Hall of Fame/HallofFameCDROM.cdr/open/todaylee.lzh/TODAY.APR

Text File | 1989-02-11 | 23KB | 389 lines

*mmddyyyy Birthdays
*-------- ----------------------------------------------------------
B04041899 Musician Edward Kennedy ("Duke") Ellington born in Washing
B0404     ton, D.C.
B04051839 Robert Smalls, Civil War hero and Reconstruction congress
B0405     man, born in Beaufort, South Carolina.
B04051856 Booker Taliaferro Washington born a slave in Franklin
B0405     County, Virginia ( Place of birth ? ).
B04051856 Booker T. Washington, educator, born in Hale's Ford Va.
B04061830 James Augustine Healy, first black Roman Catholic bishop
B0406     in America, born to Irish planter and slave on plantation
B0406     near Macon, Georgia.
B04071915 Billie Holiday, blues singer, born in Baltimore, Md.
B04091898 Paul Bustill Robeson born in Princeton, N.J.
B04121898 Sir Grantley H. Adams, political leader, president of
B0412     Barbados, born.
B04221922 Charles Mingus, Jazz musician, born
B04251918 Ella Fitzgerald, "First Lady of Song," born.
B04271883 Hubert Harrison, writer, freedom fighter, born in
B0427     St. Croix, Virgin Island.
B04291899 Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington, world famous musician,
B0429     born in Washington, D.C.

*mmddyyyy Events
*-------- ------------------------------------------------------------
S04011867 Blacks voted in municipal election in Tuscumbia, Alabama. M
S0401     ilitary officials set aside the election pending clarificat
S0401     ion on electoral procedures.
S04011868 Hampton Institute opened.
S04011930 Zawditu, the first reigning female monarch of Ethiopia, dies.
S04011950 Death of Charles R. Drew (45), surgeon and developer of the
S0401     blood bank concept, after an automobile accident near
S0401     Burlington, North Carolina.
S04011966 Through the 24th, First world festival of black art held in
S0401     Dakar, Senegal.  One of the largest delegations came from
S0401     Black America.
S04011929 Morehouse College, Spelman College and Atlanta University
S0401     affiliated, creating a new Atlanta University.  John Hope,
S0401     president of Morehouse College, was named president.
S04021865 Black soldiers of the Twenty-fifth Corps were among the
S0402     first Union soldiers to enter Petersburg.
S04021984 Coach John Thompson of Georgetown University becomes the first
S0402     Black coach to win the NCAA basketball tournament.
S04031889 Savings Bank of the Order of True Reformers opened in
S0403     Richmond, Virginia.
S04031944 Supreme Court (Smith v. Allwright) said "white primaries"
S0403     that excluded blacks were unconstitutional.
S04031950 Death of Carter G. Woodson (74), "father of black history,"
S0403     Washington, D.C.
S04031963 Martin Luther King Jr. opened antisegregation campaign in
S0403     Birmingham. More than two thousand demonstrators, includ-
S0403     ing King, were arrested before the campaign ended.
S04031865 Fifth Massachusetts Colored Cavalry and units of the Twenty
S0403     -fifth Corps were in the vanguard of Union troops entering
S0403     Richmond.
S0403     Second Division of Twenty-fifth Corps helped chase Robert E.
S0403     Lee's army from Petersburg to Appomattox Court House, April
S0403     3-10.  The black division and white Union soldiers were adv-
S0403     ancing on General Lee's trapped army with fixed bayonets wh
S0403     en the Confederate troops surrendered.
S04041968 Martin Luther King Jr. assassinated by white sniper in Memp
S0404     his,Tennessee. Assassination precipitated a national crisis
S0404     and rioting in more than one hundred cities.  Forty-six per
S0404     sons were killed in major rebellions in Washington, Chicago
S0404     and other cities. Twenty thousand federal troops and thirty
S0404     four thousand National Guardsmen were mobilized to quell dis
S0404     turbances. Memorial marches and rallies were held throughout
S0404     the country. Many public school systems closed and the open
S0404     ing of the baseball season was postponed.  President Lyndon
S0404     B. Johnson declared Sunday, April 6, a national day of mourn
S0404     ing and ordered all U.S. flags on government buildings in all
S0404     U.S. territories and possession to fly at half-mast.
S0404     Independence Day in the Republic of Senegal.
S04041972 Death of Adam Clayton Powell Jr. (63), former congressman and
S0404     civil rights leader, in Miami.
