp key. 5. An easy way to replace a longer word with a shorter one is to use Overwrite mode and Del together. Move the cursor back to the second paragraph. Switch to Overwrite mode by pressing Insert. Move the cursor to the first letter of the word "manxome" and type "bad". Now press the Del key 4 times to close up the gap. Press the Insert key to return to Insert mode. Lesson 9: More Ways to Change Text ================================== There are three more simple ways to delete text. Ctl Bksp deletes the text on a line from the cursor to the end of the line. If the cursor is at the start of the line, Ctl Bksp deletes the whole line. Ctl T deletes one word at the cursor. Alt F1 deletes the word to the left of the cursor. 1. Place the cursor at the beginning of the word "foe" in the third paragraph. Press the Ctl key and hold it while you press T. Watch the word disappear. Word Fugue considers the spaces after a word to be part of the word. 2. Place the cursor at the beginning of a line, and press Ctl Bksp and watch the whole line disappear. 3. Move back up to the last paragraph. Place the cursor at the end of the last line and press Alt F1. Watch the word to the left of the cursor disappear. 4. If you wish to delete an entire line, press Ctl Y. Watch the whole line disappear, and the lines below move up There are a few other ways to delete text; these are described in the Help screens and in the Word Fugue User's Guide. Undeleting When you delete text with Ctl Y, the text is moved to a part of the computer's memory called the Undo Stack. It stays in the Undo Stack until you put something else there or exit the file. There is room for 20 lines in the undo stack (unless you change this.) As you delete the lines, they are added to the top of the stack. If you press undo, (the Alt key and the Y key together), then a line is removed from the top of the stack and placed in the text where the cursor is. You can change the limit by using the pulldown option menu. Try this now - press Shift F1 to activate the menu, followed by O for option, L for Load file options and U for undo limit. You will be prompted for a new limit. Press ESC 3 times to return to the editing screen. Note that unless you save the defaults (Save defaults on the options menu), your changes to the undo limit will be only be remembered while Word Fugue is running, and will be forgotten once you finish. 4. Move the cursor to a line. Press Ctl Y to delete the line. Now press Alt Y and watch it reappear. As long as you don't place anything else in the Undo Stack or exit the edit program, you can move the cursor and undelete anywhere in the file. This is one way of moving a block of text. In Lesson 11 you'll learn another method. Characters deleted with Del or Bksp are not saved in the Undo Stack. 5. Move the cursor to the beginning of the same line. Press Ctl Y to delete the whole line. Now move the cursor a few lines down and press Alt Y. Watch the line reappear. The Ins Key What if you're in Overwrite mode and want to replace a short word with a longer one? You need to use the Ins key. It places you in insert mode. Press Ctrl T to delete the short word, and then press Ins to place the program into insert mode. Type in the new word. After a while you may pick some keys that you like for editing. Perhaps you will stay in Insert mode and mostly use the Bksp key. Maybe you'll stay in Overwrite mode and use Bksp with Ins and Del. Perhaps you'll use both methods. Lesson 10: Changing Margins =========================== In the last few lessons you made several changes to the WRITING.TXT file. Automatic reformatting has kept the text between the left and right margins. You can change the location of the margins by pressing Ctrl O L key for the left margin, and Ctrl O R for the right margin. Alternatively, you can use the pull down menu, Options menu, M for Margins sub menu and type L for left margin change, or R for right margin change. From the Options menu, pressing R allows you to control tab settings. Change the right margin to 45, and the left margin to 5, and type in some text. (Ctrl O L 5 and Ctrl O R 45). Watch how each line starts 5 characters in from the left edge, and also how the text wraps around so that it will not go over the right margin. (This only works if Word Wrap is on. Check to see that Wrap appears on the status line. If you do not see it, press CTRL and O at the same time, followed by W. Word Wrapping ============= When you reformat a paragraph with Ctl B, you arrange the text between the margins. As you enter new text, Word Fugue moves it to the next line when you reach the right margin unless you have wordwrap off. 5. Press Ctl O W to turn wordwrap off. The Top Line now has a space instead of Wrap. Press the Enter key twice then type a long line of text. It does not wrap around; it keeps going off the screen. 