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4DOS Version 3.01 Quick Information File, 5/22/90
Copyright 1989, 1990, J.P. Software. All Rights Reserved. Published
by J.P. Software, PO Box 1470, E. Arlington, MA 02174 USA, (617)
646-3975.
This file, 4DOS.INF, is designed to help you understand a little about
4DOS, what it is and what it does, so that you can decide whether you'd
like to download it. The information in this file is extracted
directly from the full 4DOS manual. We have also included a listing of
the significant changes in version 3 on the last two pages.
You can print this file by COPYing it to your printer with the following
command:
copy 4dos.inf prn
The file already contains form feeds and page footers, so attempting to
print it with a program that formats the pages may not work. Page
length has been set to 58 lines so the file should print properly on
laser printers.
Of course you can also view this file in your editor or with a file
viewer.
4DOS 3.01 [5-22-90] 4DOS.INF page 1
Introduction
Welcome, and thanks for considering 4DOS!
4DOS is designed to help you get the most out of your IBM PC or
compatible system. It replaces COMMAND.COM, the command
interpreter that comes with all versions of MS-DOS and PC-DOS.
You'll find 4DOS provides a wide variety of capabilities
COMMAND.COM can't, ranging from a vastly enhanced DIR command, to
point-and-shoot file selection for any command, to the ability to
completely redefine your system's commands. Yet 4DOS is fully
compatible with COMMAND.COM.
4DOS is a "DOS shell" (a program that gives you access to DOS
functions and commands), but it's unlike most DOS shells on the
market. Virtually all of these shells are designed to isolate
the novice user from the DOS command line. 4DOS, on the other
hand, is intended to make DOS easier to use and to make you more
productive while working at the command line. It provides
enhancements to most of the DOS commands, as well as more than 40
new commands. These improvements make 4DOS a much richer and
more powerful working environment than COMMAND.COM, without
sacrificing the compatibility, flexibility and control you get
from working at the command line. If you're tired of the
limitations of COMMAND.COM, you'll love 4DOS!
4DOS is distributed as shareware, which means if you've downloaded
it from a bulletin board or obtained it from a friend, you can try it
before you decide whether you'd like to keep it. Like all shareware,
if you do decide to keep 4DOS, you must pay a registration fee.
4DOS is also distributed through normal retail channels. If you
purchased a retail copy of 4DOS, it includes a shareware disk
which you can share with your friends and associates.
Technical Excellence
We are pleased to announce that 4DOS was a 1989 finalist for one of
the PC software industry's most important awards, a PC Magazine Award
for Technical Excellence. There were four nominees, and we are proud
that 4DOS was among them. Try it -- we think you'll see why PC Maga-
zine's technical staff was so impressed!
Downloading 4DOS
If you'd like to download 4DOS from the bulletin board or on-line
service where you found this file, be sure to download both
4DOS3P.ZIP, the 4DOS program and related files, and 4DOS3D.ZIP, the
complete 4DOS manual. To use these files once you've downloaded
them you'll need a decompression program such as PKUNZIP; such
programs should be available from the same place where you found
this file. On bulletin board systems these two files may be
combined into one file, usually called 4DOS30.ZIP.
4DOS 3.01 [5-22-90] 4DOS.INF page 2
Shareware Information
4DOS is a copyrighted program protected by both U.S. and
international copyright law. If you obtained 4DOS from a
shareware disk vendor, an on-line computer service or bulletin
board, a friend or colleague, or another similar source, you have
an unregistered (trial) copy. You are authorized to use this
copy without charge for a limited period of time under the terms
of the 4DOS license agreement. After this time is up, you must
register and pay for 4DOS to continue using it.
This method of distribution is known as shareware. It allows you
to determine whether 4DOS meets your needs before you pay for it.
The registration fee for a single copy of 4DOS is $50. Payment
of this fee entitles you to:
* A disk with the latest version of 4DOS, registered to you.
* One copy of the printed and bound 4DOS manual.