S04051976 FBI documents, released in response to a freedom of informat-
S0405     ion suit, revealed that the government mounted an intensive
S0405     campaign against civil rights organizations in the sixties.
S0405     In a letter dated August 25, 1967, the FBI said the govern
S0405     ment operation, called COINTELPRO, was designed "to expose,
S0405     disrupt, misdirect, discredit or otherwise neutralize the act-
S0405     ivities of black nationlists, hate-type groups, their leader-
S0405     ship, spokesmen, membership and supporters, and to counter th
S0405     eir propensity for violence and civil disorders."  A later te-
S0405     legram specifically named the Student Nonviolent Coordinating
S0405     Committee and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference as
S0405     organizations having "radical and violence prone leaders, memb
S0405     ers and followers.
S04061869 Ebenezer Don Carlos Bassett, Principal of the Institute for Co
S0406     lored Youth, Philadelphia, named minister to Haiti and became
S0406     the first major black diplomat and the first American black to
S0406     receive a major appointment from the United Stated Goverment.
S04061909 Matthew Henson, explorer, leads a party of six  to
S0406     reach the North Pole.
S04061917 America entered Worl War I.  President Wilson, who had just
S0406     inaugurated a policy of segregation in government agencies,
S0406     told Congress that "the world must be made safe for democracy."
S04061931 First Scottsboro trial began in Scottsboro, Alabama.  Trial
S0406     of nine black youths accused of raping two white women on a
S0406     freight train became a cause celebre.
S04071712 Slave revolt, New York City.  Nine whites were killed and
S0407     twenty-one slaves were executed.
S04071934 Death of William Monroe Trotter in Boston, sixty-two years
S0407     after his birth on April 7, 1872.
S04081974 Henry ("Hank")  Aaron broke Babe Ruth's major league base
S0408     ball record, by hitting his 715th home run in a game at
S0408     Atlanta stadium.
S04081980 State troopers mobilized  to stop disturbances in Wrights-
S0408     ville, Georgia. Racial incidents were also reported in 1980
S0408     in Chattanooga, Tenn., Oceanside, Calif., Kokomo, Ind.,
S0408     Wichita, kan., and Johnston County, North Carolina.
S04091816 African Methodist Episcopal Church organized at general con-
S0409     vention in Philadelphia.  On April 10, Richard Allen was el-
S0409     ected bishop.
S04091865 Nine black regiments of Gen. John Hawkins's division helped
S0409     smash Confederate defenses at Fort Blakely, Alabama.  Cap-
S0409     ture of the fort led to fall of Mobile. Sixty-eight U.S.C.T.
S0409     had the highest number of casualties in the engagement.
S04091866 Civil Rights Bill passed over the president's veto.  The
S0409     bill conferred citizenship on blacks and gave them "the
S0409     same right, in every State and Territory... as is enjoyed
S0409     by white citizens."
S04091870 American Anti-Slavery Society dissolved.
S04091968 Martin Luther King Jr. buried after funeral services at
S0409     Ebenezer Baptist Church and memorial services at Morehouse
S0409     College, Atlanta. More than 300,000 persons marched behind
S0409     the coffin of the slain leader which was carried through st
S0409     reets of Atlanta on farm wagon pulled by two Georgia mules.
S0409     Scores of national dignitaries, including Vice-President
S0409     Humphrey, attended funeral. CORE and the Fellowship of Re-
S0409     conciliation sent twenty-three dignitaries.
S0409     Ralph David Aberbathy elected to succeed King as head of
S0409     Southern Christian Leadership Conference.
S04101872 First National black convention met in New Orleans.  Freder-
S0410     ick Douglass was elected president.
S04101877 Federal troops withdrawn from Columbia, South Carolina.
S0410     Democrats took over state government.
S04101938 Nana Annor Adjaye, Pan-Afrianist, dies in W. Nzima, Ghana.
S04101958 Death of W.C. Hnady (84), composer and musician, in New York
S0410     City by White supremists.
S04101968 U.S. CONGRESS pass Civil Rights Bill banning racial discrim-
S0410     ination in sale or rental of approximately 80 per cent of
S0410     the nation's housing.  President Johnson signed bill on
S0410     April 11.  Bill also made it a crime to interfere with
S0410     civil rights workers and to cross state lines to incite
S0410     a riot.
S04111865 President Lincoln recommended suffrage for black veterans and
S0411     blacks.
S04111956 Singer Nat Cole attacked on stage of Birmingham theater by
S0411     whites who were "very intelligent."
