Hall of Fame/HallofFameCDROM.cdr/open/todaylee.lzh/TODAY.JUL

Text File | 1989-03-11 | 22KB | 363 lines

*mmddyyyy Birthdays
*-------- -----------------------------------------------------------
B07021908 Thurgood Marshall born in Baltimore.
B07041900 Daniel Louis ("Satchmo") Armstrong born in New Orleans, Lou
B0704     isiana.
B07101875 Mary McLeod Bethune, educator and civil rights leader, born
B0710     in Mayesville, South Carolina.


*mmddyyyy Events
*-------- -----------------------------------------------------------
S07011870 James W. Smith of South Carolina entered West Point. Smith,
S0701     the first black student, did not graduate.
S07011873 Henry O. Flipper of Georgia entered West Point Military Aca
S0701     demy.
S07011960 Somali proclaimed independent.
S07011868 North Carolina legislature (21 blacks, 149 whites) met in Ra
S0701     leigh.
S07011889 Ninety-four black reported lynched in 1889.
S07011893 Walter Francis White Born in Atlanta, Georgia.
S07011898 Tenth Cavalry made charge at El Caney and relieved Theodore
S0701     Roosevelt's Rough Riders.  Four black regiments in regualr a
S0701     rmy were conspicuous in fighting around Santiago in Spanish-
S0701     American War. Sixteen regiments of black volunteers were re
S0701     cuited during the war.
S07011889 Frederick Douglass named Minister to Haiti.
S07011917 Race riot, East St. Louis, Illinois.  Estimates of number
S0701     killed ranged from forty to two hundred.  Martial law was
S0701     declared. A congressional investigating committee said, "It
S0701     is not possible to give accurately the number of dead.  At
S0701     least thirty-nine Negroes and eight white people were killed
S0701     outright, and hundreds of Negroes were wounded and maimed.
S0701     'The bodies of the dead Negroes, 'testified can eye witness,
S0701     'were thrown into a morgue like so many dead hogs.'
S0701     There were three hundred and twelve buildings and forty-four
S0701     railroad freight cars and their contents destroyed by fire."
S0701976  Kenneth Gibson, mayor of Newark, became the first black pre
S0701     sident of the U.S. Conference of Mayors.
S07021881 President Garfield shot in Washington, D.C. He died on Sept
S0702     ember 19 and was succeeded by Vice-President Chester A. Art
S0702     hur.
S07021777 Vermont became the first American colony to abolish slavery.
S0702     By 1783 slavery was prohibited in Massachusetts and New Hamp
S0702     shire.Pennsylvania passed a gradual emancipation law in 1780.
S0702     Connecticut and Rhode Island barred slavery in 1784 and were
S0702     followed by New York (gradual emanicpation) and New Jersey i
S0702     n 1799 and  1804, respectively.  Slavery died in the North as
S0702     a direct result of forces set in motion by the Rights of Man
S0702     movement.
S07021822 Denmark Vesey and five of his aides hanged at Blake's Landi
S0702     ng, Charleston, South Carolina.
S07021943 Lt. Charles Hall, Brazil, Ind., became first black pilot to
S0702     shoot down Nazi plane.
S07021946 Death of Anthony Overton (81), publisher, cosmetics manufac
S0702     turer and banker, Chicago.
S07041776 Declaration of Independence adopted.  A section denouncing
S0704     the slave trade was deleted.
S07041827 Slavery abolished in New York State.
S07041868 Georgia legislature (34 black, 186 white) met in Atlanta.
S07041875 White Democrats killed several blacks in terrorist attacks
S0704     in Vicksburg, Mississippi.
S07041881 Brooker T. Washington established Tuskegee Institute. Also
S0704     founded in 1881 were Spelman College, Morris Brown College,
S0704     and Bishop College.
S07041972 NAACP convention adopted emergency resolution charging that
S0704     President Nixon was "leading the mob in its assault upon the
S0704     Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection clause."
S07041970 More than one hundred persons were injured in rioting in As
S0704     bury Park, New Jersey.
S07051975 Arthur Ashe  won the men;s single championship at Wimbeldon,
S0705     defeating Jimmy Connors.
S0705     Forty injured in racial disturbances in Miami, Florida.