* A free upgrade to the next version of 4DOS. Future
upgrades will be available for downloading from a wide
variety of sources; if you do not have a modem there will be
a minimal processing charge ($7 or less, including shipping)
to obtain an upgrade on diskette.
* Technical support via electronic mail or telephone.
* A subscription to the 4DOS newsletter.
If you prefer, you may register for $35 and receive only the disk
and notices of future upgrades. Site and network licenses are also
available; contact J.P. Software for more information.
Association of Shareware Professionals
The authors and publisher of 4DOS are members of the Association
of Shareware Professionals (ASP), a group which sets standards for
shareware and shareware authors. More information on the ASP and
its standards is included in the 4DOS manual.
Upgrade Information for Registered Users
If you purchased 4DOS version 2.1 or later at the $50 rate, or a
site license for version 2.1 or later, you are entitled to a free
upgrade to version 3.01. To get your free upgrade, just download a
shareware copy of 4DOS version 3.01 and follow the instructions in
README.DOC. If you are not entitled to a free upgrade; you wish to
order a new printed manual; or you prefer to obtain your free
upgrade on diskette, please use the order form in the file
ORDER.FRM included with 4DOS, or write to J.P. Software (no
telephone orders for free upgrades please!).
4DOS 3.01 [5-22-90] 4DOS.INF page 3
4DOS Features
4DOS is a complete replacement for COMMAND.COM, the command
processor provided with MS-DOS or PC-DOS. (References in this
document to MS-DOS also apply to PC-DOS.) 4DOS is compatible with
MS-DOS versions 2.0 to 4, and the OS/2 DOS compatibility box, and
adds many enhancements to your MS-DOS prompt, including:
Minimal Memory Usage
4DOS requires less than 3K of your precious RAM for its
resident portion (less than 1K with XMS swapping!), and can
use EMS, XMS, or disk for swapping its transient portion.
Fast Batch Files
4DOS 3 adds a new batch file extension (.BTM, "batch to
memory") that is compatible with 99% of your existing batch
files, but runs several times faster.
Executable Extensions
In addition to the normal executable file extensions (.COM,
.EXE, .BAT, and .BTM), 4DOS allows you to define additional
extensions and the programs they should invoke. For
example, entering a document name could automatically invoke
your word processor.
On-line Help
4DOS provides help for all of its internal commands, as well
as the MS-DOS external commands. You can get help by
pressing the F1 key at the command prompt. The 4DOS help
facility is extensible, so you can add help for your own
programs. (Modifications to the help facility require the
4DOS utility disk, which contains the source text and help
file compiler.)
Command Line Editing
4DOS provides command line editing, including insert and
delete, and full cursor key support. 4DOS also offers
interactive expansion of wildcard filenames on the command
line.
4DOS 3.01 [5-22-90] 4DOS.INF page 4
Command History
4DOS lets you view, search, modify, and reexecute your
previous commands. The commands are saved in memory, and
can be recalled with the cursor keys. The command history
list size is user-defined, from 512 to 8192 characters.
Flexible File Wildcards
4DOS offers more flexible wildcards than COMMAND.COM. For
example, you can display all the files that have a "2"
anywhere in their filename by entering:
dir *2*.*
File Descriptions
4DOS allows you to provide descriptions (up to 40
characters) for each of your files and directories. The
descriptions are displayed with the filenames when you use
the DIR or SELECT commands. The description goes with a
file when you COPY, ERASE, MOVE, or RENAME it.
Multiple Commands on a Single Line
You can enter several commands on a line by separating them
with a ^ (caret), or other user-defined character.
Expanded and Editable Environment
4DOS provides a user-defined environment size from 512 to
32000 characters. You can interactively edit environment
entries with the ESET command.
Environment Variables
Environment variables allow you to associate a string of
characters with a variable name, substituting that string
when the name is used. 4DOS provides a number of predefined
variables, including system date and time, current
directory, and default disk, and "variable functions," for
returning substrings, the parts of a filename (path, name,
extension), etc.
