Hall of Fame/HallofFameCDROM.cdr/open/todaylee.lzh/TODAY.MAR

Text File | 1989-02-10 | 21KB | 345 lines

*mmddyyyy Birthdays
*-------- -----------------------------------------------------------
S03011841 Blanche Kelso Bruce, first black to serve a full term in
S0301     the United States Senate was born a slave in Prince Edward
S0301     County, Virginia.



*mmddyyyy Events
*-------- ------------------------------------------------------------
S03011875 Civil Rights Bill enacted by Congress.  Bill gave blacks the
S0301     right to equal treatment in inns, public conveyances, thea
S0301     ters and other places of public amusement.
S03011871 J. Milton Turner named minister to Liberia and became the
S0301     first black diplomat accredited to an African county.  James
S0301     W. Mason was named minister in March, 1870, but never travel
S0301     ed to his post.
S03011949 Joe Louis retired as heavyweight boxing after holding the
S0301     title for a record eleven years and eight months.
S03011960 Through the 30th, One thousand Alabama State students marched
S0301     on state capitol and held protest meeting.
S0301     Alabama State Board of Education expelled nine Alabama State
S0301     students for participating in sit-in demonstrations.
S0301     Pope John elevated Bishop Laurian Rugambwa of Tanganyika to
S0301     College of Cardinals, the first black cardinal in the modern
S0301     era.
S0301     Montgomery, Ala., police broke up protest demonstration on Al
S0301     abama State campus and arrested thirty-five students, a teach
S0301     er and her husband.
S0301     Police used tear gas to break up student protest demonstration
S0301     at Tallahassee, Florida.
S0301     San Antonio, Texas, became first major Southern city to inte
S0301     grate lunch counters.
S0301     Four national chain stores announced on October 17 that count
S0301     ers in about 150 stores in 112 cities in North Carolina, Virg
S0301     inia, West Virginia, Kentucky, Texas, Tennessee, Missouri, Ma
S0301     ryland, Florida and Oklahoma had been integrated.
S0301     Associated Press reported that more than one thousand blacks
S0301     had been arrested in sit-in demonstrations.
S0301     Eighteen students suspended by Southern University.  Southern
S0301     Univerisity students rebelled March 31, boycotted classes and
S0301     requested withdrawal slips.  Rebellion collapsed after death
S0301     of professor from heart attack.
S03011967 U.S. House of Representatives expelled Rep. Adam Clayton Pow
S0301     ell Jr. by a vote of 307 to 116.  Civil rights leaders said
S0301     Powell was ousted because of his race.
S03011971 Defense Department limited electronic surveilance after dis
S0301     closure of "civil disturbance information collection plan"
S0301     which directed the gathering of information on civil rights
S0301     groups.
S03011963 Through the 30th, Emancipation Centennial protest began with
S0301     voter registration campaign in Greenwood, Mississippi.
S0301     Carl T. Rowan named ambassador of Finland.
S0301     Air Force Captain Edward J. Dwight Jr. named to fourth class
S0301     of aerospace research pilots at Edwards Air Base and became
S0301     the first black astronaut candidate.  He was dropped from the
S0301     program in 1965.
S03021961 Through 25th Some 180 blacks students and a white minister
S0302     arrested in Columbia, S.C., after antisegregation march.
S0302     Atlanta Chamber of Commerce announced that black and white
S0302     leaders had agreed on a plan for desegregation of lunchrooms
S0302     and other facilities. Clifton R. Wharton sworn in as ambassa
S0302     dor to Norway.
S0302     Meeting place of National Civil War Centennial Commission sh
S0302     ifted from Charleston to Charleston Naval Station after a nat
S0302     ional controversy cover segregation hotels in Charleston.
S03021807 Congress banned the slave trade, prohibiting "the importation
S0302     of slaves into the United States or the territories thereof"
S0302     after January 1, 1808.
S03021867 first of a succession of Reconstruction acts passed by Cong
S0302     ress.