S07051966 National Guard mobilized in Omaha after third night of riot
S0705     ing.
S07061853 William Wells Brown published Clotel, the first novel by a black
S0706     American.
S07061853 National Black convention met in Rochester, New York, with 140
S0706     delegates from nine states.  James W.C. Pennington of New Yo
S0706     rk was elected president of this meeting which is generally c
S0706     onsidered the largest and most representative of the early bl
S0706     ack conventions.
S07061854 South Carolina General Assembly met in Janney's Hall, Colum
S0706     bia, with eighty-five black representatives and seventy whit
S0706     e.  There were ten blacks and twenty-one whites in the sena
S0706     te and seventy-five blacks and forty-nine whites in the hou
S0706     se. This was the first and last American legislature with a
S0706     black majority.  Robert Somers said later that the South Car
S0706     olina Assembly was "a proletariat parliment the likes of wh
S0706     ich could not be produced under the widest suffrage in any
S0706     part of the world save in some of these Southern states."
S07061869 Black candidate for lieutenant governor, Dr. J.H. Harris, d
S0706     efeated by a vote of 120,068 to 99,600 in Virginia.
S07061957 Althea Gibson won women's single championship at Wimbledon,
S0706     England.
S07061964 Malawi proclaimed independent.
S07061971 Death of Louis ("Satchmo ") Armstrong (71) in Corona, Queens,
S0706     New York.
S07081870 Govenor W.W. Holden of North Carolina declared Casswell Cou
S0708     nty in a state of insurrection.
S07081876 White terrorists attacked Black Republicans in Hamburg, S.
S0708     C., killing five.
S07091863 Union troops entered Port Hudson. With the fall of Vicksburg
S0709     (on July 4) and Port Hudson, Union controlled Mississippi Ri
S0709     ver and Confederacy was cut into two sections.  Eight black
S0709     regiments played important roles in siege of Port Hudson.
S07091868 Francis L. Cardozo installed as secretary of the state of
S0709     South Carolina and became the first black cabinet officer on
S0709     the state level.
S07091893 Daniel Hale Williams performed "world's first successful he
S0709     art coperation" at Chicago's Provident Hospital.
S07091927 Atty. William T. Francis named minister to Liberia.
S07091955 E. Frederic Morrow appointed administrative aide to Preside
S0709     nt Eisenhower and became the first black to hold an executi
S0709     ve position on the White House staff.
S07091979 Dr. Walter Massey named director of the Argonne national La
S0709     boratory.
S07101775 Horatio Gates, George Washington's adjutant general issued
S0710     order excluding blacks from Continental Army.
S07101941 Death of Ferdinand ("Jelly Roll") Morton (56), pioneer jazz
S0710     pianist, in Los Angeles.
S07101962 Martin Luther King Jr. arrested during demonstration in Alb
S0710     any, Georgia.
S07101972 Democratic convention opened in Miami Beach, Florida.  Blac
S0710     ks constituted 15 per cent of the delegates. The convention
S0710     nominated Sen.  George S. McGovern for president.  Rep. Shi
S0710     rley Chisholm received 151.95 of 2,000-plus ballots on the f
S0710     irst roll call.
S07111905 Black intellectuals and activists organized Niagara movement
S0711     at meeting near Niagara Falls.  Delegates from fourteen sta
S0711     tes, led by W.E.B. Du Bois and William Monroe Trotter, deman
S0711     ded abolition of all distinctions based on race.
S07111954 First White Citizens Council organized in Indianola, Mississ
S0711     ippi.
S07121951 Governor Adlai Stevenson, called ourt National Guard to stop
S0712     rioting in Cicero, Illinois.  Mob of 3,500 tried to keep
S0712     black family from moving into all-white city.
S07121963 National Guard troops imposed limited martial law in Cambr
S0712     idge, Md., after open confrontations between demonstrators
S0712     and white segregationists.
S07121966 Race riot, Chicago. National Guard mobilized.
S07121967 Twenty-three killed in Newark rebellion.  The racial uprising
S0712     spread to ten of the city's twenty-three square miles.  Mor
S0712     e than 1,500 persons were injured and 1,300 were arrested.