6. Press Ctl O W again. The Top Line says Wrap. Now wordwrap is on. Place the cursor in the middle of the line you just typed and type some new text. Notice that the text does not wordwrap even though wordwrap is on. Wordwrap does not reformat existing text when you edit it, only new text. Move the cursor to the beginning of the line and press the Ctl B key. The line falls between the left and right margins. Move the cursor to the end of the line with the End key and type some new text. The text is formatted correctly as you type because wordwrap is on. 7. However, you can select automatic reformatting of text as you type. First turn word wrap off, and type in a long line of text (one that passes beyond the margins). Now place the cursor in the middle of the text and press Alt P. You should see Para displayed on the status line, and the long line will be reformatted to fit within the margins. Make sure that Insert mode is on, and type some text into the middle of the line. Note how the lines of text are reformatted as you type. Delete some text and you will see the lines below flow up to fit with the current line. Press Alt P again and Para changes to Wrap. Some people like their text to reformat as they type, while others prefer to reformat text themselves. You will probably find that sometimes you prefer to have automatic reformatting on and other times just ordinary word wrap. Automatic reformatting can also be selected from the pull down menu - select Options, then Format options, and select auto reFormat (the F is hi-lighted - this selects auto reformat). Selecting it again toggles between Off and On. When you reformat a paragraph, Word Fugue treats all lines of text as part of the same paragraph until it encounters a blank line. It treats this line as the end of the paragraph, and will reformat all text between the cursor and the blank line. Some word processors have special end of paragraph markers, which can cause problems when they appear in the middle of a paragraph, because they stop the rest of the paragraph from wrapping. Word Fugue takes a simpler approach, which is more obvious to the eye - all lines that appear to be part of a paragraph, because there is no blank lines, will be treated as one paragraph. Justification of Right Margin ============================= Ordinary word wrap moves words to the next line when they will not fit on the current line. However, the ends of lines do not line up with the right margin - they are known as ragged right margin. This is the default. However, you can select Justified Right margin, which means that lines will be padded with spaces between words so that the ends of the lines all line up with the right hand margin. 8. Select justification from the pull down menu - Options, Format options, J for Justify, or press Ctrl O J. You will see Just appear after the wrap in the status line. Put the cursor on the first line of a ling paragraph, and press ctrl B to reformat the paragraph. Note how extra spaces are inserted between some of the words so that each line ends in the same column. Turn justification off (press ctrl O J again), go to the start of the paragraph, and press ctrl B again. Notice that nothing changes. This is because the default word wrap does not remove the extra spaces that justification put in. However, this can be easily fixed. You simply tell Word Fugue that you want it to remove extra spaces between words when it wraps text. From the pull down menu, select Options, then Format, and select "Squash line on wrap". It will change from Off to On. Now go back to the first line of the paragraph and press ctrl B and see the paragraph change. Temporary Left Margin ===================== Pressing function key 4 (F4) will set a temporary left margin at the column the sursor is in. Subsequent lines that wrap will wrap to the column. You will see a little triangle mark appear in the ruler line (the line below the status line) to indicate where the temporary left margin is located. Temporary left margins only remain while the cursor is within the paragraph that it was set from. Moving the cursor outside this paragraph (ie up or down to a blank line) will clear the temporary margin, as will pressing the enter key, or manually reformatting the paragraph (via ctrl B). Press F4, and type in some text, enough to cause the lines to wrap. Then reformat the paragraph. Notice that the first line does not conform to the temporary margin, but the others do. Set the temporary left margin again and move the cursor around using the arrow keys. Notice what happens when you move outside the paragraph. Lesson 11: Copying, Moving, and Deleting Text ============================================= In this lesson, you'll learn to move, copy, and delete blocks of text. A block can be any amount of text that's all together in one place. To copy a block of text from one spot in a file to another: 1. Place the cursor at the beginning of the fourth paragraph of the story. Press CTRL-K B and then the Down Arrow key three times. Press CTRL-K K. The text is highlighted. This is called a marked block. You can also use the Pulldown menu with Block Begin and Block End. Make sure that your cursor is on the line you wish to mark, and at the character you wish to include. 