4DOS 3.01 [5-22-90] 4DOS.INF page 5
Aliases
Aliases allow you to rename or reconfigure commands (for
example, to pass default parameters to a command, or to give
MS-DOS the look and feel of a different operating system),
or to define a new command as a combination of several other
commands. Aliases support batch file-like arguments (%1,
%2, etc.) and environment variables, so when combined with
the multiple commands feature, they act as very fast batch
files.
Expanded Command Line
4DOS expands the MS-DOS command input line from 127 to 255
characters for internal commands. (Because MS-DOS truncates
the command line for external commands to 127 characters,
4DOS makes the full command line available to your programs
through the CMDLINE environment variable.)
Conditional Commands
4DOS includes two new command line operators: || (OR) and &&
(AND). They allow you to control the execution of
subsequent commands based on the result of the previous
command.
Additional Redirection Options
In addition to redirection of standard input and standard
output, 4DOS supports redirection of standard error, and the
option to prevent overwriting existing files. 4DOS also
provides TEE and Y "pipe fittings."
EGA/VGA Support
4DOS supports Monochrome, CGA, EGA and VGA displays with any
number of lines and columns per screen.
Networks
4DOS supports MS-DOS compatible networks, including 3Com 3+
and Novell Netware.
4DOS 3.01 [5-22-90] 4DOS.INF page 6
New and Enhanced Commands
4DOS provides many new internal commands, and new options for
existing commands. Most 4DOS commands can take multiple
arguments. For example, you can delete several files with a
single DEL command:
del *.bak test.wks oldfile.txt
You can also copy several files with a single COPY command (the
target directory here is a:\):
copy *.wks memo.doc *.c a:\
The following list is intended to give you a sampling of some of
the new and enhanced commands. See the Command Reference Guide
for full details.
ALIAS / UNALIAS
Define aliases for commonly used commands, allowing you to
execute a complex series of commands with a few keystrokes.
ATTRIB
Display or change the file attributes (read-only, hidden,
system, and archive) for the specified files and/or
directories.
CDD
Change the default drive and directory.
COLOR
Set the screen foreground and background colors.
COPY
COPY includes new switches for copying only updated files
(where the source is newer than the target), and to prompt
for confirmation before overwriting existing files.
DESCRIBE
Add 40-character descriptions to filenames. The
descriptions are displayed when using DIR and SELECT.
4DOS 3.01 [5-22-90] 4DOS.INF page 7
DIR
Display the disk directory with a wide variety of options,
including 1, 2, 4, or 5 column display; sorted by name,
extension, description, size, or date/time; display
subdirectories; display file attributes; and display
subtotals only.
ESET
Interactively edit environment variables and aliases.
EXCEPT
Execute a command except on the specified file(s).
FREE
Display the total and free disk space for the specified
drive(s).
GLOBAL
Execute a command in the current directory and all of its
subdirectories.
HELP
Display a pop-up help window for 4DOS internal commands and
MS-DOS external commands.
HISTORY
Display, clear or load the command history list.
LIST
Display a file on the screen. LIST provides forward and
backward paging, vertical and horizontal scrolling, text
search, and printing.
LOG
Keep a disk log of each command executed, with the date and
time.
MEMORY
Display the amount of total and available DOS, expanded,
XMS, and extended memory, and environment space.
4DOS 3.01 [5-22-90] 4DOS.INF page 8
MOVE
Move files between directories and/or drives, and optionally
prompt before overwriting existing files.
PUSHD / POPD / DIRS
Use a "directory stack" to change directories, perform some
work, and then return to the original directory.
RENAME
In addition to renaming files, 4DOS also allows you to
rename files to another directory, and to rename
directories.
SELECT
Perform a command on selected files (using point-and-shoot
selection).
SETDOS
Configure the 4DOS internal parameters, including the
default line editing mode (insert or overstrike), the
default batch echo mode, the compound command character, the
escape character, screen size, and cursor shape.
TIMER
A system stopwatch for timing events, including split times.