S0302     The acts divided the former Confederate states into five
S0302     military districts under the command of army generals.
S0302     Elections were ordered for constitutional conventions and
S0302     freedmen were enfranchised.  Commanders in some states chang
S0302     ed the status of blacks by military orders.  In March Maj.
S0302     Gen. E.R.S. Canby opened the jury box to blacks were named
S0302     policemen in Mobile, Alabama.
S0302     Blacks voted in municipal election in Alexandria, Va., for
S0302     perhaps the first time in the South.  The election commisss
S0302     ioners refused to count the fourteen hundred votes and mili
S0302     tary officials suspended local elections pending clarificat
S0302     ion of the status of the freedmen.
S0302     Howard University established.  Also founded or chartered in
S0302     1867 were Talladege College, Morgan State University,
S0302     Johnson C. Smith College, and St. Augustine's College.
S03031820 Missouri Compromise encated.  The measure prohibited slavery
S0303     to the north of southern boundary of Missouri.
S03031865 Congress established Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Aban
S0303     doned Lands (Freedmen's Bureau) to aid white refugees and for
S0303     mer slaves.
S0303     Congress chartered Freedmen's Savings and Trust Bank with bu
S0303     siness confined to blacks.
S03031869 University of South Carolina opened to all races.  Two blacks
S0303     B.A. Boseman and Francis L. Cardozo were elected to seven-man
S0303     board of trustees.
S03041837 Weekly Advocate changed its name to the Colored American, the
S0304     second major black newspaper.  Some forty black newspaper were
S0304     published before the Civil War.
S03041869 Forty-second Congress convened (1871-73) with five black con
S0304     gressmen: Joseph H. Rainey, Robert Carlos Delarge and Robert
S0304     Brown Elliott,South Carolina; Benjamin S. Turner, Alabama; Jo
S0304     siah T. Walls, Florida. Walls was elected in an at-large elect
S0304     ion and was the first back congressman to represent an entire
S0304     state.
S03041889 Fifty-first Congress convened.  Three black congressmen:  Hen
S0304     ry P. Cheatham, North Carolina; Thomas E. Miller, South Carol
S0304     ina; John M. Langston, Virginia.
S03041901 Term of George H. White, last of post-Reconstruction
S0304     congressmen, ended at noon.
S03041922 Death of Bert Williams (46), New York City.
S03041954 President Eisenhower named J. Earnest Wilkins of Chicago
S0304     assistant secretary of labor.
S03041968 Martin Luther King, Jr.  announced plans for Poor People's
S0304     Campaign in Washington.  He said he would lead a massive
S0304     civil disobedience campaign in the
S0304     capital to pressure the government to provide jobs and income
S0304     for all Americans.  He told a press conference that an army of
S0304     poor white, poor blacks and Hispanics would converge on Wash
S0304     ington on April 20 and would demonstrate until their demands
S0304     were met.
S03051770 Crispus Attuks was the first of five persons killed in Boston
S0305     Massacre.  Some historians have called him the first martyr of
S0305     the American Revolution.
S0305     Blanche Kelso Bruce sworn in as a U.S. Senator.  Mississippi
S0305     politician was the fist black to serve a full term in the Se
S0305     nate.
S0305     His term ended on March 3, 1881.
S03051897 American Negro Academy founded.
S03051981 U.S. government granted Atlanta some $1 million to finance
S0305     mental health and social programs in the wake of a mysterio
S0305     us series of abductions and slayings involving at least twen
S0305     ty two black youths.
S03061775 Prince Hall and fourteen other blacks were initiated into
S0306     British Military Lodge No. 441 of the Masons at Fort Indep
S0306     endence, Massachusetts.  Hall was a leather-dresser and cat
S0306     erer. On July 3, 1775, African Lodge No.1 was organized in
S0306     Boston by a group of black Masons.
S03061857 Dred Scott decision by U.S. Supreme Court opened Northern
S0306     territory to slavery and denied citizenship to American bla
S0306     cks.