2. Move the cursor to the line that you want the text copied after. Press CTRL-K C (or from the pulldown Block Copy) You have copied the paragraph to the new location. Notice that the original stays marked. Press CTRL-K H to clear the marking. To move a block of text from one place to another: 3. Place the cursor at the beginning of the block you wish to move, and mark the block as before. Then move the cursor to the line that you want the block to appear after, and press CTRL-K V (or from the Pulldown Menu select Block and then Move). To delete a block of text: 4. Place the cursor at the beginning of the block you wish to move, and mark the block as before. Then press CTRL-K Y (or from the Pulldown menu select Block and then Delete). The text is not yet gone for good. It's in the Undo Stack. If you delete a block of text by mistake, you can bring it back again by pressing Alt Y once for each line that you deleted. They will appear where the cursor is situated. This only works until you empty the Undo Stack, since it only holds the last 20 lines that you deleted. (Unless you changed this using the Options part of the Pull Down Menu). Lesson 12: Finding and Replacing ================================ Another tool you'll find valuable is finding and replacing text. This feature lets you search for a piece of text and, if you want, replace it with other text. Before you can search, you have to tell Word Fugue what to search for. If you plan to replace it, you have to tell Word Fugue that too. To search for "and" in the text: 1. First, you must tell Word Fugue that you wish to search for text. You can do this in any of 3 ways. (i) Press function key F5 or (ii) Activate the pull down menu. Press S for Search, followed by F for Find or (iii) Press CTRL Q F (this is a WordStar command) A box will appear on the screen with the word "Search For" Type in the letters and and press return. The prompt will change to "Options (UBGWL)" The options available are: U Upper case - treat the string to search for and the file as if they are all in upper case. Thus and will match and AND anD AnD aNd . If you do not enter this option then the case of the letters will be important. This means that and will only match and B Backward - This tells Word Fugue to search backwards from the cursor position. If you do not specify this, then Word Fugue will search forward. W Word only - This tells Word Fugue to search for whole words only, and not to match bits of words Thus and will match and only. If you do not specify this, and will match with and band sand andalusium and so on. L Local to the marked block. If this is not specified, the search will start with the cursor and continue through the entire file until the text is found. G Global - Start at the begining of the file or the end of the file, instead of the cursor position. If you also specified B, then the search will start at the end of the file, and work backwards, otherwise it will start at the beginning and work forward. n This is a decimal number. Word fugue will look for the nth occurrence of the search string. Press enter when you have entered the options, and Word Fugue will search for the letters and. The cursor stops on the first occurrence of "and". Press CTRL L to find the next occurrence. Keep pressing CTRL L. When Word Fugue stops finding "and", the Top Line says: Not found - Press ESC To search and replace: 1. First, you must tell Word Fugue that you wish to replace text. You can do this in any of 3 ways. (i) Press function key F6 or (ii) Activate the pull down menu. Press S for Search, followed by R for Replace or (iii) Press CTRL Q A (this is a WordStar command) A box will appear on the screen with the word "Search for" Type in the letters and and press return. Word Fugue will prompt with "Replace" Type the letters plus to search for "and" and replace with "plus". Word Fugue will then prompt you with "Options (UGWBLN)" The options available are the same as for FIND above, with the following additions: G Global search - go to the top of the file, and search for all occurrences, and replace them. You do not need to press CTRL L for the next occurrence. If you also specified the B option, then Word Fugue will go to the end of the file and search backwards. It will continue searching until it gets to the other end of the file. n This is a decimal number. Word Fugue will only search for n occurrences, and will stop when it has encountered the nth occurrence. N Do not ask. The default when replacing is to ask you "Replace Y/N/A/Q", to which you enter y for replace this occurrence, and n for not this occurrence. If you specify N option, then Word Fugue will not ask you, but will replace every occurrence. Q indicates quit replace, while A indicates replace all further occurrences without asking. Press enter when you have typed in any options. (you do not need to type in options). The cursor jumps to the first occurrence of "and" and replaces it with "plus". Lesson 13: Help Screens and Menus ================================= Now you know the basics of editing text with Word Fugue. If you forget a command and need some help, you can use the Help screens. You must have the help file available when you load Word Fugue, otherwise it will not display any help. The help file must be either in the directory from which you started Word