4DOS 3.01 [5-22-90] 4DOS.INF page 9
Enhanced Batch Processor
The batch processor in 4DOS is compatible with batch files
written for COMMAND.COM, and includes several new and enhanced
commands to make batch file programming easier and more powerful,
including:
BEEP
Beep the speaker at the specified frequency and for the
specified duration.
CALL
Execute nested batch files without loading a secondary
copy of the command processor.
CANCEL
Terminate nested batch file processing.
DELAY
Wait for the specified period of time before continuing
batch processing.
DRAWBOX / DRAWHLINE / DRAWVLINE
Draw boxes, horizontal, and vertical lines in single or
double widths, in your choice of colors. These commands
automatically make connectors when crossing other lines.
GOSUB / RETURN
Call subroutines within a batch file.
IF
Many new comparison tests, (including less than, greater
than, etc), and tests for memory, disk, and display type.
IFF / THEN / ELSEIFF / ELSE / ENDIFF
Allows nested IF / THEN / ELSE tests in batch files and
aliases, and supports all of the new IF tests (see above).
INPUT / INKEY
Input variables from the keyboard while in a batch
file, with an optional timeout period.
KEYSTACK
Send keystrokes to a program, as if entered from the
keyboard.
QUIT
Exit the current batch file.
SCREEN
Position the cursor and (optionally) display text.
4DOS 3.01 [5-22-90] 4DOS.INF page 10
SCRPUT
Position the cursor and display text in the specified
colors.
SETLOCAL / ENDLOCAL
Define a local environment within a batch file, saving the
original environment, disk, and directory, and restoring
them when finished.
SHIFT
Optionally specify how many positions to shift,
including reverse SHIFTs.
TEXT / ENDTEXT
Display a block of text.
4DOS 3.01 [5-22-90] 4DOS.INF page 11
Changes in Version 3.0
----------------------
This section gives an overview ofd the changes in 4DOS version 3.0.
The full list of changes is much too long to include here, and can
be found in the UPDATE30.DOC file included with 4DOS. Items marked
"3.01" are new in version 3.01.
Installation and Memory Usage:
* The loader (4DOS.COM) has been completely rewritten, and now
requires under 3K of low memory (less than COMMAND.COM!).
* 4DOS now supports swapping to XMS extended memory.
* The resident portion of 4DOS and the master environment can
now be loaded high if your hardware and software support XMS
Upper Memory Blocks (UMBs). If both options are used 4DOS's
low-memory footprint can be reduced to as little as 256 bytes!
* Aliases are no longer stored in the environment. This
eliminates compatibility problems with programs that can't
handle large environments.
Features and Usage:
* A new extension to support "in memory batch files" has been
added (.BTM = "batch to memory"). .BTM files are loaded
into memory and then executed without requiring further disk
I/O. They are up to 5x faster than 4DOS .BAT files, and may
show an even greater improvement over COMMAND.COM .BAT files.
* The command line parser has been completely rewritten. The
new parser provides additional flexibility for long commands;
allows environment variable and alias changes to affect later
commands on the same line; and allows the use of aliases
inside the EXCEPT, FOR, GLOBAL, IF, and SELECT commands.
* I/O redirection is now fully nestable. This allows you to
(for example) redirect all output from a batch file file or
alias with a single redirection specification.
* Many new internal environment variables have been added. The
additions include:
%? Exit code of last external program
%_bg, %_fg Current screen colors
%_cpu CPU type
%_cwp, %_cwps Like %_cwd and %_cwds but without the drive
%_shell Current shell nesting level
3.01 %_dow Day of the week
3.01 %_rows Screen rows
3.01 %_columns Screen columns
4DOS 3.01 [5-22-90] 4DOS.INF page 12
* A new internal "function variable" type has been added.
These functions allow you to parse strings. The functions
are:
%@ext[filename] Get extension part of filename
%@full[filename] Get full file name
%@len[string] Get the length of a string
%@line[filename,n] Get line n from a file
%@name[filename] Get name part of filename
%@path[filename] Get path part of filename
%@search[filename] Search the path
%@substr[string,start,len] Extract a substring
3.01 %@eval[expression] Evaluate an arithmetic
expression
* The new syntax %[varname] will accept any sequence of
characters as a valid environment variable name for
expansion.