S0712     Police reported 300 fires.  The Newark rebellion, the worst
S0712     outbreak of racial violence since Watts, spread to other New
S0712     Jersey communites, including New Brunswick, Englewood, Pater
S0712     son, Elizabeth, Palmyra, Passaic, and plainfield.  The Natio
S0712     nal Guard was mobilized.
S07121980 Death of John W. Davis (92), civil rights activists and former
S0712     president of West Virginia State College, in Englewood, New
S0712     Jersey.
S07131787 Continental Congress excluded slavery from Northwest Territ
S0713     ory.
S07131863 Hostility to draft and fear of blacks,"the cause" of the wa
S0713     r and potential competitors in the labor market, led to "New
S0713     York Draft Riots,"  one of the bloodiest race riots in Amer
S0713     ican history. Mobs swept through streets, murdered blacks an
S0713     d hanged them on lamp posts.
S07131868 Oscar J. Dunn, a former slave, formally installed as lieute
S0713     nant governor of Louisiana, the highest elective officer he
S0713     ld to date by an American black.  Antoine Dubuclet was inst
S0713     alled as state treasurer.
S07131868 Alabama legislature (26 blacks, 106 whites) met in Montgome
S0713     ry.
S07131919 Race riots, Longview and Gregg counties, Texas.  Martial law
S0713     declared.There were twenty-six riots during the "Red Summer"
S0713     of 1919.
S07131972 Bureau of Census report said black unemployment averaged 9.9
S0713     per cent in 1971, compared with a 5.4 per cent rate  for whi
S0713     tes.  The report also said that 31.8 per cent of all black
S0713     families were headed by a woman, and increase from the 28
S0713     per cent reported in 1970.
S07141948 Alabama and Mississippi Democrats bolted the Democratic con
S0714     vention after adoption of a "strong" civil rights plank.
S07151864 Gen. A. J. Smith with fourteen thousand men, including a br
S0715     igade of black troops, defeated Nathan B. Forrest at Harris
S0715     burg, near Tupelo, Mississippi.
S07151869 A.J. Hayne, black captain of the Arkansas militia, assassin
S0715     ated in Marion, Arkansas.
S07171794 Absalom Jones and his followers dedicated African Church of
S0717     St. Thomas in Philadelphia. On August 12, 1794, the St. Tho
S0717     mas parishioners affiliated with the Protestant Episcopal Ch
S0717     urch.
S07171794 Richard Allen organized Philadelphia's Bethel African Method
S0717     ist Episcopal Church.
S07171862 Congress authorized president to accept blacks for military
S0717     service. Congress passed the Second Confiscation Act, which
S0717     freed the slaves of all rebels.
S07171863 Unions troops, with First Kansas volunteers playing leading
S0717     role, routed rebels at Honey Springs, Indian Territory.  Bl
S0717     ack troops captured colors of a Texas regiment.
S07171959 Death of singer Billie Holiday (44) New York City.
S07171967 Race riot, Cairo, Illinois.  National Guard mobilized.
S07171981 Fulton County (Atlanta) grand jury indicted Wayne B. William
S0717     s, a twenty-three-year-old photographers, for the murder  of
S0717     two of the twenty-eight black youths killed in a series of s
S0717     layings and disappearances in Atlanta. William denied the ch
S0717     arges but was convicted in February, 1982.
S07181753 Lemuel Haynes, escaped from his slaveholder in Framingham,
S0718     Massachusetts.
S07181863 Fifty-fourth Massachusetts Volunteer, regiment composed of
S0718     free blacks of North, made famous charge on Fort Wagner in
S0718     the Charleston, S.C., harbor.  Sgt. William H. Carney won
S0718     Congressional Medal of Honor for his bravery in the charge
S0718     and became the first black soldier to receive the coveted
S0718     award.
S07181964 Race riot, Harlen.  Rioting spread to the Bedford-Stuyvesant
S0718     section of Brooklyn.
S07191941 President Roosevelt appointed FEP Committee.
S07191941 First U.S. Army flying school for black cadets dedicted at
S0719     Tuskegee, Alabama.
S07191966 Governor James A. Rhodes declared state of emergency in Cle
S0719     veland and dispatched National Guard troops to riot-torn Hou
S0719     gh district.
S07191967 Riot, Durham.  National Guard mobilized.
S07191979 Patricia R. Harris, secretary of housing and urban develop
S0719     ment, named secretary of health, education and welfare.
