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- BREAK-EVEN ANALYSIS
-
- Computes all values for linear break-even chart.
-
- Break-even analysis is a technique for analyzing the
- relationships among fixed costs, variable costs, and
- income. Until the break-even point is reached, at the
- intersection of the total income and total cost lines,
- the producer operates at a loss. After the break-even
- point, each unit produced and sold makes a profit.
-
- Break-even analysis may be represented as follows:
-
- Given four of the following variables:
-
- Fixed costs F
- Sales price per unit P
- Variable costs per unit V
- Number of units sold U
- Gross profit GP
-
- This Button evaluates the remaining variable.
- To compute the break-even values, simply let the gross
- profit equal zero.
-
- The degree of operating leverage OL at a point is
- defined as the ratio of the percentage change in net
- operating income to the percentage change in units
- sold. The greatest degree of operating leverage is
- found near the break-even point, where a small change
- in sales may produce a very large increase in profits.
- This happens because the profits are close to zero near
- the break-even point. Likewise, firms with a small
- degree of operating leverage are operating farther from
- the break-even point, and they are relatively
- insensitive to changes in sales volume.
-
- Equations:
-
- GP = U(P-V) - F
- OL = U(P-V)/U(P-V) - F
-
- Where:
-
- GP is the gross profit.
- OL is the operating leverage.
- U is the number of units.
- V is the variable cost.
- P is the price.
- F is the fixed price.
- \
- BREAK-EVEN ANALYSIS
-
- 1. Input 4 of the following,
- make no entry for the single unknown:
- a. Fixed cost F [RETURN]
- b. Price P [RETURN]
- c. Variable cost V [RETURN]
- d. Number of units U [RETURN]
- e. gross profit GP [RETURN]
-
- The unknown will be computed automatically when all the
- data is input and the result will be displayed.
-
- 2. To compute percent operating leverage press [B]
- Input:
- number of units [RETURN]
-
- The resultant percent operating leverage will be
- displayed. This step can be repeated as desired.
-
- 3. To restart Button or change any variables press [J].
-
- For subsequent computations, it is necessary only to
- input NEW data.
- \