* The %# variable has been added to batch files. It returns
the number of command line arguments (%1 - %n).
* SHARE / LAN support has been added for all file I/O.
* 4DOS now fully supports the DOS 4.0 DOSSHELL command.
Commands:
ALIAS: Lines beginning with a colon (":") are now ignored in
ALIAS /R files; this allows you to add comments to the files.
--> ATTRIB: No longer changes subdirectory attributes unless the new
/D(irectory) switch is used.
CD and CDD: Added support for Netware-like args "..." to change
to the directory two levels up, "...." to go three levels up, etc.
CLS: Now allows color specification if ANSI.SYS is installed.
e.g. CLS BRIGHT WHITE ON BLUE.
COLOR: This is a new command to set the screen colors.
COPY: Added switches to turn off the display of files copied;
prompt before overwriting an existing file; and copy the file
only if the target doesn't exist or is older than the source.
DEL: Added switches to turn off the display of files deleted,
and to skip the "Are you sure" prompt.
DELAY: This is a new command to wait a specified number of
seconds.
4DOS 3.01 [5-22-90] 4DOS.INF page 13
DIR: Added a new switch for 4-column display; vertical sort
now gives newspaper-style ("snaking") columns in paged mode;
support for "include lists" to view several file specs in the
same list.
DRAWBOX, DRAWHLINE, DRAWVLINE: These new commands draw boxes
and lines on the display. Color control is included, and
connectors are generated automatically when two lines intersect.
HISTORY: The history can now be read in from a file.
IF: There are new IF conditions which allow you to test for
file attributes (including volume label), monitor and video
card types, free memory (DOS, EMS, XMS, extended), free disk
space, file size, and existence of an alias.
IFF: This is probably the single most powerful new feature
of version 3.0. It is a block-structured command allowing
IFF / THEN / ELSE / ELSEIFF structures in batch files and
aliases. See the manual for further details.
INKEY and INPUT: A new switch has been added to wait a
specified time for a reply.
LIST: Added new switches to get input from standard input
instead of a file, and to wrap all lines at the right side of
the screen for viewing non-text files; new keys to shift left
or right 40 columns at a time; increased EGA / VGA speed.
3.01 LOADBTM: A new command which switches any .BAT or .BTM file
into or out of high-speed .BTM mode (see above).
LOG: A new command which allows you to log all commands
entered at the prompt to a log file, with date and time stamps.
MEMORY: The display includes several new items: total and free
XMS memory; whether the High Memory Area is free; total and free
alias space, and history list size.
MOVE: Added switches to turn off the display of files copied,
and prompt before overwriting an existing file.
PROMPT: $xd: displays the current directory for the specified
drive; $z displays the 4DOS shell nesting level.
PUSHD / POPD: The directory stack now discards the oldest
entries when full and "wraps around"; PUSHD now supports
Netware-like args as in CD and CDD: "..." to change to the
directory two levels up, "...." to go three levels up, etc.
REN: Added a switch to turn off the display of the files
renamed.
4DOS 3.01 [5-22-90] 4DOS.INF page 14
SCRPUT: This new command to writes text directly to the
screen, and includes color control and cursor positioning.
SELECT: Files can now be marked with the spacebar, and
pressing the spacebar or "+" on a marked file will unmark
it; "include lists" supported as in DIR; the command and
command length are displayed on screen.
SET: Added switches to pause after each page of display, and
reads the environment variables from a file.
SETDOS: New switches to force 4DOS to assume ANSI.SYS is
installed; disable and re-enable internal commands; read
input one line at a time for compatibility with some programs;
and to force all filenames to be displayed in upper case.
SHIFT: This command has been modified to prevent execution
except while in a batch file.
SWAPPING: New command which turns swapping on or off.
UNSET: New command to remove environment variables.
4DOS 3.01 [5-22-90] 4DOS.INF page 15