Fugue, the Default directory, or any of the directories displayed in your path statement. If Word fugue could not locate the help file, you will be told "No help available" 1. Press F1 for help. The Pop Up help menu appears This menu contains a list of Help topics. These Help screens are not designed to teach you how to use Word Fugue. Instead, they will help you remember which key does what. Each of these Help screens covers a specific topic. To access the other Help topics, press one of Page Up or Page Down. 2. Press the Page Up and Page Down keys and look at the different topics 3. Press Esc to return to the editing screen. You can also obtain help about particular commands, by activating the pull down menu, highlighting a command and then pressing F1. You will see some help screens that relate only to the command highlighted. If you are on an item that is actually a sub menu, you will be told to select a lower level to obtain help. Lesson 14: Printing =================== Printing is probably the most satisfying part of word processing. Here's where you get to see all of your hard work pay off. You can print a file while you're editing another. To use the print program while you're editing a file: 1. Press Shift F1 then F followed by P. (or CTRL K P) A pop up menu appears. Do not press <Enter> on the first menu selection, Print file now, until the other items in the box have been set to your satisfaction. Selecting the first item starts the print job. After you select the second menu item, Name of file, a prompt box will request entry of the name of the file to print. When prompted for a file name, you may enter DOS wildcards or the name of another drive or subdirectory. In this case, another window will display the names of all matching files. You can select from this list by using the cursor keypad, or by pressing the first letter of the filename in which you are interested. If you wish to print a file that is currently loaded in memory, be sure to save any recent changes to disk before trying to print it. If you attempt to print a file that has unsaved changes, WordFugue will produce an error message. Set Auto formatting OFF if you wish to have WordFugue ignore formatting commands (. commands) in your text. In this case, text will print continuously with no form feeds or page breaks. Control codes embedded in the text will be written to the output without interpretation. By default, WordFugue prints all pages of the document. You can set starting and stopping pages if desired. Select from any of the available printer definition files (default extension .PDF) to find one that is appropriate for your printer. You can change to another file and use Options Save setup to regularly use that file. You can also choose between sending the printed output to LPT1, LPT2, LPT3 or to a file. LPT1 etc refer to the computer port where your printer is attached. If the printer is attached to a serial port, you must use the DOS MODE command in order to assign the serial port to one of the print devices LPT1, LPT2 or LPT3. Your choice will be saved with WordFugue when you Save Setup. When output is printed to a file, all control codes are written out just as when they are printed. In this case, you must also specify the name of the output file using the prompt window. If you wish to remove the print codes and produce plain ASCII text, you can select the BLANK.PDF, which strips out the control codes. Set Manual paper feed ON if you wish to have WordFugue prompt you to insert a new sheet of paper after each page. This choice is also stored as part of the printer definition file for your selected printer. Set Use formfeeds ON if your printer accepts ASCII character #12 to eject each page. Otherwise, WordFugue will fill out the end of each page with blank lines. After making all selections, move the menu bar to the Print file now item and press <Enter>. If you decide not to print, just press <Esc>. Printing occurs as a background task. You can continue editing with minimal loss of performance while the print job continues. To stop a print job at any time, execute the Print File command sequence. WordFugue will confirm whether you want to stop the print job. You can edit and store printer definitions from within WordFugue, using the File Print menu. Select a printer definition file (default extension .PDF) using the Which printer menu item. WordFugue will load this printer file into memory. NOTE - you can only print a file that you have saved to disk. If you are editing a file, press Shift F10 (or CTRL K S) to save it first so that you can continue editing while printing. Any changes you make after saving will not be printed unless you again save the file and reprint it. Print formatting ================ There are 2 types of print formatting commands - font selection commands and Dot commands Font Selection ============== Font command are special control commands in the text. The first command turns on a font selection, and the next occurrence of the same command turns it off. For example, if a Ctrl B character is found in the text, it will turn on bolding. The next occurrence of Ctrl B will turn