S07201967 Riot, Memphis, National Guard mobilized.
S0720     More than one thousand persons attended the first Black Pow
S0720     er Conference in Newark, New Jersey.
S07211896 National Federation of Afro-American Women and the Colored
S0721     Women's League merged and created the National Association
S0721     of Colored Woman.  Mary Church Terrell was elected preside
S0721     nt at meeting at Washington's Nineteenth Street Baptist Chu
S0721     rch.
S07211950 Black troops of Twenty-fourth Infantry Regiment recaptured
S0721     Yechon after sixteen-hour battle, scoring first U.S. victory
S0721     in Korean war.
S07211962 More than 160 activists jailed after demonstration in Albany
S0721     .  By August almost one thousand demonstrators had been arr
S0721     ested in the Georgia city.
S07221848 President Lincoln submitted draft of Emancipation Proclama
S0722     tion to his cabinet.S07221935  Lester Walton appointed mini
S0722     ster to Liberia.
S07221939 Jane Matilda Bolin appointed judge of court of domestic rel
S0722     ations in New York City, by Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia and be
S0722     came the first black woman judge.
S07231900 Pan-African Congress met in London. Among the leaders of the
S0723     Congress were H. Sylvester Williams, a West Indian Lawyer wi
S0723     th a London practice, W.E.B. Du Bois, and Bishop Alexander
S0723     Walters.
S07231948 Progressive party convention, meeting in Philadelphia, nom
S0723     inated Henry Wallace for President.  New Party made major
S0723     effort to attack blacks. Approximately 150 black delegates
S0723     and alternates attended the convention.  The keynote speaker
S0723     was Charles P. Howard, and attorney, publisher and former Re
S0723     publican from Des Moines, Iowa. Thirty-seven black ran for
S0723     state and local offices on the party ticket.  Ten blacks
S0723     ran for Congress.  The party attacted few black voters but
S0723     forced the Democratiic party to make serious gestures to hold
S0723     the black vote.
S07231967 Forty-three persons killed in rebellion in Detroit.  Federal
S0723     troops were called out for the first time since the Detroit
S0723     riot of 1943 to quell the largest racial rebellion in a U.S.
S0723     city in the twentieth century.  More than two thousand per
S0723     sons were injured and some five thousand were arrested. Poli
S0723     ce reported 1, 442 fires. Rioting spead to other Michigan
S0723     cities.
S07231968 Race riot, Cleveland.  Eleven persons, including three pol
S0723     icemen, were killed and National Guard was mobilized. Riot
S0723     was sparked by alleged ambush of police detail by black rad
S0723     icals.
S07241651 Anthony Johnson, a free black who was probably one of the
S0724     first twenty settlers, received a grant of 250 acres of la
S0724     nd in Northampton County, Va., for importing five persons.
S0724     Johnson established a settlement on the banks of the Pungo
S0724     teague River.
S07241866 Congress passed resolution readmitting the state of Tenness
S0724     ee.
S07241900 Race riot, New Orleans.  Two white policemen killed.
S07241919 Race Riot, Washington, D.C. Triggered by raids on black res
S0724     idential areas by white soldiers.  Six persons killed and mo
S0724     re than one hundred wounded.
S07241954 Death of Mary Church Terrell (90), educator and civila righ
S0724     ts leader, Annapolis,Maryland.
S07241967 Riot, Cambridge, Maryland. National Guard mobilized.
S07251918 Race riot, Chester, Pennsylvania.  Three blacks and two whi
S0725     tes were killed.
S07251964 Race riot, Rochester, New York.  Governor Nelson Rockefeller
S0725     mobilized the National Guard.
S07251972 U.S. health officials conceded that blacks had been used as
S0725     guinea pigs in forty-year syphillis experiment.
S07261847 President Joseph Jenkins Roberts, a native of Virginia, dec
S0726     lared Liberia an independent republic.
S07261848 Fredrick Douglass was the only male to play a prominent role
S0726     at the first Woman's Rights Convention at Senecca Falls, New
S0726     York.  He seconded the woman's suffrage motion introduced
S0726     by Elizabeth Cady Stanton.
S07261865 Patrick Francis Healy, first black awarded Ph.D. degree, pas
S0726     sed final examination at Louvain in Belgium.