S04111972 Benjamin L. Hooks, a Memphis lawyer-minister, named to the
S0411     Federal Communications Commission.
S04111966 Emmett Ashford became the first black major league umpire.
S04111967 Harlem voters defied Congress and reelected Congressman Adam
S0411     Clayton Powell Jr.
S04121787 Richard Allen and Absalom Jones organized Philadelphia's Free
S0412     African Society which Du Bois called "the first wavering step
S0412     of a people toward a more organized social life."
S04121864 Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest captured Fort Pil-
S0412     low, Tenn., and massacred the inhabitants, sparing, the offi-
S0412     cial report said, neither soldier nor civilian, black nor
S0412     white, male or female.Fort was held by a predominantly white
S0412     force.
S04121861 Confederate soldiers attacked Fort Sumter, in the Charleston,
S0412     S.C., harbor.
S04121869 North Carolina legislature passed anti-Klan Law.
S0412     Black students occupied administration building at Boston
S0412     University in demand for Afro-American history courses and
S0412     additional black students.
S04121980 Liberian President William R. Tolbert Jr. and twenty-seven
S0412     others were killed in coup detat by army enlisted men led
S0412     by master Sergeant Samuel  Doe.
S0413     Martin Luther King Jr. denounced Vietnam War which he said
S0413     was "rapidly degenerating into a sordid military adventure."
S04131723 Massachusetts governor issued proclaimation on the "fires
S0413     which have been designedly and industriously kindled by some
S0413     villainous and desperate Negroes or other dissolute people as
S0413     appears by the confession of some of them."
S04131808 William Henry Lane ("Juda") perfects the tap dance.
S04131873 Colfax Massacre, Easter Sunday morning, Grant Parish, Lou-
S0413     isiana. More than sixty blacks were killed.
S04141775 First abolitionist society in United States organized in
S0414     Philadelphia.
S04141865 President Lincoln was shot and critically wounded at Ford's
S0414     Theatre in Washington.
S04141868 South Carolina voters approved constitution, 70,758  to 27,
S0414     228, and elected state officers, including the first black
S0414     cabinet officer, Francis L.Cardozo, secretary of state.  New
S0414     constitution required integrated education and contained a
S0414     strong bill of rights section:  "Distinctions on account of
S0414     race or color, in any case whatever, shall be prohibited,
S0414     and all classes of citizens shall enjoy equally all common,
S0414     public, legal and political privileges."
S04141873 U.S. Supreme Court decision in Slaughterhouse cases began
S0414     process of diluting the Fourteenth Amendment.  The Court
S0414     said the Fourteenth Amendment protected federal civil
S0414     rights, not "Civil rights heretofore belonging exclusively
S0414     to the states."
S04141915 James Hutton Brew, "Pioneer of West African Journalism," dies.
S04141969 Student Afro-American Society seized the Columbia College
S0414     admissions office and demanded a special admissions board
S0414     and staff.
S0415186? President Lincoln called for 75,000 troops to put down the
S0415     rebellion.
S0415     Lincoln administration rejected black volunteers.  For almost
S0415     two years straight black Americans fought for the right, as
S0415     one humorist put it, "to be kilt".
S04151865 Death of Abraham Lincoln, Washington.
S04151959 African Freedom Day is declared at the All-African People's
S0415     Conference in ACcra, Ghana.
S04151960 Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee organized by young
S0415     activists at a meeting on the Shaw University campus.
S04161862 Slavery abolished in District of Columbia.
S04161868 Louisiana voters approved new constitution and elected state
S0416     officers, including the first black lieutenant governor,
S0416     Oscar J. Dunn, and the first black state treasurer, Antoine
S0416     Dubuclet. Article Thirteen of the new constitution banned
S0416     segregation in public accommodation:
S0416     "All the persons shall enjoy equal rights and privileges upon
S0416     any conveyances of a public character; and all places of bus-
S0416     iness, or of public resort, or for which a license is required
S0416     by either State, Parish or municipal authority, shall be deem
S0416     ed places of a public character and shall be opened to the
S0416     accommodation and patronage of all persons, without distinct-
S0416     ion or discriminination on account of race or color."
S04161965 Maj. Gen. B.O. Davis Jr., assistant deputy chief of staff of
S0416     the U.S. Air Force, named lieutenant general, the highest
S0416     rank attained by a black to date in the armed services.