bolding off. The appropriate printer control strings are stored in the *.PDF files. You can enter a Cntl B character into the text in 2 ways: 1. Press Alt B, which will insert the character Ctrl B. 2. Press Ctrl P followed by Ctrl B. The control P command tells word fugue to accept the following character and place it in the text, even though it would normally be interpretted as a command The following are the default font commands, and the alternate methods of entering them: Font command Meaning You can type ^B On & Off - usually bold Alt B or Ctrl P B ^D On & Off - usually double strike Alt D or Ctrl P D ^S On & Off - usually underline Alt U or Ctrl P S ^T On & Off - usually superscript Alt T or Ctrl P T ^V On & Off - usually subscript Alt V or Ctrl P V ^A On & Off - usually compressed Alt C or Ctrl P A ^Y On & Off - usually italics Alt I or Ctrl P Y You will find others listed in the user guide. Fonts can be displayed on the screen, if you select to have font display on. This is on the pull down menu, under Options, then Display options. You can also type Ctrl O D to achieve the same effect. A text screen cannot actually display the different fonts as they would appear on the printed page, instead it displays them in different colors (if you have a color monitor). If you select Colors from the options menu, you will see what colors are used for which fonts. Dot Commands ============ These commands appear in column one of your text, and determine how the text prints. They are covered more fully in your user guide, but some of the more common ones are considered here. Headers and Footers =================== Headers are lines that print at the top of each page, while footers are lines that print at the bottom of each page. The first header is prefixed by .HE or .H1 the dot must appear in column one to be effective. The 2nd heading is prefixed by .H2, while the third is prefixed by .H3 The first footer is prefixed by .FO or .F1 the dot must appear in column one to be effective. The 2nd footing is prefixed by .F2, while the third is prefixed by .F3 Some special characters appearing in the heading or footing represent special values. # means print the current page number @D0 means print the current date: MMM DD, YYYY @D1 means print the current date: DD/MM/YY @D2 means print the current date: DD/MM/YYYY @D3 means print the current date: MM/DD/YY @D4 means print the current date: MM/DD/YYYY @D5 means print the current date: YYYY/MM/DD @D6 means print the current date: DD MMM YYYY @D7 means print the current date: dayname, DD MMM YYYY @D8 means print the current date: DD month YYYY @T0 print the current time: HH:MM @T1 print the current time: HH:MM:SS @T2 print the current time: HH:MM XX where XX = AM or PM @T3 print the current time: HH:MM:SS XX where XX = AM or PM Page Breaks =========== .PA means start a new page at this line .CP n means start a new page if less than n lines remain on the current page. This is very useful if you want to ensure that a paragraph always prints together, rather than the first line at the bottom of one page, and the other lines at the top of the next page. .PN n means set the page number to n. This is good for printing chapters, where each chapter is a separate document, but they must have special page numbers .PL n means that the length of the page is n lines. This is very useful if you have A4 stationary, which can fit 70 lines instead of the US standard 66 lines .FI filename means include a file called "filename" at this point. This is very useful if you have a large document. You can break it up into chapters, and have a file that includes each chapter by the .FI command. When you print the file, each included files will print one after the other. The filename must include the drive and directory of the file if it cannot be found in the current (default) directory. If Word Fugue cannot find the file, you will be given an error message displaying the missing file name. You can even place .FI commands inside included files, up to 5 levels deep If you have a look at the manual.??? files that come with the distribution disks, they contain examples of almost all print formatting features. The top level file MANUAL.DOC includes the other files at print time. Have a look at these files, and try printing them. You should also experiment with printing small documents yourself, and using different commands. Lesson 15: Windows ================== When you edit a file, you can only look at a bit of it at a time (unless it is small enough). That bit is known as a window on the file. The window can be moved around by means of various commands, including the Page Up and Page down keys. For many word processing tasks, one window is enough, but not always. You may want to look at a previous letter you wrote, or at different chapters in a document to ensure that the wording is consistent. This is especially true if you are programming. Word Fugue gives you the ability to have up to 8 windows open at once. You can have them all on the screen, or zoom one to the foreground and drop all the others off the screen. Each window can look at a different file, or at any file