S03061862 President Lincoln sent message to Congress recommending grad
S0306     ual and compensated emancipation.
S0306     President McKinley assassinated in Buffalo, New York.  He was
S0306     succeeded by Theodore Roosevelt.
S03061957 Ghana became an independent state.
S03061981 Dr. Bernard Harleston, former dean of arts and sciences at
S0306     Tufts University, appointed president of New York's City Co
S0306     llege.
S03071870 Gov. William W. Holden of North Carolina denounced Klan vio
S0307     lence and issued proclaimation declaring Almanance County in
S0307     a state of insurrection.
S03071927 Supreme Court decision (Nixon v. Herndon) struck down Texas
S0307     law which barred blacks from voting in "white primary."
S03071942 First cadets graduated from flying school at Tuskegee.
S03071965 Through the 25th, Alabama state troopers and sheriff's de
S0307     puties dispersed Selma-to-Montgomery civil rights march with
S0307     tear gas and billy clubs, Three white Unitarian ministers,
S0307     including Rev. James J. Reeb, attacked on streets of Selma,
S0307     Alabama.Reeb, who was participating in civil rights demonst
S0307     rations, died later in Birmingham hospital.
S0307     Thousands of marchers, led by Martin Luther King Jr.  compl
S0307     eted first leg of five-day Selma-to-Montgomery march.  Marc
S0307     hers were protected by federalized Alabama National Guards
S0307     men and U.S. Army troops. Selma-to-Montgomery march ended
S0307     with rally of some fifty thousands at Alabama capitol.One
S0307     of the marchers, a white civil rights worker named Viola
S0307     Liuzzo, was shot to death on U.S. Highway after the rally
S0307     by white terrorists. Three Klansmen were convicted of violat
S0307     ing her civil rights and sentenced to ten years in prison.
S0308     Senate refused to seat P.B.S. Pinchback.
S03081977 Henry L. Marsh III elected mayor of Richmond.
S0309     U.S. Supreme Court freed Joseph Cinquez and Amistad rebels,
S0309     ruling that they were free persons.
S03091911 White firemen of the Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Paci
S0309     fic Railroad struck to protest the hiring of black firemen.
S03091966 Andrew F. Brimmer became the first black governor of the Fed
S0309     eral Reserve Board.
S03091931 Through the 25th Walter F. White named NAACP executive secre
S0309     tary. Death of Ida B. Wells-Barnett (78), Chicago.
S03101863 Two infanty regiments, First and Second South Carolina Volun
S0310     teers, captured and occupied Jacksonville, Fla., causing pan
S0310     ic along Southern seaboard.
S03101913 Death of Harriet Tubman, Auburn, New York.
S03101969 James Earl Ray pleaded guilty in a Memphis court to charges
S0310     of Killing Martin Luther King Jr. He was sentenced to ninety
S0310     -nine years in prison. The House Select Committee on Assassi
S0310     nations said later that Ray fired the shot that killed King
S0310     but that he was probably one element in a larger conspiracy.
S03101972 through the 12th Three thousand delegates and five thousand
S0310     observers attended the first black political convention in
S0310     Gary, Indiana.
S0310     The NAACP and other groups withdrew from the convention after
S0310     the adoption of resolutions critical of busing and the state
S0310     of Israel.
S03111861 Confederate Congress, meeting in Montgomery, Ala., adopted
S0311     constitution which declared that the passage of any "law de
S0311     nying or impairing the right of property in Negro slaves was
S0311     prohibited.
S03111874 Death of Charles Sumner (63), militant white advocate of equ
S0311     al rights. Frederick Douglass named president of the failing
S0311     Freedmen's Bank.
S0311     Through the 12th New Orleans laborers attacked by whites.
S0311     Six blacks were killed.
S03111956 Through 12th Manifesto denouncing Supreme Cout ruling on seg
S0311     regation in public schools issued by one hundred Southern sen
S0311     ators and representatives.