S04161962 Three Louisiana segregationists were excommunicated by Arch-
S0416     bisop Joseph Rummel for continuing their opposition to his
S0416     order for integration of New Orleans parochial schools.
S04171758 Francis Williams, first U.S. Black college graduate, publishes
S0417     a poem book in Latin.
S04181818 Andrew Jackson defeated force of Indians and blacks at Battle
S0418     of suwanee, ending First Seminole War.
S04181864 Surrounded by a superior rebel force, First Kansas Colored
S0418     Volunteers smashed through rebel lines and sustained heavy
S0418     casualties in an engagement at Poison Spring, Arkansas.
S0418     Captured black soldiers were murdered by the Confederate
S0418     troops.
S04181941 Dr. Robert Waever named director of Office of Production
S0418     Management section charged with integrating blacks into the
S0418     national defense program. Bus companies of New York City ag-
S0418     reed to hire black drivers and mechanics.  Agreement ended a
S0418     four-week boycott.
S04181955 Bandung Conference of leaders of colored nations of Africa
S0418     and Asia opened in Indonesia.
S0418     Bill Russell named coach of the Boston Celtics basketball
S0418     team and became the first black to coach an established team
S0418     in professional athletics.
S0418     James B. Parsons named chief judge of the Federal District
S0418     Court in Chicago and became the first black to hold that po-
S0418     sition.
S04181976 Death of Percy Julian (76), holder of more than 138 chemical
S0418     patents, and a pioneer systhesizer of cortisone drugs.
S04181989 Independence Day in Zimbabwe.
S0419     Black and white Minutemen fought British soldiers at Lexington
S0419     and Concord.
S04191960 Home of Z. Alexander Looby, counsel for 153 students arrested
S0419     in sit-in demonstrations, destroyed by dynamite bomb.  More
S0419     than eighty-three demonstrators indicted in Atlanta,Georgia,
S0419     on charges stemming from sit-in demonstrations at Atlanta re-
S0419     staurants.
S0419     Two thousand students marched on the Nashville City Hall in
S0419     protest.
S0419     One hundred black students, carrying rifles and shotguns, se-
S0419     ized the Student Building at Cornell University to protest Un-
S0419     iversity "racism."
S0419     Maj. Gen. Frederic E. Davidson assumed command of the Eighth
S0419     Infantry Division in Germany and became the first black to
S0419     lead an army division.
S0419     National Education Association study revealed that blacks had
S0419     lost thirty thousand teaching jobs since 1954 in seventeen
S0419     Southern and Border states because of discrimination and de-
S0419     segregation.
S04191989 Republic Day in Sierra Leone
S04201871 Third Enforcement Act defined Klan conspiracy as a rebellion
S0420     against the United States and empowered the president to sus
S0420     pend the writ of habeas corpus and declare martial law in re-
S0420     bellious areas.
S04201877 Federal troops withdrawn from public buildings in New Orleans.
S0420     Democrats took over state government.
S04201900 In memory of Mebel Mercer, popular singer of England,dies
S0420     in 1984.
S04201964 School officials said 86 per cent of the black students in
S0420     Cleveland schools participated in one-day boycott.
S04201971 U.S. Supreme Court ruled unanimously that busing was a
S0420     constitutionally acceptable method of integrating public
S0420     schools.
S04211878 The ship Azor left Charleston with 206 black emigrants bound
S0421     for Liberia.
S04211892 Black Longshoremen struck for higher wages in St. Louis, Mi-
S0421     ssouri.
S04211898 Spanish-American War began.
S0421     Milton Olive jr.  awarded Congressional Medal of Honor for
S0421     bravery in Vietnam.
S04211966 Imperial Mejesty Haile Selassie come to Kingston Jamaica.
S04221950 Death of Charles Hamilton Houston (54), architect of the
S0422     NAACP legal campaign Washington, D.C.
S04221964 New York police arrested 294 demonstrators at opening of
S0422     World Fair.
S0422     Trinity college student occupied school administration bu-
S0422     ilding to protest campus bias.
S04221981 Death of Brailsford Reese Brazeal (76), economist and former
S0422     dean of Morehouse College, in Atlanta.
S0422     Joint Center for Political Studies reported that 2991 blacks
S0422     held elective offices in 45 states and the District of Co-
S0422     lumbia, compared with 2621 in April, 1973, and 1185 in 1969.
S0422     The Center reported 108 black mayors.  Michigan had the lar-
S0422     gest number of black elected officials (194), followed by Mi-
S0422     ssissippi (191).
