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- __________________________________________
- | |
- | Section 4: ALIGNMENT AND JUSTIFICATION |
- |__________________________________________|
-
-
- CONTENTS
-
- 4.1 Line Breaks
- 4.2 Justification
- 4.3 Justifying Fill
-
-
- 4.1 LINE BREAKS
-
- When processing text, the Publisher automatically inserts line breaks,
- where required, to fit the text within the column width specified by the
- user. The following tags may be used to insert a "hard" line break,
- that is, an instruction to end the current line and begin a new one,
- even if the column width has not been reached.
-
- <QD> Quad: Ends line, and justifies it using currently prescribed "rag
- setting" (justification scheme)
-
- <QC> Quad Centre: Ends line, and centre-justifies it
-
- <QJ> Quad Justify: Ends line, and justifies it left and right
-
- <QL> Quad Left: Ends line, and left-justifies it
-
- <QR> Quad Right: Ends line, and right-justifies it
-
- <Z> Zero Film Advance (at next line break, starts new line on same
- baseline as current line, i.e. overprints current line)
-
- <QZ> Quad Zero: Short form for the tag sequence <Z><QL>
-
- 4.2 JUSTIFICATION
-
- "Justification" refers to the horizontal positioning of the lines
- within the column. In general, a full line of text with standard
- letter spacing and word spacing, will be somewhat shorter than the
- prescribed column width, and may be horizontally positioned in several
- ways, known as forms of justification, which may be selected using the
- following tags.
-
- <RR> Rag Right: Left justification only (right margin is ragged)
-
- <XR> Cancel Rag: Left and Right justification, also called "full
- justification" (neither margin is ragged)
-
- <RL> Rag Left: Right justification only (left margin is ragged)
-
- <RC> Rag Centre: Centre justification (lines are centred without length
- adjustment, both left and right margins are ragged)
-
- "Aesthetic Rag" is a sophisticated form of left and right justification,
- in which the text is left-justified, but limits are imposed on the
- degree to which lines can be extended to make them reach the right-hand
- edge of the column, so that the word and letter spacing appears more
- natural. The right-hand margin of aesthetic rag text is not perfectly
- straight, but is smoother than that of ragged right text. Aesthetic Rag
- only applies to lines which would otherwise be fully justified (that is,
- both left and right justified.)
-
- <aesthetic_rag= > 1: Enable Aesthetic Rag 0: Disable Aesthetic Rag
-
- <aesthetic_zone=f> set the "aesthetic zone" parameter = f, where f is a
- number between 0 and 1, such as 0.75.
-
- This parameter controls the effect of aesthetic rag. The smaller f is,
- the more ragged the right margin will be. f=0 is like ordinary rag
- right; f=1 is like ordinary full justification.
-
- 4.3 JUSTIFYING FILL
-
- It is sometimes desirable (particularly in tabular presentations and the
- like) to extend a line to full column width by inserting fill characters
- at suitable locations, instead of adding or extending blank spaces, as
- in normal full justification. The publisher will perform justifying fill
- automatically, using the fill character and width (spacing) specified by
- the tag
- <leader char=n width=w> where n iis the ASCII code or pi number of the
- desired fill character), and w is the space between fill
- characters in em-widths.
-
- EXAMPLE: <leader char=45 width=0.75> specifies the fill character as a
- hyphen `-', on .75 of an em-space.
-
- If no character or width is specified, the Publisher will use a period
- `.' on an en-width. This combination is commonly called an en-leader.
-
- Justifying Fill is invoked by inserting the tag <JF> at one or more
- locations in the line. The extra space (distance) required to fully
- justify the line will be divided equally among the occurances of <JF>,
- and will be represented in the printed text by a row of the designated
- fill character, spaced as specified.
-
- EXAMPLE: the line
-
- This is<JF>a demonstration<JF>of justifying fill.<QJ>
-
- will appear in print as
-
- This is...............a demonstration...............of justifying fill.
-