S03111959 Raisin in the Sun, first Broadway play by a black woman, open
S0311     ed at Barrymore Theater with Sidney Poitier and Claudia McNeil
S0311     in the starring roles. Lorraine Hansberry's drama was the firs
S0311     t Broadway play with a black director, Lloyd Richards, in the
S0311     modern era.
S03121945 First state fair employment practices law signed by the New
S0312     York governor.
S03121955 Death of Charlie Parker (34), one of the founders of the mod
S0312     ern jazz movement, in New York City.
S03121964 Malcolm X resigned from the Nation of Islam.
S03131946 Col. B.O. Davis Jr. assumed command of Lockbourne Air Force
S0313     Base, Ohio.
S03131862 Congress forbade Union officers and soldiers to aid in the
S0313     capture and return of fugitive slaves, ending what one his
S0313     torian called the "military slave hunt."
S03131861 Jefferson Davis signed bill authorizing use of slaves as
S0313     soldiers in the Confederate army.
S03131869 Arkansas legislature passed anti-Klan law.
S03141794 Eli Whitney patented cotton gin which made cotton king and
S0314     increased demand for slave labor.
S0315     Death of Lester Young (49), New York City.
S03151911 Fifty-fifth Congress (1897-99)  convened.  One black cong
S0315     ressman: George H. White, North Carolina.
S03151980 Scores injured in Klan-related incidents in Georgia, Tenn
S0315     essee, California, Indiana and North Carolina, in March and
S0315     April.
S03151933 NAACP began coordinated attack on segregation and discrimin
S0315     ation, filing a suit against the University of North Caroli
S0315     na on behalf of Thomas Hocutt. Case was lost on a technical
S0315     ity after the president of a black college refused to certi
S0315     fy the records of the plaintiff.
S0315     Los Angeles Sentinel founded by Leon H. Washington.
S0315     Spingarn Medal presented to YMCA  secretary Max Yergan for
S0315     his achievements as a missionary in South Africa, "represen
S0315     ting the gift of cooperation...American Negroes may send
S0315     back to their Motherland."
S03161827 First black newspaper, Freedom's Journal, published in New
S0316     York City.
S03161869 Hiram R. Revels made his first speech in the Senate, oppos
S0315     ing the readmission of Georgia without adequate safeguards
S0315     for black citizens. This was the first official speech by a
S0315     black in Congress.
S03171886 Carrollton Massacre, Carrollton, Mississippi.  Twenty blacks
S0315     killed.
S03171898 Death of Blanche Kelso Bruce (57), in Washington.
S03181895 Two hundred blacks left Savannah, Ga., for Liberia.
S03181909 President Roosevelt appointed a committee, including Emmet J.
S0318     Scott, to investigate disturbances in Liberia.
S03181877 President Hayes appointed Frederick Douglass marshal of Dist
S0318     rict of Columbia.
S03181879 Forty-sixth Congress (1879-1881) convened.  One U.S. Senator:
S0318     Blanche K. Bruce, Mississippi.
S03191861 Congressman Thaddeus Stevens called resolution providing for
S0319     the enforcement of the Second Confiscation Act of July, 1962.
S0319     Measure, which provided for the distribution of public and co
S0319     nfiscated land to the freedmen, was defeated.
S03191968 Howard University students seized administration building. Stu
S0319     dents were demanding campus reform and black-oriented curricu
S0319     lum. Civil rights forces mobilized in support of striking hosp
S0319     ital workers in Charleston, South Carolina.
S03201852 Uncle Tom's Cabin, a novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe, published
S0320     in Boston.
S0320     Martin R. Delany published The Condition, Elevation, Emigrat
S0320     ion and Destiny of the Colored People of the United States,
S0320     the first major statement of the black nationalist position.
S0320     Delany said, "The claims of no people, according to establis
S0320     hed policy and usage, are respected by any  nation, until
S0320     they are presented in a national capacity."  He added: "We
S0320     are a nation within a nation; as the Poles in Russia, the
S0320     Hungarians in Austria; the Welsh, Irish, and Scotch in the
S0320     British dominions."