S04231971 Columbia University operations virtually ended for the year
S0423     by black and white students who seized five buildings on ca-
S0423     mpus.
S04231955 U.S. Supreme Court refused to review lower court decision
S0423     which banned segregation in intrastate bus travel.
S04231971 William Tubman, president of Liberia dies.
S04241884 National Medical Association of Black physicians organized
S0424     in Atlanta, Ga.
S04241867 Black demonstrators staged ride-ins on Richmond, Va., st-
S0424     reetcars. Troops were mobilized to restore order.
S0424     First national meeting of the Ku Klax Klan held at the Max
S0424     wel House, Nashville.
S04241886 Augustus Tolton ordained a Roman Catholic prist in Rome and
S0424     assigned to America.
S04241944 United Negro College Fund incorporated.
S04251945 United Nations founded at San Francisco meeting attended
S0425     by black American consultants, most notably W.E.B. Du Bois,
S0425     Mary McLeod Bethune, Ralph J. Bunche and Walter White.
S04251947 Jackie Robinson joined the Brooklyn Dodgers and became the
S0425     first black in the major leagues in modern times.  Larry
S0425     Doby joined the Cleveland Indians on July 6 and became the
S0425     first black in the American League.  Three other blacks
S0425     played in the major leagues in 1947: Dan Bankhead, pitcher,
S0425     Brooklyn Dodgers; Willard Brown, outfilder, St. Louis Bro-
S0425     wns; Henry Thompson, infielder, St. Louis Browns.
S0425196? Black and white Freedom Riders through the South to test
S0425     compliance with court decisions.
S04251960 Consent judgement in Memphis federal court ended restrictions
S0425     barring voters in Fayette County, Tennessee.  This was the
S0425     first voting rights case under the Civil Rights Act.
S04261904 In memory of William "Count" Basie, Musician, dies in 1984.
S04261968 Students seized administration building at Ohio State.
S04271903 U.S. Supreme Court upheld clauses in Alabama constitution
S0427     which disfranchised blacks.
S0427     Publication of W.E.B. Du Bois's The Souls of Black Folk cry-
S0427     stallized opposition to Booker T. Washington's program of so-
S0427     cial and political subordination.
S0427     Maggie L. Walker named president of Richmond's St.  Luke Ba-
S0427     nk and Trust Company and became the first black woman to he-
S0427     ad a bank.
S0427     Eighty-four blacks reported lynched in 1903.
S04271874 White League, Paramilitary white supremacist organization,
S0427     founded cat Opelousas, Louisiana.
S04271961 Sierra Leone proclaimed independent.
S0427     Death of kwame Nkrumah (62) African statesman and first pre-
S0427     sident of Ghana, in exile, in Conarky, Guinea.
S04281941 Supreme Court ruled in railroad Jim Crow case brought by Co-
S0428     ngressman Arthur Mitchell that separate facilities must be
S0428     substantially equal.
S04281971 Samuel Lee Gravely Jr. became the first black admiral in the
S0428     U.S. Navy.
S04281957 W. Robert Ming, Chicago lawyer, elected chairman of American
S0428     Veterans Committee. He was the first black to head a major n-
S0428     ational veterans organization.
S04281967 World Boxing Association and New York State Athletic Comm-
S0428     ission withdrew recognition of Muhammad Ali as world heavy-
S0428     weight boxing champion because of his refusal to serve in the
S0428     U.S. armed forces.
S0429     Mrs. Robert W. Claytor elected president of the YWCA, the fi-
S0429     rst black president of the organization.
S04291968 Poor People's Campaign began with Ralph Abernathy, SCLC  pre-
S0429     sident, leading delegation of leaders representing poor white
S0429     s, blacks, Indians, and Spanish Americans to Capitol Hill for
S0429     conferences with cabinet members and congressional leaders.
S04291981 Buffalo, N.Y., grand jury indicted Pvt. Joseph G. Christopher
S0429     of the U.S. Army on murder charges stemming from the racially
S0429     motivated slayings of three blacks in September, 1980.
S04301828 Shaka, the great Zulu king, killed.
S04301864 Fighting rearguard action, six infantry regiments checked re-
S0430     bel troops at Jenkins' Ferry, Saline River, Arkansas.  Enr-
S0430     aged by atrocities committed at Poison Spring (above), Sec-
S0430     ond Kansas Colored Volunteers went into battle shouting,
S0430     "Remember Poison Spring!" Regiment captured rebel battery.