in any other window. Any changes you make in one window will be reflected in all other windows that are looking at the same file. 1 Open a Second Window Press Shift F1 followed by W for Window and O for Open. You can also achieve this with the sequence CTRL O A (^O A) or Shift F3. You will be prompted for a file name Type in a file name, or press Ctrl X for no file. (more on no file later). If you type in the name of a file that you are currently editing, then the new window will look at that file as well. You can in this case be looking at different parts of the same file. 2 Close a Window Press Shift F1 followed by W and C. You can also achieve this by typing the sequence Shift F4. If you have a file that you have made changes to, then Word Fugue will automatically save the file. 3 Switching Windows Press F2 or Shift F1 followed by W and N (or CTRL O N ). If you have more than one window active, you will be transfered to the next one on the list. Each time you enter the command you will go to the next window that you have open, until you come back to where you started. Open another window and try it now. You can also cycle in reverse by pressing Shift F2 or Ctrl O P to go to the previous window. Open another window and try it now. 4 Zoom Window Pressing Shift F5 will make one window fill up the entire screen, and drop the others from view. Pressing Shift F5 again will restore the other windows to the screen. With one window zoomed, you can still switch between windows. When a window is zoomed, the status line will show >Z< in the left hand corner. 5 Resize Window If you have more than one window open, you can make the current window bigger or smaller. The minimum window size is 2 lines. To resize the window, press Shift F6 or Ctrl O S. You will be prompted to use the up and down arrow keys to move the window divider, and to press Enter when you are finished resizing the window. Make sure that you have more than one window open, and try it now. 6 Import Text From Other Window You must have both windows open, and editing files. (They may be the same file). Mark a block of text in one window that you wish to copy (or Import) into the other window. (^KB and ^KK). Then goto the other window ( F2). Position the cursor at the position you want the text to come after. Press ^K C (CTRL K C) or F1 followed by B and then I. The marked text will be copied from its window into the current window, directly after the cursor. .pa Tutorial Summary Well, you've come a long way in your Word Fugue odyssey. Let's sum up the commands you've learned. Lesson 1: Making a Working disk Make a working Word Fugue disk. A>COPY WF.* B: <Enter> Configure Word Fugue for your screen A>WF /G for MSDos shift F1 O S to save settings Lesson 2: Creating a File See a directory of a disk. A>DIR B: <Enter> Edit a new file. A>WF filename <Enter> Lesson 3: Entering Text Enter text one line at a time. <Enter> at end of line Wordwrap on ^O W Paragraph reformatting ^B Auto reformatting Alt P Wordwrap off ^O W Repeat a character. Hold down the key Lesson 4: Saving and Exiting Save the file then return to editing. ^K S Save the file and edit new file. F3 or ^K D Save the file and exit the program. F10 or ^K X exit the file without saving ^K Q Lesson 5: Editing an Existing File Get back into an existing file. A>WF filename <Enter> Lesson 6: Moving Around the Screen Move around by one line or column. Up/Down/Lt/Rt Arrow keys Move to the left margin. Home key Move to the end of a line. End key Jump up or down by one screen. PgDn or PgUp Lesson 7: More About Entering Text Toggle Insert and Overwrite modes. INS key Lesson 8: Changing Text Delete character left of the cursor. Bksp key Delete character at the cursor. Del key Lesson 9: More Ways to Change Text Delete from cursor to end of a line. Ctl Bksp Delete the word at the cursor. Ctl T Delete the word to left of the cursor. Alt 1 Undelete text Alt Y Lesson 10: Changing Margins Reformat a paragraph manually. ^B Bring up Ruler line, change margins. ^O L or ^O R Lesson 11: Copy, Move, Delete Copy a block of text. ^KB at block start, then ^KK at block end, then ^KC at new location Move a block of text. Same as copy but use ^KV for move Delete a block of text. Same as copy but ^KY once marked Undelete block of text. Alt Y once for each line Lesson 12: Finding and Replacing Set find and replace text. F5 or F6 Search for one occurrence. Search for and replace one occurrence. Search for/replace all occurrences. option G Lesson 13: Help Screens and Menus See the Help screen. F1 See Main Menu. Shift F1 help for commands press F1 once menu displayed Lesson 14: Printing Print while editing. ^K P Printer Customization Setup *.PDF Lesson 15: Windows Open a Window ^O A or Shift F3 Close a Window Shift F4 Zoom a window ^O Z Goto other window ^O N or ^O P Import Marked Text from another window ^K C You now have all the basic skills necessary to use Word Fugue. To become more proficient, use the program. Please also read the printed User Guide, and investigate the sample document files that come with the program. Above all, experiment. That is the best way to become proficient with the program.