S03201890 Blair Bill which provided federal support for education and
S0320     allocated funds to reduce illiteracy among the freedmen was
S0320     defeated in the Senate, 37-31.
S03201970 Students struck at the University of Michigan and demanded
S0320     increased black enrollment. The strike ended April 2, after
S0320     the administration agreed to meet their demands.
S0321     Death of Walter White (61), New York City.  Roy Willkins suc
S0321     ceeded him as NAACP executive, April 11.
S03221968 State troopers mobilized to put down student rebellion on cam
S0322     pus of Cheyney State College.
S03231968 Rev. Walter Fauntroy, a former aide of Martin Luther King Jr.,
S0323     became the first monvoting congressional delegate from the D
S0323     istrict of Columbia since the Reconstruction period.
S03251910 Liberian Commission recommended financial aid to Liberia and
S0325     the establishment of a U.S. Navy coaling station in the Afri
S0325     can country.
S03261910 William H. Lewis appointed assistant attorney general of the
S0326     United States.
S03261831 Death of Richard Allen (71), who was nominated by auther
S0326     Vernon Loggins for the title "Father of the Negro."
S03261937 William H. Hastie confirmed as judge of Federal District Cou
S0326     rt in Virgin Islands and became the first black federal
S0326    judge.
S03271861 Black demonstrators in Charleston staged ride-ins on street
S0327     cars. On May 1, the Charleston City Railway Company adopted
S0327     a resolution guaranteeing the right of all persons to ride
S0327     in streetcars.
S03271969 Black Academy of Arts and Letters founded at Boston meeting.
S0327     Dr. C. Eric Lincoln, professor of religion and sociology at Union
S0327     Theological Seminary, was elected president of the organization.
S03271972 Two surviving Soledad Brothers, Fleeta Dumgo and john Cluchette,
S0327     acquitted by an all-white jury of charges that they killed a white
S0327     guard at Soledad Prison in 1970. Third Soledad Brother, George Jackson,
S0327     was killed in August, 1971, in alleged escape attempt.
S03281968 Race riot in Memphis, Tenn.  interrupted protest march led by
S0328     Martin Luther King Jr.  in support of striking sanitation wor
S0328     kers.  National Guard called up.
S03291968 Students seized building at Bowie State College.
S03291981 Death of Eric Williams (79), Prime Minister of Trinidad and
S0329     Tobago,in Port of Spain.  Dr. Williams was also a historian
S0329     and the author of the classic work, Capitalism and Slavery.
S03301869 Fifteenth Amendment ratified.
S03301923 Zeta Phi Beta Sorority, founded at Howard University in 1920,
S0330     incorporated.
S03301941 National Urban League presented one-hour program over a natio
S0330     nal radio network and urged equal participation for blacks in
S0330     national defense program.
S03311930 President Hoover nominated Judge John J. Parker of North Caro
S0331     lina for a seat on the U.S. Supreme Court. The NAACP launched
S0331     a national campaign against the appointment.  Parker was not
S0331     confirmed by the Senate.
S03311948 A. Phillip Randolph told Senate Armed Services Committee
S0331     that unless segregation and discrimination were banned in
S0331     draft programs he would urge black youths to resist induc
S0331     tion by civil disobedience.
S03311980 Death of Jesse Owens (66), who won four gold medals at the
S0331     Berlin Olympics, 1936, in Tuscon, Arizona.
S03311741 Succession of suspicious fires and reports of slave conspir
S0331     acies created hysteria in New York in March and April.Thirty
S0331     -one slaves and five whites were executed.
S03311850 United States Population:  23,191,876.  Black population:
S0331     3,638,808 (15.7 per cent). Massachusetts Supreme Court re
S0331     jected the argument of Charles Sumner in the Boston school
S0331     integration suit and established the "separate but equal"
S0331     precedent.