S07261918 Race riot, Philadelphia.  Three whites and one black were k
S0726     illed.
S07261926 National Bar Association incorporated.
S0726     Spingarn Medal awarded to Carter G. Woodson for "ten years
S0726     devoted service in collecting and publishing the records of
S0726     the Negro in America."
S07261948 president Truman issued Executive Order No. 9981 directing
S0726     "equality of treatment and opportunity" in the armed forc
S0726     es.
S07271816 Fort Blount on Apalachicola Bay, Fla., attacked by U.S. tr
S0727     oops.The Fort, which was held by fugitive slaves and India
S0727     ns, was taken after siege of several days.
S07271919 Troops were mobilized to put down Chicago riot which erupt
S0727     ed on July 27, and continued for several days.  Fifteen wh
S0727     ites and twenty-three blacks were killed and more than five
S0727     hundred were injured.
S07271962 Martin Luther King Jr. jailed in Albany, Georgia.
S07271968 Riot, Gary, Indiana.
S07281915 U.S. Marines landed in Haiti and the country became a de
S0728     facto protectorate of the United States.
S07281915 Ten thousand blacks marched down Fifth Avenue, New York Ci
S0728     ty, in silent parade protesting lynchings and racial indig
S0728     nities.
S07291970 One person was killed in six days of rioting in Hartford,
S0729     Connecticut.
S07301619 Virginia House of Burgesses met at Jamestown. First colonial
S0730     legislature in America passed a measure which legalized white
S0730     servitude.  Similar measures were passed later by other col
S0730     onies.  White indentured servitude lasted for more than two
S0730     centuries and involved most of the first inmigrants.
S07301822 James Varick consecrated as the first bishop of the African
S0730     Methodist Episcopal Zion Church.
S07301839 Slave rebels, led by Joseph Cinquez, killed captain and to
S0730     ok over slaver Amistad in most celebrated of American slave
S0730     mutinies. Rebels were captured off Long Island on August 26.
S07301863 President Lincoln issued "eye-for-eye" order, warning Confed
S0730     eracy that the Union would shoot a rebel prisoner for every
S0730     black prisoner shot, and would condemn a rebel prisoner to a
S0730     life of hard labor for every black prisoner sold into slave
S0730     ry. Order had restraining influence on Confederate governme
S0730     nt, through individual commanders and soldiers continued to
S0730     murder captured black soldiers.
S07301864 Union exploded mine under rebel lines near Petersburg, comm
S0730     itted three white and one black divisions and was soundly de
S0730     feated. Black division of Ninth Corps sustained heavies cas
S0730     ualties in ill-planned attack. Only union success of day was
S0730     scored by Forty-third U.S.C.T. which captured two hundred re
S0730     bels and two stands of colors. Decatur Dorsey of Thirty-nin
S0730     th U.S.C.T. won a Congressional Medal of Honor.
S07301866 White Democrats, led by police, attacked a convention of bla
S0730     ck and white Republicans in New Orleans.  More than 40 pers
S0730     ons were killed, and at least 150 were wounded.  Gen. Philip
S0730     H. Sheridan, Military commander of the state, said, "It was
S0730     not riot; it was an absolute massacre...which the mayor and
S0730     the police of the city perpetrated without the shadow of a
S0730     necessity."
S07301866 Edward G. Walker, son of abolitionist David Walker, and Cha
S0730     rles L. Mitchell electee to Massachusetts Assembly from Bos
S0730     ton and became the first blacks to sit in the Legislature of
S0730     an American state in the post-Civil War period.
S07301967 Riot, Milwaukee, July 30-August 3.  National Guard mobilized
S0730     .  Four persons killed.
S07311874 Patrick Francis Healy, S.J., inaugurated as president of Ge
S0730     orgetown University, the oldest Catholic University in Amer
S0730     ica, and became the first black  to head a predominantly wh
S0730     ite university.
S07311960 Elijah Muhammad, leader of the Nation of Islam, called for c
S0731     reation of a black state in America at a New York meeting.
S07311969 National Guard mobilized in racial disturbances in Baton Ro
S0731     uge, Louisiana.
S07311981 Attorney Arnette R. Hubbard installed as the first woman pre
S0731     sident of the National Bar Association.